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NBG4104 Wireless N-lite Managed Router Default Login Details IP Address User Name Password http://192.168.1.1 admin 1234 Firmware Version 1.0 Edition 1, 11/2011 www.zyxel.com www.zyxel.com Copyright 2011 ZyXEL Communications Corporation About This User's Guide About This User's Guide Intended Audience This manual is intended for people who want to configure the NBG4104 using the Web Configurator. Tips for Reading Users Guides On-Screen When reading a ZyXEL Users Guide On-Screen, keep the following in mind:
If you dont already have the latest version of Adobe Reader, you can download it from http://
www.adobe.com. Use the PDFs bookmarks to quickly navigate to the areas that interest you. Adobe Readers bookmarks pane opens by default in all ZyXEL Users Guide PDFs. If you know the page number or know vaguely which page-range you want to view, you can enter a number in the toolbar in Reader, then press [ENTER] to jump directly to that page. Type [CTRL]+[F] to open the Adobe Reader search utility and enter a word or phrase. This can help you quickly pinpoint the information you require. You can also enter text directly into the toolbar in Reader. To quickly move around within a page, press the [SPACE] bar. This turns your cursor into a hand with which you can grab the page and move it around freely on your screen. Embedded hyperlinks are actually cross-references to related text. Click them to jump to the corresponding section of the Users Guide PDF. Related Documentation Quick Start Guide The Quick Start Guide is designed to help you get your NBG4104 up and running right away. It contains information on setting up your network and configuring for Internet access. Support Disc Refer to the included CD for support documents. NBG4104 Users Guide 3 Document Conventions Document Conventions Warnings and Notes These are how warnings and notes are shown in this Users Guide. Warnings tell you about things that could harm you or your device. Note: Notes tell you other important information (for example, other things you may need to configure or helpful tips) or recommendations. Syntax Conventions The NBG4104 may be referred to as the NBG4104, the device, the product or the system in this Users Guide. Product labels, screen names, field labels and field choices are all in bold font. A key stroke is denoted by square brackets and uppercase text, for example, [ENTER] means the enter or return key on your keyboard. Enter means for you to type one or more characters and then press the [ENTER] key. Select or choose means for you to use one of the predefined choices. A right angle bracket ( > ) within a screen name denotes a mouse click. For example, Maintenance > Log > Log Setting means you first click Maintenance in the navigation panel, then the Log sub menu and finally the Log Setting tab to get to that screen. Units of measurement may denote the metric value or the scientific value. For example, k for kilo may denote 1000 or 1024, M for mega may denote 1000000 or 1048576 and so on. e.g., is a shorthand for for instance, and i.e., means that is or in other words. 4 NBG4104 Users Guide Document Conventions Icons Used in Figures Figures in this Users Guide may use the following generic icons. The NBG4104 icon is not an exact representation of your device. NBG4104 Computer Notebook computer Server DSLAM Firewall Telephone Switch Router Modem NBG4104 Users Guide 5 Safety Warnings Safety Warnings Do NOT use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming pool. Do NOT expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids. Do NOT store things on the device. Do NOT install, use, or service this device during a thunderstorm. There is a remote risk of electric shock from lightning. Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device. Do NOT open the device or unit. Opening or removing covers can expose you to dangerous high voltage points or other risks. ONLY qualified service personnel should service or disassemble this device. Please contact your vendor for further information. Make sure to connect the cables to the correct ports. Place connecting cables carefully so that no one will step on them or stumble over them. Always disconnect all cables from this device before servicing or disassembling. Use ONLY an appropriate power adaptor or cord for your device. Connect the power adaptor or cord to the right supply voltage (for example, 110V AC in North America or 230V AC in Europe). Do NOT allow anything to rest on the power adaptor or cord and do NOT place the product where anyone can walk on the power adaptor or cord. Do NOT use the device if the power adaptor or cord is damaged as it might cause electrocution. If the power adaptor or cord is damaged, remove it from the power outlet. Do NOT attempt to repair the power adaptor or cord. Contact your local vendor to order a new one. Do not use the device outside, and make sure all the connections are indoors. There is a remote risk of electric shock from lightning. Do NOT obstruct the device ventilation slots, as insufficient airflow may harm your device. Antenna Warning! This device meets ETSI and FCC certification requirements when using the included antenna(s). Only use the included antenna(s). If you wall mount your device, make sure that no electrical lines, gas or water pipes will be damaged. Your product is marked with this symbol, which is known as the WEEE mark. WEEE stands for Waste Electronics and Electrical Equipment. It means that used electrical and electronic products should not be mixed with general waste. Used electrical and electronic equipment should be treated separately. 6 NBG4104 Users Guide Contents Overview Contents Overview Users Guide ........................................................................................................................... 15 Introduction ................................................................................................................................17 The WPS Button ........................................................................................................................20 Introducing the Web Configurator ..............................................................................................21 Monitor .......................................................................................................................................25 NBG4104 Modes ........................................................................................................................31 Router Mode ..............................................................................................................................32 Access Point Mode ....................................................................................................................38 Tutorials .....................................................................................................................................45 Technical Reference .............................................................................................................. 53 Wireless LAN .............................................................................................................................55 WAN ...........................................................................................................................................69 LAN ............................................................................................................................................81 DHCP Server .............................................................................................................................85 NAT ............................................................................................................................................89 DDNS .........................................................................................................................................95 Static Route ................................................................................................................................97 VLAN Operation .......................................................................................................................101 Interface Group ........................................................................................................................107 Firewall ..................................................................................................................................... 111 Content Filtering ....................................................................................................................... 117 Remote Management ...............................................................................................................121 Bandwidth Management ..........................................................................................................130 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) ..............................................................................................136 Maintenance .............................................................................................................................143 Troubleshooting .......................................................................................................................151 NBG4104 Users Guide 7 Contents Overview 8 NBG4104 Users Guide Table of Contents Table of Contents About This User's Guide.......................................................................................................... 3 Document Conventions ...........................................................................................................4 Safety Warnings........................................................................................................................ 6 Contents Overview .................................................................................................................. 7 Table of Contents ..................................................................................................................... 9 Part I: Users Guide ................................................................................15 Chapter 1 Introduction............................................................................................................................. 17 1.1 Overview ..............................................................................................................................17 1.2 Applications ..........................................................................................................................17 1.3 Ways to Manage the NBG4104 ...........................................................................................17 1.4 Good Habits for Managing the NBG4104 ............................................................................17 1.5 LEDs ....................................................................................................................................18 Chapter 2 The WPS Button...................................................................................................................... 20 2.1 Overview ..............................................................................................................................20 Chapter 3 Introducing the Web Configurator ........................................................................................ 21 3.1 Overview ..............................................................................................................................21 3.2 Accessing the Web Configurator ..........................................................................................21 3.2.1 Login Screen ..............................................................................................................22 3.2.2 Password Screen .......................................................................................................22 3.3 Resetting the NBG4104 .......................................................................................................23 3.3.1 How to Use the RESET Button ...................................................................................23 Chapter 4 Monitor..................................................................................................................................... 25 4.1 Overview ..............................................................................................................................25 4.2 What You Can Do ................................................................................................................25 4.3 The Log Screen ....................................................................................................................25 4.3.1 View Log .....................................................................................................................26 NBG4104 Users Guide 9 Table of Contents 4.3.2 Log Settings ................................................................................................................26 4.4 DHCP Table .........................................................................................................................26 4.5 Packet Statistics ...................................................................................................................28 4.6 WLAN Station Status ............................................................................................................28 Chapter 5 NBG4104 Modes ..................................................................................................................... 31 5.1 Overview ..............................................................................................................................31 5.1.1 Device Modes .............................................................................................................31 Chapter 6 Router Mode............................................................................................................................ 32 6.1 Overview ..............................................................................................................................32 6.2 Router Mode Status Screen .................................................................................................33 6.2.1 Navigation Panel ........................................................................................................35 Chapter 7 Access Point Mode................................................................................................................. 38 7.1 Overview ..............................................................................................................................38 7.2 What You Can Do ................................................................................................................38 7.3 What You Need to Know ......................................................................................................38 7.3.1 Setting your NBG4104 to AP Mode ............................................................................39 7.3.2 Accessing the Web Configurator in Access Point Mode .............................................39 7.3.3 Configuring your WLAN and Maintenance Settings ...................................................39 7.4 AP Mode Status Screen .......................................................................................................40 7.5 LAN Screen ..........................................................................................................................43 Chapter 8 Tutorials................................................................................................................................... 45 8.1 Overview ..............................................................................................................................45 8.2 Set Up a Wireless Network with WPS ..................................................................................45 8.2.1 Push Button Configuration (PBC) ...............................................................................45 8.2.2 PIN Configuration .......................................................................................................46 8.3 Configure Wireless Security without WPS ...........................................................................47 8.3.1 Configure Your Notebook ...........................................................................................49 8.4 Using Multiple SSIDs on the NBG4104 ................................................................................50 8.4.1 Configuring Security Settings of Multiple SSIDs .........................................................51 Part II: Technical Reference...................................................................53 Chapter 9 Wireless LAN........................................................................................................................... 55 10 NBG4104 Users Guide Table of Contents 9.1 Overview ..............................................................................................................................55 9.2 What You Can Do ................................................................................................................55 9.3 What You Should Know .......................................................................................................56 9.4 General Wireless LAN Screen ............................................................................................58 9.5 Wireless Security .................................................................................................................60 9.5.1 No Security .................................................................................................................60 9.5.2 WEP Encryption .........................................................................................................60 9.5.3 WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK ................................................................................................62 9.6 MAC Filter ............................................................................................................................62 9.7 Wireless LAN Advanced Screen ..........................................................................................63 9.8 Quality of Service (QoS) Screen ..........................................................................................65 9.9 WPS Screen .........................................................................................................................65 9.10 WPS Station Screen ...........................................................................................................66 9.11 Scheduling Screen .............................................................................................................67 Chapter 10 WAN ......................................................................................................................................... 69 10.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................69 10.2 What You Can Do ..............................................................................................................69 10.3 What You Need To Know ...................................................................................................69 10.3.1 Configuring Your Internet Connection .......................................................................70 10.3.2 Multicast ...................................................................................................................71 10.4 Management WAN .............................................................................................................72 10.4.1 Add/Edit Internet Connection ....................................................................................73 10.4.2 Ethernet Encapsulation ............................................................................................73 10.4.3 PPPoE Encapsulation ..............................................................................................75 10.4.4 Bridge Encapsulation ................................................................................................78 10.5 Advanced WAN Screen .....................................................................................................79 Chapter 11 LAN .......................................................................................................................................... 81 11.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................81 11.2 What You Can Do ...............................................................................................................81 11.3 What You Need To Know ....................................................................................................82 11.3.1 IP Pool Setup ............................................................................................................82 11.3.2 LAN TCP/IP ..............................................................................................................82 11.3.3 IP Alias ......................................................................................................................82 11.4 LAN IP Screen ....................................................................................................................83 11.5 IP Alias Screen ...................................................................................................................83 Chapter 12 DHCP Server ........................................................................................................................... 85 12.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................85 NBG4104 Users Guide 11 Table of Contents 12.2 What You Can Do ..............................................................................................................85 12.3 What You Need To Know ...................................................................................................85 12.4 The DHCP General Screen ................................................................................................86 12.5 The DHCP Advanced Screen ...........................................................................................87 Chapter 13 NAT........................................................................................................................................... 89 13.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................89 13.2 What You Can Do ..............................................................................................................90 13.3 What You Need To Know ...................................................................................................90 13.4 The NAT General Screen ...................................................................................................92 13.5 The NAT Application Screen .............................................................................................92 Chapter 14 DDNS........................................................................................................................................ 95 14.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................95 14.2 What You Need To Know ...................................................................................................95 14.3 The DDNS General Screen ...............................................................................................96 Chapter 15 Static Route............................................................................................................................. 97 15.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................97 15.2 IP Static Route Screen ......................................................................................................98 Chapter 16 VLAN Operation .................................................................................................................... 101 16.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................101 16.2 What You Can Do ............................................................................................................101 16.3 LAN To WAN Screen ........................................................................................................101 16.3.1 Add/Edit VLAN Rule ...............................................................................................103 16.4 WAN To LAN Screen ........................................................................................................105 Chapter 17 Interface Group ..................................................................................................................... 107 17.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................107 17.2 The Interface Group Screen .............................................................................................107 17.2.1 Interface Group Configuration ................................................................................108 Chapter 18 Firewall .................................................................................................................................. 111 18.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................ 111 18.2 What You Can Do ............................................................................................................ 111 18.3 What You Need To Know ................................................................................................. 112 12 NBG4104 Users Guide Table of Contents 18.4 The Firewall General Screen ......................................................................................... 113 18.5 The Access Control Rule Screen ..................................................................................... 114 18.5.1 Access Control Rule Edit ....................................................................................... 115 18.6 The Services Screen ........................................................................................................ 116 Chapter 19 Content Filtering ................................................................................................................... 117 19.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 117 19.2 What You Need To Know ................................................................................................. 117 19.3 Content Filter .................................................................................................................... 118 19.4 Technical Reference ......................................................................................................... 119 19.4.1 Customizing Keyword Blocking URL Checking ...................................................... 119 Chapter 20 Remote Management............................................................................................................ 121 20.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................121 20.2 What You Need to Know ..................................................................................................121 20.2.1 Remote Management and NAT ..............................................................................121 20.3 What You Can Do ............................................................................................................121 20.4 The WWW Screen .........................................................................................................122 20.5 The Telnet Screen ............................................................................................................123 20.6 The FTP Screen ...............................................................................................................124 20.7 The SNMP Screen ...........................................................................................................124 20.8 The TR069 Screen ...........................................................................................................127 20.9 The Import CA Screen .....................................................................................................128 Chapter 21 Bandwidth Management....................................................................................................... 130 21.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................130 21.2 What You Can Do ............................................................................................................130 21.3 What You Need To Know .................................................................................................130 21.4 The Bandwidth MGMT General Screen ...........................................................................131 21.5 The Bandwidth MGMT Advanced Screen ........................................................................132 21.5.1 User Defined Service Rule Configuration ..............................................................134 21.5.2 Services and Port Numbers ....................................................................................135 Chapter 22 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP).......................................................................................... 136 22.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................136 22.2 What You Need to Know ..................................................................................................136 22.2.1 NAT Traversal .........................................................................................................136 22.2.2 Cautions with UPnP ................................................................................................136 22.3 UPnP Screen ...................................................................................................................137 NBG4104 Users Guide 13 Table of Contents 22.4 Technical Reference .........................................................................................................137 22.4.1 Using UPnP in Windows XP Example ....................................................................137 22.4.2 Web Configurator Easy Access ..............................................................................140 Chapter 23 Maintenance .......................................................................................................................... 143 23.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................143 23.2 What You Can Do ............................................................................................................143 23.3 General Screen ...............................................................................................................143 23.4 Password Screen .............................................................................................................144 23.5 Time Setting Screen .........................................................................................................145 23.6 Firmware Upgrade Screen ...............................................................................................146 23.7 Configuration Backup/Restore Screen .............................................................................147 23.8 Restart Screen .................................................................................................................148 23.9 System Operation Mode ..................................................................................................149 23.10 Sys OP Mode Screen .....................................................................................................150 Chapter 24 Troubleshooting.................................................................................................................... 151 24.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................151 24.2 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs .......................................................................151 24.3 NBG4104 Access and Login ............................................................................................152 24.4 Internet Access ................................................................................................................154 24.5 Resetting the NBG4104 to Its Factory Defaults ...............................................................155 24.6 Wireless Router/AP Troubleshooting ...............................................................................155 Appendix A Product Specifications ...................................................................................... 159 24.7 Wall-mounting Instructions ...............................................................................................161 Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java Permissions ....................................... 163 Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting........................................................................... 175 Appendix D Setting Up Your Computers IP Address .......................................................... 185 Appendix E Wireless LANs.................................................................................................. 213 Appendix F Common Services ............................................................................................ 227 Appendix G Legal Information ............................................................................................. 231 Index ...................................................................................................................................... 241 14 NBG4104 Users Guide PART I Users Guide 15 16 CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1.1 Overview This chapter introduces the main features and applications of the NBG4104. The NBG4104 extends the range of your existing wired network without additional wiring, providing easy network access to mobile users. You can set up a wireless network with other IEEE 802.11b/g/
n compatible devices. A range of services such as a firewall and content filtering are also available for secure Internet computing. 1.2 Applications Your can create the following networks using the NBG4104:
Wired. You can connect network devices via the Ethernet ports of the NBG4104 so that they can communicate with each other and access the Internet. Wireless. Wireless clients can connect to the NBG4104 to access network resources. WAN. Connect to a broadband modem/router for Internet access. WPS. Create an instant network connection with another WPS-compatible device, sharing your network connection with it. 1.3 Ways to Manage the NBG4104 Use any of the following methods to manage the NBG4104. WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup). You can use the WPS button or the WPS section of the Web Configurator to set up a wireless network with your ZyXEL Device. Web Configurator. This is recommended for everyday management of the NBG4104 using a
(supported) web browser. 1.4 Good Habits for Managing the NBG4104 Do the following things regularly to make the NBG4104 more secure and to manage the NBG4104 more effectively. NBG4104 Users Guide 17 Chapter 1 Introduction Change the password. Use a password thats not easy to guess and that consists of different types of characters, such as numbers and letters. Write down the password and put it in a safe place. Back up the configuration (and make sure you know how to restore it). Restoring an earlier working configuration may be useful if the device becomes unstable or even crashes. If you forget your password, you will have to reset the NBG4104 to its factory default settings. If you backed up an earlier configuration file, you would not have to totally re-configure the NBG4104. You could simply restore your last configuration. 1.5 LEDs Figure 1 Front Panel WPS WLAN Power WAN LAN 1-4 The following table describes the LEDs and the WPS button. Table 1 Front panel LEDs and WPS button LED Power STATUS On COLOR Green DESCRIPTION The NBG4104 is receiving power and functioning properly. Blinking The NBG4104 is booting up. Off The NBG4104 is not receiving power. WPS Green On The WPS status is configured. Blinking The NBG4104 is negotiating a WPS connection with a wireless client. Off The WPS function is disabled on the NBG4104. WAN Green On The NBG4104s WAN connection is ready. Blinking The NBG4104 is sending/receiving data through the WAN with a 10/100Mbps transmission rate. Off The WAN connection is not ready, or has failed. WLAN Green On The NBG4104 is ready, but is not sending/receiving data through the wireless LAN. Blinking The NBG4104 is sending/receiving data through the wireless LAN. Off The wireless LAN is not ready or has failed. 18 NBG4104 Users Guide Chapter 1 Introduction Table 1 Front panel LEDs and WPS button (continued) DESCRIPTION LED The NBG4104s LAN connection is ready. LAN 1-4 STATUS On COLOR Green Blinking The NBG4104 is sending/receiving data through the LAN with a 10/100Mbps transmission rate. Off The LAN connection is not ready, or has failed. NBG4104 Users Guide 19 CHAPTER 2 The WPS Button 2.1 Overview Your NBG4104 supports WiFi Protected Setup (WPS), which is an easy way to set up a secure wireless network. WPS is an industry standard specification, defined by the WiFi Alliance. WPS allows you to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without having to configure security settings manually. Each WPS connection works between two devices. Both devices must support WPS (check each devices documentation to make sure). Depending on the devices you have, you can either press a button (on the device itself, or in its configuration utility) or enter a PIN (a unique Personal Identification Number that allows one device to authenticate the other) in each of the two devices. When WPS is activated on a device, it has two minutes to find another device that also has WPS activated. Then, the two devices connect and set up a secure network by themselves. For more information on using WPS, see Section 8.2 on page 45. NBG4104 Users Guide 20 CHAPTER 3 Introducing the Web Configurator 3.1 Overview This chapter describes how to access the NBG4104 Web Configurator and provides an overview of its screens. The Web Configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy setup and management of the NBG4104 via Internet browser. Use Internet Explorer 6.0 and later versions, Mozilla Firefox 3 and later versions, or Safari 2.0 and later versions. The recommended screen resolution is 1024 by 768 pixels. In order to use the Web Configurator you need to allow:
Web browser pop-up windows from your device. Web pop-up blocking is enabled by default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2. JavaScript (enabled by default). Java permissions (enabled by default). Refer to the Troubleshooting chapter (Chapter 24 on page 151) to see how to make sure these functions are allowed in Internet Explorer. 3.2 Accessing the Web Configurator 1 Make sure your NBG4104 hardware is properly connected and prepare your computer or computer network to connect to the NBG4104 (refer to the Quick Start Guide). 2 3 Launch your web browser. Type "http://192.168.1.1" as the website address. Your computer must be in the same subnet in order to access this website address. NBG4104 Users Guide 21 Chapter 3 Introducing the Web Configurator 3.2.1 Login Screen The Web Configurator initially displays the following login screen. Figure 2 Login screen The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 2 Login screen LABEL User Name DESCRIPTION Type admin (default) as the user name. Password Login Type 1234 (default) as the password. Click Login to enter the NBG4104s web configurator. 3.2.2 Password Screen You should see a screen asking you to change your password (highly recommended) as shown next. Figure 3 Change Password Screen 22 NBG4104 Users Guide Chapter 3 Introducing the Web Configurator The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 3 Change Password Screen LABEL DESCRIPTION Type a new password. New Password Retype the password for confirmation. Retype to Confirm Apply Ignore Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG4104. Click Ignore if you do not want to change the password this time. Note: The management session automatically times out when the time period set in the Administrator Inactivity Timer field expires (default five minutes; go to Chapter 23 on page 143 to change this). Simply log back into the NBG4104 if this happens. 3.3 Resetting the NBG4104 If you forget your password or IP address, or you cannot access the Web Configurator, you will need to use the RESET button at the back of the NBG4104 to reload the factory-default configuration file. This means that you will lose all configurations that you had previously saved, the password will be reset to 1234 and the IP address will be reset to 192.168.1.1. 3.3.1 How to Use the RESET Button 1 Make sure the power LED is on. 2 3 Press the RESET button for longer than 1 second to restart/reboot the NBG4104. Press the RESET button for longer than 5 seconds to set the NBG4104 back to its factory-default configurations. NBG4104 Users Guide 23 Chapter 3 Introducing the Web Configurator 24 NBG4104 Users Guide CHAPTER 4 Monitor 4.1 Overview This chapter discusses read-only information related to the device state of the NBG4104. To access the Monitor screens, click
. Click open all to show the complete menu. You can also click the links in the Summary table of the Status screen to view the bandwidth consumed, packets sent/received as well as the status of clients connected to the NBG4104. 4.2 What You Can Do Use the Log screen to see the logs for the activity on the NBG4104 (Section 4.3 on page 25). Use the DHCP Table screen to view information related to your DHCP status (Section 4.4 on page 26). use the Statistics screen to view port statistics and the "system up time" (Section 4.5 on page 28). Use the WLAN Station Status screen to view the wireless stations that are currently associated to the NBG4104 (Section 4.6 on page 28). 4.3 The Log Screen The Web Configurator allows you to look at all of the NBG4104s logs in one location. NBG4104 Users Guide 25 Chapter 4 Monitor 4.3.1 View Log Click Monitor > Log to open the View Log screen. You can see the logged messages for the NBG4104. The log wraps around and deletes the old entries after it fills. Click Clear Logs to delete all the logs. Click Refresh to renew the log screen. Figure 4 View Log 4.3.2 Log Settings Click Monitor > Log to open the Log Settings screen. You can configure syslog settings. Figure 5 Log Settings The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 4 Monitor > Log > Log Settings LABEL Active DESCRIPTION Select this to enable syslog logging. Syslog Server IP Address Enter the server name or IP address of the syslog server that logs the selected categories of logs. Apply Reset Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG4104. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. 4.4 DHCP Table DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual clients to obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can configure the NBG4104s LAN as a DHCP server or disable it. When configured as a server, the NBG4104 provides the TCP/IP 26 NBG4104 Users Guide Chapter 4 Monitor configuration for the clients. If DHCP service is disabled, you must have another DHCP server on that network, or else the computer must be manually configured. Click the DHCP Table (Details...) hyperlink in the Status screen or Monitor > DHCP Table. Read-only information here relates to your DHCP status. The DHCP table shows current DHCP client information (including Host Name, IP Address, and Mac Address) of all network clients using the NBG4104s DHCP server. Figure 6 Summary: DHCP Table The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 5 Summary: DHCP Table LABEL
DESCRIPTION This is the index number of the host computer. IP Address Host Name MAC Address This field displays the IP address relative to the # field listed above. This field displays the computer host name. This field shows the MAC address of the computer with the name in the Host Name field. Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address which uniquely identifies a device. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. Refresh Click Refresh to renew the screen. NBG4104 Users Guide 27 Chapter 4 Monitor 4.5 Packet Statistics Click the Packet Statistics (Details...) hyperlink in the Status screen or Monitor > Statistics. Read-only information here includes port statistics and the "system up time". The Poll Interval(s) field is configurable and is used for refreshing the screen. Figure 7 Summary: Packet Statistics The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 6 Summary: Packet Statistics LABEL Port DESCRIPTION This is the NBG4104s port type. TxPkts RxPkts TxBytes RxBytes Up Time This is the number of transmitted packets on this port. This is the number of received packets on this port. This displays the transmission speed in bytes per second on this port. This displays the reception speed in bytes per second on this port. This is the total time the NBG4104 has been for each session. System Up Time This is the total time the NBG4104 has been on. Poll Interval(s) Enter the time interval in seconds for refreshing statistics in this field. Set Interval Stop Refresh Click this button to apply the new poll interval you entered in the Poll Interval(s) field. Click Stop to stop refreshing statistics. Click Refresh to renew the screen. 4.6 WLAN Station Status Click the WLAN Station Status (Details...) hyperlink in the Status screen or Monitor > WLAN Station Status. View the wireless stations that are currently associated to the NBG4104 in the Association List. Association means that a wireless client (for example, your network or computer 28 NBG4104 Users Guide with a wireless network card) has connected successfully to the AP (or wireless router) using the same SSID, channel and security settings. Figure 8 Summary: Wireless Association List Chapter 4 Monitor The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 7 Summary: Wireless Association List LABEL
DESCRIPTION This is the index number of an associated wireless station. MAC Address This field displays the MAC address of an associated wireless station. Association Time This field displays the time a wireless station first associated with the NBG4104s WLAN network. Refresh Click Refresh to reload the list. NBG4104 Users Guide 29 Chapter 4 Monitor 30 NBG4104 Users Guide CHAPTER 5 NBG4104 Modes 5.1 Overview This chapter introduces the operating mode of your NBG4104, or simply how the NBG4104 is being used in the network. 5.1.1 Device Modes These are the operating mode of the NBG4104:
Router: This is the default device mode of the NBG4104. Use this mode to connect the local network to another network, like the Internet. Go to Section 6.2 on page 33 to view the Status screen in this mode. Access Point: Use this mode if you want to extend your network by allowing network devices to connect to the NBG4104 wirelessly. Go to Section 7.4 on page 40 to view the Status screen in this mode. For more information on these modes and to change the mode of your NBG4104, refer to Chapter 23 on page 150. Note: Choose your Device Mode carefully to avoid having to change it later. When changing to another mode, the IP address of the NBG4104 changes. The running applications and services of the network devices connected to the NBG4104 can be interrupted. NBG4104 Users Guide 31 CHAPTER 6 Router Mode 6.1 Overview The NBG4104 is set to router mode by default. Routers are used to connect the local network to another network (for example, the Internet). In the figure below, the NBG4104 connects the local network (LAN1 ~ LAN4) to the Internet. Figure 9 NBG4104 Network Modem NBG4104 Users Guide 32 6.2 Router Mode Status Screen Click to open the status screen. Figure 10 Status Screen: Router Mode Chapter 6 Router Mode The following table describes the icons shown in the Status screen. Table 8 Status Screen Icon Key: Router Mode ICON Logout DESCRIPTION Click this at any time to exit the Web Configurator. Click this icon to view copyright and a link for related product information. Select a number of seconds or None from the drop-down list box to refresh all screen statistics automatically at the end of every time interval or to not refresh the screen statistics. Click this button to refresh the status screen statistics. Click this icon to see the Status page. The information in this screen depends on the device mode you select. Click this icon to see the Monitor navigation menu. Click this icon to see the Configuration navigation menu. Click this icon to see the Maintenance navigation menu. NBG4104 Users Guide 33 Chapter 6 Router Mode The following table describes the labels shown in the Status screen. Table 9 Status Screen: Router Mode LABEL Device Information DESCRIPTION Host Name This is the devices host name. Firmware Version This is the firmware version. WAN Information
- MAC Address
- IP Address This shows the WAN Ethernet adapter MAC Address of your device. This shows the WAN ports IP address.
- IP Subnet Mask This shows the WAN ports subnet mask.
- Mode LAN Information
- MAC Address
- IP Address This shows the device mode to which the NBG4104 is set. This shows the LAN Ethernet adapter MAC Address of your device. This shows the LAN ports IP address.
- IP Subnet Mask This shows the LAN ports subnet mask.
- DHCP This shows the LAN ports DHCP role - Server or Disable. WLAN Information
- MAC Address This shows the wireless adapter MAC Address of your device.
- Radio This shows the current status of the Wireless LAN - ON or OFF.
- Name (SSID) This shows a descriptive name used to identify the NBG4104 in the wireless LAN.
- Channel This shows the channel number which you select manually.
- Operating Channel This shows the channel number which the NBG4104 is currently using over the wireless LAN.
- Security Mode
- 802.11 Mode
- WPS System Status Item Data This shows the level of wireless security the NBG4104 is using. This shows the wireless standard. This displays Configured when the WPS has been set up. This displays Unconfigured if the WPS has not been set up. Click the status to display Network > Wireless LAN > WPS screen. This column shows the type of data the NBG4104 is recording. This column shows the actual data recorded by the NBG4104. System Up Time This is the total time the NBG4104 has been on. Current Date/Time This field displays your NBG4104s present date and time. System Resource
- CPU Usage
- Memory Usage System Setting
- UPnP Interface Status Interface 34 This displays what percentage of the NBG4104s processing ability is currently used. When this percentage is close to 100%, the NBG4104 is running at full load, and the throughput is not going to improve anymore. If you want some applications to have more throughput, you should turn off other applications (for example, using bandwidth management.) This shows what percentage of the heap memory the NBG4104 is using. This shows whether UPnP is enabled or not. This displays the NBG4104 port types. The port types are: WAN, LAN and WLAN. NBG4104 Users Guide Chapter 6 Router Mode Table 9 Status Screen: Router Mode (continued) LABEL Status Rate Summary DHCP Table Packet Statistics WLAN Station Status DESCRIPTION For the LAN and WAN ports, this field displays Down (line is down) or Up (line is up or connected). For the WLAN, it displays Up when the WLAN is enabled or Down when the WLAN is disabled. For the LAN ports, this displays the port speed and duplex setting or N/A when the line is disconnected. For the WAN port, it displays the port speed and duplex setting if youre using Ethernet encapsulation. This field displays N/A when the line is disconnected. For the WLAN, it displays the maximum transmission rate when the WLAN is enabled and N/
A when the WLAN is disabled. Click Details... to go to the Monitor > DHCP Table screen (Section 4.4 on page 26). Use this screen to view current DHCP client information. Click Details... to go to the Monitor > Packet Statistics screen (Section 4.5 on page 28). Use this screen to view port status and packet specific statistics. Click Details... to go to the Monitor > WLAN Station Status screen (Section 4.6 on page 28). Use this screen to view the wireless stations that are currently associated to the NBG4104. 6.2.1 Navigation Panel Use the sub-menus on the navigation panel to configure NBG4104 features. Figure 11 Navigation Panel: Router Mode NBG4104 Users Guide 35 Chapter 6 Router Mode The following table describes the sub-menus. Table 10 Navigation Panel: Router Mode LINK Status TAB FUNCTION This screen shows the NBG4104s general device, system and interface status information. Use this screen to access the summary statistics tables. MONITOR Log DHCP Table Statistics WLAN Station Status CONFIGURATION Networking Use this screen to view the list of activities recorded by your NBG4104. Use this screen to view current DHCP client information. Use this screen to view port status and packet specific statistics. Use this screen to view the wireless stations that are currently associated to the NBG4104. Wireless LAN General Use this screen to configure wireless LAN and the level of wireless security for the NBG4104. MAC Filter Use the MAC filter screen to configure the NBG4104 to block access to devices or block the devices from accessing the NBG4104. Advanced This screen allows you to configure advanced wireless settings. QoS Use this screen to enable Wi-Fi Multimedia Quality of Service (WMM QoS). WMM QoS allows you to prioritize wireless traffic according to the delivery requirements of individual services. WPS Use this screen to configure WPS. WPS Station Use this screen to add a wireless station using WPS. Scheduling Use this screen to schedule the times the Wireless LAN is enabled. WAN Management WAN This screen allows you to configure ISP parameters, WAN IP address assignment, DNS servers, the WAN MAC address, and VLAN settings. Advanced Use this screen to configure multicast and auto-subnet. LAN IP Use this screen to configure LAN IP address and subnet mask. IP Alias Use this screen to have the NBG4104 apply IP alias to create LAN subnets. DHCP Server General Use this screen to enable the NBG4104s DHCP server. Advanced Use this screen to assign IP addresses to specific individual computers based on their MAC addresses and to have DNS servers assigned by the DHCP server. NAT General Use this screen to enable NAT. DDNS Static Route VLAN Operation Application Use this screen to configure servers behind the NBG4104. General IP Static Route Use this screen to set up dynamic DNS. Use this screen to configure IP static routes. LAN to WAN Use this screen to configure QoS rules and actions for LAN to WAN traffic. WAN to LAN Use this screen to control the VLAN ID and IEEE 802.1p priority tags of traffic sent out through individual LAN ports. Interface Group Interface Group Security Use this screen to add a LAN interface or a VLAN ID to a new group. 36 NBG4104 Users Guide Chapter 6 Router Mode Table 10 Navigation Panel: Router Mode (continued) LINK Firewall TAB General FUNCTION Use this screen to activate/deactivate the firewall and Anti-Dos Attack. Access Control Rule This screen shows a summary of the firewall rules, and allows you to edit/
delete a firewall rule. Services Use this screen to configure ICMP setting of the NBG4104. Content Filter Content Filter Use this screen to block sites containing certain keywords in the URL. Management Remote MGMT WWW TELNET FTP SNMP TR069 Use this screen to configure through which interface(s) and from which IP address(es) users can use HTTP or HTTPs to manage the NBG4104. Use this screen to configure through which interface(s) and from which IP address(es) users can use Telnet to manage the NBG4104. Use this screen to configure through which interface(s) and from which IP address(es) users can use FTP to manage the NBG4104. Use this screen to configure through which interface(s) and from which IP address(es) users can use SNMP to manage the NBG4104. Use this screen to configure the NBG4104s TR-069 auto-configuration settings. Import CA Use this screen to import CA certificates to the NBG4104. Bandwidth MGMT General Advanced Use this screen to configure a bandwidth management service type. Use this screen to configure bandwidth management for specific types of applications. UPnP General Use this screen to enable UPnP on the NBG4104. MAINTENANCE General General Password Password Setup Use this screen to view and change administrative settings such as system and domain names. Use this screen to change the password of your NBG4104. Time Time Setting Use this screen to change your NBG4104s time and date. Firmware Upgrade Backup/
Restore Reset/
Restart Firmware Upgrade Backup/
Restore Restart Use this screen to upload firmware to your NBG4104. Use this screen to backup and restore the configuration or reset the factory defaults to your NBG4104. This screen allows you to reboot the NBG4104 without turning the power off. Sys OP Mode Sys OP Mode This screen allows you to select whether your device acts as a Router or a Access Point. NBG4104 Users Guide 37 CHAPTER 7 Access Point Mode 7.1 Overview Use your NBG4104 as an access point (AP) if you already have a router or gateway on your network. In this mode your NBG4104 bridges a wired network (LAN) and wireless LAN (WLAN) in the same subnet. See the figure below for an example. Figure 12 Wireless Internet Access in Access Point Mode WLAN LAN Many screens that are available in Router mode are not available in Access Point mode, such as bandwidth management and firewall. Note: See Chapter 8 on page 45 for an example of setting up a wireless network in Access Point mode. 7.2 What You Can Do Use the Status screen to view read-only information about your NBG4104 (Section 7.4 on page 40). Use the LAN screen to set the IP address for your NBG4104 acting as an access point (Section 7.5 on page 43). 7.3 What You Need to Know See Chapter 8 on page 45 for a tutorial on setting up a network with the NBG4104 as an access point. NBG4104 Users Guide 38 Chapter 7 Access Point Mode 7.3.1 Setting your NBG4104 to AP Mode 1 2 Log into the Web Configurator if you havent already. See the Quick start Guide for instructions on how to do this. To use your NBG4104 as an access point, go to Maintenance > Sys OP Mode > General and select Access Point mode. Figure 13 Changing to Access Point mode Note: You have to log in to the Web Configurator again when you change modes.As soon as you do, your NBG4104 is already in Access Point mode. 7.3.2 Accessing the Web Configurator in Access Point Mode Log in to the Web Configurator in Access Point mode, do the following:
1 2 3 4 Connect your computer to the LAN port of the NBG4104. The default IP address of the NBG4104 is 192.168.1.2. In this case, your computer must have an IP address in the range between 192.168.1.3 and 192.168.1.254. Click Start > Run on your computer in Windows. Type cmd in the dialog box. Enter ipconfig to show your computers IP address. If your computers IP address is not in the correct range then see Appendix D on page 185 for information on changing your computers IP address. After youve set your computers IP address, open a web browser such as Internet Explorer and type 192.168.1.2 as the web address in your web browser. 7.3.3 Configuring your WLAN and Maintenance Settings The configuration of wireless, bandwidth management and maintenance settings in Access Point mode is the same as for Router Mode. See Chapter 9 on page 55 for information on the configuring your wireless network. See Chapter 23 on page 143 for information on configuring your Maintenance settings. NBG4104 Users Guide 39 Chapter 7 Access Point Mode 7.4 AP Mode Status Screen Click to open the Status screen. Figure 14 Status Screen: Access Point Mode The following table describes the labels shown in the Status screen. Table 11 Status Screen: AP Mode LABEL Device Information DESCRIPTION Host Name This is the devices host name. Firmware Version This is the firmware version. WAN Information
- MAC Address
- IP Address This shows the WAN Ethernet adapter MAC Address of your device. This shows the WAN ports IP address.
- IP Subnet Mask This shows the WAN ports subnet mask.
- Mode LAN Information
- MAC Address
- IP Address This shows the device mode to which the NBG4104 is set. This shows the LAN Ethernet adapter MAC Address of your device. This shows the LAN ports IP address.
- IP Subnet Mask This shows the LAN ports subnet mask.
- DHCP WLAN Information This shows the LAN ports DHCP role. In AP mode, this field shows None, meaning DHCP is disabled.
- MAC Address This shows the wireless adapter MAC Address of your device.
- Radio This shows the current status of the Wireless LAN - ON or OFF. 40 NBG4104 Users Guide Chapter 7 Access Point Mode Table 11 Status Screen: AP Mode (continued) LABEL
- Name (SSID)
- Channel DESCRIPTION This shows a descriptive name used to identify the NBG4104 in the wireless LAN. This shows the channel number which you select manually.
- Operating Channel This shows the channel number which the NBG4104 is currently using over the wireless LAN.
- Security Mode
- 802.11 Mode
- WPS System Status Item Data This shows the level of wireless security the NBG4104 is using. This shows the wireless standard. This displays Configured when the WPS has been set up. This displays Unconfigured if the WPS has not been set up. Click the status to display Network > Wireless LAN > WPS screen. This column shows the type of data the NBG4104 is recording. This column shows the actual data recorded by the NBG4104. System Up Time This is the total time the NBG4104 has been on. Current Date/Time This field displays your NBG4104s present date and time. System Resource
- CPU Usage
- Memory Usage System Setting
- UPnP Interface Status Interface Status This displays what percentage of the NBG4104s processing ability is currently used. When this percentage is close to 100%, the NBG4104 is running at full load, and the throughput is not going to improve anymore. If you want some applications to have more throughput, you should turn off other applications (for example, using bandwidth management.) This shows what percentage of the heap memory the NBG4104 is using. This shows whether UPnP is enabled or not. This displays the NBG4104 port types. The port types are: WAN, LAN and WLAN. For the LAN and WAN ports, this field displays Down (line is down) or Up (line is up or connected). For the WLAN, it displays Up when the WLAN is enabled or Down when the WLAN is disabled. Rate For the LAN ports, this displays the port speed and duplex setting or N/A when the line is disconnected. Summary Packet Statistics WLAN Station Status For the WAN port, it displays the port speed and duplex setting if youre using Ethernet encapsulation. This field displays N/A when the line is disconnected. For the WLAN, it displays the maximum transmission rate when the WLAN is enabled and N/
A when the WLAN is disabled. Click Details... to go to the Monitor > Packet Statistics screen (Section 4.5 on page 28). Use this screen to view port status and packet specific statistics. Click Details... to go to the Monitor > WLAN Station Status screen (Section 4.6 on page 28). Use this screen to view the wireless stations that are currently associated to the NBG4104. NBG4104 Users Guide 41 Chapter 7 Access Point Mode 7.4.0.1 Navigation Panel Use the menu in the navigation panel to configure NBG4104 features in Access Point mode. The following screen and table show the features you can configure in Access Point mode. Figure 15 Menu: Access Point Mode The following table describes the sub-menus. Table 12 Navigation Panel: AP Mode LINK Status TAB FUNCTION This screen shows the NBG4104s general device, system and interface status information. Use this screen to access the summary statistics tables. MONITOR Log Statistics WLAN Station Status CONFIGURATION Networking Use this screen to view the list of activities recorded by your NBG4104. Use this screen to view port status and packet specific statistics. Use this screen to view the wireless stations that are currently associated to the NBG4104. Wireless LAN General Use this screen to configure wireless LAN and the level of wireless security for the NBG4104. MAC Filter Use the MAC filter screen to configure the NBG4104 to block access to devices or block the devices from accessing the NBG4104. Advanced This screen allows you to configure advanced wireless settings. QoS Use this screen to enable Wi-Fi Multimedia Quality of Service (WMM QoS). WMM QoS allows you to prioritize wireless traffic according to the delivery requirements of individual services. WPS Use this screen to configure WPS. WPS Station Use this screen to add a wireless station using WPS. Scheduling Use this screen to schedule the times the Wireless LAN is enabled. LAN IP Use this screen to configure LAN IP address and subnet mask. VLAN Operation IP Alias Use this screen to have the NBG4104 apply IP alias to create LAN subnets. LAN to WAN Use this screen to configure QoS rules and actions for LAN to WAN traffic. WAN to LAN Use this screen to control the VLAN ID and IEEE 802.1p priority tags of traffic sent out through individual LAN ports. 42 NBG4104 Users Guide Chapter 7 Access Point Mode Table 12 Navigation Panel: AP Mode (continued) LINK TAB Interface Group FUNCTION Use this screen to add a LAN interface or a VLAN ID to a new group. Interface Group Management Remote MGMT WWW TELNET FTP SNMP TR069 Use this screen to configure through which interface(s) and from which IP address(es) users can use HTTP or HTTPs to manage the NBG4104. Use this screen to configure through which interface(s) and from which IP address(es) users can use Telnet to manage the NBG4104. Use this screen to configure through which interface(s) and from which IP address(es) users can use FTP to manage the NBG4104. Use this screen to configure through which interface(s) and from which IP address(es) users can use SNMP to manage the NBG4104. Use this screen to configure the NBG4104s TR-069 auto-configuration settings. Import CA Use this screen to import CA certificates to the NBG4104. MAINTENANCE General General Password Password Setup Use this screen to view and change administrative settings such as system and domain names. Use this screen to change the password of your NBG4104. Time Time Setting Use this screen to change your NBG4104s time and date. Firmware Upgrade Backup/
Restore Reset/
Restart Firmware Upgrade Backup/
Restore Restart Use this screen to upload firmware to your NBG4104. Use this screen to backup and restore the configuration or reset the factory defaults to your NBG4104. This screen allows you to reboot the NBG4104 without turning the power off. Sys OP Mode Sys OP Mode This screen allows you to select whether your device acts as a Router or a Access Point. 7.5 LAN Screen Use this section to configure your LAN settings while in Access Point mode. Click Configuration > Networking > LAN to see the screen below. Note: If you change the IP address of the NBG4104 in the screen below, you will need to log into the NBG4104 again using the new IP address. Figure 16 Configuration > Networking > LAN > IP NBG4104 Users Guide 43 Chapter 7 Access Point Mode The table below describes the labels in the screen. Table 13 Configuration > Networking > LAN > IP LABEL IP Address DESCRIPTION Type the IP address in dotted decimal notation. The default setting is 192.168.1.2. If you change the IP address you will have to log in again with the new IP address. IP Subnet Mask The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your NBG4104 will automatically calculate the subnet mask based on the IP address that you assign. Unless you are implementing subnetting, use the subnet mask computed by the NBG4104. Apply Reset Click Apply to save your changes to the NBG4104. Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen. 44 NBG4104 Users Guide CHAPTER 8 Tutorials 8.1 Overview This chapter provides tutorials for setting up your NBG4104. Set Up a Wireless Network with WPS Configure Wireless Security without WPS Using Multiple SSIDs on the NBG4104 8.2 Set Up a Wireless Network with WPS This section gives you an example of how to set up wireless network using WPS. This example uses the NBG4104 as the AP and NWD210N as the wireless client which connects to a notebook. Note: The wireless client must be a WPS-aware device (for example, a WPS USB adapter or PCI card). There are two WPS methods for creating a secure connection. This tutorial shows you how to do both. Push Button Configuration (PBC) - create a secure wireless network simply by pressing a button. See Section 8.2.1 on page 45.This is the easier method. PIN Configuration - create a secure wireless network simply by entering a wireless client's PIN
(Personal Identification Number) in the NBG4104s interface. See Section 8.2.2 on page 46. This is the more secure method, since one device can authenticate the other. 8.2.1 Push Button Configuration (PBC) 1 Make sure that your NBG4104 is turned on. Make sure the device is placed within range of your computer. 2 Make sure that you have installed the wireless client (this example uses the NWD210N) driver and utility in your notebook. 3 4 In the wireless client utility, find the WPS settings. Enable WPS and press the WPS button (Start or WPS button) Log into NBG4104s Web Configurator and press the Push Button in the Configuration >
Networking > Wireless LAN > WPS Station screen. NBG4104 Users Guide 45 Chapter 8 Tutorials Note: Your NBG4104 has a WPS button located on its back panel, as well as a WPS button in its configuration utility. Both buttons have exactly the same function; you can use one or the other. Note: It doesnt matter which button is pressed first. You must press the second button within two minutes of pressing the first one. The NBG4104 sends the proper configuration settings to the wireless client. This may take up to two minutes. Then the wireless client is able to communicate with the NBG4104 securely. The following figure shows you an example to set up wireless network and security by pressing a button on both NBG4104 and wireless client (the NWD210N in this example). Figure 17 Example WPS Process: PBC Method Wireless Client Access Point WITHIN 2 MINUTES SECURITY INFO COMMUNICATION 8.2.2 PIN Configuration When you use the PIN configuration method, you need to use both NBG4104s configuration interface and the clients utilities. Launch your wireless clients configuration utility. Go to the WPS settings and select the PIN method to get a PIN number. Enter the PIN number to the PIN field in the Configuration > Networking > Wireless LAN >
WPS Station screen on the NBG4104. NBG4104 Users Guide 1 2 46 Chapter 8 Tutorials 3 Click Start buttons (or button next to the PIN field) on both the wireless client utility screen and the NBG4104s WPS Station screen within two minutes. The NBG4104 authenticates the wireless client and sends the proper configuration settings to the wireless client. This may take up to two minutes. Then the wireless client is able to communicate with the NBG4104 securely. The following figure shows you the example to set up wireless network and security on NBG4104 and wireless client (ex. NWD210N in this example) by using PIN method. Figure 18 Example WPS Process: PIN Method Wireless Client Access Point WITHIN 2 MINUTES 8.3 Configure Wireless Security without WPS This example shows you how to configure wireless security settings with the following parameters on your NBG4104. SSID Channel Security SSID_Example 6 WPA-PSK
(Pre-Shared Key: ThisismyWPA-PSKpre-sharedkey) Follow the steps below to configure the wireless settings on your NBG4104. NBG4104 Users Guide 47 Chapter 8 Tutorials The instructions require that your hardware is connected (see the Quick Start Guide) and you are logged into the Web Configurator through your LAN connection (see Section 3.2 on page 21). 1 Open the Configuration > Networking > Wireless LAN > General screen in the NBG4104s Web Configurator. 2 3 4 5 In the Wireless Setup section, select the Wireless LAN checkbox. Enter SSID_Example as the SSID and select Channel-06 as the channel. Click Apply to save your SSID settings. In the same screen, go to the Security section and set security mode to WPA-PSK and enter ThisismyWPA-PSKpre-sharedkey in the Pre-Shared Key field. Click Apply.l 6 Open the Status screen. Verify your wireless and wireless security settings under Device Information and check if the WLAN connection is up under Interface Status. 48 NBG4104 Users Guide Chapter 8 Tutorials 8.3.1 Configure Your Notebook Note: We use the ZyXEL M-302 wireless adapter utility screens as an example for the wireless client. The screens may vary for different models. 1 The NBG4104 supports IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and IEEE 802.11n wireless clients. Make sure that your notebook or computers wireless adapter supports one of these standards. 2 Wireless adapters come with software sometimes called a utility that you install on your computer. See your wireless adapters Users Guide for information on how to do that. 3 4 After youve installed the utility, open it. If you cannot see your utilitys icon on your screen, go to Start > Programs and click on your utility in the list of programs that appears. The utility displays a list of APs within range, as shown in the example screen below. Select SSID_Example3 and click Connect. 5 Select WPA-PSK and type the security key in the following screen. Click Next. NBG4104 Users Guide 49 Chapter 8 Tutorials 6 The Confirm Save window appears. Check your settings and click Save to continue. 7 Check the status of your wireless connection in the screen below. If your wireless connection is weak or you have no connection, see Chapter 24 Troubleshooting section of this Users Guide. If your connection is successful, open your Internet browser and enter http://www.zyxel.com or the URL of any other web site in the address bar. If you are able to access the web site, your wireless connection is successfully configured. 8.4 Using Multiple SSIDs on the NBG4104 You can configure more than one SSID on a NBG4104 when it is operating in access point or universal repeater mode. This allows you to configure multiple independent wireless networks on the NBG4104 as if there were multiple APs (virtual APs). Each virtual AP has its own SSID, wireless security type and MAC filtering settings. That is, each SSID on the NBG4104 represents a different access point/wireless network to wireless clients in the network. Clients can associate only with the SSIDs for which they have the correct security settings. Clients using different SSIDs can access the Internet and the wired network behind the NBG4104 (such as a printer). You can allow communication between wireless clients of different SSIDs in the Configuration > Network > Wireless LAN > General screen. See Section 9.4 on page 58 for more information. 50 NBG4104 Users Guide For example, you may set up three wireless networks (A, B and C) in your office. A is for workers, B is for guests and C is specific to a VoIP device in the meeting room. Chapter 8 Tutorials A SSID_Worker C SSID_VoIP B SSID_Guest 8.4.1 Configuring Security Settings of Multiple SSIDs This example shows you how to configure the SSIDs with the following parameters on your NBG4104 (in access point mode). SSID SSID_Worker SECURITY TYPE WPA2-PSK WPA Compatible KEY DoNotStealMyWirelessNet work MAC FILTERING Disable SSID_Guest Static WEP 128bit keyexample123 SSID_VoIP WPA-PSK VoIPOnly12345678 Disable Allow 00:A0:C5:01:23:45 1 2 3 4 5 6 Connect your computer to the LAN port of the NBG4104 using an Ethernet cable. The default IP address of the NBG4104 is 192.168.1.2. In this case, your computer must have an IP address in the range between 192.168.1.3 and 192.168.1.254. Click Start > Run on your computer in Windows. Type cmd in the dialog box. Enter ipconfig to show your computers IP address. If your computers IP address is not in the correct range then see Appendix D on page 185 for information on changing your computers IP address. After youve set your computers IP address, open a web browser such as Internet Explorer and type http://192.168.1.2 as the web address in your web browser. Enter 1234 (default) as the password and click Login. Type a new password and retype it to confirm, then click Apply. Otherwise, click Ignore. NBG4104 Users Guide 51 Chapter 8 Tutorials 7 Go to Configuration > Networking > Wireless LAN > General. In the Wireless Setup section, enable and enter the SSIDs as the parameters above. Click Apply to save the SSID settings. 8 Then go to the Security section to configure security settings for each SSID. Select SSID_Worker from the SSID drop-down list. Select WPA2-PSK as the Security Mode. Enter the Pass Phrase. Click Apply. Repeat this step and setup security settings for other SSIDs according to the parameters above. 9 Click the MAC Filter tab to configure MAC filtering for the SSID_VoIP wireless network. Select SSID_VoIP from the SSID drop-down list and select Allow in the Policy field. Enter the VoIP devices MAC address in the Add a station Mac Address field and click Apply to allow only the VoIP device to associate with the NBG4104 using this SSID. 52 NBG4104 Users Guide PART II Technical Reference 53 54 CHAPTER 9 Wireless LAN 9.1 Overview This chapter discusses how to configure the wireless network settings in your NBG4104. See the appendices for more detailed information about wireless networks. The following figure provides an example of a wireless network. Figure 19 Example of a Wireless Network The wireless network is the part in the blue circle. In this wireless network, devices A and B are called wireless clients. The wireless clients use the access point (AP) to interact with other devices
(such as the printer) or with the Internet. Your NBG4104 is the AP. 9.2 What You Can Do Use the General screen to enter the SSID, select the channel, and configure wireless security
(Section 9.4 on page 58). Use the MAC Filter screen to allow or deny wireless stations based on their MAC addresses from connecting to the NBG4104 (Section 9.6 on page 62). Use the Advanced screen to allow intra-BSS networking and set the RTS/CTS Threshold (Section 9.7 on page 63). Use the QoS screen to ensure Quality of Service (QoS) in your wireless network (Section 9.8 on page 65). NBG4104 Users Guide 55 Chapter 9 Wireless LAN Use the WPS screen to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without having to configure security settings manually (Section 9.9 on page 65). Use the WPS Station screen to add a wireless station using WPS (Section 9.10 on page 66). Use the Scheduling screen to set the times your wireless LAN is turned on and off (Section 9.11 on page 67). 9.3 What You Should Know Every wireless network must follow these basic guidelines. Every wireless client in the same wireless network must use the same SSID. The SSID is the name of the wireless network. It stands for Service Set IDentity. If two wireless networks overlap, they should use different channels. Like radio stations or television channels, each wireless network uses a specific channel, or frequency, to send and receive information. Every wireless client in the same wireless network must use security compatible with the AP. Security stops unauthorized devices from using the wireless network. It can also protect the information that is sent in the wireless network. Wireless Security Overview The following sections introduce different types of wireless security you can set up in the wireless network. SSID Normally, the AP acts like a beacon and regularly broadcasts the SSID in the area. You can hide the SSID instead, in which case the AP does not broadcast the SSID. In addition, you should change the default SSID to something that is difficult to guess. This type of security is fairly weak, however, because there are ways for unauthorized devices to get the SSID. In addition, unauthorized devices can still see the information that is sent in the wireless network. MAC Address Filter Every wireless client has a unique identification number, called a MAC address.1 A MAC address is usually written using twelve hexadecimal characters2; for example, 00A0C5000002 or 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. To get the MAC address for each wireless client, see the appropriate Users Guide or other documentation. You can use the MAC address filter to tell the AP which wireless clients are allowed or not allowed to use the wireless network. If a wireless client is allowed to use the wireless network, it still has to 1. Some wireless devices, such as scanners, can detect wireless networks but cannot use wireless networks. These kinds of wireless devices might not have MAC addresses. 2. Hexadecimal characters are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, and F. 56 NBG4104 Users Guide Chapter 9 Wireless LAN have the correct settings (SSID, channel, and security). If a wireless client is not allowed to use the wireless network, it does not matter if it has the correct settings. This type of security does not protect the information that is sent in the wireless network. Furthermore, there are ways for unauthorized devices to get the MAC address of an authorized wireless client. Then, they can use that MAC address to use the wireless network. User Authentication You can make every user log in to the wireless network before they can use it. This is called user authentication. However, every wireless client in the wireless network has to support IEEE 802.1x to do this. For wireless networks, there are two typical places to store the user names and passwords for each user. In the AP: this feature is called a local user database or a local database. In a RADIUS server: this is a server used in businesses more than in homes. If your AP does not provide a local user database and if you do not have a RADIUS server, you cannot set up user names and passwords for your users. Unauthorized devices can still see the information that is sent in the wireless network, even if they cannot use the wireless network. Furthermore, there are ways for unauthorized wireless users to get a valid user name and password. Then, they can use that user name and password to use the wireless network. Local user databases also have an additional limitation that is explained in the next section. Encryption Wireless networks can use encryption to protect the information that is sent in the wireless network. Encryption is like a secret code. If you do not know the secret code, you cannot understand the message. The types of encryption you can choose depend on the type of user authentication. (See page 57 for information about this.) Table 14 Types of Encryption for Each Type of Authentication Weakest NO AUTHENTICATION No Security RADIUS SERVER WPA Static WEP WPA-PSK Strongest WPA2-PSK WPA2 For example, if the wireless network has a RADIUS server, you can choose WPA or WPA2. If users do not log in to the wireless network, you can choose no encryption, Static WEP, WPA-PSK, or WPA2-PSK. Usually, you should set up the strongest encryption that every wireless client in the wireless network supports. For example, suppose the AP does not have a local user database, and you do not have a RADIUS server. Therefore, there is no user authentication. Suppose the wireless network NBG4104 Users Guide 57 Chapter 9 Wireless LAN has two wireless clients. Device A only supports WEP, and device B supports WEP and WPA. Therefore, you should set up Static WEP in the wireless network. Note: It is recommended that wireless networks use WPA-PSK, WPA, or stronger encryption. IEEE 802.1x and WEP encryption are better than none at all, but it is still possible for unauthorized devices to figure out the original information pretty quickly. Note: It is not possible to use WPA-PSK, WPA or stronger encryption with a local user database. In this case, it is better to set up stronger encryption with no authentication than to set up weaker encryption with the local user database. When you select WPA2-PSK in your NBG4104, you can also select an option (WPA Compatible) to support WPA as well. In this case, if some wireless clients support WPA and some support WPA2, you should set up WPA2-PSK (depending on the type of wireless network login) and select the WPA Compatible option in the NBG4104. Many types of encryption use a key to protect the information in the wireless network. The longer the key, the stronger the encryption. Every wireless client in the wireless network must have the same key. WPS WiFi Protected Setup (WPS) is an industry standard specification, defined by the WiFi Alliance. WPS allows you to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without having to configure security settings manually. Depending on the devices in your network, you can either press a button (on the device itself, or in its configuration utility) or enter a PIN (Personal Identification Number) in the devices. Then, they connect and set up a secure network by themselves. See how to set up a secure wireless network using WPS in the Section 8.2 on page 45. 9.4 General Wireless LAN Screen Use this screen to configure the SSID of the wireless LAN and configure the wireless security mode. The screen varies depending on what you select in the Security Mode field. Note: If you are configuring the NBG4104 from a computer connected to the wireless LAN and you change the NBG4104s SSID, channel or security settings, you will lose your wireless connection when you press Apply to confirm. You must then change the wireless settings of your computer to match the NBG4104s new settings. 58 NBG4104 Users Guide Click Configuration > Networking > Wireless LAN to open the General screen. Figure 20 Configuration > Networking > Wireless LAN > General Chapter 9 Wireless LAN The following table describes the general wireless LAN labels in this screen. Table 15 Configuration > Networking > Wireless LAN > General LABEL Wireless LAN DESCRIPTION This shows whether the wireless LAN is ON or OFF. You can enable or disable the wireless LAN by using the WLAN switch located on the back panel of the NBG4104. Network Name(SSID) The SSID (Service Set IDentity) identifies the Service Set with which a wireless client is associated. Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 printable characters found on a typical English language keyboard) for the wireless LAN. Enable Select this to activate the wireless network. Network Name(SSID 1~3) You can configure up to four SSIDs to enable multiple BSSs (Basic Service Sets) on the NBG4104. This allows you to use one access point to provide several BSSs simultaneously. You can then assign varying security types to different SSIDs. Wireless clients can use different SSIDs to associate with the same access point. Hide SSID Select this check box to hide the SSID in the outgoing beacon frame so a station cannot obtain the SSID through scanning using a site survey tool. Channel Selection This option is only available if Auto Channel Selection is disabled. Note: According to the FCC regulation, users can only select the channels 1-11 for 802.11b/g/n-HT20 and 3-9 channels for 802.11n-HT40 mode. The other channels that out of the permission above will be disabled from the channel selection. Operating Channel This displays the channel the NBG4104 is currently using. SSID Select a wireless LAN for which to configure security settings. The security settings only apply to the selected wireless LAN. Security Mode Choose the security mode from the drop-down list box. See Section 9.5 on page 60 for more information on wireless security settings. Apply Reset Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG4104. Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen. See the rest of this chapter for information on the other labels in this screen. NBG4104 Users Guide 59 Chapter 9 Wireless LAN 9.5 Wireless Security Use this part of the General screen to select the wireless security mode. Click Network >
Wireless LAN to open the General screen. The screen varies depending on what you select in the Security Mode field. 9.5.1 No Security Select No Security to allow wireless clients to communicate with the access points without any data encryption. Note: If you do not enable any wireless security on your NBG4104, your network is accessible to any wireless networking device that is within range. Figure 21 Wireless LAN > General: Security: No Security The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 16 Wireless LAN > General: Security: No Security LABEL SSID DESCRIPTION Select a wireless LAN for which to configure security settings. The security settings only apply to the selected wireless LAN. Security Mode Choose No Security from the drop-down list box. Apply Reset Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG4104. Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen. 9.5.2 WEP Encryption WEP encryption scrambles the data transmitted between the wireless stations and the access points to keep network communications private. It encrypts unicast and multicast communications in a network. Both the wireless stations and the access points must use the same WEP key. Your NBG4104 allows you to configure up to four 64-bit or 128-bit WEP keys but only one key can be enabled at any one time. 60 NBG4104 Users Guide Select Static WEP from the Security Mode list. Figure 22 Wireless LAN > General: Security: Static WEP Chapter 9 Wireless LAN The following table describes the wireless LAN security labels in this screen. Table 17 Wireless LAN > General: Security: Static WEP LABEL SSID DESCRIPTION Select a wireless LAN for which to configure security settings. The security settings only apply to the selected wireless LAN. Security Mode Select Static WEP to enable data encryption. Default Key Select a WEP Key as your default key. WEP Key 1 to Key 4 The WEP keys are used to encrypt data. Both the NBG4104 and the wireless stations must use the same WEP key for data transmission. Select ASCII to enter ASCII characters or select Hex to enter hexadecimal characters as WEP key. You must configure at least one key, only one key can be activated at any one time. Apply Reset Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG4104. Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen. NBG4104 Users Guide 61 Chapter 9 Wireless LAN 9.5.3 WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK Select WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK from the Security Mode list. Figure 23 Wireless LAN > General: Security: WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 18 Wireless LAN > General: Security: WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK LABEL SSID DESCRIPTION Select a wireless LAN for which to configure security settings. The security settings only apply to the selected wireless LAN. Security Mode Select WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK to enable data encryption. WPA Compatible This field appears when you choose WPA2-PSK as the Security Mode. Check this field to allow wireless devices using WPA-PSK security mode to connect to your NBG4104. WPA Algorithms Select the encryption type (TKIP, AES, or TKIP or AES) for data encryption. Select TKIP if your wireless clients can all use TKIP. Select AES if your wireless clients can all use AES. Pass Phrase WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK uses a simple common password for authentication. Select TKIP or AES to allow the wireless clients to use either TKIP or AES. Key Renewal Interval Apply Reset Type a pass phrase from 8 to 63 case-sensitive keyboard characters. The is the rate at which the AP sends a new group key out to all clients. Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG4104. Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen. 9.6 MAC Filter The MAC filter screen allows you to configure the NBG4104 to give exclusive access to devices
(Allow) or exclude devices from accessing the NBG4104 (Deny). Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six 62 NBG4104 Users Guide Chapter 9 Wireless LAN pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. You need to know the MAC address of the devices to configure this screen. To change your NBG4104s MAC filter settings, click Configuration > Networking > Wireless LAN > MAC Filter. The screen appears as shown. Figure 24 Configuration > Networking > Wireless LAN > MAC Filter The following table describes the labels in this menu. Table 19 Configuration > Networking > Wireless LAN > MAC Filter LABEL SSID DESCRIPTION Select the SSID for which you want to configure MAC filtering. Policy Define the filter action for the list of MAC addresses in the MAC Address table. Select Disable to deactivate the MAC filtering rule you configure below. Select Allow to permit access to the NBG4104, MAC addresses not listed will be denied access to the NBG4104. Select Reject to block access to the NBG4104, MAC addresses not listed will be allowed to access the NBG4104 Enter the MAC addresses of the wireless station that are allowed or denied access to the NBG4104 in these address fields. Enter the MAC addresses in a valid MAC address format, that is, six hexadecimal character pairs, for example, 12:34:56:78:9a:bc. Click Add. Click the delete icon to remove the MAC address from the list. This is the MAC address of the wireless station that are allowed or denied access to the NBG4104. Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG4104. Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen. Add a station Mac Address Delete MAC Address Apply Reset 9.7 Wireless LAN Advanced Screen Use this screen to allow wireless advanced features, such as the output power, RTS/CTS Threshold and high-throughput physical mode settings. NBG4104 Users Guide 63 Chapter 9 Wireless LAN Click Configuration > Networking > Wireless LAN > Advanced. The screen appears as shown. Figure 25 Configuration > Networking > Wireless LAN > Advanced The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 20 Configuration > Networking > Wireless LAN > Advanced LABEL RTS/CTS Threshold Data with its frame size larger than this value will perform the RTS (Request To Send)/
DESCRIPTION CTS (Clear To Send) handshake. Enter a value between 256 and 2432. Fragmentation Threshold The threshold (number of bytes) for the fragmentation boundary for directed messages. It is the maximum data fragment size that can be sent. Enter an even number between 256 and 2346. Enable Intra-BSS Traffic A Basic Service Set (BSS) exists when all communications between wireless clients or between a wireless client and a wired network client go through one access point (AP). Output Power Intra-BSS traffic is traffic between wireless clients in the BSS. When Intra-BSS is enabled, wireless client A and B can access the wired network and communicate with each other. When Intra-BSS is disabled, wireless client A and B can still access the wired network but cannot communicate with each other. Set the output power of the NBG4104 in this field. If there is a high density of APs in an area, decrease the output power of the NBG4104 to reduce interference with other APs. Select one of the following 100%, 90%, 75%, 50%, 25% or 10%. See the product specifications for more information on your NBG4104s output power. HT (High Throughput) Physical Mode - Use the fields below to configure the 802.11 wireless environment of your NBG4104. Channel Bandwidth Select the channel bandwidth you want to use for your wireless network. It is recommended that you select 20/40 (20/40 MHz). Select 20 MHz if you want to lessen radio interference with other wireless devices in your neighborhood. Guard Interval Select Auto to increase data throughput. However, this may make data transfer more prone to errors. Select Long to prioritize data integrity. This may be because your wireless network is busy and congested or the NBG4104 is located in an environment prone to radio interference. Apply Reset Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG4104. Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen. 64 NBG4104 Users Guide Chapter 9 Wireless LAN 9.8 Quality of Service (QoS) Screen The QoS screen allows you to automatically give a service (such as VoIP and video) a priority level. Click Configuration > Networking > Wireless LAN > QoS. The following screen appears. Figure 26 Configuration > Networking > Wireless LAN > QoS The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 21 Configuration > Networking > Wireless LAN > QoS LABEL Enable WMM QoS DESCRIPTION Check this to have the NBG4104 automatically give a service a priority level according to the ToS value in the IP header of packets it sends. WMM QoS (Wifi MultiMedia Quality of Service) gives high priority to voice and video, which makes them run more smoothly. Apply Reset Click Apply to save your changes to the NBG4104. Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen. 9.9 WPS Screen Use this screen to enable/disable WPS, view or generate a new PIN number and check current WPS status. To open this screen, click Configuration > Networking > Wireless LAN > WPS tab. Note: With WPS, wireless clients can only connect to the wireless network using the first SSID on the NBG4104. Figure 27 Configuration > Networking > Wireless LAN > WPS NBG4104 Users Guide 65 Chapter 9 Wireless LAN The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 22 Configuration > Networking > Wireless LAN > WPS LABEL Enable WPS DESCRIPTION Select this to enable the WPS feature. PIN Number Status Release Configuration 802.11 Mode SSID Security Apply Reset This displays a PIN number last time system generated. Click Generate to generate a new PIN number. This displays Configured when the NBG4104 has connected to a wireless network using WPS or when Enable WPS is selected and wireless or wireless security settings have been changed. The current wireless and wireless security settings also appear in the screen. This displays Unconfigured if WPS is disabled and there are no wireless or wireless security changes on the NBG4104 or you click Release_Configuration to remove the configured wireless and wireless security settings. This button is only available when the WPS status displays Configured. Click this button to remove all configured wireless and wireless security settings for WPS connections on the NBG4104. This is the 802.11 mode used. Only compliant WLAN devices can associate with the NBG4104. This is the name of the wireless network (the NBG4104s first SSID). This is the type of wireless security employed by the network. Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG4104. Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen. 9.10 WPS Station Screen Use this screen when you want to add a wireless station using WPS. To open this screen, click Configuration > Networking > Wireless LAN > WPS Station tab. Note: After you click Push Button on this screen, you have to press a similar button in the wireless station utility within 2 minutes. To add the second wireless station, you have to press these buttons on both device and the wireless station again after the first 2 minutes. Figure 28 Configuration > Wireless LAN > WPS Station 66 NBG4104 Users Guide Chapter 9 Wireless LAN The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 23 Configuration > Networking > Wireless LAN > WPS Station LABEL Push Button DESCRIPTION Use this button when you use the PBC (Push Button Configuration) method to configure wireless stationss wireless settings. Click this to start WPS-aware wireless station scanning and the wireless security information synchronization. Or input stations PIN number Use this button when you use the PIN Configuration method to configure wireless stations wireless settings. Type the same PIN number generated in the wireless stations utility. Then click Start to associate to each other and perform the wireless security information synchronization. 9.11 Scheduling Screen Use this screen to set the times your wireless LAN is turned on and off. Wireless LAN scheduling is disabled by default. The wireless LAN can be scheduled to turn on or off on certain days and at certain times. To open this screen, click Configuration > Networking > Wireless LAN >
Scheduling tab. Figure 29 Configuration > Networking > Wireless LAN > Scheduling NBG4104 Users Guide 67 Chapter 9 Wireless LAN The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 24 Configuration > Networking > Wireless LAN > Scheduling LABEL Enable Wireless LAN Scheduling DESCRIPTION Select this to enable Wireless LAN scheduling. WLAN Status Day At the following times (24-Hour Format) Select On or Off to specify whether the Wireless LAN is turned on or off. This field works in conjunction with the Day and For the following times fields. Select Everyday or the specific days to turn the Wireless LAN on or off. If you select Everyday you can not select any specific days. This field works in conjunction with the For the following times field. Select a begin time using the first set of hour and minute (min) drop down boxes and select an end time using the second set of hour and minute (min) drop down boxes. If you have chosen On earlier for the WLAN Status the Wireless LAN will turn on between the two times you enter in these fields. If you have chosen Off earlier for the WLAN Status the Wireless LAN will turn off between the two times you enter in these fields. Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG4104. 68 NBG4104 Users Guide CHAPTER 10 WAN 10.1 Overview This chapter discusses the NBG4104s WAN screens. Use these screens to configure your NBG4104 for Internet access. A WAN (Wide Area Network) connection is an outside connection to another network or the Internet. It connects your private networks such as a LAN (Local Area Network) and other networks, so that a computer in one location can communicate with computers in other locations. Figure 30 LAN and WAN LAN WAN 10.2 What You Can Do Use the Management WAN screen to enter your ISP information and set how the computer acquires its IP, DNS and WAN MAC addresses (Section 10.4 on page 72). Use the Advanced screen to enable multicasting and auto-IP-change (Section 10.5 on page 79). 10.3 What You Need To Know The information in this section can help you configure the screens for your WAN connection, as well as enable/disable some advanced features of your NBG4104. NBG4104 Users Guide 69 Chapter 10 WAN 10.3.1 Configuring Your Internet Connection Encapsulation Method Encapsulation is used to include data from an upper layer protocol into a lower layer protocol. To set up a WAN connection to the Internet, you need to use the same encapsulation method used by your ISP (Internet Service Provider). If your ISP offers a dial-up Internet connection using PPPoE (PPP over Ethernet) or PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol), they should also provide a username and password (and service name) for user authentication. WAN IP Address The WAN IP address is an IP address for the NBG4104, which makes it accessible from an outside network. It is used by the NBG4104 to communicate with other devices in other networks. It can be static (fixed) or dynamically assigned by the ISP each time the NBG4104 tries to access the Internet. If your ISP assigns you a static WAN IP address, they should also assign you the subnet mask and DNS server IP address(es) (and a gateway IP address if you use the Ethernet or ENET ENCAP encapsulation method). DNS Server Address Assignment Use Domain Name System (DNS) to map a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice versa, for instance, the IP address of www.zyxel.com is 204.217.0.2. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must know the IP address of a computer before you can access it. The NBG4104 can get the DNS server addresses in the following ways. 1 2 The ISP tells you the DNS server addresses, usually in the form of an information sheet, when you sign up. If your ISP gives you DNS server addresses, manually enter them in the DNS server fields. If your ISP dynamically assigns the DNS server IP addresses (along with the NBG4104s WAN IP address), set the DNS server fields to get the DNS server address from the ISP. WAN MAC Address The MAC address screen allows users to configure the WAN port's MAC address by either using the factory default or cloning the MAC address from a computer on your LAN. Choose Factory Default to select the factory assigned default MAC Address. Otherwise, click Clone the computer's MAC address - IP Address and enter the IP address of the computer on the LAN whose MAC you are cloning. Once it is successfully configured, the address will be copied to configuration file. It is recommended that you clone the MAC address prior to hooking up the WAN Port. Maximum Transmission Unit A maximum transmission unit (MTU) is the largest size packet or frame, specified in octets (eight-
bit bytes) that can be sent in a packet- or frame-based network. The Transmission Control Protocol 70 NBG4104 Users Guide
(TCP) uses the MTU to determine the maximum size of each packet in any transmission. Too large an MTU size may mean retransmissions if the packet encounters a router that can't handle that large a packet. Too small an MTU size means relatively more header overhead and more acknowledgements that have to be sent and handled. Chapter 10 WAN 10.3.2 Multicast Traditionally, IP packets are transmitted in one of either two ways - Unicast (1 sender - 1 recipient) or Broadcast (1 sender - everybody on the network). Multicast delivers IP packets to a group of hosts on the network - not everybody and not just 1. Figure 31 Multicast Example A B C D Server In the multicast example above, systems A and D comprise one multicast group. In multicasting, the server only needs to send one data stream and this is delivered to systems A and D. IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership in a multicast group - it is not used to carry user data. The NBG4104 supports both IGMP version 1
(IGMP-v1) and IGMP version 2 (IGMP-v2). At start up, the NBG4104 queries all directly connected networks to gather group membership. After that, the NBG4104 periodically updates this information. IP multicasting can be enabled/
disabled on the NBG4104 LAN and/or WAN interfaces in the Web Configurator (LAN; WAN). Select None to disable IP multicasting on these interfaces. Auto-IP-Change When the NBG4104 gets a WAN IP address which is in the same subnet as the LAN IP address 192.168.1.1, Auto-IP-Change allows the NBG4104 to change its LAN IP address to 10.0.0.1 automatically. If the NBG4104s original LAN IP address is 10.0.0.1 and the WAN IP address is in NBG4104 Users Guide 71 Chapter 10 WAN the same subnet, such as 10.0.0.3, the NBG4104 switches to use 192.168.1.1 as its LAN IP address. Figure 32 Auto-IP-Change LAN WAN 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.23 10.0.0.1 Auto-IP-Change only works under the following conditions:
The NBG4104 must be in Router Mode (see Chapter 23 on page 150 for more information) for Auto-IP-Change to become active. The NBG4104 is set to receive a dynamic WAN IP address using the Ethernet or PPPoE connection type. 10.4 Management WAN Use this screen to view, change, or add your NBG4104s Internet access settings. Click Configuration > Networking > WAN. The following screen opens. Figure 33 Configuration > Networking > Management WAN The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 25 Configuration > Networking > Management WAN LABEL Add New WAN Entry Click this to create a new WAN interface entry. DESCRIPTION
Default Name Interface This is the index number of the connection. Select the WAN interface that you want to configure as default. This is the service name of the connection. This is the interface of the connection. 72 NBG4104 Users Guide Chapter 10 WAN Table 25 Configuration > Networking > Management WAN (continued) LABEL Type DESCRIPTION This shows the type of interface used by this connection. VLAN ID IP Address Status Modify This indicates the VLAN ID number assigned to traffic sent through this connection. This is the WAN IP address used by this connection. This shows the status of the connection. Click the Edit icon to configure the connection. Click the Delete icon to delete this connection from the NBG4104. A window displays asking you to confirm that you want to delete the connection. 10.4.1 Add/Edit Internet Connection Click the Add New WAN Entry in the Configuration > WAN screen or the Edit icon next to the connection you want to configure. Use this screen to configure a WAN connection. The screen varies depending on the encapsulation you select. 10.4.2 Ethernet Encapsulation This screen displays when you select Ethernet encapsulation. Figure 34 Internet Connection: Ethernet Encapsulation NBG4104 Users Guide 73 Chapter 10 WAN The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 26 Internet Connection: Ethernet Encapsulation LABEL ISP Parameters for Internet Access DESCRIPTION Name Enter a service name of the connection. Encapsulation You must choose the Ethernet option when the WAN port is used as a regular Ethernet. WAN IP Address Assignment Get automatically from ISP (Default) Select this option If your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address. This is the default selection. Use Fixed IP Address Select this option If the ISP assigned a fixed IP address. IP Address Enter your WAN IP address in this field if you selected Use Fixed IP Address. IP Subnet Mask Enter the IP Subnet Mask in this field. Gateway IP Address Enter a Gateway IP Address (if your ISP gave you one) in this field. MTU Size Enter the MTU (Maximum Transfer Unit) size for this traffic. WAN DNS Assignment First DNS Server Second DNS Server WAN MAC Address If you select Get automatically from ISP (Default) in the WAN IP Address Assignment section, this field will automatically be set to From ISP. The field to the right displays the (read-only) DNS server IP address that the ISP assigns. If you select Use Fixed IP Address in the WAN IP Address Assignment section, this field will automatically be set to User-Defined. Enter the DNS server's IP address in the field to the right. The MAC address section allows users to configure the WAN port's MAC address by either using the NBG4104s MAC address, copying the MAC address from a computer on your LAN or manually entering a MAC address. Factory default Select Factory default to use the factory assigned default MAC Address. Clone the computers MAC address - IP Address Set WAN MAC Address Apply VLAN Settings Enable VLAN Ignore WAN VLAN ID when tag frame receive from LAN side VLAN ID 802.1P Select Clone the computer's MAC address - IP Address and enter the IP address of the computer on the LAN whose MAC you are cloning. Select this option and enter the MAC address you want to use. Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG4104. Select this to add the VLAN tag (specified in the VLAN ID field below) to the outgoing traffic through this connection. Select this to ignore VLAN ID tagging if the tag frame is from the LAN. Type the VLAN ID number (from 1 to 4094) for traffic through this connection. IEEE 802.1p defines up to 8 separate traffic types by inserting a tag into a MAC-layer frame that contains bits to define class of service. Select the IEEE 802.1p priority level (from 0 to 7) to add to traffic through this connection. The greater the number, the higher the priority level. Apply Reset Cancel Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG4104. Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen. Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh. 74 NBG4104 Users Guide 10.4.3 PPPoE Encapsulation Chapter 10 WAN The NBG4104 supports PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet). PPPoE is an IETF standard
(RFC 2516) specifying how a personal computer (PC) interacts with a broadband modem (DSL, cable, wireless, etc.) connection. The PPP over Ethernet option is for a dial-up connection using PPPoE. For the service provider, PPPoE offers an access and authentication method that works with existing access control systems (for example Radius). One of the benefits of PPPoE is the ability to let you access one of multiple network services, a function known as dynamic service selection. This enables the service provider to easily create and offer new IP services for individuals. Operationally, PPPoE saves significant effort for both you and the ISP or carrier, as it requires no specific configuration of the broadband modem at the customer site. By implementing PPPoE directly on the NBG4104 (rather than individual computers), the computers on the LAN do not need PPPoE software installed, since the NBG4104 does that part of the task. Furthermore, with NAT, all of the LANs computers will have access. NBG4104 Users Guide 75 Chapter 10 WAN This screen displays when you select PPP over Ethernet encapsulation. Figure 35 Internet Connection: PPP over Ethernet Encapsulation The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 27 Internet Connection: PPP over Ethernet Encapsulation LABEL ISP Parameters for Internet Access DESCRIPTION Encapsulation Service Name User Name Password Select PPP over Ethernet if you connect to your Internet via dial-up. Type the name of your PPPoE service here. Type the user name given to you by your ISP. Type the password associated with the user name above. 76 NBG4104 Users Guide Chapter 10 WAN Table 27 Internet Connection: PPP over Ethernet Encapsulation (continued) LABEL Retype to Confirm DESCRIPTION Type your password again to make sure that you have entered is correctly. PPPoE Passthrough In addition to the NBG4104s built-in PPPoE client, you can enable PPPoE pass through to allow up to ten hosts on the LAN to use PPPoE client software on their computers to connect to the ISP via the NBG4104. Each host can have a separate account and a public WAN IP address. PPPoE pass through is an alternative to NAT for application where NAT is not appropriate. Disable PPPoE pass through if you do not need to allow hosts on the LAN to use PPPoE client software on their computers to connect to the ISP. Enter the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) or the largest packet size per frame that your NBG4104 can receive and process. Select Nailed-Up Connection if you do not want the connection to time out. MTU Size Nailed-Up Connection Idle Timeout (sec) This value specifies the time in minutes that elapses before the router automatically disconnects from the PPPoE server. WAN IP Address Assignment Get automatically from ISP Select this option If your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address. This is the default selection. Use Fixed IP Address Select this option If the ISP assigned a fixed IP address. IP Address Enter the static IP address provided by your ISP. IP Subnet Mask Enter the subnet mask provided by your ISP. Gateway IP Address WAN DNS Assignment First DNS Server Second DNS Server WAN MAC Address Enter the gateway IP address provided by your ISP. Select From ISP if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server information (and the NBG4104's WAN IP address). The field to the right displays the (read-only) DNS server IP address that the ISP assigns. Select User-Defined if you have the IP address of a DNS server. Enter the DNS server's IP address in the field to the right. If you chose User-Defined, but leave the IP address set to 0.0.0.0, User-Defined changes to None after you click Apply. If you set a second choice to User-Defined, and enter the same IP address, the second User-Defined changes to None after you click Apply. Select None if you do not want to configure DNS servers. If you do not configure a DNS server, you must know the IP address of a computer in order to access it. The MAC address section allows users to configure the WAN port's MAC address by using the NBG4104s MAC address, copying the MAC address from a computer on your LAN or manually entering a MAC address. Factory default Select Factory default to use the factory assigned default MAC Address. Clone the computers MAC address - IP Address Set WAN MAC Address VLAN Settings Enable VLAN Select Clone the computer's MAC address - IP Address and enter the IP address of the computer on the LAN whose MAC you are cloning. Select this option and enter the MAC address you want to use. Select this to add the VLAN tag (specified in the VLAN ID field below) to the outgoing traffic through this connection. NBG4104 Users Guide 77 Chapter 10 WAN Table 27 Internet Connection: PPP over Ethernet Encapsulation (continued) LABEL Ignore WAN VLAN ID when tag frame receive from LAN side DESCRIPTION Select this to ignore VLAN ID tagging if the tag frame is from the LAN. VLAN ID 802.1P Apply Reset Cancel Type the VLAN ID number (from 1 to 4094) for traffic through this connection. IEEE 802.1p defines up to 8 separate traffic types by inserting a tag into a MAC-layer frame that contains bits to define class of service. Select the IEEE 802.1p priority level (from 0 to 7) to add to traffic through this connection. The greater the number, the higher the priority level. Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG4104. Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen. Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh. 10.4.4 Bridge Encapsulation This screen displays when you select Bridge encapsulation. Figure 36 Internet Connection: Bridge Encapsulation The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 28 Internet Connection: Bridge Encapsulation LABEL ISP Parameters for Internet Access DESCRIPTION Name Encapsulation VLAN Settings Enable VLAN Enter a service name of the connection. Select Bridge when your ISP provides you more than one IP address and you want the connected computers to get individual IP address from ISPs DHCP server directly. If you select Bridge, you cannot use routing functions, such as DHCP server. Select this to add the VLAN tag (specified in the VLAN ID field below) to the outgoing traffic through this connection. 78 NBG4104 Users Guide Chapter 10 WAN Table 28 Internet Connection: Bridge Encapsulation (continued) LABEL Ignore WAN VLAN ID when tag frame receive from LAN side DESCRIPTION Select this to ignore VLAN ID tagging if the tag frame is from the LAN. VLAN ID 802.1P Apply Reset Cancel Type the VLAN ID number (from 1 to 4094) for traffic through this connection. IEEE 802.1p defines up to 8 separate traffic types by inserting a tag into a MAC-layer frame that contains bits to define class of service. Select the IEEE 802.1p priority level (from 0 to 7) to add to traffic through this connection. The greater the number, the higher the priority level. Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG4104. Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen. Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh. 10.5 Advanced WAN Screen Use this screen to enable Multicast and enable Auto-IP-Change mode. To change your NBG4104s advanced WAN settings, click Configuration > Networking > WAN >
Advanced. The screen appears as shown. Figure 37 Configuration > Networking > WAN > Advanced The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 29 Configuration > Networking > WAN > Advanced LABEL Multicast Setup DESCRIPTION Multicast Check this to enable multicasting. This applies to traffic routed from the WAN to the LAN. Leaving this blank may cause incoming traffic to be dropped or sent to all connected network devices. Auto-Subnet Configuration NBG4104 Users Guide 79 Chapter 10 WAN Table 29 Configuration > Networking > WAN > Advanced (continued) LABEL None DESCRIPTION Select this option to have the NBG4104 do nothing when it gets a WAN IP address in the range of 192.168.x.y (where x and y are from zero to nine) or in the same subnet as the LAN IP address. Enable Auto-IP-
Change mode Select this option to have the NBG4104 change its LAN IP address to 10.0.0.1 or 192.168.1.1 accordingly when the NBG4104 gets a dynamic WAN IP address in the same subnet as the LAN IP address 192.168.1.1 or 10.0.0.1. The NAT, DHCP server and firewall functions on the NBG4104 are still available in this mode. Apply Reset Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG4104. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. 80 NBG4104 Users Guide CHAPTER 11 LAN 11.1 Overview This chapter describes how to configure LAN settings. A Local Area Network (LAN) is a shared communication system to which many computers are attached. A LAN is a computer network limited to the immediate area, usually the same building or floor of a building. The LAN screens can help you configure a LAN DHCP server, manage IP addresses, and partition your physical network into logical networks. Figure 38 LAN Example WLAN LAN firewall The LAN screens can help you manage IP addresses. 11.2 What You Can Do Use the IP screen to change the IP address for your NBG4104 (Section 11.4 on page 83). Use the IP Alias screen to have the NBG4104 apply IP alias to create LAN subnets (Section 11.5 on page 83). NBG4104 Users Guide 81 Chapter 11 LAN 11.3 What You Need To Know The actual physical connection determines whether the NBG4104 ports are LAN or WAN ports. There are two separate IP networks, one inside the LAN network and the other outside the WAN network as shown next. Figure 39 LAN and WAN IP Addresses The LAN parameters of the NBG4104 are preset in the factory with the following values:
IP address of 192.168.1.1 with subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 (24 bits) DHCP server enabled with 32 client IP addresses starting from 192.168.1.33. These parameters should work for the majority of installations. If your ISP gives you explicit DNS server address(es), read the embedded Web Configurator help regarding what fields need to be configured. 11.3.1 IP Pool Setup The NBG4104 is pre-configured with a pool of 32 IP addresses starting from 192.168.1.33 to 192.168.1.64. This configuration leaves 31 IP addresses (excluding the NBG4104 itself) in the lower range (192.168.1.2 to 192.168.1.32) for other server computers, for instance, servers for mail, T, web, etc., that you may have. 11.3.2 LAN TCP/IP The NBG4104 has built-in DHCP server capability that assigns IP addresses and DNS servers to systems that support DHCP client capability. 11.3.3 IP Alias IP alias allows you to partition a physical network into different logical networks over the same Ethernet interface. The NBG4104 supports three logical LAN interfaces via its single physical Ethernet interface with the NBG4104 itself as the gateway for each LAN network. 82 NBG4104 Users Guide 11.4 LAN IP Screen Use this screen to change the IP address for your NBG4104. Click Configuration > Networking >
LAN > IP. Figure 40 Configuration > Networking > LAN > IP Chapter 11 LAN The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 30 Configuration > Networking > LAN > IP LABEL IP Address DESCRIPTION Type the IP address of your NBG4104 in dotted decimal notation. IP Subnet Mask The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your NBG4104 will automatically calculate the subnet mask based on the IP address that you assign. Unless you are implementing subnetting, use the subnet mask computed by the NBG4104. Apply Reset Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG4104. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. 11.5 IP Alias Screen Use this screen to have the NBG4104 apply IP alias to create LAN subnets. Click Configuration >
Networking > LAN > IP Alias. Figure 41 Configuration > Networking > LAN > IP Alias NBG4104 Users Guide 83 Chapter 11 LAN The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 31 Configuration > Networking > LAN > IP Alias LABEL Enable IP Alias DESCRIPTION Check this to enable IP alias. IP Address Type the IP alias address of your NBG4104 in dotted decimal notation. IP Subnet Mask The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your NBG4104 will automatically calculate the subnet mask based on the IP address that you assign. Unless you are implementing subnetting, use the subnet mask computed by the NBG4104. Apply Reset Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG4104. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. 84 NBG4104 Users Guide CHAPTER 12 DHCP Server 12.1 Overview DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual clients to obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can configure the NBG4104s LAN as a DHCP server or disable it. When configured as a server, the NBG4104 provides the TCP/IP configuration for the clients. If DHCP service is disabled, you must have another DHCP server on your LAN, or else the computer must be manually configured. 12.2 What You Can Do Use the General screen to enable the DHCP server (Section 12.4 on page 86). Use the Advanced screen to assign IP addresses on the LAN to specific individual computers based on their MAC Addresses (Section 12.5 on page 87). 12.3 What You Need To Know The following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter. MAC Addresses Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. Find out the MAC addresses of your network devices if you intend to add them to the DHCP Client List screen. NBG4104 Users Guide 85 Chapter 12 DHCP Server 12.4 The DHCP General Screen Use this screen to enable the DHCP server. Click Configuration > Networking > DHCP Server. The General screen displays. Figure 42 Configuration > Networking > DHCP Server > General The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 32 Configuration > Networking > DHCP Server > General LABEL Enable DHCP Server Select the checkbox to enable DHCP for LAN. DESCRIPTION DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual clients (computers) to obtain TCP/IP configuration at startup from a server. Leave the Enable DHCP Server check box selected unless your ISP instructs you to do otherwise. Clear it to disable the NBG4104 acting as a DHCP server. When configured as a server, the NBG4104 provides TCP/IP configuration for the clients. If not, DHCP service is disabled and you must have another DHCP server on your LAN, or else the computers must be manually configured. When set as a server, fill in the following four fields. This field specifies the first of the contiguous addresses in the IP address pool for LAN. IP Pool Starting Address Pool Size This field specifies the size, or count of the IP address pool for LAN. Apply Reset Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG4104. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. 86 NBG4104 Users Guide Chapter 12 DHCP Server 12.5 The DHCP Advanced Screen This screen allows you to assign IP addresses on the LAN to specific individual computers based on their MAC addresses. You can also use this screen to configure the DNS server information that the NBG4104 sends to the DHCP clients. To change your NBG4104s static DHCP settings, click Configuration > Networking > DHCP Server > Advanced. The following screen displays. Figure 43 Configuration > Networking > DHCP Server > Advanced The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 33 Configuration > Networking > DHCP Server > Advanced LABEL Static DHCP Table DESCRIPTION
This is the index number of the static IP table entry (row). MAC Address Type the MAC address (with colons) of a computer on your LAN. IP Address DNS Server DNS Servers Assigned by DHCP Server Type the LAN IP address of a computer on your LAN. The NBG4104 passes a DNS (Domain Name System) server IP address (in the order you specify here) to the DHCP clients. The NBG4104 only passes this information to the LAN DHCP clients when you select the Enable DHCP Server check box. When you clear the Enable DHCP Server check box, DHCP service is disabled and you must have another DHCP sever on your LAN, or else the computers must have their DNS server addresses manually configured. NBG4104 Users Guide 87 Chapter 12 DHCP Server Table 33 Configuration > Networking > DHCP Server > Advanced (continued) LABEL First DNS Server DESCRIPTION Select From ISP if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server information (and the NBG4104's WAN IP address). The field to the right displays the (read-only) DNS server IP address that the ISP assigns. Second DNS Server Select User-Defined if you have the IP address of a DNS server. Enter the DNS server's IP address in the field to the right. If you chose User-Defined, but leave the IP address set to 0.0.0.0, User-Defined changes to None after you click Apply. If you set a second choice to User-Defined, and enter the same IP address, the second User-Defined changes to None after you click Apply. Select DNS Relay to have the NBG4104 act as a DNS proxy. The NBG4104's LAN IP address displays in the field to the right (read-only). The NBG4104 tells the DHCP clients on the LAN that the NBG4104 itself is the DNS server. When a computer on the LAN sends a DNS query to the NBG4104, the NBG4104 forwards the query to the NBG4104's system DNS server (configured in the WAN > Internet Connection screen) and relays the response back to the computer. You can only select DNS Relay for one of the three servers; if you select DNS Relay for a second or third DNS server, that choice changes to None after you click Apply. Select None if you do not want to configure DNS servers. If you do not configure a DNS server, you must know the IP address of a computer in order to access it. Apply Reset Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG4104. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. 88 NBG4104 Users Guide CHAPTER 13 NAT 13.1 Overview NAT (Network Address Translation - NAT, RFC 1631) is the translation of the IP address of a host in a packet. For example, the source address of an outgoing packet, used within one network is changed to a different IP address known within another network. The figure below is a simple illustration of a NAT network. You want to assign ports 21-25 to one, Telnet and SMTP server (A in the example), port 80 to another (B in the example) and assign a default server IP address of 192.168.1.35 to a third (C in the example). You assign the LAN IP addresses to the devices (A to D) connected to your NBG4104. The ISP assigns the WAN IP address. The NAT network appears as a single host on the Internet. All traffic coming from A to D going out to the Internet use the IP address of the NBG4104, which is 192.168.1.1. Figure 44 NAT Example A: 192.168.1.33
, Telnet, SNMP Ports 21 to 25 B: 192.168.1.34 Port 80 C: 192.168.1.35 LAN WAN 192.168.1.1 IP address assigned by ISP This chapter discusses how to configure NAT on the NBG4104. Note: You must create a firewall rule in addition to setting up NAT, to allow traffic from the WAN to be forwarded through the NBG4104. NBG4104 Users Guide 89 Chapter 13 NAT 13.2 What You Can Do Use the General screen to enable NAT and set a default server (Section 13.4 on page 92). Use the Application screen to change your NBG4104s port forwarding settings (Section 13.5 on page 92). 13.3 What You Need To Know The following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter. Inside/Outside This denotes where a host is located relative to the NBG4104, for example, the computers of your subscribers are the inside hosts, while the web servers on the Internet are the outside hosts. Global/Local This denotes the IP address of a host in a packet as the packet traverses a router, for example, the local address refers to the IP address of a host when the packet is in the local network, while the global address refers to the IP address of the host when the same packet is traveling in the WAN side. Note: Inside/outside refers to the location of a host, while global/local refers to the IP address of a host used in a packet. An inside local address (ILA) is the IP address of an inside host in a packet when the packet is still in the local network, while an inside global address (IGA) is the IP address of the same inside host when the packet is on the WAN side. The following table summarizes this information. Table 34 NAT Definitions ITEM Inside DESCRIPTION This refers to the host on the LAN. Outside This refers to the host on the WAN. Local Global This refers to the packet address (source or destination) as the packet travels on the LAN. This refers to the packet address (source or destination) as the packet travels on the WAN. Note: NAT never changes the IP address (either local or global) of an outside host. What NAT Does In the simplest form, NAT changes the source IP address in a packet received from a subscriber
(the inside local address) to another (the inside global address) before forwarding the packet to the WAN side. When the response comes back, NAT translates the destination address (the inside 90 NBG4104 Users Guide Chapter 13 NAT global address) back to the inside local address before forwarding it to the original inside host. Note that the IP address (either local or global) of an outside host is never changed. The global IP addresses for the inside hosts can be either static or dynamically assigned by the ISP. In addition, you can designate servers, for example, a web server and a telnet server, on your local network and make them accessible to the outside world. If you do not define any servers, NAT offers the additional benefit of firewall protection. With no servers defined, your NBG4104 filters out all incoming inquiries, thus preventing intruders from probing your network. For more information on IP address translation, refer to RFC 1631, The IP Network Address Translator (NAT). How NAT Works Each packet has two addresses a source address and a destination address. For outgoing packets, the ILA (Inside Local Address) is the source address on the LAN, and the IGA (Inside Global Address) is the source address on the WAN. For incoming packets, the ILA is the destination address on the LAN, and the IGA is the destination address on the WAN. NAT maps private (local) IP addresses to globally unique ones required for communication with hosts on other networks. It replaces the original IP source address in each packet and then forwards it to the Internet. The NBG4104 keeps track of the original addresses and port numbers so incoming reply packets can have their original values restored. The following figure illustrates this. Figure 45 How NAT Works NBG4104 Users Guide 91 Chapter 13 NAT 13.4 The NAT General Screen Use this screen to enable NAT and set a default server. Click Configuration > Networking > NAT to open the General screen. Figure 46 Configuration > Networking > NAT > General The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 35 Configuration > Networking > NAT > General LABEL NAT Setup DESCRIPTION Enable Network Address Translation Network Address Translation (NAT) allows the translation of an Internet protocol address used within one network (for example a private IP address used in a local network) to a different IP address known within another network (for example a public IP address used on the Internet). Select the check box to enable NAT. Default Server Setup Server IP Address In addition to the servers for specified services, NAT supports a default server. A default server receives packets from ports that are not specified in the Application screen. If you do not assign a Default Server IP address, the NBG4104 discards all packets received for ports that are not specified in the Application screen or remote management. Apply Reset Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG4104. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. 13.5 The NAT Application Screen This screen allows you to define the local servers to which the incoming services will be forwarded. To change your NBG4104s NAT application settings, click Configuration > Networking > NAT >
Application. The screen appears as shown. Note: If you do not assign a Default Server IP address in the NAT > General screen, the NBG4104 discards all packets received for ports that are not specified in this screen or remote management. 92 NBG4104 Users Guide Refer to Appendix F on page 227 for port numbers commonly used for particular services. Figure 47 Configuration > Networking > NAT > Application Chapter 13 NAT The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 36 Configuration > Networking > NAT > Application LABEL Add Application Rule DESCRIPTION Service Name Select User-Defined and type a name (of up to 31 printable characters) to identify this rule in the first field next to Service Name. Otherwise, select a predefined service in the second field next to Service Name. The predefined service name and port number(s) will display in the Service Name and Port fields. Local Port Range Enter the start and end port(s) to be forwarded. Public Port Range Protocol Select the protocol supported by this service. Choices are TCP/UDP, TCP, or UDP. Server IP Address Type the inside IP address of the server that receives packets from the port(s) specified in the Port field. Application Rules Summary
Name Local Start Port/End Port Public Start Port/
End Port This is the number of an individual port forwarding server entry. This field displays a name to identify this rule. This is the first and last internal port number that identifies a service. This is the first and last external port number that identifies a service. Protocol This is the protocol used by this service. Server IP Address This field displays the inside IP address of the server. Modify Apply Reset Click the Edit icon to display and modify an existing rule setting in the fields under Add Application Rule. Click the Remove icon to delete a rule. Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG4104. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. NBG4104 Users Guide 93 Chapter 13 NAT 94 NBG4104 Users Guide CHAPTER 14 DDNS 14.1 Overview DDNS services let you use a domain name with a dynamic IP address. 14.2 What You Need To Know The following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter. What is DDNS?
DDNS, or Dynamic DNS, allows you to update your current dynamic IP address with one or many dynamic DNS services so that anyone can contact you (in NetMeeting, CU-SeeMe, etc.). You can also access your server or Web site on your own computer using a domain name (for instance myhost.dhs.org, where myhost is a name of your choice) that will never change instead of using an IP address that changes each time you reconnect. Your friends or relatives will always be able to call you even if they don't know your IP address. DynDNS Wildcard Enabling the wildcard feature for your host causes *.yourhost.dyndns.org to be aliased to the same IP address as yourhost.dyndns.org. This feature is useful if you want to be able to use, for example, www.yourhost.dyndns.org and still reach your hostname. Note: If you have a private WAN IP address, then you cannot use Dynamic DNS. You must have a public WAN IP address. NBG4104 Users Guide 95 Chapter 14 DDNS 14.3 The DDNS General Screen To change your NBG4104s DDNS, click Configuration > Networking > DDNS. The General screen appears as shown. Figure 48 Configuration > Networking > DDNS > General The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 37 Configuration > Networking > DDNS > General LABEL Dynamic DNS Setup DESCRIPTION Enable Dynamic DNS Select this check box to use dynamic DNS. Service Provider Select the name of your Dynamic DNS service provider. Dynamic DNS Type Select the type of service that you are registered for from your Dynamic DNS service provider. Host Name User Name Password Apply Reset Enter a host names in the field provided. You can specify up to two host names in the field separated by a comma (","). Enter your user name. Enter the password assigned to you. Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG4104. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. 96 NBG4104 Users Guide CHAPTER 15 Static Route 15.1 Overview This chapter shows you how to configure static routes for your NBG4104. Each remote node specifies only the network to which the gateway is directly connected, and the NBG4104 has no knowledge of the networks beyond. For instance, the NBG4104 knows about network N2 in the following figure through remote node Router 1. However, the NBG4104 is unable to route a packet to network N3 because it doesn't know that there is a route through the same remote node Router 1 (via gateway Router 2). The static routes are for you to tell the NBG4104 about the networks beyond the remote nodes. Figure 49 Example of Static Routing Topology NBG4104 Users Guide 97 Chapter 15 Static Route 15.2 IP Static Route Screen Click Configuration > Networking > Static Route to open the IP Static Route screen. Figure 50 Configuration > Networking > Static Route > IP Static Route The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 38 Configuration > Networking > Static Route > IP Static Route LABEL Static Routing Settings DESCRIPTION Route Name Enter a the name that describes or identifies this route. Destination IP Address Enter the IP network address of the final destination. IP Subnet Netmask This is the subnet to which the routes final destination belongs. Gateway IP Address Enter the IP address of the gateway. Metric Interface Add Rule Assign a number to identify the route. Select the interface through which the traffic is routed. Click this to add the IP static route. Application Rules Summary No. Active Name Destination Gateway Metric Interface This is the number of an individual static route. The rules are always on and this is indicated by the icon. This is the name that describes or identifies this route. This parameter specifies the IP network address of the final destination. Routing is always based on network number. This is the IP address of the gateway. The gateway is a router or switch on the same network segment as the device's LAN or WAN port. The gateway helps forward packets to their destinations. This is the number assigned to the route. This is the interface through which the traffic is routed. 98 NBG4104 Users Guide Chapter 15 Static Route Table 38 Configuration > Networking > Static Route > IP Static Route (continued) LABEL Delete DESCRIPTION Click the Delete icon to remove a static route from the NBG4104. A window displays asking you to confirm that you want to delete the route. Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. NBG4104 Users Guide 99 Chapter 15 Static Route 100 NBG4104 Users Guide CHAPTER 16 VLAN Operation 16.1 Overview Use these screens to configure the VLAN ID and IEEE 802.1p priority tags for LAN to WAN and WAN to LAN traffic. 16.2 What You Can Do Use the LAN To WAN screen to control the VLAN ID and IEEE 802.1p priority tags of traffic sent from individual LAN ports (Section 16.3 on page 101). Use the WAN To LAN screen to control the VLAN ID and IEEE 802.1p priority tags of traffic sent to individual LAN ports (Section 16.4 on page 105). 16.3 LAN To WAN Screen Click Co figuration > Networking > VLAN Operation to open the LAN To WAN screen. Use this screen to control the VLAN ID and IEEE 802.1p priority tags of traffic sent from individual LAN ports. Figure 51 Configuration > Networking > VLAN Operation > LAN To WAN The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 39 Configuration > Networking > VLAN Operation > LAN To WAN LABEL Current Settings DESCRIPTION Add Class Click this to create a new classifier. NBG4104 Users Guide 101 Chapter 16 VLAN Operation Table 39 Configuration > Networking > VLAN Operation > LAN To WAN (continued) LABEL
DESCRIPTION This is the index number of the entry. Active Class Name Classification Criteria This field displays whether the classifier is active or not. A yellow bulb signifies that this classifier is active. A gray bulb signifies that this classifier is not active. This is the name of the classifier. This shows criteria specified in this classifier, for example the interface from which traffic of this class should come and the source MAC address of traffic that matches this classifier. VLAN Operation This shows the VLAN operation used for this classifier. 802.1P Mark VLAN ID Tag Modify This is the IEEE 802.1p priority level assigned to traffic of this classifier. This is the VLAN ID number assigned to traffic of this classifier. Click the Edit icon to display and modify an existing classifier setting. Click the Remove icon to delete a classifier. 102 NBG4104 Users Guide Chapter 16 VLAN Operation 16.3.1 Add/Edit VLAN Rule Click Add in the LAN to WAN screen or the Edit icon next to a classifier to open the following screen. Figure 52 LAN To WAN > Add/Edit The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 40 LAN To WAN: Add/Edit LABEL Class configuration DESCRIPTION Active Class Name Select this to enable this classifier. Enter a descriptive name of up to 15 printable English keyboard characters, not including spaces. Classification Order Select an existing number for where you want to put this classifier to move the classifier to the number you selected after clicking Apply. Select Last to put this rule in the back of the classifier list. Criteria configuration Basic NBG4104 Users Guide 103 Chapter 16 VLAN Operation Table 40 LAN To WAN: Add/Edit (continued) LABEL From Interface DESCRIPTION If you want to classify the traffic by an ingress interface, select an interface from the From Interface drop-down list box. Ether Type Select a predefined application to configure a class for the matched traffic. If you select IP, you also need to configure source or destination MAC address, IP address, DHCP options, DSCP value or the protocol type. If you select 802.1Q, you can configure an 802.1p priority level. Source Address Select the check box and enter the source IP address in dotted decimal notation. A blank source IP address means any source IP address. Subnet Mask Enter the source subnet mask. Port Range MAC MAC Mask If you select TCP or UDP in the IP Protocol field, select the check box and enter the port number(s) of the source. Select the check box and enter the source MAC address of the packet. Type the mask for the specified MAC address to determine which bits a packets MAC address should match. Enter f for each bit of the specified source MAC address that the traffics MAC address should match. Enter 0 for the bit(s) of the matched traffics MAC address, which can be of any hexadecimal character(s). For example, if you set the MAC address to 00:13:49:00:00:00 and the mask to ff:ff:ff:00:00:00, a packet with a MAC address of 00:13:49:12:34:56 matches this criteria. Select this option to exclude the packets that match the specified criteria from this classifier. Select the check box and enter the source IP address in dotted decimal notation. A blank source IP address means any source IP address. Exclude Destination Address Subnet Mask Enter the source subnet mask. Port Range MAC MAC Mask If you select TCP or UDP in the IP Protocol field, select the check box and enter the port number(s) of the source. Select the check box and enter the source MAC address of the packet. Type the mask for the specified MAC address to determine which bits a packets MAC address should match. Enter f for each bit of the specified source MAC address that the traffics MAC address should match. Enter 0 for the bit(s) of the matched traffics MAC address, which can be of any hexadecimal character(s). For example, if you set the MAC address to 00:13:49:00:00:00 and the mask to ff:ff:ff:00:00:00, a packet with a MAC address of 00:13:49:12:34:56 matches this criteria. Select this option to exclude the packets that match the specified criteria from this classifier. Exclude Others IP Protocol This field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field. Select this option and select the protocol (service type) from TCP, UDP, ICMP or IGMP. If you select User defined, enter the protocol (service type) number. DSCP This field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field. Select this option and specify a DSCP (DiffServ Code Point) number between 0 and 63 in the field provided. VLAN tag 104 NBG4104 Users Guide Chapter 16 VLAN Operation Table 40 LAN To WAN: Add/Edit (continued) LABEL VLAN Operation DESCRIPTION If you select Add, the NBG4104 treat all matched traffic untagged and add a second VLAN ID. If you select Remark VLAN ID, enter a VLAN ID number in the VLAN ID field below with which the NBG4104 replaces the VLAN ID of the frames. If you select Remark 1P, select a priority level from the 802.1P Mark field below with which the NBG4104 replaces the IEEE 802.1p priority field in the packets. If you select Remark VLAN ID and 1P, select a priority level from the 802.1P Mark field and enter a VLAN ID number in the VLAN ID field below. If you select Remove, the NBG4104 deletes the VLAN ID of the frames before forwarding them out. 802.1P Mark Select a priority level with which the NBG4104 replaces the IEEE 802.1p priority field in the packets. If you select Unchange, the NBG4104 keep the 802.1p priority field in the packets. VLAN ID Enter a VLAN ID number with which the NBG4104 replaces the VLAN ID of the frames. Cancel Apply Reset Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving. Click Apply to save your changes. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. 16.4 WAN To LAN Screen Click Configuration > Networking > VLAN Operation > WAN To LAN to open this screen. Use this screen to control the VLAN ID and IEEE 802.1p priority tags of traffic sent to individual LAN ports. Figure 53 Configuration > Networking > VLAN Operation > WAN To LAN NBG4104 Users Guide 105 Chapter 16 VLAN Operation The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 41 Configuration > Networking > VLAN Operation > WAN To LAN LABEL Lan Port DESCRIPTION These represent the NBG4104s LAN ports. TAG Operation Select what you want the NBG4104 to do to the IEEE 802.1q VLAN ID and priority tags of downstream traffic before sending it out through this LAN port. Unchange - Dont do anything to the traffics VLAN ID and priority tags. Add - Add VLAN ID and priority tags to untagged traffic. Remark VLAN ID - Change the value of the outer VLAN ID. Remark 1P - Change the value of the priority tags. Remark VLAN ID and 1P - Change the value of the outer VLAN ID and priority tags. Remove - Delete one tag from tagged traffic. If the frame has double tags, this removes the outer tag. This does not affect untagged traffic. Use this option to set what to do for the IEEE 802.1p priority tags when you add or remark the tags for a LAN ports downstream traffic. Either select Unchange to not modify the traffics priority tags or select an priority from 0 to 7 to use. The larger the number, the higher the priority. If you will add or remark tags for this LAN ports downstream traffic, specify the VLAN ID (from 0 to 4094) to use here. Click Apply to save your changes. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. 802.1P Mark VLAN ID Apply Reset 106 NBG4104 Users Guide CHAPTER 17 Interface Group 17.1 Overview By default, all LAN and WAN interfaces on the NBG4104 are in the same group and can communicate with each other. You can create multiple groups to have the NBG4104 assign the IP addresses in different domains to different groups. Each group acts as an independent network on the NBG4104. 17.2 The Interface Group Screen You can manually add a LAN interface or a VLAN ID to a new group. Click Configuration >
Networking > Interface Group to open the following screen. Figure 54 Configuration > Networking > Interface Group The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 42 Configuration > Networking > Interface Group LABEL Add DESCRIPTION Click this to add a new interface grouping rule. You must configure a WAN connection before you can add a new interface grouping rule. See Chapter 10 on page 69 for more information. Name This shows the descriptive name of the group. LAN Interfaces This shows the LAN interfaces in the group. VLAN This shows the VLAN ID configured in the group. NBG4104 Users Guide 107 Chapter 17 Interface Group Table 42 Configuration > Networking > Interface Group (continued) LABEL WAN Interfaces DESCRIPTION This shows the WAN interfaces in the group. Modify Select the Delete icon to delete the group from the NBG4104. 17.2.1 Interface Group Configuration Click the Add button in the Interface Group screen to open the following screen. Use this screen to create a new interface group. Note: An interface can belong to a group only. Figure 55 Interface Grouping Configuration The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 43 Interface Grouping Configuration LABEL Group Name DESCRIPTION Enter a name to identify this group. WAN Interfaces used in the grouping Select the WAN interface this group uses. The group can have up to one PTM interface and up to one ATM interface. 108 NBG4104 Users Guide Chapter 17 Interface Group Table 43 Interface Grouping Configuration (continued) LABEL Grouped LAN Interfaces DESCRIPTION Select a LAN or WAN interface in Available LAN Interfaces and use the left-facing arrow to move it to the Grouped LAN Interfaces to add the interface to this group. Available LAN Interfaces Grouped VLAN To remove a LAN or WAN interface from the Grouped LAN Interfaces, select it and click the right-facing arrow. Enter a VLAN ID in the VLAN ID field and use the left-facing arrow to move it to the Grouped VLAN to add it to a VLAN group. To remove a VLAN ID from the Grouped VLAN, select it and click the right-facing arrow. Apply Cancel Click Apply to save your changes. Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh. NBG4104 Users Guide 109 Chapter 17 Interface Group 110 NBG4104 Users Guide CHAPTER 18 Firewall 18.1 Overview Use these screens to enable and configure the firewall that protects your NBG4104 and your LAN from unwanted or malicious traffic. Enable the firewall to protect your LAN computers from attacks by hackers on the Internet and control access between the LAN and WAN. By default the firewall:
allows traffic that originates from your LAN computers to go to all of the networks. blocks traffic that originates on the other networks from going to the LAN. The following figure illustrates the default firewall action. User A can initiate an IM (Instant Messaging) session from the LAN to the WAN (1). Return traffic for this session is also allowed (2). However other traffic initiated from the WAN is blocked (3 and 4). Figure 56 Default Firewall Action LAN WAN A 1 2 3 4 18.2 What You Can Do Use the General screen to enable or disable the NBG4104s firewall (Section 18.4 on page 113). Use the Access Control Rule screen to view the configured access control rules and edit or remove a rule (Section 18.5.1 on page 115). Use the Services screen to configure the NBG4104s ICMP settings (Section 18.6 on page 116). NBG4104 Users Guide 111 Chapter 18 Firewall 18.3 What You Need To Know The following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter. What is a Firewall?
Originally, the term firewall referred to a construction technique designed to prevent the spread of fire from one room to another. The networking term "firewall" is a system or group of systems that enforces an access-control policy between two networks. It may also be defined as a mechanism used to protect a trusted network from a network that is not trusted. Of course, firewalls cannot solve every security problem. A firewall is one of the mechanisms used to establish a network security perimeter in support of a network security policy. It should never be the only mechanism or method employed. For a firewall to guard effectively, you must design and deploy it appropriately. This requires integrating the firewall into a broad information-security policy. In addition, specific policies must be implemented within the firewall itself. Stateful Inspection Firewall Stateful inspection firewalls restrict access by screening data packets against defined access rules. They make access control decisions based on IP address and protocol. They also "inspect" the session data to assure the integrity of the connection and to adapt to dynamic protocols. These firewalls generally provide the best speed and transparency; however, they may lack the granular application level access control or caching that some proxies support. Firewalls, of one type or another, have become an integral part of standard security solutions for enterprises. About the NBG4104 Firewall The NBG4104s firewall feature physically separates the LAN and the WAN and acts as a secure gateway for all data passing between the networks. It is a stateful inspection firewall and is designed to protect against Denial of Service attacks when activated (click the General tab under Firewall and then click the Enable Firewall check box). The NBG4104's purpose is to allow a private Local Area Network (LAN) to be securely connected to the Internet. The NBG4104 can be used to prevent theft, destruction and modification of data, as well as log events, which may be important to the security of your network. The NBG4104 is installed between the LAN and a broadband modem connecting to the Internet. This allows it to act as a secure gateway for all data passing between the Internet and the LAN. The NBG4104 has one Ethernet WAN port and four Ethernet LAN ports, which are used to physically separate the network into two areas.The WAN (Wide Area Network) port attaches to the broadband
(cable or DSL) modem to the Internet. The LAN (Local Area Network) port attaches to a network of computers, which needs security from the outside world. These computers will have access to Internet services such as e-mail, and the World Wide Web. However, "inbound access" is not allowed (by default) unless the remote host is authorized to use a specific service. Guidelines For Enhancing Security With Your Firewall 1 Change the default password via Web Configurator. 112 NBG4104 Users Guide Chapter 18 Firewall 2 3 Think about access control before you connect to the network in any way, including attaching a modem to the port. Limit who can access your router. 4 Don't enable any local service (such as NTP) that you don't use. Any enabled service could present a potential security risk. A determined hacker might be able to find creative ways to misuse the enabled services to access the firewall or the network. 5 6 7 For local services that are enabled, protect against misuse. Protect by configuring the services to communicate only with specific peers, and protect by configuring rules to block packets for the services at specific interfaces. Protect against IP spoofing by making sure the firewall is active. Keep the firewall in a secured (locked) room. 18.4 The Firewall General Screen Use this screen to enable or disable the NBG4104s firewall, and set up firewall logs. Click Configuration > Security > Firewall to open the General screen. Figure 57 Configuration > Security > Firewall > General l The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 44 Configuration > Security > Firewall > General LABEL Enable Firewall DESCRIPTION Select this check box to activate the firewall. The NBG4104 performs access control and protects against Denial of Service (DoS) attacks when the firewall is activated. Enable Anti-DoS Attack Apply Reset Select this check box to activate the Anti-Dos Attack function. Click Apply to save the settings. Click Reset to start configuring this screen again. NBG4104 Users Guide 113 Chapter 18 Firewall 18.5 The Access Control Rule Screen Click Configuration > Security > Firewall > Access Control Rule to display the following screen. This screen displays a list of the configured access control rules. Figure 58 Configuration > Security > Firewall > Access Control Rule The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 45 Configuration > Security > Firewall > Access Control Rule LABEL Application Rules Summary DESCRIPTION Packet Direction Firewall Rule
Name Select the direction of traffic (WAN to LAN or WAN to WAN) to which this rule applies. This is your firewall rule number. The ordering of your rules is important as rules are applied in turn. This displays the name of the rule. Source MAC This is the source MAC address of the rule. Dest IP Source IP Protocol This column displays the destination addresses to which this firewall rule applies. This column displays the source addresses to which this firewall rule applies. This displays the IP port that defines your customized port. Dest. Port Range This column displays the port number or the range of port numbers of the destination. Source Port Range This column displays the port number or the range of port numbers of the source. Action Delete This field displays whether the rule silently discards packets (Drop) or allows the passage of packets (Allow). Click the Edit icon to display and modify an existing firewall rule setting. Click the Remove icon to delete a firewall rule. 114 NBG4104 Users Guide Chapter 18 Firewall Table 45 Configuration > Security > Firewall > Access Control Rule (continued) LABEL Apply DESCRIPTION Click Apply to save the settings. Reset Click Reset to start configuring this screen again. 18.5.1 Access Control Rule Edit Click the Edit icon next to a firewall rule in the Access Control Rule screen. The following screen is displayed. You can use this screen to modify a rule. Figure 59 Access Control Rule: Edit The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 46 Access Control Rule: Edit LABEL DESCRIPTION Enter a descriptive name for the rule. Rule Name Source MAC Enter the source MAC address of the rule. Dest IP Source IP Protocol Type Enter the destination addresses to which this rule applies. Enter the source addresses to which this rule applies. Choose the IP port (TCP, UDP, or ICMP) that defines your customized port from the drop-down list box. If you do not want to configure the IP port, select None. Dest. Port Range Enter the port number or the range of port numbers of the destination. Source Port Range Enter the port number or the range of port numbers of the source. Action Select the action for the rule:
Apply Reset Drop: silently discards packets. Allow: allows the passage of packets. Click Apply to save the settings. Click Reset to start configuring this screen again. See Appendix F on page 227 for commonly used services and port numbers. NBG4104 Users Guide 115 Chapter 18 Firewall 18.6 The Services Screen If an outside user attempts to probe an unsupported port on your NBG4104, an ICMP response packet is automatically returned. This allows the outside user to know the NBG4104 exists. Use this screen to prevent the ICMP response packet from being sent. This keeps outsiders from discovering your NBG4104 when unsupported ports are probed. Click Configuration > Security > Firewall > Services to display the following screen. Figure 60 Configuration > Security > Firewall > Services The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 47 Configuration > Security > Firewall > Services LABEL ICMP DESCRIPTION Internet Control Message Protocol is a message control and error-reporting protocol between a host server and a gateway to the Internet. ICMP uses Internet Protocol (IP) datagrams, but the messages are processed by the TCP/IP software and directly apparent to the application user. Respond to Ping on The NBG4104 will not respond to any incoming Ping requests when Disable is selected. Select LAN to reply to incoming LAN Ping requests. Select WAN to reply to incoming WAN Ping requests. Otherwise select LAN & WAN to reply to all incoming LAN and WAN Ping requests. Apply Reset Click Apply to save the settings. Click Reset to start configuring this screen again. 116 NBG4104 Users Guide CHAPTER 19 Content Filtering 19.1 Overview This chapter provides a brief overview of content filtering using the embedded web GUI. Internet content filtering allows you to create and enforce Internet access policies tailored to your needs. Content filtering is the ability to block certain web features or specific URL keywords. 19.2 What You Need To Know The following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter. Content Filtering Profiles Content filtering allows you to block certain web features, such as cookies, and/or block access to specific web sites. For example, you can configure one policy that blocks John Does access to arts and entertainment web pages. A content filtering profile conveniently stores your custom settings for the following features. Keyword Blocking URL Checking The NBG4104 checks the URLs domain name (or IP address) and file path separately when performing keyword blocking. The URLs domain name or IP address is the characters that come before the first slash in the URL. For example, with the URL www.zyxel.com.tw/news/pressroom.php, the domain name is www.zyxel.com.tw. The file path is the characters that come after the first slash in the URL. For example, with the URL www.zyxel.com.tw/news/pressroom.php, the file path is news/pressroom.php. Since the NBG4104 checks the URLs domain name (or IP address) and file path separately, it will not find items that go across the two. For example, with the URL www.zyxel.com.tw/news/
pressroom.php, the NBG4104 would find tw in the domain name (www.zyxel.com.tw). It would also find news in the file path (news/pressroom.php) but it would not find tw/news. NBG4104 Users Guide 117 Chapter 19 Content Filtering 19.3 Content Filter Use this screen to restrict web features, add keywords for blocking and designate a trusted computer. Click Configuration > Security > Content Filter to open the Content Filter screen. Figure 61 Configuration > Security > Content Filter The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 48 Configuration > Security > Content Filter LABEL Trusted Computer IP Address DESCRIPTION To enable this feature, type an IP address of any one of the computers in your network that you want to have as a trusted computer. This allows the trusted computer to have full access to all features that are configured to be blocked by content filtering. Restrict Web Features ActiveX Java Cookies Web Proxy Leave this field blank to have no trusted computers. Select the box(es) to restrict a feature. When you download a page containing a restricted feature, that part of the web page will appear blank or grayed out. A tool for building dynamic and active Web pages and distributed object applications. When you visit an ActiveX Web site, ActiveX controls are downloaded to your browser, where they remain in case you visit the site again. A programming language and development environment for building downloadable Web components or Internet and intranet business applications of all kinds. Used by Web servers to track usage and provide service based on ID. A server that acts as an intermediary between a user and the Internet to provide security, administrative control, and caching service. When a proxy server is located on the WAN it is possible for LAN users to circumvent content filtering by pointing to this proxy server. 118 NBG4104 Users Guide Chapter 19 Content Filtering Table 48 Configuration > Security > Content Filter (continued) LABEL Enable URL Keyword Blocking DESCRIPTION The NBG4104 can block Web sites with URLs that contain certain keywords in the domain name or IP address. For example, if the keyword "bad" was enabled, all sites containing this keyword in the domain name or IP address will be blocked, e.g., URL http://www.website.com/bad.html would be blocked. Select this check box to enable this feature. Keyword Add Type a keyword in this field. You may use any character (up to 64 characters). Wildcards are not allowed. You can also enter a numerical IP address. Click Add after you have typed a keyword. Repeat this procedure to add other keywords. Up to 64 keywords are allowed. When you try to access a web page containing a keyword, you will get a message telling you that the content filter is blocking this request. Keyword List This list displays the keywords already added. Delete Clear All Apply Reset Highlight a keyword in the lower box and click Delete to remove it. The keyword disappears from the text box after you click Apply. Click this button to remove all of the listed keywords. Click Apply to save your changes. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh 19.4 Technical Reference The following section contains additional technical information about the NBG4104 features described in this chapter. 19.4.1 Customizing Keyword Blocking URL Checking You can use commands to set how much of a websites URL the content filter is to check for keyword blocking. See the appendices for information on how to access and use the command interpreter. Domain Name or IP Address URL Checking By default, the NBG4104 checks the URLs domain name or IP address when performing keyword blocking. This means that the NBG4104 checks the characters that come before the first slash in the URL. For example, with the URL www.zyxel.com.tw/news/pressroom.php, content filtering only searches for keywords within www.zyxel.com.tw. Full Path URL Checking Full path URL checking has the NBG4104 check the characters that come before the last slash in the URL. For example, with the URL www.zyxel.com.tw/news/pressroom.php, full path URL checking searches for keywords within www.zyxel.com.tw/news/. NBG4104 Users Guide 119 Chapter 19 Content Filtering Use the ip urlfilter customize actionFlags 6 [disable | enable] command to extend (or not extend) the keyword blocking search to include the URL's full path. File Name URL Checking Filename URL checking has the NBG4104 check all of the characters in the URL. For example, filename URL checking searches for keywords within the URL www.zyxel.com.tw/
news/pressroom.php. Use the ip urlfilter customize actionFlags 8 [disable | enable] command to extend (or not extend) the keyword blocking search to include the URL's complete filename. 120 NBG4104 Users Guide CHAPTER 20 Remote Management 20.1 Overview This chapter provides information on the Remote Management screens. Remote Management allows you to manage your NBG4104 from a remote location through the following interfaces:
LAN and WAN LAN only Note: The NBG4104 is managed using the Web Configurator. 20.2 What You Need to Know Remote management over LAN or WAN will not work when:
1 2 3 The IP address in the Secured Client IP Address field (Section 20.4 on page 122) does not match the client IP address. If it does not match, the NBG4104 will disconnect the session immediately. There is already another remote management session. You may only have one remote management session running at one time. There is a firewall rule that blocks it. 20.2.1 Remote Management and NAT When NAT is enabled:
Use the NBG4104s WAN IP address when configuring from the WAN. Use the NBG4104s LAN IP address when configuring from the LAN. 20.3 What You Can Do Use the WWW screen to configure through which interface(s) and from which IP address(es) users can use HTTP or HTTPs to manage the NBG4104 (Section 20.4 on page 122). Use the Telnet screen to configure through which interface(s) and from which IP address(es) users can use Telnet to manage the NBG4104 (Section 20.5 on page 123). NBG4104 Users Guide 121 Chapter 20 Remote Management Use the FTP screen to configure through which interface(s) and from which IP address(es) users can use to access the NBG4104 (Section 20.6 on page 124). Your NBG4104 can act as an SNMP agent, which allows a manager station to manage and monitor the NBG4104 through the network. Use the SNMP screen to configure SNMP settings. You can also specify from which IP addresses the access can come (Section 20.7 on page 124). Use the TR069 screen to configure the NBG4104s TR-069 auto-configuration settings (Section 20.8 on page 127). Use the Import CA screen to import CA certificates to the NBG4104 (Section 20.9 on page 128). 20.4 The WWW Screen To change your NBG4104s remote management settings, click Configuration > Management >
Remote MGMT to open the WWW screen. Figure 62 Configuration > Management > Remote MGMT > WWW The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 49 Configuration > Management > Remote MGMT > WWW LABEL HTTPS DESCRIPTION Server Port Server Access Secured Client IP Address HTTP Server Port Server Access You may change the server port number for a HTTPS service if needed. However you must use the same port number in order to use that service for remote management. Select the interface(s) through which a computer may access the NBG4104 using this HTTPS service. Select All to allow all computers to access the NBG4104. Otherwise, check Selected and specify the IP address of the computer that can access the NBG4104. You may change the server port number for a HTTP service if needed. However you must use the same port number in order to use that service for remote management. Select the interface(s) through which a computer may access the NBG4104 using this HTTP service. 122 NBG4104 Users Guide Chapter 20 Remote Management Table 49 Configuration > Management > Remote MGMT > WWW (continued) LABEL Secured Client IP Address DESCRIPTION Select All to allow all computers to access the NBG4104. Otherwise, check Selected and specify the IP address of the computer that can access the NBG4104. Apply Reset Click Apply to save your customized settings and exit this screen. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. 20.5 The Telnet Screen You can use Telnet to access the NBG4104s command line interface. Specify which interfaces allow Telnet access and from which IP address the access can come. Click Configuration > Management > Remote MGMT > Telnet to display the screen as shown. Figure 63 Configuration > Management > Remote MGMT > Telnet The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 50 Configuration > Management > Remote MGMT > Telnet LABEL TELNET DESCRIPTION Server Port Server Access Secured Client IP Address You may change the server port number for a service if needed. However you must use the same port number in order to use that service for remote management. Select the interface(s) through which a computer may access the NBG4104 using this service. Select All to allow all computers to access the NBG4104. Otherwise, check Selected and specify the IP address of the computer that can access the NBG4104. Apply Reset Click Apply to save your customized settings and exit this screen. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. NBG4104 Users Guide 123 Chapter 20 Remote Management 20.6 The FTP Screen Use this screen to specify which interfaces allow access and from which IP address the access can come. To change your NBG4604s settings, click Configuration > Management > Remote MGMT > to display the screen as shown. Figure 64 Configuration > Management > Remote MGMT > FTP The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 51 Configuration > Management > Remote MGMT > FTP LABEL DESCRIPTION Server Port Server Access Secured Client IP Address You may change the server port number for a service if needed. However you must use the same port number in order to use that service for remote management. Select the interface(s) through which a computer may access the NBG4104 using this service. Select All to allow all computers to access the NBG4104. Otherwise, check Selected and specify the IP address of the computer that can access the NBG4104. Apply Reset Click Apply to save your customized settings and exit this screen. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. 20.7 The SNMP Screen Simple Network Management Protocol is a protocol used for exchanging management information between network devices. Your NBG4104 supports SNMP agent functionality, which allows a manager station to manage and monitor the NBG4104 through the network. The NBG4104 124 NBG4104 Users Guide Chapter 20 Remote Management supports SNMP version one (SNMPv1) and version two (SNMPv2c). The next figure illustrates an SNMP management operation. Figure 65 SNMP Management Model An SNMP managed network consists of two main types of component: agents and a manager. An agent is a management software module that resides in a managed device (the NBG4104). An agent translates the local management information from the managed device into a form compatible with SNMP. The manager is the console through which network administrators perform network management functions. It executes applications that control and monitor managed devices. The managed devices contain object variables/managed objects that define each piece of information to be collected about a device. Examples of variables include such as number of packets received, node port status etc. A Management Information Base (MIB) is a collection of managed objects. SNMP allows a manager and agents to communicate for the purpose of accessing these objects. SNMP itself is a simple request/response protocol based on the manager/agent model. The manager issues a request and the agent returns responses using the following protocol operations:
Get - Allows the manager to retrieve an object variable from the agent. GetNext - Allows the manager to retrieve the next object variable from a table or list within an agent. In SNMPv1, when a manager wants to retrieve all elements of a table from an agent, it initiates a Get operation, followed by a series of GetNext operations. Set - Allows the manager to set values for object variables within an agent. Trap - Used by the agent to inform the manager of some events. NBG4104 Users Guide 125 Chapter 20 Remote Management To change your NBG4104s SNMP settings, click Configuration > Management > Remote MGMT
> SNMP to display the screen as shown. Figure 66 Configuration > Management > Remote MGMT > SNMP The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 52 Configuration > Management > Remote MGMT > SNMP LABEL SNMP Settings DESCRIPTION Server Port The SNMP agent listens on port 161 by default. If you change the SNMP server port to a different number on the NBG4104, for example 8161, then you must notify people who need to access the NBG4104 SNMP agent to use the same port. Server Access Select the interface(s) through which a computer may access the NBG4104 using this service. Secured Client IP Address SNMP Settings Select All to allow all computers to access the NBG4104. Otherwise, check Selected and specify the IP address of the computer that can access the NBG4104. Enable SNMP Select this to enable SNMP on this device. Get Community Enter the SNMP get community information here. Set Community Enter the SNMP set community information here. System Location Enter the SNMP system location. System Contact Enter the SNMP system contact. Trap Settings Trap Settings Select this to enable trap settings on this device. Trap Manager IP Type the IP address of the station to send your SNMP traps to. Trap Community Type the trap community, which is the password sent with each trap to the SNMP manager. The default is public and allows all requests. 126 NBG4104 Users Guide Chapter 20 Remote Management Table 52 Configuration > Management > Remote MGMT > SNMP (continued) LABEL Apply DESCRIPTION Click Apply to save your customized settings and exit this screen. Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. 20.8 The TR069 Screen TR-069 defines how Customer Premise Equipment (CPE), for example your ZyXEL Device, can be managed over the WAN by an Auto Configuration Server (ACS). TR-069 is based on sending Remote Procedure Calls (RPCs) between an ACS and a client device. RPCs are sent in Extensible Markup Language (XML) format over HTTP or HTTPS. An administrator can use an ACS to remotely set up the NBG4104, modify settings, perform firmware upgrades as well as monitor and diagnose the NBG4104. You have to enable the device to be managed by the ACS and specify the ACS IP address or domain name and username and password. Click Configuration > Management > Remote MGMT > TR069 to display the screen as shown. Use this screen to configure your NBG4104 to be managed by an ACS. Figure 67 Configuration > Management > Remote MGMT > TR069 The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 53 Configuration > Management > Remote MGMT > TR069 LABEL TR069 Client DESCRIPTION Inform Select Enable for the NBG4104 to send periodic inform via TR-069 on the WAN. Otherwise, select Disable. Inform Interval Enter the time interval (in seconds) at which the NBG4104 sends information to the auto-configuration server. ACS URL Enter the URL or IP address of the auto-configuration server. ACS Username Enter the TR-069 user name for authentication with the auto-configuration server. ACS Password Enter the TR-069 password for authentication with the auto-configuration server. NBG4104 Users Guide 127 Chapter 20 Remote Management Table 53 Configuration > Management > Remote MGMT > TR069 (continued) LABEL Connection Request Username DESCRIPTION Enter the connection request user name. When the ACS makes a connection request to the NBG4104, this user name is used to authenticate the ACS. Connection Request Password Enter the connection request password. When the ACS makes a connection request to the NBG4104, this password is used to authenticate the ACS. Apply Reset Click Apply to save your customized settings and exit this screen. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. 20.9 The Import CA Screen The NBG4104 can use certificates (also called digital IDs) to authenticate users. Certificates are based on public-private key pairs. A certificate contains the certificate owners identity and public key. Certificates provide a way to exchange public keys for use in authentication. Click Configuration > Management > Remote MGMT > Import CA to open the following. You can view or import a certificate in this screen. Figure 68 Configuration > Management > Remote MGMT > Import CA 128 NBG4104 Users Guide The following table describes the labels in this screen. Chapter 20 Remote Management Table 54 Configuration > Management > Remote MGMT > Import CA LABEL Import CA Certificate DESCRIPTION You can view the details of a certificate that is already imported. If you want to change it, you can delete the old certificate and copy the new certificate of a certification authority that you trust and paste it in the space between BEGIN CERTIFICATE and END CERTIFICATE. Apply Reset Click Apply to save your customized settings and exit this screen. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. NBG4104 Users Guide 129 CHAPTER 21 Bandwidth Management 21.1 Overview This chapter contains information about configuring bandwidth management and editing rules. ZyXELs Bandwidth Management allows you to specify bandwidth management rules based on an application. In the figure below, uplink traffic goes from the LAN device (A) to the WAN device (B). Bandwidth management is applied before sending the packets out to the WAN. Figure 69 Bandwidth Management Uplink Bandwidth MGMT A B You can allocate specific amounts of bandwidth capacity (bandwidth budgets) to individual applications (like VoIP, Web, and E-mail for example). 21.2 What You Can Do Use the General screen to enable bandwidth management and assign uplink limits (Section 21.4 on page 131). Use the Advanced screen to configure bandwidth management rules for the pre-defined services and applications (Section 21.5 on page 132). 21.3 What You Need To Know The following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter. NBG4104 Users Guide 130 Chapter 21 Bandwidth Management Bandwidth Limiting You can limit an applications uplink bandwidth. This limit keeps the traffic from using up too much of the out-going interfaces bandwidth. This way you can make sure there is bandwidth for other applications. Use the following guidelines:
The sum of the bandwidth allotments that apply to the WAN interface (LAN to WAN, WLAN to WAN) must be less than or equal to the Uplink value that you configure in the Bandwidth Management General screen. 21.4 The Bandwidth MGMT General Screen Use this screen to enable bandwidth management and assign uplink limits. You can use either one of the following types:
Priority Queue. Enable bandwidth management to give uplink traffic that matches a bandwidth rule priority over traffic that does not match a bandwidth rule. (This type does not apply to downlink traffic.) Bandwidth Allocation. Enabling bandwidth management also allows you to control the maximum or minimum amounts of bandwidth that can be used by traffic that matches a bandwidth rule. Note: You cannot apply both bandwidth management types at the same time. Click Configuration > Management > Bandwidth MGMT to open the bandwidth management General screen. Figure 70 Configuration > Management > Bandwidth MGMT > General NBG4104 Users Guide 131 Chapter 21 Bandwidth Management The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 55 Configuration > Management > Bandwidth MGMT > General LABEL Service Management DESCRIPTION Bandwidth Management Type This field allows you to have NBG4104 apply bandwidth management. Select Disable if you do not want to use this feature. Select Priority Queue to allocate bandwidth based on the pre-defined priority assigned to an application. Refer to Section 21.5 on page 132. Select Bandwidth Allocation allocate specific amounts of bandwidth to specific protocols on an IP or IP range. Refer to Section 21.5 on page 132. Total Bandwidth Upstream Select the total amount of bandwidth (from 32kbps to 100mbps) that you want to dedicate to upstream traffic. Apply Reset Click Apply to save your customized settings. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. 21.5 The Bandwidth MGMT Advanced Screen Use this screen to configure bandwidth managements rule for specific protocols on an IP or IP range. Note: This screen contains the Priority Queue and Bandwidth Allocation tables. Though both tables are described in this section, you can only apply the rules in one table. Fill out the table of the Bandwidth Management Type you selected in the Bandwidth MGMT General screen. 132 NBG4104 Users Guide Chapter 21 Bandwidth Management Click Configuration > Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Advanced to open the bandwidth management Advanced screen. Figure 71 Configuration > Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Advanced The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 56 Configuration > Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Advanced LABEL Priority Queue DESCRIPTION
Enable This is the number of an individual bandwidth management rule. A yellow bulb indicates this rule is active. A gray bulb indicates it is disabled. Service Name Enter the name of the service. You can also enter the name (up to 10 keyboard characters) of a service you want to add in the priority queue (for example, Messenger). Priority Select a priority from the drop down list box. Choose from 1 to 4 (1 is the highest). NBG4104 Users Guide 133 Chapter 21 Bandwidth Management Table 56 Configuration > Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Advanced (continued) LABEL Specific Port DESCRIPTION Select the port/s assigned to the service. You can also specify the port/s to services to which you want to allocate bandwidth. Choose either TCP&UDP, TCP or UDP in the drop-down menu and enter the port or range of ports in the provided boxes. Note: If you are entering a specific port and not a range of ports, you can either leave the second port field blank or enter the same port number again. Bandwidth Allocation Use this table to allocate specific amounts of bandwidth to specific protocols on an IP or IP range.
Enable This is the number of an individual bandwidth management rule. A yellow bulb indicates this rule is active. A gray bulb indicates it is disabled. LAN IP Range This displays the range of IP addresses for which the bandwidth management rule applies. Port Range Rate Limit Modify Apply Reset This displays the range of ports for which the bandwidth management rule applies. This is the maximum or minimum bandwidth allowed (refer to the field above) for the rule in bits per second. Click the Edit icon to open the Bandwidth Allocation Edit screen. Modify an existing rule or create a new rule in this screen. See Section 21.5.1 on page 134 for more information. Click the Delete icon to delete a rule. Click Apply to save your customized settings. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. 21.5.1 User Defined Service Rule Configuration If you want to edit a bandwidth management rule for specific protocols on an IP or IP range, click the Edit icon in the Bandwidth Allocation table of the Advanced screen. The following screen displays. Figure 72 Advanced: Bandwidth Allocation Edit The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 57 Advanced: Bandwidth Allocation Edit LABEL Active DESCRIPTION Select this check box to turn on this bandwidth management rule. LAN IP Range Specify the range of IP addresses for which the bandwidth management rule applies. Protocol Select the protocol (TCP&UDP, TCP, or UDP) for which the bandwidth management rule applies. 134 NBG4104 Users Guide Chapter 21 Bandwidth Management Table 57 Advanced: Bandwidth Allocation Edit (continued) LABEL Port Range DESCRIPTION Enter the range of ports for which the bandwidth management rule applies. Max Rate (bps) Select the maximum bandwidth allowed for the rule in bits per second from the drop-list. Otherwise, select User Defined and enter the rate manually. Apply Reset Cancel Click Apply to save your customized settings. Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen. Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh. 21.5.2 Services and Port Numbers See Appendix F on page 227 for commonly used services and port numbers. NBG4104 Users Guide 135 CHAPTER 22 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 22.1 Overview This chapter introduces the UPnP feature in the web configurator. Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) is a distributed, open networking standard that uses TCP/IP for simple peer-to-peer network connectivity between devices. A UPnP device can dynamically join a network, obtain an IP address, convey its capabilities and learn about other devices on the network. In turn, a device can leave a network smoothly and automatically when it is no longer in use. 22.2 What You Need to Know UPnP hardware is identified as an icon in the Network Connections folder (Windows XP). Each UPnP compatible device installed on your network will appear as a separate icon. Selecting the icon of a UPnP device will allow you to access the information and properties of that device. 22.2.1 NAT Traversal UPnP NAT traversal automates the process of allowing an application to operate through NAT. UPnP network devices can automatically configure network addressing, announce their presence in the network to other UPnP devices and enable exchange of simple product and service descriptions. NAT traversal allows the following:
Dynamic port mapping Learning public IP addresses Assigning lease times to mappings Windows Messenger is an example of an application that supports NAT traversal and UPnP. See the NAT chapter for more information on NAT. 22.2.2 Cautions with UPnP The automated nature of NAT traversal applications in establishing their own services and opening firewall ports may present network security issues. Network information and configuration may also be obtained and modified by users in some network environments. When a UPnP device joins a network, it announces its presence with a multicast message. For security reasons, the NBG4104 allows multicast messages on the LAN only. NBG4104 Users Guide 136 All UPnP-enabled devices may communicate freely with each other without additional configuration. Disable UPnP if this is not your intention. Chapter 22 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 22.3 UPnP Screen Use this screen to enable UPnP on your NBG4104. Click Configuration > Management > UPnP to display the screen shown next. Figure 73 Configuration > Management > UPnP The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 58 Configuration > Management > UPnP LABEL Enable the Universal Plug and Play
(UPnP) Feature DESCRIPTION Select this check box to activate UPnP. Be aware that anyone could use a UPnP application to open the web configurator's login screen without entering the NBG4104's IP address
(although you must still enter the password to access the web configurator). Apply Reset Click Apply to save the setting to the NBG4104. Click Reset to return to the previously saved settings. 22.4 Technical Reference The sections show examples of using UPnP. 22.4.1 Using UPnP in Windows XP Example This section shows you how to use the UPnP feature in Windows XP. You must already have UPnP installed in Windows XP and UPnP activated on the NBG4104. Make sure the computer is connected to a LAN port of the NBG4104. Turn on your computer and the NBG4104. 22.4.1.1 Auto-discover Your UPnP-enabled Network Device 1 Click start and Control Panel. Double-click Network Connections. An icon displays under Internet Gateway. NBG4104 Users Guide 137 Chapter 22 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 2 Right-click the icon and select Properties. Figure 74 Network Connections 3 In the Internet Connection Properties window, click Settings to see the port mappings there were automatically created. Figure 75 Internet Connection Properties 138 NBG4104 Users Guide 4 You may edit or delete the port mappings or click Add to manually add port mappings. Figure 76 Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings Chapter 22 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) Figure 77 Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings: Add Note: When the UPnP-enabled device is disconnected from your computer, all port mappings will be deleted automatically. 5 Select Show icon in notification area when connected option and click OK. An icon displays in the system tray. Figure 78 System Tray Icon NBG4104 Users Guide 139 Chapter 22 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 6 Double-click on the icon to display your current Internet connection status. Figure 79 Internet Connection Status 22.4.2 Web Configurator Easy Access With UPnP, you can access the web-based configurator on the NBG4104 without finding out the IP address of the NBG4104 first. This comes helpful if you do not know the IP address of the NBG4104. Follow the steps below to access the web configurator. 1 Click Start and then Control Panel. 2 Double-click Network Connections. 140 NBG4104 Users Guide 3 Select My Network Places under Other Places. Figure 80 Network Connections Chapter 22 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 4 5 An icon with the description for each UPnP-enabled device displays under Local Network. Right-click on the icon for your NBG4104 and select Invoke. The web configurator login screen displays. Figure 81 Network Connections: My Network Places NBG4104 Users Guide 141 Chapter 22 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 6 Right-click on the icon for your NBG4104 and select Properties. A properties window displays with basic information about the NBG4104. Figure 82 Network Connections: My Network Places: Properties: Example 142 NBG4104 Users Guide CHAPTER 23 Maintenance 23.1 Overview This chapter provides information on the Maintenance screens. 23.2 What You Can Do Use the General screen to set the timeout period of the management session (Section 23.3 on page 143). Use the Password screen to change your NBG4104s system password (Section 23.4 on page 144). Use the Time screen to change your NBG4104s time and date (Section 23.5 on page 145). Use the Firmware Upgrade screen to upload firmware to your NBG4104 (Section 23.6 on page 146). Use the Backup/Restore screen to view information related to factory defaults, backup configuration, and restoring configuration (Section 23.8 on page 148). Use the Restart screen to reboot the NBG4104 without turning the power off (Section 23.8 on page 148). Use the Sys OP Mode screen to select how you want to use your NBG4104 (Section 23.10 on page 150). 23.3 General Screen Use this screen to set the management session timeout period. Click Maintenance > General. The following screen displays. Figure 83 Maintenance > General NBG4104 Users Guide 143 Chapter 23 Maintenance The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 59 Maintenance > General LABEL System Name DESCRIPTION System Name is a unique name to identify the NBG4104 in an Ethernet network. Domain Name Enter the domain name you want to give to the NBG4104. Administrator Inactivity Timer Type how many minutes a management session can be left idle before the session times out. The default is 5 minutes. After it times out you have to log in with your password again. Very long idle timeouts may have security risks. A value of "0" means a management session never times out, no matter how long it has been left idle (not recommended). Apply Reset Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG4104. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. 23.4 Password Screen It is strongly recommended that you change your NBG4104's password. If you forget your NBG4104's password (or IP address), you will need to reset the device. See Section 23.8 on page 148 for details. Click Maintenance > Password. The screen appears as shown. Figure 84 Maintenance > Password The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 60 Maintenance > Password LABEL Old Password DESCRIPTION Type the default password or the existing password you use to access the system in this field. New Password Type your new system password (up to 30 characters). Note that as you type a password, the screen displays an asterisk (*) for each character you type. Retype to Confirm Apply Reset Type the new password again in this field. Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG4104. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. 144 NBG4104 Users Guide Chapter 23 Maintenance 23.5 Time Setting Screen Use this screen to configure the NBG4104s time based on your local time zone. To change your NBG4104s time and date, click Maintenance > Time. The screen appears as shown. Figure 85 Maintenance > Time The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 61 Maintenance > Time LABEL DESCRIPTION Current Time and Date Current Time This field displays the time of your NBG4104. Each time you reload this page, the NBG4104 synchronizes the time with the time server. Current Date This field displays the date of your NBG4104. Each time you reload this page, the NBG4104 synchronizes the date with the time server. Current Time and Date Manual New Time
(hh:mm:ss) New Date
(yyyy/mm/dd) Select this radio button to enter the time and date manually. If you configure a new time and date, Time Zone and Daylight Saving at the same time, the new time and date you entered has priority and the Time Zone and Daylight Saving settings do not affect it. This field displays the last updated time from the time server or the last time configured manually. When you select Manual, enter the new time in this field and then click Apply. This field displays the last updated date from the time server or the last date configured manually. When you select Manual, enter the new date in this field and then click Apply. Get from Time Server Select this radio button to have the NBG4104 get the time and date from the time server you specified below. NBG4104 Users Guide 145 Chapter 23 Maintenance Table 61 Maintenance > Time (continued) LABEL Auto DESCRIPTION Select Auto to have the NBG4104 automatically search for an available time server and synchronize the date and time with the time server after you click Apply. User Defined Time Server Address Select User Defined Time Server Address and enter the IP address or URL (up to 20 extended ASCII characters in length) of your time server. Check with your ISP/network administrator if you are unsure of this information. Time Zone Setup Time Zone Choose the time zone of your location. This will set the time difference between your time zone and Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). Apply Reset Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG4104. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. 23.6 Firmware Upgrade Screen Find firmware at www.zyxel.com in a file that (usually) uses the system model name with a *.bin extension, e.g., NBG4104.bin. The upload process uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and may take up to two minutes. After a successful upload, the system will reboot. Click Maintenance > Firmware Upgrade. Follow the instructions in this screen to upload firmware to your NBG4104. Figure 86 Maintenance > Firmware Upgrade The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 62 Maintenance > Firmware Upgrade LABEL File Path DESCRIPTION Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Browse... to find it. Browse... Click Browse... to find the .bin file you want to upload. Remember that you must decompress compressed (.zip) files before you can upload them. Upload Click Upload to begin the upload process. This process may take up to two minutes. Note: Do not turn off the NBG4104 while firmware upload is in progress!
After you see the Firmware Upload In Process screen, wait two minutes before logging into the NBG4104 again. 146 NBG4104 Users Guide The NBG4104 automatically restarts in this time causing a temporary network disconnect. In some operating systems, you may see the following icon on your desktop. Figure 87 Network Temporarily Disconnected Chapter 23 Maintenance After two minutes, log in again and check your new firmware version in the Status screen. If the upload was not successful, an error message appears. Click Return to go back to the Firmware Upgrade screen. 23.7 Configuration Backup/Restore Screen Backup configuration allows you to back up (save) the NBG4104s current configuration to a file on your computer. Once your NBG4104 is configured and functioning properly, it is highly recommended that you back up your configuration file before making configuration changes. The backup configuration file will be useful in case you need to return to your previous settings. Restore configuration allows you to upload a new or previously saved configuration file from your computer to your NBG4104. Click Maintenance > Backup/Restore. Information related to factory defaults, backup configuration, and restoring configuration appears as shown next. Figure 88 Maintenance > Backup/Restore NBG4104 Users Guide 147 Chapter 23 Maintenance The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 63 Maintenance > Backup/Restore LABEL Backup DESCRIPTION Click Backup to save the NBG4104s current configuration to your computer. File Path Browse... Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Browse... to find it. Click Browse... to find the file you want to upload. Remember that you must decompress compressed (.ZIP) files before you can upload them. Upload Click Upload to begin the upload process. Note: Do not turn off the NBG4104 while configuration file upload is in progress. After you see a configuration upload successful screen, you must then wait one minute before logging into the NBG4104 again. The NBG4104 automatically restarts in this time causing a temporary network disconnect. Reset If you see an error screen, click Back to return to the Backup/Restore screen. Pressing the Reset button in this section clears all user-entered configuration information and returns the NBG4104 to its factory defaults. You can also press the RESET button on the rear panel to reset the factory defaults of your NBG4104. Refer to the chapter about introducing the Web Configurator for more information on the RESET button. Note: If you uploaded the default configuration file you may need to change the IP address of your computer to be in the same subnet as that of the default NBG4104 IP address (192.168.1.2). See Appendix D on page 185 for details on how to set up your computers IP address. 23.8 Restart Screen System restart allows you to reboot the NBG4104 without turning the power off. Click Maintenance > Restart to open the following screen. Figure 89 Maintenance > Restart Click Restart to have the NBG4104 reboot. This does not affect the NBG4104's configuration. 148 NBG4104 Users Guide 23.9 System Operation Mode Chapter 23 Maintenance The Sys OP Mode (System Operation Mode) function lets you configure your NBG4104 as an router or access point. You can choose between Router and Access Point Mode depending on your network topology and the features you require from your device. The following describes the device modes available in your NBG4104. Router A router connects your local network with another network, such as the Internet. The router has two IP addresses, the LAN IP address and the WAN IP address. Figure 90 LAN and WAN IP Addresses in Router Mode Access Point An access point enabled all ethernet ports to be bridged together and be in the same subnet. To connect to the Internet, another device, such as a router, is required. Figure 91 Access Point Mode NBG4104 Users Guide 149 Chapter 23 Maintenance 23.10 Sys OP Mode Screen Use this screen to select how you want to use your NBG4104. Figure 92 Maintenance > Sys OP Mode The following table describes the labels in the Sys OP Mode screen. Table 64 Maintenance > Sys OP Mode LABEL System Operation Mode DESCRIPTION Router Mode Select Router Mode if your device routes traffic between a local network and another network such as the Internet. This mode offers services such as a firewall or bandwidth management. You can configure the IP address settings on your WAN port. Contact your ISP or system administrator for more information on appropriate settings. Access Point Select Access Point Mode if your device bridges traffic between clients on the same network. In Access Point Mode, all Ethernet ports have the same IP address. All ports on the rear panel of the device are LAN ports, including the port labeled WAN. There is no WAN port. The DHCP server on your device is disabled. The IP address of the device on the local network is set to 192.168.1.2. Apply Reset Click Apply to save your settings. Click Reset to return your settings to the default (Router). Note: If you select the incorrect System Operation Mode you may not be able to connect to the Internet. 150 NBG4104 Users Guide CHAPTER 24 Troubleshooting 24.1 Overview This chapter offers some suggestions to solve problems you might encounter. The potential problems are divided into the following categories. Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs NBG4104 Access and Login Internet Access Resetting the NBG4104 to Its Factory Defaults Wireless Router/AP Troubleshooting 24.2 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs The NBG4104 does not turn on. None of the LEDs turn on. 1 Make sure you are using the power adaptor or cord included with the NBG4104. 2 Make sure the power adaptor or cord is connected to the NBG4104 and plugged in to an appropriate power source. Make sure the power source is turned on. 3 Disconnect and re-connect the power adaptor or cord to the NBG4104. 4 If the problem continues, contact the vendor. One of the LEDs does not behave as expected. 1 Make sure you understand the normal behavior of the LED. See Section 1.5 on page 18. 2 3 Check the hardware connections. See the Quick Start Guide. Inspect your cables for damage. Contact the vendor to replace any damaged cables. 4 Disconnect and re-connect the power adaptor to the NBG4104. 5 If the problem continues, contact the vendor. NBG4104 Users Guide 151 Chapter 24 Troubleshooting 24.3 NBG4104 Access and Login I dont know the IP address of my NBG4104. 1 2 3 4 The default IP address is 192.168.1.1. If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, you might get the IP address of the NBG4104 by looking up the IP address of the default gateway for your computer. To do this in most Windows computers, click Start > Run, enter cmd, and then enter ipconfig. The IP address of the Default Gateway might be the IP address of the NBG4104 (it depends on the network), so enter this IP address in your Internet browser.Set your device to Router Mode, login (see the Quick Start Guide for instructions) and go to the Device Information table in the Status screen. Your NBG4104s IP address is available in the Device Information table. If the DHCP setting under LAN information is None, your device has a fixed IP address. If the DHCP setting under LAN information is Client, then your device receives an IP address from a DHCP server on the network. If your NBG4104 is a DHCP client, you can find your IP address from the DHCP server. This information is only available from the DHCP server which allocates IP addresses on your network. Find this information directly from the DHCP server or contact your system administrator for more information. Reset your NBG4104 to change all settings back to their default. This means your current settings are lost. See Section 24.5 on page 155 in the Troubleshooting for information on resetting your NBG4104. I forgot the username and password. 1 2 The default username is admin and password is 1234. If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See Section 24.5 on page 155. I cannot see or access the Login screen in the Web Configurator. 1 Make sure you are using the correct IP address. The default IP address is 192.168.1.1. If you changed the IP address (Section 11.4 on page 83), use the new IP address. If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, see the troubleshooting suggestions for I dont know the IP address of my NBG4104. 152 NBG4104 Users Guide Chapter 24 Troubleshooting 2 Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick Start Guide. 3 Make sure your Internet browser does not block pop-up windows and has JavaScript and Java enabled. See Appendix B on page 163. 4 Make sure your computer is in the same subnet as the NBG4104. (If you know that there are routers between your computer and the NBG4104, skip this step.) If there is a DHCP server on your network, make sure your computer is using a dynamic IP address. See Section 11.4 on page 83. If there is no DHCP server on your network, make sure your computers IP address is in the same subnet as the NBG4104. See Section 11.4 on page 83. 5 6 Reset the device to its factory defaults, and try to access the NBG4104 with the default IP address. See Section 3.3.1 on page 23. If the problem continues, contact the network administrator or vendor, or try one of the advanced suggestions. Advanced Suggestions Try to access the NBG4104 using another service, such as Telnet. If you can access the NBG4104, check the remote management settings and firewall rules to find out why the NBG4104 does not respond to HTTP. If your computer is connected to the WAN port or is connected wirelessly, use a computer that is connected to a LAN/ETHERNET port. I can see the Login screen, but I cannot log in to the NBG4104. 1 Make sure you have entered the password correctly. The default password is 1234. This field is case-sensitive, so make sure [Caps Lock] is not on. 2 3 You cannot log in to the Web Configurator while someone is using Telnet to access the NBG4104. Log out of the NBG4104 in the other session, or ask the person who is logged in to log out. This can happen when you fail to log out properly from your last session. Try logging in again after 5 minutes. 4 Disconnect and re-connect the power adaptor or cord to the NBG4104. 5 If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See Section 24.5 on page 155. NBG4104 Users Guide 153 Chapter 24 Troubleshooting 24.4 Internet Access I cannot access the Internet. 1 2 Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick Start Guide. If you are trying to access the Internet wirelessly, make sure the wireless settings in the wireless client are the same as the settings in the AP. 3 Disconnect all the cables from your device, and follow the directions in the Quick Start Guide again. 4 Go to Maintenance > Sys OP Mode. Check your Configuration Mode setting. Select Router Mode if your device routes traffic between a local network and another network such as the Internet. Select Access Point if your device bridges traffic between clients on the same network. 5 If the problem continues, contact your ISP. I cannot access the Internet anymore. I had access to the Internet (with the NBG4104), but my Internet connection is not available anymore. 1 2 3 Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick Start Guide and Section 1.5 on page 18. Reboot the NBG4104. If the problem continues, contact your ISP. The Internet connection is slow or intermittent. 1 2 3 4 154 There might be a lot of traffic on the network. Look at the LEDs, and check Section 1.5 on page 18. If the NBG4104 is sending or receiving a lot of information, try closing some programs that use the Internet, especially peer-to-peer applications. Check the signal strength. If the signal strength is low, try moving the NBG4104 closer to the AP if possible, and look around to see if there are any devices that might be interfering with the wireless network (for example, microwaves, other wireless networks, and so on). Reboot the NBG4104. If the problem continues, contact the network administrator or vendor, or try one of the advanced suggestions. NBG4104 Users Guide 24.5 Resetting the NBG4104 to Its Factory Defaults If you reset the NBG4104, you lose all of the changes you have made. The NBG4104 re-loads its default settings, and the password resets to 1234. You have to make all of your changes again. Chapter 24 Troubleshooting You will lose all of your changes when you push the RESET button. To reset the NBG4104:
1 Make sure the power LED is on. 2 3 Press the RESET button for longer than 1 second to restart/reboot the NBG4104. Press the RESET button for longer than five seconds to set the NBG4104 back to its factory-default configurations. If the NBG4104 restarts automatically, wait for the NBG4104 to finish restarting, and log in to the Web Configurator. The password is 1234. If the NBG4104 does not restart automatically, disconnect and reconnect the NBG4104s power. Then, follow the directions above again. 24.6 Wireless Router/AP Troubleshooting I cannot access the NBG4104 or ping any computer from the WLAN (wireless AP or router). 1 Make sure the wireless LAN is enabled on the NBG4104. 2 Make sure the wireless adapter on the wireless station is working properly. 3 Make sure the wireless adapter installed on your computer is IEEE 802.11 compatible and supports the same wireless standard as the NBG4104. 4 Make sure your computer (with a wireless adapter installed) is within the transmission range of the NBG4104. 5 Check that both the NBG4104 and your wireless station are using the same wireless and wireless security settings. 6 Make sure traffic between the WLAN and the LAN is not blocked by the firewall on the NBG4104. 7 Make sure you allow the NBG4104 to be remotely accessed through the WLAN interface. Check your remote management settings. See the chapter on Wireless LAN in the Users Guide for more information. NBG4104 Users Guide 155 Chapter 24 Troubleshooting I set up URL keyword blocking, but I can still access a website that should be blocked. Make sure that you select the Enable URL Keyword Blocking check box in the Content Filtering screen. Make sure that the keywords that you type are listed in the Keyword List. If a keyword that is listed in the Keyword List is not blocked when it is found in a URL, customize the keyword blocking using commands. See the Customizing Keyword Blocking URL Checking section in the Content Filtering chapter. I can access the Internet, but I cannot open my network folders. Make sure your account has access rights to the folder you are trying to open. I cannot access the Web Configurator after I switched to AP mode. When you change from router mode to AP mode, your computer must have an IP address in the range between 192.168.1.3 and 192.168.1.254. Refer to Appendix D on page 185 for instructions on how to change your computers IP address. What factors may cause intermittent or unstabled wireless connection? How can I solve this problem?
The following factors may cause interference:
Obstacles: walls, ceilings, furniture, and so on. Building Materials: metal doors, aluminum studs. Electrical devices: microwaves, monitors, electric motors, cordless phones, and other wireless devices. To optimize the speed and quality of your wireless connection, you can:
Move your wireless device closer to the AP if the signal strength is low. Reduce wireless interference that may be caused by other wireless networks or surrounding wireless electronics such as cordless phones. Place the AP where there are minimum obstacles (such as walls and ceilings) between the AP and the wireless client. Reduce the number of wireless clients connecting to the same AP simultaneously, or add additional APs if necessary. Try closing some programs that use the Internet, especially peer-to-peer applications. If the wireless client is sending or receiving a lot of information, it may have too many programs open that use the Internet. 156 NBG4104 Users Guide Position the antenna for best reception. If the AP is placed on a table or floor, point the antenna upwards. If the AP is placed at a high position, point the antenna downwards. Try pointing the antenna in different directions and check which provides the strongest signal to the wireless clients. Chapter 24 Troubleshooting NBG4104 Users Guide 157 Chapter 24 Troubleshooting 158 NBG4104 Users Guide APPENDIX A Product Specifications The following tables summarize the NBG4104s hardware and firmware features. Table 65 Hardware Features Dimensions 162 mm (W) x 115 mm (D) x 33 mm (H) Weight SDRAM Flash Memory 205g (0.45 lb.) 32 MB 8 MB Power Specification Input: 100~240 AC, 50~60 Hz Output: 12 V DC 0.5A Ethernet ports Auto-negotiating: 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps in either half-duplex or full-duplex mode. Built-in Switch LEDs Reset button WPS button Antenna Auto-crossover: Use either crossover or straight-through Ethernet cables. The NBG4104 can support speeds from 10 Mbps to 100 Mbps and you can connect multiple computers or servers (for example, game servers) in your network to the NBG4104. Power, WPS, WAN, WLAN, LAN1-4 The reset button is built into the rear panel. Use this button to restore the NBG4104 to its factory default settings. Press for longer than 1 second to restart the device. Press for more than 5 seconds to restore to factory default settings. Press the WPS on two WPS enabled devices within 120 seconds for a security-
enabled wireless connection. The NBG4104 is equipped with one 2dBi (2.4GHz) detachable antenna to provide clear radio transmission and reception on the wireless network. Operation Environment Temperature: 0 C ~ 40 C Storage Environment Temperature: -20 C ~ 60 C Humidity: 20% ~ 85% Non-Condensing Humidity: 20% ~ 90% Non-Condensing Table 66 Firmware Features FEATURE Default LAN IP Address DESCRIPTION 192.168.1.1 (router) Default LAN Subnet Mask Default User Name Default Password 192.168.1.2. (AP) 255.255.255.0 (24 bits) admin 1234 DHCP Pool 192.168.1.33 to 192.168.1.64 Wireless Interface Wireless LAN Default Wireless SSID ZyXEL NBG4104 Users Guide 159 Appendix A Product Specifications Table 66 Firmware Features (continued) FEATURE Device Management DESCRIPTION Use the Web Configurator to easily configure the rich range of features on the NBG4104. Wireless Functionality Allows IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and/or IEEE 802.11n wireless clients to connect to the NBG4104 wirelessly. Enable wireless security (WPA(2)-PSK) and/or MAC filtering to protect your wireless network. Note: The NBG4104 may be prone to RF (Radio Frequency) interference from other 2.4 GHz devices such as microwave ovens, wireless phones, Bluetooth enabled devices, and other wireless LANs. Firmware Upgrade Download new firmware (when available) from the ZyXEL web site and use the Web Configurator to put it on the NBG4104. Configuration Backup &
Restoration Network Address Translation (NAT) Firewall Note: Only upload firmware for your specific model!
Make a copy of the NBG4104s configuration and put it back on the NBG4104 later if you decide you want to revert back to an earlier configuration. Each computer on your network must have its own unique IP address. Use NAT to convert a single public IP address to multiple private IP addresses for the computers on your network. You can configure firewall on the NBG4104 for secure Internet access. When the firewall is on, by default, all incoming traffic from the Internet to your network is blocked unless it is initiated from your network. This means that probes from the outside to your network are not allowed, but you can safely browse the Internet and download files for example. Content Filter The NBG4104 blocks web sites with URLs that contain keywords that you specify. Bandwidth Management You can efficiently manage traffic on your network by reserving bandwidth and giving priority to certain types of traffic and/or to particular computers. Remote Management This allows you to decide whether a service (HTTP traffic for example) from a computer on a network (LAN or WAN for example) can access the NBG4104. Wireless LAN Scheduler You can schedule the times the Wireless LAN is enabled/disabled. Time and Date Get the current time and date from an external server when you turn on your NBG4104. You can also set the time manually. These dates and times are then used in logs. Port Forwarding If you have a server (mail or web server for example) on your network, then use this feature to let people access it from the Internet. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) Use this feature to have the NBG4104 assign IP addresses, an IP default gateway and DNS servers to computers on your network. Dynamic DNS Support IP Multicast Logging PPPoE Universal Plug and Play
(UPnP) With Dynamic DNS (Domain Name System) support, you can use a fixed URL, www.zyxel.com for example, with a dynamic IP address. You must register for this service with a Dynamic DNS service provider. IP Multicast is used to send traffic to a specific group of computers. The NBG4104 supports versions 1 and 2 of IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) used to join multicast groups (see RFC 2236). Use logs for troubleshooting. You can view logs in the Web Configurator. PPPoE mimics a dial-up Internet access connection. The NBG4104 can communicate with other UPnP enabled devices in a network. 160 NBG4104 Users Guide Appendix A Product Specifications 24.7 Wall-mounting Instructions Complete the following steps to hang your NBG4104 on a wall. 1 Select a position free of obstructions on a sturdy wall. 2 Drill two holes for the screws. Be careful to avoid damaging pipes or cables located inside the wall when drilling holes for the screws. 3 Do not insert the screws all the way into the wall. Leave a small gap of about 0.5 cm between the heads of the screws and the wall. 4 Make sure the screws are snugly fastened to the wall. They need to hold the weight of the NBG4104 with the connection cables. 5 Align the holes on the back of the NBG4104 with the screws on the wall. Hang the NBG4104 on the screws. Figure 93 Wall-mounting Example The following are dimensions of an M4 tap screw and masonry plug used for wall mounting. All measurements are in millimeters (mm). Figure 94 Masonry Plug and M4 Tap Screw NBG4104 Users Guide 161 Appendix A Product Specifications 162 NBG4104 Users Guide APPENDIX B Pop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java Permissions In order to use the web configurator you need to allow:
Web browser pop-up windows from your device. JavaScript (enabled by default). Java permissions (enabled by default). Note: The screens used below belong to Internet Explorer version 6, 7 and 8. Screens for other Internet Explorer versions may vary. Internet Explorer Pop-up Blockers You may have to disable pop-up blocking to log into your device. Either disable pop-up blocking (enabled by default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2) or allow pop-up blocking and create an exception for your devices IP address. Disable Pop-up Blockers 1 In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Pop-up Blocker and then select Turn Off Pop-up Blocker. Figure 95 Pop-up Blocker You can also check if pop-up blocking is disabled in the Pop-up Blocker section in the Privacy tab. 1 In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Internet Options, Privacy. NBG4104 Users Guide 163 Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java Permissions 2 Clear the Block pop-ups check box in the Pop-up Blocker section of the screen. This disables any web pop-up blockers you may have enabled. Figure 96 Internet Options: Privacy 3 Click Apply to save this setting. Enable Pop-up Blockers with Exceptions Alternatively, if you only want to allow pop-up windows from your device, see the following steps. 1 In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Internet Options and then the Privacy tab. 164 NBG4104 Users Guide Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java Permissions 2 Select Settingsto open the Pop-up Blocker Settings screen. Figure 97 Internet Options: Privacy 3 Type the IP address of your device (the web page that you do not want to have blocked) with the prefix http://. For example, http://192.168.167.1. NBG4104 Users Guide 165 Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java Permissions 4 Click Add to move the IP address to the list of Allowed sites. Figure 98 Pop-up Blocker Settings 5 6 Click Close to return to the Privacy screen. Click Apply to save this setting. JavaScript If pages of the web configurator do not display properly in Internet Explorer, check that JavaScript are allowed. 166 NBG4104 Users Guide Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java Permissions 1 In Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security tab. Figure 99 Internet Options: Security 2 3 Click the Custom Level... button. Scroll down to Scripting. 4 Under Active scripting make sure that Enable is selected (the default). 5 Under Scripting of Java applets make sure that Enable is selected (the default). NBG4104 Users Guide 167 Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java Permissions 6 Click OK to close the window. Figure 100 Security Settings - Java Scripting Java Permissions 1 2 3 From Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security tab. Click the Custom Level... button. Scroll down to Microsoft VM. 4 Under Java permissions make sure that a safety level is selected. 168 NBG4104 Users Guide Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java Permissions 5 Click OK to close the window. Figure 101 Security Settings - Java JAVA (Sun) 1 From Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Advanced tab. 2 Make sure that Use Java 2 for <applet> under Java (Sun) is selected. NBG4104 Users Guide 169 Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java Permissions 3 Click OK to close the window. Figure 102 Java (Sun) Mozilla Firefox Mozilla Firefox 2.0 screens are used here. Screens for other versions may vary slightly. The steps below apply to Mozilla Firefox 3.0 as well. You can enable Java, Javascript and pop-ups in one screen. Click Tools, then click Options in the screen that appears. Figure 103 Mozilla Firefox: TOOLS > Options 170 NBG4104 Users Guide Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java Permissions Click Content to show the screen below. Select the check boxes as shown in the following screen. Figure 104 Mozilla Firefox Content Security Opera Opera 10 screens are used here. Screens for other versions may vary slightly. NBG4104 Users Guide 171 Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java Permissions Allowing Pop-Ups From Opera, click Tools, then Preferences. In the General tab, go to Choose how you prefer to handle pop-ups and select Open all pop-ups. Figure 105 Opera: Allowing Pop-Ups Enabling Java From Opera, click Tools, then Preferences. In the Advanced tab, select Content from the left-
side menu. Select the check boxes as shown in the following screen. Figure 106 Opera: Enabling Java 172 NBG4104 Users Guide Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java Permissions To customize JavaScript behavior in the Opera browser, click JavaScript Options. Figure 107 Opera: JavaScript Options Select the items you want Operas JavaScript to apply. NBG4104 Users Guide 173 Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java Permissions 174 NBG4104 Users Guide APPENDIX C IP Addresses and Subnetting This appendix introduces IP addresses and subnet masks. IP addresses identify individual devices on a network. Every networking device (including computers, servers, routers, printers, etc.) needs an IP address to communicate across the network. These networking devices are also known as hosts. Subnet masks determine the maximum number of possible hosts on a network. You can also use subnet masks to divide one network into multiple sub-networks. Introduction to IP Addresses One part of the IP address is the network number, and the other part is the host ID. In the same way that houses on a street share a common street name, the hosts on a network share a common network number. Similarly, as each house has its own house number, each host on the network has its own unique identifying number - the host ID. Routers use the network number to send packets to the correct network, while the host ID determines to which host on the network the packets are delivered. Structure An IP address is made up of four parts, written in dotted decimal notation (for example, 192.168.1.1). Each of these four parts is known as an octet. An octet is an eight-digit binary number (for example 11000000, which is 192 in decimal notation). Therefore, each octet has a possible range of 00000000 to 11111111 in binary, or 0 to 255 in decimal. NBG4104 Users Guide 175 Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting The following figure shows an example IP address in which the first three octets (192.168.1) are the network number, and the fourth octet (16) is the host ID. Figure 108 Network Number and Host ID How much of the IP address is the network number and how much is the host ID varies according to the subnet mask. Subnet Masks A subnet mask is used to determine which bits are part of the network number, and which bits are part of the host ID (using a logical AND operation). The term subnet is short for sub-network. A subnet mask has 32 bits. If a bit in the subnet mask is a 1 then the corresponding bit in the IP address is part of the network number. If a bit in the subnet mask is 0 then the corresponding bit in the IP address is part of the host ID. The following example shows a subnet mask identifying the network number (in bold text) and host ID of an IP address (192.168.1.2 in decimal). Table 67 IP Address Network Number and Host ID Example 3RD OCTET:
(1) 00000001 2ND OCTET:
(168) 10101000 1ST OCTET:
(192) IP Address (Binary) 11000000 4TH OCTET
(2) 00000010 Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 Network Number 11000000 10101000 00000001 Host ID 00000010 By convention, subnet masks always consist of a continuous sequence of ones beginning from the leftmost bit of the mask, followed by a continuous sequence of zeros, for a total number of 32 bits. Subnet masks can be referred to by the size of the network number part (the bits with a 1 value). For example, an 8-bit mask means that the first 8 bits of the mask are ones and the remaining 24 bits are zeroes. 176 NBG4104 Users Guide Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting Subnet masks are expressed in dotted decimal notation just like IP addresses. The following examples show the binary and decimal notation for 8-bit, 16-bit, 24-bit and 29-bit subnet masks. Table 68 Subnet Masks BINARY 1ST OCTET 11111111 8-bit mask 2ND OCTET 00000000 3RD OCTET 00000000 4TH OCTET DECIMAL 00000000 255.0.0.0 16-bit mask 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000 255.255.0.0 24-bit mask 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 255.255.255.0 29-bit mask 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111000 255.255.255.248 Network Size The size of the network number determines the maximum number of possible hosts you can have on your network. The larger the number of network number bits, the smaller the number of remaining host ID bits. An IP address with host IDs of all zeros is the IP address of the network (192.168.1.0 with a 24-bit subnet mask, for example). An IP address with host IDs of all ones is the broadcast address for that network (192.168.1.255 with a 24-bit subnet mask, for example). As these two IP addresses cannot be used for individual hosts, calculate the maximum number of possible hosts in a network as follows:
Table 69 Maximum Host Numbers SUBNET MASK HOST ID SIZE 8 bits 255.0.0.0 16 bits 255.255.0.0 24 bits 255.255.255.0 29 bits 255.255.255.248 24 bits 16 bits 8 bits 3 bits 224 2 216 2 28 2 23 2 MAXIMUM NUMBER OF HOSTS 16777214 65534 254 6 Since the mask is always a continuous number of ones beginning from the left, followed by a continuous number of zeros for the remainder of the 32 bit mask, you can simply specify the number of ones instead of writing the value of each octet. This is usually specified by writing a /
followed by the number of bits in the mask after the address. For example, 192.1.1.0 /25 is equivalent to saying 192.1.1.0 with subnet mask 255.255.255.128. The following table shows some possible subnet masks using both notations. Table 70 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation SUBNET MASK 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.128 255.255.255.192 ALTERNATIVE NOTATION
/24 LAST OCTET
(BINARY) 0000 0000 LAST OCTET
(DECIMAL) 0
/25
/26 1000 0000 1100 0000 128 192 Notation NBG4104 Users Guide 177 Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting Table 70 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation (continued) SUBNET MASK 255.255.255.224 255.255.255.240 255.255.255.248 255.255.255.252 ALTERNATIVE NOTATION
/27 LAST OCTET
(BINARY) 1110 0000 LAST OCTET
(DECIMAL) 224
/28
/29
/30 1111 0000 1111 1000 1111 1100 240 248 252 Subnetting You can use subnetting to divide one network into multiple sub-networks. In the following example a network administrator creates two sub-networks to isolate a group of servers from the rest of the company network for security reasons. In this example, the company network address is 192.168.1.0. The first three octets of the address
(192.168.1) are the network number, and the remaining octet is the host ID, allowing a maximum of 28 2 or 254 possible hosts. The following figure shows the company network before subnetting. Figure 109 Subnetting Example: Before Subnetting You can borrow one of the host ID bits to divide the network 192.168.1.0 into two separate sub-
networks. The subnet mask is now 25 bits (255.255.255.128 or /25). The borrowed host ID bit can have a value of either 0 or 1, allowing two subnets; 192.168.1.0 /25 and 192.168.1.128 /25. 178 NBG4104 Users Guide Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting The following figure shows the company network after subnetting. There are now two sub-
networks, A and B. Figure 110 Subnetting Example: After Subnetting In a 25-bit subnet the host ID has 7 bits, so each sub-network has a maximum of 27 2 or 126 possible hosts (a host ID of all zeroes is the subnets address itself, all ones is the subnets broadcast address). 192.168.1.0 with mask 255.255.255.128 is subnet A itself, and 192.168.1.127 with mask 255.255.255.128 is its broadcast address. Therefore, the lowest IP address that can be assigned to an actual host for subnet A is 192.168.1.1 and the highest is 192.168.1.126. Similarly, the host ID range for subnet B is 192.168.1.129 to 192.168.1.254. Example: Four Subnets The previous example illustrated using a 25-bit subnet mask to divide a 24-bit address into two subnets. Similarly, to divide a 24-bit address into four subnets, you need to borrow two host ID bits to give four possible combinations (00, 01, 10 and 11). The subnet mask is 26 bits
(11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000) or 255.255.255.192. Each subnet contains 6 host ID bits, giving 26 - 2 or 62 hosts for each subnet (a host ID of all zeroes is the subnet itself, all ones is the subnets broadcast address). Table 71 Subnet 1 IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER IP Address (Decimal) 192.168.1. IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. LAST OCTET BIT VALUE 0 00000000 11000000 NBG4104 Users Guide 179 Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting Table 71 Subnet 1 (continued) IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT VALUE Subnet Address:
192.168.1.0 Broadcast Address:
192.168.1.63 Table 72 Subnet 2 Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.1 Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.62 IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER IP Address 192.168.1. IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. LAST OCTET BIT VALUE 64 01000000 11000000 Subnet Address:
192.168.1.64 Broadcast Address:
192.168.1.127 Table 73 Subnet 3 Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.65 Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.126 IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER IP Address 192.168.1. IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. LAST OCTET BIT VALUE 128 10000000 11000000 Subnet Address:
192.168.1.128 Broadcast Address:
192.168.1.191 Table 74 Subnet 4 Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.129 Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.190 IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER IP Address 192.168.1. LAST OCTET BIT VALUE 192 IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 11000000 Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000 Subnet Address:
192.168.1.192 Broadcast Address:
192.168.1.255 Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.193 Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.254 Example: Eight Subnets Similarly, use a 27-bit mask to create eight subnets (000, 001, 010, 011, 100, 101, 110 and 111). 180 NBG4104 Users Guide The following table shows IP address last octet values for each subnet. Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting Table 75 Eight Subnets SUBNET ADDRESS 0 SUBNET 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 32 64 96 128 160 192 224 Subnet Planning FIRST ADDRESS 1 33 65 97 129 161 193 225 LAST ADDRESS 30 BROADCAST ADDRESS 31 62 94 126 158 190 222 254 63 95 127 159 191 223 255 The following table is a summary for subnet planning on a network with a 24-bit network number. Table 76 24-bit Network Number Subnet Planning NO. BORROWED HOST BITS 1 255.255.255.128 (/25) SUBNET MASK NO. SUBNETS 2 4 8 16 32 64 NO. HOSTS PER SUBNET 126 62 30 14 6 2 1 255.255.255.192 (/26) 255.255.255.224 (/27) 255.255.255.240 (/28) 255.255.255.248 (/29) 255.255.255.252 (/30) 255.255.255.254 (/31) 128 2 3 4 5 6 7 The following table is a summary for subnet planning on a network with a 16-bit network number. Table 77 16-bit Network Number Subnet Planning NO. BORROWED HOST BITS 1 SUBNET MASK 255.255.128.0 (/17) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 255.255.192.0 (/18) 255.255.224.0 (/19) 255.255.240.0 (/20) 255.255.248.0 (/21) 255.255.252.0 (/22) 255.255.254.0 (/23) 255.255.255.0 (/24) 255.255.255.128 (/25) 255.255.255.192 (/26) 255.255.255.224 (/27) 255.255.255.240 (/28) NO. SUBNETS 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 4096 NO. HOSTS PER SUBNET 32766 16382 8190 4094 2046 1022 510 254 126 62 30 14 NBG4104 Users Guide 181 Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting Table 77 16-bit Network Number Subnet Planning (continued) NO. BORROWED HOST BITS 13 255.255.255.248 (/29) SUBNET MASK NO. SUBNETS 8192 NO. HOSTS PER SUBNET 6 14 15 255.255.255.252 (/30) 255.255.255.254 (/31) 16384 32768 2 1 Configuring IP Addresses Where you obtain your network number depends on your particular situation. If the ISP or your network administrator assigns you a block of registered IP addresses, follow their instructions in selecting the IP addresses and the subnet mask. If the ISP did not explicitly give you an IP network number, then most likely you have a single user account and the ISP will assign you a dynamic IP address when the connection is established. If this is the case, it is recommended that you select a network number from 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.0. The Internet Assigned Number Authority (IANA) reserved this block of addresses specifically for private use; please do not use any other number unless you are told otherwise. You must also enable Network Address Translation (NAT) on the NBG4104. Once you have decided on the network number, pick an IP address for your NBG4104 that is easy to remember (for instance, 192.168.1.1) but make sure that no other device on your network is using that IP address. The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your NBG4104 will compute the subnet mask automatically based on the IP address that you entered. You don't need to change the subnet mask computed by the NBG4104 unless you are instructed to do otherwise. Private IP Addresses Every machine on the Internet must have a unique address. If your networks are isolated from the Internet (running only between two branch offices, for example) you can assign any IP addresses to the hosts without problems. However, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has reserved the following three blocks of IP addresses specifically for private networks:
10.0.0.0 10.255.255.255 172.16.0.0 172.31.255.255 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255 You can obtain your IP address from the IANA, from an ISP, or it can be assigned from a private network. If you belong to a small organization and your Internet access is through an ISP, the ISP can provide you with the Internet addresses for your local networks. On the other hand, if you are part of a much larger organization, you should consult your network administrator for the appropriate IP addresses. Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an arbitrary IP address; always follow the guidelines above. For more information on address assignment, please refer to RFC 1597, Address Allocation for Private Internets and RFC 1466, Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space. 182 NBG4104 Users Guide Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting IP Address Conflicts Each device on a network must have a unique IP address. Devices with duplicate IP addresses on the same network will not be able to access the Internet or other resources. The devices may also be unreachable through the network. Conflicting Computer IP Addresses Example More than one device can not use the same IP address. In the following example computer A has a static (or fixed) IP address that is the same as the IP address that a DHCP server assigns to computer B which is a DHCP client. Neither can access the Internet. This problem can be solved by assigning a different static IP address to computer A or setting computer A to obtain an IP address automatically. Figure 111 Conflicting Computer IP Addresses Example Conflicting Router IP Addresses Example Since a router connects different networks, it must have interfaces using different network numbers. For example, if a router is set between a LAN and the Internet (WAN), the routers LAN and WAN addresses must be on different subnets. In the following example, the LAN and WAN are on the same subnet. The LAN computers cannot access the Internet because the router cannot route between networks. Figure 112 Conflicting Router IP Addresses Example NBG4104 Users Guide 183 Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting Conflicting Computer and Router IP Addresses Example More than one device can not use the same IP address. In the following example, the computer and the routers LAN port both use 192.168.1.1 as the IP address. The computer cannot access the Internet. This problem can be solved by assigning a different IP address to the computer or the routers LAN port. Figure 113 Conflicting Computer and Router IP Addresses Example 184 NBG4104 Users Guide APPENDIX D Setting Up Your Computers IP Address Note: Your specific NBG4104 may not support all of the operating systems described in this appendix. See the product specifications for more information about which operating systems are supported. This appendix shows you how to configure the IP settings on your computer in order for it to be able to communicate with the other devices on your network. Windows Vista/XP/2000, Mac OS 9/
OS X, and all versions of UNIX/LINUX include the software components you need to use TCP/IP on your computer. If you manually assign IP information instead of using a dynamic IP, make sure that your networks computers have IP addresses that place them in the same subnet. In this appendix, you can set up an IP address for:
Windows XP/NT/2000 on page 186 Windows Vista on page 189 Windows 7 on page 193 Mac OS X: 10.3 and 10.4 on page 197 Mac OS X: 10.5 and 10.6 on page 200 Linux: Ubuntu 8 (GNOME) on page 203 Linux: openSUSE 10.3 (KDE) on page 207 NBG4104 Users Guide 185 Appendix D Setting Up Your Computers IP Address Windows XP/NT/2000 The following example uses the default Windows XP display theme but can also apply to Windows 2000 and Windows NT. 1 Click Start > Control Panel. 2 In the Control Panel, click the Network Connections icon. 186 NBG4104 Users Guide 3 Right-click Local Area Connection and then select Properties. Appendix D Setting Up Your Computers IP Address 4 On the General tab, select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and then click Properties. NBG4104 Users Guide 187 Appendix D Setting Up Your Computers IP Address 5 The Internet Protocol TCP/IP Properties window opens. 6 7 8 Select Obtain an IP address automatically if your network administrator or ISP assigns your IP address dynamically. Select Use the following IP Address and fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Default gateway fields if you have a static IP address that was assigned to you by your network administrator or ISP. You may also have to enter a Preferred DNS server and an Alternate DNS server, if that information was provided. Click OK to close the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window. Click OK to close the Local Area Connection Properties window. Verifying Settings 1 2 188 Click Start > All Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt. In the Command Prompt window, type "ipconfig" and then press [ENTER]. You can also go to Start > Control Panel > Network Connections, right-click a network connection, click Status and then click the Support tab to view your IP address and connection information. NBG4104 Users Guide Appendix D Setting Up Your Computers IP Address Windows Vista This section shows screens from Windows Vista Professional. 1 Click Start > Control Panel. 2 In the Control Panel, click the Network and Internet icon. 3 Click the Network and Sharing Center icon. NBG4104 Users Guide 189 Appendix D Setting Up Your Computers IP Address 4 Click Manage network connections. 5 Right-click Local Area Connection and then select Properties. Note: During this procedure, click Continue whenever Windows displays a screen saying that it needs your permission to continue. 190 NBG4104 Users Guide 6 Select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and then select Properties. Appendix D Setting Up Your Computers IP Address NBG4104 Users Guide 191 Appendix D Setting Up Your Computers IP Address 7 The Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties window opens. 8 9 Select Obtain an IP address automatically if your network administrator or ISP assigns your IP address dynamically. Select Use the following IP Address and fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Default gateway fields if you have a static IP address that was assigned to you by your network administrator or ISP. You may also have to enter a Preferred DNS server and an Alternate DNS server, if that information was provided.Click Advanced. Click OK to close the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window. 10 Click OK to close the Local Area Connection Properties window. Verifying Settings 1 2 192 Click Start > All Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt. In the Command Prompt window, type "ipconfig" and then press [ENTER]. You can also go to Start > Control Panel > Network Connections, right-click a network connection, click Status and then click the Support tab to view your IP address and connection information. NBG4104 Users Guide Appendix D Setting Up Your Computers IP Address Windows 7 This section shows screens from Windows 7 Enterprise. 1 Click Start > Control Panel. 2 In the Control Panel, click View network status and tasks under the Network and Internet category. 3 Click Change adapter settings. NBG4104 Users Guide 193 Appendix D Setting Up Your Computers IP Address 4 Double click Local Area Connection and then select Properties. Note: During this procedure, click Continue whenever Windows displays a screen saying that it needs your permission to continue. 194 NBG4104 Users Guide 5 Select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and then select Properties. Appendix D Setting Up Your Computers IP Address NBG4104 Users Guide 195 Appendix D Setting Up Your Computers IP Address 6 The Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties window opens. 7 8 9 Select Obtain an IP address automatically if your network administrator or ISP assigns your IP address dynamically. Select Use the following IP Address and fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Default gateway fields if you have a static IP address that was assigned to you by your network administrator or ISP. You may also have to enter a Preferred DNS server and an Alternate DNS server, if that information was provided. Click Advanced if you want to configure advanced settings for IP, DNS and WINS. Click OK to close the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window. Click OK to close the Local Area Connection Properties window. 196 NBG4104 Users Guide Appendix D Setting Up Your Computers IP Address Verifying Settings 1 2 3 Click Start > All Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt. In the Command Prompt window, type "ipconfig" and then press [ENTER]. The IP settings are displayed as follows. Mac OS X: 10.3 and 10.4 The screens in this section are from Mac OS X 10.4 but can also apply to 10.3. 1 Click Apple > System Preferences. NBG4104 Users Guide 197 Appendix D Setting Up Your Computers IP Address 2 In the System Preferences window, click the Network icon. 3 When the Network preferences pane opens, select Built-in Ethernet from the network connection type list, and then click Configure. 198 NBG4104 Users Guide 4 For dynamically assigned settings, select Using DHCP from the Configure IPv4 list in the TCP/IP tab. Appendix D Setting Up Your Computers IP Address 5 For statically assigned settings, do the following:
From the Configure IPv4 list, select Manually. In the IP Address field, type your IP address. In the Subnet Mask field, type your subnet mask. In the Router field, type the IP address of your device. 6 Click Apply Now and close the window. NBG4104 Users Guide 199 Appendix D Setting Up Your Computers IP Address Verifying Settings Check your TCP/IP properties by clicking Applications > Utilities > Network Utilities, and then selecting the appropriate Network Interface from the Info tab. Figure 114 Mac OS X 10.4: Network Utility Mac OS X: 10.5 and 10.6 The screens in this section are from Mac OS X 10.5 but can also apply to 10.6. 1 Click Apple > System Preferences. 200 NBG4104 Users Guide 2 In System Preferences, click the Network icon. Appendix D Setting Up Your Computers IP Address 3 When the Network preferences pane opens, select Ethernet from the list of available connection types. 4 From the Configure list, select Using DHCP for dynamically assigned settings. NBG4104 Users Guide 201 Appendix D Setting Up Your Computers IP Address 5 For statically assigned settings, do the following:
From the Configure list, select Manually. In the IP Address field, enter your IP address. In the Subnet Mask field, enter your subnet mask. In the Router field, enter the IP address of your NBG4104. 6 Click Apply and close the window. 202 NBG4104 Users Guide Appendix D Setting Up Your Computers IP Address Verifying Settings Check your TCP/IP properties by clicking Applications > Utilities > Network Utilities, and then selecting the appropriate Network interface from the Info tab. Figure 115 Mac OS X 10.5: Network Utility Linux: Ubuntu 8 (GNOME) This section shows you how to configure your computers TCP/IP settings in the GNU Object Model Environment (GNOME) using the Ubuntu 8 Linux distribution. The procedure, screens and file locations may vary depending on your specific distribution, release version, and individual configuration. The following screens use the default Ubuntu 8 installation. Note: Make sure you are logged in as the root administrator. Follow the steps below to configure your computer IP address in GNOME:
1 Click System > Administration > Network. NBG4104 Users Guide 203 Appendix D Setting Up Your Computers IP Address 2 When the Network Settings window opens, click Unlock to open the Authenticate window. (By default, the Unlock button is greyed out until clicked.) You cannot make changes to your configuration unless you first enter your admin password. 3 In the Authenticate window, enter your admin account name and password then click the Authenticate button. 204 NBG4104 Users Guide 4 In the Network Settings window, select the connection that you want to configure, then click Properties. Appendix D Setting Up Your Computers IP Address 5 The Properties dialog box opens. In the Configuration list, select Automatic Configuration (DHCP) if you have a dynamic IP address. In the Configuration list, select Static IP address if you have a static IP address. Fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Gateway address fields. 6 Click OK to save the changes and close the Properties dialog box and return to the Network Settings screen. NBG4104 Users Guide 205 Appendix D Setting Up Your Computers IP Address 7 If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click the DNS tab in the Network Settings window and then enter the DNS server information in the fields provided. 8 Click the Close button to apply the changes. 206 NBG4104 Users Guide Appendix D Setting Up Your Computers IP Address Verifying Settings Check your TCP/IP properties by clicking System > Administration > Network Tools, and then selecting the appropriate Network device from the Devices tab. The Interface Statistics column shows data if your connection is working properly. Figure 116 Ubuntu 8: Network Tools Linux: openSUSE 10.3 (KDE) This section shows you how to configure your computers TCP/IP settings in the K Desktop Environment (KDE) using the openSUSE 10.3 Linux distribution. The procedure, screens and file locations may vary depending on your specific distribution, release version, and individual configuration. The following screens use the default openSUSE 10.3 installation. Note: Make sure you are logged in as the root administrator. Follow the steps below to configure your computer IP address in the KDE:
NBG4104 Users Guide 207 Appendix D Setting Up Your Computers IP Address 1 Click K Menu > Computer > Administrator Settings (YaST). 2 When the Run as Root - KDE su dialog opens, enter the admin password and click OK. 208 NBG4104 Users Guide 3 When the YaST Control Center window opens, select Network Devices and then click the Network Card icon. Appendix D Setting Up Your Computers IP Address 4 When the Network Settings window opens, click the Overview tab, select the appropriate connection Name from the list, and then click the Configure button. NBG4104 Users Guide 209 Appendix D Setting Up Your Computers IP Address 5 When the Network Card Setup window opens, click the Address tab Figure 117 openSUSE 10.3: Network Card Setup 6 7 Select Dynamic Address (DHCP) if you have a dynamic IP address. Select Statically assigned IP Address if you have a static IP address. Fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Hostname fields. Click Next to save the changes and close the Network Card Setup window. 210 NBG4104 Users Guide 8 If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click the Hostname/DNS tab in Network Settings and then enter the DNS server information in the fields provided. Appendix D Setting Up Your Computers IP Address 9 Click Finish to save your settings and close the window. Verifying Settings Click the KNetwork Manager icon on the Task bar to check your TCP/IP properties. From the Options sub-menu, select Show Connection Information. Figure 118 openSUSE 10.3: KNetwork Manager NBG4104 Users Guide 211 Appendix D Setting Up Your Computers IP Address When the Connection Status - KNetwork Manager window opens, click the Statistics tab to see if your connection is working properly. Figure 119 openSUSE: Connection Status - KNetwork Manager 212 NBG4104 Users Guide APPENDIX E Wireless LANs Wireless LAN Topologies This section discusses ad-hoc and infrastructure wireless LAN topologies. Ad-hoc Wireless LAN Configuration The simplest WLAN configuration is an independent (Ad-hoc) WLAN that connects a set of computers with wireless adapters (A, B, C). Any time two or more wireless adapters are within range of each other, they can set up an independent network, which is commonly referred to as an ad-hoc network or Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS). The following diagram shows an example of notebook computers using wireless adapters to form an ad-hoc wireless LAN. Figure 120 Peer-to-Peer Communication in an Ad-hoc Network BSS A Basic Service Set (BSS) exists when all communications between wireless clients or between a wireless client and a wired network client go through one access point (AP). Intra-BSS traffic is traffic between wireless clients in the BSS. When Intra-BSS is enabled, wireless client A and B can access the wired network and communicate with each other. When Intra-BSS is NBG4104 Users Guide 213 Appendix E Wireless LANs disabled, wireless client A and B can still access the wired network but cannot communicate with each other. Figure 121 Basic Service Set ESS An Extended Service Set (ESS) consists of a series of overlapping BSSs, each containing an access point, with each access point connected together by a wired network. This wired connection between APs is called a Distribution System (DS). This type of wireless LAN topology is called an Infrastructure WLAN. The Access Points not only provide communication with the wired network but also mediate wireless network traffic in the immediate neighborhood. 214 NBG4104 Users Guide An ESSID (ESS IDentification) uniquely identifies each ESS. All access points and their associated wireless clients within the same ESS must have the same ESSID in order to communicate. Figure 122 Infrastructure WLAN Appendix E Wireless LANs Channel RTS/CTS A channel is the radio frequency(ies) used by wireless devices to transmit and receive data. Channels available depend on your geographical area. You may have a choice of channels (for your region) so you should use a channel different from an adjacent AP (access point) to reduce interference. Interference occurs when radio signals from different access points overlap causing interference and degrading performance. Adjacent channels partially overlap however. To avoid interference due to overlap, your AP should be on a channel at least five channels away from a channel that an adjacent AP is using. For example, if your region has 11 channels and an adjacent AP is using channel 1, then you need to select a channel between 6 or 11. A hidden node occurs when two stations are within range of the same access point, but are not within range of each other. The following figure illustrates a hidden node. Both stations (STA) are within range of the access point (AP) or wireless gateway, but out-of-range of each other, so they NBG4104 Users Guide 215 Appendix E Wireless LANs cannot "hear" each other, that is they do not know if the channel is currently being used. Therefore, they are considered hidden from each other. Figure 123 RTS/CTS When station A sends data to the AP, it might not know that the station B is already using the channel. If these two stations send data at the same time, collisions may occur when both sets of data arrive at the AP at the same time, resulting in a loss of messages for both stations. RTS/CTS is designed to prevent collisions due to hidden nodes. An RTS/CTS defines the biggest size data frame you can send before an RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake is invoked. When a data frame exceeds the RTS/CTS value you set (between 0 to 2432 bytes), the station that wants to transmit this frame must first send an RTS (Request To Send) message to the AP for permission to send it. The AP then responds with a CTS (Clear to Send) message to all other stations within its range to notify them to defer their transmission. It also reserves and confirms with the requesting station the time frame for the requested transmission. Stations can send frames smaller than the specified RTS/CTS directly to the AP without the RTS
(Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake. You should only configure RTS/CTS if the possibility of hidden nodes exists on your network and the "cost" of resending large frames is more than the extra network overhead involved in the RTS
(Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake. If the RTS/CTS value is greater than the Fragmentation Threshold value (see next), then the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake will never occur as data frames will be fragmented before they reach RTS/CTS size. Note: Enabling the RTS Threshold causes redundant network overhead that could negatively affect the throughput performance instead of providing a remedy. Fragmentation Threshold A Fragmentation Threshold is the maximum data fragment size (between 256 and 2432 bytes) that can be sent in the wireless network before the AP will fragment the packet into smaller data frames. A large Fragmentation Threshold is recommended for networks not prone to interference while you should set a smaller threshold for busy networks or networks that are prone to interference. 216 NBG4104 Users Guide If the Fragmentation Threshold value is smaller than the RTS/CTS value (see previously) you set then the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake will never occur as data frames will be fragmented before they reach RTS/CTS size. Appendix E Wireless LANs Preamble Type Preamble is used to signal that data is coming to the receiver. Short and long refer to the length of the synchronization field in a packet. Short preamble increases performance as less time sending preamble means more time for sending data. All IEEE 802.11 compliant wireless adapters support long preamble, but not all support short preamble. Use long preamble if you are unsure what preamble mode other wireless devices on the network support, and to provide more reliable communications in busy wireless networks. Use short preamble if you are sure all wireless devices on the network support it, and to provide more efficient communications. Use the dynamic setting to automatically use short preamble when all wireless devices on the network support it, otherwise the NBG4104 uses long preamble. Note: The wireless devices MUST use the same preamble mode in order to communicate. IEEE 802.11g Wireless LAN IEEE 802.11g is fully compatible with the IEEE 802.11b standard. This means an IEEE 802.11b adapter can interface directly with an IEEE 802.11g access point (and vice versa) at 11 Mbps or lower depending on range. IEEE 802.11g has several intermediate rate steps between the maximum and minimum data rates. The IEEE 802.11g data rate and modulation are as follows:
Table 78 IEEE 802.11g DATA RATE (MBPS) MODULATION 1 DBPSK (Differential Binary Phase Shift Keyed) 2 5.5 / 11 6/9/12/18/24/36/48/
54 DQPSK (Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) CCK (Complementary Code Keying) OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) Wireless Security Overview Wireless security is vital to your network to protect wireless communication between wireless clients, access points and the wired network. Wireless security methods available on the NBG4104 are data encryption, wireless client authentication, restricting access by device MAC address and hiding the NBG4104 identity. NBG4104 Users Guide 217 Appendix E Wireless LANs The following figure shows the relative effectiveness of these wireless security methods available on your NBG4104. Table 79 Wireless Security Levels SECURITY LEVEL Least Secure SECURITY TYPE Unique SSID (Default) Unique SSID with Hide SSID Enabled MAC Address Filtering WEP Encryption IEEE802.1x EAP with RADIUS Server Authentication Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) WPA2 Most Secure Note: You must enable the same wireless security settings on the NBG4104 and on all wireless clients that you want to associate with it. IEEE 802.1x In June 2001, the IEEE 802.1x standard was designed to extend the features of IEEE 802.11 to support extended authentication as well as providing additional accounting and control features. It is supported by Windows XP and a number of network devices. Some advantages of IEEE 802.1x are:
User based identification that allows for roaming. Support for RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial In User Service, RFC 2138, 2139) for centralized user profile and accounting management on a network RADIUS server. Support for EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol, RFC 2486) that allows additional authentication methods to be deployed with no changes to the access point or the wireless clients. RADIUS RADIUS is based on a client-server model that supports authentication, authorization and accounting. The access point is the client and the server is the RADIUS server. The RADIUS server handles the following tasks:
Authentication Determines the identity of the users. Authorization Determines the network services available to authenticated users once they are connected to the network. Accounting Keeps track of the clients network activity. 218 NBG4104 Users Guide Appendix E Wireless LANs RADIUS is a simple package exchange in which your AP acts as a message relay between the wireless client and the network RADIUS server. Types of RADIUS Messages The following types of RADIUS messages are exchanged between the access point and the RADIUS server for user authentication:
Access-Request Sent by an access point requesting authentication. Access-Reject Sent by a RADIUS server rejecting access. Access-Accept Sent by a RADIUS server allowing access. Access-Challenge Sent by a RADIUS server requesting more information in order to allow access. The access point sends a proper response from the user and then sends another Access-Request message. The following types of RADIUS messages are exchanged between the access point and the RADIUS server for user accounting:
Accounting-Request Sent by the access point requesting accounting. Accounting-Response Sent by the RADIUS server to indicate that it has started or stopped accounting. In order to ensure network security, the access point and the RADIUS server use a shared secret key, which is a password, they both know. The key is not sent over the network. In addition to the shared key, password information exchanged is also encrypted to protect the network from unauthorized access. Types of EAP Authentication This section discusses some popular authentication types: EAP-MD5, EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS, PEAP and LEAP. Your wireless LAN device may not support all authentication types. EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) is an authentication protocol that runs on top of the IEEE 802.1x transport mechanism in order to support multiple types of user authentication. By using EAP to interact with an EAP-compatible RADIUS server, an access point helps a wireless station and a RADIUS server perform authentication. The type of authentication you use depends on the RADIUS server and an intermediary AP(s) that supports IEEE 802.1x. For EAP-TLS authentication type, you must first have a wired connection to the network and obtain the certificate(s) from a certificate authority (CA). A certificate (also called digital IDs) can be used to authenticate users and a CA issues certificates and guarantees the identity of each certificate owner. NBG4104 Users Guide 219 Appendix E Wireless LANs EAP-MD5 (Message-Digest Algorithm 5) MD5 authentication is the simplest one-way authentication method. The authentication server sends a challenge to the wireless client. The wireless client proves that it knows the password by encrypting the password with the challenge and sends back the information. Password is not sent in plain text. However, MD5 authentication has some weaknesses. Since the authentication server needs to get the plaintext passwords, the passwords must be stored. Thus someone other than the authentication server may access the password file. In addition, it is possible to impersonate an authentication server as MD5 authentication method does not perform mutual authentication. Finally, MD5 authentication method does not support data encryption with dynamic session key. You must configure WEP encryption keys for data encryption. EAP-TLS (Transport Layer Security) With EAP-TLS, digital certifications are needed by both the server and the wireless clients for mutual authentication. The server presents a certificate to the client. After validating the identity of the server, the client sends a different certificate to the server. The exchange of certificates is done in the open before a secured tunnel is created. This makes user identity vulnerable to passive attacks. A digital certificate is an electronic ID card that authenticates the senders identity. However, to implement EAP-TLS, you need a Certificate Authority (CA) to handle certificates, which imposes a management overhead. EAP-TTLS (Tunneled Transport Layer Service) EAP-TTLS is an extension of the EAP-TLS authentication that uses certificates for only the server-
side authentications to establish a secure connection. Client authentication is then done by sending username and password through the secure connection, thus client identity is protected. For client authentication, EAP-TTLS supports EAP methods and legacy authentication methods such as PAP, CHAP, MS-CHAP and MS-CHAP v2. PEAP (Protected EAP) Like EAP-TTLS, server-side certificate authentication is used to establish a secure connection, then use simple username and password methods through the secured connection to authenticate the clients, thus hiding client identity. However, PEAP only supports EAP methods, such as EAP-MD5, EAP-MSCHAPv2 and EAP-GTC (EAP-Generic Token Card), for client authentication. EAP-GTC is implemented only by Cisco. LEAP LEAP (Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol) is a Cisco implementation of IEEE 802.1x. Dynamic WEP Key Exchange The AP maps a unique key that is generated with the RADIUS server. This key expires when the wireless connection times out, disconnects or reauthentication times out. A new WEP key is generated each time reauthentication is performed. 220 NBG4104 Users Guide Appendix E Wireless LANs If this feature is enabled, it is not necessary to configure a default encryption key in the wireless security configuration screen. You may still configure and store keys, but they will not be used while dynamic WEP is enabled. Note: EAP-MD5 cannot be used with Dynamic WEP Key Exchange For added security, certificate-based authentications (EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS and PEAP) use dynamic keys for data encryption. They are often deployed in corporate environments, but for public deployment, a simple user name and password pair is more practical. The following table is a comparison of the features of authentication types. Table 80 Comparison of EAP Authentication Types EAP-TLS Yes EAP-MD5 No Mutual Authentication EAP-TTLS Yes PEAP Yes Optional Optional Yes Yes Yes Yes LEAP Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Strong Strong Strong Moderate Hard No Moderate Moderate Moderate Yes Yes No Certificate Client Certificate Server Dynamic Key Exchange Credential Integrity Deployment Difficulty No No No None Easy Client Identity Protection No WPA and WPA2 Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) is a subset of the IEEE 802.11i standard. WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i) is a wireless security standard that defines stronger encryption, authentication and key management than WPA. Key differences between WPA or WPA2 and WEP are improved data encryption and user authentication. If both an AP and the wireless clients support WPA2 and you have an external RADIUS server, use WPA2 for stronger data encryption. If you don't have an external RADIUS server, you should use WPA2-PSK (WPA2-Pre-Shared Key) that only requires a single (identical) password entered into each access point, wireless gateway and wireless client. As long as the passwords match, a wireless client will be granted access to a WLAN. If the AP or the wireless clients do not support WPA2, just use WPA or WPA-PSK depending on whether you have an external RADIUS server or not. Select WEP only when the AP and/or wireless clients do not support WPA or WPA2. WEP is less secure than WPA or WPA2. Encryption WPA improves data encryption by using Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP), Message Integrity Check (MIC) and IEEE 802.1x. WPA2 also uses TKIP when required for compatibility reasons, but offers stronger encryption than TKIP with Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) in the Counter mode with Cipher block chaining Message authentication code Protocol (CCMP). TKIP uses 128-bit keys that are dynamically generated and distributed by the authentication server. AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) is a block cipher that uses a 256-bit mathematical algorithm NBG4104 Users Guide 221 Appendix E Wireless LANs called Rijndael. They both include a per-packet key mixing function, a Message Integrity Check
(MIC) named Michael, an extended initialization vector (IV) with sequencing rules, and a re-keying mechanism. WPA and WPA2 regularly change and rotate the encryption keys so that the same encryption key is never used twice. The RADIUS server distributes a Pairwise Master Key (PMK) key to the AP that then sets up a key hierarchy and management system, using the PMK to dynamically generate unique data encryption keys to encrypt every data packet that is wirelessly communicated between the AP and the wireless clients. This all happens in the background automatically. The Message Integrity Check (MIC) is designed to prevent an attacker from capturing data packets, altering them and resending them. The MIC provides a strong mathematical function in which the receiver and the transmitter each compute and then compare the MIC. If they do not match, it is assumed that the data has been tampered with and the packet is dropped. By generating unique data encryption keys for every data packet and by creating an integrity checking mechanism (MIC), with TKIP and AES it is more difficult to decrypt data on a Wi-Fi network than WEP and difficult for an intruder to break into the network. The encryption mechanisms used for WPA(2) and WPA(2)-PSK are the same. The only difference between the two is that WPA(2)-PSK uses a simple common password, instead of user-specific credentials. The common-password approach makes WPA(2)-PSK susceptible to brute-force password-guessing attacks but its still an improvement over WEP as it employs a consistent, single, alphanumeric password to derive a PMK which is used to generate unique temporal encryption keys. This prevent all wireless devices sharing the same encryption keys. (a weakness of WEP) User Authentication WPA and WPA2 apply IEEE 802.1x and Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) to authenticate wireless clients using an external RADIUS database. WPA2 reduces the number of key exchange messages from six to four (CCMP 4-way handshake) and shortens the time required to connect to a network. Other WPA2 authentication features that are different from WPA include key caching and pre-authentication. These two features are optional and may not be supported in all wireless devices. Key caching allows a wireless client to store the PMK it derived through a successful authentication with an AP. The wireless client uses the PMK when it tries to connect to the same AP and does not need to go with the authentication process again. Pre-authentication enables fast roaming by allowing the wireless client (already connecting to an AP) to perform IEEE 802.1x authentication with another AP before connecting to it. Wireless Client WPA Supplicants A wireless client supplicant is the software that runs on an operating system instructing the wireless client how to use WPA. At the time of writing, the most widely available supplicant is the WPA patch for Windows XP, Funk Software's Odyssey client. The Windows XP patch is a free download that adds WPA capability to Windows XP's built-in "Zero Configuration" wireless client. However, you must run Windows XP to use it. 222 NBG4104 Users Guide Appendix E Wireless LANs WPA(2) with RADIUS Application Example To set up WPA(2), you need the IP address of the RADIUS server, its port number (default is 1812), and the RADIUS shared secret. A WPA(2) application example with an external RADIUS server looks as follows. "A" is the RADIUS server. "DS" is the distribution system. 1 2 3 4 The AP passes the wireless client's authentication request to the RADIUS server. The RADIUS server then checks the user's identification against its database and grants or denies network access accordingly. A 256-bit Pairwise Master Key (PMK) is derived from the authentication process by the RADIUS server and the client. The RADIUS server distributes the PMK to the AP. The AP then sets up a key hierarchy and management system, using the PMK to dynamically generate unique data encryption keys. The keys are used to encrypt every data packet that is wirelessly communicated between the AP and the wireless clients. Figure 124 WPA(2) with RADIUS Application Example WPA(2)-PSK Application Example A WPA(2)-PSK application looks as follows. 1 2 3 First enter identical passwords into the AP and all wireless clients. The Pre-Shared Key (PSK) must consist of between 8 and 63 ASCII characters or 64 hexadecimal characters (including spaces and symbols). The AP checks each wireless client's password and allows it to join the network only if the password matches. The AP and wireless clients generate a common PMK (Pairwise Master Key). The key itself is not sent over the network, but is derived from the PSK and the SSID. NBG4104 Users Guide 223 Appendix E Wireless LANs 4 The AP and wireless clients use the TKIP or AES encryption process, the PMK and information exchanged in a handshake to create temporal encryption keys. They use these keys to encrypt data exchanged between them. Figure 125 WPA(2)-PSK Authentication Security Parameters Summary Refer to this table to see what other security parameters you should configure for each authentication method or key management protocol type. MAC address filters are not dependent on how you configure these security features. Table 81 Wireless Security Relational Matrix AUTHENTICATION METHOD/ KEY MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL Open ENCRYPTIO N METHOD None No ENTER MANUAL KEY IEEE 802.1X Disable Enable without Dynamic WEP Key Open WEP No Enable with Dynamic WEP Key Yes Yes Enable without Dynamic WEP Key Disable Shared WEP No Enable with Dynamic WEP Key Yes Yes No Yes No Yes TKIP/AES TKIP/AES TKIP/AES TKIP/AES Enable without Dynamic WEP Key Disable Enable Disable Enable Disable WPA WPA-PSK WPA2 WPA2-PSK Antenna Overview An antenna couples RF signals onto air. A transmitter within a wireless device sends an RF signal to the antenna, which propagates the signal through the air. The antenna also operates in reverse by capturing RF signals from the air. 224 NBG4104 Users Guide Positioning the antennas properly increases the range and coverage area of a wireless LAN. Appendix E Wireless LANs Antenna Characteristics Frequency An antenna in the frequency of 2.4GHz (IEEE 802.11b and IEEE 802.11g) or 5GHz (IEEE 802.11a) is needed to communicate efficiently in a wireless LAN Radiation Pattern A radiation pattern is a diagram that allows you to visualize the shape of the antennas coverage area. Antenna Gain Antenna gain, measured in dB (decibel), is the increase in coverage within the RF beam width. Higher antenna gain improves the range of the signal for better communications. For an indoor site, each 1 dB increase in antenna gain results in a range increase of approximately 2.5%. For an unobstructed outdoor site, each 1dB increase in gain results in a range increase of approximately 5%. Actual results may vary depending on the network environment. Antenna gain is sometimes specified in dBi, which is how much the antenna increases the signal power compared to using an isotropic antenna. An isotropic antenna is a theoretical perfect antenna that sends out radio signals equally well in all directions. dBi represents the true gain that the antenna provides. Types of Antennas for WLAN There are two types of antennas used for wireless LAN applications. Omni-directional antennas send the RF signal out in all directions on a horizontal plane. The coverage area is torus-shaped (like a donut) which makes these antennas ideal for a room environment. With a wide coverage area, it is possible to make circular overlapping coverage areas with multiple access points. Directional antennas concentrate the RF signal in a beam, like a flashlight does with the light from its bulb. The angle of the beam determines the width of the coverage pattern. Angles typically range from 20 degrees (very directional) to 120 degrees (less directional). Directional antennas are ideal for hallways and outdoor point-to-point applications. Positioning Antennas In general, antennas should be mounted as high as practically possible and free of obstructions. In point-topoint application, position both antennas at the same height and in a direct line of sight to each other to attain the best performance. For omni-directional antennas mounted on a table, desk, and so on, point the antenna up. For omni-directional antennas mounted on a wall or ceiling, point the antenna down. For a single AP application, place omni-directional antennas as close to the center of the coverage area as possible. NBG4104 Users Guide 225 Appendix E Wireless LANs For directional antennas, point the antenna in the direction of the desired coverage area. 226 NBG4104 Users Guide APPENDIX F Common Services The following table lists some commonly-used services and their associated protocols and port numbers. For a comprehensive list of port numbers, ICMP type/code numbers and services, visit the IANA (Internet Assigned Number Authority) web site. Name: This is a short, descriptive name for the service. You can use this one or create a different one, if you like. Protocol: This is the type of IP protocol used by the service. If this is TCP/UDP, then the service uses the same port number with TCP and UDP. If this is USER-DEFINED, the Port(s) is the IP protocol number, not the port number. Port(s): This value depends on the Protocol. Please refer to RFC 1700 for further information about port numbers. If the Protocol is TCP, UDP, or TCP/UDP, this is the IP port number. If the Protocol is USER, this is the IP protocol number. Description: This is a brief explanation of the applications that use this service or the situations in which this service is used. Table 82 Commonly Used Services NAME AH
(IPSEC_TUNNEL) PROTOCOL User-Defined AIM/New-ICQ AUTH BGP BOOTP_CLIENT BOOTP_SERVER CU-SEEME TCP TCP TCP UDP UDP TCP UDP DNS TCP/UDP ESP
(IPSEC_TUNNEL) User-Defined FINGER H.323 TCP TCP TCP TCP PORT(S) 51 5190 113 179 68 67 7648 24032 53 50 79 20 21 DESCRIPTION The IPSEC AH (Authentication Header) tunneling protocol uses this service. AOLs Internet Messenger service. It is also used as a listening port by ICQ. Authentication protocol used by some servers. Border Gateway Protocol. DHCP Client. DHCP Server. A popular videoconferencing solution from White Pines Software. Domain Name Server, a service that matches web names (for example www.zyxel.com) to IP numbers. The IPSEC ESP (Encapsulation Security Protocol) tunneling protocol uses this service. Finger is a UNIX or Internet related command that can be used to find out if a user is logged on. File Transfer Program, a program to enable fast transfer of files, including large files that may not be possible by e-mail. 1720 NetMeeting uses this protocol. NBG4104 Users Guide 227 Appendix F Common Services Table 82 Commonly Used Services (continued) NAME HTTP PROTOCOL TCP PORT(S) 80 443 1 4000 2 500 6667 1863 5190 144 2049 119 HTTPS ICMP ICQ TCP User-Defined UDP IGMP (MULTICAST) User-Defined IKE IRC UDP TCP/UDP MSN Messenger TCP NEW-ICQ NEWS NFS NNTP PING POP3 PPTP PPTP_TUNNEL
(GRE) RCMD REAL_AUDIO REXEC RLOGIN RTELNET RTSP TCP TCP UDP TCP User-Defined 1 TCP TCP 110 1723 User-Defined 47 TCP TCP TCP TCP TCP TCP/UDP 512 7070 514 513 107 554 DESCRIPTION Hyper Text Transfer Protocol - a client/
server protocol for the world wide web. HTTPS is a secured http session often used in e-commerce. Internet Control Message Protocol is often used for diagnostic or routing purposes. This is a popular Internet chat program. Internet Group Management Protocol is used when sending packets to a specific group of hosts. The Internet Key Exchange algorithm is used for key distribution and management. This is another popular Internet chat program. Microsoft Networks messenger service uses this protocol. An Internet chat program. A protocol for news groups. Network File System - NFS is a client/
server distributed file service that provides transparent file sharing for network environments. Network News Transport Protocol is the delivery mechanism for the USENET newsgroup service. Packet INternet Groper is a protocol that sends out ICMP echo requests to test whether or not a remote host is reachable. Post Office Protocol version 3 lets a client computer get e-mail from a POP3 server through a temporary connection (TCP/IP or other). Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol enables secure transfer of data over public networks. This is the control channel. PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) enables secure transfer of data over public networks. This is the data channel. Remote Command Service. A streaming audio service that enables real time sound over the web. Remote Execution Daemon. Remote Login. Remote Telnet. The Real Time Streaming (media control) Protocol (RTSP) is a remote control for multimedia on the Internet. S TCP 115 Simple File Transfer Protocol. 228 NBG4104 Users Guide Table 82 Commonly Used Services (continued) NAME SMTP PROTOCOL TCP PORT(S) 25 SNMP SNMP-TRAPS SQL-NET TCP/UDP TCP/UDP TCP SSH STRM WORKS SYSLOG TACACS TELNET TCP/UDP UDP UDP UDP TCP T UDP 161 162 1521 22 1558 514 49 23 69 Appendix F Common Services DESCRIPTION Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is the message-exchange standard for the Internet. SMTP enables you to move messages from one e-mail server to another. Simple Network Management Program. Traps for use with the SNMP (RFC:1215). Structured Query Language is an interface to access data on many different types of database systems, including mainframes, midrange systems, UNIX systems and network servers. Secure Shell Remote Login Program. Stream Works Protocol. Syslog allows you to send system logs to a UNIX server. Login Host Protocol used for (Terminal Access Controller Access Control System). Telnet is the login and terminal emulation protocol common on the Internet and in UNIX environments. It operates over TCP/
IP networks. Its primary function is to allow users to log into remote host systems. Trivial File Transfer Protocol is an Internet file transfer protocol similar to , but uses the UDP (User Datagram Protocol) rather than TCP (Transmission Control Protocol). VDOLIVE TCP 7000 Another videoconferencing solution. NBG4104 Users Guide 229 Appendix F Common Services 230 NBG4104 Users Guide APPENDIX G Legal Information Copyright Copyright 2011 by ZyXEL Communications Corporation. The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any part or as a whole, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, translated into any language, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, photocopying, manual, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of ZyXEL Communications Corporation. Published by ZyXEL Communications Corporation. All rights reserved. Disclaimer ZyXEL does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any products, or software described herein. Neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the patent rights of others. ZyXEL further reserves the right to make changes in any products described herein without notice. This publication is subject to change without notice. TradeMarks NetUSB is a trademark of ZyXEL Communications, Inc. Other trademarks mentioned in this publication are used for identification purposes only and may be properties of their respective owners. Certifications Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Interference Statement The device complies with Part 15 of FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
This device may not cause harmful interference. This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operations. This device has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This device generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy, and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. NBG4104 Users Guide 231 Appendix G Legal Information 1 2 3 4 1 2 If this device does cause harmful interference to radio/television reception, which can be determined by turning the device off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver. Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. FCC Radiation Exposure Statement This transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. IEEE 802.11b or 802.11g operation of this product in the U.S.A. is firmware-limited to channels 1 through 11. To comply with FCC RF exposure compliance requirements, a separation distance of at least 20 cm must be maintained between the antenna of this device and all persons. Industry Canada Statement This device complies with RSS-210 of the Industry Canada Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
this device may not cause interference and this device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device This device has been designed to operate with an antenna having a maximum gain of 2dBi and 5dBi. Antenna having a higher gain is strictly prohibited per regulations of Industry Canada. The required antenna impedance is 50 ohms. To reduce potential radio interference to other users, the antenna type and its gain should be so chosen that the EIRP is not more than required for successful communication. IMPORTANT NOTE:
IC Radiation Exposure Statement:
This equipment complies with IC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment. This equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance 20cm between the radiator & your body. 232 NBG4104 Users Guide Appendix G Legal Information
Notices Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment. This device has been designed for the WLAN 2.4 GHz network throughout the EC region and Switzerland, with restrictions in France. This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003. Cet appareil numrique de la classe B est conforme la norme NMB-003 du Canada. Viewing Certifications 1 Go to http://www.zyxel.com. 2 3 Select your product on the ZyXEL home page to go to that product's page. Select the certification you wish to view from this page. ZyXEL Limited Warranty ZyXEL warrants to the original end user (purchaser) that this product is free from any defects in materials or workmanship for a period of up to two years from the date of purchase. During the warranty period, and upon proof of purchase, should the product have indications of failure due to faulty workmanship and/or materials, ZyXEL will, at its discretion, repair or replace the defective products or components without charge for either parts or labor, and to whatever extent it shall deem necessary to restore the product or components to proper operating condition. Any replacement will consist of a new or re-manufactured functionally equivalent product of equal or higher value, and will be solely at the discretion of ZyXEL. This warranty shall not apply if the product has been modified, misused, tampered with, damaged by an act of God, or subjected to abnormal working conditions. Note Repair or replacement, as provided under this warranty, is the exclusive remedy of the purchaser. This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, express or implied, including any implied warranty of NBG4104 Users Guide 233 Appendix G Legal Information merchantability or fitness for a particular use or purpose. ZyXEL shall in no event be held liable for indirect or consequential damages of any kind to the purchaser. To obtain the services of this warranty, contact your vendor. You may also refer to the warranty policy for the region in which you bought the device at http://www.zyxel.com/web/
support_warranty_info.php. Registration Register your product online to receive e-mail notices of firmware upgrades and information at www.zyxel.com for global products, or at www.us.zyxel.com for North American products. End-User License Agreement WARNING: ZyXEL Communications Corp. IS WILLING TO LICENSE THE ENCLOSED SOFTWARE TO YOU ONLY UPON THE CONDITION THAT YOU ACCEPT ALL OF THE TERMS CONTAINED IN THIS LICENSE AGREEMENT. PLEASE READ THE TERMS CAREFULLY BEFORE COMPLETING THE INSTALLATION PROCESS AS INSTALLING THE SOFTWARE WILL INDICATE YOUR ASSENT TO THEM. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO THESE TERMS, THEN ZyXEL, INC. IS UNWILLING TO LICENSE THE SOFTWARE TO YOU, IN WHICH EVENT YOU SHOULD RETURN THE UNINSTALLED SOFTWARE AND PACKAGING TO THE PLACE FROM WHICH IT WAS ACQUIRED, AND YOUR MONEY WILL BE REFUNDED. 1 Grant of License for Personal Use ZyXEL Communications Corp. ("ZyXEL") grants you a non-exclusive, non-sublicense, non-
transferable license to use the program with which this license is distributed (the "Software"), including any documentation files accompanying the Software ("Documentation"), for internal business use only, for up to the number of users specified in sales order and invoice. You have the right to make one backup copy of the Software and Documentation solely for archival, back-up or disaster recovery purposes. You shall not exceed the scope of the license granted hereunder. Any rights not expressly granted by ZyXEL to you are reserved by ZyXEL, and all implied licenses are disclaimed. 2 Ownership You have no ownership rights in the Software. Rather, you have a license to use the Software as long as this License Agreement remains in full force and effect. Ownership of the Software, Documentation and all intellectual property rights therein shall remain at all times with ZyXEL. Any other use of the Software by any other entity is strictly forbidden and is a violation of this License Agreement. 3 Copyright The Software and Documentation contain material that is protected by United States Copyright Law and trade secret law, and by international treaty provisions. All rights not granted to you herein are expressly reserved by ZyXEL. You may not remove any proprietary notice of ZyXEL or any of its licensors from any copy of the Software or Documentation. 4 Restrictions You may not publish, display, disclose, sell, rent, lease, modify, store, loan, distribute, or create derivative works of the Software, or any part thereof. You may not assign, sublicense, convey or 234 NBG4104 Users Guide Appendix G Legal Information otherwise transfer, pledge as security or otherwise encumber the rights and licenses granted hereunder with respect to the Software. Certain components of the Software, and third party open source programs included with the Software, have been or may be made available by ZyXEL on its Open Source web site (://opensource.zyxel.com) (collectively the "Open-Sourced Components") You may modify or replace only these Open-Sourced Components; provided that you comply with the terms of this License and any applicable licensing terms governing use of the Open-Sourced Components. ZyXEL is not obligated to provide any maintenance, technical or other support for the resultant modified Software. You may not copy, reverse engineer, decompile, reverse compile, translate, adapt, or disassemble the Software, or any part thereof, nor shall you attempt to create the source code from the object code for the Software. Except as and only to the extent expressly permitted in this License, by applicable licensing terms governing use of the Open-Sourced Components, or by applicable law, you may not market, co-brand, private label or otherwise permit third parties to link to the Software, or any part thereof. You may not use the Software, or any part thereof, in the operation of a service bureau or for the benefit of any other person or entity. You may not cause, assist or permit any third party to do any of the foregoing. Portions of the Software utilize or include third party software and other copyright material. Acknowledgements, licensing terms and disclaimers for such material are contained in the online electronic documentation for the Software (://opensource.zyxel.com), and your use of such material is governed by their respective terms. ZyXEL has provided, as part of the Software package, access to certain third party software as a convenience. To the extent that the Software contains third party software, ZyXEL has no express or implied obligation to provide any technical or other support for such software. Please contact the appropriate software vendor or manufacturer directly for technical support and customer service related to its software and products. 5 Confidentiality You acknowledge that the Software contains proprietary trade secrets of ZyXEL and you hereby agree to maintain the confidentiality of the Software using at least as great a degree of care as you use to maintain the confidentiality of your own most confidential information. You agree to reasonably communicate the terms and conditions of this License Agreement to those persons employed by you who come into contact with the Software, and to use reasonable best efforts to ensure their compliance with such terms and conditions, including, without limitation, not knowingly permitting such persons to use any portion of the Software for the purpose of deriving the source code of the Software. 6 No Warranty THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS." TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, ZyXEL DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. ZyXEL DOES NOT WARRANT THAT THE FUNCTIONS CONTAINED IN THE SOFTWARE WILL MEET ANY REQUIREMENTS OR NEEDS YOU MAY HAVE, OR THAT THE SOFTWARE WILL OPERATE ERROR FREE, OR IN AN UNINTERUPTED FASHION, OR THAT ANY DEFECTS OR ERRORS IN THE SOFTWARE WILL BE CORRECTED, OR THAT THE SOFTWARE IS COMPATIBLE WITH ANY PARTICULAR PLATFORM. SOME JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE WAIVER OR EXCLUSION OF IMPLIED WARRANTIES SO THEY MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. IF THIS EXCLUSION IS HELD TO BE UNENFORCEABLE BY A COURT OF COMPETENT JURISDICTION, THEN ALL EXPRESS AND IMPLIED WARRANTIES SHALL BE LIMITED IN DURATION TO A PERIOD OF THIRTY (30) DAYS FROM THE DATE OF PURCHASE OF THE SOFTWARE, AND NO WARRANTIES SHALL APPLY AFTER THAT PERIOD. 7 Limitation of Liability IN NO EVENT WILL ZyXEL BE LIABLE TO YOU OR ANY THIRD PARTY FOR ANY INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, PUNITIVE, NBG4104 Users Guide 235 Appendix G Legal Information OR EXEMPLARY DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS, LOSS OF PROFITS, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, OR LOSS OF BUSINESS INFORMATION) ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM, OR FOR ANY CLAIM BY ANY OTHER PARTY, EVEN IF ZyXEL HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. ZyXEL's AGGREGATE LIABILITY WITH RESPECT TO ITS OBLIGATIONS UNDER THIS AGREEMENT OR OTHERWISE WITH RESPECT TO THE SOFTWARE AND DOCUMENTATION OR OTHERWISE SHALL BE EQUAL TO THE PURCHASE PRICE, BUT SHALL IN NO EVENT EXCEED THE PRODUCTS PRICE. BECAUSE SOME STATES/COUNTRIES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF LIABILITY FOR CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, THE ABOVE LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. 8 Export Restrictions THIS LICENSE AGREEMENT IS EXPRESSLY MADE SUBJECT TO ANY APPLICABLE LAWS, REGULATIONS, ORDERS, OR OTHER RESTRICTIONS ON THE EXPORT OF THE SOFTWARE OR INFORMATION ABOUT SUCH SOFTWARE WHICH MAY BE IMPOSED FROM TIME TO TIME. YOU SHALL NOT EXPORT THE SOFTWARE, DOCUMENTATION OR INFORMATION ABOUT THE SOFTWARE AND DOCUMENTATION WITHOUT COMPLYING WITH SUCH LAWS, REGULATIONS, ORDERS, OR OTHER RESTRICTIONS. YOU AGREE TO INDEMNIFY ZyXEL AGAINST ALL CLAIMS, LOSSES, DAMAGES, LIABILITIES, COSTS AND EXPENSES, INCLUDING REASONABLE ATTORNEYS' FEES, TO THE EXTENT SUCH CLAIMS ARISE OUT OF ANY BREACH OF THIS SECTION 8. 9 Audit Rights ZyXEL SHALL HAVE THE RIGHT, AT ITS OWN EXPENSE, UPON REASONABLE PRIOR NOTICE, TO PERIODICALLY INSPECT AND AUDIT YOUR RECORDS TO ENSURE YOUR COMPLIANCE WITH THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THIS LICENSE AGREEMENT. 10 Termination This License Agreement is effective until it is terminated. You may terminate this License Agreement at any time by destroying or returning to ZyXEL all copies of the Software and Documentation in your possession or under your control. ZyXEL may terminate this License Agreement for any reason, including, but not limited to, if ZyXEL finds that you have violated any of the terms of this License Agreement. Upon notification of termination, you agree to destroy or return to ZyXEL all copies of the Software and Documentation and to certify in writing that all known copies, including backup copies, have been destroyed. All provisions relating to confidentiality, proprietary rights, and non-disclosure shall survive the termination of this Software License Agreement. 11 General This License Agreement shall be construed, interpreted and governed by the laws of Republic of China without regard to conflicts of laws provisions thereof. The exclusive forum for any disputes arising out of or relating to this License Agreement shall be an appropriate court or Commercial Arbitration Association sitting in ROC, Taiwan. This License Agreement shall constitute the entire Agreement between the parties hereto. This License Agreement, the rights granted hereunder, the Software and Documentation shall not be assigned by you without the prior written consent of ZyXEL. Any waiver or modification of this License Agreement shall only be effective if it is in writing and signed by both parties hereto. If any part of this License Agreement is found invalid or unenforceable by a court of competent jurisdiction, the remainder of this License Agreement shall be interpreted so as to reasonably effect the intention of the parties. 236 NBG4104 Users Guide Appendix G Legal Information Note: Some components of this product incorporate source code covered under the Apache License, GPL License, LGPL License, Sun License, and Castor License. To obtain the source code covered under those Licenses, please check ://
opensource.zyxel.com to get it. Regulatory Information European Union The following information applies if you use the product within the European Union. Declaration of Conformity with Regard to EU Directive 1999/5/EC (R&TTE Directive) Compliance Information for 2.4GHz and 5GHz Wireless Products Relevant to the EU and Other Countries Following the EU Directive 1999/5/EC (R&TTE Directive)
[Czech]
[Danish]
[German]
[Estonian]
English
[Spanish]
[Greek]
[French]
[Italian]
[Latvian]
ZyXEL tmto prohlauje, e tento zazen je ve shod se zkladnmi poadavky a dalmi pslunmi ustanovenmi smrnice 1999/5/EC. Undertegnede ZyXEL erklrer herved, at flgende udstyr udstyr overholder de vsentlige krav og vrige relevante krav i direktiv 1999/5/EF. Hiermit erklrt ZyXEL, dass sich das Gert Ausstattung in bereinstimmung mit den grundlegenden Anforderungen und den brigen einschlgigen Bestimmungen der Richtlinie 1999/5/EU befindet. Kesolevaga kinnitab ZyXEL seadme seadmed vastavust direktiivi 1999/5/E phinuetele ja nimetatud direktiivist tulenevatele teistele asjakohastele stetele. Hereby, ZyXEL declares that this equipment is in compliance with the essential requirements and other relevant provisions of Directive 1999/5/EC. Por medio de la presente ZyXEL declara que el equipo cumple con los requisitos esenciales y cualesquiera otras disposiciones aplicables o exigibles de la Directiva 1999/5/CE. ZyXEL 1999/5/C. Par la prsente ZyXEL dclare que l'appareil quipements est conforme aux exigences essentielles et aux autres dispositions pertinentes de la directive 1999/5/EC. Con la presente ZyXEL dichiara che questo attrezzatura conforme ai requisiti essenziali ed alle altre disposizioni pertinenti stabilite dalla direttiva 1999/5/CE. Ar o ZyXEL deklar, ka iekrtas atbilst Direktvas 1999/5/EK btiskajm prasbm un citiem ar to saisttajiem noteikumiem.
[Lithuanian]
iuo ZyXEL deklaruoja, kad is ranga atitinka esminius reikalavimus ir kitas 1999/5/EB Direktyvos nuostatas.
[Dutch]
[Maltese]
[Hungarian]
[Polish]
[Portuguese]
Hierbij verklaart ZyXEL dat het toestel uitrusting in overeenstemming is met de essentile eisen en de andere relevante bepalingen van richtlijn 1999/5/EC. Hawnhekk, ZyXEL, jiddikjara li dan tagmir jikkonforma mal-tiijiet essenzjali u ma provvedimenti orajn relevanti li hemm fid-Dirrettiva 1999/5/EC. Alulrott, ZyXEL nyilatkozom, hogy a berendezs megfelel a vonatkoz alapvet kvetelmnyeknek s az 1999/5/EK irnyelv egyb elrsainak. Niniejszym ZyXEL owiadcza, e sprzt jest zgodny z zasadniczymi wymogami oraz pozostaymi stosownymi postanowieniami Dyrektywy 1999/5/EC. ZyXEL declara que este equipamento est conforme com os requisitos essenciais e outras disposies da Directiva 1999/5/EC. NBG4104 Users Guide 237 Appendix G Legal Information
[Slovenian]
[Slovak]
[Finnish]
[Swedish]
[Bulgarian]
[Icelandic]
[Norwegian]
[Romanian]
ZyXEL izjavlja, da je ta oprema v skladu z bistvenimi zahtevami in ostalimi relevantnimi doloili direktive 1999/5/EC. ZyXEL tmto vyhlasuje, e zariadenia spa zkladn poiadavky a vetky prslun ustanovenia Smernice 1999/5/EC. ZyXEL vakuuttaa tten ett laitteet tyyppinen laite on direktiivin 1999/5/EY oleellisten vaatimusten ja sit koskevien direktiivin muiden ehtojen mukainen. Hrmed intygar ZyXEL att denna utrustning str I verensstmmelse med de vsentliga egenskapskrav och vriga relevanta bestmmelser som framgr av direktiv 1999/5/EC. ZyXEL , 1999/5/C. Hr me lsir, ZyXEL v yfir a essi bnaur er samrmi vi grunnkrfur og nnur vieigandi kvi tilskipunar 1999/5/EC. Erklrer herved ZyXEL at dette utstyret er I samsvar med de grunnleggende kravene og andre relevante bestemmelser I direktiv 1999/5/EF. Prin prezenta, ZyXEL declar c acest echipament este n conformitate cu cerinele eseniale i alte prevederi relevante ale Directivei 1999/5/EC. National Restrictions This product may be used in all EU countries (and other countries following the EU directive 1999/
5/EC) without any limitation except for the countries mentioned below:
Ce produit peut tre utilis dans tous les pays de lUE (et dans tous les pays ayant transposs la directive 1999/5/CE) sans aucune limitation, except pour les pays mentionns ci-dessous:
Questo prodotto utilizzabile in tutte i paesi EU (ed in tutti gli altri paesi che seguono le direttive EU 1999/5/EC) senza nessuna limitazione, eccetto per i paesii menzionati di seguito:
Das Produkt kann in allen EU Staaten ohne Einschrnkungen eingesetzt werden (sowie in anderen Staaten die der EU Direktive 1995/5/CE folgen) mit Aunahme der folgenden aufgefhrten Staaten:
In the majority of the EU and other European countries, the 2, 4- and 5-GHz bands have been made available for the use of wireless local area networks (LANs). Later in this document you will find an overview of countries inwhich additional restrictions or requirements or both are applicable. The requirements for any country may evolve. ZyXEL recommends that you check with the local authorities for the latest status of their national regulations for both the 2,4- and 5-GHz wireless LANs. The following countries have restrictions and/or requirements in addition to those given in the table labeled Overview of Regulatory Requirements for Wireless LANs:. Overview of Regulatory Requirements for Wireless LANs Frequency Band (MHz) Max Power Level Indoor ONLY Indoor and Outdoor
(EIRP)1 (mW) 238 NBG4104 Users Guide Appendix G Legal Information 2400-2483.5 5150-5350 5470-5725 Belgium 100 200 1000 V V V The Belgian Institute for Postal Services and Telecommunications (BIPT) must be notified of any outdoor wireless link having a range exceeding 300 meters. Please check http://www.bipt.be for more details. Draadloze verbindingen voor buitengebruik en met een reikwijdte van meer dan 300 meter dienen aangemeld te worden bij het Belgisch Instituut voor postdiensten en telecommunicatie (BIPT). Zie http://www.bipt.be voor meer gegevens. Les liaisons sans fil pour une utilisation en extrieur dune distance suprieure 300 mtres doivent tre notifies lInstitut Belge des services Postaux et des Tlcommunications (IBPT). Visitez http://www.ibpt.be pour de plus amples dtails. Denmark In Denmark, the band 5150 - 5350 MHz is also allowed for outdoor usage. I Danmark m frekvensbndet 5150 - 5350 ogs anvendes udendrs. France For 2.4 GHz, the output power is restricted to 10 mW EIRP when the product is used outdoors in the band 2454 - 2483.5 MHz. There are no restrictions when used indoors or in other parts of the 2.4 GHz band. Check http://www.arcep.fr/ for more details. Pour la bande 2.4 GHz, la puissance est limite 10 mW en p.i.r.e. pour les quipements utiliss en extrieur dans la bande 2454 - 2483.5 MHz. Il n'y a pas de restrictions pour des utilisations en intrieur ou dans d'autres parties de la bande 2.4 GHz. Consultez http://www.arcep.fr/ pour de plus amples dtails. R&TTE 1999/5/EC WLAN 2.4 2.4835 GHz IEEE 802.11 b/g/n Location Frequency Range(GHz) Indoor (No restrictions) Outdoor 2.4 2.4835 2.4 2.454 2.454 2.4835 Power (EIRP) 100mW (20dBm) 100mW (20dBm) 10mW (10dBm) Italy This product meets the National Radio Interface and the requirements specified in the National Frequency Allocation Table for Italy. Unless this wireless LAN product is operating within the boundaries of the owner's property, its use requires a general authorization. Please check http://
www.sviluppoeconomico.gov.it/ for more details. Questo prodotto conforme alla specifiche di Interfaccia Radio Nazionali e rispetta il Piano Nazionale di ripartizione delle frequenze in Italia. Se non viene installato all 'interno del proprio NBG4104 Users Guide 239 Appendix G Legal Information fondo, l'utilizzo di prodotti Wireless LAN richiede una Autorizzazione Generale. Consultare http://
www.sviluppoeconomico.gov.it/ per maggiori dettagli. Latvia The outdoor usage of the 2.4 GHz band requires an authorization from the Electronic Communications Office. Please check http://www.esd.lv for more details. 2.4 GHz frekvenu joslas izmantoanai rpus telpm nepiecieama atauja no Elektronisko sakaru direkcijas. Vairk informcijas: http://www.esd.lv. Notes:
1. Although Norway, Switzerland and Liechtenstein are not EU member states, the EU Directive 1999/5/EC has also been implemented in those countries. 2. The regulatory limits for maximum output power are specified in EIRP. The EIRP level (in dBm) of a device can be calculated by adding the gain of the antenna used(specified in dBi) to the output power available at the connector (specified in dBm). 240 NBG4104 Users Guide Index Index Configuration restore 148 content filtering 117 by keyword (in URL) 117 Cookies 118 copyright 231 CPU usage 34, 41 CTS (Clear to Send) 216 D DDNS 95 see also Dynamic DNS service providers 96 DHCP 26, 85 DHCP server see also Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP server 82, 85 DHCP table 27 DHCP client information DHCP status Dimensions 159 disclaimer 231 DNS 87 DNS Server 70 DNS server 87 Domain Name System 87 Domain Name System. See DNS. duplex setting 35, 41 Dynamic DNS 95 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol 85 dynamic WEP key exchange 220 DynDNS 96 DynDNS see also DDNS 96 DynDNS Wildcard 95 241 A ActiveX 118 Address Assignment 70 Advanced Encryption Standard See AES. AES 221 alternative subnet mask notation 177 antenna directional 225 gain 225 omni-directional 225 AP 17 AP (access point) 215 AP Mode menu 42 status screen 40 AP+Bridge 17 B Bandwidth management overview 130 Basic Service Set, See BSS 213 Bridge/Repeater 17 BSS 213 C CA 220 Certificate Authority See CA. certifications 231 notices 233 viewing 233 Channel 34, 41 channel 56, 215 interference 215 NBG4104 Users Guide Index E EAP Authentication 219 encryption 57, 221 and local (user) database 58 key 58 WPA compatible 58 ESS 214 ESSID 155 Extended Service Set, See ESS 214 F FCC interference statement 231 Firewall 112 Firewall overview guidelines 112 network security Stateful inspection 112 ZyXEL device firewall 112 firewall stateful inspection 111 Firmware upload 146 file extension using HTTP firmware version 34, 40 fragmentation threshold 216 G General wireless LAN screen 58 Guest WLAN 59 H hidden node 215 I IANA 182 242 IBSS 213 IEEE 802.11g 217 IGMP 71 see also Internet Group Multicast Protocol version IGMP version 71 Independent Basic Service Set See IBSS 213 initialization vector (IV) 222 Interface Group 107 Internet Assigned Numbers Authority See IANA 182 Internet Group Multicast Protocol 71 IP Address 83, 84, 92 IP alias 82 IP Pool 86 J Java 118 L LAN 81 IP pool setup 82 LAN overview 81 LAN setup 81 LAN TCP/IP 82 Language 148 Link type 34, 41 local (user) database 57 and encryption 58 Local Area Network 81 M MAC 62 MAC address 56, 70 cloning 70 MAC address filter 56 MAC address filtering 62 NBG4104 Users Guide MAC filter 62 managing the device good habits 17 using the web configurator. See web configurator. using the WPS. See WPS. dial-up connection preamble mode 217 product registration 234 PSK 222 MBSSID 17 Media access control 62 Memory usage 34, 41 Message Integrity Check (MIC) 221 mode 17 Multicast 71 IGMP 71 N NAT 89, 92, 182 global 90 how it works 91 inside 90 local 90 outside 90 overview 89 see also Network Address Translation server 91 NAT Traversal 136 Navigation Panel 35, 42 navigation panel 35, 42 Network Address Translation 89, 92 O Operating Channel 34, 41 operating mode 17 P Pairwise Master Key (PMK) 222, 223 Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet 75 Pool Size 86 port speed 35, 41 Power Specification 159 PPPoE 75 NBG4104 Users Guide Q Quality of Service (QoS) 65 R RADIUS 218 message types 219 messages 219 shared secret key 219 RADIUS server 57 registration product 234 related documentation 3 Remote management and NAT 121 limitations 121 Reset button 23 Reset the device 23 Restore configuration 148 RF (Radio Frequency) 160 Roaming 63 Router Mode status screen 33 RTS (Request To Send) 216 threshold 215, 216 RTS/CTS Threshold 55, 63, 64 S safety warnings 6 Scheduling 67 Service and port numbers 115, 135 Service Set 59 Service Set IDentification 59 Service Set IDentity. See SSID. Index 243 Index SSID 34, 41, 56, 59 stateful inspection firewall 111 Static DHCP 87 Static Route 97 Status 33 subnet 175 Subnet Mask 83, 84 subnet mask 176 subnetting 178 Summary DHCP table 26 Packet statistics 28 Wireless station status 28 syntax conventions 4 System General Setup 143 System restart 148 T TCP/IP configuration 85 Temperature 159 Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) 221 Time setting 145 U Universal Plug and Play 136 Application 136 Security issues 136 UPnP 136 URL Keyword Blocking 119 user authentication 57 local (user) database 57 RADIUS server 57 User Name 96 V VLAN operation 101 W WAN (Wide Area Network) 69 WAN advanced 79 WAN MAC address 70 warranty 233 note 233 Web Configurator how to access 21 Overview 21 web configurator 17 Web Proxy 118 WEP Encryption 61, 62 WEP encryption 60 WEP key 60 Wi-Fi Protected Access 221 Wildcard 95 Wireless association list 28 wireless channel 155 wireless client WPA supplicants 222 wireless LAN 155 wireless LAN scheduling 67 Wireless network basic guidelines 55 channel 56 encryption 57 example 55 MAC address filter 56 overview 55 security 56 SSID 56 Wireless security 56 overview 56 type 56 wireless security 155, 217 Wireless tutorial 45 WLAN interference 215 security parameters 224 WPA 221 key caching 222 pre-authentication 222 user authentication 222 vs WPA-PSK 222 wireless client supplicant 222 with RADIUS application example 223 244 NBG4104 Users Guide Index WPA compatible 58 WPA2 221 user authentication 222 vs WPA2-PSK 222 wireless client supplicant 222 with RADIUS application example 223 WPA2-Pre-Shared Key 221 WPA2-PSK 221, 222 application example 223 WPA-PSK 221, 222 application example 223 WPS 17 NBG4104 Users Guide 245 Index 246 NBG4104 Users Guide
frequency | equipment class | purpose | ||
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1 | 2012-01-17 | 2422 ~ 2452 | DTS - Digital Transmission System | Original Equipment |
app s | Applicant Information | |||||
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1 | Effective |
2012-01-17
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1 | Applicant's complete, legal business name |
ZyXEL Communications Corporation
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1 | FCC Registration Number (FRN) |
0021059092
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||||
1 | Physical Address |
No.2, Industry East Road IX, Science Park
|
||||
1 |
Hsinchu, N/A
|
|||||
1 |
Taiwan
|
|||||
app s | TCB Information | |||||
1 | TCB Application Email Address |
h******@acbcert.com
|
||||
1 | TCB Scope |
A4: UNII devices & low power transmitters using spread spectrum techniques
|
||||
app s | FCC ID | |||||
1 | Grantee Code |
I88
|
||||
1 | Equipment Product Code |
NBG4104
|
||||
app s | Person at the applicant's address to receive grant or for contact | |||||
1 | Name |
E******** B********
|
||||
1 | Title |
Section Manager
|
||||
1 | Telephone Number |
886 3******** Extension:
|
||||
1 | Fax Number |
886 3********
|
||||
1 |
E******@zyxel.com.tw
|
|||||
app s | Technical Contact | |||||
1 | Firm Name |
Intertek Testing Services Taiwan Ltd.
|
||||
1 | Name |
R**** D****
|
||||
1 | Physical Address |
11, Ln. 275 Ko Nan 1st Street Shiang-Shan District
|
||||
1 |
Hsinchu, 300
|
|||||
1 |
Taiwan
|
|||||
1 | Telephone Number |
886-3******** Extension:
|
||||
1 | Fax Number |
886-3********
|
||||
1 |
R******@intertek.com
|
|||||
app s | Non Technical Contact | |||||
n/a | ||||||
app s | Confidentiality (long or short term) | |||||
1 | Does this application include a request for confidentiality for any portion(s) of the data contained in this application pursuant to 47 CFR § 0.459 of the Commission Rules?: | Yes | ||||
1 | Long-Term Confidentiality Does this application include a request for confidentiality for any portion(s) of the data contained in this application pursuant to 47 CFR § 0.459 of the Commission Rules?: | No | ||||
if no date is supplied, the release date will be set to 45 calendar days past the date of grant. | ||||||
app s | Cognitive Radio & Software Defined Radio, Class, etc | |||||
1 | Is this application for software defined/cognitive radio authorization? | No | ||||
1 | Equipment Class | DTS - Digital Transmission System | ||||
1 | Description of product as it is marketed: (NOTE: This text will appear below the equipment class on the grant) | Wireless N-lite Managed Router | ||||
1 | Related OET KnowledgeDataBase Inquiry: Is there a KDB inquiry associated with this application? | No | ||||
1 | Modular Equipment Type | Does not apply | ||||
1 | Purpose / Application is for | Original Equipment | ||||
1 | Composite Equipment: Is the equipment in this application a composite device subject to an additional equipment authorization? | No | ||||
1 | Related Equipment: Is the equipment in this application part of a system that operates with, or is marketed with, another device that requires an equipment authorization? | No | ||||
1 | Grant Comments | Power Output listed is conducted. The antenna used for this transmitter must be installed to provide a separation distance of at least 20 cm from all persons and not be co-located with any other transmitters except in accordance with FCC multi-transmitter product procedures. End-users and installers must be provided with antenna installation instructions and transmitter operating conditions for satisfying RF exposure compliance. | ||||
1 | Is there an equipment authorization waiver associated with this application? | No | ||||
1 | If there is an equipment authorization waiver associated with this application, has the associated waiver been approved and all information uploaded? | No | ||||
app s | Test Firm Name and Contact Information | |||||
1 | Firm Name |
Intertek Testing Services Taiwan Ltd.
|
||||
1 | Name |
A******** L********
|
||||
1 | Telephone Number |
886-3******** Extension:
|
||||
1 | Fax Number |
886-3********
|
||||
1 |
a******@intertek.com
|
|||||
Equipment Specifications | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Line | Rule Parts | Grant Notes | Lower Frequency | Upper Frequency | Power Output | Tolerance | Emission Designator | Microprocessor Number | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1 | 1 | 15C | 2412 | 2462 | 0.203 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1 | 2 | 15C | 2422 | 2452 | 0.167 |
some individual PII (Personally Identifiable Information) available on the public forms may be redacted, original source may include additional details
This product uses the FCC Data API but is not endorsed or certified by the FCC