FCC ID: GOL3YH-NPX138 VHF/FM Transceiver

Installation and Operation Manual NPX138N Series Panel Mount FM Transceiver SM41 ISSUE 4.01 Northern Airborne Technology Ltd. 1925 Kirschner Road Kelowna, BC, Canada. V1Y 4N7 Telephone (250) 763-2232 Facsimile (250) 762-3374 Issued on the authority of Northern Airborne Technology Ltd. Copyright 2010 NPX138N Series Panel Mount FM Transceiver SM41 Installation and Operation Manual IMPORTANT INFORMATION FOR AVIONICS INSTALLATION FACILITIES The NPX138N Series Panel Mount FM Transceivers are supplied without TSO certification, as no such standard presently exists for airborne VHF-FM radio transceivers. This equipment provides what is considered as supplemental communications, and can be installed in an aircraft on a Non interference basis. Installation should be performed using standard procedures applicable to aircraft radio installation, to ensure that the newly installed equipment does not interfere with any other equipment in the aircraft. This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the condition that this device does not cause harmful interference Installation and Operation Manual ENG-FORM: 820-0116.DOT CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY TO NORTHERN AIRBORNE TECHNOLOGY LTD. Page ii NPX138N Series Panel Mount FM Transceiver SM41 Installation and Operation Manual Checked By:

Prepared By:

The status of this installation and operation manual is controlled by issue shown on the title page. The status of each section is controlled by revision shown in the footer of each page. All revisions affecting sections of this manual have been incorporated into the latest issue. Approved By:

Certification:

IMPORTANT NOTICE Chelton Avionics Inc. doing business as Wulfsburg Electronics Inc. will be responsible for full distribution and revisions of ICAs (Instructions for Continued Airworthiness). ISSUE/REVISION RECORD Manual Issue Number 4.01 4.00 Section Revision Number Section 1 Rev: 1.00 Section 2 Rev: 1.00 Section 3 Rev: 1.00 N/A Installation and Operation Manual ENG-FORM: 820-0116.DOT Revision Description Issue Date Rewritten in latest format Aug 17, 2010

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Nov 10, 2003 Page iii CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY TO NORTHERN AIRBORNE TECHNOLOGY LTD. NPX138N Series Panel Mount FM Transceiver SM41 Installation and Operation Manual Table of Contents Title Description Introduction Product Description Design Features Specifications Electrical Specifications Physical Specifications Environmental Specifications Unit Nomenclature Narrowband Capability Lighting Power Special Options Voice-Inversion Encryption Installation Introduction Unpacking and Inspection Warranty Continued Airworthiness Installation Procedures Warnings Cautions Notes Cabling and Wiring Antennas Mechanical Mounting Post-Installation Checks Post Installation EMI Test Installation Drawings Section 1. 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4.1 1.4.2 1.4.3 1.5 1.5.1 1.5.2 1.5.3 1.5.4 2. 2.1 2.2 2.2.1 2.3 2.4 2.4.1 2.4.2 2.4.3 2.4.4 2.4.5 2.4.6 2.4.7 2.4.8 2.5 Page 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-2 1-2 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 2-1 2-1 2-1 2-1 2-1 2-2 2-2 2-2 2-2 2-3 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-5 Page iv Installation and Operation Manual ENG-FORM: 820-0116.DOT CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY TO NORTHERN AIRBORNE TECHNOLOGY LTD. NPX138N Series Panel Mount FM Transceiver SM41 Installation and Operation Manual Main RX (Receive) Volume Control RX/TX Status Indicator Scan/Guard TX Switch Guard Controls General Controls Normal Operating Mode Title Operation Introduction General Information Controls and Indicators Initial Operation Power-up Help Initial Operating Display Display Function Controls Channel Switch Brightness Switch Squelch Pushbutton Channel Display ID Display Line RX Display Line TX Display Line Channel Editing SELECT Switch NEXT Switch EDIT Switch HELP Switch Status Editing NEXT and SELECT Switch Use Status Edit Features Tones General Tone Display and Selection Turning Tones On and Off Scanning General Scan Operation Scan Modes Wideband/Narrowband Operation Editing Wideband/Narrowband Flag Configuration Mode Using Configuration Mode Configuration Option Table Section 3. 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.4.1 3.4.2 3.5 3.6 3.6.1 3.6.2 3.6.3 3.6.4 3.7 3.7.1 3.7.2 3.7.3 3.8 3.8.1 3.8.2 3.8.3 3.9 3.9.1 3.9.2 3.9.3 3.9.4 3.10 3.10.1 3.10.2 3.11 3.11.1 3.11.2 3.11.3 3.12 3.12.1 3.12.2 3.12.3 3.13 3.13.1 3.14 3.14.1 3.14.2 Page 3-1 3-1 3-1 3-2 3-2 3-2 3-3 3-3 3-4 3-4 3-4 3-4 3-5 3-5 3-6 3-6 3-6 3-6 3-7 3-7 3-8 3-8 3-9 3-9 3-9 3-10 3-10 3-11 3-12 3-12 3-12 3-14 3-14 3-14 3-15 3-15 3-16 3-16 3-17 3-17 3-18 Installation and Operation Manual ENG-FORM: 820-0116.DOT CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY TO NORTHERN AIRBORNE TECHNOLOGY LTD. Page v NPX138N Series Panel Mount FM Transceiver SM41 Installation and Operation Manual Section 1 Description Introduction 1.1 Information in this section consists of product description, design features and specifications for the NPX138N Series Panel Mount FM transceiver, serial number 1238 and above. All derivative product information will be contained in the applicable manual supplement, which may be obtained from Northern Airborne Technology Ltd. as required. Review all notes, warnings and cautions. Product Description 1.2 The NPX138N Series incorporates Northern Airborne Technology Ltds proven user-friendly operating system with on-line help, making it easy to program and use. The small size makes this radio ideal for airframes where size and weight are a factor. The NPX138N Series panel mount FM transceiver is a stand-alone radio designed for the single mission user. It provides all the features needed to satisfy FM communications within the VHF-FM high band. Design Features 1.3 The NPX138N Series covers a frequency range of 138.000 MHz to 173.995 MHz in 5.0/6.25 kHz increments. Each of the 100 available channels can include a receive frequency and CTCSS tone;

transmit frequency and CTCSS tone, and an alpha/numeric identifier. A SCAN function allows scanning of selected channels. Transmit power of either 1 watt or 10 watts is selectable from the front of the NPX138N. Simplex and semi-duplex operations are available. An optional guard receiver is available with some models. DTMF encoding and direct keyboard entry can be effected by the use of the DTE12, an accessory available from Northern Airborne Technology Ltd. Conveniently located beside the display are separate main volume, guard volume and transmit select switches. Easily identified along the bottom of the front panel are squelch test, channel up/down and display brightness controls. The aircraft dimmer buss provides control for the panel lighting. Depending on model selected the NPX138N Series can provide wideband ( 5.0 kHz Rated System Deviation) and/or narrowband ( 2.5 kHz Rated System Deviation) by channel. Compensation circuitry ensures that the average receive audio level remains constant when the mode changes. Section 1 Rev: 1.00 ENG-FORM: 800-0116.DOT CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY TO NORTHERN AIRBORNE TECHNOLOGY LTD. Issue 4 Page 1-1 NPX138N Series Panel Mount FM Transceiver SM41 Installation and Operation Manual 1.4 1.4.1 Specifications Electrical Specifications Input power Current consumption Panel lighting Sidetone output Microphone Frequency range Tone capability Operating mode Receiver Main Guard 1.4.1.1 Channel increments Audio output Sensitivity Spurious response rejection Adjacent channel rejection Wideband Narrowband Intermodulation rejection Hum and Noise ratio Distortion Unsquelched Squelched Transmitter 1.4.1.2 RF power output RF input/output impedance Rated System Deviation Wideband Narrowband Section 1 Rev: 1.00 ENG-FORM: 800-0116.DOT 28 Vdc nominal 0.5 A receive/2.0 A transmit (typical) 0.8 A receive/3.0 A transmit (max.) 28 Vdc, 14 Vdc or 5 Vdc dependent on model 25 mW @ 600 , adjustable. Amplified Dynamic or equivalent, 150 balanced/unbalanced 138.000 MHz to 173.995 MHz 38 standard CTCSS tones simplex or semi-duplex 5 kHz/6.25 kHz 100 mW @ 600 Balanced/Unbalanced 0.5 V max. @ 12 dB SINAD 0.5 V max. @ 12 dB SINAD 70 dB 70 dB min. @ 25 kHz 60 dB min. @ 12.5 kHz 70 dB

>50 dB

<-80 dBw

<4% @ rated output 1 W/10 W Selectable 50 nominal 5.0 kHz max, limited 2.5 kHz max, limited Issue 4 Page 1-2 CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY TO NORTHERN AIRBORNE TECHNOLOGY LTD. NPX138N Series Panel Mount FM Transceiver SM41 Installation and Operation Manual 100 mVrms into 150 for 60% of rated system deviation High power Low power Microphone Audio Sensitivity Conducted spurious emissions Carrier frequency stability FM hum and noise ratio AM hum and noise ratio Distortion

-64 dBc

-55 dBc 0.0003 %

>40 dB

>35 dB

<4 %

1.4.2 Physical Specifications Height Overall depth Depth behind panel Width Weight Mounting Connector type Antenna connector 1.88 inches (47.6 mm) 8.64 inches (219.5 mm) 7.66 inches (194.6 mm) 5.75 inches (146.1 mm) 3.0 lbs. (1.4 kg) Standard Dzus mounting (4 fasteners) 25 pin D-subminiature male (pins) BNC female 1.4.3 Environmental Specifications Operating temperature Altitude Humidity Vibration

-30 C to +60 C 25,000 feet 95%

DO-160C Cat. M Unit Nomenclature 1.5 Variants of the NPX138N series radios are identified as follows:

Narrowband Capability NPX138 N - 000 Lighting Power Special Options Encryption Section 1 Rev: 1.00 ENG-FORM: 800-0116.DOT CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY TO NORTHERN AIRBORNE TECHNOLOGY LTD. Issue 4 Page 1-3 NPX138N Series Panel Mount FM Transceiver SM41 Installation and Operation Manual 1.5.1 Narrowband Capability

"}

{tc "1.6.1 Narrowband Capability The letter N after the NPX138 designation indicates the capability for narrowband selection in addition to wideband. If this part of the name is blank, the unit has wideband capabilities only. NPX138 N - 000 N Blank

= Wideband and Narrowband modulation

= Wideband modulation only 1.5.2 Lighting Power

{tc "1.6.2 Options

"}

The digit in the first position of the unit suffix indicates the lighting power used. NPX138 N - 000 0 1 2 5 7 8 9

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

28 Vdc Lighting 14 Vdc Lighting 28 Vdc NVG NVIS A Compliant 5 Vdc Lighting 28 Vdc NVG Compatible Lighting 14 Vdc NVG Compatible Lighting 5 Vdc NVG Compatible Lighting 1.5.3 Special Options The digit in the second position of the unit suffix indicates any special options installed. NPX138 N - 000

=

0 5

=

6

=

7

=

Other =

No Special options installed USFS Standard Guard Custom Guard - consult factory for details Synthesized Guard Special options installed - consult factory for details 1.5.4 Voice-Inversion Encryption The digit in the third position of the unit suffix indicates whether voice inversion encryption is installed. NPX138 N - 000 0 1

=

=

Section 1 Rev: 1.00 ENG-FORM: 800-0116.DOT No Encryption Encryption Section 1 ends Issue 4 Page 1-4 CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY TO NORTHERN AIRBORNE TECHNOLOGY LTD. NPX138N Series Panel Mount FM Transceiver SM41 Installation and Operation Manual Section 2 Installation 2.1 Introduction Information in this section consists of unpacking and inspection procedures, installation procedures, post-installation checks and installation drawings for the NPX138N Series Panel Mount FM Transceiver. Review all notes, warnings and cautions. 2.2 Unpacking and Inspection Unpack the equipment carefully and locate the warranty card. Inspect the unit visually for damage due to shipping and report all such claims immediately to the carrier involved. Check that all items listed below are present before proceeding and report any shortage immediately to your supplier:

- Warranty Card

- Operators Manual

- Certificate of Conformity or Release Certification 2.2.1 Warranty All Northern Airborne Technology Ltd. products are warranted for 2 years from date of installation by an authorized Northern Airborne Technology Ltd. dealer, to be free of defects in workmanship or performance. This warranty covers all materials and labour, but is exclusive of any transport to deliver the defective unit to and from Northern Airborne Technology Ltd. or its designated warranty repair center, or any labour to remove or re-install the defective unit in the aircraft. Contact Northern Airborne Technology Ltd. for any questions regarding this warranty, its applicability to your units and/or for return authorization. Northern Airborne Technology Ltd. is the final arbitrator concerning warranty administration. Units which have been physically damaged, burned, immersed in water or otherwise abused beyond the scope of normal use will not be considered for warranty. WARRANTY IS VOID UNLESS THE PRODUCT IS INSTALLED BY AN AUTHORIZED NORTHERN AIRBORNE TECHNOLOGY LTD. DEALER. Product for which a warranty card is not returned shall be warranted from date of manufacture. 2.3 Continued Airworthiness Maintenance of the NPX138N Panel Mount FM Transceiver is on condition only. Periodic maintenance of these products is not required. 2.4 Installation Procedures Installation Notice This product must be installed in accordance with the installation instructions provided in the latest issue of this Installation and Operation Manual. Check the Publication Index at www.northernairborne.com for the issue status of the manual. The latest issue of the manual may be downloaded from the same website. All risk associated with installation of this product contrary to these instructions shall be the responsibility of the installing agency. Section 2 Rev: 1.00 ENG-FORM: 805-0121.DOT CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY TO NORTHERN AIRBORNE TECHNOLOGY LTD. Issue 4 Page 2-1 NPX138N Series Panel Mount FM Transceiver SM41 Installation and Operation Manual 2.4.1 Warnings WARNING:

High volume settings can cause hearing damage. Set the headset volume control to the minimum setting prior to conducting tests, and slowly increase the volume to a comfortable listening level. 2.4.2 Cautions CAUTION:

Do not bundle any lines from this unit with transmitter coax lines. Do not bundle any logic, audio, or DC power lines from this unit with 400 Hz synchro wiring or AC power lines. Do not position this unit next to any device with a strong alternating magnetic field such as an inverter or significant interference to operation will result. In all installations, use shielded cable exactly as shown and ground as indicated. Significant problems may result if these guidelines are not followed. All audio installations can be severely degraded by incorrect wiring and shielding, and may result in much higher cross-talk, hum, and ground-loop interference. This should be considered when audio wiring to and from the radio installation is performed. 2.4.3 Notes The case of the NPX138N must be electrically grounded for maximum resistance to low frequency interference. A pin on the connector (Chassis ground) is provided and must be connected by a short wire to a clean ground, not jumpered to the power ground wire connection. Refer to the aircraft structural repair manual and maintenance manual for instructions and information pertinent to this installation. 2.4.4 Cabling and Wiring All wire shall be selected in accordance with the original aircraft manufacturer's Maintenance Instructions or AC43.13-1B Change 1, Paragraphs 11-76 through 11-78. Unshielded wire types shall qualify to MIL-W-22759 as specified in AC43.13-1B Change 1, Paragraphs 11-85, 11-86, and listed in Table 11-11. For shielded wire applications, use Tefzel MIL-C-27500 shielded wire with solder sleeves (for shield terminations) to make the most compact and easily terminated interconnect. Follow the interconnect drawing in Section 2.5 as required. Coaxial cable shall be selected in accordance with MIL-C-17 unless otherwise specified. Do not use coax cable with PVC insulation. Teflon dielectric cable is encouraged at or above VHF frequencies or where cable runs exceed 8 feet. Note that at VHF frequencies, cables losses due to long cable runs and tight bends may reduce the ERP (Effective Radiated Power) by greater than 50%. Allow 3" from the end of the shielded wiring to the shield termination to allow the connector hood to be easily installed. Refer to the interconnect drawing in Section 2.5 for shield termination details. Note that the hood is a "clamshell" hood, and is installed after the wiring is complete. Aircraft harnessing shall Section 2 Rev: 1.00 ENG-FORM: 805-0121.DOT Issue 4 CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY TO NORTHERN AIRBORNE TECHNOLOGY LTD. Page 2-2 NPX138N Series Panel Mount FM Transceiver SM41 Installation and Operation Manual permit the unit to be removed from the panel for easy access to all side adjustments. Do NOT mount the unit until all adjustments have been performed. Maintain wire segregation and route wiring in accordance with the original aircraft manufacturers Maintenance Instructions. Coaxial cables shall be routed separately from existing wire bundles in the aircraft to minimize electromagnetic coupling effects. Unless otherwise noted, all wiring shall be a minimum of 22 AWG, except power and ground lines, which shall be a minimum of 20 AWG. Reference the Interconnect drawing for additional specifications. Check that the ground connection is clean and well secured, and that it shares no path with any electrically noisy aircraft accessories such as blowers, turn and bank instruments or similar loads. Power to this unit must be supplied from a separate circuit breaker or fuse (fast blow), and not attached to any other circuit breaker without additional protection. Verify that the selected circuit breaker size and wire gauge are adequate for the installation using the techniques specified in AC43.13-1B Change 1, Paragraphs 11-47 through 11-51 and 11-66 through 11-69. 2.4.5 Antennas Correct antenna placement and mounting is critical in order to achieve the best possible performance. In general, keep all antennas as widely separated as possible and clear of any large airframe obstructions. Installation of the antenna should be in accordance with the original aircraft manufacturers instructions for continued airworthiness or AC 43.13-1B Change 1, chapter 11, section 15 and AC 43.13-2A chapter 3. If possible, the antenna should be located a minimum of 12 ft from aircraft navigation receiver antennas and a minimum of 4 feet from aircraft communications and ELT antennas. Be careful not to choose separations that closely approximate , or whole-number multiples of the navigation or communications system wavelength. Note: Avoid any placement that puts antennas of like frequencies close together. Bottom mounted antennas will perform best in flight, but poorest on the ground during testing. Antennas may be severely degraded by 'masking' effects of the fuselage or stabilizers, and generally give best performance when bottom mounted. To reduce interference from rotor modulation and other undesirable stimuli, any blade or whip antenna must be surrounded by a ground plane surface (metallic, grounded material) with a radius equal to or greater than the height of the antenna. Under the same conditions, the antenna is also much less likely to cause interference to other aircraft systems (e.g. coupling into audio system, fluctuations in instrumentation, etc.). Poor grounding will result in severe reflected power and high levels of RFI throughout the airframe. Avoid antenna locations that will become fouled with oil, water, fuel or dirt, as this will degrade performance. Roof mounts (in close proximity to rotor blades) are permissible. 2.4.6 Mechanical Mounting Installation of the transceiver should be in accordance with the original aircraft manufacturers instructions for continued airworthiness or AC 43.13-1B Change 1, chapter 7, sections 2 to 7 and AC 43.13-2A, chapter 2. Pr 35 Dzus rail or equivalent may be used. Mounting the NPX138N requires a Dzus rail assembly with an opening width of 127 mm (5 inches) and a front clearance width of 146.1 mm (5.75 inches). Height requirement is 47.6 mm (1.875 inches). Refer to the mounting drawings and unit mechanical specifications to determine proper clearance dimensions. Be sure that adequate clearance is allowed for the cable connections to each unit. Section 2 Rev: 1.00 ENG-FORM: 805-0121.DOT Issue 4 CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY TO NORTHERN AIRBORNE TECHNOLOGY LTD. Page 2-3 NPX138N Series Panel Mount FM Transceiver SM41 Installation and Operation Manual 2.4.7 Post-Installation Checks 2.4.7.1 Voltage/resistance checks Do not attach the NPX138N until the following conditions are met. Check the following:

a) b) c) P101 pins <12> and <13> for +28 Vdc relative to ground. Light voltage as listed in the table below. P101 pins <22>, <23>, <24> and <25> for continuity to ground (below 0.5 ). 28 Volt Models 14 Volt Models 5 Volt Models P101 Pin #

11 10 10 Light Voltage Voltage 28 Vdc 14 Vdc 5 Vdc Ensure that the antenna is disconnected for the following test or erroneous readings may be obtained. d) Radio coax connector for continuity to the antenna coax connector (shield and center conductor), and for open circuit from the center conductor to ground and open circuit from the center conductor to the shield. 2.4.7.2 Power On Checks Install the NPX138N and power up the ships systems. Turn on the radio. Check the operation of all front panel controls. Adjust brightness and volume levels as required. Check all transmit and receive functions. Ensure the RX/TX status indicator lights green when the radio is keyed to transmit and amber when receiving. Check the SCAN function. Note: It may not be possible to hear the received audio if the tones do not match those set in the radio. To avoid any confusion, tones should be set to OFF (via the status edit mode) during scanning so that all channels will be heard. Check the antenna feedline at the R/T with a through-line wattmeter and suitable frequency elements to ensure correct antenna matching. Reflected power in excess of 25% represents a serious problem, and should be investigated carefully, or serious RFI and system interference as well as possible radio damage may result. A VSWR measurement over 3.0:1 represents a significant loss in signal power to the antenna. Check that forward power is to specifications over the frequency band of the radio. Upon satisfactory completion of all performance checks, make all required log book entries, electrical load, weight and balance amendments and other documentation as required by your local regulatory agency before releasing the aircraft for service. Section 2 Rev: 1.00 ENG-FORM: 805-0121.DOT CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY TO NORTHERN AIRBORNE TECHNOLOGY LTD. Issue 4 Page 2-4 a) b) c) d) NPX138N Series Panel Mount FM Transceiver SM41 Installation and Operation Manual 2.4.8 Post Installation EMI Test The purpose of this test is to identify any interference that the NPX138N may cause with existing aircraft systems. The NPX138N should be tested in accordance with the Installation Approval Test Procedure

(see section 2.5), and the test results documented on the record sheets. 2.5 Installation Drawings REV. DESCRIPTION 1.50 Panel Mount Radio 1.20 Panel Mount Radio 1.10 Post Installation EMI Test 1.50 Panel Mount Radio 1.21 Panel Mount Radio TYPE Interconnect (2 sheets) Connector Map Installation Approval Test Procedure Faceplate Mechanical Installation DOCUMENT NPX138\403-0 NPX138\405-0 NPX138\634-0 NPX138\905-0 NPX138\922-0 Section 2 ends following the above documents Issue 4 Page 2-5 Section 2 Rev: 1.00 ENG-FORM: 805-0121.DOT CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY TO NORTHERN AIRBORNE TECHNOLOGY LTD. INSTALLATION APPROVAL TEST PROCEDURE Description: Panel Mount Radio Rev: 1.10 NAT Part #: NPX138 Document #: NPX138\634-0 1. Post Installation EMI Test The purpose of this test is to identify any interference that the NPX138 may cause with existing aircraft systems. 2. Test Conditions The NPX138 should be installed and function tested. The antenna VSWR should be checked. A forward/reverse power check with an in-line wattmeter should show no more than 10% reflected power. For the following tests, insure that the transmit power is set to HI. 3. Methodology Most of the EMI tests can be accomplished on the ground. In some cases, flight testing is required or is easier. If the aircraft is approved for IFR operations, then it is mandatory that interference between the NPX138 and the approach aids be checked in flight. The GPS should be operational and navigating with at least the minimum compliment of satellites. The VHF comm should be set to the frequencies indicated with the squelch open. VOR/ILS/GS receivers should be set to the frequencies indicated and selected for display. If possible, set up a VOR/ILS ramp test set on the frequencies indicated and adjust the output until the flags are out of view. The transponder and encoder should be monitored with ramp test equipment. If possible set the ADF to a nearby navigation station. Modulate the NPX138 transmitter on the indicated frequencies for at least 20 seconds. Observe the GPS for any degradation in satellite status or availability or flags. Listen for any noise or detected audio signals on the VHF comm(s). Listen for any noise or detected audio signals on the VOR/LOC receiver audio; look for any movement of flags or needles on the VOR/LOC/GS navigation display(s). List the power plant, fuel and other electric instruments in the chart provided and note any anomalies that occur while transmitting. Assess the results. If the aircraft is equipped with an autopilot or a stability augmentation system, then test fly the aircraft and verify that the operation of the NPX138 transceiver does not have adverse effects on these systems. After checking for gross effects at a safe altitude, fly an approach with each of the different navigation systems coupled to the autopilot (ILS, GPS etc.) and look for any anomalies. Rev. 1.10 ENG-FORM: 634-0100.DOT Apr 19, 2004 Page 1 of 7 CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY TO NORTHERN AIRBORNE TECHNOLOGY LTD. 4. Results NPX138 Installation Approval Test Procedure If the installed system passes all of the applicable EMI tests, then no further action is required. If interference is observed, then the interference must be assessed against the appropriate standards of airworthiness for the system in question. For example: it is permissible for a VFR certified GPS to lose navigation capability while the NPX138 is transmitting, providing that it recovers properly and promptly, but it is not permissible for an IFR Approach certified GPS to be affected in the same way. A complete discussion of all the standards of airworthiness to be applied in assessing EMI effects is beyond the scope of this document. 5. Procedure A. Operate the NPX138 transmitter on the following frequencies for at least 20 seconds. Observe the GPS for any degradation in satellite status, or availability, or flags. FREQUENCIES GPS #1 GPS #2 NPX138 143.2187 MHz 143.2200 MHz 153.4500 MHz 157.5400 MHz 157.5437 MHz PASS FAIL PASS FAIL NOTES:

Rev. 1.10 E NG-FORM: 634-0100.DOT Apr 19, 2004 Page 2 of 7 CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY TO NORTHERN AIRBORNE TECHNOLOGY LTD. B. NPX138 Installation Approval Test Procedure Determine if the image frequency for the VHF Comm falls within the range of the NPX138 unit. If so, select a set of frequencies that will cause the NPX138 to be set as close as possible to the image frequency. Any one of the many possible sets will suffice. Record these values in the spaces provided in the following chart. Modulate the NPX138 transmitter on the following frequencies for at least 20 seconds. Listen for any noise or detected audio signals on the VHF comm. Example - Bendix/King KY 196A:

The first IF frequency is 11.4 MHz. The L.O. is above the received frequency

(high side injection), therefore the image frequency is 22.8 MHz above the selected frequency. Set the KY 196A to 120.000 MHz and the NPX138 to 142.8000 MHz. VHF #1 135.975 121.150 131.250 Image:

VHF #2 135.975 121.150 131.250 Image:

FREQUENCIES NPX138 138.0000 157.5000 157.5000 FREQUENCIES NPX138 138.0000 157.5000 157.5000 RESULTS PASS FAIL RESULTS PASS FAIL NOTES:

Rev. 1.10 E NG-FORM: 634-0100.DOT Apr 19, 2004 Page 3 of 7 CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY TO NORTHERN AIRBORNE TECHNOLOGY LTD. C. NPX138 Installation Approval Test Procedure Determine if the image frequency for the VOR/ILS Nav falls within the range of the NPX138 unit. If so, select two sets of frequencies that will cause the NPX138 to be set as close as possible to the image frequency. Choose one set in the localizer frequency range, and one in the VOR frequency range. Record these values in the spaces provided in the following chart. Modulate the NPX138 transmitter on the following frequencies for at least 20 seconds. Listen for any noise or detected audio signals on the receiver audio; look for any movement of flags or needles on the navigation display. VOR/ILS #1 108.000 108.100 Image:

Image:

FREQUENCIES NPX138 162.0000 162.1500 VOR/ILS #2 108.000 108.100 Image:

Image:

FREQUENCIES NPX138 162.0000 162.1500 RESULTS PASS FAIL RESULTS PASS FAIL NOTES:

Rev. 1.10 E NG-FORM: 634-0100.DOT Apr 19, 2004 Page 4 of 7 CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY TO NORTHERN AIRBORNE TECHNOLOGY LTD. D. NPX138 Installation Approval Test Procedure Modulate the NPX138 transmitter on the following frequencies for at least 20 seconds. Look for any movement of flags or needles on the navigation display. G/S #1 334.7 (108.1) FREQUENCIES NPX138 167.3500 G/S #2 334.7 (108.1) FREQUENCIES NPX138 167.3500 RESULTS PASS FAIL RESULTS PASS FAIL NOTES:

Note: For the following tests, select frequencies at the top, middle and bottom of the range of the NPX138. Frequency #1 ______________ Frequency #2 ______________ Frequency #3 ______________ At a safe altitude, engage the autopilot or stability augmentation system. Modulate the NPX138 transmitter on the above frequencies for at least 20 seconds. Observe any effect on the autopilot or stability augmentation system. E. Observations:

Rev. 1.10 E NG-FORM: 634-0100.DOT CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY TO NORTHERN AIRBORNE TECHNOLOGY LTD. Apr 19, 2004 Page 5 of 7 NPX138 Installation Approval Test Procedure F. Perform a coupled ILS approach to the aircraft's certified limits. Modulate the NPX138 transmitter on the above frequencies for at least 20 seconds. Observe any effect on the autopilot. Repeat for each different system such as ILS #2, GPS, FMS etc. Observations:

G. List the power plant, fuel and other electric instruments in the chart provided and note any anomalies that occur while transmitting. Assess the results. STEP 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 SYSTEM Xponder & Encoder ADF 1 & 2 VG Compass Directional Gyro Oil Pressure Fuel Pressure Oil Temp Amps Bus Voltage Fuel %

Ng TOT Torque %

Annunciators Digital Clock PASS FAIL NOTES Rev. 1.10 E NG-FORM: 634-0100.DOT Apr 19, 2004 Page 6 of 7 CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY TO NORTHERN AIRBORNE TECHNOLOGY LTD. NPX138 Installation Approval Test Procedure SYSTEM PASS FAIL NOTES STEP NOTES:

End of Installation Approval Test Procedure Apr 19, 2004 Page 7 of 7 Rev. 1.10 E NG-FORM: 634-0100.DOT CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY TO NORTHERN AIRBORNE TECHNOLOGY LTD. NPX138N Series Panel Mount FM Transceiver SM41 Installation and Operation Manual Section 3 Operation Introduction 3.1 Information in this section consists of functional and operational procedures for the NPX138N Panel Mount FM Transceiver. General Information 3.2 In addition to the general functions that are available on other FM radios, the NPX138N has several features that extend its capability and make it easier to use. These features include alphanumeric channel labelling, built-in operator help, scanning, optional guard receiver, and numerous others. For ease of use and operability, Northern Airborne Technology Ltd uses the same control layout and operating system in the NPX138N series of radios as it does in its popular Tac/Com family of radio control heads. In addition to this manual, there is a help function built into the radio comprehensive sufficient to address most operational questions. Many of the front panel controls have more than one function, dependent on the operating mode of the radio. For this reason, they have multiple labels. When the radio is in Normal mode (EDIT switch in the center Off position), use the top label and when the radio is in Edit mode (either CH or ST), use the bottom label. Controls and Indicators 3.3 In addition to the general functions that are available on other FM radios, the NPX138N has several features that extend its capability and make it easier to use. These features include alphanumeric channel labelling, built-in operator help, scanning, optional guard receiver, and numerous others. For ease of use and operability, Northern Airborne Technology Ltd uses the same control layout and operating system in the NPX138N series of radios as it does in its popular Tac/Com family of radio control heads. In addition to this manual, there is a help function built into the radio comprehensive enough to address most operational questions. Many of the front panel controls have more than one function, dependent on the operating mode of the radio. For this reason, they have multiple labels. When the radio is in Normal mode (EDIT switch in the center Off position), use the top label; and when the radio is in Edit mode (either CH or ST) use the bottom label. Section 3 Rev: 1.00 ENG-FORM: 806-0115.DOT CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY TO NORTHERN AIRBORNE TECHNOLOGY LTD. Issue 4 Page 3-1 NPX138N Series Panel Mount FM Transceiver SM41 Installation and Operation Manual 3.4 Initial Operation{tc "1.4.2 Initial Operation"}

Power-up Help 3.4.1 Turn the NPX138N on by rotating the main volume control clockwise, away from the Off detent position. The software revision number will briefly display, followed by a screen presenting an option for use of the on-line Help system, as shown below. If the HELP button is pushed, the radio will present a tutorial on the operation of the radio. To advance through the tutorial, press HELP after reading each screen. To exit this initial HELP function at any time, move the NEXT switch momentarily left or right. Initial Operating Display 3.4.2 If Help is declined (by using the NEXT switch as directed), the radio will display a summary of the installed functions and current settings (this feature can be disabled at installation for faster start-up). The radio is then ready for normal operation. Issue 4 Page 3-2 Section 3 Rev: 1.00 ENG-FORM: 806-0115.DOT CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY TO NORTHERN AIRBORNE TECHNOLOGY LTD. NPX138N Series Panel Mount FM Transceiver SM41 Installation and Operation Manual Display"}

3.5 Display{tc "1.4.3 Channel Info Status Info Channel Display Mode Brightness Control The diagram above shows a typical radio display in Normal operating mode. The upper row of the display contains information related to the currently selected channel. The specific information displayed depends on the setting of the DISP (display) switch located in the bottom left hand corner of the front panel. When it is in the ID position (as shown above), the display shows the channel identifier or name. When it is in the RX or TX position, the display shows the respective receive or transmit information. See section 3.8 for further details on the Channel Display. The lower row of the display contains information related to specific radio functions. Normally, it shows the settings for the power level and the CTCSS tones. However, entering the Status edit mode allows the display of other function settings. See section 3.10 for further details on displaying and changing Status information. The BRIGHT switch controls the brightness of the display text. See section 3.7.2 for further details. Function Controls{tc "1.4.4 3.6 The controls located to the right of the display are Function controls. These controls access the radio functions most often used. Access to all other functions is via the status lines (see section 3.10 for further details on Status Editing). Function Controls"}

Main RX Volume Control RX/TX Status Indicator Scan/Guard TX Switch Guard Controls Section 3 Rev: 1.00 ENG-FORM: 806-0115.DOT CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY TO NORTHERN AIRBORNE TECHNOLOGY LTD. Issue 4 Page 3-3 NPX138N Series Panel Mount FM Transceiver SM41 Installation and Operation Manual Main RX (Receive) Volume Control 3.6.1 Set this rotary control to the furthest counterclockwise position (past the Off detent) to turn off the radio. Rotating it clockwise will turn on the radio. To increase the volume of the main receiver, turn this knob clockwise; to decrease the volume turn this knob counterclockwise. RX/TX Status Indicator 3.6.2 Next to the main RX volume control is a bi-color LED indicator that displays the RX (Receive) status of the main receiver and the TX (Transmit) status of the radio. When the radio is transmitting the LED will light green. When the main receiver receives a signal, the LED will light amber. If the radio is idle (not receiving or transmitting), the LED will be dark. The color-coding used for these functions corresponds to standard aircraft FM radio conventions. It is worth noting that this is the reverse of standard vehicular conventions so may confuse some emergency services staff familiar with land mobile equipment. The receive indicator (amber) informs the operator that the channel is active with radio traffic of some kind. A radio that is receiving may still not produce any audio if the tones present on the receive signal do not match the tones set in the radio. See section 3.11 for further details on how CTCSS tones work. Scan/Guard TX Switch 3.6.3 When this switch is in the SCAN position, the radio will begin scanning. See section 3.12 for further details on scanning. When this switch is in the GD TX position, all radio transmissions will be on the guard transmit frequency instead of the transmit frequency of the current channel. The radio continues to receive on both the Guard and Main receivers. This function only applies to radios with the guard receiver option installed. If not, the radio will display GD NOT INSTALLED on the upper line when the switch is set to the GD TX position. Set this switch to the NORM position to disable scanning. All radio transmissions will use the transmit frequency of the current channel. 3.6.4 Guard Controls Guard Select Switch The guard controls are functional only in radios with the optional guard receiver installed. Guard RX Volume Control Guard RX Indicator Section 3 Rev: 1.00 ENG-FORM: 806-0115.DOT CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY TO NORTHERN AIRBORNE TECHNOLOGY LTD. Issue 4 Page 3-4 NPX138N Series Panel Mount FM Transceiver SM41 Installation and Operation Manual The rotary knob independently sets the guard RX volume. In most models, there is no Off detent position. On most NPX138N models, even with the guard RX volume set completely counterclockwise, the operator will still hear activity on the guard channel (at the preset minimum level). The Guard Select switch (marked GD1/GD2 on the faceplate) selects the active guard channel. For standard guard receiver modules (-x5x), the first guard channel (GD1) has a receive frequency of 168.625 MHz and the second guard channel (GD2) has a receive frequency of 167.950 MHz, as specified by the USFS. Radios with custom guard receiver modules are available (-x6x). For radios with synthesized guard modules (-x7x), the receive frequencies for both the GD1 and GD2 channels are programmable via the front panel or serial load to any frequency in the range of 138.000 to 173.995 MHz in 5.0/6.25 kHz increments. The transmit frequencies of the guard channels are programmable. The Guard RX LED indicator lights amber when there is activity on the selected guard channel. 3.7 Controls Normal Operating Mode"}

General Controls Normal Operating Mode{tc "1.4.5 General Edit Switch Brightness Switch Squelch Pushbutton Channel Switch The General Controls are those labelled in the above diagram and affect the over-all operation of the radio. The position of the EDIT switch determines the operating mode of the radio. The other three controls (the two center-off momentary switches and the pushbutton) have dual functions, operating differently depending upon the selected operating mode. When the EDIT switch is in the center position (as shown), the radio is in Normal operating mode and the functions of the other switches are those of the upper label. Lock the EDIT switch to either the left (CH) or right (ST) position, to set the radio in one of the two EDIT modes. In both EDIT modes, the functions of the other switches are those of the lower label. Engraved panel lines tie related Edit functions together. See sections 3.9 and 3.10 for further details on editing. Channel Switch 3.7.1 To scroll to the desired channel use the CHAN switch. Momentarily press it to the right + to increment by one channel and to the left to decrement by one channel. Holding the switch in either the left or right position causes the radio to continue to change channels with increasing speed. This allows for quick selection of any channel. Note: Remote channel selection is possible with the installation of an external switch. Section 3 Rev: 1.00 ENG-FORM: 806-0115.DOT CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY TO NORTHERN AIRBORNE TECHNOLOGY LTD. Issue 4 Page 3-5 NPX138N Series Panel Mount FM Transceiver SM41 Installation and Operation Manual Brightness Switch 3.7.2 The BRIGHT switch controls the brightness of the radio display. Momentarily press it to the right + to increment the display brightness by one level and to the left to decrement by one level. There are seven brightness levels from which to select. The radio will retain the display brightness information when turned off, but on power up will limit brightness to a maximum of level five. Squelch Pushbutton 3.7.3 Pressing the SQ (squelch) test button over-rides all squelch logic, and lets the radios unsquelched audio receive signal pass to the aircrafts audio system. The squelch test function is useful for monitoring activity on the radio when tones prevent the squelch from opening, or to verify volume settings or radio function. Channel Display{tc "1.4.6 3.8 For each channel stored in the radio, there are three data lines; the ID line, the RX line, and the TX line. Depending on the position of the DISP switch, one of these data lines will be shown on the top row of the display. Regardless of which of the three is being displayed, the channel number will always show on the far left hand side and RX/TX functions will be operational. Channel Display"}

ID Display Line 3.8.1 The ID line includes the channel number, the channel label or name, the scan list flag, and the priority scan channel flag. A typical ID display line might look like this:

01 Channel Label FORESTRY sc p1 Scan Flags The label for each channel is an alphanumeric name that may be up to 10 characters long. The channel name has no effect on radio operation, and is provided for operator convenience in identifying the selected channel. The scan list flag indicates whether or not the radio monitors the channel during scanning. The sc character means that the channel is in the scan list. A dash indicates the channel is not in the scan list. The p1 character means that the channel is the priority scan channel. A dash indicates the channel is not selected as a priority channel. If the radio is a NPX138N, there will also be a bandwidth flag displayed on the ID line. A typical NPX138N ID line might look like this:

sc p1 01 FORESTRY Channel Label Bandwidth Scan Flags The bandwidth flag indicates the current modulation acceptance and transmit deviation mode. A character indicates that the channel is operating in wide-band ( 5.0 kHz Rated System Deviation) mode. character indicates that the channel is operating in narrow-band ( 2.5 kHz Rated System Deviation) An mode (refer to section 3.13). Section 3 Rev: 1.00 ENG-FORM: 806-0115.DOT Issue 4 CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY TO NORTHERN AIRBORNE TECHNOLOGY LTD. Page 3-6 NPX138N Series Panel Mount FM Transceiver SM41 Installation and Operation Manual RX Display Line 3.8.2 The RX line includes the channel number, the receive frequency and the receive tone. A typical RX line might look like this:

01 156.8750r 91 RX Tone Channel RX Freq. The radio will receive incoming FM signals that have a carrier frequency equal to that of the receive frequency of the displayed channel. If the display shows the RX frequency as i, it means the programmed frequency is invalid. See section 3.9 for details on how to change it to a valid value. The small r indicates that the data displayed is Receive data. If the radio is in Simplex mode, an s will replace the r. In Simplex or Direct operation, the radios TX data matches the RX data. This permits talk-around operation on repeaters. The programmed TX data remains in the radio, but is unused until the operator returns the radio to duplex mode. The last three positions (far right hand side) on the RX line display an optional CTCSS (sub-audible) tone used for repeater or squelch control. The radio has several different methods by which to display the tone. See section 3.11 for further details on tones. TX Display Line 3.8.3 The TX line includes the channel number, the transmit frequency and the transmit tone. A typical TX line might look like this:

91 01 156.8750t Channel TX Freq. TX Tone When the microphone is keyed, the radio will transmit an FM signal that has a carrier frequency equal to that of the transmit frequency of the displayed channel. If the display shows the TX frequency as i, it means the programmed frequency is invalid. See section 3.9 for details on how to change it to a valid value. The small t indicates that the data displayed is Transmit data. If the radio is in Simplex mode, an s will replace the t. In Simplex or Direct operation, the radios TX data matches the RX data. This permits talk-around operation on repeaters. The programmed TX data remains in the radio, but is unused until the operator returns the radio to duplex mode. The last three positions (far right hand side) on the TX line display an optional CTCSS (sub-audible) tone used for repeater or squelch control. The radio has several different methods by which to display the tone. See section 3.11 for further details on tones. Section 3 Rev: 1.00 ENG-FORM: 806-0115.DOT CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY TO NORTHERN AIRBORNE TECHNOLOGY LTD. Issue 4 Page 3-7 NPX138N Series Panel Mount FM Transceiver SM41 Installation and Operation Manual Channel Editing"}

Channel Editing{tc "1.4.7 3.9 Editing is the general term for changing any information stored in the NPX138N radio. There are two basic types of editing, all selectable from the front panel of the radio. These are Channel editing (CH) and Status editing (ST). The labels below the general controls (connected by lines) represent the functions of those switches during editing. As the name implies, the channel editing feature, when enabled, permits the operator to change channel data. This data includes channel names, transmit and receive frequencies and tones, and list scan flags. For models with synthesized guard modules (-x7x), the guard receive frequencies may be edited when the SCAN/NORM/GD TX switch is in the GD TX position, and the radio is in the 'Channel Edit' mode. For all other models, editing of guard receive frequencies is not possible. Only those frequencies the radio recognizes as valid are enterable, and only in the fractional multiples allowed. To edit channel information, use the DISP switch to select the required data line for editing (ID, RX or TX), and then enter Channel Edit mode. To enter Channel Edit mode, pull and lock the EDIT switch to the left (CH). The position or character to be edited will blink. This blinking character (editing cursor) indicates the data selected for editing. SELECT (Scroll Data) When channel editing of data is in progress, the radio suspends normal operation and the dual function controls work as described in the following sections. NEXT (move cursor) Channel Edit HELP SELECT Switch 3.9.1 The SELECT switch steps the data entry up or down (+or ). The radio only permits a valid choice for each position selected for editing. This is to aid operators in reducing entry mistakes, particularly when busy with other flight procedures. Section 3 Rev: 1.00 ENG-FORM: 806-0115.DOT CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY TO NORTHERN AIRBORNE TECHNOLOGY LTD. Issue 4 Page 3-8 NPX138N Series Panel Mount FM Transceiver SM41 Installation and Operation Manual FREQUENCY EDITING WHILE IN CHANNEL EDIT 8 7 9 6 0 SELECT SELECT 5 2 3 1 4 The selection choices string together as if in a circle, and the operator moves through this circle with the SELECT switch. Depending on which way the operator sets the SELECT switch (+ or ), the editor will move around the circle in either direction. When editing frequency, (TX or RX) the editor removes numbers from this circle that do not apply to the particular cursor position. For example, most NPX138N radios can only have a 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 in the 10s of MHz position, so the editor does not permit any other numbers during editing from the front panel. When editing a channel ID label, the editor adds the alphabetic characters and frequently used symbols to this circle that apply. For example, the blank (visible as a flashing underline _ to show the cursor location), the slash (/) and the number sign (#).

# .

(BLANK) SELECT ID CHANNEL EDIT SELECT SELECT SELECT NEXT Switch 3.9.2 The NEXT switch moves the editing cursor one position to the right if momentarily set to + and one position to the left if momentarily set to . The cursor will wrap around when it reaches either end of the line. The editor will change what choices are valid as the cursor moves from one character to the next. Sometimes, more than one character will flash. This is because the only valid choices involve multiple characters, such as the fractional kHz entry for a channel frequency. This is also true for tone code entries. The SELECT switch will slew through the available entries from an internal table. EDIT Switch 3.9.3 This locking, center-off switch selects the operating mode of the radio. For normal radio operation set the EDIT switch to the center or Off position. Edited data stores automatically when changed so when editing is complete, the operator need only set the EDIT switch back to Off. HELP Switch 3.9.4 General operation help can be accessed from the initial power-up screen (see section 3.4.1). If basic help is required when the NPX138N radio is already on, cycle the radio off and then back on again (using the volume control or the external breaker). The option for comprehensive help will reappear. Section 3 Rev: 1.00 ENG-FORM: 806-0115.DOT CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY TO NORTHERN AIRBORNE TECHNOLOGY LTD. Issue 4 Page 3-9 NPX138N Series Panel Mount FM Transceiver SM41 Installation and Operation Manual Status Editing"}

Status Editing{tc "1.4.8 3.10 There is simply not enough room on the compact front panel of the NPX138N radio to fit a switch for every radio function. The solution for this is the use of status lines to display and control features that do not require immediate accessibility via the front panel. As when editing channel data, the display shows only allowable options. This mode can also display the status of the radio quickly, without editing any data. The Status editing process is identical to the channel editing process only the select switch does not change any information. To edit status line data, pull and lock the EDIT switch to the right (ST). Select Setting Display Next Function Status Edit Help NEXT and SELECT Switch Use 3.10.1 Toggling SELECT will step to the previous/next available setting for the current function. To advance to the next function, toggle NEXT. Use the SELECT switch to again choose the desired setting, and continue in this manner until all the radio status lines contain desired information. When editing is finished, simply return the EDIT switch to Off (center position) to store the information. Exit at any time; it is not necessary to go through the entire status listing. Section 3 Rev: 1.00 ENG-FORM: 806-0115.DOT CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY TO NORTHERN AIRBORNE TECHNOLOGY LTD. Issue 4 Page 3-10 NPX138N Series Panel Mount FM Transceiver SM41 Installation and Operation Manual Status Edit Features 3.10.2 The STATUS EDIT features currently implemented in NPX138N are as follows:

TX MODE There are two modes possible: DUPLEX (repeater) operation, and SIMPLEX (direct) operation. Duplex means that the radio uses both the RX and TX frequencies programmed into the selected channel. Simplex means that the radio uses the RX frequency programmed into the selected channel for both RX and TX purposes. The programmed TX data remains in the radio, but is unused until the operator returns the radio to duplex mode. POWER The NPX138N radio can transmit at either a HI (10 watt) or LO (1 watt) power setting. Many radio station licenses have power restrictions at altitude, and must be set to low TX power above 5,000 feet for legal operation. This feature also helps prevent repeater interference at altitude and permit secure operations. TONES Radio tones are selectable to ON, OFF, or TX ONLY, thus enabling or disabling any tones set on a per channel basis through channel editing. TX ONLY enables only the transmit tone, but not the receive one. See section 3.9 for further details on tones. TONE DISP The radio permits the user to define the tone presentation to suit local operations. This selection can be for the tone frequency itself (truncated to whole Hz), referred to as FREQ, or it can be one of several codes. The sequential numbers for the EIA tones are 1-38. The alphanumeric Motorola codes are referred to as MCODES. The shifted octal codes used by Wulfsberg are referred to as WCODES. See section 3.9 for further details on tones. SCAN There are three scanning modes available for selection: LIST, PRIORITY, and LIST+PRI. See section 3.10 for further details on scanning. P1 This is the Priority channel used in Priority and List+Priority Scanning. It can be set to any valid channel number, or if not required, can be set to NONE. When the SCAN option is selected to LIST, the priority channels are not active but are retained in memory. See section 3.10 for further details on scanning. PWR-UP HELP The display of the HELP screen at power up can be selected on or off. PWR-UP CHAN This is the channel the radio will go to when powered up. The operator can select a specific channel or set this option to PDC (Power-Down Channel). PDC will cause the radio to power up on the last used channel. Section 3 Rev: 1.00 ENG-FORM: 806-0115.DOT CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY TO NORTHERN AIRBORNE TECHNOLOGY LTD. Issue 4 Page 3-11 NPX138N Series Panel Mount FM Transceiver SM41 Installation and Operation Manual 3.11 Tones{tc "1.4.9 Tones"}

General 3.11.1 The tone system used by the NPX138N radio is a Continuous Tone-Coded Squelch System (CTCSS), as defined by an Electronic Industries Association (EIA) standard. The radio adds these tones to the normal signal modulation (such as voice) to uniquely identify or select a particular radio or group of users. More commonly, these tones are referred to as sub-audible tones. This is because the filtering action of the radio eliminates them from the received audio. Therefore neither the sending nor receiving party will hear them. These tones are also sometimes referred to as Private Line (PL) tones. Tone Display and Selection 3.11.2 The NPX138N radio displays the tones for the selected channel on the last three positions (far right hand side) of the RX and TX lines. Use the Channel Edit mode to select and store the appropriate tones for each channel. The operator can set different tones for receive and transmit. Select if no tone is required. By editing the TONE DISP status line, the operator can configure the radio to display the tones using one of four different methods. The four tone display modes are:

Tone Frequency (FREQ):

This is the actual frequency of the tone, measured in Hertz (cycles/second). There are only three digits available on the radio to display this data, so the radio truncates any decimal fraction on the display (i.e. 103.5 Hz becomes 103). Although not displayed, the radio uses the exact frequency. EIA Codes (1-38):

This is a number from 1-38 that identifies the tone in sequential order from lowest (67.0 Hz) to highest

(250.3 Hz) Wulfsberg Codes (WCODES):

These are sequential shifted OCTAL codes based on the thumbwheel design of the Wulfsberg C-1000 control. Because they are missing numbers ending in 0 & 9, they can be confusing, especially to those familiar with the straight sequential number of the EIA codes. Motorola Codes (MCODES):

These are alphanumeric codes that often appear in the land mobile business, especially if Motorola equipment is used. Section 3 Rev: 1.00 ENG-FORM: 806-0115.DOT CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY TO NORTHERN AIRBORNE TECHNOLOGY LTD. Issue 4 Page 3-12 NPX138N Series Panel Mount FM Transceiver SM41 Installation and Operation Manual Table 1 below shows the four different display options for each of the available tones. Tone Frequency (Hz) 1-38 WCODE 67.0 71.9 74.4 77.0 79.7 82.5 85.4 88.5 91.5 94.8 97.4 100.0 103.5 107.2 110.9 114.8 118.8 123.0 127.3 131.8 136.5 141.3 146.2 151.4 156.7 162.2 167.9 173.8 179.9 186.2 192.8 203.5 210.7 218.1 225.7 233.6 241.8 250.3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 41 42 43 44 45 46 MCODE XZ XA WA XB SP YZ YA YB ZZ ZA ZB 1Z 1A 1B 2Z 2A 2B 3Z 3A 3B 4Z 4A 4B 5Z 5A 5B 6Z 6A 6B 7Z 7A M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 Section 3 Rev: 1.00 ENG-FORM: 806-0115.DOT Display Options - Table 1 Issue 4 Page 3-13 CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY TO NORTHERN AIRBORNE TECHNOLOGY LTD. NPX138N Series Panel Mount FM Transceiver SM41 Installation and Operation Manual Turning Tones On and Off 3.11.3 The NPX138N radio also has the capability to have tones enabled or disabled globally. By editing the TONES status line, the operator can set all the tones ON, OFF or to TX ONLY. TONES=ON enables all the tones programmed into the individual channels. (Remember that some channels may have no tones programmed.) Both the frequency and tone of incoming signals must be correct to hear the receive audio. If the incoming frequency is correct, but the incoming tone does not match the tone set in the radio, the radio will not produce any audio. The RX indicator lights whether the logic is correct for audio or not, to warn the operator that the channel is active with radio traffic of some kind. TONES=OFF disables all tones. The radio will still display the individual tones on the RX and TX channel display lines, but only for reference purposes. All incoming transmissions on the RX frequency will be heard. TONES=TX ONLY enables all transmit tones but disables all receive tones. This is used on U.S. Forest Service contracts, for example, where the tones are needed only to open the repeater and serve no RX squelch function. 3.12 Scanning{tc "1.4.10 Scanning"}

General 3.12.1 Scanning is an automatic internal function that rapidly samples a selected group of channels. It is very useful for checking radio traffic on one or more channels, while still working a home or monitor channel. When scanning is active, the radio ignores all CTCSS/Sub-audible Tones. It does not test for these conditions when determining whether or not to lock on to a channel (although tones do remain active for squelch control). This is because the delay to test for tones is so long (compared to the channel lock-up time), that it would seriously compromise scanning. It takes almost half a second to provide tone decoding, which would result in virtually useless scanning of 2 channels per second. The radio will stop on any flagged channel that has a correct RF signal present, but there may be no audible signal if the tones do not match those set in the radio. To avoid any confusion, set tones to OFF

(via the status edit mode) during scanning so that all channels will be audible. In order to be detected properly, a signal needs to be slightly stronger when the radio is scanning than when the radio is in Normal operating mode. Section 3 Rev: 1.00 ENG-FORM: 806-0115.DOT CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY TO NORTHERN AIRBORNE TECHNOLOGY LTD. Issue 4 Page 3-14 NPX138N Series Panel Mount FM Transceiver SM41 Installation and Operation Manual 3.12.2 Scan Operation Activate scanning by moving the SCAN/NORM/GD TX toggle switch to the SCAN position. The home channel is the channel that the radio was on before scanning was activated. The radio scans the home channel and all channels on the scan list at a maximum rate of 30 channels per second. When the radio is actively scanning, a SCANNING message will appear on the upper row of the display. When the radio has found and locked onto an active channel, the display will show the correct channel data corresponding to the display mode selected (ID, RX or TX). If the operator keys the transceiver while the radio is actively scanning, the radio will be re-channelled to the home channel for transmission. If the radio is locked onto a channel, transmission will occur on that channel. From the SCAN status line, the operator may select one of several pre-defined modes that control how the radio will carry out the scanning function. They are described in the following section. Scan Modes 3.12.3 Any NPX138N channel can be designated as a PRIORITY channel and/or a LIST channel. The appropriate scan flags will appear after the channel name on the ID line (p1 and/or sc). Any or all of the channels can be in the scan list for LIST SCANNING, but only one channel can have the Priority designation. Use the status edit mode to select both the priority channel and the SCAN MODE. Use the channel edit mode to tag channels for list scanning. The three scan modes are as follows:

LIST Scanning The second last space on each channel ID line indicates whether that channel is in the scan list or not. If it displays a dash , the channel is not in the list. If the channel is in the list it displays the scan flag

(sc). Use the channel edit mode to change the scan list status for each channel. Any number of channels may be placed in the scan list; but for effective scanning operation, the number should be kept to a minimum. Once scanning is activated (using the front panel SCAN switch), the radio will move through all the flagged channels in consecutive order until it detects a carrier. It will remain on that channel until traffic Section 3 Rev: 1.00 ENG-FORM: 806-0115.DOT CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY TO NORTHERN AIRBORNE TECHNOLOGY LTD. Issue 4 Page 3-15 NPX138N Series Panel Mount FM Transceiver SM41 Installation and Operation Manual stops, and then wait for a 2-3 second latency period to permit the operator to reply. If there is no further activity, the radio will continue through the list, and then start over. When scanning is turned off, the radio resumes normal operation on the home channel (the one set before scanning began). During List scanning, the operator can use the front panel CHAN switch to delete nuisance channels. If the radio locks onto a channel, and the operator does not want to monitor that channel, the CHAN switch may be moved to the left to temporarily delete that channel from the scan list. That channel will remain out of the scan list until the operator disables the scan mode (either by moving the scan switch back to NORM or by turning off the radio). PRIORITY Scanning The radio scans the home channel plus one priority channel. It will continue scanning the priority channel if it finds an active channel. To avoid accidental duplication, use the Status Edit mode to set the priority channel. p1 designates the priority channel; the lowest priority is the home channel. The p1 flag will appear on the last space of the ID line of the appropriate channel. If the radio receives a transmission on the home channel, it will continue to check p1. The check during priority scan is very fast, about every 1/3 second, and will sound like a faint tick when occurring during other reception. If there is activity on the designated p1 channel, the radio will re-channel to that frequency, regardless of activity on other channels. The radio will return to the home channel 2-3 seconds after activity on the priority channel has ceased. LIST+PRIORITY Scanning In this mode, both LIST and PRIORITY features are combined, so that the radio checks list while still periodically testing for activity on the priority channel. In this case, list channels have a lower priority than the home channel, and are scanned only when there is no activity on the other two. 3.13 Operation"}

Wideband/Narrowband Operation{tc "1.4.11 Wideband/Narrowband The NPX138N is capable of operating in either a wideband mode ( 5.0 kHz Rated System Deviation) or narrowband mode ( 2.5 kHz Rated System Deviation). Editing Wideband/Narrowband Flag 3.13.1 To edit the Wideband/Narrowband channel characteristic, place the DISP switch to the ID position and place the radio into channel edit mode. Use the NEXT switch to place the EDIT CURSOR in the correct display position, marked by the current flag setting (Note: the character should be flashing). To change this selection use the + or SELECT switch. The channel data will save automatically when exiting Edit mode. The ID line displays a when the radio is in Narrowband mode (refer to section 3.8.1). character when the radio is in Wideband mode. The ID line displays an Section 3 Rev: 1.00 ENG-FORM: 806-0115.DOT CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY TO NORTHERN AIRBORNE TECHNOLOGY LTD. Issue 4 Page 3-16 NPX138N Series Panel Mount FM Transceiver SM41 Installation and Operation Manual Configuration Mode"}

Configuration Mode{tc "1.4.12 3.14 This mode of operation is not required for normal operation and is intended to aid in servicing and radio set-up. Various firmware functions of the radio can be set via this mode. Entering this mode requires a special code and switch sequence, and should be USED ONLY AT THE FACTORY OR BY QUALIFIED SERVICE PERSONNEL. 3.14.1 Using Configuration Mode Incorrect use of this mode may render the radio inoperable. CAUTION:

Use this function with extreme care. If you have any questions, please call Northern Airborne Technology Ltd prior to use. With the power turned off, lock the EDIT switch into the CH position. To enter this mode, do the following, EXACTLY AS DESCRIBED:

a) b) c) d) Press the HELP button. The ...PASSWORD: message should appear. Turn on the radio. The Lock EDIT switch OFF for Norm OP message should appear. Although there is no cursor on the screen, use the SELECT and NEXT controls to enter the configuration mode password, which is IAC. Be sure to use the NEXT switch after entering the last character. The Config Mode... screen should appear. e) f) g) Depending on the style of radio and the options selected, the information on this and subsequent screens will vary. Note: Some of the features listed in the following table may not be displayed. Using the normal editing procedure (SELECT/NEXT), select a valid option for each feature presented. It is up to the operator to ensure that the selected options are compatible with each other, and with the hardware being used. If they are not, the radio may not operate correctly. Read the following table carefully and ensure that all configuration options are completely understood. Section 3 Rev: 1.00 ENG-FORM: 806-0115.DOT CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY TO NORTHERN AIRBORNE TECHNOLOGY LTD. Issue 4 Page 3-17 NPX138N Series Panel Mount FM Transceiver SM41 Installation and Operation Manual 3.14.2 Configuration Option Table FEATURE VALID OPTIONS COMMENTS STATUS DISPLAY ON POWER-UP EXT. DATA PAD LOWEST FREQ. ON, OFF ON, OFF 138, 150 CHANS. INST. 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 Determines whether or not the radio status lines are displayed on power-up. Determines whether or not the radio will accept data from an external data entry pad. Sets the lower limit (in MHz) for frequency editing. All NPX138N radios can be selected to either option. The number of channels available in the radio. Does NOT include guard channels. TX TIME OUT GD RX EDIT

(-x7x models only) 000, 030, 060, 090, ... 240 The time, in seconds, the Transmitter is allowed to be active for one continuous period. Intended to prevent stuck mic conditions from damaging the equipment. Determines whether or not the guard channels are editable from the front panel. ON, OFF Configuration Options - Table 2 Section 3 ends Section 3 Rev: 1.00 ENG-FORM: 806-0115.DOT CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY TO NORTHERN AIRBORNE TECHNOLOGY LTD. Issue 4 Page 3-18