265245 Title:
TR4090 USERS GUIDE NOTICE TO PERSONS RECEIVING THIS DRAWING AND/OR TECHNICAL INFORMATION:
Checkpoint Systems claims proprietary rights to the material disclosed hereon. This drawing and/or technical information is issued in confidence for engineering information only and may not be reproduced or used to manufacture anything shown or referred to hereon without direct written permission from Checkpoint Systems to the user. This drawing and/or technical information is the property of Checkpoint Systems and is loaned for mutual assistance, to be returned when its purpose has been served. THIS DRAWING AND/OR TECHNICAL INFORMATION IS THE PROPERTY OF CHECKPOINT SYSTEMS, INC. Revisions Rev Description Revisions Date Engineer Rev Description Date Approved Doc Spec.:
Date:
Dwn: P. WILHELM Date: 9/13/00 Chk:
Date:
Eng: P.WILHELM Date: 9/13/00 Used On Appd:
Date:
Size A Scale: N/A 265245 2000 Checkpoint Systems, Inc. Page 1 of 9 TR4090 USERS GUIDE TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 OVERVIEW ......................................................................................................................................... 3 2.0 INSTALLING THE TR4090 ................................................................................................................ 3 3.0 SERIAL DATA FORMATS................................................................................................................. 4 3.1 BCH-ENCODED DATA ................................................................................................................................................... 5 3.2 12-BYTE ASCII DATA..................................................................................................................................................... 5 3.3 15-BYTE ASCII DATA..................................................................................................................................................... 5 4.0 CONVERTING ASCII REPRESENTATION TO BINARY................................................................ 6 5.0 BAUD RATE SELECTION COMMANDS ......................................................................................... 6 6.0 ONLINE REQUEST COMMAND....................................................................................................... 7 7.0 COMMANDS FOR TELEC USE......................................................................................................... 7 7.1 TRANSMITTER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER............................................................................................................... 7 7.1.1 Assigning And Storing The 32-byte ID...................................................................................................................... 7 7.1.2 RF Transmitting The 32-byte ID............................................................................................................................... 7 7.1.3 Reporting The 32-byte ID.......................................................................................................................................... 8 7.2 PSEUDO NOISE TRANSMITTER ................................................................................................................................... 8 7.2.1 Generating/Transmitting The Pseudo Noise............................................................................................................. 8 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CHECKPOINT SYSTEMS, INC. CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION, FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY. Dwg. No. 265245 Rev. 00 Page 2 TR4090 USERS GUIDE 1.0 OVERVIEW The TR4090s function is to read MCRF355 passive read-only RFID tags. The MCRF355 provides 154 bits of non-volatile user memory. When the MCRF355 enters the RF field of the TR4090, it is in a tuned state. The tuned circuit of the tag resonates with the continuous RF field of the TR4090 antenna and therefore gathers energy. The tag stores enough energy to keep the tag circuit powered long enough to transmit its 154 bits of data. The tags data is transmitted in Manchester format at a nominal frequency of 70kHz +/- 12kHz. The tag transmits its data by tuning and detuning its resonant circuit. When the RF tag is tuned, it loads (takes energy from) the reader field. The loading of the reader field shows up as small amplitude perturbations of the RF readers field (back scatter). These perturbations are at 70kHz and so are easily filtered out of the 13.56MHz carrier of the field. The 70kHz base band data is amplified for further processing. The raw Manchester data is decoded by the TR4090s microcontroller and sent out over its RS-232 or RS-485 serial port. The TR4090 connects to a Personal Computer (HOST PC) via its RS-232 or RS-485 serial port. The signal type must be factory set; i.e., the factory default setting is RS-232 but can be changed to RS-485 by appropriate jumper settings. When RFID tag data is received, the data is sent to the HOST PC according to the formats discussed in the next section. In addition to receiving data from the TR4090 via its serial port, the HOST PC can send commands to the TR4090 in order to configure it. Commands from the HOST PC must always be sent at 9600 baud in order to avoid conflicts. The TR4090 can be commanded by the HOST PC to transmit data at one of four baud rates (these commands are explained in section 3.0). 2.0 INSTALLING THE TR4090 2.1 Equipment List ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CHECKPOINT SYSTEMS, INC. CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION, FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY. Dwg. No. 265245 Rev. 00 Page 3 TR4090 USERS GUIDE TR4090 Wall pack, 12V @ 1A output, 120VAC input 50 Ohm antenna with BNC connector 1.) 2.) 3.) 4.) Connect the BNC connector of the antenna to the TR4090s BNC connector. Mount the TR4090 and the antenna to suit the application. Plug the jack end of the wall pack into the TR4090. Plug the AC end of the wall pack into a 120VAC outlet. The TR4090 is ready to read tags. 3.0 SERIAL DATA FORMATS The TR4090 automatically reads (no settings required) three tag data formats. That is, the TR4090 recognizes legal tags by a one byte header that is programmed into the tag with the user data following. To see this more clearly, the structure of the tag data for the three formats is as follows:
Blank Tag 154 bits of Memory BCH Data Preamble 0xFF Header 0x147 BCH Encoded User Data 126 bits 12 Byte Data with CRC Preamble 0xFF Header 0x22 User Data 12 bytes 15 Byte Data with CRC Preamble 0xFF Header 0x11 User Data 15 bytes Trailer 0x147 Unused memory 0 bits CCITT-16 CRC 2 bytes Unused memory 26 bits CCITT-16 CRC 2 bytes Unused memory 2 bits Since binary data can be difficult to view, the TR4090 converts the tags binary data to ASCII for the 12 Byte data format and for the 15 Byte data format so that the information can be easily viewed using HyperTerminal for instance. The BCH data format is not converted to ASCII since once encoded, the data is not at all recognizable as the original data. Converting this to ASCII therefore has no added benefit. In order to properly view the original data, the data sent by the TR4090 to the HOST PC must be decoded by the C function, BCHdecoder(), which is available from Checkpoint. All three formats frame the data with ASCII start and stop characters. The following sections describe the manner in which the TR4090 represents the tags data. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CHECKPOINT SYSTEMS, INC. CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION, FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY. Dwg. No. 265245 Rev. 00 Page 4 TR4090 USERS GUIDE 3.1 BCH-ENCODED DATA If the tags used are BCH-encoded, the data sent from the TR4090 to the HOST PC via an RS-232 serial port will have a start character of an ASCII capital H, followed by 126 bits of BCH-
encoded binary data, and an end character which is an ASCII capital N. For example, the data read by the Reader will be of the form:
Preamble 0xFF BCH Encoded User Data 126 bits Header 0x147 Trailer 0x147 Unused memory 0 bits and the data sent out by the Reader to the HOST will be of the form:
ASCII Start Charcter Header, BCH Encoded User Data, Trailer ASCII End Character H 146 bits + 6 padded 0s (19 bytes) N Total Bytes Sent to HOST 21 bytes 3.2 12-BYTE ASCII DATA If the tags used have the 12 byte data format, the data sent from the TR4090 to the HOST PC via an RS-232 serial port will have a start character of an ASCII capital T, followed by 24 bytes of ASCII data, and an end character which is an ASCII capital N. All characters are therefore ASCII and so can easily be viewed using HyperTerminal for example. Note: The 24 bytes of ASCII data are the result of converting each nibble that make up the 12 bytes of tag data to ASCII. For example, the data read by the Reader will be of the form:
Preamble 0xFF User Data 12 bytes Header 0x22 CCITT-16 CRC 2 bytes Unused memory 26 bits and the data sent out by the Reader to the HOST will be of the form:
ASCII Start Charcter User Data ASCII End Character T 24 bytes N Total Bytes Sent to HOST 26 bytes Example:
Contents of Tag in binary form User Data Preamble FF 01 23 45 67 89 AB CD EF AA BB CC DD Header 22 CCITT-16 CRC 6B 07 24 Bytes of User Data in ASCII representation The data sent out by the Reader to the HOST will be:
ASCII Start Charcter T 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F A A B B C C D D ASCII End Character N 3.3 15-BYTE ASCII DATA If the tags used have the 15 byte data format, the data sent from the TR4090 to the HOST PC via an RS-232 serial port will have a start character of an ASCII capital X, followed by 30 bytes of ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CHECKPOINT SYSTEMS, INC. CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION, FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY. Dwg. No. 265245 Rev. 00 Page 5 TR4090 USERS GUIDE ASCII data, and an end character which is an ASCII capital N. All characters are therefore ASCII and so can easily be viewed using HyperTerminal for example. For example, the data read by the Reader will be of the form:
Preamble 0xFF User Data 15 bytes Header 0x11 CCITT-16 CRC 2 bytes Unused memory 2 bits and the data sent out by the Reader to the HOST will be of the form:
ASCII Start Charcter User Data ASCII End Character X 30 bytes N 4.0 CONVERTING ASCII REPRESENTATION TO BINARY Total Bytes Sent to HOST 32 bytes To convert from ASCII to BINARY, the HOST PC should subtract 0x30 for characters between 0 and 9, and should subtract 0x37 for characters between A and F. Note that the values 1010 = 0xA through 1111 = 0xF are converted by the reader to UPPER CASE A through F and so 0x37 must be subtracted not 0x57 which corresponds to a lower case a. Example:
Tag Data:
0x1, 0xA, 0x2, 0xB Data sent by TR4090 to HOST PC:
0x31, 0x41, 0x32, 0x42 To convert to binary:
0x31 0x30 = 0x1, 0x41 0x37 = 0xA, 0x32 0x30 = 0x2, 0x42 0x37 = 0xB . 5.0 BAUD RATE SELECTION COMMANDS The rate at which data is transmitted from the TR4090 to the HOST PC is selectable. The data rate is selected by the HOST PC by sending the following commands to the TR4090 from the HOST PC at 9600 baud:
HOST PC Command B1\n or b1\n B2\n or b2\n B3\n or b3\n B4\n or b4\n TR4090 Response Change Transmit Baud Rate To:
9600 baud 19.2k baud 28.8k baud 38.4k baud The TR4090 responds by sending the character string Baud rate is followed by the baud rate value such as 28.8k. This string is sent by the TR4090 to the HOST PC at the new baud rate. Once set, the TR4090 will send tag data to the HOST PC at this data rate. The data rate is also ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CHECKPOINT SYSTEMS, INC. CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION, FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY. Dwg. No. 265245 Rev. 00 Page 6 TR4090 USERS GUIDE stored in non-volatile memory so that when the TR4090 is turned off and then back on, the last set data rate will be the data rate at which the TR4090 will transmit tag data. Example:
To change the baud rate, at which the TR4090 transmits data, to 28.8k baud, the HOST PC should send the command B3\n or b3\n. The TR4090 will then respond with the message Baud rate is 28.8k. 6.0 ONLINE REQUEST COMMAND The HOST PC can verify that the TR4090 is online by sending an upper case O or a lower case o followed by the new line character \n. If the TR4090 is online, it will respond by echoing back the command; i.e., O\n or o\n. 7.0 COMMANDS FOR TELEC USE The following commands are used to set up the TR4090 for TELEC testing. These commands are sent by a HOST PC to the TR4090 via an RS-232 serial port. 7.1 TRANSMITTER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER TELEC requires that every RF transmitter have an associated identification number that can be transmitted on command or on power-up of the device. In normal operation, the TR4090 generates a continuous wave (CW) carrier; i.e., the transmitter part of the transceiver is not usually modulated. Nevertheless, TELEC requires field measurements from the transmitter when modulating. Therefore, the following functionality has been added for TELEC testing. The modulation is 1 of 16 pulse-position-modulation (PPM) with the start pulse being interpreted as zero. 7.1.1 Assigning And Storing The 32-byte ID An upper case I or lower case i is sent first, followed by a 32 byte identification number, followed by a new line character \n. The 32 byte ID is stored in non-
volatile memory so that the TR4090 can be powered down without losing its ID number. 7.1.2 RF Transmitting The 32-byte ID An upper case T or lower case t is sent first, followed by an ASCII 1 to command the TR4090 to transmit (amplitude modulate the carrier) its identification number at a data rate of 1.428kbps. This should not be confused with transmitting data over the serial port; i.e., the t refers to an RF transmission. The symbol rate is therefore 1 symbol/2.8msec which gives 175usec/pulse position. The pulse width is the pulse position time which is 88usec. An upper case T or lower case t is sent first, followed by an ASCII 2 to command the TR4090 to transmit (amplitude modulate the carrier) its identification number at a data rate of 714bps. The symbol rate is therefore 1 symbol/5.6msec which gives 350usec/pulse position. The pulse width is the pulse position time which is 175usec. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CHECKPOINT SYSTEMS, INC. CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION, FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY. Dwg. No. 265245 Rev. 00 Page 7 TR4090 USERS GUIDE An upper case T or lower case t is sent first, followed by an ASCII 3 to command the TR4090 to transmit (amplitude modulate the carrier) its identification number at a data rate of 357bps. The symbol rate is therefore 1 symbol/11.2msec which gives 700usec/pulse position. The pulse width is the pulse position time which is 350usec. 7.1.3 Reporting The 32-byte ID An upper case R or lower case r is sent by the HOST PC to command the TR4090 to report its identification number back to the HOST PC via the RS-232 serial port. 7.2 PSEUDO NOISE TRANSMITTER The pseudo noise transmitter is a TELEC requirement. The pseudo noise polynomial is 1 + X14 + X15. The pseudo noise is a pseudo-random sequence of 1 of 16 PPM data. The following commands are used to start the pseudo noise generator. NOTE: TAGS CANNOT BE READ WHILE TRANSMITTING PSEUDO NOISE. 7.2.1 Generating/Transmitting The Pseudo Noise An upper case N or lower case n is sent by the HOST PC, followed by an ASCII 1, to command the TR4090 to transmit (amplitude modulate the carrier) a random sequence of PPM data at a rate of 1.428kbps. The symbol rate is therefore 1 symbol/2.8msec which gives 175usec/pulse position. The pulse width is the pulse position time which is 88usec. The pseudo noise data stream will be continuously transmitted until the command is given to stop transmitting. An ASCII N or n is sent to STOP the pseudo noise generator. The TR4090 will then be ready to read tag data without having to restart the GPR. An upper case N or lower case n is sent by the HOST PC, followed by an ASCII 2, to command the TR4090 to transmit (amplitude modulate the carrier) a random sequence of PPM data at a rate of 714bps. The symbol rate is therefore 1 symbol/5.6msec which gives 350usec/pulse position. The pulse width is the pulse position time which is 175usec. An ASCII N or n is sent to STOP the pseudo noise generator. An upper case N or lower case n is sent by the HOST PC, followed by an ASCII 3, to command the TR4090 to transmit (amplitude modulate the carrier) a random sequence of PPM data at a rate of 357bps. The symbol rate is therefore 1 symbol/11.2msec which gives 700usec/pulse position. The pulse width is the pulse position time which is 350usec. An ASCII N or n is sent to STOP the pseudo noise generator. Summary of Commands For Transmitting ID and Pseudo Noise Note: All commands are in ASCII format so that 1 = 0x31 for example. ACTION HOST PC Command ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CHECKPOINT SYSTEMS, INC. CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION, FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY. Dwg. No. 265245 Rev. 00 Page 8 TR4090 USERS GUIDE Assign the 32 byte ID Transmit 32 byte ID at 1.428kbps Transmit 32 byte ID at 714bps Transmit 32 byte ID at 357bps Report 32 byte ID to Host PC via RS-232 Transmit Pseudo Noise at 1.428kbps Transmit Pseudo Noise at 714bps Transmit Pseudo Noise at 357bps Stop Transmitting Pseudo Noise I 32 byte ID \n or I 32 byte ID \n T 1 or t 1 T 2 or t 2 T 3 or t 3 R or r N 1 or n 1 N 2 or n 2 N 3 or n 3 N or n ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CHECKPOINT SYSTEMS, INC. CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION, FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY. Dwg. No. 265245 Rev. 00 Page 9