MTH400 User Manual Wideband Wireless Professional Handheld Transmitter SN: ________________ Rev.08 (rif. FW 1.30.0A) Date: 18 May 2018 MTH400 User Manual 2 MTH400 User Manual INTRODUCTION MTH400 is a professional radio microphone especially designed for broadcast/high quality applications. MTH400 is composed by 3 detachable parts:
MIC Head (available with cardioid/hyper-cardioid polar pattern). MIC Body (the below part can be open to access Display & Setup controls area (fig.1) and on the back the Batteries holder & Infrared area (fig. 2). MIC Antenna, made with fibreglass reinforced housing and with a Wireless power switch (fig. 3). MIC Antenna is fastened to body with 2 anvils and a micro-connector. 1 2 1 3 1 Exchange head:
unscrew it counter-clockwise Wireless power switch with programmable LED indication (green/red). Open MIC Body:
Unscrew & slide down cover, To access internal setup controls and batteries holder & infrared. Fig. 3 Wireless power switch Fig. 1 Display & Setup controls Fig. 2 Batteries holder and infrared 3 MTH400 User Manual SAFETY INSTRUCTION Read this safety instruction and the manual first Follow all instructions and information. Do not lose this manual. Do not use this apparatus under the rain or near the water. Do not install the apparatus near heaters or in hot environments, do not use outside the operating temperature range. Do not open the apparatus, only qualified service technician are enabled to operate on it. The apparatus needs servicing when it is not properly working or is damaged by liquids, moisture or other objects are fallen in the apparatus. Use only accessories or replacement parts authorized or specified by the manufacturer. Clean the apparatus only with dry cloths, do not use liquids. Report the serial number and the purchasing date in front of the manual. It is needed to have proper replacement parts or accessories from the manufacturer. When replacement parts are needed, use only replacement parts authorized from the manufacturer. Substitution with not authorized parts could result in electric shock, hazards or fire. Keep attention on all the labels with warnings or hazards on the apparatus. LED INDICATION (POWER SWITCH) Led indication with bicolor led (red & green) on wireless power switch (fig. 3):
Wireless transmission status: green when RF transmission power is on (on power on the device, this LED is red and become green when the RF transmission power is on). Battery status: green steady, slowly blinking (< 25%), quickly blinking (<12%) Modulation peak (if activated): red PTT status: red if active BATTERIES MTH400 is working with 2 AA alkaline, NiMH or Lithium batteries (select correct type on setup controls). Battery status can be checked on internal OLED display or looking to LED status on power switch (see LED INDICATION section) . Battery substitution:
Open MIC body: unscrew counter-clockwise the below cover to access batteries holder;
Take out below battery to release upper battery leverage;
2nd battery falls down and can be remove Attention: always replace both the batteries 4 MTH400 User Manual POWERING UP Move the wireless power switch (fig. 3) in upper position (towards MIC body) to activate wireless transmission: the front LED lights up red and then green when the RF transmission power is on
(blinking when battery is low!) SETUP CONTROL Open MIC Body to access the display and controls area (fig. 1):
A. Graphics Display (OLED) B. Channel selection buttons (ch) C. MIC gain setup buttons (gain) D. 3 position selector (up / down / click) C D A B OLED POWER UP (OLED IS IN OFF CONDITION) Fig. 4 Pushing down selector (click), the graphic display oled turns on. At the beginning a <START UP> menu is displayed, then <STATUS> menu enters automatically. In order to keep the <START UP> menu active, it is necessary to push and hold selector (click) for at least 2 sec. OLED POWER DOWN (OLED IS IN ON CONDITION) Display turns off automatically after 15 sec, unless in <AUDIO> menu (with audio level < 5% from nominal). 5 MTH400 User Manual DISPLAY MENU Using up/down selector all menus can be accessed in sequence. U N E M STATUS PRESET TUNING Current Load Save CH GR Freq FACTORY/USER/PRESET1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8 USER 00-59 00-39 according to the freq. range of the transmitter AF In Gain AF Level
-40 +40 dB (1dB step)
-54 +26 dBu (1dBu step) AUDIO Phase HP Filt 0/180 Flat or 60/80/120/170/250/400 Hz Noise R. ENR-Wisy/ENC-Wisy RF Power 10/20/50/100mW *
Battery Alkaline/NiMH/Lithium Led Light 016 Led Mode None/ModPeak/PTT PTT Mode Disable/Normal/Muting/No Data RF/Battery LED MIC NAME INFO IRDA Lock
* Depending on the Power Profile 6 Preset parameters MTH400 User Manual Using <up/down> selector all menus can be accessed in sequence, push <click> to enter edit mode
(on the left side of the display appear EDIT and the selected parameter starts blinking):
click up
<up/down> to setup field
<click> again to confirm changes and exit. down If no button is pressed, the device exits the EDIT mode and returns the parameter as it was previously set.
<START UP> menu These menus are displayed during power up for few seconds. This menu gives indication on product:
- product id (MTH400),
- the firmware release (ex. 1.30.0A),
- the band in extended format and
- the serial number. Keep selector pushed to hold this menu!
<STATUS> menu This is the first menu displayed after power up. Major info are displayed:
- Current channel/group (i.e. CH:03 GR:03) or Receivers name
(i.e. RECEIVER) if the microphone has already been synchronized with a receiver
- Current frequency (i.e. 610 MHz)
- Mic gain (i.e. -03dB) and high pass filter (i.e. 60Hz)
- If in the top right there is RF10, "RF 50"or "RF 100", the transmission is active respectively at 10, 50 or 100mW (see RF/BATTERY menu)
- On left side, the battery bar is displayed
<PRESET> menu This menu can be entered by scrolling selector. MTP41 can recall configuration presets. FACTORY recalls the Wisycom factory configuration. USER recalls the user configuration (the transmitter configuration is copied into the USER using the save to submenu). All USER menus are not locked by default, thus this is quick way to unlock features!
When the user changes some parameters from the PRESET configuration (for less than frequency) a star appears on the top-
right corner until a save command is executed. The other 8 configuration presets are user programmable thru the infrared and the PC interface
(using the programmer UPK 300/UPKMini or the receiver MRK950/MRK960). We provide the device with some preset configurations specifically designed for certain types of microphone or applications (its possible to change these presets in any time using the TX manager). All parameters can be left unchanged, changed or changed and lock, allowing a very flexible way to pre-program MTH400 configuration. 7 MTH400 User Manual
<TUNING> menu This menu can be entered by scrolling selector or using quick channel setup button (ch). In this menu current channel/group and frequencies can be setup. The name of the group is shown on the top right of the display. Sync group is a quick self-settable channel synchronized by receiver
(with SYNC group, on the top right of the display is shown the name of the synchronized receiver). Use the selector to change values (<+/->) and <click> to confirm. Using quick channel setup buttons (<CH>), it is possible to enter quickly in the tuning menu. Note that the menu has a different layout (see the side image)
<AUDIO> menu This menu can be entered by scrolling selector or using quick gain setup button (gain). The sensitivity of the audio input is settable between AF Gain
(measured in dB) or AF Level (measured in dBu). To help proper audio gain setting, an audio bar is supplied (with maximum peak indicator) indicating the headroom to audio peak
(0 dB , nominal deviation 40KHz). Set the gain, with the maximum input signal, avoiding the peak on the audio bar. TRY TO SETUP TO HAVE A MAX PEAK HOLD BAR CLOSE TO -6dB. Using quick gain setup buttons (<GAIN>), it is possible to enter quickly in the audio gain menu. Note that the menu has a different layout (see the side image) The second <AUDIO> menu allows to set:
- audio phase (0 or 180)
- High Pass filter (Flat, 60, 80, 120, 170, 250, 400 Hz) The third <AUDIO> menu allows to set the noise reduction:
ENR-Wisy: designed for maximum noise reduction ENC-Wisy: designed for maximum audio fidelity (use this in case of special vocal application or to remote instruments) NOTE: To show the three menu screen it's necessary to scroll down with the selector.
<RF/BATTERY> menu This menu can be entered by scrolling selector. RF power can be setup to 10mW, 20mW, 50 mW or 100mW
(depending on the Power profile). If its selected 10mW, in the top right on the STATUS menu appear RF10. If its selected 50mW, in the top right on the STATUS menu appear RF50. If its selected 100mW, in the top right on the STATUS menu appear RF100. Battery type can be setup in Alkaline, NiMH or Lithium. 8 MTH400 User Manual
<LED> menu This menu can be entered by scrolling selector. Power switch green LED brightness can be setup Led light (from 0 to 16). Led Mode setting define when the LED on the power switch (see Fig. 3) have to become RED:
- None: never,
- ModPeak: when audio get close to saturation)
- PTT: when the PTT button is pushed
<MIC> menu This menu can be entered by scrolling selector. 4 different PTT mode can be selected: Disable, Normal, Muting, No Data.
<NAME> menu This menu can be entered by scrolling selector. In this menu its possible to see the frequency set on the device and the name of the transmitter. Its possible to enter on this menu also pressing at the same time the CH/GAIN buttons ( B + C )
<INFO> menu This menu can be entered by scrolling selector. In this menu its possible to see:
- FW version
- HW version
- Serial number
- Bandwidth
- Bootloader version
- Option
<IRDA> menu This menu can be entered by scrolling selector. While there is this menu, the device can be connected to IRDA for setup or firmware upgrades. Note: if the IRDA interface is enabled and theres no communication for around 10 seconds, the IRDA interface is automatically turned off. On power on the device, the IRDA interface is enabled for 14 seconds.
<LOCK> menu This menu can be entered by scrolling selector. Long pressing (2 sec.) selector button (click) it locks MTH400 in transmission mode. To unlock, long pressing (2 sec.) selector button again. 9 MTH400 User Manual
<BOOTLOAD> menu This menu can be entered by turning on the transmitter while pushing at the same time the quick channel setup button <CH> or connecting the device via IRDA using the IR Programmer for FW update Device is forced in bootloader mode to allow FIRMWARE UPDATE. The following table sums up which parameters can be set and the related range settings. MENU TUNING PARAMETER MEANING CH GR Freq Channel Group Frequency AUDIO AF Gain AF Level Phase HP Noise R. Gain of the audio signal Audio signal phase High Pass filter Noise reduction RF Power RF Power RF/BATTERY Battery Led Light Led Mode PTT Mode Battery type Power switch green brightness It defines when the power switch led (see Fig. 3) has to become RED It defines how and what information the transmitter has to send LED MIC 10 RANGE SETTINGS 0 59 0 39 + SYNC GROUP It depends on the MTH400 Model:
See technical spec. and variants for further details
-40dB +40dB step of 1dB
-54dBu +26dBu step of 1dBu 0 or 180 Flat/60/80/120/170/250/400 Hz ENR: Wisycom Extended-NR, noise optimized ENC: Wisycom Extended-NC, voice optimized 10mW or 20mW or 50mW or 100mW
(depending on the power profile) Alkaline, NiMH or Lithium 0 16 None: never ModPeak: when audio get close to saturation PTT: when the PTT button is pushed Disable: when the PTT button is pushed, nothing happen. (the transmitter sends AF+Tone squelch) Normal: when the PTT button is pushed, the transmitter send a different RF signal. According to the receiver configuration the audio can be enabled/disable on LINE (and/or COM). Muting: the transmitter doesnt send the audio. The voice is cut, it doesnt enter to the microphone No Data: the transmitter sends neither tone squelch nor battery data. MTH400 User Manual HOW TO USE WISYCOM TX MANAGER (V.1.1.5 OR ABOVE) Wisycom TX Manager allows to read, modify and update the configuration of Wisycom transmitters. It is necessary to connected the programmer UPK300E/UPKMini or the receiver MRK950/MRK960 to the PC thru USB connection run the Wisycom TX Manager enable the IRDA communication on the transmitter (see IRDA menu) NOTE: Wisycom IR Programmer doesnt work whit MRK950/MRK960 if it is connected to the PC using an Ethernet cable. The Wisycom IR Programmers window is divided in 4 parts (see the image below):
Interface and Device panel contains all the major information of the connected device Current Settings panel shows the current configuration. Thanks the PRESET panel, a previous saved configuration can be chosen and loaded like current setting. Tuning Frequencies panel allows to handle Groups, Channels and Frequencies Presets panel allows to read, change and save different configurations 11 MTH400 User Manual 10 different configurations are available:
FACTORY configuration is a locked configuration: no parameter can be changed. USER configuration is the only configuration that can be saved using the OLED display (see
<PRESET> menu). Note: It is not possible to change the name of this configuration. Other 8 configurations where the user can change both the name and the values of all parameters. INTERFACE AND DEVICE PANEL () At the beginning, the program checks which IR devices are detected and they appears on the Interface panel. The user has to select the device and push <connect> button in order to open the communication with the IR device. A picture on the top in the Interface panel help the user in this selection showing the type of devices detected. During this process the IR activity led blinks to indicate that the program wait connections answer from the IR device. A successful connection is signaled with the interface connection green led, while a failed connection is signaled with the communication error led. Once a supported device is found, the software automatically reads all the data related to the remote configuration, as well as the frequencies that are pre-programmed. Firstly, in order to avoid unwanted operation, no parameters can be changes and the EDIT button, presents on the bottom of Device panel, is yellow and set to LOCKED state. Pushing the EDIT button, it becomes grey and sets to UNLOCKED state to indicate that the configurations can be modified. In this panel its possible to assign a name to the TX (not available for FW v.1.22.0F or previous). Under this parameter, there is a flag to hide the info menu on the TX (not available for FW v.1.22.0F or previous) CURRENT SETTINGS PANEL () In the Current Settings panel the user can with Preset panel load one of the 10 available configurations with other panels modify all the configurations parameters (the same that are changeable in the OLED display). Each parameter can be locked or hidden clicking the related lock/hidden button, so the set value cannot be changed next or cannot be visible on the OLED display. ATTENTION: All the modifies applied to the Current Settings panel are instantaneous: they are applied directly to the device and save in its memory but no saved in the preset configuration. 12 MTH400 User Manual TUNING FREQUENCIES PANEL () With the Tuning Frequencies panel the user can select a frequencies group (039) and for each one execute the following operations:
- modify the Groups Name
-
-
lock and/or hidden the group for each channel (0 59) of the selected group: change the frequency value and the related status (locked/hidden) (in the center grid frequency) The SAVE button, at the top of the panel, save the changes of the group selected (name group, lock/hidden group). To change a frequency value for a specific channel: double click on the grid frequency panel
(row=channels number), the new frequency value and press OK button. insert To lock/hide a specific channel, double click on the grid frequency panel. NOTE: keeping pressed the CTRL button on the keyboard and clicking the wanted channel/group shown on the frequencies grid, the tuning process is executed. It is equivalent to configure the Tuning in the Current Settings panel but it is easier. The device is re-tuned immediately, so be sure that the RF power is turned off while changing frequencies with other RF systems in use around you!
If the currently tuned channel is on the same group that is listed on the grid, the background color of the related cell (channel) on the grid becomes yellow. 13 MTH400 User Manual Using the LOAD/SAVE button, at the bottom of the panel, it is possible to load/save the frequencies for the selected group from/to a .wdf file. To save the frequencies of all the groups click to the related button above. The legacy option save the channels without the hidden/lock info. 14 PRESETS PANEL () MTH400 User Manual panel Preset The configurations. For each configuration it is possible to set the name and all the parameters value except for FACTORY and USER configurations (see table below). to manage available allows 10s the all PRESETS:
FACTORY USER OTHERS NAME*
LOCK/DONT CARE PARAMETERS VALUE
=change is allowed
* Be careful to write a meaningful name for the preset because the name will appear on the settings list of the device menu! Please, avoid empty names. If a parameter is locked, it cannot be modified by device menu (using OLED display), while if dont care propriety is active, when the user load the configuration, the parameters value doesnt changed. ATTENTION: Changes are applied only after a save action. NOTE: a trick In case of the user have a locked parameter and he is in great need for modify it, he can save the configuration to USER configuration by OLED (see PRESET menu) and then load the USER configuration (in this way all the parameters have the lock propriety disable and the user can modify all the parameters). FILE MENU Using a file menu at the top left of the panel it is possible to load/save all the configuration values of the device to/from a .wcf file (Wisycom Configuration File). Save a .wcf file With an infrared device correctly connected, select File->Save User Configuration and select the destination file. Load a .wcf file To load a user configuration select File->Load User Configuration and select a previously saved data file; a form will be shown, where it's possible to select which data has to be restored and which skipped. This allow the user to load a particular configuration while keeping other data. 15 MTH400 User Manual TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Switchable channels 2400 allocated by 40 groups of 60 channels (in specific frequency range), quickly selectable with dedicated buttons Switching window Up to 232 MHz, depending on band (see Variants on the next page) Frequencies Frequency stability Temperature range Max RF power Spurious emissions Modulation Nominal deviation Telemetry feature Quartz PLL frequency synthesizer circuit (25 kHz step) 2,5 ppm (in the rated temperature range)
-10 +55 C 10mW (ERP) (to respect some local norm) 20/50/100 mW (ERP) (note: in some countries middle power can be disabled, for local norm!)
< 2 nW wideband FM with pre-emphasis 40 kHz (Peak deviation = 56 kHz) MTH400 transmits also a digitally modulated sub-carrier, suitable for:
tone-squelch operating remote battery monitoring optional PTT (push to talk) operation AF input connection Directly interchangeable microphone-heads 60 dB adjustable range from -54 to +6 dBu at peak deviation (1 kHz), adjustable in 1 dB steps
+26 dBu 150 dB SPL (0,5% THD), with MCM301/MCM302/MCM303/MCM304/MCM305 condenser-heads ENR (Wisycom Extended-NR), with independent Attack- and Recovery-time, noise optimized ENC (Wisycom Extended-NC), with independent Attack- and Recovery-time, voice optimized & with reduced pre-emphasis 45 Hz 21 KHz (3dB) 55 Hz 20 KHz (1dB)
< 0.3 % (0.15 % typ.) typ. 115 dB (A)rms with 40kHz deviation typ. 121 dB (A)rms with 56kHz deviation Led indication with bicolor led (red & green) on wireless power switch:
Wireless transmission status: GREEN on/off Modulation peek (if activated): RED Battery lifetime status: GREEN
- steady (> 25%) - slowly blinking (< 25%) - quickly blinking (<12%) Ptt status: RED if active High contrast OLED (Organic light-emitting diode) display (96 x 36 pixels) 8 step battery lifetime indication: 7 bars (100%-87%-75%-63-50%-38%-25%) and empty bar quickly blinking (12% remaining) 2 AA size cell (Alkaline, rechargeable NiMH or Lithium) approx. 14 hours @ 10mW continuous working approx. 10 hours @ 50mW continuous working approx. 7 hours @ 100mW continuous working body max. diameter 33 mm (without microphone-head) total length 183 mm (without microphone-head) Approx. 300g, including battery and MCM3xx (condenser) mic-head ( approx. 260g batteries excluded) AF input level Max. input level Max sound pressure Noise-Reduction AF bandwidth Distortion Signal-to-noise ratio Led Display Power supply MTH400 Battery life
(2AA alkaline) Dimensions Weight 16 MTH400 User Manual Note: unit is mm POWER PROFILE & COUNTRY FREQUENCY RANGE:
EU max power 50mW (Europe) 0W1 / EUX max power 100mW (Europe) US max power 50mW, limited to 698MHz (USA & Canada) USX max power 100mW, limited to 698MHz (USA & Canada) US8 max power 100mW (USA) JP max power 10mW, limited to 714MHz (Japan) NZ max power 100mW, limited to the range 502698MHz (New Zealand) VARIANTS:
COLOR PV body color titanium gray (ceramic coating) BL body color black (powder coating) FREQUENCY RANGE B5 470-654 MHz B2 566-798 MHz B3 510-698 MHz B8 940-960 MHz For the commercial code, see in the Variants area of the Products on our website 17 MTH400 User Manual Compliance Model MTH400 MTH400-EU MTH400-0W1 MTH400-EUX MTH400-US MTH400-USX MTH400-US8 In Compliance with EN 301 489-1/-9 EN 600065 EN 300 422-1/-2 EN 301 489-1/-9 EN 600065 EN 300 422-1/-2 EN 300 454-1/-2 PART 74 FCC-ID: POUMTH400 RSS-123, RSS-102 IC: 11967A-MTH400 Limited to 698MHz PART 74 FCC-ID: POUMTH400USX RSS-123, RSS-102 IC: 11967A-MTH400USX Limited to 698MHz PART 74 FCC-ID: POUMTH400US8 Limited to 941.50-952.00MHz, 952.85-956.25MHz, 956.45-959.85MHz 202-LSC058 R Max Power Country 50mW 100mW*
Europe Europe 50mW USA, Canada 100mW USA, Canada 100mW USA MTH400-JP Limited to 714 MHz 10mW Japan MIC marking identifier can be found in the battery compartment. EN 300 422-1/-2 EN 300 454-1/-2 100mW New Zealand MTH400-NZ Limited to the range 502698MHz
* MTH400-0W1/MTH400-EUX is not an SRD device, it requires specific authorization by your local frequency authority! Note: The above technical specifications refer to the MTH 400 transmitter section. The acoustic specs are relevant to the microphone-head used. The MTH 400 transmitter complies with ETSI 300 422. Before putting the device into operation, please observe the respective country-specific regulations!
18 MTH400 User Manual MANUFACTURER DECLARATIONS In compliance with the following requirements RoHS Directive (2002/95/EC) WEEE Directive (2002/96/EC) Please dispose of the diversity transmitter at the end of its operational lifetime by taking it to your local collection point or recycling center for such equipment Battery Directive (2006/66/EC) The supplier batteries or rechargeable batteries can be recycled. Please dispose of them as special waste or return them to your specialist dealer. In order to protect the environment, only dispose of exhausted batteries. FCC Conformity This device complies with Part 74 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
(1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and
(2) This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operations. Changes or modification not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the users authority to operate the equipment. FCC ID can be found near the battery compartment (unscrew & slide down the cover). FCC ID: POUMTH400 option US FCC ID: POUMTH400USX option USX FCC ID: POUMTH400US8 option US8 19 MTH400 User Manual Industry Canada Conformity EN This device complies with Industry Canada RSS-123. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device. FR Le prsent appareil est conforme aux CNR dIndustrie Canada applicables aux appareils radio RSS-
123. Lexploitation est autorise aux deux conditions suivantes : (1) lappareil ne doit pas produire de brouillage, et (2) lutilisateur de lappareil doit accepter tout brouillage radiolectrique subi, mme si le brouillage est susceptible den compromettre le fonctionnement. ITALY ONLY Obblighi di informazione agli utilizzatori ai sensi dellart. 13 del Decreto Legislativo 25 luglio 2005, n. 151 Attuazione delle Direttive 2002/95/CE, 2002/96/CE e 2003/108/CE, relative alla riduzione delluso di sostanze pericolose nelle apparecchiature elettriche ed elettroniche, nonch allo smaltimento dei rifiuti Smaltimento di apparecchiature elettriche ed elettroniche di tipo professionale Il simbolo del cassonetto barrato riportato sullapparecchiatura o sulla sua confezione indica che il prodotto alla fine della propria vita utile deve essere raccolto separatamente dagli altri rifiuti. La raccolta differenziata della presente apparecchiatura giunta a fine vita organizzata e gestita dal produttore. Lutente che vorr disfarsi della presente apparecchiatura dovr quindi contattare il produttore e seguire il sistema che questo ha adottato per consentire la raccolta separata dellapparecchiatura giunta a fine vita. Ladeguata raccolta differenziata per lavvio successivo dellapparecchiatura dismessa al riciclaggio, al trattamento e allo smaltimento ambientalmente compatibile contribuisce ad evitare possibili effetti negativi sullambiente e sulla salute e favorisce il reimpiego e/o riciclo dei materiali di cui composta lapparecchiatura. Lo smaltimento abusivo del prodotto da parte del detentore comporta lapplicazione delle sanzioni am-
ministrative previste dalla normativa vigente. Smaltimento batterie usate Questo prodotto pu contenere batterie. Questo simbolo apposto sulle batterie significa che non possono essere smaltite insieme a normali rifiuti domestici, bens devono essere depositate negli appositi punti di raccolta delle batterie. Iscrizione al Registro A.E.E. n. IT09100000006319
. 20 DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY MTH400 User Manual 21 MTH400 User Manual 22 MTH400 User Manual 23 MTH400 User Manual Via Spin 156 I-36060 Romano dEzzelino Italy Tel. +39 -0424 -382605 Fax +39 - 0424 - 382733 www.wisycom.com e-mail: sales@wisycom.com 24