FCC ID: CASTBAL0 Base Station Transceiver

TB8100 base station Calibration Kit Users Manual MBA-00011-05 March 2005 Contents Preface ..............................................................................................................iii Enquiries and Comments ..................................................................iii Updates of Manual and Equipment ...................................................iii Copyright .........................................................................................iii Disclaimer ........................................................................................iii Typographical Conventions ..............................................................iii Associated Documentation ...............................................................iii Publication Record ..........................................................................iv Basic Tasks .........................................................................................................1 Using the TB8100 Calibration Kit ..........................................................1 About the Toolbar ............................................................................2 About the Status Bar ..........................................................................2 Equipment Required ..............................................................................3 Calibration Overview .............................................................................3 Field Calibration ................................................................................4 Service Center Calibration .................................................................4 Selecting the Communications Port ........................................................5 Connecting to a Reciter Outside the Subrack .........................................5 Connecting to a Reciter via the Control Panel .......................................7 Disconnecting from the Base Station/Reciter .........................................7 Troubleshooting .....................................................................................8 Adjusting the Frequency Setup ........................................................................9 Adjusting the Receiver Lock Band .........................................................9 Tuning the Receiver Front End ...........................................................10 Tuning a K-Band, H-Band, or L-Band Receiver Front End ............11 Tuning a VHF Receiver Front End .................................................12 Adjusting the Exciter Lock Band ..........................................................13 Calibrating the Reciter ....................................................................................14 Calibrating the Exciter ..........................................................................14 Automatically Tune the Frequency Control Loop (FCL) .................14 Calibrating the FCL .........................................................................14 Calibrating the VCO .......................................................................16 Calibrating the RSSI .............................................................................17 Audio Calibration .................................................................................18 Calibrating the Balanced Lines .........................................................18 Calibrating the Unbalanced Lines ....................................................19 Carrier Frequency Offset Adjustment

(Older Reciters) ....................................................................................21 Carrier Frequency Offset Adjustment

(Newer Reciters) ..................................................................................22 Calibrating the Power Amplifier ....................................................................24 TB8100 Calibration Kit Users Manual Contents i Calibrating the PA Bias ........................................................................ 24 Calibrating the Forward and Reverse Detector Bias Voltages ............... 25 Calibrating the PA Power .................................................................... 25 Troubleshooting Tips ..................................................................... 26 Calibrating the Supply Voltage ............................................................. 27 Calibrating the Power Management Unit .................................................... 28 Calibrating the PMU Output Voltage .................................................. 28 Index .................................................................................. 29 ii Contents Tait Electronics Limited 2005 Preface Welcome to the TB8100 Calibration Kit Users Manual. This manual provides you with information about the Tait TB8100 Calibration Kit in PDF format. You can view it online or print it if you want a paper copy. It describes how to use Version 02.05 of the Calibration Kit. Enquiries and Comments Any enquiries regarding this manual as well as any comments, suggestions and notifications of errors should be sent to support@taitworld.com, or addressed to the Support Group Manager, Tait Electronics Limited, PO Box 1645 Christchurch, New Zealand. Updates of Manual and Equipment In the interests of improving the performance, reliability or servicing of the equipment, Tait Electronics Limited reserves the right to update the equipment or this manual or both without prior notice. Copyright All information contained in this manual is the property of Tait Electronics Limited. All rights are reserved. This manual may not, in whole or in part, be copied, photocopied, reproduced, translated, stored, or reduced to any electronic medium or machine-readable form, without prior written permission from Tait Electronics Limited. All trade names referenced are the service mark, trademark or registered trademark of the respective manufacturers. Disclaimer There are no warranties extended or granted by this manual. Tait Electronics Limited accepts no responsibility for damage arising from use of the information contained in the manual or of the equipment and software it describes. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that use of such information, equipment and software complies with the laws, rules and regulations of the applicable jurisdictions. Typographical Conventions File > Exit means click File on the menu bar, then select Exit. Associated Documentation Online Help. The Calibration Kit also has online Help. It contains more or less the same information as this manual. To view it, start the Calibration Kit, then press F1 or click the Help icon on the toolbar. If you are in a dialog box, click the Help button. TB8100 Installation and Operation Manual. TB8100 Service Manual (service centers only). A glossary of terms is available in this manual. TN-778 The TB8100 Calibration and Test Unit. For additional items, see the TB8100 Installation and Operation Manual and the TB8100 Service Kit Users Manual or online Help. TB8100 Calibration Kit Users Manual Preface iii Publication Record Version Date Description 1.0 02.00 June 2003 First release of the manual for Version 1.0.0 of the Tait TB8100 Calibration Kit software. March 2004 Minor quality issues resolved and software changes documented for Version 02.00. 02.01

(MBA-00011-03) September 2004 Carrier Frequency Offset Adjustment procedure for reciter version 00.03+ added. PA store supply voltage and PMU output voltage calibration added. 02.02

(MBA-00011-04) December 2004 Changes for K-band reciters. 02.05

(MBA-00011-05) March 2005 Minor changes for Calibration Kit software version 02.05. L-band reciters. iv Preface Tait Electronics Limited 2005 Basic Tasks The TB8100 Calibration Kit is a Windows-based software program that allows you to adjust the switching ranges of Tait TB8100 base stations (both receiver and transmitter), and to flatten the receiver response across that switching range. The TB8100 Calibration Kit is also used to calibrate the reciter, the PA, and the PMU after servicing. Using the TB8100 Calibration Kit When you start the TB8100 Calibration Kit, the main program window appears. Menu bar Toolbar Calibration Wizards Status bar The main program window has four tabs. The Calibration Wizards displayed on each tab are only visible once you are connected to the reciter or the base station. When the TB8100 Calibration Kit is connected to the reciter or base station, you can view further details (such as module number, type, serial number, band, and hardware version) about the currently selected module by clicking Show Details. Frequency Setup tab Shows the three Calibration Wizards that take you step-by-step through the frequency setup. Reciter Calibration tab Shows the seven calibration procedures that you can perform on the reciter. The Calibration Wizard takes you step-by-step through the procedure you have selected. PA Calibration tab Shows the four calibration procedures that you can perform on the power amplifier. The Calibration Wizard takes you step-by-step through the procedure you have selected. PMU Calibration tab Shows the procedure that you can perform on the PMU. TB8100 Calibration Kit Users Manual Using the TB8100 Calibration Kit 1 About the Toolbar The toolbar gives you quick access to commonly used menu commands. For example, instead of selecting Base Station > Calibrate, you can click the Calibrate icon on the toolbar. Connect Connects the TB8100 Calibration Kit to the base station and opens the communication channels. Switch Base Station Lets you select another base station to calibrate if there are multiple base stations in the rack (not currently supported). Calibrate Options Help Runs the Calibration Wizard for the currently selected task. Allows you to set the COM port and default calibration mode. Opens the online help for the window you are currently in. About the Status Bar The status bar provides you with useful information that supplements the display in the main window. Miscellaneous messages COM port in use 2 Using the TB8100 Calibration Kit Tait Electronics Limited 2005 Equipment Required You need the following equipment for field calibration:

Calibration and test unit (CTU) (order code TBA0ST1) which comes with the cables you will need for connection to the reciter/PA and the PC. For more information about the CTU, please refer to TN-778 The TB8100 Calibration and Test Unit. Power cable RF cable BNC to BNC cable 25-way cable 15-way TaitNet cable 16-way cable Calibration test kit (order code TBA0ST2) which comprises tuning tools and the required screwdrivers in a tool pouch 10-30 V DC power supply RS-232 cable RF attenuator (optional depends on the setup) You may need the following additional equipment for a service center calibration:

Frequency counter Modulation meter RF signal source AC millivoltmeter (one with a differential input may be required for Calibrating the Balanced Lines on page 18) Refer to the individual procedures for equipment setup diagrams. Calibration Overview Any calibration process creates digital values and a calibration date, which are stored in the base station. The Service Kit can display the date of the last calibration. Many calibration procedures initially clear the stored digital values. If you do not complete the procedure or the stored digital values are outside acceptable limits, the module is left uncalibrated. An uncalibrated reciter will go into Download mode on startup and cannot be put into Run mode. An uncalibrated PA generates a calibration invalid alarm. If the procedure you are performing requires access to tuning holes, you need to remove the reciter from the subrack and connect to it via the CTU. The following tables summarise, for each procedure, whether or not you need to remove the reciter from the subrack, and what equipment (in addition to a PC with the TB8100 Calibration Kit software) you will need. TB8100 Calibration Kit Users Manual Equipment Required 3 Field Calibration The following procedures can be carried out in the field. Procedure Connection Equipment Required Adjusting receiver lock band Outside subrack Tuning tool, CTU Tuning the receiver Outside subrack Tuning tool (with fine metal tip for UHF reciter), CTU Adjusting exciter lock band Outside subrack Tuning tool, CTU Adjusting the carrier frequency offset Depends on reciter Tuning tool, Frequency counter, RF attenuator (only if using PA) Service Center Calibration The following additional procedures may need to be carried out after a module has been serviced. Note: Replacing or repairing a board module may mean that the modules product code, product type (frequency band), serial number, and/or hardware version need to be re-entered or altered. To do this, your Calibration Kit needs a dongle. The Service Manual indicates when a module detail needs re-entering or altering. Procedure Connection Equipment Required Automatically tuning FCL Inside subrack None Calibrating the FCL modulation Outside subrack Calibrating the VCO modulation Outside subrack Tuning tool, CTU, modulation meter, RF attenuator (only if using PA) Tuning tool, CTU, modulation meter, RF attenuator (only if using PA) Calibrating the RSSI Inside subrack RF signal source Calibrating the balanced lines Inside subrack CTU, AC millivoltmeter

(perhaps with differential input) Calibrating the unbalanced lines Inside subrack CTU, AC millivoltmeter Reciter 4 Calibration Overview Tait Electronics Limited 2005 Power Amplifier Power Management Unit Procedure Connection Equipment Required Calibrating the PA bias Inside subrack None required Calibrating the forward &

reverse detector bias voltages Inside subrack None required Calibrating the PA power Inside subrack None required Storing supply voltages Inside subrack Variable voltage external power supply Procedure Connection Equipment Required Output voltage calibration Inside subrack Digital multimeter Selecting the Communications Port Before you connect to a base station, you should first define the communications (COM) port that you want to use. To select the COM port 1. Select Tools > Options. 2. Select the port that you want to use from the COM Port list. Note: The available COM ports are detected by the program and appear in the list. 3. Click OK. The COM port you selected is now shown on the status bar. Connecting to a Reciter Outside the Subrack Field calibration procedures require access to the tuning holes, so you need to remove the reciter from the subrack and connect to it using a CTU. Equipment Calibration and test unit (CTU) An IBM compatible PC 10-30 V DC power supply 16-way cable RS-232 cable TB8100 Calibration Kit Users Manual Selecting the Communications Port 5 Setup 5 4 3 6 8 7 5 6 7 8 16-way cable Reciter Power cable 10-30 V DC power supply 2 1 1 2 3 4 PC RS-232 cable CTU Programming port To connect to the reciter 1. Remove the reciter from the subrack (for instructions, see the Installation and Operation Manual). 2. Set up the equipment as follows. Connect the reciter to the calibration and test unit (CTU) using the 16-

way cable. Connect your computer to the CTU by plugging the RS-232 cable into the programming port. Using the power cable supplied in the calibration test kit, connect the reciter to the 10-30 V DC power supply, but do not power it up yet. 3. Start the TB8100 Calibration Kit program, and check that the correct COM port is selected. 4. Click Connect to start the connection process. 5. When you see the Waiting for logon prompt from Reciter screen, power up the reciter. If it is already on, turn it off, and then on. 6. When the TB8100 Calibration Kit program has successfully connected to the reciter, the Calibration Wizards are displayed in the main window. You are now ready to tune and calibrate the reciter. 6 Connecting to a Reciter Outside the Subrack Tait Electronics Limited 2005 Connecting to a Reciter via the Control Panel For calibration procedures that do not require access to tuning holes, you can leave the reciter in the subrack and connect your PC to the control panel as follows. Equipment An IBM compatible PC RS-232 cable Setup 1 3 2 4 1 2 Base station Serial port 3 4 RS-232 cable PC To connect to a reciter in the subrack 1. Connect your computer to the base station by plugging the RS-232 cable into the serial port of the base stations control panel. Note: If the base station is fitted with a TaitNet RS232 system interface, the control panel serial port is disabled; connect to the serial port at the reciter rear instead. 2. Start the TB8100 Calibration Kit program, and check that the correct COM port is selected. 3. Click Connect to start the connection process. 4. As soon as you see the Waiting for logon prompt from Reciter screen, power up the base station. If it is already on, turn it off, and then on. 5. When the TB8100 Calibration Kit program has successfully connected to the base station, the Calibration Wizards are displayed in the main window. You are now ready to carry out calibration procedures. Disconnecting from the Base Station/Reciter Once calibration is completed, click Disconnect before exiting the Calibration Kit. Important: Disconnecting when a calibration process is not completed may leave the base station in an uncalibrated state. TB8100 Calibration Kit Users Manual Connecting to a Reciter via the Control Panel 7 Troubleshooting Application Errors All application errors are recorded in a log file called CalError.log. The data, time, location, and any other useful information is stored in this file, which may be helpful when troubleshooting. The file is saved in the Logfiles subfolder of the application folder and stores up to 1000 of the most recent logged items. Verifying the Software Version If you need to verify the version of the TB8100 Calibration Kit, select Help > About. Commands Record All the commands sent and received by TB8100 Calibration Kit are saved in a file called CCTM.log. The date, time, command number, and parameters are all stored in this file, which may be helpful when troubleshooting. The file is also saved in the Logfiles subfolder and stores up to 1000 of the most recent logged items. 8 Troubleshooting Tait Electronics Limited 2005 Adjusting the Frequency Setup Before the TB8100 base station is installed, connected, and configured, you must prepare it for operation by adjusting the switching range of the reciter, and flattening the receiver response across the base stations switching range. Note: If the required switching range for the base station has already been defined, you dont need to perform these procedures. To prepare the base station for operation 1. Adjust the receiver lock band 2. Tune the receiver front end 3. Adjust the exciter lock band Tip: Use the TB8100 Service Kit to monitor the base station and find out its current switching range. Important: Be careful when using the tuning tool. Attempting to turn the tool beyond the end of the range can crack the tuning slug. Adjusting the Receiver Lock Band The first step in preparing the TB8100 base station for operation is to adjust the receiver lock band (switching range). The lock band is the range of frequencies that the receiver is calibrated to operate on. Equipment Tuning tool CTU To adjust the receiver lock band 1. Remove the reciter from the subrack. (For instructions, see the Installation and Operation Manual.) 2. Connect the Calibration Kit to the reciter (see Connecting to a Reciter Outside the Subrack on page 5). 3. Select the Frequency Setup tab, and double-click Set Receiver VCO. The Set Receiver VCO Wizard appears. The display varies, depending on the reciter band. 4. Enter the Center Frequency (which must be a multiple of 500 kHz) of the lock band that you want to use, and click Next. 5. Insert the tuning tool into the correct receiver VCO tuning hole for the reciter type and then click Next. VHF receiver VCO tuning hole UHF receiver VCO tuning hole TB8100 Calibration Kit Users Manual Adjusting the Receiver Lock Band 9 6. Adjust the receiver VCO trimmer until the actual band matches the desired band. The bands turn green. Click Finish. This stores the lock band in the on the Frequency Setup tab indicates that this task is reciter. The icon complete. Proceed to tune the front end. Tuning the Receiver Front End The second step in tuning the reciter frequency is to tune the receiver front end. Tuning aims to maximise the receivers sensitivity and to flatten its response across the lock band (switching range). To help you do this, there is a graph of the RSSI readings in step two of the Tune Receiver Front End Wizard. A number of RSSI readings are measured across the switching range. These readings are then continually averaged to produce the graph. You should aim to achieve a response that looks something like this:

On UHF, 800 MHz, and 900 MHz reciters, you adjust helical filters. On VHF reciters, you adjust trimmer capacitors. Equipment Tuning tool CTU Setup 3 5 4 6 2 1 PC 1 4 CTU 2 RS-232 cable 3 5 Noise source 6 Programming port Reciter 10 Tuning the Receiver Front End Tait Electronics Limited 2005 Tuning a K-Band, H-Band, or L-Band Receiver Front End To tune the receiver front end, follow these steps. 1. Ensure you are already connected to the reciter (see Connecting to a Reciter Outside the Subrack on page 5). 2. Select the Frequency Setup tab, and double-click Tune Receiver Front End. The Tune Receiver Front End Wizard appears. 3. Connect the CTUs noise source to the receiver input, turn the noise source on, and then click Next. 4. Click Coarse (fast) and use the tuning tool to roughly adjust the front-end helical filters on the receiver. As you do so, observe the graphical RSSI readings across the lock band. Adjust first for maximum RSSI, and then for flatness. Note: As the response gets flatter, you may find it helpful to select a more sensitive scale, so that you can see the graphical reading in more detail. UHF helical filters:

Second set First set Use the tuning tool as follows. a. Insert the tuning tool into the first hole of the first set. You can start with the hole on the left side and proceed along to the hole on the right, or vice versa. b. Tune each of the resonators in the first set once to give the best response. c. Insert the tuning tool into the first hole of the second set. You can start with the top hole and proceed down to the bottom hole, or vice versa. d. Tune each of the resonators in the second set once to give the best response. e. Repeat this procedure as necessary to refine the response. 5. Once you have roughly tuned the front-end helical filters, click Fine

(slow). Repeat the above procedure to fine tune the front-end helical filters until the response is flat in the middle of the lock band and not more than

-1 dB at the ends of the band. Note: When using the Fine (slow) setting, you may notice a slight delay as the reading from tuning the front-end helical filters takes approximately one second to appear on the graph. TB8100 Calibration Kit Users Manual Tuning the Receiver Front End 11 6. Click Finish. The icon on the Frequency Setup tab indicates that this task is complete. Tuning a VHF Receiver Front End To tune the receiver front end, follow these steps. 1. Ensure you are already connected to the reciter (see Connecting to a Reciter Outside the Subrack on page 5). 2. Select the Frequency Setup tab, and double-click Tune Receiver Front End. The Tune Receiver Front End Wizard appears. 3. Connect the CTUs noise source to the receiver input, turn the noise source on, and then click Next. 4. Click Coarse (fast) and use the tuning tool to roughly adjust the four front-end trimmers on the receiver. You can do this in any order. As you do so, observe the graphical RSSI readings across the lock band. Adjust first for maximum RSSI, and then for flatness. Note: As the response gets flatter, you may find it helpful to select a more sensitive scale, so that you can see the graphical reading in more detail. VHF trimmer holes 5. Once you have roughly tuned the trimmers, click Fine (slow). Repeat the above procedure until the response is flat in the middle of the lock band and not more than -1 dB at the ends of the band. Note: When using the Fine (slow) setting, you may notice a slight delay as the reading from tuning the trimmers takes approximately one second to appear on the graph. 6. Click Finish. The icon on the Frequency Setup tab indicates that this task is complete. 12 Tuning the Receiver Front End Tait Electronics Limited 2005 Adjusting the Exciter Lock Band If you are preparing the base station for operation, adjusting the exciter lock band is the third step in tuning the reciter. Alternatively, this procedure can be performed independently of the other two calibration wizards on the Frequency Setup tab. Adjusting the exciter lock band defines the range of frequencies that the base station is able to transmit on. For K-band UHF exciters, the procedure is somewhat different: you select one of the two lock bands instead of defining a center frequency. Note: When performing this procedure, you dont need to terminate the exciter output port. An internal output pad means that there is a good impedance match at this interface. Equipment Tuning tool CTU To calibrate the exciter lock band 1. Ensure you are already connected to the reciter (see Connecting to a Reciter Outside the Subrack on page 5). 2. Select the Frequency Setup tab, and double-click Set Exciter VCO. The Set Exciter VCO Wizard appears. 3. Enter the center frequency (which must be a multiple of 500 kHz) of the lock band that you want to use, and click Next. Alternatively, for a K-band UHF exciter, select one of the two available lock bands. This specifies the lock band that you adjust and that the exciter oper-

ates in. 4. Insert the tuning tool into the correct exciter VCO tuning hole (see below) and adjust the trimmer until the actual band matches the desired band. The bands turn green. (For K-band UHF exciters, adjustment should only be necessary if the board has been repaired.) Click Finish. Once you have finished adjusting the exciter lock band, the icon Frequency Setup tab indicates that this task is complete. on the Exciter VCO tuning hole for H-band Exciter VCO tuning hole for VHF Exciter VCO tuning hole for K-band

(850-870 MHz) and L-band (852-854 MHz) Exciter VCO tuning hole for K-band

(762-776 MHz) and L-band (928-941 MHz) TB8100 Calibration Kit Users Manual Adjusting the Exciter Lock Band 13 Calibrating the Reciter The reciter is fully calibrated in the factory, but if the reciter is serviced you may need to perform the following procedures:

Calibrating the Exciter Calibrating the RSSI Audio Calibration To compensate for frequency drift, you may need to perform the following:

Carrier Frequency Offset Adjustment (Older Reciters) or Carrier Frequency Offset Adjustment (Newer Reciters) All these procedures can be done independently of each other, although it is recommended that you tune the receiver before you calibrate the RSSI. Important: It is recommended that only accredited service centers and Tait engineers perform these procedures. Calibrating the Exciter You will need to calibrate the exciter if you have made component-level repairs to it. There are three procedures that must all be completed in order:

1. Auto-tune the FCL 2. Calibrate the FCL 3. Calibrate the VCO Automatically Tune the Frequency Control Loop (FCL) Tuning the FCL calibrates the voltage levels used in the detectors for the FCL. To automatically tune the FCL 1. Connect the Calibration Kit PC to the reciter and start the Calibration Kit. 2. Select the Reciter Calibration tab, and double-click FCL Auto Tuning. The FCL Auto Tuning Wizard appears. 3. Click Calibrate to automatically tune the FCL. The icon You will now need to calibrate the FCL. on the Reciter Calibration tab indicates that this task is complete. Calibrating the FCL This is step two of calibrating the exciter. Once you have auto-tuned the FCL, you should calibrate it. Equipment Tuning tool CTU Modulation meter RF attenuator (only required if you are using a PA) 14 Calibrating the Exciter Tait Electronics Limited 2005 Setup 1 2 3 4 1 2 Reciter PA (optional) RF attenuator (only required if using a PA) 3 4 Modulation meter To calibrate the FCL 1. Ensure that the Calibration Kit PC is connected to the reciter. 2. Select the Reciter Calibration tab, and double-click FCL Calibration. The FCL Calibration Wizard appears. 3. Attach an appropriate Load and Modulation meter to the PA or exciter output, set the meter to measure the RMS deviation, and then click Next.

(If you are using a PA, it will now transmit.) 4. Insert the tuning tool into the correct exciter VCO tuning hole (see below) and adjust the trimmer until the actual band matches the desired band. The bands turn green. Click Next. 5. Use the slider to adjust the deviation at 1 kHz until it is 2107 Hz RMS

(3 kHz peak). 6. Select the 30 Hz Modulation Test and adjust the deviation at 30 Hz until it is 2107 Hz RMS (3 kHz peak). 7. Repeat steps 5 and 6 until the deviation is 2107 Hz RMS at both 1 kHz and 30 Hz. 8. Click Finish. (If you are using a PA, it will now stop transmitting.) When you have finished calibrating the FCL, the icon Calibration tab indicates that this task is complete. You will now need to calibrate the VCO. on the Reciter Exciter VCO tuning hole for H-band Exciter VCO tuning hole for VHF Exciter VCO tuning hole for K-band (850-

870 MHz) and L-band (852-854 MHz) Exciter VCO tuning hole for K-band (762-

776 MHz) and L-band (928-941 MHz) TB8100 Calibration Kit Users Manual Calibrating the Exciter 15 Calibrating the VCO This is step three of calibrating the exciter. Once you have tuned and calibrated the FCL, you calibrate the VCO at frequencies across the whole lock band. This involves selecting a sub-band, adjusting the lock band trimmer, and then moving on-screen sliders to adjust the deviation to 3 kHz for each of a set of frequencies. Equipment Tuning tool CTU Modulation meter RF attenuator (only required if you are using a PA) Setup 1 2 3 4 1 2 Reciter PA (optional) RF attenuator (only required if using a PA) 3 4 Modulation meter To calibrate the VCO 1. Ensure that the Calibration Kit PC is connected to the reciter. 2. Select the Reciter Calibration tab, and double-click VCO Calibration. The VCO Calibration Wizard appears. 3. Attach an appropriate Load and Modulation meter to the PA or exciter output, set the meter to measure the peak deviation, and then click Next.

(If you are using a PA, it will now transmit.) 4. Adjust the exciter lock band trimmer until the actual band matches the desired band. The bands turn green. 5. Click Next. Step 3 of the wizard appears. 6. Calibrate each of the frequencies shown. Follow these steps. a. Click the option button alongside a frequency. b. Using the Fine and Coarse arrows, adjust the slider until the deviation shown on the modulation meter is 3000 Hz (peak). c. Repeat steps a) and b) until all frequencies for the band are calibrated. This enables the Next Band button. 7. Click Next Band and repeat steps 4) through 6). Repeat until all frequencies in all bands have been calibrated. 8. If you are connected to a K-band reciter, click Next. Select which of the two available bands the reciter will operate on. 9. Click Finish. (If you are using a PA, it will now stop transmitting.) When you have finished calibrating the VCO, the icon Calibration tab indicates that this task is complete. on the Reciter 16 Calibrating the Exciter Tait Electronics Limited 2005 You should now adjust the exciter lock band because it was re-tuned several times during this procedure. This means that the exciter is no longer on the required frequency. Calibrating the RSSI Calibrating the RSSI (received signal strength indicator) ensures that the reciter's internal RSSI values accurately reflect the actual received signal strength. Changing the receiver's lock band can alter the calibration accuracy by about 1 dB. Note: Ensure that the receivers lock band has already been adjusted to the required setting before carrying out this procedure. (See Adjusting the Receiver Lock Band on page 9.) Equipment RF signal source Setup 1 2 1 2 RF signal source Reciter To calibrate the RSSI 1. Ensure that the Calibration Kit PC is connected to the reciter. 2. Select the Reciter Calibration tab, and double-click RSSI Calibration. The RSSI Calibration Wizard appears. 3. Apply a signal (modulated at 1 kHz tone, 3kHz deviation peak) at the base stations center frequency. Use the CTU to confirm that the tone is being output on the line, and then click Next. 4. Set the RF input signal to a level of -80 dBm, and then click Next. 5. Vary the RF level, and check that the value shown in the RSSI Gain Setting box corresponds with the value shown on your test instrument. This is to make sure the RSSI is correctly calibrated. Click Finish. When you have finished calibrating the RSSI, the icon Calibration tab indicates that this task is complete. on the Reciter TB8100 Calibration Kit Users Manual Calibrating the RSSI 17 Audio Calibration You should calibrate the audio outputs/inputs if the system interface has been replaced or changed at all. Note: The balanced and unbalanced lines can be calibrated independently of each other. Calibrating the Balanced Lines Calibrating the balanced lines adjusts their gain, so that when you set line levels using the TB8100 Service Kit software, the actual line level correctly reflects the Service Kit settings. (Refer to the TB8100 Service Kit Users Manual for further information.) Equipment CTU AC millivoltmeter Important: If the reciter you are calibrating has either the product code TBA4xxx-0A0x or TBA5xxx-0A0x, its balanced line output is not transformer isolated. Ensure that the line meter you are using has a differential input otherwise the balanced line output will not be calibrated properly. Setup for Balanced Line Out Setup for Balanced Line In 1 5 4 3 2 6 1 2 Reciter 25-way cable 3 CTU 4 System interface port Line output 5 6 AC millivoltmeter 1 7 5 4 3 2 6 1 2 7 Reciter 25-way cable Line input 3 CTU 4 System interface port Line output 5 6 AC millivoltmeter 18 Audio Calibration Tait Electronics Limited 2005 To calibrate the balanced input and output lines 1. Ensure that the Calibration Kit PC is connected to the reciter. 2. Select the Reciter Calibration tab, and double-click Balanced Line Calibration. The Balanced Line Calibration Wizard appears. 3. Attach an AC millivoltmeter and terminate the balanced output in 600 ohms (either using the load on the CTU or looping the balanced output to the balanced input), and then click Next. 4. Adjust the slider in the dialog box until the audio level on the millivoltmeter reads 1 VPP (0.354 VRMS). Note: Click Coarse to roughly adjust the audio level, and once you get within range, click Fine for more precise control over the settings. To move up or down 10 mVPP, click either side of the slider bar. 5. Click Next. The balanced output is now calibrated. 6. Note the level of the AC millivoltmeter, and then turn off the 600 ohm load. 7. Connect the balanced output to the balanced input. Verify that the millivoltmeter reading is substantially unchanged. (This confirms that the input provides a 600 ohm impedance.) 8. Click Finish. The balanced input is now calibrated. When you have finished calibrating the balanced lines, the icon Reciter Calibration tab indicates that this task is complete. on the Calibrating the Unbalanced Lines Calibrating the unbalanced lines adjusts their gain, so that when you set line levels using the TB8100 Service Kit software, the actual line level correctly reflects the Service Kit settings. (Refer to the TB8100 Service Kit Users Manual for further information.) Equipment CTU AC millivoltmeter Setup for Unbalanced Line Out 1 5 4 3 2 6 1 2 Reciter 25-way cable 3 CTU 4 System interface port 5 Unbalanced line output 6 AC millivoltmeter TB8100 Calibration Kit Users Manual Audio Calibration 19 Setup for Unbalanced Line In 1 5 6 4 3 2 1 2 Reciter 25-way cable 3 CTU 4 System interface port 5 Unbalanced line input 6 Unbalanced line output To calibrate the unbalanced input and output lines 1. Ensure that the Calibration Kit PC is connected to the reciter. 2. Select the Reciter Calibration tab, and double-click Unbalanced Line Calibration. The Unbalanced Line Calibration Wizard appears. 3. Attach an AC millivoltmeter to the unbalanced line output, and then click Next. 4. Adjust the slider in the dialog box until the audio level on the millivoltmeter reads 1 VPP (0.354 VRMS) to calibrate the unbalanced line output, and then click Next. Note: Click Coarse to roughly adjust the audio level, and once you get within range, click Fine for more precise control over the settings. To move up or down 10 mVPP, click either side of the slider bar. The unbalanced line output is now calibrated. 5. Connect the unbalanced output to the unbalanced input, and then click Finish. The unbalanced line input is now calibrated. When you have finished calibrating the unbalanced lines, the icon Reciter Calibration tab indicates that this task is complete. on the 20 Audio Calibration Tait Electronics Limited 2005 Carrier Frequency Offset Adjustment

(Older Reciters) The carrier frequency is derived from a reference frequency generated by the reciters TCXO (temperature compensated crystal oscillator). The reference frequency can drift over time, causing an offset to the carrier frequency. When you connect to a reciter with hardware version 00.02 or earlier, the Calibration Kit provides the following procedure that enables you to adjust the carrier frequency and remove the offset. Reciters are delivered from the factory with a 0 offset. Carry out the following procedure if you suspect that the base station is transmitting off-frequency.

(Off-frequency is defined as being outside the range of -1 to +1 ppm.) It is a good idea to calibrate the TCXO every few years. Exactly how often you do this will depend on the harshness of the conditions in which the base station is operating. Ideally, you should calibrate the TCXO at a room temperature of 25 +/- 5 degrees Celsius. Complete the calibration as quickly as possible since extended transmission times increase temperature, which makes the calibration less accurate. Equipment Frequency counter RF attenuator (only required if you are using a PA) Important: The accuracy of the calibrated TCXO frequency is only as good as the accuracy of the frequency counter. Setup 1 1 2 Reciter PA (optional) 2 3 4 3 4 RF Attenuator pad (optional) Frequency counter To adjust the carrier frequency 1. Ensure that the Calibration Kit PC is connected to the reciter (see Connecting to a Reciter via the Control Panel on page 7). 2. Select the Reciter Calibration tab, and double-click Carrier Freq Offset Adjustment. The Carrier Freq Offset Adjustment Wizard appears. 3. Attach an appropriate load and frequency counter (or a test set) to the exciter or PA output, and then click Next. (This instructs the setup to transmit.) 4. Using the slider, adjust the TCXO pot until the actual frequency is exactly the same as the selected frequency value. Click Coarse to roughly (and quickly) adjust the output frequency, and then click Fine to fine-tune it. When you have finished, click Finish. (The setup now stops transmitting.) on the Reciter Calibration tab indicates When you have finished, the icon that this task is complete. TB8100 Calibration Kit Users Manual Carrier Frequency Offset Adjustment (Older Reciters) 21 Carrier Frequency Offset Adjustment

(Newer Reciters) Equipment Setup The TCXO (temperature compensated crystal oscillator) provides a reference frequency from which all other RF frequencies are derived. Reciters with hardware version 00.03 and above have a voltage-controlled TCXO, with a pot for adjusting the reference frequency to remove any carrier frequency offset. The Carrier Freq Offset Adjustment wizard provides assistance with this procedure. Tait recommends that the reciter TCXO is recalibrated after 3 months service and that annual checks are made thereafter in order to compensate for frequency drift. Recalibration ensures that the SDB (signal displacement bandwidth) is within 250 Hz. The TCXO has a frequency stability of 0.5ppm (parts per million) corresponding to 250Hz at a carrier frequency of 500MHz. Tait recommends that the TCXO is calibrated to within 0.1ppm. Torx 10 screwdriver (to remove the reciter cover) Tuning tool Frequency counter RF attenuator (only required if you are using a PA) Important: The accuracy of the calibrated TCXO frequency is only as good as the accuracy of the frequency counter. 1 1 2 Reciter PA (optional) 2 3 4 3 4 RF Attenuator pad (optional) Frequency counter You need direct access to the TCXO circuitry on the reciter RF board. This involves removing the reciter RF cover. Important: The reciter contains devices that are susceptible to damage from static charges. You must handle these devices according to the recommended ESD precautions. To adjust the carrier frequency 1. Remove the reciter from the subrack. 2. Remove the M3 Torx screws securing the reciter RF cover to the heatsink and to the front and rear panels. (The RF side of the reciter can be identified by the two BNC connectors on that side of the reciters rear.) Lift off the RF cover. 3. Connect the Calibration Kit to the reciter (see Connecting to a Reciter Outside the Subrack on page 5). 4. Select the Reciter Calibration tab, and double-click Carrier Freq Offset Adjustment. The Carrier Freq Offset Adjustment wizard appears. 22 Carrier Frequency Offset Adjustment (Newer Reciters) Tait Electronics Limited 2005 5. Attach an appropriate load and frequency counter (or a test set) to the exciter or PA output, and then click Next. The exciter now begins transmitting on the center frequency of its lock band. The Wizard displays a message similar to the following:

Adjust RV1400 to set frequency within 0.1ppm or 48Hz of 485 MHz 6. Use the tuning tool to adjust the TCXO tuning control (RV1400) so that the reciter is transmitting exactly on frequency. 7. Click Finish. Transmission ceases and the icon on the Reciter Calibration tab indicates that this task is complete. 8. Replace the reciter RF cover, as follows. a. Slide the cover into place over the front and rear panels. Make sure the holes in the cover line up with the threaded holes in the heatsink and front and rear panels. b. Press the cover firmly into place and screw in the M3 Torx screws, first on the flat face, then on the edge face. TB8100 Calibration Kit Users Manual Carrier Frequency Offset Adjustment (Newer Reciters) 23 Calibrating the Power Amplifier The PA is fully calibrated in the factory, but if the PA is serviced you may need to perform the following procedures:

Calibrating the PA Bias Calibrating the Forward and Reverse Detector Bias Voltages Calibrating the PA Power Calibrating the Supply Voltage Perform the procedures in the above order. Important: It is recommended that only accredited service centers and Tait engineers perform these procedures. Calibrating the PA Bias The driver and final transistors of the power amplifier must be biased at a constant current. Since the characteristics of individual transistors vary slightly, the bias current is calibrated for each device. If either the driver or final transistor, or the PCB modules themselves, are replaced during servicing, you should perform this procedure to calibrate the bias current for the new device. The bias current required for each amplifier stage is stored within the PA. During the calibration process, the microprocessor adjusts the gate bias voltage to obtain the required bias current for each stage. The stage bias calibration sets up the amplifiers DC operating conditions. These DC conditions will be upset if there is RF present during calibration. It is important to disconnect the RF cable from the PA input to avoid this. The other conditions which must be met to ensure a successful calibration are as follows:

No other Calibration Wizards are running The supply voltage is within the range 27-29V The temperature of each stage is within the range 5-50C To calibrate the PA stage bias current 1. Ensure that the Calibration Kit PC is connected to the base station. 2. Select the PA Calibration tab, and double-click Calibrate PA Bias. 3. Ensure that the exciter RF is isolated from the PA by disconnecting the SMA connector on the PA front panel. 4. Click Calibrate to calibrate the PA bias. When you have finished calibrating the power amplifier bias, the icon the PA Calibration tab indicates that this task is complete. on 24 Calibrating the PA Bias Tait Electronics Limited 2005 Calibrating the Forward and Reverse Detector Bias Voltages The RF detectors, used for measuring the forward and reverse power, operate with a small bias current. The resulting bias voltage from each detector (with no RF present) is read and stored inside the PA. These voltages are used when calculating the Antenna VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio). You should calibrate the forward and reverse detector bias voltages:

If the Low Pass Filter (LPF)/directional coupler PCB module is replaced After servicing of any components in the detector circuitry (such as the detector diodes) on the LPF/ directional coupler PCB To calibrate the forward and reverse detector bias voltages 1. Ensure that the Calibration Kit PC is connected to the base station. 2. Select the PA Calibration tab, and double-click Calibrate Fwd/Rev Detector Bias Voltages. 3. Ensure that the PA is not transmitting and that there is no RF source present at the PA RF input or output by disconnecting the input SMA connector on the PA front panel and the N type output connector from the rear of the PA. Click Calibrate. When you have finished, the icon this task is complete. on the PA Calibration tab indicates that Calibrating the PA Power The power amplifier (PA) receives the RF signal from the reciter and amplifies it to the required level, in watts, as requested by the reciter. The desired output power is determined by the reference voltage for the power control loop. The PA power control loop is calibrated at a single frequency, generally in the center of the operating band. You perform the calibration procedure to define for each power level the reference DAC (Digital-to-Analogue Converter) value and forward detector voltage. You should only need to re-calibrate the PA power if:

The Low Pass Filter (LPF)/directional coupler PCB module is replaced Any repairs are carried out on the forward and reverse detector circuitry on the Low Pass Filter/directional coupler PCB module You require a more accurate power calibration on a specific frequency Equipment Either an inline power meter and 50 ohm load with a high power rating, or A terminating power meter and appropriate 50 ohm attenuator with a high power rating TB8100 Calibration Kit Users Manual Calibrating the Forward and Reverse Detector Bias Voltages 25 Setup for Inline Power Meter 2 5 1 3 4 1 2 Reciter 16-way cable 3 4 PA RF Power Meter 5 Load Note: Cables and connectors can easily cause a power loss of several watts if either too long or poorly terminated. Always use the shortest possible leads (or connectors instead of leads) between the PA and power meter set-up. To calibrate the PA transmit power 1. Ensure that the Calibration Kit PC is connected to the base station. 2. Select the PA Calibration tab, and select Calibrate PA Power. 3. Ensure that the power meter and a 50 ohm load (VSWR < 1.2:1) with a high power rating are connected to the power amplifier RF output, and then click Next. 4. Check that the PA RF input is connected to the reciter RF output, and that the PA and the reciter are connected by a control bus, and then click Next. 5. For each power level shown, use the slider to adjust the DAC setting to get the required power output, and then click Next Power to move to the next line. Note: Click Coarse to roughly adjust the DAC setting, and once you get within range, click Fine for more precise control over the settings. To move up or down one DAC value, click either side of the slider bar. Note: You must perform the calibration in sequence from the lowest to the highest step. The DAC setting must be greater than the previous one otherwise the value will not be stored in the PA, and you cannot move to the next line. 6. When you have completed adjusting the DAC settings, click Finish. When you have finished, the icon this task is complete. on the PA Calibration tab indicates that Troubleshooting Tips When you adjust the DAC settings, the values for the DAC Setting, Coupler Fwd Voltage, and Control Voltage should always increase as the power level increases. If these values do not increase, there is either a fault with the PA or the previous step was not calibrated correctly. If you make a mistake in the calibration table, you must start again from step 1. The Control Voltage is shown in the table to indicate the operation point within the power control loop. The range of the control voltage is from 0 V to 7.5 V. If the control voltage reaches its limit before achieving maximum power in the table, this indicates either a faulty gain stage in the PA or low RF input power to the PA. DAC Settings Control Voltage 26 Calibrating the PA Power Tait Electronics Limited 2005 VSWR The VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) is monitored at the RF output of the PA during calibration. The software will not allow calibration into a load VSWR > 1.3:1. If a calibration step cannot be stored, check that the load VSWR is <1.3:1. It is recommended that the load should have an input VSWR <1.2:1. Calibrating the Supply Voltage Equipment The Calibrate Supply Voltage procedure stores DAC values for a set of different PA supply voltages. These values are used by the PAs high and low voltage alarms and for power foldback and shutdown. Calibrating the supply voltage is only done if you have replaced the PA control board or its EEPROM IC. An accredited service center must first re-program the PA with its product code, PA type, and serial number. All other PA calibration procedures also become necessary. Variable voltage power supply Made-up adapter cable to connect the PA power input to the power supply, with a Chocolate block screw connector at one end and (for example) banana plugs at the other. Important: Do not attempt this procedure without a variable voltage power supply. You could be left with a PA that will not transmit. To calibrate the PA power supply voltage 1. Connect the calibration kit to the base station. 2. Connect the variable voltage power supply to the PA as follows. (The PA can be in or out of the subrack, as long as it is connected via the I2C bus.), a. Remove the PA power connector from the socket in the PMU. b. To make sure that you dont re-connect the power cable with the wrong polarity, mark the green connector to indicate which side is positive and which is negative. c. Remove the PAs power cable from the green connector and connect it to the Chocolate block screw connector on the made-up cable. d. Connect the other end of the cable to the variable voltage power supply. 3. Select the PA calibration tab, and double-click Calibrate Supply Voltage. The Calibrate Supply Voltage wizard appears. 4. Check that everything is connected correctly, and then click Next. 5. Set the power supply to 24.00 V as instructed, and then click Next. The PA stores the DAC equivalent of the voltage you supplied and the wizard moves to the next step. 6. Follow the wizard instructions (Steps 3-5) to store DAC values for 26, 30, and 32 V. If desired, you can click Back to repeat a step. 7. When the wizard indicates that calibration is completed, click Finish. The icon indicates that this task is complete. beside Calibrate Supply Voltage in the PA Calibration tab 8. Re-connect the PAs power cable to the green connector, using the marks you made to ensure that you connect the wires the right way round. 9. Re-connect the PA to the PMU. TB8100 Calibration Kit Users Manual Calibrating the Supply Voltage 27 Calibrating the Power Management Unit There is only one calibration procedure for the PMU: calibrating its output voltage. Calibrating the PMU Output Voltage Calibrating the PMU output voltage adjusts the voltage to be 28.00 V. This procedure is only carried out when a replacement control card or microprocessor is fitted to the PMU. Normally, the output voltage will be accurate without calibration. Note: Re-calibrating the PMU output voltage may result in it failing to meet the published specification of +/- 0.5% accuracy. This is because control cards are calibrated in the factory under half-load, giving a voltage that is closer to 28.00 V under varying loads. To calibrate the output voltage 1. Connect the Calibration Kit to the base station (see Connecting to a Reciter via the Control Panel on page 7). 2. Select the PMU Calibration tab. 3. Double-click Output Voltage Calibration. The Calibrate Output Voltage wizard appears. 4. Connect a digital multimeter to the PMU output and read the output voltage. 5. Enter the voltage into the PMU Voltage box and click Calibrate. 6. When the wizard indicates that the calibration completed successfully, click Finish. 28 Calibrating the PMU Output Voltage Tait Electronics Limited 2005 Index A AC millivoltmeter see equipment Antenna VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ra-

tio) 25 audio level calibrating 19, 20 B balanced input calibrating 19 balanced output calibrating 19 band 1 entering 4 base station connecting to 7 disconnecting from 7 bias current required for each power level 24 RF detectors 25 C calibration test kit see equipment calibration test unit (CTU) connecting to computer 6 connecting to reciter 6 see also equipment calibration wizards Balanced Line Calibration Wizard 19 Calibrate Fwd/Rev Detector Bias Voltages Wizard 25 Calibrate PA Bias Wizard 24 Calibrate PA Power Wizard 26 Calibrating Supply Voltage 27 Carrier Freq Offset Adjustment Wizard 21, 22 FCL Auto Tuning Wizard 14 FCL Calibration Wizard 15 RSSI Calibration Wizard 17 Set Exciter VCO Wizard 13 Set Receiver VCO Wizard 9 Tune Receiver Front End Wizard 11, 12 Unbalanced Line Calibration Wizard 20 VCO Band Tuning Wizard 16 COM port 5 control voltage 26 coupler fwd voltage 26 D DAC (Digital-to-Analogue Converter) adjusting settings 26 detector diodes 25 detectors forward and reverse 25 directional coupler 25, 25 driver transistor 24 E equipment AC millivoltmeter 18, 19 calibration test kit 3 calibration test unit (CTU) 10, 18, 19 frequency counter 21, 22 modulation meter 14, 16 power meter 25 RF attentuator 14, 16, 21 RF attenuator 22 RF signal source 17 Torx screwdriver 22 tuning tool 9, 10, 13, 14, 16, 22 exciter adjusting lock band 13 calibrating 14, 14, 14, 16 component repairs to 14 F FCL (Frequency Control Loop) calibrating the modulation 14 final transistor 24 forward detector 25 calibrating bias voltage 25 frequency calibrating 21, 22 defining center frequency 9 defining range of 13 frequency counter see equipment G gate bias voltage 24 TB8100 Calibration Kit Users Manual Index 29 H hardware version 1 entering 4 L lock band definition 9 see exciter see receiver log files application errors 8 commands received and sent 8 Low Pass Filter (LPF) 25, 25 M modulation meter see equipment module number 1 O operating range see switching range P PA calibrating bias current 24 calibrating RF detector bias voltages 25 calibrating the supply voltage 27 calibrating transmit power 25 connecting to 7 details 1 faulty gain stage 26 low RF input power 26 PCB module 25, 25 peak deviation measuring 16 PMU calibrating output voltage 28 power supply see equipment product code 1 entering 4 R receiver adjusting lock band 9 tuning front end helical filters 10 reciter calibrating 14 connecting to 5 connecting to in subrack 7 details 1 off-frequency 21 tuning the frequency 9 Reference DAC 25 resonators see front end helical filters reverse detector calibrating bias voltage 25 RF attenuator 22 see equipment RF detectors 25 RF signal source see equipment RMS (root means squared) measuring deviation of 15 RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) tuning receiver 10 S serial number 1 entering 4 status bar 2 switching range adjusting 9 definition 9 system interface 18 T TCXO (Temperature Compensated Crystal Oscillator) calibrating 21, 22 toolbar 2 troubleshooting 8 PA power calibration 26 U unbalanced input calibrating 20 unbalanced output calibrating 20 V version of Calibration Kit software 8 VSWR 25, 27 W wizards see calibration wizards 30 Index Tait Electronics Limited 2005