FCC ID: NOOUNS-EGSM-1 InterReach Unison EGSM

 

InterReach Unison TM Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 InterReach Unison TM Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 This manual is produced for use by LGC Wireless personnel, licensees, and customers. The information contained herein is the property of LGC Wireless. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without the express written permission of LGC Wireless. LGC Wireless reserves the right to make changes, without notice, to the specifications and materials contained herein, and shall not be responsible for any damages caused by reliance on the material as presented, including, but not limited to, typographical and listing errors. Your comments are welcome they help us improve our products and documentation. Please address your comments to LGC Wireless, Inc. corporate headquarters in San Jose, California:

Address Phone Fax Help Hot Line 2540 Junction Avenue San Jose, California 95134-1902 USA Attn: Marketing Dept. 1-408-952-2400 1-408-952-2410 1-800-530-9960 (U.S. only)

+1-408-952-2400 (International)

+44(0) 1223 597812 (Europe) Web Address http://www.lgcwireless.com e-mail info@lgcwireless.com service@lgcwireless.com Copyright 2001 by LGC Wireless, Inc. Printed in USA. All rights reserved. Trademarks All trademarks identified by or are trademarks or registered trademark of LGC Wireless, Inc. All other trademarks belong to their respective owners. InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 Limited Warranty Seller warrants articles of its manufacture against defective materials or workmanship for a period of one year from the date of shipment to Purchaser, except as provided in any warranty applicable to Purchaser on or in the package containing the Goods (which warranty takes precedence over the following warranty). The liability of Seller under the foregoing warranty is limited, at Sellers option, solely to repair or replacement with equivalent Goods, or an appropriate adjustment not to exceed the sales price to Purchaser, provided that (a) Seller is notified in writing by Purchaser, within the one year warranty period, promptly upon discovery of defects, with a detailed description of such defects, (b) Purchaser has obtained a Return Materials Authorization (RMA) from Seller, which RMA Seller agrees to provide Purchaser promptly upon request, (c) the defective Goods are returned to Seller, transportation and other applicable charges prepaid by the Purchaser, and (d) Sellers examination of such Goods discloses to its reasonable satisfaction that defects were not caused by negligence, misuse, improper installation, improper maintenance, accident or unauthorized repair or alteration or any other cause outside the scope of Purchasers warranty made hereunder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Seller shall have the option to repair any defective Goods at Purchasers facility. The original warranty period for any Goods that have been repaired or replaced by seller will not thereby be extended. In addition, all sales will be subject to standard terms and conditions on the sales contract. PN 8700-10 620003-0 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Table of Contents SECTION 1 General Information . 1-1

. 1-2

. 1-3

. 1-4

. 1-6

. 1-6 1.1 Purpose and Scope 1.2 Conventions in this Manual 1.3 Acronyms in this Manual 1.4 Standards Conformance 1.5 Related Publications SECTION 2 2.4.1 Configuring, Maintaining, and Monitoring Unison Locally 2.4.2 Monitoring and Maintaining Unison Remotely 2.4.3 Using Alarm Contact Closures InterReach Unison System Description . 2-1 2.1 System Overview . 2-1 2.2 System Hardware

. 2-3

. 2-4 2.3 System Software

. 2-5 2.4 System OA&M Capabilities

. 2-6

. 2-7

. 2-8

. 2-9

. 2-10

. 2-11

. 2-11

. 2-12

. 2-12

. 2-13 2.7.1 Physical Specifications 2.7.2 Environmental Specifications 2.7.3 Operating Frequencies 2.7.4 RF End-to-End Performance 2.5 System Connectivity 2.6 System Operation 2.7 System Specifications 3.1 Main Hub Front Panel SECTION 3 Unison Main Hub . 3-1

. 3-3

. 3-4

. 3-4

. 3-6

. 3-8

. 3-9 3.2.1.1 N-type Female Connectors . 3-9 3.1.1 Optical Fiber Uplink/Downlink Ports 3.1.2 Communications RS-232 Serial Connector 3.1.3 LED Indicators 3.2 Main Hub Rear Panel 3.2.1 Main Hub Rear Panel Connectors PN8700-10 620003-0 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual i PRELIMINARY 3.3 Faults and Warnings 3.4 Main Hub Specifications 3.2.1.2 9-pin D-sub Connector . 3-9

. 3-10

. 3-11 4.1 Expansion Hub Front Panel SECTION 4 Unison Expansion Hub . 4-1

. 4-3

. 4-4

. 4-4

. 4-5

. 4-7

. 4-8

. 4-9 4.1.1 RJ-45 Connectors 4.1.2 Optical Fiber Uplink/Downlink Connectors 4.1.3 LED Indicators 4.2 Expansion Hub Rear Panel 4.3 Faults and Warnings 4.4 Expansion Hub Specifications 5.1 Remote Access Unit Connectors SECTION 5 Unison Remote Access Unit . 5-1

. 5-3

. 5-3

. 5-3

. 5-3

. 5-4

. 5-5 5.1.1 SMA Connector 5.1.2 RJ-45 Port 5.2 LED Indicators 5.3 Faults and Warnings 5.4 Remote Access Unit Specifications SECTION 6 6.2 Safety Precautions 6.2.1 Installation Guidelines 6.2.2 General Safety Precautions 6.2.3 Fiber Port Safety Precautions 6.3 Preparing for System Installation 6.1.1 Component Location Requirements 6.1.2 Cable and Connector Requirements 6.1.3 Neutral Host System Requirements 6.1.4 Distance Requirements Installing Unison Components . 6-1

. 6-1 6.1 Installation Requirements

. 6-1

. 6-1

. 6-1

. 6-2

. 6-3

. 6-3

. 6-3

. 6-4

. 6-5

. 6-5

. 6-6

. 6-8

. 6-8

. 6-9

. 6-11 6.4.1.1 Installing RAUs in a Neutral Host System . 6-12

. 6-13 6.3.1 Pre-Installation Inspection 6.3.2 Installation Checklist 6.3.3 Tools and Materials Required 6.3.4 Optional Accessories 6.4 Unison Component Installation Procedures 6.4.1 Installing RAUs and Passive Antennas 6.4.2 Installing Expansion Hubs 6.4.2.1 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub LEDs During Installation . 6-18 6.4.2.2 Installing Expansion Hubs in a Neutral Host System . 6-18

. 6-19 6.4.3 Installing a Main Hub ii InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN8700-10 620003-0 SECTION 7 PRELIMINARY 6.4.4 Installing Main Hubs in a Neutral Host System . 6-20 6.5 Starting and Configuring the System . 6-21

. 6-24 6.5.1 Troubleshooting Main Hub LEDs During Installation 6.6 Interfacing a Main Hub to a Base Station or Roof-top Antenna 6.6.1 Connecting Multiple Main Hubs

. 6-26

. 6-30 6.7 Connecting Contact Alarms to a Unison System . 6-34

. 6-35

. 6-38 6.7.1 Alarm Source 6.7.2 Alarm Sense 7.2 Installation Wizard 7.2.1 Step 1: Verify Hardware 7.1.1 PC/Laptop Requirements 7.2.2 Step 2: Set Operation Band 7.2.3 Step 3: Configure System Parameters Installing and Using the AdminManager Software . 7-1

. 7-2 7.1 Installing the AdminManager Software

. 7-2

. 7-12

. 7-13 7.2.1.1 Description of Step 1 Panel . 7-14

. 7-15 7.2.2.1 Description of Step 2 Panel . 7-17

. 7-19 7.2.3.1 Description of Step 3 Panel . 7-20

. 7-21 7.2.4.1 Description of Step 4 Panel . 7-22

. 7-23 7.2.5.1 Description of Finish Panel . 7-23

. 7-24

. 7-25

. 7-28

. 7-33

. 7-37

. 7-38

. 7-38 7.3.1 Window Description 7.3.2 Options when Connected Locally 7.3.3 Read-Only Options when Connected Remotely 7.4 Upgrading Firmware 7.5 System Status Tree 7.3 Configuration & Maintenance Panel 7.2.4 Step 4: Final System Test 7.5.1 System Status Tree Icons 7.2.5 Finish Panel SECTION 8 Designing a Unison Solution . 8-1 8.1 Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU . 8-3 8.2 Estimating RF Coverage

. 8-19

. 8-20 8.2.1 Path Loss Equation

. 8-21 8.2.2 Coverage Distance 8.2.3 Examples of Design Estimates

. 8-27

. 8-31

. 8-31

. 8-32

. 8-33 8.3.1 System Gain (Loss) Relative to ScTP Cable Length 8.4 Link Budget Analysis 8.4.1 Elements of a Link Budget for Narrowband Standards 8.4.2 Narrowband Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell 8.3 System Gain Application

. 8-35 PN8700-10 620003-0 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual iii PRELIMINARY 8.4.3 Elements of a Link Budget for CDMA Standards 8.4.4 Spread Spectrum Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell

. 8-37 Application 8.4.5 Considerations for Re-Radiation (over-the-air) Systems 8.5 Optical Power Budget 8.6 Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station

. 8-40

. 8-44

. 8-45

. 8-47

. 8-48

. 8-49 8.6.2.1 Uplink Attenuation Exception: CDMA . 8-50 8.7 Designing for a Neutral Host System . 8-51 8.7.1 Capacity of the Unison Neutral Host System . 8-51 8.7.2 Example Unison Neutral Host System . 8-52 8.6.1 Attenuation 8.6.2 Uplink Attenuation SECTION 9 Replacing Unison Components in an Operating System . 9-1 9.1 Replacing an RAU . 9-1 9.2 Replacing an Expansion Hub

. 9-3

. 9-4 9.3 Replacing a Main Hub SECTION 10 Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance . 10-1

. 10-1 10.1 Maintenance

. 10-2 10.2 Troubleshooting

. 10-3

. 10-8

. 10-10

. 10-

10.3.1 Troubleshooting Main Hub LEDs During Normal Operation 10.2.1 Fault Indications 10.2.2 Warning Indications 10.3 LED Troubleshooting Guide 11 10.3.2 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub LEDs During Normal Operation 10.4 Technical Assistance

. 10-12

. 10-14 APPENDIX A Cables and Connectors . A-1

. A-1

. A-3

. A-3 A.1 Cat-5/6 Cable (ScTP) A.2 Fiber Optical Cables A.3 Coaxial Cable APPENDIX B Compliance . B-1

. C-1

. C-2 B.1 Safety Requirements B.2 Radio/EMC Requirements APPENDIX C Glossary . C-1 iv InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY List of Figures Figure 2-1 OA&M Communications

. 2-5 Figure 2-2 Local System Monitoring and Reporting

. 2-6 Figure 2-3 Remote System Monitoring and Reporting

. 2-7 Figure 2-4 Unisons Double Star Architecture

. 2-9 Figure 3-1 Main Hub in a Unison System . 3-1 Figure 3-2 Main Hub Block Diagram . 3-2 Figure 3-3 Main Hub Front Panel

. 3-3 Figure 3-4 Standard Serial Cable Pinout

. 3-4

. 3-5 Figure 3-5 Null Modem Cable Pinout Figure 3-6 Main Hub Rear Panel

. 3-8 Figure 4-1 Expansion Hub in a Unison System . 4-1 Figure 4-2 Expansion Hub Block Diagram . 4-2 Figure 4-3 Expansion Hub Front Panel

. 4-3

. 4-7 Figure 4-4 Expansion Hub Rear Panel Figure 5-1 Remote Access Unit in a Unison System . 5-1 Figure 5-2 Remote Access Unit Block Diagram . 5-2

. 6-27 Figure 6-1 Simplex Base Station to a Main Hub Figure 6-2 Duplex Base Station to a Main Hub

. 6-28

. 6-29 Figure 6-3 Connecting a Main Hub to Multiple Base Stations

. 6-30 Figure 6-4 Connecting Two Main Hubs to a Simplex Repeater or Base Station Figure 6-5 Connecting Two Main Hubs to a Duplex Repeater or Base Station

. 6-31

. 6-35 Figure 6-6 Connecting MetroReach to Unison

. 6-36 Figure 6-7 Connecting a BTS to Unison

. 6-37 Figure 6-8 Daisy-Chained Alarm Source Cable Figure 6-9 Connecting LGCell to Unison

. 6-38

. 6-39 Figure 6-10 Alarm Sense Adaptor Figure 7-1 PC Connected to Main Hub

. 7-1 Figure 7-2 AdminManager Start Window . 7-10 Figure 7-3 Step 1: Verify Hardware Panel

. 7-13 PN8700-10 620003-0 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual v PRELIMINARY

. 7-15 Figure 7-4 Step 2: Set Operation Band

. 7-19 Figure 7-5 Step 3: Configure System Parameters

. 7-21 Figure 7-6 Step 4: Final System Test Figure 7-7 Finish Panel

. 7-23 Figure 7-8 Configuration & Maintenance Window . 7-24 Figure 7-9 Firmware Update Window . 7-37 Figure 8-1 Determining Path Loss between the Antenna and the Wireless Device 8-19

. 8-45 Figure 1

. 8-47 Figure 8-2 Connecting Main Hubs to a Simplex Base Station Figure 8-3 Main Hub to Duplex Base Station or Repeater Connections

. 8-48

. A-2 Figure A-1 Wiring Map for Cat-5/6 Cable Losses to be Included in Optical Power Budget vi InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY List of Tables Cellular RF End-to-End Performance iDEN RF End-to-End Performance GSM RF End-to-End Performance EGSM RF End-to-End Performance DCS RF End-to-End Performance PCS RF End-to-End Performance Table 2-1 Table 2-2 Table 2-3 Table 2-4 Table 2-5 Table 2-6 Table 2-7 W-CDMA RF End-to-End Performance Table 3-1 Main Hub Status LED States Table 3-2 Main Hub Port LED States Table 3-3 Main Hub Specifications Table 4-1 Table 4-2 Table 4-3 Table 5-1 Table 5-2 Table 6-1 Table 6-2 Table 6-3 Table 6-4 Table 6-5 Table 6-6 Table 7-1 Table 7-2 Table 7-3 Table 8-1 Table 8-2 Table 8-3 Table 8-4 Table 8-5

. 2-13

. 2-13

. 2-14

. 2-14

. 2-15

. 2-15

. 2-16

. 3-6

. 3-7

. 3-11

. 4-5

. 4-6

. 4-9

. 5-3

. 5-5

. 6-2

. 6-6

. 6-8

. 6-8

. 6-18

. 6-24

. 7-25

. 7-30

. 7-38

. 8-4

. 8-5

. 8-6

. 8-7

. 8-8 Expansion Hub Unit Status and DL/UL Status LED States Expansion Hub Port LED States Expansion Hub Specifications Remote Access Unit LED States Remote Access Unit Specifications Unison Distance Requirements Installation Checklist Tools and Materials Required for Component Installation Optional Accessories for Component Installation Troubleshooting Expansion Hub LEDs During Installation Troubleshooting Main Hub LEDs During Installation Power On Configuration and Maintenance Window Options Frequency Bands Adjacent to System Configured Bands System Status Tree Icons 800 MHz (AMPS) Power per Carrier 800 MHz (TDMA) Power per Carrier 800 MHz (CDMA) Power per Carrier 800 MHz (iDEN) Power per Carrier 900 MHz (GSM or EGSM) Power per Carrier PN8700-10 620003-0 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual vii PRELIMINARY 900 MHz (EDGE) Power per Carrier 1800 MHz (GSM) Power per Carrier 1800 MHz (EDGE) Power per Carrier 1800 MHz (CDMA Korea) Power per Carrier 1900 MHz (TDMA) Power per Carrier 1900 MHz (GSM) Power per Carrier 1900 MHz (CDMA) Power per Carrier 1900 MHz (EDGE) Power per Carrier 2.1 GHz (WCDMA) Power per Carrier Table 8-6 Table 8-7 Table 8-8 Table 8-9 Table 8-10 Table 8-11 Table 8-12 Table 8-13 Table 8-14 Table 8-15 Coaxial Cable Losses Table 8-16 Average Signal Loss of Common Building Materials Table 8-17 Estimated Path Loss Slope for Different In-Building Environments Table 8-18 Frequency Bands and the Value of the first Term in Equation (3) Table 8-19 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna

. 8-9

. 8-10

. 8-11

. 8-12

. 8-13

. 8-14

. 8-15

. 8-16

. 8-17

. 8-19

. 8-20

. 8-21

. 8-22 for 800 MHz Cellular Applications

. 8-23 Table 8-20 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 800 MHz iDEN Applications

. 8-23 Table 8-21 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 900 MHz GSM Applications

. 8-24 Table 8-22 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 900 MHz EGSM Applications

. 8-24 Table 8-23 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 1800 MHz DCS Applications

. 8-25 Table 8-24 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 1800 MHz CDMA (Korea) Applications

. 8-25 Table 8-25 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 1900 MHz PCS Applications

. 8-26 Table 8-26 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 2.1 GHz UMTS Applications Table 8-27 System Gain (Loss) Relative to ScTP Cable Length Table 8-28 Link Budget Considerations for Narrowband Systems Table 8-29 Distribution of Power within a CDMA Signal Table 8-30 Additional Link Budget Considerations for CDMA Systems Table 10-1 Main Hub Faults Table 10-2 Expansion Hub Faults Table 10-3 Remote Access Unit Faults Table 10-4 Main Hub Warnings Table 10-5 Expansion Hub Warnings Table 10-6 Remote Access Unit Warnings Table 10-7 Troubleshooting Main Hub Port LEDs During Normal Operation Table 10-8 Troubleshooting Main Hub Status LEDs During Normal Operation

. 8-26

. 8-31

. 8-33

. 8-37

. 8-38

. 10-3

. 10-5

. 10-7

. 10-8

. 10-9

. 10-9

. 10-11 10-11 viii InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Table 10-9 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub Port LEDs During Normal Operation

. 10-12 Table 10-10 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub Status LEDs During Normal Table A-1 Operation Cat-5/6 Twisted Pair Assignment

. 10-13

. A-1 PN8700-10 620003-0 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual ix PRELIMINARY x InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY SECTION 1 General Information This section contains the following subsections:

Section 1.1 Purpose and Scope . 1-2

Section 1.2 Conventions in this Manual . 1-3

Section 1.3 Acronyms in this Manual . 1-4

Section 1.4 Standards Conformance . 1-6

Section 1.5 Related Publications . 1-6 PN 8700-10 620003-0 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual 1-1 General Information PRELIMINARY 1.1 Purpose and Scope This document describes the InterReachTM Unison system components and the AdminManager software. Included is information for the installation, operation, and maintenance of the system. Also included is information about how to use the AdminManager software to install and configure the Unison system, as well as to per-

form other tasks such as change gain settings and check system status. 1-2 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Conventions in this Manual 1.2 Conventions in this Manual The following table lists the type style conventions used in this manual. Convention bold BOLD CAPS SMALL CAPS Description Used for emphasis Used to indicate labels on equipment Used to highlight software window buttons Measurements are listed first in metric units, followed by U.S. Customary System of units in parentheses. For example:

0 to 45C (32 to 113F) The following symbols are used to highlight certain information as described. NOTE: This format is used to emphasize text with special significance or importance, and to provide supplemental information. CAUTION: This format is used when a given action or omitted action can cause or contribute to a hazardous condition. Damage to the equipment can occur. WARNING: This format is used when a given action or omitted action can result in catastrophic damage to the equipment or cause injury to the user. Procedure This format is used to highlight a procedure. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 1-3 General Information PRELIMINARY 1.3 Acronyms in this Manual Acronym AGC ALC AMPS BTS Cat-5/6 CDMA CDPD dB dBm DC DCS DL EDGE EGSM EH GHz GPRS GSM Hz IF iDEN LAN LO mA MBS MH MHz MMF MTBF NF nm OA&M Definition automatic gain control automatic level control Advanced Mobile Phone Service base transceiver station Category 5 or Category 6 (twisted pair cable) code division multiple access cellular digital packet data decibel decibels relative to 1 milliwatt direct current Digital Communications System downlink Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution Extended Global Standard for Mobile Communications Expansion Hub gigahertz General Packet Radio Service Groupe Speciale Mobile (now translated in English as Global Standard for Mobile Communications) hertz intermediate frequency Integrated Digital Enhanced Network (Motorola variant of TDMA wireless) local area network local oscillator milliamps microcellular base station Main Hub megahertz multi-mode fiber mean time between failures noise figure nanometer operation, administration, and maintenance 1-4 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Acronyms in this Manual Acronym PCS PLL PLS RAU RF RSSI SC/APC SMA SMF ST ScTP TDMA UL uW UMTS UPS W W-CDMA Definition Personal Communication Services phase-locked loop path loss slope Remote Access Unit radio frequency received signal strength indicator fiber optic connector complying with NTT SC standard, angle-polished sub-miniature A connector (coaxial cable connector type) single-mode fiber straight tip (fiber optic cable connector type) screened twisted pair time division multiple access uplink; Underwriters Laboratories microwatts Universal Mobile Telecommunications System uninterruptable power supply watt wideband code division multiple access PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 1-5 General Information PRELIMINARY 1.4 Standards Conformance

Utilizes the TIA/EIA 568-A Ethernet cabling standards for ease of installation

(see Appendix B).

See Appendix B for compliance information. 1.5 Related Publications

MetroReach Focus Configuration, Installation, and Reference Manual; LGC Wireless part number 8500-10

LGCell Version 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual; LGC Wireless part number 8100-50

OpsConsole User Guide; LGC Wireless part number 8701-10

ARM2000 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual; LGC Wireless part number 8305-10

LGC Wireless Accessories Catalog; LGC Wireless part number 8600-10

Neutral Host System Planning Guide; LGC Wireless part number 9000-10 1-6 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY SECTION 2 InterReach Unison System Description 2.1 System Overview InterReach Unison is an intelligent fiber optic wireless networking system that is designed to handle both wireless voice and data communications and provide high-quality, ubiquitous, seamless access to the Cellular or Personal Communications Services (PCS) network in any public or private facility, including:

Campus environments

Airports

Office buildings

Shopping Malls

Hospitals

Public Facilities (convention centers, sports venues, etc.) Unlike other wireless distribution alternatives, Unison is an intelligent active system, using microprocessors to enable key capabilities such as software-selectable band set-

tings, automatic gain control, ability to incrementally adjust downlink/uplink gain, end-to-end alarming of all components and the associated cable infrastructure, and a host of additional capabilities. The Unison system supports major Cellular/PCS standards and air interface protocols in use around the world, including:

Frequencies: 800 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, 1900 MHz, 2100 MHz

Protocols: AMPS, TDMA, CDMA, DCS, GSM, EGSM, iDEN, CDPD, EDGE, GPRS, WCDMA PN 8700-10 620003-0 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual 2-1 InterReach Unison System Description PRELIMINARY Key System Features

Superior RF performance, particularly in the areas of IP3 and noise figure.

High downlink composite power (+26 dBm), IP3 (+38 dBm) and low uplink noise figure (22 dB for a system with 8 RAUs), enables support of a large number of channels and larger coverage footprint per antenna.

The Main Hub and the Expansion Hub are software configurable. Thus, the fre-

quency band can be field configured.

The system supports flexible cabling alternatives, allowing the use of either mul-

timode or single-mode fiber (in addition to standard Cat-5 or Cat-6 [Cat-5/6]

twisted pair). Cabling type can be selected to meet the resident cabling infrastruc-

ture of the facility and unique building topologies.

Extended system reach. Using multimode fiber, fiber runs can be as long as 1.5 kilometers. Alternately, with single mode fiber the fiber run can be as long as 6 kilometers (creating a total system wingspan of 12 kilometers). And the Cat-5/6 twisted pair cable run can be up to 100 meters recommended maximum

(150 meters with RF performance degradation).

Flexible RF configuration capabilities, including:

System gain:

Ability to manually set gain in 1 dB steps on both downlink and uplink.

RAU:

RAU uplink and downlink gain can be attenuated 10 dB. Uplink level control protects the system from input overload and can be optimized for either a single operator or multi-operators/protocols. VSWR check on RAU reports if there is a problem with the antenna.

The system firmware effectively future proofs the product. When any modi-

fications are made to the product, including the addition of new software capabili-

ties/services, systems that have already been installed can be upgraded simply by downloading new firmware (either locally or remotely).

Extensive OA&M capabilities, including fault isolation to the field replaceable unit, automatic reporting of all warnings and alarms, and user-friendly graphi-

cal-user interface OA&M software packages. 2-2 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY System Hardware 2.2 System Hardware The InterReach Unison system consists of three modular components:

19" rack-mountable Main Hub (connects to up to 4 Expansion Hubs)

Converts RF signals to optical on the downlink; optical to RF on the uplink

Microprocessor controlled (for alarms, monitoring, and control)

Software configurable band

Simplex interface to any RF source

System master periodically polls all downstream units (Expansion Hubs/RAUs) for system status, and automatically reports any warnings/alarms

19" rack-mountable Expansion Hub (connects to up to 8 Remote Access Units)

Converts optical signals to electrical on the downlink and electrical signals to optical on the uplink

Microprocessor controlled (for alarms, monitoring, and control)

Software configurable band (based on command from Main Hub)

Supplies DC power to RAU

Remote Access Unit (RAU)

Converts electrical signals to RF on the downlink; RF to electrical on the uplink

Microprocessor controlled (for alarms, monitoring, and control)

Protocol/band specific units The minimum configuration of a Unison system is one Main Hub, one Expansion Hub, and one RAU (1-1-1). The maximum configuration of a system is one Main Hub, four Expansion Hubs, and 32 RAUs (1-4-32). Multiple systems can be com-

bined to provide larger configurations. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-3 InterReach Unison System Description PRELIMINARY 2.3 System Software The AdminManager software runs on a Laptop PC which is either directly connected to the DB-9 RS-232 male connector on the Main Hubs front panel or is remotely communicating through a modem that is connected to the DB-9 connector on the Main Hubs rear panel. The AdminManager communicates with one Main Hub, and its downstream units, at a time.

Connected locally, you can access the Installation Wizard which lets you configure a newly installed system, or access the Configuration Panel which lets you query system status, configure a newly added or swapped unit, or change system parame-

ters.

Connected remotely, AdminManager initiates communications with the Main Hub. You can access a read-only Configuration Panel which lets you check system status to help you determine if an on-site visit is required. Refer to Section 7 for information about installing and using the AdminManager soft-

ware. Alternately, an LGC Wireless OA&M software application called the OpsConsole is available separately. The OpsConsole lets you manage, monitor, and maintain multi-

ple sites and systems from a centralized location. This software is described in a sep-

arate LGC document (part number 8701-10). 2-4 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY System OA&M Capabilities 2.4 System OA&M Capabilities The InterReach Unison is microprocessor controlled and contains firmware which enables much of the OA&M functionality. Complete alarming, down to the field replaceable unit (i.e., Main Hub, Expansion Hub, Remote Access Unit) and the cabling infrastructure, is available. All events occurring in a system, defined as a Main Hub and all of its associated Expansion Hubs and Remote Access Units, are automatically reported to the Main Hub. The Main Hub monitors system status and communicates that status using the following methods:

Normally closed (NC) alarm contact closures can be tied to standard NC alarm monitoring systems or directly to a base station for alarm monitoring.

The Main Hubs front panel serial port connects directly to a PC (for local access) or to a modem (for remote access). Figure 2-1 OA&M Communications AdminManager can only initiate communications with a remotely installed system; it cannot receive modem calls. Use the OpsConsole for monitoring and receiving communications from remotely installed systems. PC/Laptop running AdminManager Or OpsConsole RS-232 RS-232 Ethernet Modem TCP/IP ENET/232 Converter RS-232 Main Hub Main Hub Main Hub RS-232 SC/APC Fiber SC/APC Expansion Hub RJ-45 Cat-5/6 RJ-45 Remote Access Unit PSTN Modem Main Hub PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-5 InterReach Unison System Description PRELIMINARY 2.4.1 Configuring, Maintaining, and Monitoring Unison Locally Each Main Hub, Expansion Hub, and RAU in the system constantly monitors itself and its downstream units for internal fault and warning conditions. The results of the monitoring are stored in memory and compared against new results. The Expansion Hubs monitor their RAUs and store their status in memory. The Main Hub monitors its Expansion Hubs and stores their status and the status of the RAUs in its memory. When a unit detects a change in status, a fault or warning is reported. Faults are indicated locally by red status LEDs, and faults and warnings are reported to the Main Hub and displayed on a PC/laptop, via the Main Hubs serial port, that is running the AdminManager software. Using AdminManager locally, you can install a new system or new components, change system parameters, and query system status. The following figure illustrates how the system reports its status to AdminManager. Figure 2-2 Local System Monitoring and Reporting The Main Hub checks its own status and polls each of its Expansion Hubs for their status, which includes RAU status. Main Hub The Expansion Hub checks its own status and polls each of its RAUs for their status. PC/Laptop running AdminManager Use the Admin-

Manager to query units for their status or get current warn-

ing and alarm con-

ditions. The Main Hub receives status of the Expansion Hubs and each of their RAUs, and compares it to previously stored status.

LEDs on the front panel of the Main Hub light red if a fault is detected in any unit.

If a fault or warning condi-

tion is detected in any unit, the Main Hub reports it to the AdminManager. Expansion Hub The Expansion Hub receives status from each of its RAUs and compares it to previously stored status.

LEDs on the front panel of the Expansion Hub light red if a fault is detected in itself or an RAU.

If a fault or warning condition is detected in the Expansion Hub or an RAU, the information is passed to the Main Hub. RAU RAU Each RAU reports its status to the Expansion Hub.

If a fault is detected, the ALARM LED is red. If no fault is detected, the LED is green.

If a fault or warning condition is detected, the information is passed to the Expansion Hub. 2-6 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Monitoring and Maintaining Unison Remotely 2.4.2 Monitoring and Maintaining Unison Remotely When monitoring the system remotely, any change of state within the system causes the Main Hub to initiate an automatic call-out and report the system status to the OpsConsole. If the host does not acknowledge the connection, the Main Hub issues an automatic call-out every 15 minutes until an auto acknowledge or standard request for status (initiated by the host) is received. You can use AdminManager to query system status via a read-only Configuration &

Maintenance panel. You cannot change system parameters or configure system com-

ponents remotely with AdminManager. (Refer to Figure 2-1 on page 2-5.) The following figure illustrates how the system reports its status to the OpsConsole. Figure 2-3 Remote System Monitoring and Reporting The Main Hub checks its own status and polls each of its Expansion Hubs for their status, which includes RAU status. Modem Main Hub The Expansion Hub checks its own status and polls each of its RAUs for their status. PSTN Modem PC running OpsConsole Use the OpsConsole to remotely monitor and maintain the system. The Main Hub receives status of Expansion Hub and each RAU and com-

pares it to previously stored status.

If a fault is detected, LEDs on the front panel light red.

If a fault or warning con-

dition is detected in any unit, the Main Hub ini-

tiates a call to the OpsConsole. Expansion Hub The Expansion Hub receives status from each RAU and compares it to previously stored status.

If a fault is detected, LEDs on the front panel light red.

If a fault or warning condition is detected in the Expansion Hub or an RAU, the informa-

tion is passed to the Main Hub. RAU RAU Each RAU reports its status to the Expansion Hub.

If a fault is detected, the ALARM LED is red. If no fault is detected, the LED is green.

If a fault or warning condition is detected, the information is passed to the Expansion Hub. Refer to the OpsConsole User Guide, LGC Wireless part number 8701-10, for more information about using the OpsConsole for system monitoring. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-7 InterReach Unison System Description PRELIMINARY 2.4.3 Using Alarm Contact Closures The DB-9 female connector on the rear panel of the Main Hub can be connected to a local base station or to a daisy-chained series of Unison, LGCell, and/or MetroReach Focus systems.

When you connect MetroReach Focus or a BTS to Unison, the Unison Main Hub is the output of the alarms (alarm source) and Focus is the input (alarm sense).

When you connect LGCell to Unison, the Unison Main Hub is the input of the alarms (alarm sense) and the LGCell is the output (alarm source). Refer to Section 6.7 on page 6-34 for information on how to connect other equipment to a Unison system for monitoring. 2-8 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY System Connectivity 2.5 System Connectivity The double star architecture of the Unison system, illustrated in the following figure, provides excellent system scalability and reliability. The system requires only one pair of fiber for 8 antenna points. This makes any system expansion, such as adding an extra antenna for additional coverage, potentially as easy as pulling an extra twisted pair (instead of pulling additional fiber). Figure 2-4 Unisons Double Star Architecture PORT 1 PORT 2 PORT 3 PORT 4 RS-232 Main Hub Fiber Expansion Hub Expansion Hub Expansion Hub Expansion Hub Cat-5/6 RAU Cat-5/6 RAU Cat-5/6 RAU up to 8 RAUs per Expansion Hub PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-9 InterReach Unison System Description PRELIMINARY 2.6 System Operation

Downlink (Base Station to Wireless Devices) The Main Hub receives downlink RF signals from a base station via coaxial cable Main Hub The Main Hub converts the RF signals to IF, then to optical signals and sends them to Expansion Hubs (up to four) via optical fiber cable. Expansion Hub The Expansion Hub converts the optical sig-

nals to electrical signals and sends them to RAUs (up to eight) via Cat-5/6 cable. RAU The RAU converts the IF signals to RF and sends them to passive antennas via coaxial cable.

Uplink (Wireless Devices to Base Station) Expansion Hub Main Hub The Main Hub sends uplink RF signals to a base station via coaxial cable The Main Hub receives the optical signals from the Expansion Hubs (up to four) via optical fiber cables and converts them to RF signals. The Expansion Hub receives the IF signals from the RAUs (up to eight) via Cat-5/6 cables and converts them to optical signals. RAU The RAU receives uplink RF signals from the passive antenna via coaxial cable and converts them to IF signals. 2-10 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY System Specifications 2.7 System Specifications 2.7.1 Physical Specifications Parameter RF Connectors Main Hub 2 N-type, female External Alarm Connector

(contact closure) Serial Interface Connector Fiber Connectors LED Alarm and Status Indicators 1 9-pin D-sub, female 1 9-pin D-sub, male 4 Pair, SC/APC Unit Status (1 pair):

Power

Main Hub Status Downstream Unit Status

(1 pair per fiber port):

Link

E-Hub/RAU AC Power (Volts) Rating: 100240V, 0.5A, 5060 Hz Operating Range: 85250V, 2.40.8A, 4763 Hz DC Power (Volts) Power Consumption (W) Enclosure Dimensions*

(height width depth) Weight MTBF 30 44.5 mm 438 mm 305 mm

(1.75 in. 17.25 in. 12 in.)

< 3 kg

(< 6.5 lb) 106,272 hours

*Excluding angle-brackets for 19'' rack mounting of hubs. Expansion Hub 8 shielded RJ-45, female

(Cat-5/6) Remote Antenna Unit 1 RJ-45, female (Cat-5/6) 1 SMA, male (coaxial) 1 Pair, SC/APC Unit Status (1 pair):

Power

E-Hub Status Fiber Link Status (1 pair):

DL Status

UL Status RAU/Link Status

(1 pair per RJ-45 port):

Link

RAU Rating: 115/230V, 5/2.5A, 5060 Hz Operating Range:

90132V/170250V auto-ranging, 2.21.5A/1.20.8A, 4763 Hz 260 (includes 8 RAUs) 89 mm 438 mm 305 mm

(3.5 in. 17.25 in. 12 in.)

< 5 kg

(< 11 lb) 78,998 hours Unit Status (1 pair):

Link

Alarm 36V 11 44 mm 305 mm 158 mm

(1.7 in. 12 in. 6.2 in.)

< 1 kg

(< 2 lb) 282,207 hours PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-11 InterReach Unison System Description PRELIMINARY 2.7.2 Environmental Specifications Parameter Operating Temperature Non-operating Temperature Operating Humidity; non-condensing Main Hub and Expansion Hub 0 to +45C (+32 to +113F) 20 to +85C (4 to +185F) 5% to 95%

RAU 25 to +45C (13 to +113F) 25 to +85C (13 to +185F) 5% to 95%

2.7.3 Operating Frequencies Freq. Band PCS PCS PCS PCS PCS DCS DCS DCS Cellular iDEN EGSM GSM UMTS UMTS UMTS Unison Band PCS1 PCS2 PCS3 PCS4 PCS5 DCS1 DCS2 DCS3 CELL iDEN EGSM GSM UMTS1 UMTS2 UMTS3 Description A & D Band D & B Band B & E Band E & F Band F & C Band DCS1 Band DCS2 Band DCS3 Band RF Passband Downlink (MHz) Uplink (MHz) 19301950 19451965 19501970 19651975 19701990 18051842.5 1842.51880 18401875 869894 851869 925960 935960 21102145 21252160 21352170 18501870 18651885 18701890 18851895 18901910 17101747.5 1747.51785 17451780 824849 806824 880915 890915 19201955 19351970 19451980 2-12 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY RF End-to-End Performance 2.7.4 RF End-to-End Performance Table 2-1 Cellular RF End-to-End Performance Parameter Average gain with 75 m Cat-5/6 at 25C (77F)*

Uplink Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/6 Downlink Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/6 Output IP3 Input IP3 Output 1 dB Compression Point AMPS output power per carrier when 30 carriers are present TDMA output power per carrier when 16 carriers are present CDMA output power per carrier when 6 carriers are present Noise Figure 1 MH-1 EH-8 RAUs Noise Figure 1 MH-4 EHs-32 RAUs Typical 15 dB 3 dB 2 dB 38 dBm 16 dBm 26 dBm 0.7 dBm 4.0 dBm 7.8 dBm 16 dB 22 dB

*System output gain: 0 to 15 dB, adjustable in 1 dB steps. The gain of individual RAUs can be attenuated 0 to 10 dB, adjustable in one step. For two tones into one RAU, IP3 higher in other circumstances. Table 2-2 iDEN RF End-to-End Performance Parameter Average gain with 75 m Cat-5/6 at 25C (77F)*

Uplink Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/6 Downlink Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/6 Output IP3 Input IP3 Output 1 dB Compression Point Output power per carrier when 6 carriers are present Noise Figure 1 MH-1 EH-8 RAUs Noise Figure 1 MH-4 EHs-32 RAUs Typical 15 dB 3 dB 2 dB 38 dBm 16 dBm 26 dBm 6.4 dBm 17 dB 23 dB

*System output gain: 0 to 15 dB, adjustable in 1 dB steps. The gain of individual RAUs can be attenuated 0 to 10 dB, adjustable in one step. Link Link DL

DL

UL

UL

PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-13 InterReach Unison System Description PRELIMINARY Table 2-3 GSM RF End-to-End Performance Parameter Average gain with 75 m Cat-5/6 at 25C (77F)*

Uplink Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/6 Downlink Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/6 Output IP3 Input IP3 Output 1 dB Compression Point GSM output power per carrier when 12 carriers are present Noise Figure 1 MH-1 EH-8 RAUs Noise Figure 1 MH-4 EHs-32 RAUs Typical 15 dB 3 dB 2 dB 38 dBm 16 dBm 26 dBm 5.0 dBm 17 dB 23 dB

*System output gain: 0 to 15 dB, adjustable in 1 dB steps. The gain of individual RAUs can be attenuated 0 to 10 dB, adjustable in one step. Table 2-4 EGSM RF End-to-End Performance Parameter Average gain with 75 m Cat-5/6 at 25C (77F) *

Uplink Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/6 Downlink Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/6 Output IP3 Input IP3 Output 1 dB Compression Point GSM output power per carrier when 12 carriers are present Noise Figure 1 MH-1 EH-8 RAUs Noise Figure 1 MH-4 EHs-32 RAUs Typical 15 dB 3 dB 3 dB 38 dBm 16 dBm 26 dBm 5.0 dBm 16 dB 22 dB

*System output gain: 0 to 15 dB, adjustable in 1 dB steps. The gain of individual RAUs can be attenuated 0 to 10 dB, adjustable in one step. Link Link DL

DL

UL

UL

2-14 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY RF End-to-End Performance Table 2-5 DCS RF End-to-End Performance Parameter Average gain with 75 m Cat-5/6 at 25C (77F)*

Uplink Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/6 Downlink Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/6 Output IP3 Input IP3 Output 1 dB Compression Point GSM output power per carrier when 16 carriers are present Noise Figure 1 MH-1 EH-8 RAUs Noise Figure 1 MH-4 EHs-32 RAUs Typical 15 dB 5.5 dB 3 dB 36.5 dBm 16 dBm 24.5 dBm 5.0 dBm 17 dB 23 dB

*System output gain: 0 to 15 dB, adjustable in 1 dB steps. The gain of individual RAUs can be attenuated 0 to 10 dB, adjustable in one step. Table 2-6 PCS RF End-to-End Performance Parameter Average gain with 75 m Cat-5/6 at 25C (77F)*

Uplink Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/6 Downlink Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/6 Output IP3 Input IP3 Output 1 dB Compression Point TDMA output power per carrier when 16 carriers are present GSM output power per carrier when 16 carriers are present CDMA output power per carrier when 8 carriers are present Noise Figure 1 MH-1 EH-8 RAUs Noise Figure 1 MH-4 EHs-32 RAUs Typical 15 dB 3 dB 3 dB 36.5 dBm 16 dBm 24.5 dBm 4.0 dBm 4.2 dBm 7.8 dBm 16 dB 22 dB

*System output gain: 0 to 15 dB, adjustable in 1 dB steps. The gain of individual RAUs can be attenuated 0 to 10 dB, adjustable in one step. Link DL

Link DL

UL

UL

PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-15 InterReach Unison System Description PRELIMINARY Table 2-7 W-CDMA RF End-to-End Performance Parameter Average gain with 75 m Cat-5/6 at 25C (77F) *

Uplink Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/6 Downlink Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/6 Output IP3 Input IP3 Output 1 dB Compression Point Output power per carrier when 7 carriers are present Noise Figure 1 MH-1 EH-8 RAUs Noise Figure 1 MH-4 EHs-32 RAUs Link DL

UL

Typical 15 dB 3 dB 3 dB 36.5 dBm 12 dBm 26 dBm TBD 16 dB 22 dB

*System output gain: 0 to 15 dB, adjustable in 1 dB steps. The gain of individual RAUs can be attenuated 0 to 10 dB, adjustable in one step. 2-16 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY SECTION 3 Unison Main Hub The Main Hub distributes downlink RF signals from a base station, repeater, or MetroReach Focus system to up to four Expansion Hubs, which in turn distribute the signals to up to 32 Remote Access Units. The Main Hub also combines uplink signals from the Expansion Hubs for a base station or MetroReach Focus system. Figure 3-1 Main Hub in a Unison System Downlink Path: The Main Hub receives downlink RF signals from a base station, repeater, or MetroReach Focus system via coaxial cable. It converts the signals to optical and sends them to up to four Expansion Hubs via fiber optic cables. The Main Hub also sends OA&M communication to the Expansion Hubs via the fiber optic cable. The Expansion Hubs, in turn, communicate the OA&M information to the RAUs via Cat-5/6 cable. Downlink to Main Hub Downlink from Main Hub Unison Main Hub Unison Expansion Hub RAU Uplink from Main Hub Uplink to Main Hub Uplink Path: The Main Hub receives uplink optical signals from up to four Expansion Hubs via fiber optic cables. It converts the signals to RF and sends them to a base station, repeater, or MetroReach Focus system via coaxial cable. The Main Hub also receives status information from the Expansion Hubs and all RAUs via the fiber optic cable. PN 8700-10 620003-0 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual 3-1 Unison Main Hub PRELIMINARY Figure 3-2 Main Hub Block Diagram 3-2 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Main Hub Front Panel 3.1 Main Hub Front Panel Figure 3-3 Main Hub Front Panel 1 2 3 4 1. Four fiber optic ports (labeled PORT 1, PORT 2, PORT 3, PORT 4)

One standard female SC/APC connector per port for MMF/SMF input (labeled UPLINK)

One standard female SC/APC connector per port for MMF/SMF output

(labeled DOWNLINK) 2. Four sets of fiber port LEDs (one set per port)

One LED per port for port link status (labeled LINK)

One LED per port for downstream unit status (labeled E-HUB/RAU) 3. One set of unit status LEDs

One LED for unit power status (labeled POWER)

One LED for unit status (labeled MAIN HUB STATUS) 4. One 9-pin D-sub male connector for system communication and diagnostics using a PC/laptop (labeled RS-232) PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 3-3 Unison Main Hub PRELIMINARY 3.1.1 Optical Fiber Uplink/Downlink Ports The optical fiber uplink/downlink ports transmit and receive optical signals between the Main Hub and up to four Expansion Hub(s) using industry-standard SMF or MMF cable. There are four fiber ports on the front panel of the Main Hub; one port per Expansion Hub. Each fiber port has two female SC/APC connectors:

Optical Fiber Uplink Connector This connector (labeled UPLINK) is used to receive the uplink optical signals from an Expansion Hub.

Optical Fiber Downlink Connector This connector (labeled DOWNLINK) is used to transmit the downlink optical sig-

nals to an Expansion Hub. CAUTION: To avoid damaging the Main Hubs fiber connector ports, use only SC/APC fiber cable connectors. 3.1.2 Communications RS-232 Serial Connector Remote Monitoring Use a standard serial cable to connect a modem to the 9-pin D-sub male serial con-

nector for remote monitoring or configuring. The cable typically has a DB-9 female and a DB-25 male connector. The following figure shows the cable pinout. Figure 3-4 Standard Serial Cable Pinout DB-9 DB-25 Connector Connector Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Pin 8 3 2 20 7 6 4 5 22 3-4 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Communications RS-232 Serial Connector Local Monitoring Use a null modem cable to connect a laptop or PC to the 9-pin D-sub male serial con-

nector for local monitoring or configuring. The cable typically has a DB-9 female connector on both ends. The following figure shows the cable pinout. Figure 3-5 Null Modem Cable Pinout DB-9 Connector Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 DB-9 Connector Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Note that for each connector, pins 1 and 6 are tied together and sent to pin 4 of the opposite connector. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 3-5 Unison Main Hub PRELIMINARY 3.1.3 LED Indicators The units front panel LEDs indicate fault conditions and commanded or fault lockouts. The LEDs do not indicate warnings or if the system test has not been performed. Use the LEDs as a go/no go test or as a backup when you are not using AdminManager. Upon power up, the Main Hub goes through a five-second test to check the LED lamps. During this time, the LEDs blink through the states shown in Table 3-2, letting you visually verify that the LED lamps and the firmware are functioning properly. NOTE: Refer to Section 10 for troubleshooting using the LEDs. Unit Status LEDs The Main Hub status LEDs can be in one of three states, as shown in Table 3-1. These LEDs can be:

steady green steady red blinking green/red (alternating green/red) There is no off state when the units power is on. Table 3-1 Main Hub Status LED States POWER MAIN HUB STATUS POWER MAIN HUB STATUS POWER MAIN HUB STATUS LED State Green Green Green Red Green Alternating Green/Red Indicates

Main Hub is connected to power

Main Hub is not reporting a fault; but the system test may need to be performed or a warning condition could exist

Main Hub is connected to power

Main Hub is reporting a fault or lockout condition

Main Hub is connected to power

Main Hub input signal level too high 3-6 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY LED Indicators Port LEDs The Main Hub has one pair of fiber port LEDs for each of the four Expansion Hub ports. The LED pairs can be in one of four states, as shown in the following table, in a combination of the following:

off steady green steady red The port LEDs indicate the status of the Expansion Hub and RAUs; however, they do not indicate which particular unit is having a problem (i.e., the Expansion Hub vs. one of the RAUs). LINK E-HUB/RAU LINK E-HUB/RAU LINK E-HUB/RAU LINK E-HUB/RAU LED State Off Off Green Green Red Off Green Red Table 3-2 Main Hub Port LED States Indicates

Expansion Hub not connected

Expansion Hub connected, communications normal

No faults from Expansion Hub or any connected RAU

Loss of communications with Expansion Hub

Expansion Hub connected

Fault or lockout reported by Expansion Hub or any connected RAU PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 3-7 Unison Main Hub PRELIMINARY 3.2 Main Hub Rear Panel Figure 3-6 Main Hub Rear Panel 1 2 3 4 5 1. Power on/off switch 2. AC power cord connector 3. Fan exhaust vent 4. One 9-pin D-sub female connector for contact closure monitoring (labeled DIAGNOSTIC 1) 5. Two N-type, female connectors:

Downlink (labeled DOWNLINK)

Uplink (labeled UPLINK) 3-8 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Main Hub Rear Panel Connectors 3.2.1 Main Hub Rear Panel Connectors 3.2.1.1 N-type Female Connectors There are two N-type female connectors on the rear panel of the Main Hub:

The UPLINK connector transmits uplink RF signals to a repeater, local base sta-

tion, or MetroReach Focus system.

The DOWNLINK connector receives downlink RF signals from a repeater, local base station, or MetroReach Focus system. 3.2.1.2 9-pin D-sub Connector The 9-pin D-sub connector (labeled DIAGNOSTIC 1) provides contact closure for major error and minor error system alarm monitoring. The following table lists the function of each pin on the 9-pin D-sub connector. Pin locations are labeled on the figure. Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Function Ground / Alarm Input Reserved Reserved Minor Error (positive connection) Minor Error (negative connection) DC Ground (common) Major Error (positive connection) Alarm Input Major Error (negative connection) This interface can either generate contact alarms or sense a single external alarm con-

tact. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 3-9 Unison Main Hub PRELIMINARY 3.3 Faults and Warnings The Main Hub monitors and reports changes in system performance to:

Ensure that Expansion Hubs and Remote Access Units are connected and function-

ing properly.

Ensure that the fiber receivers, amplifiers, and IF/RF path in the Main Hub are functioning properly. The Main Hub periodically polls attached Expansion Hubs and their Remote Access Units for status. Both fault and warning conditions are reported to a connected PC/laptop that is running the AdminManager software or to the optional remote OpsConsole. Only faults are indicated by LEDs. The faults and warnings that the Main Hub is responsible for monitoring and report-

ing are listed in Section 10. 3-10 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Main Hub Specifications 3.4 Main Hub Specifications Table 3-3 Main Hub Specifications Specification Enclosure Dimensions (H W D):

Weight Operating Temperature Non-operating Temperature Operating Humidity, non-condensing External Alarm Connector

(contact closure) Serial Interface Connector Fiber Connectors RF Connectors LED Fault and Status Indicators AC Power Power Consumption (W) MTBF Description 44.5 mm 438 mm 305 mm

(1.75 in. 17.25 in. 12 in.)

< 3 kg (< 6.5 lb) 0 to +45C (+32 to +113F) 20 to +85C (4 to +185F) 5% to 95%

1 9-pin D-sub, female 1 9-pin D-sub, male 4 Pair, SC/APC 2 N-type, female Unit Status (1 pair):

Power

Main Hub Status Downstream Unit/Link Status (1 pair per fiber port):

Link

E-Hub/RAU Rating: 100240V, 0.5A, 5060 Hz Operating Range: 85250V, 2.40.8A, 4763 Hz 30 106,272 hours PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 3-11 Unison Main Hub PRELIMINARY 3-12 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY SECTION 4 Unison Expansion Hub The Expansion Hub interfaces between the Main Hub and the Remote Access Unit(s) by converting optical signals to electrical signals. It also supplies the DC power to operate the Remote Access Unit(s). Figure 4-1 Expansion Hub in a Unison System Downlink Path: The Expansion Hub receives downlink optical signals from the Main Hub via fiber optic cable. It converts the signals to electrical and sends them to up to eight Remote Access Units (RAUs) via Cat-5/6 cables. Also, the Expansion Hub receives configuration information from the Main Hub via the fiber optic cable and relays configu-

ration information to the RAUs via the Cat-5/6 cable. Unison Main Hub Unison Expansion Hub Downlink to Expansion Hub Uplink from Expansion Hub Downlink from Expansion Hub Uplink to Expansion Hub RAU Uplink Path: The Expansion Hub receives uplink IF signals from up to eight RAUs via Cat-5/6 cables. It converts the sig-

nals to optical and sends them to a Main Hub via fiber optic cable. Also, the Expansion Hub receives RAU status information via the Cat-5/6 cable and sends it and its own status information to the Main Hub via the fiber optic cable. PN 8700-10 620003-0 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual 4-1 Unison Expansion Hub PRELIMINARY Figure 4-2 Expansion Hub Block Diagram 4-2 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Expansion Hub Front Panel 4.1 Expansion Hub Front Panel Figure 4-3 Expansion Hub Front Panel 1 2 3 4 5 1. Eight standard Cat-5/6 ScTP cable RJ-45 connectors (labeled PORT 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) 2. Eight sets of RJ-45 port LEDs (one set per port)

One LED per port for link status (labeled LINK)

One LED per port for downstream unit status (labeled RAU) 3. One set of unit status LEDs

One LED for unit power status (labeled POWER)

One LED for unit status (labeled E-HUB STATUS) 4. One set of fiber connection status LEDs

One LED for fiber downlink status (labeled DL STATUS)

One LED for fiber uplink status (labeled UL STATUS) 5. One fiber optic port which has two connectors

One standard female SC/APC connector for MMF/SMF input (labeled UPLINK)

One standard female SC/APC connector for MMF/SMF output (labeled DOWN-

LINK) PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 4-3 Unison Expansion Hub PRELIMINARY 4.1.1 RJ-45 Connectors The eight RJ-45 connectors on the Expansion Hub are for the Cat-5/6 ScTP cable that is used to transmit and receive signals to and from RAUs. Use shielded RJ-45 con-

nectors on the Cat-5/6 cable. The Cat-5/6 cable also delivers DC electrical power to the RAUs. The Expansion Hubs DC voltage output is 36V DC nominal. A current limiting circuit is used to protect the Expansion Hub if any port draws excessive power. 4.1.2 Optical Fiber Uplink/Downlink Connectors The optical fiber uplink/downlink port transmits and receives optical signals between the Expansion Hub and the Main Hub using industry-standard SMF or MMF cable. The fiber port has two female SC/APC connectors:

Optical Fiber Uplink Connector This connector (labeled UPLINK) is used to transmit (output) uplink optical signals to the Main Hub.

Optical Fiber Downlink Connector This connector (labeled DOWNLINK) is used to receive (input) downlink optical sig-

nals from the Main Hub. CAUTION: To avoid damaging the Expansion Hubs fiber con-

nector port, use only SC/APC fiber cable connectors. 4-4 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY LED Indicators 4.1.3 LED Indicators The units front panel LEDs indicate fault conditions and commanded or fault lockouts. The LEDs do not indicate warnings or if the system test has not been performed. Use the LEDs as a go/no go test or as a backup when you are not using AdminManager. Upon power up, the Expansion Hub goes through a five-second test to check the LED lamps. During this time, the LEDs blink through the states shown in Table 4-2, letting you visually verify that the LED lamps and the firmware are functioning properly. NOTE: Refer to Section 10 for troubleshooting using the LEDs. Unit Status and DL/UL Status LEDs The Expansion Hub unit status and DL/UL status LEDs can be in one of five states, as shown in the following table. These LEDs can be:

steady green steady red There is no off state when the units power is on. Table 4-1 Expansion Hub Unit Status and DL/UL Status LED States POWER E-HUB STATUS DL STATUS UL STATUS LED State Green / Green Green / Green POWER E-HUB STATUS POWER E-HUB STATUS DL STATUS UL STATUS DL STATUS UL STATUS POWER E-HUB STATUS DL STATUS UL STATUS Green / Green Red / Green Green / Red Red / Green Green / Green Red / Red POWER E-HUB STATUS DL STATUS UL STATUS Green / Red Red / Red Indicates

Expansion Hub is connected to power

Expansion Hub is not reporting a fault or lockout; but the system test may need to be performed or a warning condition could exist

Optical power in is above minimum (Main Hub is connected) although the cable length may be longer than recommended maximum

Optical power out (uplink laser) is normal

Expansion Hub is reporting a fault or commanded lockout, but optical power in and out are normal

Fault condition detected, optical power in is below minimum.

(Main Hub is not connected, is not powered, or Main Hubs DL laser has failed.)

Expansion Hub is reporting a fault condition

Optical power in is normal, optical power out is below minimum

(Expansion Hub uplink laser has failed; unable to communicate with Main Hub)

No downlink or uplink: replace Expansion Hub PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 4-5 Unison Expansion Hub PRELIMINARY Port LEDs The Expansion Hub has one pair of port LEDs for each of the eight RJ-45 ports. The port LEDs can be in one of four states, as shown in the following table. These LEDs can be:

off steady green steady red Table 4-2 Expansion Hub Port LED States LED State Off Off Green Green Red Off Green Red LINK RAU LINK RAU LINK RAU LINK RAU Indicates

RAU is not connected

RAU is connected

No faults from RAU

Loss of communications to RAU

RAU is connected

Fault/lockout condition reported by RAU 4-6 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Expansion Hub Rear Panel 4.2 Expansion Hub Rear Panel Figure 4-4 Expansion Hub Rear Panel 1 2 3 1. Power on/off switch 2. AC power cord connector 3. Three air exhaust vents PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 4-7 Unison Expansion Hub PRELIMINARY 4.3 Faults and Warnings The Main Hub periodically polls attached Expansion Hubs and their Remote Access Units for status. Both fault and warning conditions are reported to a connected PC/laptop that is running the AdminManager software or to the optional remote OpsConsole. Only faults are indicated by LEDs. The faults and warnings that the Expansion Hub is responsible for monitoring and Reporting are listed in Section 10. 4-8 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Expansion Hub Specifications 4.4 Expansion Hub Specifications Table 4-3 Expansion Hub Specifications Specification Enclosure Dimensions (H W D) Weight Operating Temperature Non-operating Temperature Operating Humidity, non-condensing Cat-5/6 Connectors Fiber Connectors LED Alarm and Status Indicators AC Power (Volts) (4763 Hz) Power Consumption (W) MTBF Description 89 mm 438 mm 305 mm

(3.5 in. 17.25 in. 12 in.)

< 5 kg (< 11 lb) 0 to +45C (+32 to +113F) 20 to +85C (4 to +185F) 5% to 95%

8 shielded RJ-45, female (Cat-5/6) 1 Pair, SC/APC Unit Status (1 pair):

Power

E-Hub Status Fiber Link Status (1 pair):

DL Status

UL Status RAU/Link Status (1 pair per RJ-45 port):

Link

RAU Rating: 115/230V, 5/2.5A, 5060 Hz Operating Range: 90132V/170250V auto-ranging, 2.21.5A/1.20.8A, 4763 Hz 260 (includes 8 RAUs) 78,998 hours PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 4-9 Unison Expansion Hub PRELIMINARY 4-10 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY SECTION 5 Unison Remote Access Unit The Remote Access Unit (RAU) is an active transceiver that connects to an Expan-

sion Hub using industry-standard Cat-5/6 ScTP cable. The cable also delivers electri-

cal power to the RAU. An RAU passes RF signals between an Expansion Hub and an attached passive antenna where the signals are transmitted to wireless devices. Figure 5-1 Remote Access Unit in a Unison System Downlink Path: The RAU receives downlink IF signals from an Expansion Hub via Cat-5/6 cable. It converts the signals to RF and sends them to a passive RF antenna via coaxial cable. Also, the RAU receives configuration information from the Main Hub via the Cat-5/6 cable. Unison Main Hub Unison Expansion Hub Downlink to RAU RAU Downlink to antenna Uplink from RAU Uplink from antenna Uplink Path: The RAU receives uplink RF signals from a passive RF antenna via coaxial cable. It converts the signals to IF and sends them to an Expansion Hub via Cat-5/6 cable. Also, the RAU sends its status information to the Expansion Hub via the Cat-5/6 cable. PN 8700-10 620003-0 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual 5-1 Unison Remote Access Unit PRELIMINARY Figure 5-2 Remote Access Unit Block Diagram 5-2 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Remote Access Unit Connectors 5.1 Remote Access Unit Connectors 5.1.1 5.1.2 SMA Connector The RAU has one female SMA connector. The connector is a duplexed RF input/out-

put port that connects to a standard passive antenna using coaxial cable. RJ-45 Port The RAU has one RJ-45 port that connects it to an Expansion Hub using Cat-5/6 ScTP cable. Use shielded RJ-45 connectors on the Cat-5/6 cable. 5.2 LED Indicators Upon power up, the RAU goes through a two-second test to check the LED lamps. During this time, the LEDs blink through the states shown in Table 5-1, letting you visually verify that the LED lamps and the firmware are functioning properly. NOTE: Refer to Section 10 for troubleshooting using the LEDs. Status LEDs The RAU status LEDs can be in one of four states, as shown in the following table. These LEDs can be:

off steady green steady red Table 5-1 Remote Access Unit LED States Indicates

RAU is not receiving DC power

RAU is powered and is not indicating a fault condition. Communication with Expansion Hub is normal; but the system test may need to be performed or a warning condition could exist (use AdminManager to determine)

RAU is indicating a fault or lockout condition, but communication with the Expansion Hub is normal

RAU is reporting a fault or lockout condition, and it is not able to communicate with the Expansion Hub Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 5-3 LED State Off Off Green Green Green Red Red Red LINK ALARM LINK ALARM LINK ALARM LINK ALARM PN 8700-10 620003-0 Unison Remote Access Unit PRELIMINARY 5.3 Faults and Warnings The Main Hub periodically polls attached Expansion Hubs and their Remote Access Units for status. Both faults and warning conditions are reported to a connected PC/laptop that is running the AdminManager software, or to the optional remote OpsConsole. Only faults are indicated by LEDs. The faults and warnings that the RAU is responsible for monitoring and reporting are listed in Section 10. 5-4 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Remote Access Unit Specifications 5.4 Remote Access Unit Specifications Table 5-2 Remote Access Unit Specifications Specification Dimensions (H W D) Weight Operating Temperature Non-operating Temperature Operating Humidity, non-condensing RF Connectors LED Alarm and Status Indicators Maximum Heat Dissipation (W) MTBF Description 44 mm 305 mm 158 mm

(1.7 in. 12 in. 6.2 in.)

< 1 kg (< 2 lb) 25 to +45C (13 to +113F) 25 to +85C (13 to +185F) 5% to 95%

1 RJ-45, female (Cat-5/6) 1 SMA, male (coaxial) Unit Status (1 pair): Link Alarm 11 282,207 hours PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 5-5 Unison Remote Access Unit PRELIMINARY 5-6 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY SECTION 6 Installing Unison Components 6.1 Installation Requirements 6.1.1 6.1.2 Component Location Requirements Unison components are intended to be installed in indoor locations only. Cable and Connector Requirements The Unison equipment operates over standard Category 5 or 6 (Cat-5/6) screened twisted pair (ScTP) and industry-standard single-mode fiber (SMF) or multimode fiber (MMF) cable. These cables are widely used industry standards for Local Area Networks (LANs). The regulations and guidelines for Unison cable installation are identical to those specified by the TIA/EIA 568-A standard and the TIA/EIA/IS-729 supplement for LANs (see Appendix B). LGC Wireless recommends plenum-rated Cat-5/6 ScTP and fiber cable and connec-

tors for conformity to building codes and standards. ScTP is required in order to meet FCC and CE Mark emissions tests. 6.1.3 Neutral Host System Requirements As in any Unison system, a neutral host system requires one pair of fiber strands between each Main Hub and each Expansion Hub, and one Cat-5/6 cable between each Expansion Hub and each RAU. To help achieve the cost savings possible in a neutral host system, it is advantageous to install additional cables for future growth. PN 8700-10 620003-0 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual 6-1 Installing Unison Components PRELIMINARY 6.1.4 Distance Requirements The following table shows the distances between Unison components and related equipment. Table 6-1 Unison Distance Requirements Equipment Combination Repeater to Main Hub Base Station to Main Hub Main Hub to Expansion Hub Expansion Hub to RAU RAU to passive antenna Cable Type Coaxial; N male connectors Coaxial; N male connectors Multimode Fiber:

Single-Mode Fiber:

SC/APC male connectors Cat-5/6 ScTP;

shielded RJ-45 male connectors Coaxial; SMA male connectors Distance 36 m (1020 ft) typical 36 m (1020 ft) typical 1.5 km (4,921 ft) max. 6 km (19,685 ft) max. Additional Information Limited by loss and noise. Refer to your link budget calculation. Limited by loss and noise. Refer to your link budget calculation. Limited by 3 dB optical loss. 10 meters (33 ft) absolute min. 25 meters (82 ft) recommended min. 100 m (328 ft) recommended max. 150 m (492 ft) absolute max. 13.5 m (312 ft) typical See System Gain (Loss) Rela-

tive to ScTP Cable Length on page 8-31. Limited by loss and noise. Refer to your link budget calculation. 6-2 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Safety Precautions 6.2 Safety Precautions 6.2.1 Installation Guidelines Use the following guidelines when installing LGC Wireless equipment:

1. Provide sufficient airflow and cooling to the equipment to prevent heat build-up from exceeding the maximum ambient air temperature specification. Do not com-

promise the amount of airflow required for safe operation of the equipment. 2. Be careful when servicing these products. If you are removing the system, turn it off and remove the power cord first. There are no user-serviceable parts inside the components. 3. The internal power supply has internal fuses that are not user replaceable. Con-

sider the worst-case power consumption shown on the product labels when provi-

sioning the equipments AC power source and distribution. 6.2.2 General Safety Precautions The following precautions apply to LGC Wireless products:

The units have no user-serviceable parts. Faulty or failed units are fully replaceable through LGC Wireless. Please contact us at:

1-800-530-9960 (U.S. only)

+1-408-952-2400 (International)

+44(0) 1223 597812 (Europe)

Although modeled after an Ethernet/LAN architecture and connectivity, the units are not intended to connect to Ethernet data hubs, routers, cards, or other similar data equipment.

When you connect the fiber optic cable, take the same precaution as if installing Ethernet network equipment. All optical fiber SC/APC connectors should be cleaned according to the cable manufacturers instructions.

When you connect a radiating antenna to an RAU, DO NOT over-tighten the SMA connector. Firmly hand-tightening the connector is adequate. WARNING: To reduce the risk of fire or electric shock, do not expose this equipment to rain or moisture. The components are intended for indoor use only. Do not install the RAU outdoors. Do not connect an RAU to an antenna that is located outside where it could be subject to lightning strikes, power crosses, or wind. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-3 Installing Unison Components PRELIMINARY 6.2.3 Fiber Port Safety Precautions The following are suggested safety precautions for working with fiber ports. For information about system compliance with safety standards, see Appendix B. WARNING: Observe the following warning about viewing fiber ends in ports. Do not stare with unprotected eyes at the connector ends of the fibers or the ports of the hubs. Invisible infrared radia-

tion is present at the front panel of the Main Hub and the Expansion Hub. Do not remove the fiber port dust caps unless the port is going to be used. Do not stare directly into a fiber port.

Test fiber cables: When you test fiber optic cables, connect the optical power source last and disconnect it first. Use Class 1 test equipment.

Fiber ends: Cover any unconnected fiber ends with an approved cap. Do not use tape.

Broken fiber cables: Do not stare with unprotected eyes at any broken ends of the fibers. Laser light emitted from fiber sources can cause eye injury. Avoid contact with broken fibers; they are sharp and can pierce the skin. Report any broken fiber cables and have them replaced.

Cleaning: Be sure the connectors are clean and free of dust or oils. Use only approved methods for cleaning optical fiber connectors.

Modifications: Do not make any unauthorized modifications to this fiber optic system or associated equipment.

Live work: Live work is permitted because LGC Wireless equipment is a Class 1 hazard.

Signs: No warning signs are required.

Class 1 laser product: The system meets the criteria for a Class 1 laser product per IEC 60825-1:1998-01 and IEC 60825-2:2000-05. CLASS 1 LASER PRODUCT This label appears on the front panel of the Main Hub and the Expansion Hub.

CAUTION: Use of controls or adjustments or performance of procedures other than those specified herein may result in hazardous radiation exposure. 6-4 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Preparing for System Installation 6.3 Preparing for System Installation 6.3.1 Pre-Installation Inspection Follow this procedure before installing Unison equipment:

1. Verify the number of packages received against the packing list. 2. Check all packages for external damage; report any external damage to the ship-

ping carrier. If there is damage, a shipping agent should be present before unpack-

ing and inspecting the contents because damage caused during transit is the responsibility of the shipping agent. 3. Open and check each package against the packing slip. If any items are missing, contact LGC Wireless customer service. If damage is discovered at the time of installation, contact the shipping agent. 4. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-5 Installing Unison Components PRELIMINARY 6.3.2 Installation Checklist Table 6-2 Installation Checklist

Installation Requirement Floor Plans Power available:

Main Hub (AC) Expansion Hub (AC) To RAU (DC) Rack space available:

Main Hub Expansion Hub Clearance for air circulation:

Main and Expansion Hubs RAU Suitable operating environment:

Main and Expansion Hubs RAUs Consideration Installation location of equipment clearly marked Power cord is 2 m (6.5 ft) long. Rating: 100240V, 0.5A, 5060 Hz Rating: 115/230V, 5/2.5A, 5060 Hz 36V 44 mm (1.75 in.) high (1U) 89 mm (3.5 in.) high (2U) 76 mm (3 in.) front and rear, 51 mm (2 in.) sides 76 mm (3 in.) all around Indoor location only 0 to +45C (+32 to +113F) 5% to 95% non-condensing humidity 25 to +45C (13 to +113F) 5% to 95% non-condensing humidity Donor Antenna-to-Unison Configuration Donor Antenna Lightning Arrestor or Surge Suppressor Repeater Attenuator Circulator Base Station-to-Unison Configuration Base Station Attenuator Circulator Installed, inspected; N-male to N-male coaxial cable to lightning arrestor/surge suppressor Installed between roof-top antenna and repeater; N-male to N-male coaxial cable Installed between lightning arrestor/surge suppressor and Main Hub; N-male to N-male coaxial cable Installed between the circulator and the Main Hub downlink port to prevent overload. Optionally, it may be installed between the uplink port and the circula-

tor Installed between the repeater and the Main Hub uplink and downlink ports Verify RF power (see tables in Section 8.1 on page 8-3); N-male to N-male coaxial cable; installed, inspected Attenuation may be required to achieve the desired RF output at the RAU and the desired uplink noise floor level When using a duplex BTS: Installed between the repeater and the Main Hub uplink and downlink ports. Not used with a simplex BTS Connecting Multiple Main Hubs Together 6-6 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Installation Checklist Table 6-2 Installation Checklist (continued)

Installation Requirement Power combiner/splitter Attenuator Circulator Cabling Coaxial: repeater or base station to Main Hub Coaxial: RAU to passive antennas Fiber: Main Hub to Expansion Hubs Cat-5/6 ScTP: Expansion Hub to RAUs Daisy-chain cable Null modem cable Consideration N-male to N-male coaxial cables; power combiner/splitter to Main Hub and base station or repeater Attenuation may be required to achieve the desired RF output at the RAU and the desired uplink noise floor level When using a duplex BTS: Installed between the repeater the Main Hub uplink and downlink ports. Not used with a simplex BTS Coax approved; N-type male connectors Use low-loss cable; SMA male connector; typical 1 m (3.3 ft) using RG142 coaxial cable SC/APC (angle-polished) male connectors;

MMF: limited by optical loss of 3 dB, up to 1.5 km (4,921 ft);

SMF: limited by optical loss of 3 dB, up to 6 km (19,685 ft) TIA/EIA 568-A approved; shielded RJ-45 male connectors

Absolute Minimum: 10 meters (33 ft)

Recommended Minimum: 25 meters (82 ft)

Recommended Maximum: 100 meters (328 ft)

Absolute Maximum: 150 meters (492 ft) Tie-off cables to avoid damaging the connectors because of cable strain For contact alarm monitoring: connecting up to 5 LGCell systems to Unison, connecting up to 5 Unison systems to MetroReach Focus, or connecting up to 5 Unison systems to a base station Female connectors; Main Hub to a laptop that is running the AdminManager software; local connection Female/male connectors; Main Hub to a modem; remote connection Refer to requirements in Section 7.1.1, PC/Laptop Requirements, on page 7-2 If longer distance, determine the loss of the cable used for this connection and adjust the RF signal into the Main Hub accordingly. This can be done by read-

justing the power from the base station, or by changing the attenuation value between the base station/repeater and the Main Hub Straight-through cable Configuring System Laptop running AdminManager software Distances Main Hub is within 36m (1020 ft) of connecting repeater Main Hub is within 36m (1020 ft) of connecting base station Main Hub is within correct distance of Expansion Hub(s);

SMF and MMF optical link budget: 3 dB PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-7 Installing Unison Components PRELIMINARY 6.3.3 Tools and Materials Required Table 6-3 Tools and Materials Required for Component Installation

Description Cable ties Philips screwdriver Mounting screws and spring nuts Fiber cleaning supplies Compressed air Screws, anchors, pipe clamp, etc. (for mounting RAUs) Drill Fusion splicer 6.3.4 Optional Accessories Table 6-4 Optional Accessories for Component Installation

Description Wall-mount equipment rack(s) (PN: 4712) Cable management (Cable manager: PN 4759; Tie wrap bar: PN 4757) Splice trays 6-8 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Unison Component Installation Procedures 6.4 Unison Component Installation Procedures The following procedures assume that the system is new from the factory and that it has not been programmed with a band.

If you are replacing components in a pre-installed system with either new units or units that may already be programmed (i.e., re-using units from another system), refer to Section 9.

Installing RAUs and Passive Antennas . 6-11 Installing RAUs . 6-11

Installing Passive Antennas . 6-11

Connecting the Antenna to the RAU . 6-11

Testing and Connecting the ScTP Cable . 6-12

Installing RAUs in a Neutral Host System . 6-12 Installing Expansion Hubs . 6-13 Installing an Expansion Hub in a Rack . 6-13

Installing an Expansion Hub in a Wall-Mounted Rack . 6-14

Installing an Optional Cable Manager in the Rack . 6-14

Powering On the Expansion Hub . 6-15

Testing and Connecting the Fiber Cables . 6-15

Connecting the ScTP Cables . 6-17

Checking the RJ-45 Port LEDs . 6-17

Installing Expansion Hubs in a Neutral Host System . 6-18 Installing a Main Hub . 6-19 Installing a Main Hub in a Rack . 6-19

Installing an Optional Cable Manager in the Rack . 6-19

Starting and Configuring the System . 6-21

Connecting a Laptop and Starting the AdminManager Software . 6-21

Powering On the Main Hub . 6-21

Connecting the Fiber Cables to the Main Hub . 6-22

Checking the Main Hubs Fiber Port LEDs . 6-23

Configuring the Unison System . 6-25

Installing Main Hubs in a Neutral Host System . 6-20

PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-9 Installing Unison Components PRELIMINARY The following procedures assume that the system is installed and programmed.

Interfacing a Main Hub to a Base Station or Roof-top Antenna . 6-26

Connecting a Main Hub to a Roof-top Antenna . 6-26

Connecting a Main Hub to an In-Building Base Station . 6-27

Connecting a Main Hub to Multiple Base Stations . 6-29

Connecting Multiple Main Hubs . 6-30

Connecting Multiple Main Hubs to a Simplex Repeater or Base Station . 6-32

Connecting Multiple Main Hubs to a Duplex Repeater or Base Station . 6-33

Connecting Contact Alarms to a Unison System . 6-34 6-10 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Installing RAUs and Passive Antennas 6.4.1 Installing RAUs and Passive Antennas CAUTION: Install RAUs in indoor locations only. Installing RAUs Mount all RAUs in the locations marked on the floor plans. Considerations:

Install iDEN and 800 MHz cellular RAUs so that their antennas will be at least 6 to 8 meters (20 to 26 feet) apart.

Keep at least 76 mm (3 in.) clearance around the RAU to ensure proper venting

Always mount the RAU with the flat face against the mounting surface Installing Passive Antennas Refer to the manufacturers installation instructions to install passive antennas. Passive antennas are usually installed below the ceiling. If they are installed above the ceiling, the additional loss due to the ceiling material must be considered when estimating the antenna coverage area. Considerations:

Use coaxial cable with the least amount of loss possible.

Keep iDEN and 800 MHz cellular antennas at least 6 to 8 meters (20 to 26 ft) apart. Connecting the Antenna to the RAU Connect a passive antenna to the SMA male connector on the RAU using coaxial cable. CAUTION:When connecting to the SMA female connector on the RAU and passive antenna, DO NOT over-tighten the connec-

tor. Firmly hand-tightening the connector is adequate. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-11 Installing Unison Components PRELIMINARY Testing and Connecting the ScTP Cable Consideration:

Before connecting the ScTP cable to the RAU, confirm that it meets TIA/EIA 568-A standard and the TIA/EIA/IS-729 supplement. To test and connect the ScTP cable:

1. Perform cable testing. Test results are required for the final As-Built Document. Cable length:

Absolute Minimum: 10 m (33 ft) Recommended Minimum: 25 m (82 ft) Recommended Maximum: 100 m (328 ft) Absolute Maximum: 150 m (492 ft) 2. Label the cable and make a note of the designation. This information is needed when connecting the cable to the Expansion Hub. 3. Connect the cable to the RJ-45 female port on the RAU. Power is supplied by the Expansion Hub. Because the Expansion Hub is not yet connected, no LEDs will illuminate. 6.4.1.1 Installing RAUs in a Neutral Host System When installing both iDEN and cellular systems in parallel, either as dual-band or neutral host systems, special provision must be taken to assure that the individual RAUs do not interfere with each other. The 800 MHz cellular and iDEN RAUs antennas must be separated by 6 to 8 meters (20 to 26 feet) to assure that the iDEN downlink signals do not interfere with the cellular uplink signals. 6-12 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Installing Expansion Hubs 6.4.2 Installing Expansion Hubs The Expansion Hub (2U high) can mount in a standard 19 in. (483 mm) equipment rack or in a wall-mountable equipment rack that is available from LGC Wireless. Allow clearance of 76 mm (3 in.) front and rear and 51 mm (2 in.) sides for air circu-

lation. Install the Expansion Hub in a horizontal position only. CAUTION: Install Expansion Hubs in indoor locations only. Installing an Expansion Hub in a Rack Consideration:

The Expansion Hub is shipped with #10-32 mounting screws. Another common rack thread is #12-24. Confirm that the mounting screws match the racks threads. If you want to move the mounting brackets to a mid-mounting position, see Install-

ing an Expansion Hub in a Wall-Mounted Rack on page 6-14.

Insert spring nuts into the rack where needed or use existing threaded holes. To install the hub in a rack:

1. 2. Place the Expansion Hub into the rack from the front. 3. Align the flange holes with the spring nuts installed in Step 1. 4. 5. Tighten the mounting screws. Insert the mounting screws in the appropriate positions in the rack. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-13 Installing Unison Components PRELIMINARY Installing an Expansion Hub in a Wall-Mounted Rack Considerations:

The rack and the Expansion Hub are both 305 mm (12 in.) deep. The rack mount-

ing brackets on the Expansion Hub must be moved from the front position to allow for the 76 mm (3 in.) rear clearance required.

The maximum weight the rack can hold is 22.5 kg (50 lbs). To install the hub in a wall-mounted rack:

1. Attach the equipment rack to the wall using the screws that are provided. The rack must be positioned so that the Expansion Hub will be in a horizontal position when it is installed. 2. Remove both of the rack mounting brackets from the hub. 3. Reattach each of the rack mounting brackets to the opposite side of the hub from which it came. Refer to the following figure for bracket placement. Right Rack Mounting Bracket as installed from the factory. Left Rack Mounting Bracket installed on the right side of the hub. 3.5''

3.5''

3''

3''

4. Attach the Expansion Hub to the rack. Installing an Optional Cable Manager in the Rack

Using the screws provided, fasten the cable manager to the rack, immediately above or below the Expansion Hub. 6-14 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Installing Expansion Hubs Powering On the Expansion Hub 1. Connect the AC power cord to the Expansion Hub. 2. Plug the power cord into an AC power outlet. 3. Turn on the power to the Expansion Hub and check that all the LED lamps are functioning properly. Upon power-up, the LEDs will blink for five seconds for a visual check that they are functioning. After the five-second test:

The POWER and UL STATUS LEDs should be green.

The E-HUB STATUS and DL STATUS LEDs should be red because the Main Hub is not yet connected.

All port LEDs should be off because no RAUs are connected yet. NOTE: Leave the dust caps on the fiber ports until you are ready to connect the fiber optic cables. Testing and Connecting the Fiber Cables Considerations:

Before connecting the fiber cables, confirm that their optical loss does not exceed

3 dB optical budget. If fiber distribution panels are used, confirm that the total optical loss of fiber cable, from the Main Hub through distribution panels and patch cords to the Expansion Hub, does not exceed the optical budget.

Make sure the fiber cables connectors are SC/APC (angle-polished).Using any other connector type will result in degraded system performance and may damage the equipment. NOTE: Observe all Fiber Port Safety Precautions listed in Section 6.2.3 on page 6-4. To test the fiber cables:

1. Perform cable testing and record the results. Test results are required for the final As-Built Document. 2. Make a note of which cable you will use for uplink and downlink. This information is needed when connecting the cables to the Main Hub. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-15 Installing Unison Components PRELIMINARY To clean the fiber ports:

Use compressed air to blow dust out of each fiber port before you insert the SC/APC connector. Note that compressed air should not leave any residue as this will contam-

inate the fiber port. To clean the fiber connectors:

Be sure that the fiber cables SC/APC connectors are clean and free of dust or oils. If the fiber connector front face is not free of dust or oils, follow the manufacturers rec-

ommendations for cleaning it. To connect the fiber cables:

The fiber cable is labeled with either 1 or 2, or is color-coded. In addition to these labels, you should add a code that identifies which port on the Main Hub is being used and which Expansion Hub the cables are intended for. This differentiates the connectors for proper connection between the Main Hub and Expansion Hubs. If the fiber jumper is labeled with 1 or 2:

1. Connect 1 to UPLINK on Expansion Hub. 2. Connect 2 to DOWNLINK on Expansion Hub. 3. Label both ends of each cable with which Main Hub port is used. For example:

First pair to Main Hub port 1: 11 (uplink), 12 (downlink);

Second pair to Main Hub port 2: 21 (uplink), 22 (downlink);

Third pair to Main Hub port 3: 31 (uplink), 32 (downlink); and so on. 4. Record which number you connected to UPLINK and DOWNLINK. This information is needed when connecting the other end of the fiber cable to the Main Hubs fiber ports. If the fiber jumper is color-coded (for example, blue or red):

1. Connect blue to UPLINK on Expansion Hub. 2. Connect red to DOWNLINK on Expansion Hub. 3. Label both ends of each cable with which Main Hub port is used. For example:

First pair to Main Hub port 1: 11 (uplink), 12 (downlink);

Second pair to Main Hub port 2: 21 (uplink), 22 (downlink);

Third pair to Main Hub port 3: 31 (uplink), 32 (downlink); and so on. 4. Record which color and port number you connected to UPLINK and DOWNLINK. This information is needed when connecting the other end of the fiber cable to the Main Hubs fiber ports. 6-16 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Installing Expansion Hubs Connecting the ScTP Cables Considerations:

Confirm that the cables have been tested and the results recorded. To connect the ScTP cables:

1. Connect the ScTP cables to any available RJ-45 port on the Expansion Hub. 2. Record which RAU you are connecting to which port. This information is required for the As-Built Document. 3. Tie-off cables or use the optional cable manager to avoid damaging the connec-

tors because of cable strain. Checking the RJ-45 Port LEDs

The LINK LED should be green indicating that power is being supplied to the RAU.

The RAU LED should be red indicating that communication is established but a band is not programmed.

If the LINK LED is red and the RAU LED is off, then the RAUs are not commu-

nicating with the Expansion Hub.

If the LEDs are off, the RAU is not drawing power. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-17 Installing Unison Components PRELIMINARY 6.4.2.1 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub LEDs During Installation

All Expansion Hub LINK and E-HUB/RAU LEDs with RAUs connected should indi-

cate Green/Red, which indicates that the RAU is powered on and communication has been established.

The Expansion Hub UL STATUS LED should be Green. Table 6-5 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub LEDs During Installation During Installation Expansion Hub power is On and no RAUs are connected Connect RAU LED POWER State Off LINK E-HUB/RAU UL STATUS LEDs on but didnt blink through all states Red LINK Red E-HUB/RAU Off LINK Off E-HUB/RAU Off LINK Red E-HUB/RAU Off Action Check AC power; check that the Expansion Hub power-on switch is on; replace the Expansion Hub. Replace the Expansion Hub. Impact Expansion Hub is not powering on. Microcontroller not resetting properly;

flash memory corrupted. Replace the Expansion Hub. Port unusable; replace the Expan-

sion Hub when possible. The Expansion Hub laser is not opera-

tional; no uplink between the Expansion Hub and Main Hub. Current sensor fault; do not use the port. Check the Cat-5/6 cable. Power is not getting to the RAU. Test the Cat-5/6 cable. If the cable tests OK, try another port. If the second ports LEDs are Red/Off, replace the RAU. If the second RAU doesnt work; replace the Expansion Hub. Power levels to RAU are not correct;

communications are not established. If the second port works, flag the first port as unusable; replace EH when possi-

ble. 6.4.2.2 Installing Expansion Hubs in a Neutral Host System Installing Expansion Hubs in a neutral host system is the same as described in Section 6.4.2 on page 6-13. If rack-mounting the Expansion Hubs, we recommend mounting all neutral host sys-

tem hubs in the same rack(s) or location, grouped by frequency or carrier. For exam-

ple, group the Expansion Hubs for the iDEN carrier(s) together, then the 800 MHz cellular carrier(s), and so on. 6-18 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Installing a Main Hub 6.4.3 Installing a Main Hub CAUTION: Install Main Hubs in indoor locations only. Installing a Main Hub in a Rack The Main Hub (1U high) mounts in a standard 19 in. (483 mm) equipment rack. Allow clearance of 76 mm (3 in.) front and rear, and 51 mm (2 in.) on both sides for air circulation. Consideration:

The Main Hub is shipped with #10-32 mounting screws. Another common rack thread is #12-24. Confirm that the mounting screws match the racks threads. Insert spring nuts into rack where needed or use existing threaded holes. To install the hub in a rack:

1. 2. Place the Main Hub into the rack from the front. 3. Align the flange holes with the spring nuts installed in Step 1. 4. 5. Tighten the mounting screws. Insert the mounting screws in the appropriate positions in the rack. NOTE: Do not turn on the Main Hub until youve started the AdminMan-

ager software (see Section 6.5 on page 6-21). Rack-mounting Option You can flip the rack mounting brackets, as shown in the following figure, so the hub can be mounted 76 mm (3 in.) forward in the rack. Installing an Optional Cable Manager in the Rack

Using the screws provided, fasten the cable manager to the rack, immediately above or below the Main Hub. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-19 Installing Unison Components PRELIMINARY 6.4.4 Installing Main Hubs in a Neutral Host System Installing Main Hubs in a neutral host system is the same as described in Section 6.4.3 on page 6-19. We recommend mounting all neutral host system Main Hubs in the same rack(s), grouped by frequency or carrier. For example, group the Main Hubs for the iDEN carrier(s) together, then the 800 MHz cellular carrier(s), and so on. Connecting to base stations and repeaters is the same as described in Section 6.6 on page 6-26 and Section 6.6.1 on page 6-30. 6-20 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Starting and Configuring the System 6.5 Starting and Configuring the System Connecting a Laptop and Starting the AdminManager Software Considerations:

The AdminManager software is installed on a laptop computer that meets the requirements that are listed on page 7-2.

Null modem cable with female connectors is needed. To connect and start the AdminManager software:

1. Connect the null modem cable to the laptop and then to the RS-232 port on the Main Hubs front panel. 2. Turn on the laptop and start the AdminManager software. The main Installation Wizard window is displayed when the software is ready. Powering On the Main Hub After mounting the Main Hub in the rack, connect it to the AC power. You may use multiple outlet surge protectors for multiple Main Hubs. 1. Connect the AC power cord to the Main Hub. 2. Plug the power cord into an AC power outlet. 3. Turn on the power. Upon power-up, the LEDs will blink for five seconds for a visual check that they are functioning. After the five-second test:

The POWER LED should be green.

The MAIN HUB STATUS LED should be red because a band has not been pro-

grammed.

All fiber port LEDs should be off, indicating that no fiber cables are connected. NOTE: Leave the dust caps on the fiber ports until you are ready to connect the fiber optic cables. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-21 Installing Unison Components PRELIMINARY Connecting the Fiber Cables to the Main Hub Considerations:

Before connecting the fiber cables, confirm that their optical loss does not exceed

3 dB optical budget. If fiber distribution panels are used, confirm that the total optical loss of fiber cable, from the Main Hub through distribution panels and patch cords to the Expansion Hub, does not exceed the optical budget.

Make sure the fiber cables connectors are SC/APC (angle-polished). Using any other connector type will result in degraded system performance and may damage the equipment. NOTE: Observe all Fiber Port Safety Precautions listed in Section 6.2.3 on page 6-4. To clean the fiber ports:

Use compressed air to blow dust out of each fiber port before you insert the SC/APC connector. Note that compressed air should not leave any residue as this will contam-

inate the fiber port. To clean the fiber connectors:

Be sure that the fiber cables SC/APC connectors are clean and free of dust or oils. If the fiber connector front face is not free of dust or oils, follow the manufacturers rec-

ommendations for cleaning it. To connect the fiber cables:

The fiber cable is labeled with either 1 or 2, or is color-coded. For proper connection between the Main Hub ports and the Expansion Hub ports, refer to the numbering or color-coded connections you recorded when installing the Expansion Hub(s). If the fiber jumper is labeled with 1 or 2:

1. Connect 1s to UPLINK ports on the Main Hub. Refer to the connections you recorded, or the cable label, when the Expansion Hub(s) were installed to know which Main Hub UPLINK port to use. 2. Connect 2s to DOWNLINK ports on the Main Hub. Refer to the connections you recorded, or the cable label, when the Expansion Hub(s) were installed to know which Main Hub DOWNLINK port to use. If the fiber jumper is color-coded (for example, blue or red):

1. Connect blues to UPLINK ports on the Main Hub. Refer to the connections you recorded, or the cable label, when the Expansion Hub(s) were installed to know which Main Hub UPLINK port to use. 2. Connect reds to DOWNLINK ports on the Main Hub. Refer to the connections you recorded, or the cable label, when the Expansion Hub(s) were installed to know which Main Hub DOWNLINK port to use. 6-22 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Starting and Configuring the System Checking the Main Hubs Fiber Port LEDs

The LINK LED should be green if the fiber is connected to the Expansion Hub, and communication and optical power are okay.

The E-HUB/RAU LED should be red because a band has not been programmed.

If the LINK LED is red and the E-HUB/RAU LED is off, there is no communica-

tion with the Expansion Hub. Check the fiber cables (downlink first); a cable may be broken or the optical link budget may be exceeded. If the PORT LEDs are blank (off), the Main Hub does not recognize the pres-

ence of an Expansion Hub. Check the fiber cables (uplink first); a cable may be broken or the optical link budget may be exceeded. Check to ensure that the cables are connected at the Expansion Hub, and that the Expansion Hubs power is on. NOTE: Refer to Section 10 for troubleshooting. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-23 Installing Unison Components PRELIMINARY 6.5.1 Troubleshooting Main Hub LEDs During Installation The following Main Hub LED indications assume that the Expansion Hub LEDs have already been checked.

All Main Hub fiber port LEDs that have Expansion Hubs connected to them should be Green/Red, indicating that the Expansion Hub is powered on and com-

munication has been established. Table 6-6 Troubleshooting Main Hub LEDs During Installation Power On During Installation Power On Main Hub power is On with no Expansion Hubs con-

nected. Connect Expansion Hub Fiber Pair LED POWER State Off LINK E-HUB/RAU LEDs on but didnt blink through all states LINK Red E-HUB/RAU Off LINK Off E-HUB/RAU Off LINK Red E-HUB/RAU Off Action Check AC power; check that the Main Hub power-on switch is on;

replace Main Hub Replace the Main Hub. Impact Main Hub is not powering on. Microcontroller not resetting properly;

flash memory corrupted. The port is unusable; replace the Main Hub when possible. Swap the uplink and downlink cables. If the port LEDs do not illu-

minate, check the fiber uplink for excessive optical loss. Connect the fiber pair to another port. If the second ports LEDs do not illu-

minate Green/Red, replace the Main Hub. If the Expansion Hub DL STATUS LED is red, check the downlink fiber cable for excessive optical loss. Connect the fiber pair to another port. If the second ports LEDs do not illu-

minate Green/Red, replace the Main Hub. Fiber sensor fault, do not use the port. The Main Hub does not sense the presence of the Expansion Hub. If the second port works, flag the first port as unusable; replace the Main Hub when possible. The Expansion Hub does not sense the presence of the Main Hub. If the second port works, flag the first port as unusable; replace the Main Hub when possible. 6-24 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Troubleshooting Main Hub LEDs During Installation Configuring the Unison System The system will not work until a band has been set and a system test is performed.

The AdminManager software must be running on a PC/laptop that is connected to the Main Hubs front panel RS-232 connector. 1. Select the Installation Wizard (Local) mode radio button and click RUN. The Step 1, Verify Hardware window is displayed. Refer to Section 7.2 on page 7-12 for a description of the Installation wizard. 2. Confirm that all system devices are displayed in the System Status box and click NEXT. The Step 2, Set Operation Band window is displayed. 3. Select the desired frequency band and click APPLY. 4. Click NEXT if the message displayed indicates a successful band setting. The Step 3, Configure System Parameters window is displayed. 5. Enter the desired parameters and click APPLY. 6. Click NEXT if the message displayed indicates a successful parameter setting. The Step 4, Final System Test window is displayed. 7. Click APPLY to initiate the final system test. During testing the system is off-line and a center band tone is being transmitted. 8. Click NEXT if the message displayed indicates a successful test. The Finish window is displayed. 9. Click FINISH. The AdminManager session is ended and the window is closed. NOTE: Refer to Section 10 for troubleshooting. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-25 Installing Unison Components PRELIMINARY 6.6 Interfacing a Main Hub to a Base Station or Roof-top Antenna WARNING: Exceeding the maximum input power could cause failure of the Main Hub (refer to Section 8.1 on page 8-3 for maximum power specifications). If the maximum composite power is too high, attenua-

tion is required. Connecting a Main Hub to a Roof-top Antenna It is recommended that you use a lightning arrestor or surge protector in a roof-top antenna configuration. Insert the lightning arrestor or surge protector between the roof-top antenna and the repeater that is connected to the Main Hub. 1. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the roof-top antenna. 2. Connect the other end of the N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the grounded surge suppressor. 3. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the grounded surge suppressor. 4. Connect the other end of the N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the repeater. 5. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the repeater. 6. Connect the other end of the N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the circulator 1 connector. 7. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the circulator 2 connector. 8. Connect the other end of the N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the DOWNLINK connector on the Main Hub. Attenuation may be required to achieve the desired RF output at the RAU. 9. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the circulator 3 connector. 10. Connect the other end of the N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the UPLINK con-

nector on the Main Hub. Roof-top Antenna N-male to N-male Coaxial Cable Grounded Surge Suppressor N-male to N-male Coaxial Cable Repeater Circulator Attenuator (optional) N-male to N-male Coaxial Cables 6-26 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Interfacing a Main Hub to a Base Station or Roof-top Antenna Connecting a Main Hub to an In-Building Base Station Connecting a Simplex Base Station to a Main Hub:

1. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the transmit simplex connector on the base station. 2. Connect the other end of the N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the DOWNLINK connector on the Main Hub. 3. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the receive simplex connector on the base station. 4. Connect the other end of the N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the UPLINK con-

nector on the Main Hub. Figure 6-1 Simplex Base Station to a Main Hub Insert attenuator, if needed N-male to N-male Coaxial Cable Simplex Base Station T1/E1 to Mobile Switching Center PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-27 Installing Unison Components PRELIMINARY Connecting a Duplex Base Station to a Main Hub:

When connecting to a duplex base station, use a circulator between it and the Main Hub. You can insert attenuators between the circulator and Main Hub as needed; refer to Section 8.6.1 on page 8-48 for more information. 1. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the duplex connector on the base station. 2. Connect the other N-male connector to a circulator. 3. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the DOWNLINK connector on the Main Hub. 4. Connect the other end of the N-male coaxial cable to the transmit connector on the circulator. 5. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the UPLINK connector on the Main Hub. 6. Connect the other end of the N-male coaxial cable to the receive connector on the circulator. Figure 6-2 Duplex Base Station to a Main Hub Insert attenuator, if needed N-male to N-male Coaxial Cable Circulator N-male to N-male Coaxial Cable Duplex Base Station T1/E1 to Mobile Switching Center 6-28 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Interfacing a Main Hub to a Base Station or Roof-top Antenna Connecting a Main Hub to Multiple Base Stations You can use power combiner/splitters to connect a Main Hub to multiple base sta-

tions, as shown in the following figure. Figure 6-3 Connecting a Main Hub to Multiple Base Stations BTS 1 UL DL BTS 2 UL DL Insert attenuators, if needed N-male to N-male Coaxial Jumper Cable to Repeater or Base Station 2 x 1 Power Combiner/Splitter 2 x 1 Power Combiner/Splitter N-male to N-male Coaxial Jumper Cables between Combiner/Splitter and Main Hubs Uplink Port N-male to N-male Coaxial Jumper Cables between Combiner/Splitter and Main Hubs Downlink Port PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-29 Installing Unison Components PRELIMINARY 6.6.1 Connecting Multiple Main Hubs You can use power combiner/splitters as splitters to connect multiple Main Hubs in order to increase the total number of RAUs in a system. You can also use power com-

biner/splitters to combine base station channels in order to increase the number of RF carriers the system transports. The following figure shows connecting two Main Hubs to a simplex repeater or base station. Connecting two Main Hubs increases the total number of supportable RAUs from 32 to 64. Two Main Hubs support up to 8 Expansion Hubs which in turn support up to 64 RAUs. Figure 6-4 Connecting Two Main Hubs to a Simplex Repeater or Base Station N-male to N-male Coaxial Jumper Cable to Repeater or Base Station N-male to N-male Coaxial Jumper Cable to Repeater or Base Station 2 x 1 Power Combiner/Splitter 2 x 1 Power Combiner/Splitter N-male to N-male Coaxial Jumper Cables between Combiner/Splitter and Main Hubs Downlink Port N-male to N-male Coaxial Jumper Cables between Combiner/Splitter and Main Hubs Uplink Port 6-30 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Connecting Multiple Main Hubs To connect two Main Hubs to a duplex repeater or base station, you need to use one circulator and one more coaxial jumper cable, as shown in the following figure. Figure 6-5 Connecting Two Main Hubs to a Duplex Repeater or Base Station Insert attenuator, if needed N-male to N-male Coaxial Jumper Cable to Repeater or Base Station Circulator N-male to N-male Coaxial Jumper Cable N-male to N-male Coaxial Jumper Cable 2 x 1 Power Combiner/Splitter 2 x 1 Power Combiner/Splitter N-male to N-male Coaxial Jumper Cables between Combiner/Splitter and Main Hubs Downlink Port N-male to N-male Coaxial Jumper Cables between Combiner/Splitter and Main Hubs Uplink Port PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-31 Installing Unison Components PRELIMINARY Connecting Multiple Main Hubs to a Simplex Repeater or Base Station You will need the following:

2 hybrid power combiner/splitters; one for uplink and one for downlink (2x1 for two Main Hubs, 3x1 for three, 4x1 for four, etc.)

1 N-male to N-male coaxial jumper cable between each power combiner/splitter and the base station

2 N-male to N-male coaxial jumper cables between each power combiner/splitter and each Main Hub Figure 6-4 on page 6-30 illustrates this procedure. 1. Connect the power combiner/splitters to the repeater or base station using N-male to N-male coaxial jumper cables:

a. From the first power combiner/splitter to the repeater or base station b. From the second power combiner/splitter to the repeater or base station 2. Connect the power combiner/splitters to the Main Hubs:

a. From the first Main Hubs UPLINK port to the first power combiner/splitter b. From the first Main Hubs DOWNLINK port to the second power com-

biner/splitter c. From the second Main Hubs UPLINK port to the first power combiner/splitter d. From the second Main Hubs DOWNLINK port to the second power com-

biner/splitter 3. Check Main Hub LEDs. After connecting and powering on the Main Hub, check all LEDs to ensure that the system is operating properly. NOTE: Use a 50 ohm terminator on any unused power combiner/splitter ports. 6-32 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Connecting Multiple Main Hubs Connecting Multiple Main Hubs to a Duplex Repeater or Base Station You will need the following:

2 hybrid power combiner/splitters; one for uplink and one for downlink (2x1 for two Main Hubs, 3x1 for three, 4x1 for four, etc.)

2 N-male to N-male coaxial jumper cables to connect each Main Hub to the power combiner/splitters

1 circulator

1 N-male to N-male coaxial jumper cable between each circulator and the repeater or base station

1 N-male to N-male coaxial jumper cable1 between each circulator and power combiner/splitter Figure 6-5 on page 6-31 illustrates this procedure. 1. Connect the Circulator to the power combiner/splitters and to the repeater or base station using one N-male to N-male coaxial jumper cable. 2. Connect each power combiner/splitter to the circulator using one N-male to N-male coaxial jumper cable. 3. Connect the power combiner/splitter to the Main Hubs:

a. From the first Main Hubs UPLINK port to the first power combiner/splitter b. From the first Main Hubs DOWNLINK port to the second power com-

biner/splitter c. From the second Main Hubs UPLINK port to the first power combiner/splitter d. From the second Main Hubs DOWNLINK port to the second power com-

biner/splitter 4. Check Main Hub LEDs. After connecting and powering on the Main Hub, check all LEDs to ensure that the system is operating properly. NOTE: Use a 50 ohm terminator on any unused power combiner/splitter ports. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-33 Installing Unison Components PRELIMINARY 6.7 Connecting Contact Alarms to a Unison System John Boyd: NO and NC contact sense info Alarm Source intro Alarm Sense intro 6-34 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Alarm Source 6.7.1 Alarm Source Unison is always an alarm source, no matter what type of equiment you are connect-

ing to. Using MetroReach Focus to Monitor Unison When you connect MetroReach Focus to Unison, the Unison Main Hub is the output of the alarms (alarm source) and Focus is the input (alarm sense), as shown in the fol-

lowing figure. Figure 6-6 Connecting MetroReach to Unison 5-Port Cable: 300117-0 Unison Main Hub Alarm Source Alarm Source MetroReach Focus RFM RF OUT DOWNLINK RF IN UPLINK FIBER UPLINK DOWNLINK ALARM RS-232C Alarm Sense PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-35 Installing Unison Components PRELIMINARY Using a Base Station to Monitor Unison When you connect a BTS to Unison, the Unison Main Hub is the output of the alarms

(alarm source) and the BTS is the input (alarm sense), as shown in the following figure. Figure 6-7 Connecting a BTS to Unison Unison Main Hub 5-Port Cable: 300117-0 BTS Alarm Sense Alarm Source Alarm Source 6-36 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Alarm Source 7 J 1 9 DB-9 male to Unison, Base Station, or MetroReach Focus

(use male-to-male adapter, included with cable, when connecting to Unison or MetroReach) Daisy-Chained Alarm Source Cable The daisy-chained alarm cable (PN 300117-0) that is used in these configurations is shown in Figure 6-8. Figure 6-8 Daisy-Chained Alarm Source Cable 1 meter (3 feet) DB-9 male Pins 7 and 9 DB-9 male Pins 7 and 9 DB-9 male Pins 7 and 9 DB-9 male Pins 7 and 9 DB-9 male Pins 7 and 9 DB-9 female Pin 7 2 J Pin 7 Pin 9 X LGCell, MetroReach Focus, or Unison Alarm DB-9 female Port 3 Pin 7 J Pin 9 X LGCell, MetroReach Focus, or Unison Alarm DB-9 female Port 4 Pin 7 J Pin 9 X LGCell, MetroReach Focus, or Unison Alarm DB-9 female Port 5 Pin 7 J Pin 9 X LGCell, MetroReach Focus, or Unison Alarm DB-9 female Port 6 J Pin 7 Pin 9 7 J Pin 7 Option 1: Connect 5 units to cable using J2 through J6; J7 is unused. OR Option 2: Connect four units to first cable using J2 through J5, connect J6 to an additional 300117-0 cables J1 connector;

J7 is unused. OR Option 3: Connect less than four units to cable and terminate the circuit by con-

necting the J7 connector into the lowest numbered unused male connector. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-37 Installing Unison Components PRELIMINARY 6.7.2 Alarm Sense Use the AdminManager to enable the Unison system for alarm sense when con-

necting to the contact closure of LGCell Main Hubs. Using Unison to Monitor LGCells When you connect LGCell to Unison, the Unison Main Hub is the input of the alarms

(alarm sense) and the LGCell is the output (alarm source), as shown in the following figure. Figure 6-9 Connecting LGCell to Unison Unison Main Hub Up to 5 LGCell Main Hubs Alarm Sense 5-Port Cable: 300117-0 Alarm Source Alarm Source John: How do I show the adaptor in this drawing?

6-38 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Alarm Sense Alarm Sense Cable Adaptor Figure 6-10 shows the alarm sense cable adaptor (PN XXXXXX-0) that is used with the daisy-chained alarm source cable in this configuration. Figure 6-10 Alarm Sense Adaptor PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-39 Installing Unison Components PRELIMINARY 6-40 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY SECTION 7 Installing and Using the AdminManager Software The AdminManager software is used to install, configure, and maintain the Unison system from a PC or laptop that you connect directly to a Main Hubs front panel serial port. You can use the AdminManager to remotely view system status by connecting a PC or laptop to the Unison system via a dialup modem. Figure 7-1 PC Connected to Main Hub PN 8700-10 620003-0 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual 7-1 Installing and Using the AdminManager Software PRELIMINARY 7.1 Installing the AdminManager Software 7.1.1 PC/Laptop Requirements

Operating System:

Windows 2000 Professional (recommended)

Windows 98 SE with IE 5.0

1 Communication Port (COM1COM4)

133 MHz or higher Pentium-compatible CPU

64 MB memory (Windows 2000) or 32 MB (Windows 98 SE)

At least 150 MB free disk space

VGA or higher resolution

Standard 9600 Modem

CD-ROM drive

DB-9 female-to-DB-9 female NULL modem cable 7-2 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY PC/Laptop Requirements Installing AdminManager Install the AdminManager software on a PC/laptop that meets the requirements as described in Section 7.1.1. 1. Turn on the PC/laptop and insert the AdminManager CD into the PC/laptops CD drive. setup.exe is automatically launched. The following pop-up window is displayed while InstallShield checks the PCs system. The Welcome to InstallShield Wizard window is displayed. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-3 Installing and Using the AdminManager Software PRELIMINARY 2. Click the NEXT button to begin the AdminManager installation. The License Agreement window is displayed. If you select the I do not accept radio button, the InstallShield Wizard stops and the windows close. 7-4 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY PC/Laptop Requirements 3. Read the agreement and select the I accept radio button, and then click the NEXT button. The Customer Information window is displayed. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-5 Installing and Using the AdminManager Software PRELIMINARY 4. Enter a User Name and Organization in the text boxes, and then click the NEXT button. The Destination Folder window is displayed 7-6 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY PC/Laptop Requirements 5. Click the NEXT button to accept the default destination. The Ready to Install the Program window is displayed. NOTE: To change information that is displayed in the Ready to Install the Program window, click the BACK button and make changes in previous windows. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-7 Installing and Using the AdminManager Software PRELIMINARY 6. Click the INSTALL button if the information that is displayed in the Ready to Install the Program window is correct. The Installing AdminManager window is displayed. PDF files are used for Help. If the InstallShield Wizard detects that the PC does not have software for viewing PDF files, the following pop-up is displayed.

Click CONTINUE to install Acrobat Reader from the CD onto your PC.

Click QUIT to skip the installation of Acrobat Reader. 7-8 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY PC/Laptop Requirements When the installation is finished, the InstallShield Wizard Completed window is displayed. 7. Click the FINISH button to end the InstallShield Wizard session and close the win-

dow. An AdminManager shortcut is added to your PCs Start menu and an icon is added to your desktop. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-9 Installing and Using the AdminManager Software PRELIMINARY Starting AdminManager 1. Using the NULL modem cable, connect the PC/laptop to the Main Hubs front panel RS-232 connector. 2. Turn on the power to the Main Hub, if it is not already on. 3. Double-click the AdminManager icon to start the software. Alternately, you can click the Start button that is on the PCs taskbar, click Pro-

grams, click AdminManager, and then click the AdminManager application. The following window is displayed when AdminManager starts. Figure 7-2 AdminManager Start Window You can display the AdminManager User Guide at any time while the software is running by pressing the F1 key. 7-10 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY PC/Laptop Requirements AdminManager Operation Modes You can choose one of four operation modes from the AdminManager Start window.

Section 7.2 Installation Wizard . 7-12 Select this option when you are installing a system or a Main Hub for the first time.

Section 7.3 Configuration & Maintenance Panel . 7-24

Section 7.3.2 Options when Connected Locally . 7-28 Select this option when you want to perform specific tasks, such as perform the system test and set system parameters, or check the status of an operating sys-

tem. All options are available when you are connected locally.

Section 7.3.3 Read-Only Options when Connected Remotely . 7-33 The Configuration Panel is displayed in a read-only state. When you are con-

nected remotely there are a limited number of options available. The options let you check the status of the system and determine if a site visit is required. (This is the only operation mode you can choose when you are connected remotely.)

Section 7.4 Upgrading Firmware . 7-37 Select this option when you are upgrading a components firmware. Buttons

Settings Clicking the SETTINGS button displays the Application Setting dialog box in which you enter the communications port number that the modem will connect to for remote monitoring and that the PC will use for connecting directly to a Main Hub

Run Depending on the operation option that you selected, clicking the RUN button dis-

plays the Step 1 panel of the Installation Wizard, the Configuration & Maintenance window, or the Firmware Update window.

Quit Clicking the QUIT button stops the AdminManager and closes the panel. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-11 Installing and Using the AdminManager Software PRELIMINARY 7.2 Installation Wizard Use the Installation Wizard when you are installing a new system or a new Main Hub to a system. Installation consists of four steps; each one is displayed in a separate panel of the Wizard.

Section 7.2.1 Step 1: Verify Hardware . 7-13

Section 7.2.2 Step 2: Set Operation Band . 7-15

Section 7.2.3 Step 3: Configure System Parameters . 7-19

Section 7.2.4 Step 4: Final System Test . 7-21 7-12 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Step 1: Verify Hardware 7.2.1 Step 1: Verify Hardware During this step, the AdminManager software is in a listening mode. The Main Hub detects downstream units (Expansion Hubs and RAUs) and automatically reports the system configuration, which AdminManager displays as a configuration tree in the System Status pane of the Step 1 panel. Figure 7-3 Step 1: Verify Hardware Panel Verify Hardware Configuration 1. Enter a system label (up to 8 characters) in the System Label text box. This label is assigned to the Main Hub and appears in the System Status tree. 2. Click the NEXT button when the configuration is displayed correctly in the System Status pane. The Main Hub automatically reports any change in system status to the Admin-

Manager, which automatically updates the System Status tree. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-13 Installing and Using the AdminManager Software PRELIMINARY 7.2.1.1 Description of Step 1 Panel Panes

System Status A hierarchical tree of detected system components is displayed in the System Status pane. See Section 7.5 on page 7-38 for more information about the System Status tree.

Messages Status and error messages are displayed in the Messages pane. If the status is okay, the NEXT button is selectable. Command Buttons

Help Clicking the HELP button displays the Unison Hardware Troubleshooting Guide.

Refresh Clicking the REFRESH button issues a query status command to the Main Hub and the System Status tree is updated. Also, any disconnect status is cleared. While the Main Hub does report system status to the AdminManager automatically, you can use this button to force an update if communications fail or if there has been a sta-

tus change that is not showing in the System Status tree.

Next Clicking the NEXT button displays the Installation Wizard Step 2 panel.

Cancel Clicking the CANCEL button quits the Installation Wizard and displays the Admin-

Manager Start window (Figure 7-2). 7-14 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Step 2: Set Operation Band 7.2.2 Step 2: Set Operation Band The Main and Expansion Hubs are manufactured and shipped without a band of opera-

tion programmed into them. The RAUs, on the other hand, are manufactured to a spe-

cific band or set of bands. In order for the system to perform, you must program the Main and Expansion Hubs to the band that the downstream RAUs are intended for. Figure 7-4 Step 2: Set Operation Band PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-15 Installing and Using the AdminManager Software PRELIMINARY Set Operation Band 1. Select a band from the Select Band drop-down list box. 2. Click the APPLY button. 3. Click the NEXT button if:

a. The configuration is displayed correctly in the System Status pane. b. There are no error messages in the Messages pane. If a band setting error message is displayed, you can:

1. Disconnect the unit from the system. 2. Click the BACK button to return to Step 1. 3. Click the REFRESH button to clear the disconnected unit. 4. Click the NEXT button to continue to Step 2. NOTE: Band not initialized faults can only be cleared by performing Step 2. The Configuration & Maintenance panel does not provide a way to clear these faults. 7-16 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Step 2: Set Operation Band 7.2.2.1 Description of Step 2 Panel Panes

System Status A hierarchical tree of detected system components is displayed in the System Sta-

tus pane. See Section 7.5 on page 7-38 for more information about the System Sta-

tus tree.

Messages Status and error messages are displayed in the Messages pane. If the status is okay, the NEXT button is selectable. Drop-Down List Box

Select Band Choose from:

Unison Band Cellular DCS1 DCS2 DCS3 EGSM GSM iDEN PCS A&D PCS B&E PCS D&B PCS E&F PCS F&C UMTS 1 UMTS 2 UMTS 3 RF Passband Downlink (MHz) 869894 18051842.5 1842.51880 18401875 925960 935960 851869 19301950 19451965 19501970 19651975 19701990 21102145 21252160 21352170 Uplink (MHz) 824849 17101747.5 1747.51785 17451780 880915 890915 806824 18501870 18651885 18701890 18851895 18901910 19201955 19351970 19451980 PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-17 Installing and Using the AdminManager Software PRELIMINARY Command Buttons

Apply Clicking the APPLY button issues the set band command to the Main Hub and all downstream components. In order for the system to complete the band configuration, the factory-set band of all the attached RAUs must match the band command issued by the AdminMan-

ager software. If the band command matches the RAUs, then the system band is set. If the band command does not match, the command is rejected and a Set band error message for that RAU is displayed.

Back Clicking the BACK button returns AdminManager to the Step 1 panel.

Next Clicking the NEXT button displays the Installation Wizard Step 3 panel. This button is selectable only when the APPLY function is successful.

Cancel Clicking the CANCEL button quits the Installation Wizard and displays the Admin-

Manager Start window (Figure 7-2). 7-18 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Step 3: Configure System Parameters 7.2.3 Step 3: Configure System Parameters From this panel, you can set uplink and downlink system gain from 0 dB to 15 dB in 1 dB steps. By default, the UL and DL System Gain is set at 15 dB. Current hardware settings are shown in the text boxes when the panel is first displayed. Figure 7-5 shows the display after the UL System Gain was changed to 11 dB. Figure 7-5 Step 3: Configure System Parameters Configure System Parameters If you want to keep the values as they are initially displayed, click the NEXT button. If you want to change the values:

1. Enter a value in the UL System Gain text box, if desired. 2. Enter a value in the DL System Gain text box, if desired. 3. Click the APPLY button when you are ready. 4. Click the NEXT button if:

a. The configuration is displayed correctly in the System Status pane. b. There are no error messages in the Messages pane. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-19 Installing and Using the AdminManager Software PRELIMINARY 7.2.3.1 Description of Step 3 Panel Panes

System Status A hierarchical tree of detected system components is displayed in the System Sta-

tus pane. See Section 7.5 on page 7-38 for more information about the System Sta-

tus tree.

Messages Status and error messages are displayed in the Messages pane. If the status is okay, the NEXT button is selectable. Text Boxes

UL System Gain and DL System Gain Both the uplink and the downlink system gain can be adjusted from 15 dB to 0 dB in 1 dB increments using these text boxes. Command Buttons

Apply Clicking the APPLY button sets the selected value.

Back Clicking the BACK button returns AdminManager to the Step 2 panel.

Next Clicking the NEXT button displays the Installation Wizard Step 4 panel.

Cancel Clicking the CANCEL button quits the Installation Wizard and displays the Admin-

Manager Start window (Figure 7-2). 7-20 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Step 4: Final System Test 7.2.4 Step 4: Final System Test This step performs an end-to-end RF path functional test that includes cable length estimation and system gain refinement. Any disconnect status is cleared and all fault logs are cleared. Figure 7-6 Step 4: Final System Test Perform Final System Test 1. Click the APPLY button if the configuration is displayed correctly in the System Status pane. 2. Click the NEXT button when a successful test message is displayed in the Mes-

sages pane. You can use the BACK button to return to previous steps and make changes if an error is displayed in the Messages pane. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-21 Installing and Using the AdminManager Software PRELIMINARY 7.2.4.1 Description of Step 4 Panel Panes

System Status A hierarchical tree of detected system components is displayed in the System Sta-

tus pane. See Section 7.5 on page 7-38 for more information about the System Sta-

tus tree.

Messages Status and error messages are displayed in the Messages pane. If the status is okay, the NEXT button is selectable. Command Buttons

Apply Clicking the APPLY button starts the final system test.

Back Clicking the BACK button returns AdminManager to the Step 3 panel.

Next Clicking the NEXT button displays the Installation Wizard Finish panel. This button is selectable only when the APPLY function is successful.

Cancel Clicking the CANCEL button quits the Installation Wizard and displays the Admin-

Manager Start window (Figure 7-2). 7-22 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Finish Panel 7.2.5 Finish Panel The Finish panel is displayed when the final system test is successfully completed. Figure 7-7 Finish Panel 1. Click the FINISH button. A Save As dialog box is displayed. 2. Specify a file name and where to save the configuration file. The information that is stored in the configuration file is required for the As-Built Documentation. 7.2.5.1 Description of Finish Panel Command Button

Finish Clicking the FINISH button displays a Save As dialog box for saving the configura-

tion file and then quits the session. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-23 Installing and Using the AdminManager Software PRELIMINARY 7.3 Configuration & Maintenance Panel The Configuration & Maintenance Panel is used after the initial installation of a sys-

tem. From this panel you can check status of the system, get current errors and warn-

ings, get information about a particular unit in the system, set system parameters, and perform a system test, for example. Figure 7-8 Configuration & Maintenance Window 7-24 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Window Description 7.3.1 Window Description Panes

System Status A hierarchical tree of detected system components is displayed in the System Sta-

tus pane. See Section 7.5 on page 7-38 for more information about the System Sta-

tus tree.

Messages Status and error messages are displayed in the Messages pane. Drop-Down List Box Table 7-1 Configuration and Maintenance Window Options Connection Local Remote

Option Advanced RAU Settings Clear All Disconnect Status Command Unit In-Service Command Unit Out-of-Service Get Current Errors Get Current Warnings Get System Parameters Get Unit Info Refresh System Status Set Callback Number Set Contact Sense Properties Set System Parameters System Test PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-25 Installing and Using the AdminManager Software PRELIMINARY Command Buttons

Execute Clicking the EXECUTE button starts the command that is selected in the Command list box.

Save Config Clicking the SAVE CONFIG button displays the Save Configuration Notes dialog box. Any additional information that you type into the text box is saved at the top of the configuration file. After you click OK in this dialog box, the Save As dialog box is displayed, in which you specify the name of the file and where to save the configuration file. Following is an example configuration file that includes notes:

Begin Notes *******************************************

LGC HQ 05/23/01 MH configuration L010MH11 System configuration End Notes *********************************************

Frequency Band is DCS Low. System Gain: UL = 12 dB, DL = 4 dB. Callback Number is 1234567. System label is LGC. Main Hub Information:

Serial Number: L010BMH1 Part Number: 7405101 Revision Number: 03 Firmware Revision: 010526 Expansion Hub LGC-1 Information:

Serial Number: L010BEH9 Part Number: 7405101 Revision Number: 03 Firmware Revision: 010513 RAU LGC-1-5 Information:

Serial Number: L010BRU1 Part Number: 7405101 Revision Number: 03 Firmware Revision: 010021 7-26 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Window Description

Save Msg Selecting the SAVE MSG button displays the Save As dialog box in which you spec-

ify the name of the file and where to save the contents of the Message text box.

Exit Selecting the EXIT button quits the session and displays the AdminManager Start window (Figure 7-2). PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-27 Installing and Using the AdminManager Software PRELIMINARY 7.3.2 Options when Connected Locally When you are locally connected to the Main Hub, you can choose the following options in addition to those listed in Section 7.3.3, Read-Only Options when Con-

nected Remotely, on page 7-33 (also, see Table 7-1 on page 7-25). Advanced RAU Settings

Set uplink and downlink 10 dB attenuation for an individual RAU Refer to Using the 10 dB Attenuation Setting on page 7-29 for a description of this setting.

Select a UL ALC setting for an individual RAU Refer to Using the Uplink ALC Setting on page 7-30 for a description of this setting. 1. Enter the Expansion Hub number and the RAU number in the text boxes on the RAU Selection dialog box and click OK. The Advanced RAU Settings dialog box is displayed. In the Advanced RAU Settings example shown below, Demo-1-1 indicates that RAU number 1 that is connected to Expansion Hub number 1 in the Demo Main Hub sys-

tem is selected. 2. Select the Uplink and Downlink check box to enable the 10 dB attenuation setting. 3. Select a radio button from the UL ALC Set-

ting list. 7-28 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Options when Connected Locally Using the 10 dB Attenuation Setting By selecting the Uplink and Downlink checkbox in the Advanced RAU Settings dia-

log box, the uplink and downlink signals in the individual RAU, which you specified in the RAU Selection dialog box, are both reduced by 10 dB. One reason you may want to use this setting is to reduce the RAUs output power when an RAU is located near an exterior wall of a building and its RF signal is going beyond the wall to the outside of the building, where it can negatively affect the outdoor macro system. The following table shows some examples of how the 10 dB attenuation setting affects coverage distance. These examples assume a 0 dB gain system, a 3 dBi gain antenna, and the difference between a 85 dB and a 75 dB design. Frequency 800 MHz 800 MHz 1900 MHz 1900 MHz Environment Open, like a parking garage Heavily walled, like a Hospital Open, like a parking garage Heavily walled, like a Hospital Reduction in Coverage Distance 24 meters (80 feet) 12.5 meters (41 feet) 24 meters (80 feet) 9 meters (30 feet) You can use the following formula to calculate the reduction in distance covered.

dorig = original distance

dnew = new distance with 10 dB attenuation enabled

PLS = path loss slope [dB]

dnew = (1010/PLS)dorig Examples:

dnew = 0.31 dorig for PLS = 20 dB (free space) dnew = 0.46 dorig for PLS = 30 dB PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-29 Installing and Using the AdminManager Software PRELIMINARY Using the Uplink ALC Setting Uplink automatic level control (UL ALC) circuitry within the RAU provides auto-

matic level control on high-power signals in the uplink path. This functionality is required to prevent compression caused by a single or multiple wireless devices that are in very close proximity to an RAU. Compression causes signal degradation and, ultimately, bit errors, and should be prevented. Two settings are available to optimize UL ALC performance:

Single Operator and Protocol: Use when only one operator and protocol is on-the-air within the Unison systems configured and adjacent frequency bands.

Multiple Operators and/or Protocols: Use when more than one operator and/or protocol is present in the Unison systems frequency and adjacent frequency bands. The following table shows the frequency bands that are adjacent to the bands that the system is configured for. Table 7-2 Frequency Bands Adjacent to System Configured Bands System Configuration iDEN Cellular PCS AD PCS DB PCS BE PCS EF PCS FC GSM EGSM DCS 1 DCS 2 DCS 3 UMTS 1 UMTS 2 UMTS 3 Adjacent Bands Cellular iDEN PCS B PCS A, PCS E PCS D, PCS F PCS B, PCS C PCS E DCS 2 DCS 1, DCS 3 UMTS 2, UMTS 3 UMTS 1, UMTS 3 UMTS 1, UMTS 2 7-30 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Options when Connected Locally

Clear All Disconnect Status: clears a port disconnect fault when an Expansion Hub or an RAU is disconnected and will not be re-connected.

Command Unit In-Service: returns a unit to service that was previously removed from service; restores a component to the systems alarm monitoring; displays the unit lock, unit not system tested, or normal operation icon.

Command Unit Out-of-Service: removes a unit, and all of its downstream units, from service, there is no RF transmission; lets you temporarily remove a compo-

nent from the systems alarm monitoring; displays unit lock icon.

Set Callback Number: displays a dialog box in which you enter the phone num-

ber that the system uses to communicate with OpsConsole users. You can use up to 64 characters: 0 through 9, and the comma (,) for a pause. Leave the field blank if you do not want the unit to call out. Refer to your modem documentation for other characters that you can use. To disable callback, leave the text box empty.

Set Contact Sense Properties: enables/disables the external sensing of either nor-

mally open or normally closed contact closures; displays contact sense alarm or contact sense okay icon. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-31 Installing and Using the AdminManager Software PRELIMINARY

Set System Parameters: displays a dialog box from which you select uplink and downlink gain settings, and/or specify a system label.

System Test: An end-to-end RF path functional test that includes cable length esti-

mation and system gain refinement is performed during the system test. System operation is suspended while the test is being performed. 7-32 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Read-Only Options when Connected Remotely 7.3.3 Read-Only Options when Connected Remotely You can only choose read-only options and view system status when you are remotely connected to the Main Hub. You cannot set parameters or change system configuration remotely. (See Table 7-1 on page 7-25.)

Get Current Errors: displays the highest priority error with a recommendations for resolving it PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-33 Installing and Using the AdminManager Software PRELIMINARY

Get Current Warnings: displays the highest priority warning with a recommen-

dations for resolving it

Get System Parameters: displays the frequency band, callback number, uplink and downlink system gain, and system label 7-34 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Read-Only Options when Connected Remotely

Get Unit Info: displays the Options dialog box in which you select a unit. Select a unit and click the OK button to display that units serial number, part num-

ber, revision number and firmware version. Additionally, the advanced settings for the RAU are displayed when RAU information is requested. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-35 Installing and Using the AdminManager Software PRELIMINARY

Refresh System Status: requests system status and updates the System Status tree 7-36 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Upgrading Firmware 7.4 Upgrading Firmware The firmware update program automatically detects which unit the firmware is intended for and displays the firmware ID and version number in the Firmware Update window, as shown in the following figure. Figure 7-9 Firmware Update Window Updating Firmware 1. Copy the firmware program to the PC. 2. Start AdminManager and select the Firmware Update radio button on the Start window, and then click run. An Open File dialog box is displayed. 3. Choose the .m19 file you want to open from the Open File dialog box and click OPEN. The firmware ID and version number are displayed in the Firmware Update win-

dow. 4. Click the PROGRAM button to start the download. This button changes to CANCEL during the download, click it to stop the firmware update. 5. Click the DONE button. This button is enabled when the download is completed. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-37 Installing and Using the AdminManager Software PRELIMINARY 7.5 System Status Tree A hierarchical tree of the detected system components is displayed in the System Sta-

tus pane. 7.5.1 System Status Tree Icons The following table shows the icons that may appear in the System Status tree. Table 7-3 System Status Tree Icons Icon Description Main Hub normal operation Main Hub fault Main Hub lock (unit and all downstream units are out-of-service) Main Hub has not been system tested since last power on Main Hub warning Expansion Hub normal operation Expansion Hub fault Expansion Hub lock (unit and all downstream RAUs are out-of-service) Expansion Hub has not been system tested since last power on Expansion Hub warning RAU normal operation RAU fault RAU lock RAU has not been system tested since last power on RAU warning No communication Contact sense alarm Contact sense okay 7-38 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY SECTION 8 Designing a Unison Solution Designing a Unison solution is ultimately a matter of determining coverage and capacity needs. This requires the following steps:

1. Determine the wireless service providers requirements. This information is usually supplied by the service provider:

Frequency (i.e., 850 MHz)

Band (i.e., A band in the Cellular spectrum)

Protocol (i.e., TDMA, CDMA, GSM, iDEN)

Peak capacity requirement (this, and whether or not the building will be split into sectors, determines the number of carriers that the system will have to transmit)

Design goal (RSSI, received signal strength at the wireless handset, i.e., 85 dBm) The design goal is always a stronger signal than the cell phone needs. It includes inherent factors which will affect performance (see Section 8.4.1 on page 8-33).

RF source (base station or BDA), type of equipment if possible 2. Determine the power per carrier and input power from the base station or BDA into the Main Hub: Section 8.1, Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU, on page 8-3. The maximum power per carrier is a function of the number of RF carriers, the carrier headroom requirement, signal quality issues, regulatory emissions require-

ments, and Unisons RF performance. The power per carrier decreases as the number of carriers increases. 3. Determine the in-building environment: Section 8.2, Estimating RF Cover-

age, on page 8-19.

Determine which areas of the building require coverage (entire building, public areas, parking levels, etc.) PN 8700-10 620003-0 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual 8-1 Designing a Unison Solution PRELIMINARY

Obtain floor plans to determine floor space of building and the wall layout of the proposed areas to be covered. Floor plans will also be useful when you are selecting antenna locations. If possible, determine the buildings construction materials (sheetrock, metal, concrete, etc.)

Determine type of environment Open layout (e.g., a convention center) Dense, close walls (e.g., a hospital) Mixed use (e.g., an office building with hard wall offices and cubicles) 4. Develop an RF link budget: Section 8.4, Link Budget Analysis, on page 8-32. Knowing the power per carrier, you can calculate an RF link budget which is used to predict how much propagation loss can be allowed in the system, while still providing satisfactory performance throughout the area being covered. The link budget is a methodical way to derive a design goal. If the design goal is pro-

vided in advance, the link budget is simply: allowable RF loss = max. power per carrier design goal. 5. Determine the appropriate estimated path loss slope that corresponds to the type of building and its layout, and estimate the coverage distance for each RAU: Section 8.2, Estimating RF Coverage, on page 8-19. The path loss slope (PLS), which gives a value to the RF propagation characteris-

tics within the building, is used to convert the RF link budget into an estimate of the coverage distance per antenna. This will help establish the Unison equipment quantities you will need. The actual path loss slope that corresponds to the spe-

cific RF environment inside the building can also be determined empirically by performing an RF site-survey of the building. This involves transmitting a cali-

brated tone for a fixed antenna and making measurements with a mobile antenna throughout the area surrounding the transmitter. 6. Determine the items required to connect to the base station: Section 8.6, Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station, on page 8-47. Once you know the quantities of Unison equipment you will use, you can deter-

mine the accessories (combiners/dividers, surge suppressors, repeaters, attenua-

tors, circulators, etc.) that are required to connect the system to the base station. The individual elements that must be considered in designing a Unison solution are discussed in the following sections. 8-2 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU 8.1 Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU The following tables show the recommended maximum power per carrier out of the RAU SMA connector for different frequencies, formats, and numbers of carriers. These limits are dictated by RF signal quality and regulatory emissions issues. The maximum input power to the Main Hub is determined by subtracting the system gain from the maximum output power of the RAU. System gain is software selectable from 0 dB to 15 dB in 1 dB steps. Additionally, both the uplink and downlink RAU gain can be reduced by 10 dB. Therefore, when you connect a Main Hub to a base station or repeater, the RF power per carrier usually needs to be attenuated in order to avoid exceeding Unisons max-

imum composite output power.

(reference to composite power. PS) Refer to Section 8.7, Designing for a Neutral Host System, on page 8-51 when combining frequencies or protocols on a single Main Hub. WARNING: Exceeding the maximum input power could cause perma-

nent damage to the Main Hub. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 8-3 Designing a Unison Solution PRELIMINARY Table 8-1 800 MHz (AMPS) Power per Carrier No. of Carriers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 20 30 Power per Carrier

(dBm) 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.5 9.5 8.5 8.0 7.0 7.0 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.5 5.0 4.0 2.0 WARNING: For 800 MHz AMPS, do not exceed the maximum compos-

ite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time. 8-4 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU Table 8-2 800 MHz (TDMA) Power per Carrier No. of Carriers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 20 30 Power per Carrier

(dBm) 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 9.5 8.5 8.0 7.5 7.0 6.5 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.5 4.5 2.5 WARNING: For 800 MHz TDMA, do not exceed the maximum compos-

ite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 8-5 Designing a Unison Solution PRELIMINARY Table 8-3 800 MHz (CDMA) Power per Carrier No. of Carriers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Power per Carrier

(dBm) 16.0 13.5 12.0 11.0 10.0 9.5 8.5 8.0 WARNING: For 800 MHz CDMA, do not exceed the maximum com-

posite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time. 8-6 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU Table 8-4 800 MHz (iDEN) Power per Carrier No. of Carriers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 20 30 Power per Carrier

(dBm) 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 9.0 8.0 7.0 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.0 0.5 WARNING: For 800 MHz iDEN, do not exceed the maximum compos-

ite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 8-7 Designing a Unison Solution PRELIMINARY Table 8-5 900 MHz (GSM or EGSM) Power per Carrier No. of Carriers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Power per Carrier

(dBm) 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 9.0 8.5 8.0 7.5 7.0 6.5 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.5 5.0 5.0 WARNING: For 900 MHz GSM or EGSM, do not exceed the maximum composite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time. 8-8 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU Table 8-6 900 MHz (EDGE) Power per Carrier No. of Carriers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Power per Carrier

(dBm) 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 9.0 8.5 8.0 7.5 7.0 6.5 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.5 5.0 5.0 WARNING: For 900 MHz EDGE, do not exceed the maximum compos-

ite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 8-9 Designing a Unison Solution PRELIMINARY Table 8-7 1800 MHz (GSM) Power per Carrier No. of Carriers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Power per Carrier

(dBm) 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 9.5 8.5 7.5 7.0 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 5.0 4.5 4.0 WARNING: For 1800 MHz GSM, do not exceed the maximum compos-

ite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time. 8-10 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU Table 8-8 1800 MHz (EDGE) Power per Carrier No. of Carriers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Power per Carrier

(dBm) 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 9.0 8.0 7.5 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.5 WARNING: For 1800 MHz EDGE, do not exceed the maximum com-

posite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 8-11 Designing a Unison Solution PRELIMINARY Table 8-9 1800 MHz (CDMA Korea) Power per Carrier No. of Carriers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Power per Carrier

(dBm) 14.5 12.0 10.5 9.5 8.5 8.0 7.0 6.5 WARNING: For 1800 MHz CDMA (Korea), do not exceed the maxi-

mum composite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time. 8-12 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU Table 8-10 1900 MHz (TDMA) Power per Carrier No. of Carriers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 20 30 Power per Carrier

(dBm) 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 9.0 8.0 7.0 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 5.0 4.5 4.0 4.0 3.0 1.0 WARNING: For 1900 MHz TDMA, do not exceed the maximum com-

posite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 8-13 Designing a Unison Solution PRELIMINARY Table 8-11 1900 MHz (GSM) Power per Carrier No. of Carriers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Power per Carrier

(dBm) 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 9.5 8.5 7.5 7.0 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 5.0 4.5 4.0 WARNING: For 1900 MHz GSM, do not exceed the maximum compos-

ite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time. 8-14 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU Table 8-12 1900 MHz (CDMA) Power per Carrier No. of Carriers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Power per Carrier

(dBm) 14.5 12.0 10.5 9.5 8.5 8.0 7.0 6.5 WARNING: For 1900 MHz CDMA, do not exceed the maximum com-

posite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 8-15 Designing a Unison Solution PRELIMINARY Table 8-13 1900 MHz (EDGE) Power per Carrier No. of Carriers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Power per Carrier

(dBm) 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 9.0 8.0 7.5 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.5 WARNING: For 1900 MHz EDGE, do not exceed the maximum com-

posite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time. 8-16 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU Table 8-14 2.1 GHz (WCDMA) Power per Carrier No. of Carriers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Power per Carrier

(dBm) 14.5 11.0 8.5 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.5 3.5 WARNING: For 2.1 GHz WCDMA, do not exceed the maximum com-

posite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 8-17 Designing a Unison Solution PRELIMINARY Allowing for Future Capacity Growth Sometimes a Unison deployment initially is used to enhance coverage. Later that same system may also need to provide increased capacity. Thus, the initial deploy-

ment might only transmit two carriers but need to transmit four (increase this number? PS) carriers later. There are two options for dealing with this scenario:

1. Design the initial coverage with a maximum power per carrier for four carriers. 2. Design the initial coverage for two carriers but leave Expansion Hub ports unused. These ports can be used later if coverage holes are discovered once the power per carrier is lowered to accommodate the two additional carriers. 8-18 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Estimating RF Coverage 8.2 Estimating RF Coverage The maximum power per carrier (based on the number and type of RF carriers that are being transmitted) and the minimum acceptable received power at the wireless device (i.e., RSSI, the design goal) establish the RF link budget, and consequently the maximum acceptable path loss between the antenna and the wireless device. Figure 8-1 Determining Path Loss between the Antenna and the Wireless Device Antenna and Gain (G) RAU P = power per carrier from the RAU d RSSI = power at the wireless device

(P + Lcoax + G) RSSI = PL

(1) The path loss (PL) is the loss in decibels (dB) between the antenna and the wireless device. The distance, d, from the antenna corresponding to this path loss can be calcu-

lated using the path loss equations in Section 8.2.1 and in Section 8.2.2. The following table lists the coaxial cable loss for XXX size cable. Enrique:

What diameter coax? (Adam) Table 8-15 Coaxial Cable Losses Length of Cable 0.9 m (3 ft) 1.8 m (6 ft) 3.0 m (10 ft) Loss at 800 MHz

(dB) 0.4 0.9 1.5 Loss at 1900 MHz

(dB) 0.6 1.4 2.4 PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 8-19 Designing a Unison Solution PRELIMINARY 8.2.1 Path Loss Equation Indoor path loss obeys the distance power law1 in equation (2):

PL = 20log(4d0f/c) + 10nlog(d/d0) + s

(2) where:

PL is the path loss at a distance, d, from the antenna (the distance between the antenna that is connected to the RAU and the point where the RF signal decreases to the minimum acceptable level at the wireless device). f is the operating frequency in hertz.

d0 is usually taken as 1 meter of free-space.

c is the speed of light in a vacuum (3.0 108 m/sec).

n is the path loss exponent and depends on the building clutter.

s is a normal random variable that depends on partition losses inside the build-

ing, and therefore, depends on the frequency of operation. As a reference, the following table gives estimates of signal loss for some RF barriers.1 Table 8-16 Average Signal Loss of Common Building Materials Partition Type Metal wall Aluminum siding Foil insulation Cubicle walls Concrete block wall Concrete floor Sheetrock Light machinery General machinery Heavy machinery Equipment racks Assembly line Ceiling duct Metal stairs Loss (dB)

@ <2 GHz 26 20 4 1.4 13 10 1 to 2 3 7 11 7 6 5 5 Frequency (MHz) 815 815 815 900 1300 1300 1300 1300 1300 1300 1300 1300 1300 1300 1. Rappaport, Theodore S. Wireless Communications, Principles, and Practice. Prentice Hall PTR, 1996. 8-20 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Coverage Distance 8.2.2 Coverage Distance Equations (1) and (2), on pages 8-19 and 8-20, respectively, can be used to estimate the distance from the antenna to where the RF signal decreases to the minimum acceptable level at the wireless device. Equation (2) can be simplified to:

PL(d) = 20log(4f/c) + PLSlog(d)

(3) where PLS (path loss slope) is chosen to account for the buildings environment. Because different frequencies penetrate partitions with different losses, the value of PLS will vary depending on the frequency. Table 8-17 shows estimated path loss slope (PLS) for various environments that have different clutter (i.e., objects that attenuate the RF signals, such as walls, partitions, stairwells, equipment racks, etc.) Table 8-17 Estimated Path Loss Slope for Different In-Building Environments Facility Manufacturing Hospital Airport Retail Warehouse Parking Garage Office: 80% cubicle/20% hard wall Office: 50% cubicle/50% hard wall Office: 20% cubicle/80% hard wall PLS for 800/900 MHz 35 39.4 35 36.1 35 33.7 36.1 37.6 39.4 PLS for 1800/1900 MHz 32 38.1 32 33.1 32 30.1 33.1 34.8 38.1 For simplicity, Equation (3) can be used to estimate the coverage distance of an antenna that is connected to an RAU, for a given path loss, frequency, and type of in-building environment. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 8-21 Designing a Unison Solution PRELIMINARY Table 8-18 gives the value of the first term of Equation (3) (i.e., (20log(4f/c)) for various frequency bands. Table 8-18 Frequency Bands and the Value of the first Term in Equation (3) 800 MHz Cellular 800 MHz iDEN 900 MHz GSM 900 MHz EGSM 1800 MHz DCS 1800 MHz CDMA (Korea) 1900 MHz PCS 2.1 GHz UMTS Band (MHz) Uplink 824849 806824 890915 880915 17101785 17501780 18501910 19201980 Downlink 869894 851869 935960 925960 18051880 18401870 19301990 21102170 Mid-Band Frequency

(MHz) 859 837.5 925 920 1795 1810 1920 2045 20log(4f/c) 31.1 30.9 31.8 31.7 37.5 37.6 38.1 TBD 8-22 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Coverage Distance For reference, Tables 8-19 through 8-25 show the distance covered by an antenna for various in-building environments. The following assumptions were made:

Path loss Equation (3)

6 dBm output per carrier at the RAU output

3 dBi antenna gain

RSSI = 85 dBm (typical for narrowband protocols, but not for spread-spec-

trum protocols) Table 8-19 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 800 MHz Cellular Applications Distance from Antenna Facility Manufacturing Hospital Airport Retail Warehouse Parking Garage Office: 80% cubicle/20% hard wall Office: 50% cubicle/50% hard wall Office: 20% cubicle/80% hard wall Meters 63 39 63 55 63 73 55 47 39 Feet 205 129 205 181 205 241 181 154 129 Table 8-20 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 800 MHz iDEN Applications Distance from Antenna Facility Manufacturing Hospital Airport Retail Warehouse Parking Garage Office: 80% cubicle/20% hard wall Office: 50% cubicle/50% hard wall Office: 20% cubicle/80% hard wall Meters 64 40 64 56 64 75 56 48 40 Feet 208 131 208 184 208 244 184 156 131 PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 8-23 Designing a Unison Solution PRELIMINARY Table 8-21 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 900 MHz GSM Applications Distance from Antenna Facility Manufacturing Hospital Airport Retail Warehouse Parking Garage Office: 80% cubicle/20% hard wall Office: 50% cubicle/50% hard wall Office: 20% cubicle/80% hard wall Meters 60 38 60 53 60 70 53 45 38 Feet 197 125 197 174 197 230 174 148 125 Table 8-22 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 900 MHz EGSM Applications Distance from Antenna Facility Manufacturing Hospital Airport Retail Warehouse Parking Garage Office: 80% cubicle/20% hard wall Office: 50% cubicle/50% hard wall Office: 20% cubicle/80% hard wall Meters 60 38 60 53 60 70 53 45 38 Feet 197 125 197 174 197 231 174 149 125 8-24 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Coverage Distance Table 8-23 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 1800 MHz DCS Applications Distance from Antenna Facility Manufacturing Hospital Airport Retail Warehouse Parking Garage Office: 80% cubicle/20% hard wall Office: 50% cubicle/50% hard wall Office: 20% cubicle/80% hard wall Meters 58 30 58 51 58 75 50 42 30 Feet 191 100 191 167 191 246 166 137 100 Table 8-24 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 1800 MHz CDMA (Korea) Applications Distance from Antenna Facility Manufacturing Hospital Airport Retail Warehouse Parking Garage Office: 80% cubicle/20% hard wall Office: 50% cubicle/50% hard wall Office: 20% cubicle/80% hard wall Meters 58 30 58 51 58 75 51 42 30 Feet 191 100 191 167 191 247 167 138 100 PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 8-25 Designing a Unison Solution PRELIMINARY Table 8-25 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 1900 MHz PCS Applications Distance from Antenna Facility Manufacturing Hospital Airport Retail Warehouse Parking Garage Office: 80% cubicle/20% hard wall Office: 50% cubicle/50% hard wall Office: 20% cubicle/80% hard wall Meters 56 29 56 49 56 72 49 40 29 Feet 183 96 183 160 183 236 160 132 96 Table 8-26 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 2.1 GHz UMTS Applications Distance from Antenna Facility Manufacturing Hospital Airport Retail Warehouse Parking Garage Office: 80% cubicle/20% hard wall Office: 50% cubicle/50% hard wall Office: 20% cubicle/80% hard wall Meters 54 28 54 47 54 69 47 39 28 Feet 176 93 176 154 176 226 154 128 93 8-26 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Examples of Design Estimates 8.2.3 Examples of Design Estimates Example Design Estimate for an 800 MHz TDMA Application 1. Design goals:

Cellular (859 MHz = average of the lowest uplink and the highest downlink frequency in 800 MHz Cellular band)

TDMA provider

6 TDMA carriers in the system

85 dBm design goal (to 95% of the building) the minimum received power at the wireless device

Base station with simplex RF connections 2. Power Per Carrier: The tables in Section 8.1, Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU, on page 8-3 provide maximum power per carrier information. The 800 MHz TDMA table (on page 8-5) indicates that Unison can support 6 car-

riers with a recommended maximum power per carrier of 10.5 dBm. The input power should be set to the desired output power minus the system gain. 3. Building information:

8 floor building with 9,290 sq. meters (100,000 sq. ft.) per floor; total 74,322 sq. meters (800,000 sq. ft.)

Walls are sheetrock construction; suspended ceiling tiles

Antennas used will be omni-directional, ceiling mounted

Standard office environment, 50% hard wall offices and 50% cubicles 4. Link Budget: In this example, a design goal of 85 dBm is used. Suppose 3 dBi omni-directional antennas are used in the design. Then, the maximum RF propa-

gation loss should be no more than 98.5 dB (10.5 dBm + 3 dBi + 85 dBm) over 95% of the area being covered. It is important to note that a design goal such as 85 dBm is usually derived taking into account multipath fading and log-normal shadowing characteristics. Thus, this design goal will only be met on average over 95% of the area being covered. At any given point, a fade may bring the sig-

nal level underneath the design goal. Note that this method of calculating a link budget is only for the downlink path. For information to calculate link budgets for both the downlink and uplink paths, see Section 8.4 on page 8-32. 5. Path Loss Slope: For a rough estimate, Table 8-17, Estimated Path Loss Slope for Different In-Building Environments on page 8-21, shows that a building with 50%

hard wall offices and 50% cubicles, at 859 MHz, has an approximate path loss slope

(PLS) of 37.6. Given the RF link budget of 98.5 dB, the distance of coverage from each RAU will be 60/62 meters (198/203 ft). This corresponds to a coverage area of 11,465/12,079 sq. meters (123,409/129,952 sq. ft.) per RAU (see Section 8.2.1 for details on path loss estimation). For this case we assumed a circu-

lar radiation pattern, though the actual area covered will depend upon the pattern of the antenna and the obstructions in the facility. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 8-27 Designing a Unison Solution PRELIMINARY Adam and Rich provided different distance numbers. Which are correct? JW 6. Equipment Required: Since you know the building size, you can now estimate the Unison equipment quantities that will be needed. Before any RF levels are tested in the building, you can estimate that 2 antennas per level will be needed. a. 1 antenna per floor 8 floors = 8 RAUs b. 8 RAUs 8 (max 8 RAUs per Expansion Hub) = 1 Expansion Hubs c. 1 Expansion Hubs 4 (max 4 Expansion Hubs per Main Hub) = 1 Main Hub Check that the MMF and Cat-5 cable distances are as recommended. If the dis-

tances differ, use the tables in Section 8.3, System Gain, on page 8-31 to deter-

mine system gains or losses. The path loss may need to be recalculated to assure adequate signal levels in the required coverage distance. The above estimates assume that all cable length requirements are met. If Expansion Hubs cannot be placed so that the RAUs are within the distance requirement, addi-

tional Expansion Hubs may need to be placed closer to the required RAUs locations. An RF Site Survey and Building Evaluation is required to accurately establish the Unison equipment quantities required for the building. The site survey measures the RF losses within the building to determine the actual PLS, which will be used in the final path loss formula to determine the actual requirements of the Unison system. 8-28 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Examples of Design Estimates Example Design Estimate for an 1900 MHz CDMA Application 1. Design goals:

PCS (1920 MHz = average of the lowest uplink and the highest downlink fre-

quency in 1900 MHz PCS band)

CDMA provider

8 CDMA carriers in the system

85 dBm design goal (to 95% of the building) the minimum received power at the wireless device

Base station with simplex RF connections 2. Power Per Carrier: The tables in Section 8.1, Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU, on page 8-3 provide maximum power per carrier information. The 1900 MHz CDMA table (on page 8-15) indicates that Unison can support 8 carriers with a recommended maximum power per carrier of 6.5 dBm. The input power should be set to the desired output power minus the system gain. 3. Building information:

16 floor building with 9,290 sq. meters (100,000 sq. ft.) per floor; total 148,640 sq. meters (1,600,000 sq. ft.)

Walls are sheetrock construction; suspended ceiling tiles

Antennas used will be omni-directional, ceiling mounted

Standard office environment, 80% hard wall offices and 20% cubicles 4. Link Budget: In this example, a design goal of 85 dBm is used. Suppose 3 dBi omni-directional antennas are used in the design. Then, the maximum RF propa-

gation loss should be no more than 94.5 dB (6.5 dBm + 3 dBi + 85 dBm) over 95% of the area being covered. It is important to note that a design goal such as 85 dBm is usually derived taking into account multipath fading and log-normal shadowing characteristics. Thus, this design goal will only be met on average over 95% of the area being covered. At any given point, a fade may bring the sig-

nal level underneath the design goal. Note that this method of calculating a link budget is only for the downlink path. For information to calculate link budgets for both the downlink and uplink paths, see Section 8.4 on page 8-32. 5. Path Loss Slope: For a rough estimate, Table 8-17, Estimated Path Loss Slope for Different In-Building Environments on page 8-21, shows that a building with 80%

hard wall offices and 20% cubicles, at 1920 MHz, has an approximate path loss slope (PLS) of 38.1. Given the RF link budget of 94.5 dB, the distance of coverage from each RAU will be 50 meters (166 ft). This corresponds to a coverage area of 8,031 sq. meters (86,404 sq. ft.) per RAU (see Section 8.2.1 for details on path loss estimation). For this case we assumed a circular radiation pattern, though the actual area covered will depend upon the pattern of the antenna and the obstructions in the facility. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 8-29 Designing a Unison Solution PRELIMINARY 6. Equipment Required: Since you know the building size, you can now estimate the Unison equipment quantities that will be needed. Before any RF levels are tested in the building, you can estimate that 2 antennas per level will be needed. a. 2 antennas per floor 16 floors = 32 RAUs b. 32 RAUs 8 (max 8 RAUs per Expansion Hub) = 4 Expansion Hubs c. 4 Expansion Hubs 4 (max 4 Expansion Hubs per Main Hub) = 1 Main Hub Check that the MMF and Cat-5 cable distances are as recommended. If the dis-

tances differ, use the tables in Section 8.3, System Gain, on page 8-31 to deter-

mine system gains or losses. The path loss may need to be recalculated to assure adequate signal levels in the required coverage distance. The above estimates assume that all cable length requirements are met. If Expansion Hubs cannot be placed so that the RAUs are within the distance requirement, addi-

tional Expansion Hubs may need to be placed closer to the required RAUs locations. An RF Site Survey and Building Evaluation is required to accurately establish the Unison equipment quantities required for the building. The site survey measures the RF losses within the building to determine the actual PLS, which will be used in the final path loss formula to determine the actual requirements of the Unison system. 8-30 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY System Gain 8.3 System Gain The system gain can be decreased from 15 dB to 0 dB gain in 1 dB increments and the uplink and downlink gain of any RAU can be decreased by 10 dB in one step using AdminManager or OpsConsole. 8.3.1 System Gain (Loss) Relative to ScTP Cable Length The recommended minimum length of ScTP cable is 20 meters (66 ft) and the recom-

mended maximum length is 100 meters (328 ft). If the ScTP cable is less than 10 meters (33 ft), system performance may not meet specifications. If the ScTP cable is longer than 100 meters (328 ft), the gain of the system will decrease, as shown in Table 8-27. Table 8-27 System Gain (Loss) Relative to ScTP Cable Length Typical change in system gain (dB) Uplink Downlink 0.7 2.4 4.1 5.8 7.6 1.0 3.2 5.3 7.5 9.7 ScTP Cable Length 800 MHz TDMA/AMPS and CDMA; 900 MHz GSM and EGSM; and iDEN 110 m / 361 ft 120 m / 394 ft 130 m / 426 ft 140 m / 459 ft 150 m / 492 ft 1800 MHz GSM (DCS); 1900 MHz TDMA, CDMA, and GSM 110 m / 361 ft 120 m / 394 ft 130 m / 426 ft 140 m / 459 ft 150 m / 492 ft 2.1 GHz UMTS 110 m / 361 ft 120 m / 394 ft 130 m / 426 ft 140 m / 459 ft 150 m / 492 ft 1.0 4.0 6.4 8.8 11.3 0.7 2.4 4.1 5.8 7.6 I need 2.1 GHz figures for this table. JW PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 8-31 Designing a Unison Solution PRELIMINARY 8.4 Link Budget Analysis A link budget is a methodical way to account for the gains and losses in an RF system so that the quality of coverage can be predicted. The end result can often be stated as a design goal in which the coverage is determined by the maximum distance from each RAU before the signal strength falls beneath that goal. One key feature of the link budget is the maximum power per carrier discussed in Section 8.1. While the maximum power per carrier is important as far as emissions and signal quality requirements are concerned, it is critical that the maximum signal into the Main Hub never exceed 1W (+30 dBm). Composite power levels above this limit will cause damage to the Main Hub. WARNING: Exceeding the maximum input power of 1W (+30 dBm) could cause permanent damage to the Main Hub. 8-32 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Elements of a Link Budget for Narrowband Standards 8.4.1 Elements of a Link Budget for Narrowband Standards The link budget represents a typical calculation that might be used to determine how much path loss can be afforded in a Unison design. This link budget analyzes both the downlink and uplink paths. For most configurations, the downlink requires lower path loss and is therefore the limiting factor in the system design. It is for this reason that a predetermined design goal for the downlink is sufficient to predict coverage distance. The link budget is organized in a simple manner: the transmitted power is calculated, the airlink losses due to fading and body loss are summed, and the receiver sensitivity

(minimum level a signal can be received for acceptable call quality) is calculated. The maximum allowable path loss (in dB) is the difference between the transmitted power, less the airlink losses, and the receiver sensitivity. From the path loss, the maximum coverage distance can be estimated using the path loss formula presented in Section 8.2.1. Table 8-28 provides link budget considerations for narrowband systems. Table 8-28 Link Budget Considerations for Narrowband Systems Consideration BTS Transmit Power Attenuation between BTS and Unison Unison Gain Antenna Gain BTS Noise Figure Unison Noise Figure Description The power per carrier transmitted from the base station output This includes all losses: cable, attenuator, splitter/combiner, and so forth. On the downlink, attenuation must be chosen so that the maximum power per carrier going into the Main Hub does not exceed the levels given in Section 8.1. On the uplink, attenuation is chosen to keep the maximum uplink signal and noise level low enough to prevent base station alarms but small enough not to cause degradation in the system sensitivity. If the Unison noise figure minus the attenuation is at least 10 dB higher than the BTS noise figure, the system noise figure will be approximately that of Unison alone. See Section 8.6 for ways to inde-

pendently set the uplink and downlink attenuations between the base station and Unison. This is the system gain (see Table 8-26 on page 8-29) The radiated output power includes antenna gain. For example, if you use a 3 dBi antenna at the RAU that is transmitting 0 dBm per carrier, the effective radiated power (relative to an isotropic radiator) is 3 dBm per carrier. This is the effective noise floor of the base station input (usually base station sensitivity is this effec-

tive noise floor plus a certain C/I ratio). This is Unisons uplink noise figure, which varies depending on the number of Expansion Hubs and RAUs, and the frequency band. Unisons uplink noise figure is specified for a 1-1-4 configuration. Thus, the noise figure for a Unison system (or multiple systems whose uplink ports are power com-

bined) will be NF(1-1-4) + 10*log(# of Expansion Hubs). This represents an upper-bound because the noise figure is lower if any of the Expansion Hubs RAU ports are not used. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 8-33 Designing a Unison Solution PRELIMINARY Table 8-28 Link Budget Considerations for Narrowband Systems (continued) Consideration Thermal Noise Description This is the noise level in the signal bandwidth (BW). Thermal noise power = 174 dBm/Hz + 10Log(BW). Protocol TDMA CDMA GSM iDEN Signal Bandwidth 30 kHz 1.25 MHz 200 kHz 25 kHz Thermal Noise 129 dBm 113 dBm 121 dBm 130 dBm spread-spectrum, remove?

PS Required C/I ratio Mobile Transmit Power Multipath Fade Margin Log-normal Fade Margin Body Loss Minimum Received Signal Level For each wireless standard a certain C/I (carrier to interference) ratio is needed to obtain acceptable demodulation performance. For narrowband systems, (TDMA, GSM, EDGE, iDEN, AMPS) this level varies from about 9 dB to 20 dB. The maximum power the mobile can transmit (power transmitted at highest power level setting). This margin allows for a certain level of fading due to multipath interference. Inside buildings there is often one or more fairly strong signals and many weaker signals arriving from reflections and dif-

fraction. Signals arriving from multiple paths add constructively or destructively. This margin accounts for the possibility of destructive multipath interference. In RF site surveys this margin will not appear because it will be averaged out over power level samples taken over many locations. This margin adds an allowance for RF shadowing due to objects obstructing the direct path between the mobile equipment and the RAU. In RF site surveys, this shadowing will not appear because it will be averaged out over power level samples taken over many locations. This accounts for RF attenuation caused by the users head and body. This is also referred to as the design goal. The link budget says that you can achieve adequate cov-

erage if the signal level is, on average, above this level over 95% of the area covered, for example. 8-34 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Narrowband Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell Application 8.4.2 Narrowband Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell Application Adam, Any WCDMA issues?

(PS) Narrowband Link Budget Analysis: Downlink Line Downlink Transmitter a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. m. n. p. BTS transmit power per carrier (dBm) Attenuation between BTS and Unison (dB) Power into Unison (dBm) Unison gain (dB) Antenna gain (dBi) Radiated power per carrier (dBm) Airlink Multipath fade margin (dB) Log-normal fade margin with 8 dB std. deviation, edge reliability 90%

(dB) Body loss (dB) Airlink losses (not including facility path loss) Receiver Thermal noise (dBm/30 kHz) Mobile noise figure (dB) Required C/I ratio (dB) Minimum received signal (dBm) Maximum path loss (dB) 33 23 10 0 3 13 6 10 3 19 129 7 12 110 104

c = a + b f = c + d + e

j = g + h + i

n = k + l + m

k: in this example, k represents the thermal noise for a TDMA signal, which has a bandwidth of 30 kHz

p = f j n PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 8-35 Designing a Unison Solution PRELIMINARY Narrowband Link Budget Analysis: Uplink Line Uplink Receiver a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. m. n. p. BTS noise figure (dB) Attenuation between BTS and Unison (dB) Unison gain (dB) Unison noise figure (dB) 1-4-32 System noise figure (dB) Thermal noise (dBm/30 kHz) Required C/I ratio (dB) Antenna gain (dBi) Receive sensitivity (dBm) Airlink Multipath fade margin (dB) Log-normal fade margin with 8 dB std. deviation, edge reliability 90%

(dB) Body loss (dB) Airlink losses (not including facility path loss) Transmitter Mobile transmit power (dBm) Maximum path loss (dB) 4 10 0 22 22.6 129 12 3 97.4 6 10 3 19 28 106.4

e: enter the noise figure and gain of each system component (a, b, c, and d) into the standard cascaded noise figure formula Fsys = F1 +

F2 1 G1

F3 1 G1G2

+ .... where

(Noise Figure/10) F = 10 G = 10(Gain/10)

(See Rappaport, Theodore S. Wireless Communications, Principles, and Practice. Prentice Hall PTR, 1996.) i = f + e + g h

m = j + k + l

p = n m i 8-36 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Elements of a Link Budget for CDMA Standards 8.4.3 Elements of a Link Budget for CDMA Standards A CDMA link budget is slightly more complicated because the spread spectrum nature of CDMA must be considered. Unlike narrowband standards such as TDMA and GSM, CDMA signals are spread over a relatively wide frequency band. Upon reception, the CDMA signal is de-spread. In the de-spreading process the power in the received signal becomes concentrated into a narrow band, whereas the noise level remains unchanged. Hence, the signal-to-noise ratio of the de-spread signal is higher than that of the CDMA signal before de-spreading. This increase is called processing gain. For IS-95 and J-STD-008, the processing gain is 21 dB or 19 dB depending on the user data rate (9.6 Kbps for rate set 1 and 14.4 Kbps for rate set 2, respectively). Because of the processing gain, a CDMA signal (comprising one Walsh code channel within the composite CDMA signal) can be received at a lower level than that required for narrowband signals. A reasonable level is 95 dBm, which results in about 85 dBm composite as shown below. An important issue to keep in mind is that the downlink CDMA signal is composed of many orthogonal channels: pilot, paging, sync, and traffic. The composite power level is the sum of the powers from the individual channels. An example is given in the following table. Table 8-29 Distribution of Power within a CDMA Signal Channel Pilot Sync Primary Paging Traffic Walsh Code Number Relative Power Level 0 32 1 20%

5%

19%

831, 3363 9% (per traffic channel) 7.0 dB 13.3 dB 7.3 dB 10.3 dB This table assumes that there are 15 active traffic channels operating with 50% voice activity (so that the total power adds up to 100%). Notice that the pilot and sync chan-

nels together contribute about 25% of the power. When measuring the power in a CDMA signal you must be aware that if only the pilot and sync channels are active, the power level will be about 6 to 7 dB lower than the maximum power level you can expect when all voice channels are active. The implication is that if only the pilot and sync channels are active, and the maximum power per carrier table says that you should not exceed 10 dBm for a CDMA signal, for example, then you should set the attenuation between the base station and the Main Hub so that the Main Hub receives 3 dBm (assuming 0 dB system gain). An additional consideration for CDMA systems is that the uplink and downlink paths should be gain and noise balanced. This is required for proper operation of soft-hand-

off to the outdoor network as well as preventing excess interference that is caused by mobiles on the indoor system transmitting at power levels that are not coordinated with the outdoor mobiles. This balance is achieved if the power level transmitted by the mobiles under close-loop power control is similar to the power level transmitted under open-loop power control. The open-loop power control equation is PTX + PRX = 73 dBm (for Cellular, IS-95) PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 8-37 Designing a Unison Solution PRELIMINARY PTX + PRX = 76 dBm (for PCS, J-STD-008) where PTX is the mobiles transmitted power and PRX is the power received by the mobile. The power level transmitted under closed-loop power control is adjusted by the base station to achieve a certain Eb/N0 (explained in Table 8-30 on page 8-38). The differ-

ence between these power levels, P, can be estimated by comparing the power radi-

ated from the RAU, Pdownink, to the minimum received signal, Puplink, at the RAU:

P = Pdownink + Puplink + 73 dBm (for Cellular) P = Pdownink + Puplink + 76 dBm (for PCS) Its a good idea to keep 12 dB < P < 12 dB. Table 8-30 provides link budget considerations for CDMA systems. Consideration Multipath Fade Margin Power per car-

rier, downlink Table 8-30 Additional Link Budget Considerations for CDMA Systems Description The multipath fade margin can be reduced (by at least 3 dB) by using different lengths of optical fiber (this is called delay diversity). The delay over fiber is approximately 5S/km. If the difference in fiber lengths to Expansion Hubs with overlapping coverage areas produces at least 1 chip (0.8S) delay of one path relative to the other, then the multipaths signals can be resolved and processed independently by the base stations rake receiver. A CDMA signal traveling through 163 meters of MMF cable will be delayed by approximately one chip. This depends on how many channels are active. For example, the signal will be about 7 dB lower if only the pilot, sync, and paging channels are active compared to a fully-loaded CDMA signal. Furthermore, in the CDMA forward link, voice channels are turned off when the user is not speaking. On average this is assumed to be about 50% of the time. So, in the spreadsheet, both the power per Walsh code channel (rep-

resenting how much signal a mobile will receive on the Walsh code that it is de-spreading) and the total power are used. The channel power is needed to determine the maximum path loss, and the total power is needed to deter-

mine how hard the Unison system is being driven. The total power for a fully-loaded CDMA signal is given by (approximately):

total power = voice channel power + 13 dB + 10log10 (50%)

= voice channel power + 10 dB Information Rate This is simply 10log10(9.6 Kbps) = 40 dB for rate set 1 10log10(14.4 Kbps) = 42 dB for rate set 2 Process Gain The process of de-spreading the desired signal boosts that signal relative to the noise and interference. This gain needs to be included in the link budget. In the following formulas, PG = process gain:

PG = 10log10(1.25 MHz / 9.6 Kbps) = 21 dB rate set 1 PG = 10log10(1.25 MHz / 14.4 Kbps) = 19 dB rate set 2 Note that the process gain can also be expressed as 10log10 (CDMA bandwidth) minus the information rate. 8-38 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Elements of a Link Budget for CDMA Standards Consideration Eb/No Table 8-30 Additional Link Budget Considerations for CDMA Systems Description This is the energy-per-bit divided by the received noise and interference. Its the CDMA equivalent of sig-

nal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This figure depends on the mobiles receiver and the multipath environment. For example, the multipath delays inside a building are usually too small for a rake receiver in the mobile (or base station) to resolve and coherently combine multipath components. However, if artificial delay can be introduced by, for instance, using different lengths of cable, then the required Eb/No will be lower and the multipath fade margin in the link budget can be reduced in some cases. If the receiver noise figure is NF (dB), then the receive sensitivity (dBm) is given by:

Psensitivity = NF + Eb/No + thermal noise in a 1.25 MHz band PG

= NF + Eb/No 113 (dBm/1.25 MHz) PG Noise Rise On the uplink, the noise floor is determined not only by the Unison system, but also by the number of mobiles that are transmitting. This is because when the base station attempts to de-spread a particular mobiles signal, all other mobile signals appear to be noise. Because the noise floor rises as more mobiles try to communicate with a base station, the more mobiles there are, the more power they have to transmit. Hence, the noise floor rises rapidly:

Hand-off Gain noise rise = 10log10(1 / (1 loading)) where loading is the number of users as a percentage of the theoretical maximum number of users. Typically, a base station is set to limit the loading to 75%. This noise ratio must be included in the link budget as a worst-case condition for uplink sensitivity. If there are less users than 75% of the maximum, then the uplink coverage will be better than predicted. CDMA supports soft hand-off, a process by which the mobile communicates simultaneously with more than one base station or more than one sector of a base station. Soft hand-off provides improved receive sensitivity because there are two or more receivers or transmitters involved. A line for hand-off gain is included in the CDMA link budgets worksheet although the gain is set to 0 dB because the in-building system will probably be designed to limit soft-handoff. Other CDMA Issues

Never combine multiple sectors (more than one CDMA signal at the same fre-

quency) into a Unison system. The combined CDMA signals will interfere with each other.

Try to minimize overlap between in-building coverage areas that utilize different sectors, as well as in-building coverage and outdoor coverage areas. This is impor-

tant because any area in which more than one dominant pilot signal (at the same frequency) is measured by the mobile will result in soft-handoff. Soft-handoff decreases the overall network capacity by allocating multiple channel resources to a single mobile phone. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 8-39 Designing a Unison Solution PRELIMINARY 8.4.4 Spread Spectrum Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell Application Spread Spectrum Link Budget Analysis: Downlink Line Downlink Transmitter a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. m. n. o. p. q. r. s. t. u. v. w. x. BTS transmit power per traffic channel (dBm) Voice activity factor Composite power (dBm) Attenuation between BTS and Unison (dB) Power per channel into Unison (dBm) Composite power into Unison (dBm) Unison gain (dB) Antenna gain (dBi) Radiated power per channel (dBm) Composite radiated power (dBm) Airlink Handoff gain (dB) Multipath fade margin (dB) Log-normal fade margin with 8 dB std. deviation, edge reliability 90% (dB) Additional loss (dB) Body loss (dB) Airlink losses (not including facility path loss) Receiver Mobile noise figure (dB) Thermal noise (dBm/Hz) Receiver interference density (dBm/Hz) Information ratio (dB/Hz) Required Eb/(No+lo) Receive Sensitivity (dBm) Minimum received signal (dBm) Maximum path loss (dB) Adam, you said to move y to the next page, but didnt tell me where to move it to. Julie y. Difference between open- and closed-loop transmitter power (dB) 30.0 50%

40.0 24 9.0 16.0 0.0 3.0 12.0 19.0 0.0 6.0 10.0 0.0 3.0 19.0 7.0 174.0 167.0 41.6 7.0 118.4 99.4 99.4 2.0 8-40 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Spread Spectrum Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell Application

b and c: see notes in Table 8-30 regarding power per carrier, downlink

e = a + d f = c + d

i = e + g + h

j = f + g + h

p = k + l + m + n + o

s = q + r

v = s + t + u

w = p + v

x = j w

y = j (downlink) + m (uplink) + P where P = Ptx + Prx = 73 dB for Cellular 76 dB for PCS PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 8-41 Designing a Unison Solution PRELIMINARY Spread Spectrum Link Budget Analysis: Uplink Line Uplink Receiver a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. m. n. o. p. q. r. s. t. BTS noise figure (dB) Attenuation between BTS and Unison (dB) Unison gain (dB) Unison noise figure (dB) System noise figure (dB) Thermal noise (dBm/Hz) Noise rise 75% loading (dB) Receiver interference density (dBm/Hz) Information rate (dB/Hz) Required Eb/(No+lo) Handoff gain (dB) Antenna gain (dBi) Minimum received signal (dBm) Airlink Multipath fade margin (dB) Log-normal fade margin with 8 dB std. deviation, edge reliability 90% (dB) Additional loss (dB) Body loss (dB) Airlink losses (not including facility path loss) Transmitter Mobile transmit power (dBm) Maximum path loss (dB) 3.0 30.0 0.0 22.0 33.3 174.0 6.0 134.6 41.6 5.0 0.0 3.0 91.1 6.0 10.0 0.0 3.0 19.0 28.0 100.1 8-42 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Spread Spectrum Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell Application

e: enter the noise figure and gain of each system component (a, b, c, and d) into the standard cascaded noise figure formula Fsys = F1 +

F2 1 G1

F3 1 G1G2

+ .... where

(Noise Figure/10) F = 10 G = 10(Gain/10)

(See Rappaport, Theodore S. Wireless Communications, Principles, and Practice. Prentice Hall PTR, 1996.)

h = e + f + g

m = h + i + j k l

r = n + o + p + q t = s r m PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 8-43 Designing a Unison Solution PRELIMINARY 8.4.5 Considerations for Re-Radiation (over-the-air) Systems The Unison can be used to extend the coverage of the outdoor network by connecting to a roof-top donor antenna that is pointed toward an outdoor base station. Additional considerations for such an application of the Unison are:

Sizing the gain and output power requirements for a bi-directional amplifier

(repeater).

Ensuring that noise radiated on the uplink from the in-building system does not cause the outdoor base station to become desensitized to wireless handsets in the outdoor network.

Filtering out signals that lie in adjacent frequency bands. For instance, if you are providing coverage for Cellular B-band operation it may be necessary to filter out the A, A and A bands which may contain strong signals from other outdoor base stations. Further information on these issues can be found in LGC Wireless application notes for re-radiation applications. Rich, are we supporting re-rad applications? (PS) 8-44 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Optical Power Budget 8.5 Optical Power Budget Rich is updating this section for Unison. Unison uses SC/APC connectors. The connector losses associated with mating to these connectors is accounted for in the design and should not be included as ele-

ments of the Optical Power Budget. The reason is that when the Optical Power Bud-

get is defined, measurements are taken with these connectors in place. The Main Hub/Expansion Hub link uses one fiber strand and its Optical Power Budget is:

Uplink: 5.5 dB @ 1550 nm

Downlink: 7 dB @ 1310 nm The following figure shows what is to be included when calculating Optical Power Budget losses. Figure 1 Losses to be Included in Optical Power Budget Mated SC/APC Connectors Main Hub Expansion Hub To be included in Optical Power Budget ISP Cable OSP Cable ISP Cable OSP POE OSP POE MH Equipment Room EH Equipment Room SMF Jumper Fusion Splice FDP SC/APC Bulk Head OSP = Outside Plant ISP = Inside Plant POE = Point of Entry PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 8-45 Designing a Unison Solution PRELIMINARY The following table lists the typical losses from the configuration shown in Figure 1. Downlink

(1310 nm) Loss Subtotal Description Optical Power Budget (dB) Inside Plant Cable Loss (dB/km) Cable Length (km)a SMF Jumper Loss (approx. dB/km)b SC/APC Insertion Loss (dB): 4 used Fusion Splice Loss (dB): 6 used Losses (dB) Available budget for OSP (dB)

(Optical Power Budget Known Losses) Outside Plant Cable Loss (dB/km) Optical Power Budget Known Losses Outside Plant Cable Loss

= Potential Fiber Length (km)c 7 0.5 1.2 1.0 0.25 0.05 0.35 7 5.1 0.35 14.57 Loss Subtotal Uplink

(1550 nm) 5.5 0.5 Source LGC Wireless OCC/

CommScope 0.6 0.0 1.0 0.3 Alcoa Fujikura 1.9 Siecor 3.6 CommScope 0.6 0.0 1.0 0.3 1.9 5.1 1.2 0.5 0.25 0.05 0.25 5.5 3.6 0.25 14.40 a. This length will vary for each individual building. b. It is assumed that the SMF jumpers are less than a meter and therefore their loss is negligible. c. Actual fiber length may vary due to the quantity and quality of fiber splices in the OSP network. NOTE: Where known losses are less than 1.7 dB (1310 or 1550), the potential reach will exceed 15 km. For CDMA, care must be taken to ensure that the fiber-induced latencies do not conflict with the Operators PN offset plan. 8-46 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station 8.6 Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station The first consideration when connecting Unison Main Hubs to a base station is to ensure there is an equal amount of loss through cables, combiners, etc. from the base station to the Main Hubs. For this example, assume that the base station will have simplex connections, one uplink and one downlink. Each of these connections will need to be divided to equilibrate power for each Main Hub. For example, two Main Hubs will require a 21 combiner/divider; four Main Hubs will require a 41 com-

biner/divider; and so on. Figure 8-2 Connecting Main Hubs to a Simplex Base Station Base Station 2 1 combiner/divider Downlink/Forward Uplink/Reverse Main Hub 1 Main Hub 2 When connecting a Unison Main Hub to a base station, also consider the following:

1. The downlink power from the base station must be attenuated enough so that the power radiated by the RAU does not exceed the maximum power per carrier listed in Section 8.1, Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU, on page 8-3. 2. The uplink attenuation should be small enough that the sensitivity of the overall system is limited by Unison, not by the attenuator. However, some base stations will trigger alarms if the noise or signal levels are too high. In this case the attenu-

ation will have to be large enough to prevent this from happening. If, in an area covered by Unison, a mobile phone indicates good signal strength but consistently has difficulty completing calls, it is possible that the attenuation between Unison and the base station needs to be adjusted. In other words, it is possible that if the uplink is over-attenuated, the downlink power will provide good coverage, but the uplink coverage distance will be small. When there is an excessive amount of loss between the Main Hub uplink and the base station, the uplink system gain can be increased to as much as 15 dB to prevent a reduction in the overall system sensitivity. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 8-47 Designing a Unison Solution PRELIMINARY 8.6.1 Attenuation Figure 8-3 shows a typical setup wherein a duplex base station is connected to a Main Hub. For a simplex base station, eliminate the circulator and connect the simplex ports of the base station to the simplex ports of the Main Hub. Add attenuators to reg-

ulate the power appropriately. Figure 8-3 Main Hub to Duplex Base Station or Repeater Connections Duplex Base Station or Repeater A3 A1 A2 Forward Main Hub Reverse

A typical circulator has an IP3 of +70dBm. If you drive the circulator too hard it will produce intermods that are bigger than the intermods produced by Unison. The IP3 at the Forward port input of the Main Hub is approximately +38 dBm. The IP3 of the circulator at that same point (i.e., following attenuator A1) is +70dBm A1. Thus, to keep the system IP3 from being adversely affected by the circulator, attenuator A1 should be no more than approxi-

mately +30 dB.

A filter diplexer can be used in place of the circulator. The IP3 of the diplexer can be assumed to be greater than +100 dBm. If a diplexer is used, A3 can be omitted.

A1+A3 should be chosen so that the output power per carrier at the RAUs output is correct for the number of carriers being transmitted. Suppose the base station transmits 36 dBm per carrier and it is desired that the RAU output be 6 dBm per carrier and the forward port gain is 0 dB. Then A1+A3=30 dB.

A2+A3 should, ideally, be at least 10 dB less than the noise figure plus the gain of the Uni-

son system. For example, if the reverse port has a 0 dB gain and if there are 32 RAUs, the noise figure is approximately 22 dB. So A2+A3 should be about 10 dB. If A2+A3 is too large, the uplink coverage can be severely reduced.

Given these three equations:

A1 < 30 dB A1+A3 = 30 dB (in this example) A2+A3 < 10 dB (in this example) we could choose A1=20 dB, A2=0 dB, A3=10 dB 8-48 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Uplink Attenuation 8.6.2 Uplink Attenuation The attenuation between the Main Hubs reverse port and the base station does two things:

1. It attenuates the noise coming out of Unison. It attenuates the desired signals coming out of Unison. 2. Setting the attenuation on the uplink is a trade-off between keeping the noise and maximum signal levels transmitted from Unison to the base station receiver low while not reducing the SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) of the path from the RAU inputs to the base station inputs. This SNR can not be better than the SNR of Unison by itself, although it can be significantly worse. For example, suppose we have a GSM Unison system consisting of one Main Hub, four Expansion Hubs, and 32 RAUs (1-4-32) with uplink NF=22 dB. (See Table 8-30 on page 8-38.) If we use 30 dB of attenuation between the Main Hubs reverse port and the base station (which has its own noise figure of about 4 dB), the overall noise figure will be 34.3 dB (refer to the formula on page 8-36) which is 12.3 dB worse than Unison by itself. That causes a 12.3 dB reduction in the uplink coverage dis-

tance. Now, if the attenuation instead is 10 dB, the cascaded noise figure is NF=22.6 dB, which implies that the uplink sensitivity is limited by Unison, a desir-

able condition. Rule of Thumb A good rule of thumb is to set the uplink attenuation, A2+A3 in Figure 8-3 on page 8-48, as follows:

A2+A3 Unison uplink NF + uplink gain (0 dB for reverse port) BTS NF 10dB and round A2 down to the nearest convenient attenuation value. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 8-49 Designing a Unison Solution PRELIMINARY 8.6.2.1 Uplink Attenuation Exception: CDMA In CDMA systems, the power transmitted by the mobile is determined by the charac-

teristics of both the uplink and downlink paths. The power transmitted by the mobile should be similar in open-loop control (as determined by the downlink path) as dur-

ing closed-loop control (as determined by the uplink and downlink paths). In addi-

tion, the mobiles transmit power when it communicates with a base station through Unison should be similar to the power transmitted when it communicates with a base station in the outdoor network (during soft hand-off). Because of these consider-

ations, you should not allow the downlink and uplink gains to vary widely. Open-loop power control:

PTX = 76 dBm (for PCS) PRX where PTX is the power transmitted and PRX is the power received by the mobile. If PL is the path loss (in dB) between the RAU and the mobile, and PDN is the downlink power radiated by the RAU, then PTX = 76 dBm (for PCS) PDN + PL Closed-loop power control:

PTX = noise floor + uplink NF process gain + Eb/No + PL

= 113 dBm/1.25 Mhz + NF 19 dB + 7 dB + PL where Eb/No = 7 dB is a rough estimate, and NF is the cascaded noise figure of the Unison uplink, the uplink attenuation, and the base station noise figure. Equating PTX for the open-loop and closed-loop we see that NF = 49 PDN where PDN is determined by the downlink attenuation. Since PDN for Unison is about 10 dBm, we see that the cascaded noise figure is about 39 dB, which is considerably higher than that of Unison itself. This implies that we should use a fairly large attenu-

ation on the uplink. This case suggests using as much attenuation on the downlink as on the uplink. The drawback of doing this is that the uplink coverage sensitivity is reduced. A link budget analysis will clarify these issues. Typically, the uplink attenu-

ation between the Main Hub and the base station will be the same as, or maybe 10 dB less than, the downlink attenuation. 8-50 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Designing for a Neutral Host System 8.7 Designing for a Neutral Host System Designing for a neutral host system uses the same design rules previously discussed. Since a neutral host system typically uses multiple systems in parallel, we find it best to design for the worst case system so that there will not be holes in the covered area and the economies of a single installation can be achieved. For example, as indicated Section 7.1, the 1900 MHz RF signals do not propagate throughout a building as well as the 800 MHz systems, therefore, we design to the 1900 MHz path loss formula. 8.7.1 Capacity of the Unison Neutral Host System As indicated in Section 2.3, System Bandwidths, on page 2-10, each Main Hub can support more than one sub-band of the Cellular or PCS bands. The exception to this is the iDEN Main Hub, because the SMR band is not split into sub-bands. The 800 MHz Main Hub can support both the A band and the B band simultaneously. Also, the 1800 MHz and 1900 MHz Main Hubs can support two bands each (as the frequencies currently are allo-

cated). For example, a neutral host system that consists of one iDEN, one 800 MHz, and two 1900 MHz systems can support up to seven sep-

arate service providers:

1 on iDEN

2 on 800 MHz, A band and B band

2 in each 1900 MHz Rich, whats correct for Unison? JW PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 8-51 Designing a Unison Solution PRELIMINARY 8.7.2 Example Unison Neutral Host System Simon: do you have a Unison example? This is for LGCell. I need it ASAP (Wednesday PM). Thanks, Julie The following example configuration assumes:

0 dBm per carrier output

Each System supports two bands, and therefore, two Operators

(Exception: iDEN supports one Operator) Example Configuration:

800 MHz iDEN: System 1 l - iDEN system: 8 Channels, 23 voice calls

800 MHz Cellular: System 2 l - TDMA Band: 8 Channels, 23 voice calls l - CDMA Band: 2 Channels, 3040 voice calls

1900 MHz PCS: Systems 3 & 4 (2 band combinations/system) l - TDMA Band: 8 Channels, 23 voice calls l - CDMA Band: 2 Channels, 3040 voice calls l - GSM Band: 4 Channels, 31 voice calls Number of subscribers1 that could be served in this example:

800 MHz Cellular: System 1 l - iDEN Operator: 23 voice calls, 315 subscribers

800 MHz Cellular: System 2 l - TDMA Operator: 23 voice calls, 315 subscribers l - CDMA Operator: 3040 voice calls, 438620 subscribers

1900 MHz PCS: Systems 3 & 4 (2 band combinations/system) l - TDMA Operator: 23 voice calls, 315 subscribers l - CDMA Operator: 3040 voice calls, 438620 subscribers l - GSM Operator: 31 voice calls, 456 subscribers This configuration supports growth for up to 7 Operators. 1. Based on Standard Erlang B 2% GOS requirement. Each user has a 0.05 wireless Erlang which is higher than the standard 0.035 wireless Erlang. 8-52 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY SECTION 9 Replacing Unison Components in an Operating System 9.1 Replacing an RAU Be aware that the new RAU must be the same band as the one you are replacing. If you replace an RAU with one that is of the wrong band, it will not work. The Main Hub automatically checks the band of a replaced RAU. There is no need to issue commands directly from the Main Hub. Therefore, as long as the RAU is of the correct band, the system will operate properly. Replacing an RAU 1. Use AdminManager or refer to the As-Built Document to review the current RAUs configuration. 2. Disconnect the Cat-5/6 cable and antenna from the unit to be replaced. 3. 4. Connect the antenna and then the Cat-5/6 cable to the new RAU Install the new RAU. AdminManager Tasks

Use the Advanced RAU Settings option on the Configuration & Maintenance panel to set the RAUs 10 dB attenuation and UL ALC settings.

When convenient, perform System Test to optimize performance. During System Test, the entire system is temporarily off-line and no RF is being transmitted. PN 8700-10 620003-0 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual 9-1 Replacing Unison Components in an Operating System PRELIMINARY Checking the RAUs LEDs 1. The RAUs LINK and ALARM LEDs should blink (green/red) on power up.

If the LEDs do not blink on power up, replace the RAU. 2. After several seconds both LEDs should change to green, which indicates that the unit has been successfully replaced, there is communication with the Expansion Hub, and the RAU band is correct. a. If the LINK LED remains green and the ALARM LED remains red, verify that the RAU model is correct for the intended frequency band. Disconnect the cable and then reconnect it once; doing this more than once will not change the result. b. c. If both LEDs still dont change to green, use the AdminManager to determine the exact nature of the fault and see a recommendation of how to correct it. If both LEDs turn red (after 45 seconds), the Expansion Hub has terminated communications. 9-2 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Replacing an Expansion Hub 9.2 Replacing an Expansion Hub Replacing an Expansion Hub 1. Turn off the power to the Expansion Hub. 2. Disconnect all Cat-5/6 cables, both fiber cables, and the AC power cord. 3. Replace the Expansion Hub with a new one. 4. Connect the AC power cord, all Cat-5/6 cables, and both fiber cables remember-

ing to clean and correctly connect the uplink and downlink fiber. 5. Turn on the power to the Expansion Hub. AdminManager Tasks

The Main Hub automatically issues the band setting.

When convenient, perform System Test to optimize performance. During System Test, the entire system is temporarily off-line and no RF is being transmitted. Checking the Expansion Hubs LEDs

The LEDs should blink through all states on power up.

If the LEDs do not blink on power up, replace the Expansion Hub. If the LEDs do not illuminate at all, make sure the AC power cable is con-

nected.

The UL STATUS and DL STATUS LEDs should be green.

The E-HUB STATUS and POWER LEDs should be green.

For each RJ-45 port that has an RAU connected:

The E-HUB/RAU LEDs should be green.

The LINK LEDs should be green. It can take several seconds for each Cat-5/6 connection for the LEDs to display properly. NOTE: Refer to Section 10 for troubleshooting using the LEDs. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-3 Replacing Unison Components in an Operating System PRELIMINARY 9.3 Replacing a Main Hub You must record the system configuration settings from the old Main Hubs memory before replacing the unit. You will program the new Main Hub with this information. If the Main Hub is programmed incorrectly, the system will not work. If the Main Hub is not functioning, get the configuration settings from the As-Built Document that was created as part of the original installation. Get System Configuration Settings 1. Connect the null modem cable to the PC and the Main Hub. 2. Start the AdminManager software. 3. Select the Configuration & Maintenance Panel option from the introductory win-

dow. 4. Click the SAVE CONFIG button. The Save Configuration Notes dialog box is displayed. 5. Type any notes you want to save with the configuration settings into the dialog box and click OK. The configuration settings are saved in a text file, for example:

Begin Notes *******************************************

LGC HQ 05/23/01 MH configuration L010MH11 System configuration End Notes *********************************************

Frequency Band is DCS Low. System Gain: UL = 12 dB, DL = 4 dB. Callback Number is 1234567. System label is LGC. Main Hub Information:

Serial Number: L010BMH1 Part Number: 7405101 Revision Number: 03 Firmware Revision: 010526 Expansion Hub LGC-1 Information:

Serial Number: L010BEH9 Part Number: 7405101 Revision Number: 03 Firmware Revision: 010513 RAU LGC-1-5 Information:

Serial Number: L010BRU1 Part Number: 7405101 Revision Number: 03 Firmware Revision: 010021 9-4 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Replacing a Main Hub Replacing a Main Hub 1. Turn off the power to the Main Hub. 2. Disconnect all fiber cables and the AC power cord. 3. Replace the Main Hub with a new one. 4. Connect the AC power cord and all fiber cables remembering to clean and cor-

rectly connect the uplink and downlink fiber cables. 5. Connect the null modem cable to the PC and then to the Main Hubs front panel DB-9 serial connector. 6. Start the AdminManager software. 7. Select the Installation Wizard option from the introductory window. 8. Turn on the power to the Main Hub. AdminManager Tasks

Use the Installation Wizard to:

Set the Operation Band

Use the Configuration & Maintenance panel to:

Set Callback Number

Set Contact Sense Properties

Set System Parameters

Perform System Test During the System Test the system is out-of-service and no RF is being trans-

mitted. Choose a time of day to perform the System Test that will have the least impact on the system. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-5 Replacing Unison Components in an Operating System PRELIMINARY Checking the Main Hubs LEDs

The LEDs should blink through all states on power up.

If the LEDs do not blink on power up, replace the Main Hub. If the LEDs do not illuminate at all, make sure the AC power cable is con-

nected.

For each fiber optic port that has a Main Hub connected:

The LINK LED should be green.

The E-HUB/RAU LED should be:

Green if the MAIN HUB STATUS is green. Red if the MAIN HUB STATUS is red.

The MAIN HUB STATUS LED should be:

Red if the Main Hub is new from the factory and a band has not been pro-

grammed, or if the wrong band is programmed.

Green if the Main Hub was previously programmed with a correct band

(matches the RAUs in the system). NOTE: If there is communication between the Main Hub and the Expansion Hubs, use the AdminManager softwares Configuration & Maintenance panel to isolate sys-

tem problems. 9-6 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY SECTION 10 Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance There are no user-serviceable parts in any of the Unison components. Faulty or failed components are fully replaceable through LGC Wireless. Address Phone Fax Help Hot Line 2540 Junction Avenue San Jose, California 95134-1902 USA 1-408-952-2400 1-408-952-2410 1-800-530-9960 (U.S. only)

+1-408-952-2400 (International)

+44(0) 1223 597812 (Europe) Web Address e-mail http://www.lgcwireless.com service@lgcwireless.com 10.1 Maintenance No periodic maintenance of the Unison equipment is required. PN 8700-10 620003-0 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual 10-1 Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance PRELIMINARY 10.2 Troubleshooting NOTE: Unison has no user-serviceable parts. Faulty or failed units are fully replaceable through LGC Wireless. Sources of potential problems include:

Malfunction of one or more Unison components

Faulty cabling/connector

Antenna, base station, or repeater problem

External RF interface NOTE: Faulty cabling is the cause of a vast majority of problems. All Cat-5/6 cable should be tested to TIA/EIA 568-A specifications. It is recommended that you use the AdminManager for troubleshooting the system, and use the LEDs as backup or for confirmation. However, if there are communica-

tion problems within the system, the LEDs may provide additional information that is not available using AdminManager. To begin troubleshooting, use the AdminManager software to determine the current faults and warnings for all of the units in the system. To troubleshoot, start with the Main Hubs faults and warnings, then proceed to each of the Expansion Hubs, finish-

ing with each of the RAUs. If you do not have a PC with AdminManager available, the LEDs provide a minimal set of diagnostic information. If you cannot determine the cause of a problem after following the recommended pro-

cedures, call LGC Wireless customer help hot line:

1-800-530-9960 (U.S. only)

+1-408-952-2400 (International)

+44(0) 1223 597812 (Europe) 10-2 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Fault Indications 10.2.1 Fault Indications Once all of the units are powered on and the cable connections are made, the faults from each unit can be requested using the AdminManager. Start with the Main Hub and work downstream. Resolve all faults first and then check the warnings. Take appropriate action to resolve the faults, as indicated in the following tables. Main Hub Faults Table 10-1 Main Hub Faults Fault Message Hardware failure. LED STATUS State Red Frequency band not programmed. Main Hub is over temperature. STATUS Red STATUS Red Failed to perform system test. Uplink EHn AGC failure. STATUS Red STATUS Red Possible Causes Internal hardware failure. Factory default. Fan failure. Ambient tempera-

ture is above maxi-

mum. Internal failure. Uplink fiber has high optical loss. Main Hub uplink port failure. Impact System off-line. System off-line. Possible unit failure. Degraded performance. The Main Hubs EHn port is off-line; down-

link is okay. Action Replace the Main Hub. Program the frequency band using the AdminManagers Installation Wizard. If fan is not operating, replace the Main Hub. If fan is operating, check room environmental controls. Replace the Main Hub when possible. Measure UL optical fiber loss. Clean the Main Hubs uplink fiber port. Move fiber pair to another port. If fault is not reported, fiber is okay and MH port is dirty or bad. Use the Admin-

Manager to Clear All Discon-

nect Status to clear the disconnect fault on the origi-

nal port. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 10-3 Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance PRELIMINARY Table 10-1 Main Hub Faults (continued) Fault Message No communica-

tion with EHn. LED LINK E-HUB/

RAU State Red Off Possible Causes Downlink fiber has high optical loss. Expansion Hub downlink port fail-

ure. Main Hub internal failure. EHn disconnected. LINK E-HUB/

RAU Red Off The Expansion Hub was connected and is now discon-

nected. The uplink fiber optical loss exceeds minimum threshold. Expansion Hub uplink laser failure. EHn/RAU reports fault condition. LINK E-HUB/

RAU Green Red Any EH or RAU fault Action If common point of failure for more than one Expansion Hub, replace the Main Hub. Measure downlink optical fiber loss. Clean the Expansion Hubs downlink fiber port. Clean the Main Hubs down-

link fiber port. Move the Main Hub fiber pair to another port. If fault is not reported, fiber is okay and the Main Hub port is dirty or bad. Use the AdminManagers Clear All Disconnect Status command to clear the discon-

nect fault on the original port. If EHn is disconnected, recon-

nect it or clear the disconnect fault using the AdminMan-

agers Clear All Disconnect Status command. If EHn is connected, check the uplink fiber cables optical loss. Clean the Main Hubs uplink port. Clean EHns uplink port. Check that EHns uplink laser is operational. Use the AdminManager to check for Expansion Hub and RAU faults. Proceed to Expansion Hub or RAU trou-

bleshooting section. Impact EHn and connected RAUs are off-line. EHn and connected RAUs are off-line. EHn and/or RAU off-line 10-4 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Fault Indications Expansion Hub Faults Table 10-2 Expansion Hub Faults Fault Message Hardware failure. LED STATUS State Red Possible Causes Expansion Hub internal hardware failure. Main Hub inter-

nal hardware failure. ? (JS) Downlink fiber has high optical loss. PLL unlock. STATUS Red Internal hardware fail-

ure. Frequency band not programmed. STATUS Red Internal hardware fail-

ure. Expansion Hub is over temperature. STATUS Red Fan failure(s). Ambient temperature above maximum Action If common point of failure for more than one Expansion Hub, replace the Main Hub. Measure downlink optical fiber loss. Clean the Expansion Hubs downlink fiber port. Clean the Main Hubs down-

link fiber port. Replace the Expansion Hub. Replace the Expansion Hub. Cycle power on the Expansion Hub. If fault persists, replace the Expansion Hub. If fans are not operating, replace the Expansion Hub. If fans are operating, check room environmental controls. Downlink pilot failure. STATUS Red If common point of failure for more than one EH, replace MH. Measure DL optical fiber loss. Clean MH downlink fiber port. Clean EH downlink fiber port. Replace EH. Downlink fiber has high optical loss. MH downlink port fail-

ure. EH downlink port fail-

ure. MH internal hardware failure. EH internal hardware failure. Impact Expansion Hub and connected RAUs are off-line Expansion Hub and connected RAUs are off-line Expansion Hub and connected RAUs are off-line Expansion Hub and connected RAUs are off-line. RAUs are com-

manded off-line which disables their power amplifiers. If the Expansion Hub temperature does not start to drop, the Expansion Hub will disable DC power to all RAUs. EH and connected RAUs are off-line. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 10-5 Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance PRELIMINARY Table 10-2 Expansion Hub Faults (continued) Fault Message Failed to perform system test. LED STATUS State Red Uplink RAUn AGC failure. Universal or particular RAU port?

(JS) No communica-

tion with RAUn LINK RAU LINK RAU Red Off Red Off Possible Causes Internal failure. Main Hub internal fail-

ure. Cat-5/6 cable length. Expansion Hub uplink port failure. Expansion Hub internal failure. Cat-5/6 cable failure. RAU internal failure. Expansion Hub port failure. RAUn over cur-

rent LINK RAU Green Red Cat-5/6 cable failure. RAU internal failure. Impact Degraded perfor-

mance. Expansion Hub and con-

nected RAUs are off-line. RAUn is off-line. RAUn is off-line. Action If common point of failure for more than one Expansion Hub, replace the Main Hub. Replace the Expansion Hub when possible. Check Cat-5/6 cable length. Move RAU to another port. If no fault reported, replace the Expansion Hub. If fault reported, replace RAU. Verify Cat-5/6 cable has no shorts or opens. Move RAU to another port. If fault persists, replace RAU, else replace the Expansion Hub. Verify Cat-5/6 cable has no shorts or opens. Move RAU to another port. If fault persists, replace RAU. If no fault reported, remove RAU, power cycle the Expansion Hub, connect known good RAU to port. If fault reported, replace the Expansion Hub. 10-6 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Fault Indications Remote Access Unit Faults Table 10-3 Remote Access Unit Faults State Red Possible Causes Internal hardware failure. Action Replace the RAU. Red Red Wrong version of RAU for frequency band desired. Ambient temperature above maximum. LED ALARM ALARM ALARM Fault Message Hardware fail-

ure. Frequency band not programmed. RAU is over temperature. Power supplied by EH is too low. ALARM Red Power supplied by EH is too high. ALARM Red Cat-5/6 cable failure. RAU internal failure. Expansion Hub internal failure. Cat-5/6 cable failure. Expansion Hub internal failure. RAU internal failure. ALARM Red Cat-5/6 cable is too long. ALARM Red Cat-5/6 cable failure. RAU internal failure. Cat-5/6 cable too long. Downlink pilot failure. Could this also be a problem with the EH port? (JS) Impact RAU is off-line. RAU is off-line. RAU is off-line. RAU is off-line. RAU is off-line. RAU is off-line. RAU is off-line. Replace the RAU if not valid for desired frequency band. Check environmental controls;

move the RAU to cooler envi-

ronment. Verify Cat-5/6 cable has no shorts or opens. Move the RAU cable to another Expansion Hub port. If fault persists, replace the RAU; oth-

erwise, replace Expansion Hub. Verify Cat-5/6 cable has no shorts or opens. Move RAU cable to another Expansion Hub port. If fault persists, replace the RAU, oth-

erwise replace the EH. Verify Cat-5/6 cable has no shorts or opens. Verify maximum Cat-5/6 cable length of 150 meters. Verify Cat-5/6 cable has no shorts or opens. Verify maximum Cat-5/6 cable length of 150 meters. Verify minimum Cat-5/6 cable length of 10 meters. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 10-7 Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance PRELIMINARY 10.2.2 Warning Indications Warnings alert you to conditions that may impact system performance and conditions that indicate potential system failure. Before addressing warnings, ensure that all faults are resolved. Take appropriate action to resolve the warnings, as indicated in the following tables. Main Hub Warnings Table 10-4 Main Hub Warnings Warning Message Downlink laser is failing. Action Replace the Main Hub when possible. Temperature is high. Fan failure. Portn uplink fiber optical loss greater than recommended maxi-

mum. Check room environmental controls. Check the Main Hub fan for rotation, air flow blockage, dust; replace the Main Hub if temperature rises. Check the uplink fiber cable for optical loss. Clean the cable connector. Clean the fiber ports. Impact The downlink laser will eventually fail and the system will be off-line. Potential Main Hub failure. Temperature may rise to fault level result-

ing in Main Hub and connected Expansion Hub(s) and RAU(s) being off-line. Degraded system performance. 10-8 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Warning Indications Expansion Hub Warnings Table 10-5 Expansion Hub Warnings Warning Message Downlink fiber optical loss greater than recom-

mended maximum. Uplink laser is failing. Action Check the downlink fiber cable for excessive optical loss. Clean the cable connector. Clean the fiber ports. Replace the Expansion Hub when possible. Temperature is high. Fan failure(s). Cat-5/6 cable between EH and RAU is greater than recommended maximum. Check room environmental controls. Check the Expansion Hub fans for rotation, air flow blockage, dust; replace the Expan-

sion Hub if temperature rises. Check that the Cat-5/6 cable does not exceed the recommended maximum length. Impact Degraded system performance. The uplink laser will eventually fail resulting in the Expansion Hub and connected RAUs being off-line. Potential Expansion Hub failure. Temperature may rise to fault level resulting in the Expansion Hub and connected RAUs being off-line. Degraded system performance. Remote Access Unit Warnings Table 10-6 Remote Access Unit Warnings Warning Message Temperature is high. DC voltage is low. Action Move the RAU to cooler environment. Check the Cat-5/6 cable for shorts and opens. Replace the RAU when possible. Replace the RAU when possible. Impact Potential RAU failure. RAU at minimum voltage setting for proper operation. not an impact

(JS) Potential RAU failure. Power amplifier is fail-

ing. Cat-5/6 cable between EH and RAU is greater than recommended maximum. Antenna disconnected. Check that the Cat-5/6 cable does not exceed the recommended maximum length. Degraded system performance. Check the RAU SMA antenna connection. Poor RAU coverage. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 10-9 Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance PRELIMINARY 10.3 LED Troubleshooting Guide The following troubleshooting guide is from the perspective that all Unison equip-

ment is installed, their cables are connected, and they are powered on; it is assumed that the system was operating normally before the current problem. (Refer to Section 6 for information on troubleshooting during initial installation of the system.) Always use AdminManager, if possible, to troubleshoot the system. The LEDs are for backup troubleshooting; although, an Expansion Hub uplink laser failure can only be resolved using the EH UL STATUS LED. Begin with troubleshooting the Main Hubs LEDs and then the Expansion Hubs LEDs. The RAU LEDs probably will not provide additional information for trouble-

shooting. 10-10 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Troubleshooting Main Hub LEDs During Normal Operation 10.3.1 Troubleshooting Main Hub LEDs During Normal Operation

All of the Main Hubs LEDs should be green during normal operation. If any LEDs are red, get status using the AdminManager software for the exact cause and recommendations. Table 10-7 Troubleshooting Main Hub Port LEDs During Normal Operation During Normal Operation Expansion Hub Not Connected State LED LINK Red E-HUB/RAU Off Expansion Hub Connected LINK Red E-HUB/RAU Off LINK E-HUB/RAU Green Red Impact Expansion Hub was previously con-

nected, but it is not currently con-

nected; Expansion Hub cable disconnect. The AdminManager software will clear all disconnects caused by installation as part of the clean-up process. After installation, power cycle the Main Hub or use the AdminManagers Clear All Disconnect States command. Lost communication with Expansion Hub; could be Expansion Hub problem or fiber cable problem. Action If the Expansion Hub was discon-

nected accidentally, re-connect the cables. The LEDs should change to Green/Red (then Green/Green, after 20 seconds, if the Main Hub band has been programmed). If the Expansion Hub is to be removed from service permanently, then use the AdminManagers Clear All Disconnect States command to clear all disconnect states to no con-

nect states. The Main Hubs port LEDs should change to Off/Off. Use the AdminManager to determine the exact cause of the Main Hubs faults. Expansion Hub or connected RAU reports a fault condition; use the AdminManager to determine the exact cause of the Expansion Hub and RAUs faults. Table 10-8 Troubleshooting Main Hub Status LEDs During Normal Operation During Normal Operation At Any Time LED MAIN HUB STATUS State Red MAIN HUB STATUS Alternating Red/Green Action Use the AdminManager to determine the exact cause of the fault. Power cycle one time. If fault remains, replace the Main Hub. Reduce input signal power; reduce system gain. Impact Internal Main Hub fault. Signal compression. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 10-11 Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance PRELIMINARY 10.3.2 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub LEDs During Normal Operation

All of the Expansion Hub LINK and E-HUB/RAU LEDs that have RAUs connected should be Green/Green, indicating that the RAU is powered on, communication is established, and operation is normal.

The POWER and MAIN HUB STATUS LEDs should both be Green. Table 10-9 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub Port LEDs During Normal Operation During Normal Operation RAU is not connected Port LEDs LINK RAU State Red Off RAU is connected LINK RAU LINK RAU Red Off Green Red Action If the RAU was disconnected acci-

dentally, re-connect the Cat-5/6 cable. The Expansion Hubs port LEDs should change to Green/Red

(then Green/Green, after 20 sec-

onds, if the Main Hub is connected, powered on, and has band pro-

grammed). If you are removing the RAU from service permanently, then com-

mand Clear All Disconnect States using the AdminManager soft-

ware. The Expansion Hubs port LEDs should change to Off/Off. Disconnect/reconnect the Cat-5/6 cable to force power-on reset to the RAU. If the port LEDs remain Red/Off, check the Expansion Hub faults using the AdminManager for the exact cause. RAU reports a fault condition;

check the Expansion Hub faults using the AdminManager for the exact cause. Impact RAU was previously connected, but it is not currently connected; RAU cable is disconnected. Lost communications with the RAU. The RAU could have powered down due to over current; cable could have been dam-

aged. Depends on the fault condition. 10-12 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Troubleshooting Expansion Hub LEDs During Normal Operation During Normal Operation At Any Time

(JS) Table 10-10 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub Status LEDs During Normal Operation EH Status LEDs UL STATUS State Red Action Replace the Expansion Hub DL STATUS E-HUB STATUS Red Red Check the downlink fiber for opti-

cal loss If either the UL STATUS or the DL STATUS are also red, see above. Cycle power on the Expansion Hub. If fault remains, replace the Expansion Hub. Impact Uplink laser failure; no communications between the Main Hub and the Expansion Hub No communications with the Main Hub Internal Expansion Hub fault (including either of the above UL STATUS or DL STATUS states) PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 10-13 Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance PRELIMINARY 10.4 Technical Assistance Call our help hot line for technical assistance:

1-800-530-9960 (U.S. only)

+1-408-952-2400 (International)

+44(0) 1223 597812 (Europe) Leave your name and phone number and an LGC Wireless customer service repre-

sentative will return your call within an hour. Be prepared to provide the following information when you receive the return call:

Company name

End user name

Type of system, model number, frequency

Approximate time in service (warranty), sales order number

Description of problem

LED status

AdminManager fault and warning status 10-14 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY APPENDIX A Cables and Connectors A.1 Cat-5/6 Cable (ScTP)

Connects the Expansion Hub to the RAU(s)

Transmits (downlink) and receives (uplink) cellular and PCS signals

Delivers DC electrical power to the RAUs. The Expansion Hubs DC voltage out-

put is 36V DC nominal. A current limiting circuit is used to protect the Expansion Hub if it reaches its current limit

Use shielded RJ-45 connectors

Distances:

Absolute Minimum: 10 meters (33 ft)

Recommended Minimum: 25 meters (82 ft)

Recommended Maximum: 100 meters (328 ft)

Absolute Maximum: 150 meters (492 ft) There are four separate twisted pairs in one Cat-5/6 screened twisted pair (ScTP) cable. The ScTP cable loss described in this document is for Cat-5 Mohawk/CDT 55986 or Belden 1624P DataTwist Five cable, or equivalent. The following table lists the functional assignment of the pairs:

Table A-1 Cat-5/6 Twisted Pair Assignment Pair (wire number) 1 & 2 3 & 6 4 & 5 7 & 8 Function Clock and Input Voltage RS485 Uplink IF, UL Pilot and Ground Downlink IF, DL Pilot and Ground PN 8700-10 620003-0 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual A-1 Cables and Connectors PRELIMINARY All Cat-5/6 cable must be terminated according to the TIA/EIA 568-A standard. The following diagram shows the top view of the wiring map for the cable and how the four pairs should be terminated. Figure A-1 Wiring Map for Cat-5/6 Cable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 GG R B W O W LO B W R B W L B

Green/

White Green Orange/

White Blue Blue/

White Orange Brown/

White Brown RJ-45 Port NOTE: Be sure to test cable termination before installing the cable. The nominal DC impedance of the Cat-5/6 cable is 0.08 ohm/meter and the nominal RF impedance is 100 ohm. A-2 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY Fiber Optical Cables A.2 Fiber Optical Cables

Connects Main Hub to Expansion Hub(s)

Transmits (downlink) and receives (uplink) cellular and PCS signals

Use industry-standard 62.5m/125m MMF or Corning SMF-28 fiber, or equiva-

lent (SC/APC [angle-polished] connectors only)

Distances:

Multimode Fiber: up to 1.5 km (4,921 ft) 3 dB optical loss maximum

Single-Mode Fiber: up to 6 km (19,685 ft) 3 dB optical loss maximum A.3 Coaxial Cable

Connects a Main Hub to a repeater or base station (N-type connectors)

Connects an RAU to a passive antenna (SMA connectors) PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 A-3 Cables and Connectors PRELIMINARY A-4 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY APPENDIX B Compliance B.1 Safety Requirements All of the safety requirements are in process:

UL/cUL 1950 3rd edition

CB scheme evaluation with all national deviations

EN 60950:1992 including amendments A1, A2, A3, A4, and A11 PN 8700-10 620003-0 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual B-1 Compliance PRELIMINARY B.2 Radio/EMC Requirements All anticipated standards approvals listed below are pending. GSM/EGSM/DCS Products Radio: EN 301502 v.7.0.1 (8-2000) EMC: EN 301489-8 CISPR22 CISPR24 Cellular Products FCC part 15 class A FCC part 22 PCS Products FCC part 15 class A FCC part 24 iDEN Products FCC part 15 class A FCC part 90 GSM Products FCC part 15 class A FCC part 90 B-2 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 PRELIMINARY APPENDIX C Glossary Air Interface A method for formatting data and voice onto radio waves. Common air interfaces include AMPS, TDMA, CDMA, and GSM. AIN Advanced Intelligent Network. AINs allow a wireless user to make and receive phone calls while roaming outside the users home network. These networks, which rely on computers and sophisticated switching techniques, also provide many Personal Communications Service (PCS) features. Amplitude The distance between high and low points of a waveform or signal. AMPS Advanced Mobile Phone Service. AMPS is an analog cellular FDMA sys-

tem. It was the basis of the first commercial wireless communication system in the U.S and has been used in more than 35 other countries worldwide. Analog The original method of modulating radio signals so they can carry informa-

tion which involves transmitting a continuously variable signal. Amplitude Mod-

ification (AM) and Frequency Modulation (FM) are the most common methods of analog modulation. ANSI The American National Standards Institute. A nonprofit, privately funded membership organization founded in 1918 that reviews and approves standards developed by other organizations. Antenna A device for transmitting and/or receiving signals. Attenuation The decrease in power that occurs when any signal is transmitted. Attenuation is measured in decibels (dB). Backhaul A term applied to the process of carrying wireless traffic between the MSC and the base station. Base Station The radio transmitter/receiver that maintains communications with mobile devices within a specific area. BSC Base Station Controller. A GSM term referring to the device in charge of man-

aging the radio interface in a GSM system, including the allocation and release of radio channels and hand-off of active calls within the system. PN 8100-50 620004-0 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual C-1 Glossary PRELIMINARY BTA Basic Trading Area. The U.S. and its territories are divided into 493 areas, called BTAs. These BTAs are composed of a specific list of counties, based on a system originally developed by Rand McNally. The FCC grants licenses to wire-

less operators to provide service within these BTAs and/or MTAs. (See MTA.) BTS Base Transceiver Station. A GSM term referring to the group of network devices that provide radio transmission and reception, including antennas. C/I Carrier to interference ratio. The ratio of the desired signal strength to the com-

bined interference of all mobile phones using the system. Usually, the interfer-

ence of most concern is that provided by mobile phones using the same channel in the system. These are referred to as co-channel interferers. CCITT Consultative Committee on International Telephone and Telegraph. This organization sets international communications standards. The CCITT is now known as ITU (the parent organization). CDMA Code Division Multiple Access. A digital wireless access technology that uses spread-spectrum techniques. Unlike alternative systems, such as GSM, that use time-division multiplexing (TDM), CDMA does not assign a specific fre-

quency to each user. Instead, every channel uses the full available spectrum. Individual conversations are assigned a unique code which allows the conversa-

tion to be spread out over multiple channels; transmitted to the far end; and re-assembled for the recipient using a specific code. CDPD Cellular Digital Packet Data. CDPD allows data transmission over the ana-

log wireless network. CDPD breaks data into packets and transmits these packets on idle portions of the network. Cell A cell defines a specific, physical area of coverage of a portion of a wireless system. It is the basic building block of all modern wireless communications systems. Cell Site A term which refers to the location of the transmission equipment (e.g., basestation) within the cell. CEPT Conference of European Postal and Telecommunications Administrations. This organizations mandate is to define pan-European wireless communications standards. In 1982, CEPT mandated GSM as the access protocol for public wire-

less communications systems across Europe. Channel The path along which a communications signal is transmitted. Channels may be simplex (communication occurs in only one direction), duplex (commu-

nication occurs in both directions) or full duplex (communication occurs in both directions simultaneously). Circuit A communication connection between two or more points. A circuit can transmit either voice or data. CO Central Office. The main switching facility for a telecommunications system. C-2 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8100-50 620004-0 PRELIMINARY CTIA Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association. The CTIA is an industry association made up of most of the wireless carriers and other industry players. It was formed in 1984 to promote the cellular industry and cellular technology. D-AMPS Digital Advanced Mobile Phone Service. See IS-54. dB Decibel. A unit for expressing the ratio of two amounts of power. It is often used in wireless to describe the amount of power loss in a system (i.e., the ratio of transmitted power to received power). DCS Digital Communications System. DCS is often called upbanded GSM since it is the GSM access scheme adopted to operate in the 17001800 MHz portion of the spectrum. Digital A method of storing, processing, and transmitting information by represent-

ing information as 0s and 1s via electrical pulses. Digital systems have largely replaced analog systems because they can carry more data at higher speed than analog transmission systems. Electromagnetic Spectrum Electrical wave forms in frequency ranges as low as 535 kHz (AM radio) and as high as 29 GHz (cable TV). ESMR Enhanced Specialized Mobile Radio. Digital mobile telephone services offered to the public over channels previously used for two-way analog dispatch services. ESMR provides digital mobile radio and telephone service as well as messaging and dispatch features. ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute. ETSI was established in 1988 to set standards for Europe in telecommunications, broadcasting and office information technology. FCC Federal Communications Commission. In the United States, the FCC is responsible for the management and regulation of communication policy for all public communications services, including wireless. FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access. A wireless access protocol that assigns each user a specific radio channel for use. Since FDMA only supports one user (or conversation) on each channel, it does not maximize use of the spec-

trum and is therefore largely been superseded by other access protocols (such as CDMA, TDMA, GSM, iDEN) that support multiple users on a single channel. Frequency Hopping A wireless signal transmission technique whereby the fre-

quency used to carry a signal is periodically changed, according to a predeter-

mined code, to another frequency. Fixed An ITU definition for radio communications between specified fixed points. Point-to-point high-frequency circuits and microwave links are two examples of fixed applications. FM Frequency Modulation. A method of transmitting information in which the fre-

quency of the carrier is modified according to a plan agreed to by the transmitter and the receiver. FM can be either analog or digital. PN 8100-50 620004-0 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual C-3 Glossary PRELIMINARY Forward Channel Refers to the radio channel that sends information from the base station to the mobile station. (See Reverse Channel.) Frequency The number of times an electrical signal repeats an identical cycle in a unit of time, normally one second. One Hertz (Hz) is one cycle per second. Frequency re-use The ability to use the same frequencies repeatedly across a cellu-

lar system. Because each cell is designed to use radio frequencies only within its boundaries, the same frequencies can be reused in other cells not far away with little potential for interference. The reuse of frequencies is what enables a cellu-

lar system to handle a huge number of calls with a limited number of channels. Gain The increase in power that occurs when any signal is amplified, usually through an amplifier or antenna. GHz Gigahertz. A measure of frequency equal to one billion hertz. GSM Groupe Speciale Mobile (now translated in English as Global Standard for Mobile Communications). GSM is the digital wireless standard used throughout Europe, in much of Asia, as well as by some operators in the U.S. and South America. Handoff The process by which the wireless system passes a wireless phone conver-

sation from one radio frequency in one cell to another radio frequency in another as the caller moves between two cells. In most systems today, this handoff is per-

formed so quickly that callers dont notice. Hertz A measurement of electromagnetic energy, equivalent to one wave per sec-

ond. Hertz is abbreviated as Hz. iDEN Integrated Digital Enhanced Network. A TDMA-based wireless access tech-

nology that combines two-way radio, telephone, text message, and data transmis-

sion into one network. This system was developed by Motorola. In the U.S., iDEN is used by Nextel in its network. IEEE The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. The worlds largest technical professional society with members from more than 130 countries. The IEEE works to advance the theory and practice of electrical, electronics, com-

puter engineering and computer science. Infrastructure A term used to encompass all of the equipment, including both hard-

ware and software, used in a communications network. IS-54 Interim Standard-54. A U.S. TDMA cellular standard that operates in the 800 MHz or 1900 MHz band. IS-54 was the first U.S. digital cellular standard. It was adopted by the CTIA in 1990. IS-95 Interim Standard-95. A U.S. CDMA cellular standard that operates in the 800 MHz or 1900 MHz band. This standard was developed by Qualcomm and adopted by the CTIA in 1993. C-4 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8100-50 620004-0 PRELIMINARY IS-136 Interim Standard-136. A U.S. TDMA cellular standard based on IS-54 that operates in the 800 MHz or 1900 MHz band. IS-553 Interim Standard-533. The U.S. analog cellular (AMPS) air interface stan-

dard. ITU International Telecommunications Union. The ITU is the principal interna-

tional standards organization. It is charted by the United Nations and it estab-

lishes international regulations governing global telecommunications networks and services. Its headquarters are in Geneva, Switzerland. LMDS Local Multipoint Distribution Services. LMDS provides line-of-sight cover-

age over distances up to 35 kilometers and operates in the 28 GHz portion of the spectrum. It can deliver high speed, high bandwidth services such as data and video applications. Local Loop A communication channel (usually a physical phone line) between a subscribers location and the networks Central Office. MHz Megahertz. One million Hertz. One MHz equals one million cycles per sec-

ond. Microcell A network cell designed to serve a smaller area than larger macrocells. Microcells are smaller and lower powered than macrocells. As the subscriber base increases, operators must continue to increase the number of cells in their network to maximize channel re-use. This has led to an increasing number of microcells being deployed in wireless networks. Microwave Electromagnetic waves with frequencies above 1 GHz. Microwave communications are used for line-of-sight, point-to-point, or point-to-multipoint communications. MSA Metropolitan Statistical Area. The FCC has established 306 MSAs in the U.S. The MSAs represent the largest population centers in the U.S. At least two wire-

less operators are licensed in each MSA. MSC Mobile Services Switching Center. A generic term for the main cellular switching center in the wireless communications network. MSS Mobile Satellite Service. Communications transmission service provided by satellites. A single satellite can provide coverage to the entire United States. MTA Major Trading Area. The U.S. and its territories are divided into 51 MTAs. Each MTA is composed of a specific number of BTAs. The FCC grants licenses to wireless operators to provide service within these MTAs and/or BTAs. (See BTA.) Multiplexing The simultaneous transmission of two or more signals on the same radio (or other) transmission facility. N-AMPS Narrowband Advanced Mobile Phone Service. PN 8100-50 620004-0 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual C-5 Glossary PRELIMINARY PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card International Association. This acro-

nym is used to refer to credit card sized packages containing memory, I/O devices and other capabilities for use in Personal Computers, handheld comput-

ers and other devices. PCS Personal Communications Service. A vague label applied to new-generation mobile communication technology that uses the narrow band and broadband spectrum recently allocated in the 1.9 GHz band. PDA Personal Digital Assistant. Portable computing devices that are extremely por-

table and that offer a variety of wireless communication capabilities, including paging, electronic mail, stock quotations, handwriting recognition, facsimile, cal-

endar, and other information handling capabilities. PDC Personal Digital Cellular (formerly Japanese Digital Cellular). A TDMA-based digital cellular standard that operates in the 1500 MHz band. Phase The particular angle of inflection of a wave at a precise moment in time. It is normally measured in terms of degrees. PHS Personal Handyphone System. A wireless telephone standard, developed and first deployed in Japan. It is a low mobility, small-cell system. POP Short for population. One person equals one POP. POTS Plain Old Telephone Service. PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network. Refers to the international telephone system and includes both local and long distance networks. Reverse Channel Refers to the radio channel that sends information from a mobile station to a base station. (See Forward Channel.) RF Radio Frequency. Those frequencies in the electromagnetic spectrum that are associated with radio wave propagation. Roaming The ability to use a wireless phone to make and receive calls in places outside one's home calling area. RSA Rural Service Area. One of the 428 FCC-designated rural markets across the United States used as license areas for cellular licenses. (See MTAs and BTAs.) Sector A portion of a cell. Often, different sectors within the same cell will each use a different set of frequencies to maximize spectrum utilization. Signal to Noise Ratio The ratio of signal power to noise power at a given point in a given system. Smart Antenna Refers to an antenna whose signal handling characteristics change as signal conditions change. Soft Handoff Virtually undetectable by the user, soft handoff allows both the origi-

nal cell and a new cell to serve a call temporarily during the handoff transition. C-6 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8100-50 620004-0 PRELIMINARY Spectrum The range of electromagnetic frequencies. Spread Spectrum A method of transmitting a signal over a broad range of frequen-

cies and then re-assembling the transmission at the far end. This technique reduces interference and increases the number of simultaneous conversations within a given radio frequency band. T-1 A North American commercial digital transmission standard. A T-1 connection uses time division multiplexing to carry 24 digital voice or data channels over copper wire. TDMA Time Division Multiple Access. A method of digital wireless communica-

tions that allows multiple users to access (in sequence) a single radio frequency channel without interference by allocating unique time slots to each user within each channel. TIA Telecommunications Industry Association. TR-45 One of six committees of the Telecommunications Industry Association. TR-45 oversees the standard making process for wireless telecommunications. Upbanded A service or technology that has been re-engineered to operate at a higher frequency than originally designed. Wireless Describes any radio-based system that allows transmission of voice and/or data signals through the air without a physical connection, such as a metal wire or fiber optic cable. Wireline Wire paths that use metallic conductors to provide electrical connections between components of a system, such as a communication system. WLANs Wireless Local Area Networks. Technology that provides wireless com-

munications to Portable Computer users over short distances. PN 8100-50 620004-0 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual C-7 Glossary PRELIMINARY C-8 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8100-50 620004-0