User Manual for WisLink-LoRa Concentrator Module Raspberry Pi HAT Edition RAK2245 Pi HAT Version V1.2 | February 2019 www.RAKwireless.com Visit our website for more document. 17 PAGES RAK2245 Pi HAT Table of Contents 1 Overview.....................................................................................................................................................4 1.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................................... 4 1.2 Main Features.................................................................................................................................... 4 2 RAK2245 Pi HAT Board.......................................................................................................................... 5 2.1 Overview............................................................................................................................................. 5 2.2 Operating Frequencies..................................................................................................................... 5 2.3 Pin Definition...................................................................................................................................... 6 2.4 Power Supply..................................................................................................................................... 7 2.5 SPI Interface.......................................................................................................................................8 2.6 UART and I2C.................................................................................................................................... 8 2.7 Digital IOs............................................................................................................................................8 2.8 LEDs.................................................................................................................................................... 8 2.9 Antenna RF Interface........................................................................................................................ 8 2.10 Electrical Characteristics................................................................................................................8 2.10.1 Absolute Maximum Rating.................................................................................................8 2.10.2 Maximum ESD.....................................................................................................................9 2.10.3 Operating Conditions..........................................................................................................9 2.10.4 Power Consumption........................................................................................................... 9 2.11 RF Characteristics.........................................................................................................................10 2.11.1 Transmitter RF Characteristics.......................................................................................10 2.11.2 Receiver RF Characteristics........................................................................................... 11 3 Source Codes..........................................................................................................................................12 4 Warning.....................................................................................................................................................13 5 Contact Information...............................................................................................................................16 6 Revision History.....................................................................................................................................17 7 Document Summary..............................................................................................................................17 2 RAK2245 Pi HAT User Manual V1.2 2 RAK2245 Pi HAT List of Tables Table 1 | Operating Frequencies..............................................................................................................5 Table 2 | Pin Definitions.............................................................................................................................7 Table 3 | Absolute Maximum Ratings......................................................................................................9 Table 4 | Maximum ESD Ratings............................................................................................................. 9 Table 5 | Operation Temperature Range................................................................................................ 9 Table 6 | Power Consumption................................................................................................................ 10 Table 7 | RF Output Power Level...........................................................................................................10 Table 8 | TX RF Characteristics............................................................................................................. 11 Table 9 | RX RF Characteristics.............................................................................................................11 List of Figures Figure 1 | RAK2245 Pi HAT Overview.....................................................................................................5 Figure 2 | Raspberry Pi Connector Overview.........................................................................................6 3 RAK2245 Pi HAT User Manual V1.2 3 RAK2245 Pi HAT 1 Overview 1.1 Introduction RAK2245 Pi HAT is a module with Raspberry PI form factor. It can be plugged into Raspberry PI such as Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ as a complete RF front end of LoRa gateway.It supports eight channels and is available for LoRaWAN global frequency bands. The board is the smallest LoRaWAN gateway concentrator which integrates the Ublox MAX-7Q GPS Module and heat sink. The board can provide low data rate LoRa radio links in ultra-fast speed. It is powered by a Semtech SX1301 transceiver concentrator that is capable of managing packets from many remotely dispersed end-points. Two Semtech SX125X are integrated for RF front end I/Q transceivers. The RAK2245 Pi HAT is a complete and cost efficient LoRa gateway solution that can help you develop a full LoRa system. This is an economical way to create different solutions like smart grid, intelligent farm and other IoT applications. It is also ideal for manufacturing small series that can expand into more applications. 1.2 Main Features Compatible with Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ edition. SX1301 base band processor, emulates 49 x LoRa demodulators, 10 parallel Integrated Ublox MAX-7Q GPS Module and heat sink. 4 demodulation paths, supports 8 uplink / 1 downlink channels. 2 units of SX125x Tx/Rx front-ends for high/ low frequency. Supports 5V power supply, integrated level conversion circuit. Supports latest LoRaWAN 1.0.2 protocol. Supports global license-free frequency band (EU433, CN470, EU868, US915, TX power up to 11.73dBm, RX sensitivity down to -139dBm@SF12, BW 125KHz. AS923, AU915, KR920, IN865 and AS920). Supports SPI, UART, I2C interface. RAK2245 Pi HAT User Manual V1.2 4 RAK2245 Pi HAT 2 RAK2245 Pi HAT Board 2.1 Overview RAK2245 Pi HAT module with Raspberry Pi connector is shown below, it has outer dimensions of 56.00 x 65.00 x 22.00 mm (2mm). 5 Figure 1 | RAK2245 Pi HAT Overview 2.2 Operating Frequencies The board supports all LoRaWAN frequency channels as below. Which is easy to configure while building the firmware from the source code. Region Frequency ( MHz ) North America 903-927.5Mhz Table 1 | Operating Frequencies RAK2245 Pi HAT User Manual V1.2 5 RAK2245 Pi HAT 2.3 Pin Definition The pin connector of RAK2245 Pi HAT is located at the bottom side. Refer to the diagram and table below for the description and numbering of each pins. Figure 2 | Raspberry Pi Connector Overview 6 Pin Name Description Pin Name Description 1 3 5 7 3.3V SDA SCL 3.3V Supply Voltage I2C_SDA (Connect to GPS Module I2C_SDA) I2C_SCL (Connect to GPS Module I2C_SCL) NC No Connection 9 GND GND 11 13 15 RESET NC NC SX1301 RESET (GPIO17 of RASPBERRY PI) No Connection No Connection 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
+5V
+5V
+5V Supply Voltage
+5V Supply Voltage GND GND UART_ RXD UART_T XD It should be connected to RASPBERRY PIs UART_TXD. This pin is connected to GPS Modules UART_RXD internally. It should be connected to RASPBERRY PIs UART_RXD. This pin is connected to GPS Modules UART_TXD internally. NC GND NC No Connection GND No Connection RAK2245 Pi HAT User Manual V1.2 6 RAK2245 Pi HAT 17 3.3V 3.3V Supply Voltage 18 NC No Connection Continuation:
Pin Name 19 SPI_M OSI 21 SPI_MI SO SPI_CL K GND ID_SD NC NC RESET _GPS STAND BY_GP S NC 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 Description It should be connected to RASPBERRY PIs SPI_ MOSI. This pin is connected to SX1301s SPI_MOSI internally. It should be connected to RASPBERRY PIs SPI_MISO. This pin is connected to SX1301s SPI_MISO internally. It should be connected to RASPBERRY PIs SPI_SCLK. This pin is connected to SX1301s SPI_CLK internally. GND I2C_SDA for HAT ID EEPROM No Connection No Connection GPS Module reset PIN
(GPIO13 of Raspberry Pi) GPS Module standby PIN
(GPIO19 of Raspberry Pi) No Connection GND GND Pin Name Description 20 GND GND 22 NC No Connection 24 SPI_CS 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 NC ID_SC GND NC GND NC NC NC It should be connected to RASPBERRY PIs SPI_CE0. This pin is connected to SX1301s SPI_CS internally. No Connection I2C_SCL for HAT ID EEPROM GND No Connection GND No Connection No Connection No Connection 7 Table 2 | Pin Definitions 2.4 Power Supply RAK2245 Pi HAT module is powered through 5V or 3.3V power pins. RAK2245 Pi HAT User Manual V1.2 7 RAK2245 Pi HAT 2.5 SPI Interface The pin connector provides an SPI connection which allows direct access to the Sx1301 SPI interface. This gives the target system the possibility to use existing SPI interfaces to communicate with the module. Note: Please reset SX1301 via PIN 11 after turning on RAK2245 Pi HAT. 2.6 UART and I2C UART and I2C connections are also included on the pin connector. These connections allow direct access to the GPS module. The 1PPS is connected internally to SX1301. 2.7 Digital IOs There are two digital IO PINs, which give the user an interface to reset the GPS module or set it into standby mode. 2.8 LEDs 3 x Green LED for indicating the status of PWR, TX, RX. 2.9 Antenna RF Interface The modules have two RF interfaces for LoRa and GPS antennas over the standard UFL connectors (Hirose U. FL-R-SMT). It has a characteristic impedance of 50OHM and supports both Tx and Rx via RF ports, providing the antenna interface. 2.10 Electrical Characteristics The following are the electrical characteristics of RAK2245 Pi HAT. Please contact us if you need other details and/or parameter for your project. 2.10.1 Absolute Maximum Rating The values and range given below are all in accordance with Absolute Maximum Rating System (IEC 134). RAK2245 Pi HAT User Manual V1.2 8 8 RAK2245 Pi HAT Parameter Description Supply Voltage (VDD) Input DC voltage Operating Temperature Temperature Range Typ. 5.0V Min.
-0.3V
-40C RF Input Power Table 3 | Absolute Maximum Ratings Max. 5.5V
+85C
-15dBm Note: With RF output power level above +15 dBm a minimum distance to a transmitter should be 1 m for avoiding too large input level. 2.10.2 Maximum ESD The table below lists the maximum ESD. Parameter Min Typical Max Remarks ESD sensitivity for all pins except ANT1 ESD sensitivity for ANT1 ESD immunity for ANT1 Table 4 | Maximum ESD Ratings 1 kV 1 kV 4 kV 8 kV Human Body Model according to JESD22-A114 Human Body Model according to JESD22-A114 Contact Discharge according to IEC 61000-4-2 Air Discharge according to IEC 61000-4-2 9 Note: The module is an Electrostatic Sensitive Device and require special precautions when handling. 2.10.3 Operating Conditions The table below lists the operation temperature range. Parameter Min. Typical Max. Remarks Normal operating temperature 20C
+25C
+65C Fully functional and meets 3GPP specifications Extended operating temperature 40C
+25C
+85C RF performance may be affected if outside the normal operating range, but the module is still fully functional Table 5 | Operation Temperature Range 2.10.4 Power Consumption Mode Condition Min Typical Max RAK2245 Pi HAT User Manual V1.2 9 RAK2245 Pi HAT Active-Mode(TX) Active-Mode(RX ) able 6 | Power Consumption TX enabled and RX disabled. TX disabled and RX enabled. 336mA 360mA 2.11 RF Characteristics 2.11.1 Transmitter RF Characteristics 10 The RAK2245 Pi HAT has an excellent transmitter performance. It is highly recommended to use an optimized configuration for the power level configuration, which is part of the HAL. This results in a mean RF output power level and current consumption. NoteThe maximum output power setting should not exceed 11.73dBm. PA Control DAC Control MIX Control DIG Gain Nominal RF Power Level [dBm]
0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 8 10 14 9 8 9 11 12 13 12 13 14 10 11 12 13 14 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-6
-3 0 4 8 10 12 14 16 17 19 20 0 0 25 26 27 Level T=25, VDD=5V (Typical) if nothing else stated. Parameter Frequency Range Condition Min Typ. Max 903 MHz 927.5 MHz Modulation Techniques FSK/LoRaTM RAK2245 Pi HAT User Manual V1.2 10 TX Frequency Variation vs. Temperature TX Power Variation vs. Temperature TX Power Variation e 8 | TX RF Characteristics Power Level Setting : 20
-3 KHz
-5 dBm
-1.5 dBm 2.11.2 Receiver RF Characteristics RAK2245 Pi HAT
+3 KHz
+5 dBm
+1.5 dBm We recommended you to use optimized RSSI calibration values which is part of HAL v3.1. For both Radio 1 and 2, the RSSI-offset should be set to -169. The following table gives typical sensitivity level of RAK2245 Pi HAT. Signal Bandwidth/[KHz]
Spreading Factor Sensitivity/[dBm]
125 125 250 250 500 500 12 7 12 7 12 7
-139
-126
-136
-123
-134
-120 Table 9 | RX RF Characteristics Note: The US915 Band only support 500kHz bandwidth. 11 RAK2245 Pi HAT User Manual V1.2 11 RAK2245 Pi HAT 3 Source Codes Here is the open source code link:
https://github.com/RAKWireless/RAK2245-RAK831-LoRaGateway-RPi-Raspbian-OS 12 RAK2245 Pi HAT User Manual V1.2 12 RAK2245 Pi HAT 4 Warning FCC WarningThis device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions.
(1) This device may not cause harmful interference;
(2) This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. Any Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment. When the module is installed in the host device, the FCC ID label must be visible through a window on the final device or it must be visible when an access panel, door or cover is easily removed. If not, a second label must be placed on the outside of the final device that contains the following text: Contains FCC ID: 2AF6B-RAK2243. Maximum antenna gain allowed for use with this device is 3dBi. This module complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment .This equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance 20 cm between the radiator& your body. Manufacture name and address Shenzhen Rakwireless Technology Co., Ltd. Room 506, Bldg B, New Compark, Pingshan First Road, Taoyuan Street, Nanshan Distr ict, Shenzhen 13 RAK2245 Pi HAT User Manual V1.2 13 RAK2245 Pi HAT INTEGRATION INSTRUCTIONS 1. This module has been tested and found to comply with the FCC Part15.247 for Modular Approval. 2. This Modular Approval is limited to OEM installation for mobile and fixed applications only. The antenna installation and operating configurations of this transmitter, including any applicable source-based time- averaging duty factor, antenna gain and cable loss must satisfy MPE categorical Exclusion Requirements of 2.1091. This modular should be installed and operated with minimum distance 20 cm between the radiator& your body. 3. The U.FL connector antenna has been approved for the modular. For situations where the host manufacturer is responsible for an external connector, the integration instructions shall inform the installer that a unique antenna connector must be used on the Part 15 authorized transmitters used in the host product. 4. When the module is installed in the host device, the FCC ID label must be visible through a window on the final device or it must be visible when an access panel, door or cover is easily removed. If not, a second label must be placed on the outside of the final device that contains the following text: Contains FCC ID: 2AF6B-RAK2243. 5. The Shenzhen Rakwireless Technology Co., Ltd. uses various test mode programs for test set up which operate separate from production firmware. Host integrators should contact Shenzhen Rakwireless Technology Co., Ltd. for assistance with test modes needed for module/host compliance test requirements. 14 6. Summarize the specific operational use conditions This module can be used in household electrical applicances as well as lighting equipments.The input voltage to the module should be nominally 4.5 to 5.5VDC,typical vale 5.0VDC and the ambient temperature of the module should not exceed 85C.This module using only one kind of antennas with maximum gain is 3.0dBi.Other antenna arrangement is not covered by this certification. The antenna is not field replaceable.If the antenna needs to be changed,the certification should be re-applied. 7. Information on test modes and additional testing requirements a) The modular transmitter has been fully tested by the module grantee on the required number of channels,modulation types,and modes,it should not be necessary for the host installer to re-test all the available transmitter modes or settings.It is recommended that the host product manufacturer,installing the modular transmitter,perform some investigative measurements to confirm that the resulting composite system does not exceed the spurious emissions limits or band edge limits(e.g.,where a different antenna may be causing additional emissions). b) The testing should check for emissions that may occur due to the intermixing of emissions with the other transmitter,digital circuitry,or due to physical properties of the host product(enclosure).This investigation is especially important when integrating RAK2245 Pi HAT User Manual V1.2 14 RAK2245 Pi HAT multiple modular transmitters where the certification is based on testing each of them in a stand-alone configuration.It is important to note that host product manufactures should not assume that because the modular transmitter is certified that they do not have any responsibility for final product compliance. c) If the investigation indicates acompliance concern the host product manufacture is obligated to mitigate the issue.Host products using a modular transmitter are subject to all the applicable individual technical rules as well as to the general conditions of operation in Sections 15.5,15.15,and 15.29 to not cause interference.The operator of the host product will be obligated to stop operating the device until the interference has been corrected. Below are steps for on test mode:
killall lora_pkt_fwd reset_lgw.sh start 11 util_tx_continuous
-f 923 -r 1257 --dig 0 --mix 8 --pa 0 --mod LORA --sf 7 --bw 500
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-f
-r
<float> Tx RF frequency in MHz [800:1000]
<int>
Radio type (SX1255:1255, SX1257:1257)
--dig
<uint>
Digital gain trim, [0:3]
0:1, 1:7/8, 2:3/4, 3:1/2
--mix
<uint>
Radio Tx mixer gain trim, [0:15]
15 corresponds to maximum gain, 1 LSB corresponds to 2dB step 15
--pa
<uint>
PA gain trim, [0:3]
--mod
<char> Modulation type ['LORA','FSK','CW']
--sf
--bw
<uint>
LoRa Spreading Factor, [7:12]
<uint>
LoRa bandwidth in kHz, [125,250,500]
8. Additional testing,Part 15 subpart B disclaimer The final host/module combination need to be evaluated against the FCC Part 15B criteria for unintentional radiators in order to be properly authorized for operation as a Part 15 digital device. The host integrator installing this module into their product must ensure that the final composite product complies with the FCC requirements by a technical assessment or evaluation to the FCC rules,including the transmitter operation and should refer to guidance in KDB 996369. RAK2245 Pi HAT User Manual V1.2 15 RAK2245 Pi HAT 5 Contact Information Shenzhen ken.yu@rakwireless.com Room 506, Bldg B, New Compark, Pingshan First Road, Taoyuan Street, Nan shan District, Shenzhen 16 RAK2245 Pi HAT User Manual V1.2 16 6 Revision History Revision 1.0 1.1 1.2 Description Initial version Modify Pin definition Add source codes chapter RAK2245 Pi HAT Date 2018-12-21 2019-01-23 2019-02-14 7 Document Summary Document Name:
Revision Number:
RAK2245 Pi HAT User Manual V1.2 Prepared by Jeff & Penn Checked by:
Approved by:
Jeff 17 About RAKwireless:
RAKwireless is the pioneer in providing innovative and diverse cellular and LoRa connectivity solutions for IoT edge devices. It's easy and modular design can be used in different IoT applications and accelerate time-to-market . For more information, please visit RAKwireless website at www.rakwireless.com. RAK2245 Pi HAT User Manual V1.2 17