FCC ID: I88NBG-419NV2 Wireless N NetUSB Router

NBG-419N v2 Wireless N NetUSB Router Default Login Details LAN IP Address Password http://192.168.1.1 1234 Version 1.00 Edition 2, 03/2012 www.zyxel.com www.zyxel.com IMPORTANT!

READ CAREFULLY BEFORE USE. KEEP THIS GUIDE FOR FUTURE REFERENCE. Copyright 2012 ZyXEL Communications Corporation IMPORTANT!

READ CAREFULLY BEFORE USE. KEEP THIS GUIDE FOR FUTURE REFERENCE. Graphics in this book may differ slightly from the product due to differences in operating systems, operating system versions, or if you installed updated firmware/software for your device. Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this manual is accurate. Related Documentation Quick Start Guide The Quick Start Guid shows how to connect the NBG-419N v2 and access the Web Configurator . 2 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Contents Overview Contents Overview Users Guide .......................................................................................................................................13 Getting to Know Your Router ..................................................................................................................15 The WPS Button .....................................................................................................................................20 ZyXEL NetUSB Share Center Utility .......................................................................................................21 Connection Wizard ..................................................................................................................................29 Introducing the Web Configurator ...........................................................................................................39 Monitor ....................................................................................................................................................45 Router Modes ..........................................................................................................................................51 Easy Mode ..............................................................................................................................................53 Router Mode ...........................................................................................................................................64 Access Point Mode .................................................................................................................................71 WISP Mode .............................................................................................................................................78 Tutorials ..................................................................................................................................................89 Technical Reference ........................................................................................................................101 Wireless LAN ........................................................................................................................................103 WAN ...................................................................................................................................................... 119 LAN .......................................................................................................................................................133 DHCP Server ........................................................................................................................................137 Network Address Translation (NAT) ......................................................................................................141 Dynamic DNS ........................................................................................................................................147 Static Route ...........................................................................................................................................149 RIP ........................................................................................................................................................153 Firewall ..................................................................................................................................................155 Content Filter .........................................................................................................................................159 Bandwidth Management .......................................................................................................................163 Remote Management ............................................................................................................................170 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) ...........................................................................................................173 Maintenance ..........................................................................................................................................181 Troubleshooting ....................................................................................................................................191 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 3 Contents Overview 4 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Table of Contents Table of Contents Contents Overview ..............................................................................................................................3 Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................5 Part I: Users Guide ......................................................................................... 13 Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Router.............................................................................................................15 1.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................15 1.2 Applications .......................................................................................................................................15 1.3 Ways to Manage the Router .............................................................................................................15 1.4 Good Habits for Managing the Router ..............................................................................................16 1.5 LEDs .................................................................................................................................................17 1.6 Wall-mounting Instructions ................................................................................................................18 Chapter 2 The WPS Button..................................................................................................................................20 2.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................20 Chapter 3 ZyXEL NetUSB Share Center Utility..................................................................................................21 3.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................21 3.1.1 Quick Setup .............................................................................................................................21 3.1.2 Installing ZyXEL NetUSB Share Center Utility .........................................................................21 3.2 The ZyXEL NetUSB Share Center Utility ..........................................................................................22 3.2.1 The Menus ...............................................................................................................................23 3.2.2 The ZyXEL NetUSB Share Center Configuration Window ......................................................25 3.2.3 The Auto-Connect Printer List Window ...................................................................................25 3.2.4 Exit the ZyXEL NetUSB Share Center Utility ...........................................................................26 Chapter 4 Connection Wizard .............................................................................................................................29 4.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................29 4.2 Accessing the Wizard ........................................................................................................................29 4.3 Connect to Internet ............................................................................................................................30 4.3.1 Connection Type: DHCP .........................................................................................................31 4.3.2 Connection Type: Static IP ......................................................................................................31 4.3.3 Connection Type: PPPoE ........................................................................................................32 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 5 Table of Contents 4.3.4 Connection Type: PPTP ..........................................................................................................33 4.3.5 Connection Type: L2TP ...........................................................................................................34 4.4 Router Password ...............................................................................................................................36 4.5 Wireless Security ..............................................................................................................................36 4.5.1 Wireless Security: No Security ................................................................................................36 4.5.2 Wireless Security: WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK ...............................................................................37 Chapter 5 Introducing the Web Configurator ....................................................................................................39 5.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................39 5.2 Accessing the Web Configurator .......................................................................................................39 5.2.1 Login Screen ...........................................................................................................................39 5.2.2 Password Screen ....................................................................................................................40 5.2.3 Home Screen ...........................................................................................................................41 5.3 Resetting the Router .........................................................................................................................43 5.3.1 Procedure to Use the Reset Button .........................................................................................43 Chapter 6 Monitor.................................................................................................................................................45 6.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................45 6.2 What You Can Do .............................................................................................................................45 6.3 The Log Screen .................................................................................................................................45 6.3.1 View Log ..................................................................................................................................45 6.4 BW MGMT Monitor ...........................................................................................................................47 6.5 DHCP Table ...................................................................................................................................47 6.6 Packet Statistics .............................................................................................................................48 6.7 WLAN Station Status .....................................................................................................................49 Chapter 7 Router Modes......................................................................................................................................51 7.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................51 7.1.1 Web Configurator Modes .........................................................................................................51 7.1.2 Device Modes ..........................................................................................................................51 Chapter 8 Easy Mode ...........................................................................................................................................53 8.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................53 8.2 What You Can Do .............................................................................................................................54 8.3 What You Need to Know ...................................................................................................................54 8.4 Navigation Panel ...............................................................................................................................55 8.5 Network Map .....................................................................................................................................55 8.6 Control Panel ....................................................................................................................................56 8.6.1 Game Engine ...........................................................................................................................57 6 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Table of Contents 8.6.2 Power Saving ..........................................................................................................................57 8.6.3 Content Filter ...........................................................................................................................59 8.6.4 Bandwidth MGMT ....................................................................................................................59 8.6.5 Firewall ....................................................................................................................................60 8.6.6 Wireless Security .....................................................................................................................60 8.6.7 WPS ........................................................................................................................................62 8.7 Status Screen in Easy Mode .............................................................................................................63 Chapter 9 Router Mode........................................................................................................................................64 9.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................64 9.2 What You Can Do .............................................................................................................................64 9.3 Status Screen ....................................................................................................................................65 9.3.1 Navigation Panel .....................................................................................................................68 Chapter 10 Access Point Mode.............................................................................................................................71 10.1 Overview .........................................................................................................................................71 10.2 What You Can Do ...........................................................................................................................71 10.3 What You Need to Know .................................................................................................................71 10.3.1 Setting your Router to AP Mode ............................................................................................72 10.3.2 Accessing the Web Configurator in Access Point Mode ........................................................72 10.3.3 Configuring your WLAN, Bandwidth Management and Maintenance Settings ......................73 10.4 AP Mode Status Screen ..................................................................................................................74 10.5 LAN Screen .....................................................................................................................................76 Chapter 11 WISP Mode ..........................................................................................................................................78 11.1 Overview .........................................................................................................................................78 11.2 What You Can Do ............................................................................................................................78 11.3 What You Need to Know .................................................................................................................78 11.3.1 Setting your Router to WISP Mode ........................................................................................79 11.3.2 Accessing the Web Configurator in WISP Mode ...................................................................79 11.4 WISP Mode Status Screen ..............................................................................................................80 11.5 Wireless LAN General Screen ........................................................................................................82 11.5.1 Static WEP .............................................................................................................................84 11.5.2 WPA(2)-PSK ..........................................................................................................................85 11.5.3 Advance Screen .....................................................................................................................86 11.5.4 Site Survey Screen ................................................................................................................87 Chapter 12 Tutorials...............................................................................................................................................89 12.1 Overview .........................................................................................................................................89 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 7 Table of Contents 12.2 Connecting to the Internet from an Access Point ............................................................................89 12.3 Configuring Wireless Security Using WPS ......................................................................................89 12.3.1 Push Button Configuration (PBC) ..........................................................................................90 12.3.2 PIN Configuration ..................................................................................................................91 12.4 Enabling and Configuring Wireless Security (No WPS) ..................................................................93 12.4.1 Configure Your Notebook ......................................................................................................94 12.5 Connecting to USB Storage with the ZyXEL NetUSB Share Center Utility .....................................96 12.5.1 Multiple Connections to the USB Device ...............................................................................96 12.6 Automatically Connecting to a USB Printer .....................................................................................98 Part II: Technical Reference.......................................................................... 101 Chapter 13 Wireless LAN.....................................................................................................................................103 13.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................103 13.2 What You Can Do .........................................................................................................................103 13.3 What You Should Know ................................................................................................................104 13.3.1 Wireless Security Overview .................................................................................................104 13.4 General Wireless LAN Screen .....................................................................................................106 13.4.1 No Security ..........................................................................................................................107 13.4.2 WEP Encryption ..................................................................................................................108 13.4.3 WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK ......................................................................................................... 110 13.5 MAC Filter ..................................................................................................................................... 110 13.6 Wireless LAN Advanced Screen ................................................................................................... 111 13.7 Quality of Service (QoS) Screen ................................................................................................... 113 13.8 WPS Screen .................................................................................................................................. 114 13.9 WPS Station Screen ...................................................................................................................... 115 13.10 Scheduling Screen ...................................................................................................................... 116 13.11 WDS Screen ................................................................................................................................ 117 Chapter 14 WAN ................................................................................................................................................... 119 14.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................................... 119 14.2 What You Can Do ......................................................................................................................... 119 14.3 What You Need To Know .............................................................................................................. 119 14.3.1 Configuring Your Internet Connection ..................................................................................120 14.3.2 Multicast ..............................................................................................................................121 14.4 Internet Connection .......................................................................................................................121 14.4.1 Ethernet Encapsulation .......................................................................................................121 14.4.2 PPPoE Encapsulation .........................................................................................................123 14.4.3 PPTP Encapsulation ............................................................................................................125 8 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Table of Contents 14.4.4 L2TP Encapsulation ............................................................................................................128 14.5 Advanced WAN Screen ................................................................................................................130 14.6 IGMP Blocking Screen ..................................................................................................................131 Chapter 15 LAN ....................................................................................................................................................133 15.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................133 15.2 What You Can Do .........................................................................................................................133 15.3 What You Need To Know ..............................................................................................................134 15.3.1 IP Pool Setup .......................................................................................................................134 15.3.2 LAN TCP/IP .........................................................................................................................134 15.3.3 IP Alias ................................................................................................................................134 15.4 LAN IP Screen ..............................................................................................................................135 15.5 IP Alias Screen ..............................................................................................................................135 Chapter 16 DHCP Server .....................................................................................................................................137 16.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................137 16.2 What You Can Do .........................................................................................................................137 16.3 General Screen .............................................................................................................................137 16.4 Advanced Screen .......................................................................................................................138 Chapter 17 Network Address Translation (NAT)................................................................................................141 17.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................................141 17.2 What You Can Do .........................................................................................................................141 17.3 General NAT Screen .....................................................................................................................142 17.4 NAT Application Screen ..............................................................................................................142 17.5 NAT Advanced Screen ..................................................................................................................144 17.5.1 Trigger Port Forwarding Example ........................................................................................146 17.5.2 Two Points To Remember About Trigger Ports ...................................................................146 Chapter 18 Dynamic DNS ....................................................................................................................................147 18.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................147 18.2 What You Can Do .........................................................................................................................147 18.3 What You Need To Know ..............................................................................................................147 18.4 Dynamic DNS Screen .................................................................................................................147 Chapter 19 Static Route.......................................................................................................................................149 19.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................................149 19.2 What You Can Do .........................................................................................................................149 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 9 Table of Contents 19.3 IP Static Route Screen .................................................................................................................150 Chapter 20 RIP......................................................................................................................................................153 20.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................153 20.2 What You Can Do .........................................................................................................................153 20.3 RIP Screen ..................................................................................................................................153 Chapter 21 Firewall ..............................................................................................................................................155 21.1 Overview .....................................................................................................................................155 21.2 What You Can Do .........................................................................................................................155 21.3 What You Need To Know ..............................................................................................................156 21.4 General Firewall Screen .............................................................................................................156 21.5 Services Screen .........................................................................................................................157 Chapter 22 Content Filter ....................................................................................................................................159 22.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................159 22.2 What You Can Do .........................................................................................................................159 22.3 What You Need To Know ..............................................................................................................159 22.3.1 Content Filtering Profiles .....................................................................................................159 22.4 Content Filter Screen ....................................................................................................................160 Chapter 23 Bandwidth Management...................................................................................................................163 23.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................163 23.2 What You Can Do .........................................................................................................................163 23.3 What You Need To Know ..............................................................................................................164 23.4 General Screen ............................................................................................................................164 23.5 Advanced Screen .........................................................................................................................164 23.5.1 Rule Configuration: Application Rule Configuration .........................................................166 23.5.2 Rule Configuration: User Defined Service Rule Configuration .........................................167 23.6 Monitor Screen ..............................................................................................................................168 23.6.1 Predefined Bandwidth Management Services .....................................................................169 Chapter 24 Remote Management........................................................................................................................170 24.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................170 24.2 What You Can Do .........................................................................................................................170 24.3 What You Need to Know ...............................................................................................................170 24.3.1 Remote Management and NAT ...........................................................................................170 24.3.2 System Timeout ..................................................................................................................171 10 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Table of Contents 24.4 WWW Screen .............................................................................................................................171 Chapter 25 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)......................................................................................................173 25.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................173 25.2 What You Can Do .........................................................................................................................173 25.3 What You Need to Know ...............................................................................................................173 25.3.1 NAT Traversal ......................................................................................................................173 25.3.2 Cautions with UPnP .............................................................................................................174 25.4 UPnP Screen ...............................................................................................................................174 25.5 Technical Refereance ....................................................................................................................174 25.5.1 Using UPnP in Windows XP Example .................................................................................174 25.5.2 Web Configurator Easy Access ...........................................................................................177 Chapter 26 Maintenance ......................................................................................................................................181 26.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................181 26.2 What You Can Do .........................................................................................................................181 26.3 General Screen .............................................................................................................................181 26.4 Password Screen ..........................................................................................................................182 26.5 Time Setting Screen ......................................................................................................................183 26.6 Firmware Upgrade Screen ............................................................................................................184 26.7 Configuration Backup/Restore Screen ..........................................................................................186 26.8 Reset/Restart Screen ....................................................................................................................187 26.9 System Operation Mode Overview ...............................................................................................187 26.10 Sys OP Mode Screen ..................................................................................................................189 Chapter 27 Troubleshooting................................................................................................................................191 27.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs ....................................................................................191 27.2 Router Access and Login ..............................................................................................................192 27.3 Internet Access .............................................................................................................................193 27.4 Resetting the Router to Its Factory Defaults .................................................................................195 27.5 Wireless Router/AP Troubleshooting ............................................................................................195 27.6 ZyXEL Share Center Utility Problems ...........................................................................................196 Appendix A Pop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java Permissions ...................................................199 Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting....................................................................................... 211 Appendix C Setting Up Your Computers IP Address ......................................................................221 Appendix D Wireless LANs..............................................................................................................249 Appendix E Common Services ........................................................................................................263 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 11 Table of Contents Appendix F Legal Information..........................................................................................................267 Index ..................................................................................................................................................275 12 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide PART I Users Guide 13 14 CHAPTER 1 Getting to Know Your Router 1.1 Overview This chapter introduces the main features and applications of the Router. The Router extends the range of your existing wired network without additional wiring, providing easy network access to mobile users. You can set up a wireless network with other IEEE 802.11b/g/

n compatible devices. A range of services such as a firewall and content filtering are also available for secure Internet computing. You can use media bandwidth management to efficiently manage traffic on your network. Bandwidth management features allow you to prioritize time-sensitive or highly important applications such as Voice over the Internet (VoIP). There is one USB 2.0 port on your Router. You can connect a USB (version 2.0 or lower) memory stick, USB hard drive, or USB device for file sharing. The Router automatically detects the USB device. Note: For the USB function, it is strongly recommended to use version 2.0 or lower USB storage devices (such as memory sticks, USB hard drives) and/or USB devices

(such as USB printers). Other USB products are not guaranteed to function properly with the Router. Note: Be sure to install the ZyXEL NetUSBTM Share Center Utility (for NetUSB functionality) from the included disc, or download the latest version from the zyxel.com website. 1.2 Applications Your can create the following networks using the Router:

Wired. You can connect network devices via the Ethernet ports of the Router so that they can communicate with each other and access the Internet. Wireless. Wireless clients can connect to the Router to access network resources. WAN. Connect to a broadband modem/router for Internet access. 1.3 Ways to Manage the Router Use any of the following methods to manage the Router. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 15 Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Router Web Configurator. This is recommended for everyday management of the Router using a

(supported) web browser. Wireless switch. You can use the built-in switch of the Router to turn the wireless function on and off without opening the Web Configurator. WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup) button. You can use the WPS button or the WPS section of the Web Configurator to set up a wireless network with your Router. 1.4 Good Habits for Managing the Router Do the following things regularly to make the Router more secure and to manage the Router more effectively. Change the password. Use a password thats not easy to guess and that consists of different types of characters, such as numbers and letters. Write down the password and put it in a safe place. Back up the configuration (and make sure you know how to restore it). Restoring an earlier working configuration may be useful if the device becomes unstable or even crashes. If you forget your password, you will have to reset the Router to its factory default settings. If you backed up an earlier configuration file, you would not have to totally re-configure the Router. You could simply restore your last configuration. 16 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 1.5 LEDs Figure 1 Front Panel Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Router Power LAN 1-4 WAN WLAN WPS USB The following table describes the LEDs and the WPS button. Table 1 Front Panel LEDs and WPS Button LED POWER COLOR Green STATUS On Off DESCRIPTION The Router is receiving power and functioning properly. The Router is not receiving power. LAN 1-4 Green WAN Green WLAN Green WPS Green On Blinking Off On Blinking Off On Blinking Off On Blinking Off The Router has a successful 10/100MB Ethernet connection. The Router is sending/receiving data through the LAN. The LAN is not connected. The Router has a successful 10/100MB WAN connection. The Router is sending/receiving data through the WAN. The WAN connection is not ready, or has failed. The Router is ready, but is not sending/receiving data through the wireless LAN. The Router is sending/receiving data through the wireless LAN. The wireless LAN is not ready or has failed. WPS is enabled. The Router is negotiating a WPS connection with a wireless client. The wireless LAN is not ready or has failed. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 17 Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Router Table 1 Front Panel LEDs and WPS Button (continued) LED DESCRIPTION The Router has a USB device installed. USB The Router is transmitting and/or receiving data from routers through an installed USB device. There is no USB device connected to the Router. STATUS On Blinking COLOR Green Off 1.6 Wall-mounting Instructions Complete the following steps to hang your Router on a wall. 1 Select a position free of obstructions on a sturdy wall. 2 Drill two holes for the screws. Be careful to avoid damaging pipes or cables located inside the wall when drilling holes for the screws. 3 Do not insert the screws all the way into the wall. Leave a small gap of about 0.5 cm between the heads of the screws and the wall. 4 Make sure the screws are snugly fastened to the wall. They need to hold the weight of the Router with the connection cables. 5 Align the holes on the back of the Router with the screws on the wall. Hang the Router on the screws. Figure 2 Wall-mounting Example 18 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Router The following are dimensions of an M4 tap screw and masonry plug used for wall mounting. All measurements are in millimeters (mm). Figure 3 Masonry Plug and M4 Tap Screw NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 19 CHAPTER 2 The WPS Button 2.1 Overview Your Router supports WiFi Protected Setup (WPS), which is an easy way to set up a secure wireless network. WPS is an industry standard specification, defined by the WiFi Alliance. WPS allows you to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without having to configure security settings manually. Each WPS connection works between two devices. Both devices must support WPS (check each devices documentation to make sure). Depending on the devices you have, you can either press a button (on the device itself, or in its configuration utility) or enter a PIN (a unique Personal Identification Number that allows one device to authenticate the other) in each of the two devices. When WPS is activated on a device, it has two minutes to find another device that also has WPS activated. Then, the two devices connect and set up a secure network by themselves. For more information on using WPS, see Section 12.3 on page 89. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 20 CHAPTER 3 ZyXEL NetUSB Share Center Utility 3.1 Overview The ZyXEL NetUSB Share Center Utility allows you to work with the USB devices that are connected directly to the Router as if they are connected directly to your computer. This allows you to easily share USB-based devices such as printers, scanners, portable hard disks, MP3 players, faxes, and digital cameras (to name a few) with all the other people in your home or office as long as they are connected to the Router and have the ZyXEL NetUSB Share Center Utility installed. Note: Be sure to install the ZyXEL NetUSB Share Center Utility (for NetUSB functionality) from the included disc, or download the latest version from the zyxel.com website. 3.1.1 Quick Setup This section shows you how to get started using the ZyXEL NetUSB Share Center Utility. Install the ZyXEL NetUSB Share Center Utility on each computer connected to the Router. Connect a USB device to the USB port on the Router. Note: If you are connecting multiple devices to the Router, first connect a USB hub to the Router then connect your other USB devices to it. Run the ZyXEL NetUSB Share Center Utility to display a list of all connected USB devices, then use it to connect your computer to them. 1 2 3 3.1.2 Installing ZyXEL NetUSB Share Center Utility Before you can access USB devices connected to the Router, you must first install the ZyXEL NetUSB Share Center Utility on any computer on your LAN to which you want to allow access to these devices. Note: In order to properly use the utility with your Router, ensure that the Router firmware is version v1.00(BWQ.0) or higher. See Chapter 26 on page 184 for information on updating your devices firmware. To install the ZyXEL NetUSB Share Center Utility:

1 2 Insert the disc that came with your Router into your computers disc drive. Run the Setup program by double-clicking it and then follow the on-screen instructions for installing it on your computer. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 21 Chapter 3 ZyXEL NetUSB Share Center Utility Note: The following operating systems are supported: Windows XP/Vista/7 (32 and 64-bit versions), and Mac OS X 10.6. 3 To open the ZyXEL NetUSB Share Center Utility, double-click its system tray icon. 3.2 The ZyXEL NetUSB Share Center Utility This section describes the ZyXEL NetUSB Share Center Utility main window. Figure 4 ZyXEL NetUSB Share Center Utility Main Window 22 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Chapter 3 ZyXEL NetUSB Share Center Utility The following table describes the icons in this window. Table 2 ZyXEL NetUSB Share Center Utility Main Window Icons ICON DESCRIPTION Configure Server Click to open the Routers built-in Web Configurator, which you can use to set up the Router

(see Chapter 5 on page 39 for details). Auto-Connect Printer You can set the selected printer to auto-connect after you have connected it to your computer during inital connection. If the printer is auto-connected to your computer, they will always be connected over the network. You do not need to configure it manually each time. Note: If the computer is connecting to the shared USB printer for the first time, you need to click Connect and setup the printer before you can use the Auto-Connect Printer function. See Chapter 12 on page 89 for more details. Note: You first must install the appropriate drivers for the printer that you intend to use. Connect Select a USB device and then click this button to connect to it. Your computer can connect to as many USB devices as are connected to the Router. Disconnect Select a device to which your computer is connected and then click this button to disconnect from it. Request to Connect Some USB devices may not allow automatic connections over the network. If so, select the device in question and click this button to issue a request to connect to it. Network Scanner Click this to open the scanner options on your computer for working with a scanner connected to the network. 3.2.1 The Menus This section describes the utilitys menus. Figure 5 ZyXEL NetUSB Share Center Utility Menus NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 23 Chapter 3 ZyXEL NetUSB Share Center Utility The following table describes the menus in this screen. ITEM Exit Configuration Table 3 ZyXEL NetUSB Share Center Utility Main Screen Menus DESCRIPTION MENU System This closes the ZyXEL NetUSB Share Center Utility. This opens the ZyXEL NetUSB Share Center Utility Tools configuration window. This opens the list window that displays all of the printing devices connected to the Router. This opens the about window, which provides information of the utility software and driver versions. You can set the selected printer to auto-connect after you have connected it to your computer during inital connection. If the printer is auto-connected to your computer, they will always be connected over the network. You do not need to configure it manually each time. Auto-Connect Printer Auto-Connect Printer List Set Auto-Connect Printer About Help Click this to show your installed printer list and select the one you want to set as auto-connected. Note: If the computer is connecting to the shared USB printer for the first time, you need to click Connect and setup the printer before you can use the Auto-Connect Printer function. See Chapter 12 on page 89 for more details. Note: You first must install the appropriate drivers for the printer that you intend to use. This removes the auto-connect option from the selected printer. Delete Auto-Connect Printer 24 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Chapter 3 ZyXEL NetUSB Share Center Utility 3.2.2 The ZyXEL NetUSB Share Center Configuration Window This section describes the utilitys configuration window, which allows you to set certain options for the utility. These options do not apply to the USB devices connected to the Router. You can open it by clicking the Tools > Configuration menu command. Figure 6 ZyXEL NetUSB Share Center Utility Configuration Window The following table describes the labels in this window. Table 4 ZyXEL NetUSB Share Center Utility Configuration Window LABEL Basic Language DESCRIPTION Select this to run the utility automatically when you log into or start up Windows. Select a language for the ZyXEL NetUSB Share Center Utility. You must restart the utility for the change to take effect. Click this to save your changes and close the window. Click this cancel to close the window without saving. Click this to save your changes without closing the window. OK Cancel Apply 3.2.3 The Auto-Connect Printer List Window This section describes the utilitys auto-connect printer list window. You can open it by clicking the Tools > Auto-Connect Printer List menu command. Note: If the computer is connecting to the shared USB printer for the first time, you need to click Connect and setup the printer before you can use the Auto-Connect Printer function. See Chapter 12 on page 89 for more details. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 25 Chapter 3 ZyXEL NetUSB Share Center Utility Figure 7 ZyXEL NetUSB Share Center Utility Auto-Connect Printer List Window The following table describes the labels in this screen. DESCRIPTION Displays a list of print server IPs and printer names connected to this Router. Table 5 ZyXEL NetUSB Share Center Utility Auto-Connect Printer List Window LABEL Server IP &

Printer Name Windows Printer Name Delete Close Displays a corresponding list of Windows printer names connected to this devices listed in the other list. Select an printer from the list and click this to remove it. Click this to close the window. 3.2.4 Exit the ZyXEL NetUSB Share Center Utility If you want to exit the ZyXEL NetUSB Share Center Utility when your computer is not connected to any USB device, follow the steps below:

1 Click System > Exit on the Utility screen. The Utility will automatically close. Or you can close the Utlity screen first, then exit:

26 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 1 Click the X on the upper-right corner of the Utility:

Chapter 3 ZyXEL NetUSB Share Center Utility 2 This will close the Utility screen to an icon at the system tray of your computer. Right-click on the Utilitys icon and click Exit. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 27 Chapter 3 ZyXEL NetUSB Share Center Utility 28 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide CHAPTER 4 Connection Wizard 4.1 Overview This chapter provides information on the wizard setup screens in the Web Configurator. The Web Configurators wizard setup helps you configure your device to access the Internet. Refer to your ISP for your Internet account information. Leave a field blank if you dont have that information. 4.2 Accessing the Wizard Launch your web browser and type "http://192.168.1.1" as the website address. Type "1234"

(default) as the password and click Login. Note: The Wizard appears when the Router is accessed for the first time or when you reset the Router to its default factory settings. The Wizard screen opens. Choose your Language and click Connect to Internet. Figure 8 Welcome NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 29 Chapter 4 Connection Wizard 4.3 Connect to Internet The Router offers five Internet connection types. They are Static IP, DHCP, PPPoE, PPTP or L2TP. The wizard attempts to detect which WAN connection type you are using. Figure 9 Detecting your Internet Connection Type If the wizard does not detect a connection type, you must select one from the drop-down list box. Check with your ISP to make sure you use the correct type. Note: If you get an error message, check your hardware connections. Make sure your Internet connection is up and running. The following screen depends on your Internet connection type. Enter the details provided by your Internet Service Provider (ISP) in the fields (if any). Figure 10 Internet Connection Type Your Router detects the following Internet Connection type. Table 6 Internet Connection Type CONNECTION TYPE Static IP DHCP DESCRIPTION Select the Static IP if an administrator assigns the IP address of your computer. Select the DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) option when the WAN port is used as a regular Ethernet. Select the PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet) option for a dial-up connection. Select the PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) option for a dial-up connection, and your ISP gave you an IP address and/or subnet mask. Select the L2TP (Layer 2 Tunnel Protocol) if you are connecting to another device over another network (like the Internet or VPN). PPPoE PPTP L2TP 30 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Chapter 4 Connection Wizard 4.3.1 Connection Type: DHCP Choose DHCP as the Internet Connection Type when the WAN port is used as a regular Ethernet. Click Next. Figure 11 Internet Connection Type: DHCP Note: If you get an error screen after clicking Next, you might have selected the wrong Internet Connection type. Click Back, make sure your Internet connection is working and select the right Connection Type. Contact your ISP if you are not sure of your Internet Connection type. 4.3.2 Connection Type: Static IP Choose Static IP as the Internet Connection Type if your ISP assigned an IP address for your Internet connection. Click Next. Figure 12 Internet Connection Type: Static IP The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 7 Internet Connection Type: Static IP LABEL Internet Connection Type IP Address DESCRIPTION Select the Static IP option. Enter the IP address provided by your ISP. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 31 Chapter 4 Connection Wizard Table 7 Internet Connection Type: Static IP (continued) LABEL Subnet Mask Default Gateway Primary DNS DESCRIPTION Enter the IP subnet mask in this field. Enter the gateway IP address in this field. DNS (Domain Name System) is for mapping a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice versa. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must know the IP address of a computer before you can access it. The Router uses a system DNS server (in the order you specify here) to resolve domain names for DDNS and the time server. Enter the primary DNS server's IP address in the fields provided. Secondary DNS Enter the secondary DNS server's IP address in the fields provided. Exit Back Next Click this to close the wizard screen without saving. Click this to return to the previous screen. Click this to continue. 4.3.3 Connection Type: PPPoE Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) functions as a dial-up connection. PPPoE is an IETF

(Internet Engineering Task Force) standard specifying how a host personal computer interacts with a broadband modem (for example DSL, cable, wireless, etc.) to achieve access to high-speed data networks. For the service provider, PPPoE offers an access and authentication method that works with existing access control systems (for instance, RADIUS). One of the benefits of PPPoE is the ability to let end users access one of multiple network services, a function known as dynamic service selection. This enables the service provider to easily create and offer new IP services for specific users. Operationally, PPPoE saves significant effort for both the subscriber and the ISP/carrier, as it requires no specific configuration of the broadband modem at the subscriber's site. By implementing PPPoE directly on the Router (rather than individual computers), the computers on the LAN do not need PPPoE software installed, since the Router does that part of the task. Furthermore, with NAT, all of the LAN's computers will have Internet access. Figure 13 Internet Connection Type: PPPoE 32 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide The following table describes the labels in this screen. Chapter 4 Connection Wizard DESCRIPTION Select the PPPoE option for a dial-up connection. Table 8 Internet Connection Type: PPPoE LABEL Internet Connection Type Dynamic IP Static IP IP Address User Name Password Exit Back Next Select this radio button if your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address. Select this radio button, provided by your ISP to give the Router a fixed, unique IP address. Type the name of your service provider. Type the user name given to you by your ISP. Type the password associated with the user name above. Click this to close the wizard screen without saving. Click this to return to the previous screen. Click this to continue. 4.3.4 Connection Type: PPTP Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) is a network protocol that enables transfers of data from a remote client to a private server, creating a Virtual Private Network (VPN) using TCP/IP-based networks. PPTP supports on-demand, multi-protocol, and virtual private networking over public networks, such as the Internet. Refer to the appendix for more information on PPTP. The Router supports one PPTP server connection at any given time. Figure 14 Internet Connection Type: PPTP NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 33 Chapter 4 Connection Wizard The following table describes the fields in this screen DESCRIPTION Select PPTP from the drop-down list box. To configure a PPTP client, you must configure the User Name and Password fields for a PPP connection and the PPTP parameters for a PPTP connection. Select this radio button if your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address. Select this radio button, provided by your ISP to give the Router a fixed, unique IP address. Type the (static) IP address assigned to you by your ISP. Type the subnet mask assigned to you by your ISP (if given). Table 9 Internet Connection Type: PPTP LABEL Internet Connection Type Dynamic IP Static IP PPTP Address PPTP Subnet Mask PPTP Gateway IP Address PPTP Server IP Address User Name Password Exit Back Next Type the gateway IP address of the PPTP server. Type the server IP address of the PPTP server. Type the user name given to you by your ISP. Type the password associated with the User Name above. Click this to close the wizard screen without saving. Click this to return to the previous screen. Click this to continue. 4.3.5 Connection Type: L2TP The Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) works at layer 2 (the data link layer) to tunnel network traffic between two peer devices over another network (like the Internet). Figure 15 Internet Connection Type: L2TP The following table describes the fields in this screen Table 10 Internet Connection Type: L2TP LABEL Internet Connection Type Dynamic IP DESCRIPTION Select L2TP from the drop-down list box. Select this radio button if your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address. 34 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Chapter 4 Connection Wizard DESCRIPTION Select this radio button, provided by your ISP to give the Router a fixed, unique IP address. Type the (static) IP address assigned to you by your ISP. Type the subnet mask assigned to you by your ISP (if given). Table 10 Internet Connection Type: L2TP (continued) LABEL Static IP L2TP Address L2TP Subnet Mask L2TP Gateway IP Address L2TP Server IP Address User Name Password Exit Back Next Type the user name given to you by your ISP. Type the password associated with the User Name above. Click this to close the wizard screen without saving. Click this to return to the previous screen. Click this to continue. Type the gateway IP address of the L2TP server. Type the server IP address of the L2TP server. The Router connects to the Internet. Figure 16 Connecting to the Internet Note: If the Wizard successfully connects to the Internet, it proceeds to the next step. If you get an error message, go back to the previous screen and make sure you have entered the correct information provided by your ISP. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 35 Chapter 4 Connection Wizard 4.4 Router Password Change the login password in the following screen. Enter the new password and retype it to confirm. Click Next to proceed with the Wireless Security screen. Figure 17 Router Password 4.5 Wireless Security Configure Wireless Settings. Configure the wireless network settings on your Router in the following screen. The fields that show up depend on the kind of security you select. 4.5.1 Wireless Security: No Security Choose No Security in the Wireless Security screen to let wireless devices within range access your wireless network. Figure 18 Wireless Security: No Security 36 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide The following table describes the labels in this screen. Chapter 4 Connection Wizard Table 11 Wireless Security: No Security LABEL Wireless Network Name

(SSID) DESCRIPTION Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 printable 7-bit ASCII characters) for the wireless LAN. If you change this field on the Router, make sure all wireless stations use the same SSID in order to access the network. Select a Security level from the drop-down list box. Choose None to have no wireless LAN security configured. If you do not enable any wireless security on your Router, your network is accessible to any wireless networking device that is within range. Click this to close the wizard screen without saving. Click this to return to the previous screen. Click this to continue. Security mode Exit Back Next 4.5.2 Wireless Security: WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK Choose WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK security in the Wireless Security screen to set up a password for your wireless network. Figure 19 Wireless Security: WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 12 Wireless Security: WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK LABEL Wireless Network Name

(SSID) DESCRIPTION Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 printable 7-bit ASCII characters) for the wireless LAN. If you change this field on the Router, make sure all wireless stations use the same SSID in order to access the network. Select a Security level from the drop-down list box. Security mode Choose WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK security to configure a Pre-Shared Key. Choose this option only if your wireless clients support WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK respectively. Type from 8 to 63 case-sensitive ASCII characters. You can set up the most secure wireless connection by configuring WPA in the wireless LAN screens. Wireless password Verify Password Retype the password to confirm. Exit Click this to close the wizard screen without saving. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 37 Chapter 4 Connection Wizard Table 12 Wireless Security: WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK (continued) LABEL Back Next DESCRIPTION Click this to return to the previous screen. Click this to continue. Congratulations! Open a web browser, such as Internet Explorer, to visit your favorite website. Note: If you cannot access the Internet when your computer is connected to one of the Routers LAN ports, check your connections. Then turn the Router off, wait for a few seconds then turn it back on. If that does not work, log in to the web configurator again and check you have typed all information correctly. See the Users Guide for more suggestions. Figure 20 Congratulations You can also click ZyGO to open the Easy Mode Web Configurator of your Router. You have successfully set up your Router to operate on your network and access the Internet. You are now ready to connect wirelessly to your Router and access the Internet. 38 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide CHAPTER 5 Introducing the Web Configurator 5.1 Overview This chapter describes how to access the Router Web Configurator and provides an overview of its screens. The Web Configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy setup and management of the Router via Internet browser. Use Internet Explorer 6.0 and later or Netscape Navigator 7.0 and later versions or Safari 2.0 or later versions. The recommended screen resolution is 1024 by 768 pixels. In order to use the Web Configurator you need to allow:

Web browser pop-up windows from your device. Web pop-up blocking is enabled by default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2. JavaScript (enabled by default). Java permissions (enabled by default). Refer to the Troubleshooting chapter (Chapter 27 on page 191) to see how to make sure these functions are allowed in Internet Explorer. 5.2 Accessing the Web Configurator 1 Make sure your Router hardware is properly connected and prepare your computer or computer network to connect to the Router (refer to the Quick Start Guide). 2 3 Launch your web browser. Type "http://192.168.1.1" as the website address. Your computer must be in the same subnet in order to access this website address. 5.2.1 Login Screen Note: If this is the first time you are accessing the Web Configurator, you may be redirected to the Wizard. Refer to Chapter 4 on page 29 for the Connection Wizard screens. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 39 Chapter 5 Introducing the Web Configurator The Web Configurator initially displays the following login screen. Figure 21 Login screen The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 13 Login screen LABEL Password Language DESCRIPTION Type "1234" (default) as the password. Select the language you want to use to configure the Web Configurator. Click Login. This shows the current weather, either in celsius or fahrenheit, of the city you specify in Section 5.2.3.1 on page 42. This shows the time (hh:mm:ss) and date (yyyy:mm:dd) of the timezone you select in Section 5.2.3.2 on page 42 or Section 26.5 on page 183. The time is in 24-hour format, for example 15:00 is 3:00 PM. 5.2.2 Password Screen You should see a screen asking you to change your password (highly recommended) as shown next. Figure 22 Change Password Screen 40 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide The following table describes the labels in this screen. Chapter 5 Introducing the Web Configurator DESCRIPTION Type a new password. Table 14 Change Password Screen LABEL New Password Retype to Confirm Retype the password for confirmation. Apply Ignore Click Apply to save your changes back to the Router. Click Ignore if you do not want to change the password this time. Note: The management session automatically times out when the time period set in the Administrator Inactivity Timer field expires (default five minutes; go to Chapter 26 on page 181 to change this). Simply log back into the Router if this happens. 5.2.3 Home Screen If you have previously logged into the Web Configurator but did not click Logout, you may be redirected to the Home screen. You can also open this screen by clicking Home (

mode screens. or

) in the Easy Mode or Expert The Home screen displays as follows. Figure 23 Home Screen The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 15 Home Screen LABEL Go Language DESCRIPTION Click this to open the Easy mode Web Configurator. Select a language to go to the Easy mode Web Configurator in that language and click Login. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 41 Chapter 5 Introducing the Web Configurator Table 15 Home Screen (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION

(This is just an example). This shows the current weather, either in celsius or fahrenheit, of the city you specify in Section 5.2.3.1 on page 42.

(This is just an example). This shows the time (hh:mm:ss) and date (yyyy:mm:dd) of the timezone you select in Section 5.2.3.2 on page 42 or Section 26.5 on page 183. 5.2.3.1 Weather Edit You can change the temperature unit and select the location for which you want to know the weather. Click the icon to change the Weather display. Figure 24 Change Weather The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 16 Change Weather LABEL oC or oF Change Location Finish DESCRIPTION Choose which temperature unit you want the Router to display. Select the location for which you want to know the weather. If the city you want is not listed, choose one that is closest to it. Click this to apply the settings and refresh the date and time display. 5.2.3.2 Time/Date Edit One timezone can cover more than one country. You can choose a particular country in which the Router is located and have the Router display and use the current time and date for its logs. Click the icon to change the Weather display. Figure 25 Change Password Screen The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 17 Change Password Screen LABEL Change time zone Finish DESCRIPTION Select the specific country whose current time and date you want the Router to display. Click this to apply the settings and refresh the weather display. Note: You can also edit the timezone in Section 26.5 on page 183. 42 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Chapter 5 Introducing the Web Configurator 5.3 Resetting the Router If you forget your password or IP address, or you cannot access the Web Configurator, you will need to use the RESET button at the back of the Router to reload the factory-default configuration file. This means that you will lose all configurations that you had previously saved, the password will be reset to 1234 and the IP address will be reset to 192.168.1.1. 5.3.1 Procedure to Use the Reset Button 1 Make sure the power LED is on. 2 3 Press the RESET button for longer than 1 second to restart/reboot the Router. Press the RESET button for longer than five seconds to set the Router back to its factory-default configurations. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 43 Chapter 5 Introducing the Web Configurator 44 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide CHAPTER 6 Monitor 6.1 Overview This chapter discusses read-only information related to the device state of the Router. Note: To access the Monitor screens, you can also click the links in the Summary table of the Status screen to view the bandwidth consumed, packets sent/received as well as the status of clients connected to the Router. 6.2 What You Can Do Use the Log (Section 6.3 on page 45) screen to see the logs for the activity on the Router. Use the BW MGMT Monitor screen (Section 6.4 on page 47) to view the amount of network bandwidth that applications running in the network are using. Use the DHCP Table screen (Section 6.5 on page 47) to view information related to your DHCP status. use the Packet Statistics screen (Section 6.6 on page 48) to view port status, packet specific statistics, the "system up time" and so on. Use the WLAN Station Status screen (Section 6.7 on page 49) to view the wireless stations that are currently associated to the Router. 6.3 The Log Screen The Web Configurator allows you to look at all of the Routers logs in one location. 6.3.1 View Log Use the View Log screen to see the logged messages for the Router. The log wraps around and deletes the old entries after it fills. Select what logs you want to see from the Display drop list. The NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 45 Chapter 6 Monitor log choices depend on your settings in the Log Settings screen. Click Refresh to renew the log screen. Click Clear to delete all the logs. Figure 26 View Log You can configure which logs to display in the View Log screen. Go to the Log Settings screen and select the logs you wish to display. Click Apply to save your settings. Click Refresh to start the screen afresh. Figure 27 Log Settings 46 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Chapter 6 Monitor 6.4 BW MGMT Monitor The Bandwidth Management (BW MGMT) Monitor allows you to view the amount of network bandwidth that applications running in the network are using. The bandwidth is measured in kilobits per second (kbps). The monitor shows what kinds of applications are running in the network, the maximum kbps that each application can use, as well as the percentage of bandwidth it is using. Figure 28 Summary: BW MGMT Monitor 6.5 DHCP Table DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual clients to obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can configure the Routers LAN as a DHCP server or disable it. When configured as a server, the Router provides the TCP/IP configuration for the clients. If DHCP service is disabled, you must have another DHCP server on that network, or else the computer must be manually configured. Click the DHCP Table (Details...) hyperlink in the Status screen. Read-only information here relates to your DHCP status. The DHCP table shows current DHCP client information (including IP Address, Host Name and MAC Address) of all network clients using the Routers DHCP server. Figure 29 Summary: DHCP Table NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 47 Chapter 6 Monitor The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 18 Summary: DHCP Table LABEL

MAC Address DESCRIPTION This is the index number of the host computer. This field shows the MAC address of the computer with the name in the Host Name field. Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address which uniquely identifies a device. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. This field displays the IP address relative to the # field listed above. This field displays the time when the IP address and MAC address association ends. Click Refresh to renew the screen. IP Address Expires in Refresh 6.6 Packet Statistics Click the Packet Statistics (Details...) hyperlink in the Status screen. Read-only information here includes port status, packet specific statistics and the "system up time". The Poll Interval(s) field is configurable and is used for refreshing the screen. Figure 30 Summary: Packet Statistics The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 19 Summary: Packet Statistics LABEL Port Status DESCRIPTION This is the Routers port type. For the LAN ports, this displays the port speed and duplex setting or Down when the line is disconnected. For the WAN port, it displays the port speed and duplex setting if youre using Ethernet encapsulation and Idle (line (ppp) idle), Dial (starting to trigger a call) and Drop (dropping a call) if you're using PPPoE or PPTP encapsulation. This field displays Down when the line is disconnected. For the WLAN, it displays the maximum transmission rate when the WLAN is enabled and Down when the WLAN is disabled. This is the number of transmitted packets on this port. This is the number of received packets on this port. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide TxPkts RxPkts 48 Chapter 6 Monitor DESCRIPTION This is the number of collisions on this port. This displays the transmission speed in bytes per second on this port. This displays the reception speed in bytes per second on this port. This is the total time the Router has been for each session. This is the total time the Router has been on. Table 19 Summary: Packet Statistics (continued) LABEL Collisions Tx B/s Rx B/s Up Time System Up Time Poll Interval(s) Set Interval Stop Enter the time interval in seconds for refreshing statistics in this field. Click this button to apply the new poll interval you entered in the Poll Interval(s) field. Click Stop to stop refreshing statistics. 6.7 WLAN Station Status Click the WLAN Station Status (Details...) hyperlink in the Status screen. View the wireless stations that are currently associated to the Router in the Association List. Association means that a wireless client (for example, your network or computer with a wireless network card) has connected successfully to the AP (or wireless router) using the same SSID, channel and security settings. Figure 31 Summary: Wireless Association List The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 20 Summary: Wireless Association List LABEL

MAC Address Association Time Refresh DESCRIPTION This is the index number of an associated wireless station. This field displays the MAC address of an associated wireless station. This field displays the time a wireless station first associated with the Routers WLAN network. Click Refresh to reload the list. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 49 Chapter 6 Monitor 50 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide CHAPTER 7 Router Modes 7.1 Overview This chapter introduces the different modes available on your Router. First, the term mode refers to two things in this Users Guide. Web Configurator mode. This refers to the Web Configurator interface you want to use for editing Router features. Device mode. This is the operating mode of your Router, or simply how the Router is being used in the network. 7.1.1 Web Configurator Modes This refers to the configuration interface of the Web Configurator, which has two modes:

Easy. The Web Configurator shows this mode by default. Refer to Chapter 8 on page 53 for more information on the screens in this mode. This interface may be sufficient for users who just want to use the device. Expert. Advanced users can change to this mode to customize all the functions of the Router. Click Expert Mode after logging into the Web Configurator. The Users Guide Chapter 5 on page 39 through Chapter 26 on page 181 discusses the screens in this mode. 7.1.2 Device Modes This refers to the operating mode of the Router, which can act as a:

Router. This is the default device mode of the Router. Use this mode to connect the local network to another network, like the Internet. Go to Section 9.3 on page 65 to view the Status screen in this mode. Access Point. Use this mode if you want to extend your network by allowing network devices to connect to the Router wirelessly. Go to Section 10.4 on page 74 view the Status screen in this mode. WISP mode. Use this mode if there is an existing wireless router or access point in the network to which you want to connect your local network. Go to Section 11.4 on page 80 to view the Status screen in this mode. For more information on these modes and to change the mode of your Router, refer to Section 26.10 on page 189. The menu for changing device modes is available in Expert mode only. Note: Choose your Device Mode carefully to avoid having to change it later. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 51 Chapter 7 Router Modes When changing to another mode, the IP address of the Router changes. The running applications and services of the network devices connected to the Router can be interrupted. In WISP mode, you should know the SSID and wireless security details of the access point to which you want to connect. 52 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide CHAPTER 8 Easy Mode 8.1 Overview The Web Configurator is set to Easy Mode by default. You can configure several key features of the Router in this mode. This mode is useful to users who are not fully familiar with some features that are usually intended for network administrators. When you log in to the Web Configurator, the following screen opens. Figure 32 Easy Mode: Network Map Navigation Panel Network Map Go to Status Screen Control Panel NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 53 Chapter 8 Easy Mode Click Status to open the following screen screen. Figure 33 Easy Mode: Status Screen Navigation Panel Go to Network Map Screen Status Screen Control Panel 8.2 What You Can Do You can do the following in this mode:

Use this Navigation Panel (Section 8.4 on page 55) to opt out of the Easy mode. Use the Network Map screen (Section 8.5 on page 55) to check if your Router can ping the gateway and whether it is connected to the Internet. Use the Control Panel (Section 8.6 on page 56) to configure and enable Router features, including wireless security, wireless scheduling and bandwidth management and so on. Use the Status Screen screen (Section 8.7 on page 63) to view read-only information about the Router, including the WAN IP, MAC Address of the Router and the firmware version. 8.3 What You Need to Know Between the different device modes, the Control Panel (Section 8.6 on page 56) changes depending on which features are applicable to the mode:

Router Mode: All Control Panel features are available. Access Point Mode: Only Power Saving and Wireless Security are available. WISP Mode: The available features for this mode are Game Console, Content Filter, Bandwidth MGMT, and Firewall. 54 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 8.4 Navigation Panel Use this navigation panel to opt out of the Easy mode. Figure 34 Control Panel Chapter 8 Easy Mode The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 21 Control Panel ITEM Home Expert Mode Logout DESCRIPTION Click this to go to the Login page. Click this to change to Expert mode and customize features of the Router. Click this to end the Web Configurator session. 8.5 Network Map Note: The Network MAP is viewable by Windows XP (need to install patch), Windows Vista and Windows 7 users only. For Windows XP (Service Pack 2) users, you can see the network devices connected to the Router by downloading the LLTD (Link Layer Topology Discovery) patch from the Microsoft Website. Note: Dont worry if the Network Map does not display in your web browser. This feature may not be supported by your system. You can still configure the Control Panel

(Section 8.6 on page 56) in the Easy Mode and the Router features that you want to use in the Expert Mode. When you log into the Network Configurator, the Network Map is shown as follows. Figure 35 Network Map NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 55 Chapter 8 Easy Mode The line connecting the Router to the gateway becomes green when the Router is able to ping the gateway. It becomes red when the ping initiating from the Router does not get a response from the gateway. The same rule applies to the line connecting the gateway to the Internet. You can also view the devices (represented by icons indicating the kind of network device) connected to the Router, including those connecting wirelessly. Right-click on the Router icon to refresh the network map and go to the Wizard. Right click on the other icons to view information about the device. 8.6 Control Panel The features configurable in Easy Mode are shown in the Control Panel. Figure 36 Control Panel Switch ON to enable the feature. Otherwise, switch OFF. If the feature is turned on, the green light flashes. If it is turned off, the red light flashes. Additionally, click the feature to open a screen where you can edit its settings. The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 22 Control Panel ITEM Game Engine DESCRIPTION Switch ON to maximize bandwidth for gaming traffic in your network. Otherwise, switch OFF. Power Saving Refer to Section 8.6.1 on page 57 to see this screen. Click this to schedule the wireless feature of the Router. Disabling the wireless function helps lower the energy consumption of the Router. Switch ON to apply wireless scheduling. Otherwise, switch OFF. Content Filter Refer to Section 8.6.2 on page 57 to see this screen. Click this to restrict access to certain websites, based on keywords contained in URLs, to which you do not want users in your network to open. Bandwidth MGMT Switch ON to apply website filtering. Otherwise, switch OFF. Refer to Section 8.6.3 on page 59 to see this screen. Click this to edit bandwidth management for predefined applications. Switch ON to have the Router management bandwidth for uplink and downlink traffic according to an application or service. Otherwise, switch OFF. Refer to Section 8.6.4 on page 59 to see this screen. 56 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Chapter 8 Easy Mode Table 22 Control Panel (continued) ITEM Firewall DESCRIPTION Switch ON to ensure that your network is protected from Denial of Service (DoS) attacks. Otherwise, switch OFF. Wireless Security Refer to Section 8.6.5 on page 60 to see this screen. Click this to configure the wireless security, such as SSID, security mode and WPS key on your Router. Refer to Section 8.6.6 on page 60 to see this screen. 8.6.1 Game Engine When this feature is enabled, the Router maximizes the bandwidth for gaming traffic that it forwards out through an interface. Figure 37 Game Engine Note: When this is switched on, the Game Console tab in the Bandwidth MGMT screen is automatically positioned on top. Turn this off if your network is not using gaming. Click OK to close this screen. 8.6.2 Power Saving Use this screen to set the day of the week and time of the day when your wireless LAN is turned on and off. Wireless LAN scheduling is disabled by default. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 57 Chapter 8 Easy Mode Disabling the wireless capability lowers the energy consumption of the of the Router. Figure 38 Power Saving The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 23 Power Saving LABEL WLAN Status DESCRIPTION Select On or Off to specify whether the Wireless LAN is turned on or off (depending on what you selected in the WLAN Status field). This field works in conjunction with the Day and Except for the following times fields. Select Everyday or the specific days to turn the Wireless LAN on or off. If you select Everyday you can not select any specific days. This field works in conjunction with the Except for the following times field. Select a begin time using the first set of hour and minute (min) drop down boxes and select an end time using the second set of hour and minute (min) drop down boxes. If you have chosen On earlier for the WLAN Status the Wireless LAN will turn on between the two times you enter in these fields. If you have chosen Off earlier for the WLAN Status the Wireless LAN will turn off between the two times you enter in these fields. In this time format, midnight is 00:00 and progresses up to 24:00. For example, 6:00 PM is 18:00. Click Apply to save your changes back to the Router. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. Day For the following times (24-Hour Format) Apply Reset 58 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 8.6.3 Content Filter Use this screen to restrict access to certain websites, based on keywords contained in URLs, to which you do not want users in your network to open. Figure 39 Content Filter Chapter 8 Easy Mode The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 24 Content Filter LABEL Add DESCRIPTION Click Add after you have typed a keyword. Repeat this procedure to add other keywords. Up to 64 keywords are allowed. Note: The Router does not recognize wildcard characters as keywords. When you try to access a web page containing a keyword, you will get a message telling you that the content filter is blocking this request. Highlight a keyword in the text box and click Delete to remove it. The keyword disappears from the text box after you click Apply. Click Apply to save your changes. Click Cancel to close this screen without saving any changes. Delete Apply Cancel 8.6.4 Bandwidth MGMT Use this screen to set bandwidth allocation to pre-defined services and applications for bandwidth allocation. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 59 Chapter 8 Easy Mode The Router uses bandwidth management for incoming and outgoing traffic. Rank the services and applications by dragging them accordingly from High to Low and click Apply. Click Cancel to close the screen. Figure 40 Bandwidth MGNT Use your mouse to drag the items according to how you want to prioritze them. Left-click and slide up or down. 8.6.5 Firewall Enable this feature to protect the network from Denial of Service (DoS) attacks. The Router blocks repetitive pings from the WAN that can otherwise cause systems to slow down or hang. Figure 41 Firewall Click OK to close this screen. 8.6.6 Wireless Security Use this screen to configure security for your the Wireless LAN. You can enter the SSID and select the wireless security mode in the following screen. 60 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Note: You can enable the Wireless function of your Router by first turning on the switch in the back panel. Figure 42 Wireless Security Chapter 8 Easy Mode The following table describes the general wireless LAN labels in this screen. Table 25 Wireless Security LABEL Wireless Network Name

(SSID) Security mode DESCRIPTION

(Service Set IDentity) The SSID identifies the Service Set with which a wireless station is associated. Wireless stations associating to the access point (AP) must have the same SSID. Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 keyboard characters) for the wireless LAN. Select WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK to add security on this wireless network. The wireless clients which want to associate to this network must have same wireless security settings as this device. After you select to use a security, additional options appears in this screen. Wireless password Select No Security to allow any client to connect to this network without authentication. This field appears when you choose wither WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK as the security mode. Type a pre-shared key from 8 to 63 case-sensitive keyboard characters. Verify password Type the password again to confirm. Apply Cancel WPS Click Apply to save your changes back to the Router. Click Cancel to close this screen. Click this to configure the WPS screen. You can transfer the wireless settings configured here (Wireless Security screen) to another wireless device that supports WPS. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 61 Chapter 8 Easy Mode 8.6.7 WPS Use this screen to add a wireless station to the network using WPS. Click WPS in the Wireless Security to open the following screen. Figure 43 Wireless Security: WPS The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 26 Wireless Security: WPS LABEL Wireless Security WPS DESCRIPTION Click this to go back to the Wireless Security screen. Create a secure wireless network simply by pressing a button. The Router scans for a WPS-enabled device within the range and performs wireless security information synchronization. Note: After you click the WPS button on this screen, you have to press a similar button in the wireless station utility within 2 minutes. To add the second wireless station, you have to press these buttons on both device and the wireless station again after the first 2 minutes. Register Create a secure wireless network simply by entering a wireless client's PIN (Personal Identification Number) in the Routers interface and pushing this button. Type the same PIN number generated in the wireless stations utility. Then click Register to associate to each other and perform the wireless security information synchronization. Click Exit to close this screen. Exit 62 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 8.7 Status Screen in Easy Mode In the Network Map screen, click Status to view read-only information about the Router. Figure 44 Status Screen in Easy Mode Chapter 8 Easy Mode The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 27 Status Screen in Easy Mode ITEM Name DESCRIPTION This is the name of the Router in the network. You can change this in the Maintenance >

General screen in Section 26.3 on page 181. This is the current system date and time. The date is in YYYY:MM:DD (Year-Month-Day) format. The time is in HH:MM:SS

(Hour:Minutes:Seconds) format. This is the IP address of the WAN port. This is the MAC address of the Router. This shows the firmware version of the Router. The firmware version format shows the trunk version, model code and release number. This shows the SSID of the wireless network. You can configure this in the Wireless Security screen (Section 8.6.6 on page 60; Section 13.3.1.1 on page 104). This shows the wireless security used by the Router. Time WAN IP MAC Address Firmware Version Wireless Network Name Security NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 63 CHAPTER 9 Router Mode 9.1 Overview The Router is set to router mode by default. Routers are used to connect the local network to another network (for example, the Internet). In the figure below, the Router connects the local network (LAN1 ~ LAN4) to the Internet. Figure 45 Router Network Router Modem Note: The Status screen is shown after changing to the Expert mode of the Web Configurator. It varies depending on the device mode of your Router. 9.2 What You Can Do Use the Status screen (Section 9.3 on page 65) to view read-only information about your Router. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 64 9.3 Status Screen Click to open the status screen. Figure 46 Status Screen: Router Mode Chapter 9 Router Mode The following table describes the icons shown in the Status screen. Table 28 Status Screen Icon Key: Router Mode ICON DESCRIPTION Click this icon to view copyright and a link for related product information. Click this icon to go to Easy Mode. See Chapter 8 on page 53. Click this to go to the Home page. See Chapter 6 on page 45. Select a number of seconds or None from the drop-down list box to refresh all screen statistics automatically at the end of every time interval or to not refresh the screen statistics. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 65 Chapter 9 Router Mode Table 28 Status Screen Icon Key: Router Mode (continued) ICON DESCRIPTION Click this button to refresh the status screen statistics. Click this icon to see the Status page. The information in this screen depends on the device mode you select. Click this icon to see the Monitor navigation menu. Click this icon to see the Configuration navigation menu. Click this icon to see the Maintenance navigation menu. The following table describes the labels shown in the Status screen. Table 29 Status Screen: Router Mode LABEL Logout Device Information Host Name DESCRIPTION Click this at any time to exit the Web Configurator. Firmware Version Sys OP Mode WAN Information

- MAC Address

- IP Address

- IP Subnet Mask

- Default Gateway

- DHCP LAN Information

- MAC Address

- IP Address

- IP Subnet Mask

- DHCP WLAN Information

- WLAN OP Mode

- MAC Address

- Status

- Name (SSID)

- Channel

- Operating Channel

- Security Mode

- 802.11 Mode 66 This is the System Name you enter in the Maintenance > General screen. It is for identification purposes. This is the firmware version and the date created. This is the device mode (Section 7.1.2 on page 51) to which the Router is set - Router Mode. This shows the WAN Ethernet adapter MAC Address of your device. This shows the WAN ports IP address. This shows the WAN ports subnet mask. This shows the WAN ports gateway IP address. This shows the LAN ports DHCP role - Client or Server. This shows the LAN Ethernet adapter MAC Address of your device. This shows the LAN ports IP address. This shows the LAN ports subnet mask. This shows the LAN ports DHCP role - Server or None. This is the device mode (Section 7.1.2 on page 51) to which the Routers wireless LAN is set

- Access Point Mode. This shows the wireless adapter MAC Address of your device. This shows the current status of the Wireless LAN - ON or OFF. This shows a descriptive name used to identify the Router in the wireless LAN. This shows the channel number which you select manually. This shows the channel number which the Router is currently using over the wireless LAN. This shows the level of wireless security the Router is using. This shows the wireless standard. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Chapter 9 Router Mode Table 29 Status Screen: Router Mode (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION This displays Configured when the WPS has been set up.

- WPS System Status Item Data System Up Time Current Date/Time System Resource

- CPU Usage

- Memory Usage System Setting

- Firewall

- Bandwidth Management

- UPnP

- Configuration Mode Interface Status Interface Status Rate Summary BW MGMT Monitor DHCP Table Packet Statistics WLAN Station Status This displays Unconfigured if the WPS has not been set up. Click the status to display Network > Wireless LAN > WPS screen. This column shows the type of data the Router is recording. This column shows the actual data recorded by the Router. This is the total time the Router has been on. This field displays your Routers present date and time. This displays what percentage of the Routers processing ability is currently used. When this percentage is close to 100%, the Router is running at full load, and the throughput is not going to improve anymore. If you want some applications to have more throughput, you should turn off other applications (for example, using bandwidth management.) This shows what percentage of the heap memory the Router is using. This shows whether the firewall is enabled or not. This shows whether the bandwidth management is enabled or not. This shows whether UPnP is enabled or not. This shows the web configurator mode you are viewing - Expert. This displays the Router port types. The port types are: WAN, LAN and WLAN. For the LAN and WAN ports, this field displays Down (line is down) or Up (line is up or connected). For the WLAN, it displays Up when the WLAN is enabled or Down when the WLAN is disabled. For the LAN ports, this displays the port speed and duplex setting or N/A when the line is disconnected. For the WAN port, it displays the port speed and duplex setting if youre using Ethernet encapsulation and Idle (line (ppp) idle), Dial (starting to trigger a call) and Drop (dropping a call) if you're using PPPoE or PPTP encapsulation. This field displays N/A when the line is disconnected. For the WLAN, it displays the maximum transmission rate when the WLAN is enabled and N/

A when the WLAN is disabled. Click Details... to go to the Monitor > BW MGMT Monitor screen (Section 6.4 on page 47). Use this screen to view the amount of network bandwidth that applications running in the network are using. Click Details... to go to the Monitor > DHCP Table screen (Section 6.5 on page 47). Use this screen to view current DHCP client information. Click Details... to go to the Monitor > Packet Statistics screen (Section 6.6 on page 48). Use this screen to view port status and packet specific statistics. Click Details... to go to the Monitor > WLAN Station Status screen (Section 6.7 on page 49). Use this screen to view the wireless stations that are currently associated to the Router. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 67 Chapter 9 Router Mode 9.3.1 Navigation Panel Use the sub-menus on the navigation panel to configure Router features. Figure 47 Navigation Panel: Router Mode The following table describes the sub-menus. Table 30 Navigation Panel: Router Mode LINK Status TAB FUNCTION This screen shows the Routers general device, system and interface status information. Use this screen to access the wizard, and summary statistics tables. MONITOR Log BW MGMT DHCP Table Packet Statistics WLAN Station Status CONFIGURATION Network Use this screen to view the list of activities recorded by your Router. Use this screen to view the amount of network bandwidth that applications running in the network are using. Use this screen to view current DHCP client information. Use this screen to view port status and packet specific statistics. Use this screen to view the wireless stations that are currently associated to the Router. 68 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Chapter 9 Router Mode Table 30 Navigation Panel: Router Mode (continued) LINK TAB Wireless LAN General MAC Filter Advanced QoS WPS WPS Station Scheduling WDS WAN Internet Connection Advanced IGMP Snooping IP IP Alias DHCP Server General LAN Advanced General Application Advanced General IP Static Route General Services NAT DDNS Static Route RIP Security Firewall Content Filter Management Bandwidth Management General Advanced Monitor WWW FUNCTION Use this screen to configure wireless LAN. Use the MAC filter screen to configure the Router to block access to devices or block the devices from accessing the Router. This screen allows you to configure advanced wireless settings. Use this screen to configure Wi-Fi Multimedia Quality of Service (WMM QoS). WMM QoS allows you to prioritize wireless traffic according to the delivery requirements of individual services. Use this screen to configure WPS. Use this screen to add a wireless station using WPS. Use this screen to schedule the times the Wireless LAN is enabled. Use this screen to set up Wireless Distribution System (WDS) on your Router. This screen allows you to configure ISP parameters, WAN IP address assignment, DNS servers and the WAN MAC address. Use this screen to configure other advanced properties. Use this screen to enable IGMP snooping if you have LAN users that subscribe to multicast services. Use this screen to configure LAN IP address and subnet mask. Use this screen to have the Router apply IP alias to create LAN subnets. Use this screen to enable the Routers DHCP server. Use this screen to assign IP addresses to specific individual computers based on their MAC addresses and to have DNS servers assigned by the DHCP server. Use this screen to enable NAT. Use this screen to configure servers behind the Router. Use this screen to change your Routers port triggering settings. Use this screen to set up dynamic DNS. Use this screen to configure IP static routes. Use this screen to enable RIPv1 or RIPv2, which are LAN broadcast protocols. Use this screen to activate/deactivate the firewall. This screen shows a summary of the firewall rules, and allows you to edit/

add a firewall rule. Use this screen to block certain web features and sites containing certain keywords in the URL. Use this screen to enable bandwidth management. Use this screen to set the upstream bandwidth and edit a bandwidth management rule. Use this screen to view the amount of network bandwidth that applications running in the network are using. Use this screen to be able to access the Router from the LAN, WAN or both. Remote Management UPnP NBG-419N v2 Users Guide General Use this screen to enable UPnP on the Router. 69 Chapter 9 Router Mode Table 30 Navigation Panel: Router Mode (continued) LINK MAINTENANCE FUNCTION TAB General Password Time Remote Management Firmware Upgrade Backup/

Restore Reset/

Restart Sys OP Mode Password Setup Time Setting WWW Use this screen to view and change administrative settings such as system and domain names. Use this screen to change the password of your Router. Use this screen to change your Routers time and date. Use this screen to configure through which interface(s) and from which IP address(es) users can use HTTP to manage the Router. Use this screen to upload firmware to your Router. Use this screen to backup and restore the configuration or reset the factory defaults to your Router. This screen allows you to reboot the Router without turning the power off. Restart This screen allows you to select whether your device acts as a Router or a Access Point. 70 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide CHAPTER 10 Access Point Mode 10.1 Overview Use your Router as an access point (AP) if you already have a router or gateway on your network. In this mode your Router bridges a wired network (LAN) and wireless LAN (WLAN) in the same subnet. See the figure below for an example. Figure 48 Wireless Internet Access in Access Point Mode Router Many screens that are available in Router mode are not available in Access Point mode, such as bandwidth management and firewall. Note: See Chapter 12 on page 89 for an example of setting up a wireless network in Access Point mode. 10.2 What You Can Do Use the Status screen (Section 10.4 on page 74) to view read-only information about your Router. Use the LAN screen (Section 10.5 on page 76) to set the IP address for your Router acting as an access point. 10.3 What You Need to Know See Chapter 12 on page 89 for a tutorial on setting up a network with the Router as an access point. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 71 Chapter 10 Access Point Mode 10.3.1 Setting your Router to AP Mode 1 2 Log into the Web Configurator if you havent already. See the Quick start Guide for instructions on how to do this. To use your Router as an access point, go to Maintenance > Sys OP Mode > General and select Access Point mode. Figure 49 Changing to Access Point mode Note: You have to log in to the Web Configurator again when you change modes. As soon as you do, your Router is already in Access Point mode. 3 When you select Access Point Mode, the following pop-up message window appears. Figure 50 Pop up for Access Point mode Click OK. The Web Configurator refreshes once the change to Access Point mode is successful. 10.3.2 Accessing the Web Configurator in Access Point Mode Log in to the Web Configurator in Access Point mode, do the following:

1 2 3 72 Connect your computer to the LAN port of the Router. The default IP address of the Router is 192.168.1.2. In this case, your computer must have an IP address in the range between 192.168.1.3 and 192.168.1.254. Click Start > Run on your computer in Windows. Type cmd in the dialog box. Enter ipconfig to show your computers IP address. If your computers IP address is not in the correct range then see Appendix C on page 221 for information on changing your computers IP address. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Chapter 10 Access Point Mode 4 After youve set your computers IP address, open a web browser such as Internet Explorer and type 192.168.1.2 as the web address in your web browser. Note: After clicking Login, the Easy mode appears. Refer to page 53 for the Easy mode screens. Change to Expert mode to see the screens described in the sections following this. 10.3.3 Configuring your WLAN, Bandwidth Management and Maintenance Settings The configuration of wireless, bandwidth management and maintenance settings in Access Point mode is the same as for Router Mode. See Chapter 13 on page 103 for information on the configuring your wireless network. See Chapter 23 on page 163 for information on configuring your Bandwidth Management screen. See Chapter 26 on page 181 to Chapter 26 on page 181 for information on configuring your Maintenance settings. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 73 Chapter 10 Access Point Mode 10.4 AP Mode Status Screen Click to open the Status screen. Figure 51 Status Screen: Access Point Mode The following table describes the labels shown in the Status screen. Table 31 Status Screen: Access Point Mode LABEL Logout Device Information Host Name DESCRIPTION Click this at any time to exit the Web Configurator. Firmware Version Sys OP Mode LAN Information

- MAC Address

- IP Address

- IP Subnet Mask

- DHCP WLAN Information 74 This is the System Name you enter in the Maintenance > General screen. It is for identification purposes. This is the firmware version and the date created. This is the device mode (Section 7.1.2 on page 51) to which the Router is set - Access Point Mode. This shows the LAN Ethernet adapter MAC Address of your device. This shows the LAN ports IP address. This shows the LAN ports subnet mask. This shows the LAN ports DHCP role - Server, Client or None. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Chapter 10 Access Point Mode Table 31 Status Screen: Access Point Mode (continued) LABEL

- WLAN OP Mode

- MAC Address

- Status

- Name (SSID)

- Channel

- Operating Channel

- Security Mode

- 802.11 Mode

- WPS System Status Item Data System Up Time Current Date/Time System Resource

- CPU Usage

- Memory Usage System Setting

- Configuration Mode Interface Status Interface Status Rate Summary Packet Statistics WLAN Station Status NBG-419N v2 Users Guide DESCRIPTION This is the device mode (Section 7.1.2 on page 51) to which the Routers wireless LAN is set

- Access Point Mode. This shows the wireless adapter MAC Address of your device. This shows the current status of the Wireless LAN - ON or OFF. This shows a descriptive name used to identify the Router in the wireless LAN. This shows the channel number which you select manually. This shows the channel number which the Router is currently using over the wireless LAN. This shows the level of wireless security the Router is using. This shows the wireless standard. This displays Configured when the WPS has been set up. This displays Unconfigured if the WPS has not been set up. Click the status to display Network > Wireless LAN > WPS screen. This column shows the type of data the Router is recording. This column shows the actual data recorded by the Router. This is the total time the Router has been on. This field displays your Routers present date and time. This displays what percentage of the Routers processing ability is currently used. When this percentage is close to 100%, the Router is running at full load, and the throughput is not going to improve anymore. If you want some applications to have more throughput, you should turn off other applications (for example, using bandwidth management. This shows what percentage of the heap memory the Router is using. This shows the web configurator mode you are viewing - Expert. This displays the Router port types. The port types are: LAN and WLAN. For the LAN and WAN ports, this field displays Down (line is down) or Up (line is up or connected). For the WLAN, it displays Up when the WLAN is enabled or Down when the WLAN is disabled. For the LAN ports, this displays the port speed and duplex setting or N/A when the line is disconnected. For the WAN port, it displays the port speed and duplex setting if youre using Ethernet encapsulation and Idle (line (ppp) idle), Dial (starting to trigger a call) and Drop (dropping a call) if you're using PPPoE or PPTP encapsulation. This field displays N/A when the line is disconnected. For the WLAN, it displays the maximum transmission rate when the WLAN is enabled and N/

A when the WLAN is disabled. Click Details... to go to the Monitor > Packet Statistics screen (Section 6.6 on page 48). Use this screen to view port status and packet specific statistics. Click Details... to go to the Monitor > WLAN Station Status screen (Section 6.7 on page 49). Use this screen to view the wireless stations that are currently associated to the Router. 75 Chapter 10 Access Point Mode 10.4.0.1 Navigation Panel Use the menu in the navigation panel to configure Router features in Access Point mode. The following screen and table show the features you can configure in Access Point mode. Figure 52 Menu: Access Point Mode Refer to Table 30 on page 68 for descriptions of the labels shown in the Navigation panel. 10.5 LAN Screen Use this section to configure your LAN settings while in Access Point mode. Click Network > LAN to see the screen below. Note: If you change the IP address of the Router in the screen below, you will need to log into the Router again using the new IP address. Figure 53 Network > LAN > IP The table below describes the labels in the screen. 76 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Chapter 10 Access Point Mode Table 32 Network > LAN > IP LABEL Get from DHCP Server DESCRIPTION Click this to deploy the Router as an access point in the network. When you enable this, the Router gets its IP address from the networks DHCP server (for example, your ISP). Users connected to the Router can now access the network (i.e., the Internet if the IP address is given by the ISP). The Web Configurator may no longer be accessible unless you know the IP address assigned by the DHCP server to the Router. You need to reset the Router to be able to access the Web Configurator again (see Section 26.7 on page 186 for details on how to reset the Router). Use Defined LAN IP Address IP Address Also when you select this, you cannot enter an IP address for your Router in the field below. Click this if you want to specify the IP address of your Router. Or if your ISP or network administrator gave you a static IP address to access the network or the Internet. Type the IP address in dotted decimal notation. The default setting is 192.168.1.2. If you change the IP address you will have to log in again with the new IP address. IP Subnet Mask The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your Router will automatically calculate the subnet mask based on the IP address that you assign. Unless you are implementing subnetting, use the subnet mask computed by the Router. Enter a Gateway IP Address (if your ISP or network administrator gave you one) in this field. Gateway IP Address DNS Assignment First DNS Server Second DNS Server Apply Reset Select From ISP if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server information (and the Router's WAN IP address). The field to the right displays the (read-only) DNS server IP address that the ISP assigns. Select User-Defined if you have the IP address of a DNS server. Enter the DNS server's IP address in the field to the right. If you chose User-Defined, but leave the IP address set to 0.0.0.0, User-Defined changes to None after you click Apply. If you set a second choice to User-Defined, and enter the same IP address, the second User-Defined changes to None after you click Apply. Select None if you do not want to configure DNS servers. If you do not configure a DNS server, you must know the IP address of a computer in order to access it. Click Apply to save your changes to the Router. Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 77 CHAPTER 11 WISP Mode 11.1 Overview Your Router can act as a wireless client. In wireless client mode, it can connect to an existing network via an access point. Use this mode if you already have an access point or router in your network. In the example below, one Router (A) is configured as a wireless client and another is used as an access point (B). The wireless client has two clients that need to connect to the Internet. The Router wirelessly connects to the available access point (B). Figure 54 Wireless Client Mode WISP Access Point built-in firewall After the Router and the access point connect, the Router acquires its WAN IP address from the access point. The clients of the Router can now surf the Internet. 11.2 What You Can Do Use the Status screen (Section 11.4 on page 80) to view read-only information about your Router. Use the LAN screen (Chapter 15 on page 133) to set the IP address for your Router acting as an access point. Use the Wireless LAN screen (Section 11.5 on page 82) to associate your Router (acting as a wireless client) with an existing access point. 11.3 What You Need to Know With the exception of the LAN screen, the Monitor, Configuration and Maintainance screens in WISP mode are similar to the ones in Router Mode. See Chapter 13 on page 103 through Chapter 26 on page 189 of this Users Guide. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 78 Chapter 11 WISP Mode 11.3.1 Setting your Router to WISP Mode 1 2 Log into the Web Configurator if you havent already. See the Quick start Guide for instructions on how to do this. To set your Router to AP Mode, go to Maintenance > Sys OP Mode > General and select WISP Mode. Figure 55 Changing to WISP mode Note: You have to log in to the Web Configurator again when you change modes.As soon as you do, your Router is already in WISP mode. 3 When you select WISP Mode, the following pop-up message window appears. Figure 56 Pop up window for WISP mode Click OK. The Web Configurator refreshes once the change to WISP mode is successful. 11.3.2 Accessing the Web Configurator in WISP Mode 1 2 To login to Web Configurator in WISP mode, do the following:

Connect your computer to the LAN port of the Router. The default IP address of the Router is 192.168.1.1. If you did not change this, you can use the same IP address in WISP mode. Open a web browser such as Internet Explorer and type 192.168.1.1 as the web address in your web browser. If you changed the IP address of your Router while in Router Mode, use this IP address in WISP mode. The WISP mode IP address is always the same as the Router mode IP adderss. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 79 Chapter 11 WISP Mode Note: After clicking Login, the Easy mode appears. Refer to Section on page 53 for the Easy mode screens. Click Expert mode to see the screens described in the sections following this. 11.4 WISP Mode Status Screen Click to open the status screen. Figure 57 Status: WISP Mode The following table describes the labels shown in the Status screen. Table 33 Status Screen: WISP Mode LABEL Logout Device Information Host Name DESCRIPTION Click this at any time to exit the Web Configurator. This is the System Name you enter in the Maintenance > General screen. It is for identification purposes. This is the firmware version and the date created. This is the device mode (Section 7.1.2 on page 51) to which the Router is set - WISP Mode. Firmware Version Sys OP Mode WAN Information 80 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Chapter 11 WISP Mode Table 33 Status Screen: WISP Mode (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION This shows the WAN Ethernet adapter MAC Address of your device. This shows the WAN ports IP address. This shows the WAN ports subnet mask. This shows the WAN ports gateway IP address. This shows the LAN ports DHCP role - Client or Server.

- MAC Address

- IP Address

- IP Subnet Mask

- Default Gateway

- DHCP LAN Information

- MAC Address

- IP Address

- IP Subnet Mask

- DHCP WLAN Information

- WLAN OP Mode

- MAC Address

- Status

- Name (SSID)

- Connect Status

- Security Mode

- 802.11 Mode System Status Item Data System Up Time Current Date/Time System Resource

- CPU Usage

- Memory Usage System Setting

- Firewall

- Bandwidth Management

- UPnP

- Configuration Mode Interface Status Interface Status This shows the LAN Ethernet adapter MAC Address of your device. This shows the LAN ports IP address. This shows the LAN ports subnet mask. This shows the LAN ports DHCP role - Server or None. This is the device mode (Section 7.1.2 on page 51) to which the Routers wireless LAN is set

- Access Point Mode. This shows the wireless adapter MAC Address of your device. This shows the current status of the Wireless LAN - ON or OFF. This shows a descriptive name used to identify the Router in the wireless LAN. This shows whether or not the Router has successfully associated with an access point -

Connected or Disassociated. This shows the level of wireless security the Router is using. This shows the wireless standard. This column shows the type of data the Router is recording. This column shows the actual data recorded by the Router. This is the total time the Router has been on. This field displays your Routers present date and time. This displays what percentage of the Routers processing ability is currently used. When this percentage is close to 100%, the Router is running at full load, and the throughput is not going to improve anymore. If you want some applications to have more throughput, you should turn off other applications (for example, using bandwidth management. This shows what percentage of the heap memory the Router is using. This shows whether the firewall is enabled or not. This shows whether the bandwidth management is enabled or not. This shows whether UPnP is enabled or not. This shows the web configurator mode you are viewing - Expert. This displays the Router port types. The port types are: LAN and WLAN. For the LAN and WAN ports, this field displays Down (line is down) or Up (line is up or connected). For the WLAN, it displays Up when the WLAN is enabled or Down when the WLAN is disabled. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 81 Chapter 11 WISP Mode Table 33 Status Screen: WISP Mode (continued) LABEL Rate DESCRIPTION For the LAN ports, this displays the port speed and duplex setting or N/A when the line is disconnected. For the WAN port, it displays the port speed and duplex setting if youre using Ethernet encapsulation and Idle (line (ppp) idle), Dial (starting to trigger a call) and Drop (dropping a call) if you're using PPPoE or PPTP encapsulation. This field displays N/A when the line is disconnected. For the WLAN, it displays the maximum transmission rate when the WLAN is enabled and N/

A when the WLAN is disabled. Click Details... to go to the Monitor > BW MGMT Monitor screen (Section 6.4 on page 47). Use this screen to view the amount of network bandwidth that applications running in the network are using. Click Details... to go to the Monitor > DHCP Table screen (Section 6.5 on page 47). Use this screen to view current DHCP client information. Click Details... to go to the Monitor > Packet Statistics screen (Section 6.6 on page 48). Use this screen to view port status and packet specific statistics. Summary BW MGMT Monitor DHCP Table Packet Statistics 11.5 Wireless LAN General Screen Use this screen to configure the wireless LAN settings of your Router. Go to Configuration >

Wireless LAN > General to open the following screen. Figure 58 WISP Mode: LAN > General Screen The following table describes the labels in this screen. DESCRIPTION Table 34 WISP Mode: LAN > General Screen LABEL Wireless Setup Network Name

(SSID) Security Security Mode Apply Reset Enter the name of the access point to which you are connecting. Select the security mode of the access point to which you want to connect. Click Apply to save your changes back to the Router. Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen. 82 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 11.5.0.1 No Security Use this screen if the access point to which you want to connect does not use encryption. Figure 59 No Security (WISP) Chapter 11 WISP Mode The following table describes the labels in this screen. DESCRIPTION Table 35 No Security (WISP) LABEL Wireless Setup Network Name

(SSID) Security Security Mode Apply Cancel Enter the name of the access point to which you are connecting. Select No Security in this field. Click Apply to save your changes back to the Router. Click Cancel to reload the previous configuration for this screen. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 83 Chapter 11 WISP Mode 11.5.1 Static WEP Use this screen if the access point to which you want to connect to uses WEP security mode. Figure 60 WEP (WISP) The following table describes the labels in this screen.. DESCRIPTION Table 36 WEP (WISP) LABEL Wireless Setup Network Name

(SSID) Security Security Mode PassPhrase Enter the name of the access point to which you are connecting. Select Static WEP to enable data encryption. Enter a Passphrase (up to 26 printable characters) and click Generate. WEP Encryption Authentication Method A passphrase functions like a password. In WEP security mode, it is further converted by the Router into a complicated string that is referred to as the key. This key is requested from all devices wishing to connect to a wireless network. Select 64-bit WEP or 128-bit WEP. This dictates the length of the security key that the network is going to use. Select Auto or Shared Key from the drop-down list box. This field specifies whether the wireless clients have to provide the WEP key to login to the wireless client. Keep this setting at Auto unless you want to force a key verification before communication between the wireless client and the Router occurs. ASCII Select Shared Key to force the clients to provide the WEP key prior to communication. Select this option in order to enter ASCII characters as WEP key. 84 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Chapter 11 WISP Mode Table 36 WEP (WISP) (continued) LABEL Hex DESCRIPTION Select this option in order to enter hexadecimal characters as a WEP key. Key 1 to Key 4 The preceding "0x", that identifies a hexadecimal key, is entered automatically. The WEP keys are used to encrypt data. Both the Router and the wireless stations must use the same WEP key for data transmission. If you chose 64-bit WEP, then enter any 5 ASCII characters or 10 hexadecimal characters

("0-9", "A-F"). If you chose 128-bit WEP, then enter 13 ASCII characters or 26 hexadecimal characters

("0-9", "A-F"). You must configure at least one key, only one key can be activated at any one time. The default key is key 1. Click Apply to save your changes back to the Router. Click Cancel to reload the previous configuration for this screen. Apply Cancel 11.5.2 WPA(2)-PSK Use this screen if the access point to which you want to connect uses WPA(2)-PSK security mode. Figure 61 WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK (WISP) The following table describes the labels in this screen. DESCRIPTION Table 37 WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK (WISP) LABEL Wireless Setup Network Name

(SSID) Security Encryption Type Enter the name of the access point to which you are connecting. Select the type of wireless encryption employed by the access point to which you want to connect. Pre-Shared Key WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK uses a simple common password for authentication. Apply Cancel Type the pre-shared key employed by the access point to which you want to connect. Click Apply to save your changes back to the Router. Click Cancel to reload the previous configuration for this screen. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 85 Chapter 11 WISP Mode 11.5.3 Advance Screen Use this screen to enable the power saving mode of your Router. Go to Configuration > Wireless LAN to open the following screen. Figure 62 Configuration > Wireless LAN > Advance Screen (WISP) The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 38 Configuration > Wireless LAN > Advance Screen (WISP) LABEL Power Saving Mode DESCRIPTION Select CAM (Constantly Awake Mode) if you do not want your Router to go to sleep when no wireless activity is detected in the Wireless LAN. Select Power Saving Mode if you want the Router to go to sleep when no wireless connection is needed for a period of time. This means the Router consumes less electrical power. This is the maximum data fragment size that can be sent in a wireless network before the AP fragments the packet into smaller data frames. This value controls how often wireless clients must get permission to send information to the AP. The lower the value, the more often the wireless clients must get permission. If this value is greater than the fragmentation threshold value, then wireless clients never have to get permission to send information to the AP. Click Apply to save your changes back to the Router. Click Cancel to reload the previous configuration for this screen. RTS Threshold Fragment Threshold Apply Cancel 86 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 11.5.4 Site Survey Screen Use this screen to scan for and connect to a wireless network automatically. Go to Configuration >

Site Survey to open the following screen. Figure 63 Configuration > Wireless LAN > Site Survey (WISP) Chapter 11 WISP Mode The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 39 Configuration > Wireless LAN > Site Survey (WISP) LABEL Station Site Survey

DESCRIPTION SSID Select a wireless device and click Add Profile to open a configuration screen where you can add the selected wireless device to a profile and then enable it. This displays the SSID of the wireless device. indicates the wireless device is added to an activated profile and the Router is connecting to it. BSSID Signal Strength Channel station encryp station auth Network Type Rescan Setting This displays the MAC address of the wireless device. This displays the strength of the wireless signal. The signal strength mainly depends on the antenna output power and the distance between your Router and this device. This displays the channel number used by this wireless device. This displays the data encryption method used by this wireless device. This displays the authentication method used by this wireless device. This displays the network type (In (Infrastructure) or Ad (Ad Hoc) of this wireless device. Click this button to search for available wireless devices within transmission range and update this table. Select a wireless device and click this button to add it to a profile. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 87 Chapter 11 WISP Mode 88 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide CHAPTER 12 Tutorials 12.1 Overview This chapter provides tutorials for your Router as follows:

Connecting to the Internet from an Access Point Configuring Wireless Security Using WPS Enabling and Configuring Wireless Security (No WPS) Connecting to USB Storage with the ZyXEL NetUSB Share Center Utility Automatically Connecting to a USB Printer 12.2 Connecting to the Internet from an Access Point This section gives you an example of how to set up an access point (AP) and wireless client (a notebook (B), in this example) for wireless communication. B can access the Internet through the access point wirelessly. Figure 64 Wireless Access Point Connection to the Internet 12.3 Configuring Wireless Security Using WPS This section gives you an example of how to set up wireless network using WPS. This example uses the Router as the AP and NWD210N as the wireless client which connects to a notebook. Note: The wireless client must be a WPS-aware device (for example, a WPS USB adapter or PCI card). There are two WPS methods for creating a secure connection. This tutorial shows you how to do both. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 89 Chapter 12 Tutorials Push Button Configuration (PBC) - create a secure wireless network simply by pressing a button. See Section 12.3.1 on page 90.This is the easier method. PIN Configuration - create a secure wireless network simply by entering a wireless client's PIN

(Personal Identification Number) in the Routers interface. See Section 12.3.2 on page 91. This is the more secure method, since one device can authenticate the other. 12.3.1 Push Button Configuration (PBC) 1 Make sure that your Router is turned on and that it is within range of your computer. 2 Make sure that you have installed the wireless client (this example uses the NWD210N) driver and utility in your notebook. 3 4 In the wireless client utility, find the WPS settings. Enable WPS and press the WPS button (Start or WPS button) Log into Routers Web Configurator and press the Push Button button in the Network > Wireless Client > WPS Station screen. Note: Your Router has a WPS button located on its panel, as well as a WPS button in its configuration utility. Both buttons have exactly the same function; you can use one or the other. Note: It doesnt matter which button is pressed first. You must press the second button within two minutes of pressing the first one. The Router sends the proper configuration settings to the wireless client. This may take up to two minutes. Then the wireless client is able to communicate with the Router securely. 90 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Chapter 12 Tutorials The following figure shows you an example to set up wireless network and security by pressing a button on both Router and wireless client (the NWD210N in this example). Figure 65 Example WPS Process: PBC Method Wireless Client NBG-419N v2 WITHIN 2 MINUTES SECURITY INFO COMMUNICATION 12.3.2 PIN Configuration When you use the PIN configuration method, you need to use both Routers configuration interface and the clients utilities. 1 2 3 Launch your wireless clients configuration utility. Go to the WPS settings and select the PIN method to get a PIN number. Enter the PIN number to the PIN field in the Network > Wireless LAN > WPS Station screen on the Router. Click Start buttons (or button next to the PIN field) on both the wireless client utility screen and the Routers WPS Station screen within two minutes. The Router authenticates the wireless client and sends the proper configuration settings to the wireless client. This may take up to two minutes. Then the wireless client is able to communicate with the Router securely. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 91 Chapter 12 Tutorials The following figure shows you the example to set up wireless network and security on Router and wireless client (ex. NWD210N in this example) by using PIN method. Figure 66 Example WPS Process: PIN Method Wireless Client NBG-419N v2 WITHIN 2 MINUTES Authentication by PIN SECURITY INFO COMMUNICATION 92 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 12.4 Enabling and Configuring Wireless Security (No WPS) This example shows you how to configure wireless security settings with the following parameters on your Router. Chapter 12 Tutorials SSID Channel Security SSID_Example3 6 WPA-PSK

(Pre-Shared Key: ThisismyWPA-PSKpre-sharedkey) Follow the steps below to configure the wireless settings on your Router. The instructions require that your hardware is connected (see the Quick Start Guide) and you are logged into the Web Configurator through your LAN connection (see Section 5.2 on page 39). 1 Open the Wireless LAN > General screen in the APs Web Configurator. 2 Make sure the Enable Wireless LAN check box is selected. 3 4 Enter SSID_Example3 as the SSID and select a channel. Set security mode to WPA-PSK and enter ThisismyWPA-PSKpre-sharedkey in the Pre-Shared Key field. Click Apply. Figure 67 Tutorial: Network > Wireless LAN > General NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 93 Chapter 12 Tutorials 5 Open the Status screen. Verify your wireless and wireless security settings under Device Information and check if the WLAN connection is up under Interface Status. Figure 68 Tutorial: Checking Wireless Settings 12.4.1 Configure Your Notebook Note: We use the ZyXEL M-302 wireless adapter utility screens as an example for the wireless client. The screens may vary for different models. 1 The Router supports IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and IEEE 802.11n wireless clients. Make sure that your notebook or computers wireless adapter supports one of these standards. 2 Wireless adapters come with software sometimes called a utility that you install on your computer. See your wireless adapters Users Guide for information on how to do that. 3 4 After youve installed the utility, open it. If you cannot see your utilitys icon on your screen, go to Start > Programs and click on your utility in the list of programs that appears. The utility displays a list of APs within range, as shown in the example screen below. Select SSID_Example3 and click Connect. Figure 69 Connecting a Wireless Client to a Wireless Network t 94 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 5 Select WPA-PSK and type the security key in the following screen. Click Next. Figure 70 Security Settings Chapter 12 Tutorials 6 The Confirm Save window appears. Check your settings and click Save to continue. Figure 71 Confirm Save 7 Check the status of your wireless connection in the screen below. If your wireless connection is weak or you have no connection, see the Troubleshooting section of this Users Guide. Figure 72 Link Status If your connection is successful, open your Internet browser and enter http://www.zyxel.com or the URL of any other web site in the address bar. If you are able to access the web site, your wireless connection is successfully configured. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 95 Chapter 12 Tutorials 12.5 Connecting to USB Storage with the ZyXEL NetUSB Share Center Utility This tutorial shows you how to connect to a USB device over your Router network by using the ZyXEL NetUSB Share Center Utility. 1 2 Install the ZyXEL NetUSB Share Center Utility on the computer to which you want to connect the USB device. See Chapter 3 on page 21 for details on the installation. Connect a USB device to one of the USB ports of the Router. 3 Open the ZyXEL NetUSB Sharing Center Utility on your computer. The name of the USB device automatically shows in the Utility screen. 4 Click on the USB devices name. Then click Connect. 5 The device mounts on your system. 12.5.1 Multiple Connections to the USB Device The Utility supports one connection to the Routers USB device at a time. If more than one computer want to connect to the USB device, follow the steps below:

96 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Chapter 12 Tutorials 1 2 3 After the first computer (A) finishes using the USB device, click Disconnect on the Utilty to unmount it. Click Connect on the Utility of the second computer (B) to mount the USB device on B. If A does not disconnect from the USB device, B cannot use it. B can click the Request to Connect button to request A to disconnect. B will see the following message on its Utility:

4 A will receive the following message on its Utility screen. 5 A should click Accept to disconnect to the USB device. 6 After A is disconnected from USB device, B will see the following message on its Utility. Now B can access the USB device. Note: If your computer is connected to a USB device, you must disconnect it and use Exit to close the Utility. If you use the X on the Utility screen, it only closes the Utility window. The Utility is still connected. Do not exit the Utility until the USB device is disconnected via the Utility or until you receive a request to disconnect. See Chapter 3 on page 21 for details on how to exit the Utility. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 97 Chapter 12 Tutorials 12.6 Automatically Connecting to a USB Printer Your computer can connect to a shared USB printer by using the ZyXEL NetUSB Share Center Utility. This tutorial shows you how to set your computer to automatically connect to a shared USB printer over your Router network each time you log into your computer. 1 2 Install the ZyXEL NetUSB Share Center Utility to your computer. See Chapter 3 on page 21 for details on the installation. Connect a USB printer to one of the USB ports of the Router. 3 Open the ZyXEL NetUSB Sharing Center Utility on your computer. The name of the USB printer automatically shows in the Utility screen. 4 Click on the printer name. Then click Connect. Your computer will search for the printer driver. You may be prompted to install the driver. Follow the drivers installation steps to finish installing. 5 Click the Auto-Connect Printer menu and select Set Auto-Connect Printer from the menu. 98 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 6 Select the USB printer you want to connect to and click Apply. Chapter 12 Tutorials 7 Now your computer can automatically connect to this shared USB printer over your Router network each time you log into your computer. The printer will be automatically added to your printer list. 8 The Utility supports one connection to the Routers USB device at a time. If more than one computer is using the printer and are all auto-connected to the USB device, the second computer automatically starts printing after the first computer finishes its printing task. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 99 Chapter 12 Tutorials 100 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide PART II Technical Reference 101 102 CHAPTER 13 Wireless LAN 13.1 Overview This chapter discusses how to configure the wireless network settings in your Router. See the appendices for more detailed information about wireless networks. The following figure provides an example of a wireless network. Figure 73 Example of a Wireless Network Router A B The wireless network is the part in the blue circle. In this wireless network, devices A and B are called wireless clients. The wireless clients use the access point (AP) to interact with other devices

(such as the printer) or with the Internet. Your Router is the AP. 13.2 What You Can Do Use the General screen (Section 13.4 on page 106) to enable the Wireless LAN, enter the SSID and select the wireless security mode. Use the MAC Filter screen (Section 13.5 on page 110) to allow or deny wireless stations based on their MAC addresses from connecting to the Router. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 103 Chapter 13 Wireless LAN Use the Advanced screen (Section 13.6 on page 111) to allow wireless advanced features, such as intra-BSS networking and set the RTS/CTS Threshold. Use the QoS screen (Section 13.7 on page 113) to set priority levels to services, such as e-mail, VoIP, chat, and so on. Use the WPS screen (Section 13.8 on page 114) to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without having to configure security settings manually. Use the WPS Station screen (Section 13.9 on page 115) to add a wireless station using WPS. Use the Scheduling screen (Section 13.10 on page 116) to set the times your wireless LAN is turned on and off. Use the WDS screen (Section 13.11 on page 117) to configure Wireless Distribution System on your Router. 13.3 What You Should Know Every wireless network must follow these basic guidelines. Every wireless client in the same wireless network must use the same SSID. The SSID is the name of the wireless network. It stands for Service Set IDentity. If two wireless networks overlap, they should use different channels. Like radio stations or television channels, each wireless network uses a specific channel, or frequency, to send and receive information. Every wireless client in the same wireless network must use security compatible with the AP. Security stops unauthorized devices from using the wireless network. It can also protect the information that is sent in the wireless network. 13.3.1 Wireless Security Overview The following sections introduce different types of wireless security you can set up in the wireless network. 13.3.1.1 SSID Normally, the AP acts like a beacon and regularly broadcasts the SSID in the area. You can hide the SSID instead, in which case the AP does not broadcast the SSID. In addition, you should change the default SSID to something that is difficult to guess. This type of security is fairly weak, however, because there are ways for unauthorized devices to get the SSID. In addition, unauthorized devices can still see the information that is sent in the wireless network. 13.3.1.2 MAC Address Filter Every wireless client has a unique identification number, called a MAC address.1 A MAC address is usually written using twelve hexadecimal characters2; for example, 00A0C5000002 or 1. Some wireless devices, such as scanners, can detect wireless networks but cannot use wireless networks. These kinds of wireless devices might not have MAC addresses. 2. Hexadecimal characters are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, and F. 104 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Chapter 13 Wireless LAN 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. To get the MAC address for each wireless client, see the appropriate Users Guide or other documentation. You can use the MAC address filter to tell the AP which wireless clients are allowed or not allowed to use the wireless network. If a wireless client is allowed to use the wireless network, it still has to have the correct settings (SSID, channel, and security). If a wireless client is not allowed to use the wireless network, it does not matter if it has the correct settings. This type of security does not protect the information that is sent in the wireless network. Furthermore, there are ways for unauthorized devices to get the MAC address of an authorized wireless client. Then, they can use that MAC address to use the wireless network. 13.3.1.3 Encryption Wireless networks can use encryption to protect the information that is sent in the wireless network. Encryption is like a secret code. If you do not know the secret code, you cannot understand the message. The types of encryption you can choose depend on the type of user authentication. Table 40 Types of Encryption for Each Type of Authentication Weakest Strongest NO AUTHENTICATION No Security WEP WPA-PSK WPA2-PSK Usually, you should set up the strongest encryption that every wireless client in the wireless network supports. Suppose the wireless network has two wireless clients. Device A only supports WEP, and device B supports WEP and WPA-PSK. Therefore, you should set up WEP in the wireless network. Note: It is recommended that wireless networks use WPA-PSK or stronger encryption. IEEE 802.1x and WEP encryption are better than none at all, but it is still possible for unauthorized devices to figure out the original information pretty quickly. When you select WPA2-PSK in your Router, you can also select an option (WPA Compatible) to support WPA as well. In this case, if some wireless clients support WPA and some support WPA2, you should set up WPA2-PSK (depending on the type of wireless network login) and select the WPA Compatible option in the Router. Many types of encryption use a key to protect the information in the wireless network. The longer the key, the stronger the encryption. Every wireless client in the wireless network must have the same key. 13.3.1.4 WPS WiFi Protected Setup (WPS) is an industry standard specification, defined by the WiFi Alliance. WPS allows you to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without having to configure security settings manually. Depending on the devices in your network, you can either press a button (on the device itself, or in its configuration utility) or enter a PIN (Personal Identification Number) in the devices. Then, they connect and set up a secure network by themselves. See how to set up a secure wireless network using WPS in the Section 12.3 on page 89. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 105 Chapter 13 Wireless LAN 13.3.1.5 WDS Wireless Distribution System or WDS security is used between bridged APs. It is independent of the security between the wired networks and their respective APs. If you do not enable WDS security, traffic between APs is not encrypted. When WDS security is enabled, both APs must use the same pre-shared key. 13.4 General Wireless LAN Screen Use this screen to enable the Wireless LAN, enter the SSID and select the wireless security mode. Note: If you are configuring the Router from a computer connected to the wireless LAN and you change the Routers SSID, channel or security settings, you will lose your wireless connection when you press Apply to confirm. You must then change the wireless settings of your computer to match the Routers new settings. Click Network > Wireless LAN to open the General screen. Figure 74 Network > Wireless LAN > General The following table describes the general wireless LAN labels in this screen. Table 41 Network > Wireless LAN > General LABEL Wireless Setup Wireless LAN This is turned on by default. DESCRIPTION Network Name(SSID) Hide SSID You can turn the wireless LAN on or off using the switch at the rear panel of the Router. The current wireless state is reflected in this field.

(Service Set IDentity) The SSID identifies the Service Set with which a wireless station is associated. Wireless stations associating to the Router must have the same SSID. Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 keyboard characters) for the wireless LAN. Select this check box to hide the SSID in the outgoing beacon frame so a station cannot obtain the SSID through scanning using a site survey tool. 106 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Chapter 13 Wireless LAN Table 41 Network > Wireless LAN > General (continued) LABEL Channel Selection DESCRIPTION Set the operating frequency/channel depending on your particular region. Select a channel from the drop-down list box. The options vary depending on the frequency band and the country you are in. Operating Channel Security Security Mode Refer to the Connection Wizard chapter for more information on channels. This option is only available if Auto Channel Selection is disabled. This displays the channel the Router is currently using. Select WEP, WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK to add security on this wireless network. The wireless clients which want to associate to this network must have same wireless security settings as the Router. After you select to use a security, additional options appears in this screen. See 13.4.2 and 13.4.3 sections. Or you can select No Security to allow any client to associate this network without authentication. Note: If you enable the WPS function, only No Security, WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK are available in this field. Apply Reset Click Apply to save your changes back to the Router. Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen. See the rest of this chapter for information on the other labels in this screen. 13.4.1 No Security Select No Security to allow wireless stations to communicate with the access points without any data encryption. Note: If you do not enable any wireless security on your Router, your network is accessible to any wireless networking device that is within range. Figure 75 Network > Wireless LAN > General: No Security NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 107 Chapter 13 Wireless LAN The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 42 Network > Wireless LAN > General: No Security LABEL Security Mode Apply Cancel DESCRIPTION Choose No Security from the drop-down list box. Click Apply to save your changes back to the Router. Click Cancel to reload the previous configuration for this screen. Refer to Table 41 on page 106 for descriptions of the other labels in this screen. 13.4.2 WEP Encryption WEP encryption scrambles the data transmitted between the wireless stations and the access points to keep network communications private. It encrypts unicast and multicast communications in a network. Both the wireless stations and the access points must use the same WEP key. Your Router allows you to configure up to four 64-bit or 128-bit WEP keys but only one key can be enabled at any one time. In order to configure and enable WEP encryption, click Network > Wireless LAN to display the General screen. Select Static WEP from the Security Mode list. Figure 76 Network > Wireless LAN > General: Static WEP 108 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Chapter 13 Wireless LAN The following table describes the wireless LAN security labels in this screen. Table 43 Network > Wireless LAN > General: Static WEP LABEL Security Mode PassPhrase DESCRIPTION Select Static WEP to enable data encryption. Enter a Passphrase (up to 26 printable characters) and click Generate. A passphrase functions like a password. In WEP security mode, it is further converted by the Router into a complicated string that is referred to as the key. This key is requested from all devices wishing to connect to a wireless network. WEP Encryption Select 64-bit WEP or 128-bit WEP. Authentication Method This dictates the length of the security key that the network is going to use. Select Auto or Shared Key from the drop-down list box. This field specifies whether the wireless clients have to provide the WEP key to login to the wireless client. Keep this setting at Auto unless you want to force a key verification before communication between the wireless client and the Router occurs. ASCII Hex Select Shared Key to force the clients to provide the WEP key prior to communication. Select this option in order to enter ASCII characters as WEP key. Select this option in order to enter hexadecimal characters as a WEP key. Key 1 to Key 4 The preceding "0x", that identifies a hexadecimal key, is entered automatically. The WEP keys are used to encrypt data. Both the Router and the wireless stations must use the same WEP key for data transmission. If you chose 64-bit WEP, then enter any 5 ASCII characters or 10 hexadecimal characters

("0-9", "A-F"). If you chose 128-bit WEP, then enter 13 ASCII characters or 26 hexadecimal characters

("0-9", "A-F"). Apply Cancel You must configure at least one key, only one key can be activated at any one time. Click Apply to save your changes back to the Router. Click Cancel to reload the previous configuration for this screen. Refer to Table 41 on page 106 for descriptions of the other labels in this screen. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 109 Chapter 13 Wireless LAN 13.4.3 WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK Click Network > Wireless LAN to display the General screen. Select WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK from the Security Mode list. Figure 77 Network > Wireless LAN > General: WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 44 Network > Wireless LAN > General: WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK LABEL Security Mode WPA-PSK Compatible DESCRIPTION Select WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK to enable data encryption. This field appears when you choose WPA-PSK2 as the Security Mode. Check this field to allow wireless devices using WPA-PSK security mode to connect to your Router. Pre-Shared Key WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK uses a simple common password for authentication. Group Key Update Timer Apply Cancel Type a pre-shared key from 8 to 63 case-sensitive keyboard characters. The Group Key Update Timer is the rate at which the AP sends a new group key out to all clients. Click Apply to save your changes back to the Router. Click Cancel to reload the previous configuration for this screen. Refer to Table 41 on page 106 for descriptions of the other labels in this screen. 13.5 MAC Filter The MAC filter screen allows you to configure the Router to give exclusive access to devices (Allow) or exclude devices from accessing the Router (Deny). Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC

(Media Access Control) address. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six 110 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Chapter 13 Wireless LAN pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. You need to know the MAC address of the devices to configure this screen. To change your Routers MAC filter settings, click Network > Wireless LAN > MAC Filter. The screen appears as shown. Figure 78 Network > Wireless LAN > MAC Filter The following table describes the labels in this menu. Table 45 Network > Wireless LAN > MAC Filter LABEL Access Policy Policy DESCRIPTION Define the filter action for the list of MAC addresses in the MAC Address table. Select Allow to permit access to the Router, MAC addresses not listed will be denied access to the Router. Select Reject to block access to the Router, MAC addresses not listed will be allowed to access the Router Enter the MAC addresses of the wireless station that are allowed or denied access to the Router in these address fields. Enter the MAC addresses in a valid MAC address format, that is, six hexadecimal character pairs, for example, 12:34:56:78:9a:bc. Click Add. Add a station Mac Address MAC Filter Summary Delete MAC Address Apply Cancel Click the delete icon to remove the MAC address from the list. This is the MAC address of the wireless station that are allowed or denied access to the Router. Click Apply to save your changes back to the Router. Click Cancel to reload the previous configuration for this screen. 13.6 Wireless LAN Advanced Screen Use this screen to allow wireless advanced features, such as intra-BSS networking and set the RTS/CTS Threshold NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 111 Chapter 13 Wireless LAN Click Network > Wireless LAN > Advanced. The screen appears as shown. Figure 79 Network > Wireless LAN > Advanced The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 46 Network > Wireless LAN > Advanced LABEL RTS/CTS Threshold Fragmentation Threshold Enable Intra-

BSS Traffic DESCRIPTION Data with its frame size larger than this value will perform the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS

(Clear To Send) handshake. The threshold (number of bytes) for the fragmentation boundary for directed messages. It is the maximum data fragment size that can be sent. Enter an even number. A Basic Service Set (BSS) exists when all communications between wireless clients or between a wireless client and a wired network client go through one access point (AP). Output Power Network Mode Intra-BSS traffic is traffic between wireless clients in the BSS. When Intra-BSS is enabled, wireless client A and B can access the wired network and communicate with each other. When Intra-BSS is disabled, wireless client A and B can still access the wired network but cannot communicate with each other. Set the output power of the Router in this field. If there is a high density of APs in an area, decrease the output power of the Router to reduce interference with other APs. Select one of the following 100%, 90%, 75%, 50%, 25%, 10% or Minimum. See the product specifications for more information on your Routers output power. Select 11b/g mixed mode to allow IEEE802.11b and IEEE802.11g compliant WLAN devices to associate with the Router. Select 802.11b only to allow only IEEE 802.11b compliant WLAN devices to associate with the Router. Select 802.11g only to allow only IEEE 802.11g compliant WLAN devices to associate with the Router. Select 802.11n only to allow only IEEE 802.11n compliant WLAN devices to associate with the Router. Select 11b/g/n mixed mode to allow IEEE802.11b, IEEE802.11g and IEEE802.11n compliant WLAN devices to associate with the Router. 112 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Chapter 13 Wireless LAN DESCRIPTION Table 46 Network > Wireless LAN > Advanced (continued) LABEL HT (High Throughput) Physical Mode - Use the fields below to configure the 802.11 wireless environment of your Router. Operating Mode Choose this according to the wireless mode(s) used in your network. Mixed Mode - Select this if the wireless clients in your network use different wireless modes

(for example, IEEE 802.11b/g and IEEE 802.1n modes) Green Mode - Select this if the wireless clients in your network uses only one type of wireless mode (for example, IEEEE 802.11 n only) Select the channel bandwidth you want to use for your wireless network. It is recommended that you select 20/40 (20/40 MHz). Select 20 MHz if you want to lessen radio interference with other wireless devices in your neighborhood. Select Auto to increase data throughput. However, this may make data transfer more prone to errors. Select Long to prioritize data integrity. This may be because your wireless network is busy and congested or the Router is located in an environment prone to radio interference. This is set to Auto by default. If you select 20/40 as your Channel Bandwidth, the extension channel enables the Router to get higher data throughput. This also lowers radio interference and traffic. Click Apply to save your changes back to the Router. Click Cancel to reload the previous configuration for this screen. Channel Bandwidth Guard Interval Extension Channel Apply Cancel 13.7 Quality of Service (QoS) Screen The QoS screen allows you to automatically give a service (such as VoIP and video) a priority level. Click Network > Wireless LAN > QoS. The following screen appears. Figure 80 Network > Wireless LAN > QoS The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 47 Network > Wireless LAN > QoS LABEL Enable WMM QoS DESCRIPTION Check this to have the Router automatically give a service a priority level according to the ToS value in the IP header of packets it sends. WMM QoS (Wifi MultiMedia Quality of Service) gives high priority to voice and video, which makes them run more smoothly. Click Apply to save your changes to the Router. Click Cancel to reload the previous configuration for this screen. Apply Cancel NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 113 Chapter 13 Wireless LAN 13.8 WPS Screen Use this screen to enable/disable WPS, view or generate a new PIN number and check current WPS status. To open this screen, click Network > Wireless LAN > WPS tab. Figure 81 Network > Wireless LAN > WPS The following table describes the labels in this screen. DESCRIPTION Table 48 Network > Wireless LAN > WPS LABEL WPS Setup Enable WPS PIN Number Select this to enable the WPS feature. This displays a PIN number last time system generated. Click Generate to generate a new PIN number. Status Status Release Configuration 802.11 Mode SSID Security Apply Cancel This displays Configured when the Router has connected to a wireless network using WPS or when Enable WPS is selected and wireless or wireless security settings have been changed. The current wireless and wireless security settings also appear in the screen. This displays Unconfigured if WPS is disabled and there are no wireless or wireless security changes on the Router or you click Release_Configuration to remove the configured wireless and wireless security settings. This button is only available when the WPS status displays Configured. Click this button to remove all configured wireless and wireless security settings for WPS connections on the Router. This is the 802.11 mode used. Only compliant WLAN devices can associate with the Router. This is the name of the wireless network. This is the type of wireless security employed by the network. Click Apply to save your changes back to the Router. Click Cancel to reload the previous configuration for this screen. 114 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Chapter 13 Wireless LAN 13.9 WPS Station Screen Use this screen when you want to add a wireless station using WPS. To open this screen, click Network > Wireless LAN > WPS Station tab. Note: Note: After you click Push Button on this screen, you have to press a similar button in the wireless station utility within 2 minutes. To add the second wireless station, you have to press these buttons on both device and the wireless station again after the first 2 minutes. Figure 82 Network > Wireless LAN > WPS Station The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 49 Network > Wireless LAN > WPS Station LABEL Push Button DESCRIPTION Use this button when you use the PBC (Push Button Configuration) method to configure wireless stationss wireless settings. See Section 12.3.1 on page 90. Or input stations PIN number Click this to start WPS-aware wireless station scanning and the wireless security information synchronization. Use this button when you use the PIN Configuration method to configure wireless stations wireless settings. See Section 12.3.2 on page 91. Type the same PIN number generated in the wireless stations utility. Then click Start to associate to each other and perform the wireless security information synchronization. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 115 Chapter 13 Wireless LAN 13.10 Scheduling Screen Use this screen to set the times your wireless LAN is turned on and off. Wireless LAN scheduling is disabled by default. The wireless LAN can be scheduled to turn on or off on certain days and at certain times. To open this screen, click Network > Wireless LAN > Scheduling tab. Figure 83 Network > Wireless LAN > Scheduling The following table describes the labels in this screen. DESCRIPTION Table 50 Network > Wireless LAN > Scheduling LABEL Wireless LAN Scheduling Enable Wireless LAN Scheduling Scheduling WLAN Status Select this to enable Wireless LAN scheduling. Select On or Off to specify whether the Wireless LAN is turned on or off. This field works in conjunction with the Day and Except for the following times fields. Select Everyday or the specific days to turn the Wireless LAN on or off. If you select Everyday you can not select any specific days. This field works in conjunction with the Except for the following times field. Select a begin time using the first set of hour and minute (min) drop down boxes and select an end time using the second set of hour and minute (min) drop down boxes. If you have chosen On earlier for the WLAN Status the Wireless LAN will turn on between the two times you enter in these fields. If you have chosen Off earlier for the WLAN Status the Wireless LAN will turn off between the two times you enter in these fields. Click Apply to save your changes back to the Router. Click Cancel to reload the previous configuration for this screen. Day For the following times

(24-Hour Format) Apply Cancel 116 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Chapter 13 Wireless LAN 13.11 WDS Screen A Wireless Distribution System is a wireless connection between two or more APs. Use this screen to set the operating mode of your Router to AP + Bridge or Bridge Only and establish wireless links with other APs. You need to know the MAC address of the peer device, which also must be in bridge mode. Note: You must enable the same wireless security settings on the Router and on all wireless clients that you want to associate with it. Click Network > Wireless LAN > WDS tab. The following screen opens with the Basic Setting set to Disabled, and Security Mode set to No Security. Figure 84 Network > Wireless LAN > WDS The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 51 Network > Wireless LAN > WDS LABEL WDS Setup Basic Settings DESCRIPTION Select the operating mode for your Router. AP + Bridge - The Router functions as a bridge and access point simultaneously. Bridge - The Router acts as a wireless network bridge and establishes wireless links with other APs. You need to know the MAC address of the peer device, which also must be in bridge mode. The Router can establish up to five wireless links with other APs. Local MAC Address Phy Mode Remote MAC Address Security This is the MAC address of your Router. Select the Phy mode you want the Router to use. This dictates the maximum size of packets during data transmission. This is the MAC address of the peer device that your Router wants to make a bridge connection with. You can connect to up to 4 peer devices. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 117 Chapter 13 Wireless LAN Table 51 Network > Wireless LAN > WDS (continued) LABEL EncrypType DESCRIPTION Select whether to use WEP, TKIP or AES encryption for your WDS connection in this field. EncrypKey Apply Cancel Otherwise, select No Security. The Encryp key is used to encrypt data. Peers must use the same key for data transmission. Click Apply to save your changes to Router. Click Cancel to reload the previous configuration for this screen. 118 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide CHAPTER 14 WAN 14.1 Overview This chapter discusses the Routers WAN screens. Use these screens to configure your Router for Internet access. A WAN (Wide Area Network) connection is an outside connection to another network or the Internet. It connects your private networks such as a LAN (Local Area Network) and other networks, so that a computer in one location can communicate with computers in other locations. Figure 85 LAN and WAN Router 14.2 What You Can Do Use the Internet Connection screen (Section 14.4 on page 121) to enter your ISP information and set how the computer acquires its IP, DNS and WAN MAC addresses. Use the Advanced screen (Section 14.5 on page 130) to enable multicasting, configure Windows networking and bridge. Use IGMP Blocking screen (Section 14.6 on page 131) to enable IGMP blocking in the LAN ports. 14.3 What You Need To Know The information in this section can help you configure the screens for your WAN connection, as well as enable/disable some advanced features of your Router. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 119 Chapter 14 WAN 14.3.1 Configuring Your Internet Connection Encapsulation Method Encapsulation is used to include data from an upper layer protocol into a lower layer protocol. To set up a WAN connection to the Internet, you need to use the same encapsulation method used by your ISP (Internet Service Provider). If your ISP offers a dial-up Internet connection using PPPoE (PPP over Ethernet) or PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol), they should also provide a username and password (and service name) for user authentication. WAN IP Address The WAN IP address is an IP address for the Router, which makes it accessible from an outside network. It is used by the Router to communicate with other devices in other networks. It can be static (fixed) or dynamically assigned by the ISP each time the Router tries to access the Internet. If your ISP assigns you a static WAN IP address, they should also assign you the subnet mask and DNS server IP address(es) (and a gateway IP address if you use the Ethernet or ENET ENCAP encapsulation method). DNS Server Address Assignment Use Domain Name System (DNS) to map a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice versa, for instance, the IP address of www.zyxel.com is 204.217.0.2. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must know the IP address of a computer before you can access it. The Router can get the DNS server addresses in the following ways. 1 2 The ISP tells you the DNS server addresses, usually in the form of an information sheet, when you sign up. If your ISP gives you DNS server addresses, manually enter them in the DNS server fields. If your ISP dynamically assigns the DNS server IP addresses (along with the Routers WAN IP address), set the DNS server fields to get the DNS server address from the ISP. WAN MAC Address The MAC address screen allows users to configure the WAN port's MAC address by either using the factory default or cloning the MAC address from a computer on your LAN. Choose Factory Default to select the factory assigned default MAC Address. Otherwise, click Clone the computer's MAC address - IP Address and enter the IP address of the computer on the LAN whose MAC you are cloning. Once it is successfully configured, the address will be copied to configuration file. It is recommended that you clone the MAC address prior to hooking up the WAN Port. 120 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 14.3.2 Multicast Traditionally, IP packets are transmitted in one of either two ways - Unicast (1 sender - 1 recipient) or Broadcast (1 sender - everybody on the network). Multicast delivers IP packets to a group of hosts on the network - not everybody and not just 1. Figure 86 Multicast Example Chapter 14 WAN Router In the multicast example above, systems A and D comprise one multicast group. In multicasting, the server only needs to send one data stream and this is delivered to systems A and D. IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership in a multicast group - it is not used to carry user data. The Router supports both IGMP version 1

(IGMP-v1) and IGMP version 2 (IGMP-v2). At start up, the Router queries all directly connected networks to gather group membership. After that, the Router periodically updates this information. IP multicasting can be enabled/disabled on the Router LAN and/or WAN interfaces in the Web Configurator (LAN; WAN). Select None to disable IP multicasting on these interfaces. 14.4 Internet Connection Use this screen to change your Routers Internet access settings. Click WAN from the Configuration menu. The screen differs according to the encapsulation you choose. 14.4.1 Ethernet Encapsulation NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 121 Chapter 14 WAN This screen displays when you select Ethernet encapsulation. Figure 87 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: Ethernet Encapsulation The following table describes the labels in this screen. You must choose the Ethernet option when the WAN port is used as a regular Ethernet. DESCRIPTION Table 52 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: Ethernet Encapsulation LABEL ISP Parameters for Internet Access Encapsulation WAN IP Address Assignment Get automatically from ISP

(Default) Use Fixed IP Address Select this option If the ISP assigned a fixed IP address. Select this option If your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address. This is the default selection. IP Address IP Subnet Mask Gateway IP Address Enter your WAN IP address in this field if you selected Use Fixed IP Address. Enter the IP Subnet Mask in this field. Enter a Gateway IP Address (if your ISP gave you one) in this field. WAN DNS Assignment 122 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Chapter 14 WAN Table 52 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: Ethernet Encapsulation (continued) LABEL First DNS Server DESCRIPTION Select From ISP if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server information (and the Router's WAN IP address). The field to the right displays the (read-only) DNS server IP address that the ISP assigns. Second DNS Server WAN MAC Address Factory default Clone the computers MAC address -

IP Address Set WAN MAC Address Apply Reset Select User-Defined if you have the IP address of a DNS server. Enter the DNS server's IP address in the field to the right. If you chose User-Defined, but leave the IP address set to 0.0.0.0, User-Defined changes to None after you click Apply. If you set a second choice to User-Defined, and enter the same IP address, the second User-Defined changes to None after you click Apply. Select None if you do not want to configure DNS servers. If you do not configure a DNS server, you must know the IP address of a computer in order to access it. The MAC address section allows users to configure the WAN port's MAC address by either using the Routers MAC address, copying the MAC address from a computer on your LAN or manually entering a MAC address. Select Factory default to use the factory assigned default MAC Address. Select Clone the computer's MAC address - IP Address and enter the IP address of the computer on the LAN whose MAC you are cloning. Select this option and enter the MAC address you want to use. Click Apply to save your changes back to the Router. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. 14.4.2 PPPoE Encapsulation The Router supports PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet). PPPoE is an IETF standard (RFC 2516) specifying how a personal computer (PC) interacts with a broadband modem (DSL, cable, wireless, etc.) connection. The PPP over Ethernet option is for a dial-up connection using PPPoE. For the service provider, PPPoE offers an access and authentication method that works with existing access control systems (for example Radius). One of the benefits of PPPoE is the ability to let you access one of multiple network services, a function known as dynamic service selection. This enables the service provider to easily create and offer new IP services for individuals. Operationally, PPPoE saves significant effort for both you and the ISP or carrier, as it requires no specific configuration of the broadband modem at the customer site. By implementing PPPoE directly on the Router (rather than individual computers), the computers on the LAN do not need PPPoE software installed, since the Router does that part of the task. Furthermore, with NAT, all of the LANs computers will have access. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 123 Chapter 14 WAN This screen displays when you select PPPoE encapsulation. Figure 88 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPPoE Encapsulation The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 53 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPPoE Encapsulation LABEL DESCRIPTION ISP Parameters for Internet Access Encapsulation User Name Password Retype to Confirm MTU Size Select PPP over Ethernet if you connect to your Internet via dial-up. Type the user name given to you by your ISP. Type the password associated with the user name above. Type your password again to make sure that you have entered is correctly. Nailed-Up Connection Idle Timeout

(sec) WAN IP Address Assignment Get automatically from ISP Enter the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) or the largest packet size per frame that your Router can receive and process. Select Nailed-Up Connection if you do not want the connection to time out. This value specifies the time in minutes that elapses before the router automatically disconnects from the PPPoE server. Select this option If your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address. This is the default selection. 124 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Chapter 14 WAN Table 53 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPPoE Encapsulation (continued) LABEL Use Fixed IP Address DESCRIPTION Select this option If the ISP assigned a fixed IP address. My WAN IP Address Enter your WAN IP address in this field if you selected Use Fixed IP Address. WAN DNS Assignment First DNS Server Second DNS Server WAN MAC Address Factory default Clone the computers MAC address - IP Address Set WAN MAC Address Apply Reset Select From ISP if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server information (and the Router's WAN IP address). The field to the right displays the (read-only) DNS server IP address that the ISP assigns. Select User-Defined if you have the IP address of a DNS server. Enter the DNS server's IP address in the field to the right. If you chose User-Defined, but leave the IP address set to 0.0.0.0, User-Defined changes to None after you click Apply. If you set a second choice to User-Defined, and enter the same IP address, the second User-Defined changes to None after you click Apply. Select None if you do not want to configure DNS servers. If you do not configure a DNS server, you must know the IP address of a computer in order to access it. The MAC address section allows users to configure the WAN port's MAC address by using the Routers MAC address, copying the MAC address from a computer on your LAN or manually entering a MAC address. Select Factory default to use the factory assigned default MAC Address. Select Clone the computer's MAC address - IP Address and enter the IP address of the computer on the LAN whose MAC you are cloning. Select this option and enter the MAC address you want to use. Click Apply to save your changes back to the Router. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. 14.4.3 PPTP Encapsulation Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) is a network protocol that enables secure transfer of data from a remote client to a private server, creating a Virtual Private Network (VPN) using TCP/IP-

based networks. PPTP supports on-demand, multi-protocol and virtual private networking over public networks, such as the Internet. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 125 Chapter 14 WAN This screen displays when you select PPTP encapsulation. Figure 89 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPTP Encapsulation The following table describes the labels in this screen. DESCRIPTION Table 54 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPTP Encapsulation LABEL ISP Parameters for Internet Access Connection Type User Name Password Retype to Confirm To configure a PPTP client, you must configure the User Name and Password fields for a PPP connection and the PPTP parameters for a PPTP connection. Type the user name given to you by your ISP. Type the password associated with the User Name above. Type your password again to make sure that you have entered is correctly. 126 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Chapter 14 WAN Table 54 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPTP Encapsulation (continued) LABEL Nailed-up Connection Idle Timeout DESCRIPTION Select Nailed-Up Connection if you do not want the connection to time out. This value specifies the time in minutes that elapses before the Router automatically disconnects from the PPTP server. PPTP Configuration Server IP Address Get automatically from ISP Use Fixed IP Address Type the IP address of the PPTP server. Select this option If your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address. This is the default selection. Select this option If the ISP assigned a fixed IP address. IP Address IP Subnet Mask Gateway IP Address Enter your WAN IP address in this field if you selected Use Fixed IP Address. Your Router will automatically calculate the subnet mask based on the IP address that you assign. Unless you are implementing subnetting, use the subnet mask computed by the Router. Enter a Gateway IP Address (if your ISP gave you one) in this field. Select this to get your WAN IP address from your ISP. Select this option If the ISP assigned a fixed IP address. WAN IP Address Assignment Get automatically from ISP Use Fixed IP Address WAN DNS Assignment First DNS Server My WAN IP Address Enter your WAN IP address in this field if you selected Use Fixed IP Address. Select From ISP if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server information (and the Router's WAN IP address). The field to the right displays the (read-only) DNS server IP address that the ISP assigns. Select User-Defined if you have the IP address of a DNS server. Enter the DNS server's IP address in the field to the right. If you chose User-Defined, but leave the IP address set to 0.0.0.0, User-Defined changes to None after you click Apply. If you set a second choice to User-Defined, and enter the same IP address, the second User-Defined changes to None after you click Apply. Select None if you do not want to configure DNS servers. If you do not configure a DNS server, you must know the IP address of a computer in order to access it. The MAC address section allows users to configure the WAN port's MAC address by either using the Routers MAC address, copying the MAC address from a computer on your LAN or manually entering a MAC address. Select Factory default to use the factory assigned default MAC Address. Select Clone the computer's MAC address - IP Address and enter the IP address of the computer on the LAN whose MAC you are cloning. Select this option and enter the MAC address you want to use. Click Apply to save your changes back to the Router. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. Second DNS Server WAN MAC Address Factory default Clone the computers MAC address -

IP Address Set WAN MAC Address Apply Reset NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 127 Chapter 14 WAN 14.4.4 L2TP Encapsulation The Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) works at layer 2 (the data link layer) to tunnel network traffic between two peer devices over another network (like the Internet). This screen displays when you select L2TP encapsulation. Figure 90 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: L2TP Encapsulation The following table describes the labels in this screen. DESCRIPTION Table 55 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: L2TP Encapsulation LABEL ISP Parameters for Internet Access Connection Type User Name Password Retype to Confirm To configure a L2TP client, you must configure the User Name and Password fields for a layer-2 connection and the L2TP parameters for an L2TP connection. Type the user name given to you by your ISP. Type the password associated with the User Name above. Type your password again to make sure that you have entered is correctly. 128 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Chapter 14 WAN DESCRIPTION Table 55 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: L2TP Encapsulation (continued) LABEL L2TP Configuration Server IP Address Get automatically from ISP Use Fixed IP Address Select this option If the ISP assigned a fixed IP address. Type the IP address of the L2TP server. Select this option If your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address. This is the default selection. IP Address IP Subnet Mask Gateway IP Address Enter your WAN IP address in this field if you selected Use Fixed IP Address. Your Router will automatically calculate the subnet mask based on the IP address that you assign. Unless you are implementing subnetting, use the subnet mask computed by the Router. Enter a Gateway IP Address (if your ISP gave you one) in this field. Select this to get your WAN IP address from your ISP. Select this option If the ISP assigned a fixed IP address. WAN IP Address Assignment Get automatically from ISP Use Fixed IP Address WAN DNS Assignment First DNS Server My WAN IP Address Enter your WAN IP address in this field if you selected Use Fixed IP Address. Select From ISP if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server information (and the Router's WAN IP address). The field to the right displays the (read-only) DNS server IP address that the ISP assigns. Select User-Defined if you have the IP address of a DNS server. Enter the DNS server's IP address in the field to the right. If you chose User-Defined, but leave the IP address set to 0.0.0.0, User-Defined changes to None after you click Apply. If you set a second choice to User-Defined, and enter the same IP address, the second User-Defined changes to None after you click Apply. Select None if you do not want to configure DNS servers. If you do not configure a DNS server, you must know the IP address of a computer in order to access it. The MAC address section allows users to configure the WAN port's MAC address by either using the Routers MAC address, copying the MAC address from a computer on your LAN or manually entering a MAC address. Select Factory default to use the factory assigned default MAC Address. Select Clone the computer's MAC address - IP Address and enter the IP address of the computer on the LAN whose MAC you are cloning. Select this option and enter the MAC address you want to use. Click Apply to save your changes back to the Router. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. Second DNS Server WAN MAC Address Factory default Clone the computers MAC address -

IP Address Set WAN MAC Address Apply Reset NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 129 Chapter 14 WAN 14.5 Advanced WAN Screen Use this screen to enable Multicast and enable Auto-bridge. Note: The categories shown in this screen are independent of each other. To change your Routers advanced WAN settings, click Network > WAN > Advanced. The screen appears as shown. Figure 91 Network > WAN > Advanced The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 56 Network > WAN > Advanced LABEL Multicast Setup Multicast DESCRIPTION Select IGMPv1/v2 to enable multicasting. This applies to traffic routed from the WAN to the LAN. Select None to disable this feature. This may cause incoming traffic to be dropped or sent to all connected network devices. Auto-Subnet Setup None Enable Auto-

bridge mode Enable Auto-IP-

Change mode Select this option to have the Router do nothing when it gets a WAN IP address in the range of 192.168.x.y (where x and y are from zero to nine) or in the same subnet as the LAN IP address. Select this option to have the Router switch to bridge mode automatically when the Router gets a WAN IP address in the range of 192.168.x.y (where x and y are from zero to nine) no matter what the LAN IP address is. Select this option to have the Router change its LAN IP address to 10.0.0.1 or 192.168.1.1 accordingly when the Router gets a dynamic WAN IP address in the same subnet as the LAN IP address 192.168.1.1 or 10.0.0.1. Apply Reset The NAT, DHCP server and firewall functions on the Router are still available in thismode. Click Apply to save your changes back to the Router. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. 130 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Chapter 14 WAN 14.6 IGMP Blocking Screen Use this screen to enable IGMP blocking (snooping) if you have LAN users that subscribe to multicast services. IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership in a multicast group - it is not used to carry user data. Click Network > WAN > IGMP Blocking. The screen appears as shown. Figure 92 Network > WAN > IGMP Blocking The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 57 Network > WAN > IGMP Blocking LABEL IGMP Block Setup Enable IGMP Block DESCRIPTION Select this option to have the Router use IGMP blocking (snooping). Apply Reset Check the LAN port/s to which IGMP snooping applies. Click Apply to save your changes back to the Router. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 131 Chapter 14 WAN 132 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide CHAPTER 15 LAN 15.1 Overview This chapter describes how to configure LAN settings. A Local Area Network (LAN) is a shared communication system to which many computers are attached. A LAN is a computer network limited to the immediate area, usually the same building or floor of a building. The LAN screens can help you configure a LAN DHCP server, manage IP addresses, and partition your physical network into logical networks. Figure 93 LAN Example The LAN screens can help you manage IP addresses. 15.2 What You Can Do Use the IP screen (Section 15.4 on page 135) to change the IP address for your Router. Use the IP Alias screen (Section 15.5 on page 135) to have the Router apply IP alias to create LAN subnets. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 133 Chapter 15 LAN 15.3 What You Need To Know The actual physical connection determines whether the Router ports are LAN or WAN ports. There are two separate IP networks, one inside the LAN network and the other outside the WAN network as shown next. Figure 94 LAN and WAN IP Addresses The LAN parameters of the Router are preset in the factory with the following values:

IP address of 192.168.1.1 with subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 (24 bits) DHCP server enabled with 32 client IP addresses starting from 192.168.1.33. These parameters should work for the majority of installations. If your ISP gives you explicit DNS server address(es), read the embedded Web Configurator help regarding what fields need to be configured. 15.3.1 IP Pool Setup The Router is pre-configured with a pool of 32 IP addresses starting from 192.168.1.33 to 192.168.1.64. This configuration leaves 31 IP addresses (excluding the Router itself) in the lower range (192.168.1.2 to 192.168.1.32) for other server computers, for instance, servers for mail, FTP, TFTP, web, etc., that you may have. 15.3.2 LAN TCP/IP The Router has built-in DHCP server capability that assigns IP addresses and DNS servers to systems that support DHCP client capability. 15.3.3 IP Alias IP alias allows you to partition a physical network into different logical networks over the same Ethernet interface. The Router supports three logical LAN interfaces via its single physical Ethernet interface with the Router itself as the gateway for each LAN network. 134 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 15.4 LAN IP Screen Use this screen to change the IP address for your Router. Click Network > LAN > IP. Figure 95 Network > LAN > IP Chapter 15 LAN The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 58 Network > LAN > IP DESCRIPTION LABEL IP Address Type the IP address of your Router in dotted decimal notation. IP Subnet Mask The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your Router will automatically calculate the subnet mask based on the IP address that you assign. Unless you are implementing subnetting, use the subnet mask computed by the Router. Click Apply to save your changes back to the Router. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. Apply Reset 15.5 IP Alias Screen Use this screen to have the Router apply IP alias to create LAN subnets. Click LAN > IP Alias. Figure 96 Network > LAN > IP Alias The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 59 Network > LAN > IP Alias LABEL IP Alias IP Address DESCRIPTION Check this to enable IP alias. Type the IP alias address of your Router in dotted decimal notation. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 135 Chapter 15 LAN DESCRIPTION Table 59 Network > LAN > IP Alias (continued) LABEL IP Subnet Mask The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your Router will automatically calculate the subnet mask based on the IP address that you assign. Unless you are implementing subnetting, use the subnet mask computed by the Router. Click Apply to save your changes back to the Router. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. Apply Reset 136 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide CHAPTER 16 DHCP Server 16.1 Overview DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual clients to obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can configure the Routers LAN as a DHCP server or disable it. When configured as a server, the Router provides the TCP/IP configuration for the clients. If DHCP service is disabled, you must have another DHCP server on your LAN, or else the computer must be manually configured. 16.2 What You Can Do Use the General (Section 16.3 on page 137) screen to enable the DHCP server. Use the Advanced (Section 16.4 on page 138) screen to assign IP addresses on the LAN to specific individual computers based on their MAC Addresses. 16.3 General Screen Use this screen to enable the DHCP server. Click Network > DHCP Server. The following screen displays. Figure 97 Network > DHCP Server > General The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 60 Network > DHCP Server > General LABEL Enable DHCP Server IP Pool Starting Address DESCRIPTION Enable or Disable DHCP for LAN. This field specifies the first of the contiguous addresses in the IP address pool for LAN. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 137 Chapter 16 DHCP Server Table 60 Network > DHCP Server > General (continued) LABEL Pool Size Apply Reset DESCRIPTION This field specifies the size, or count of the IP address pool for LAN. Click Apply to save your changes back to the Router. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. 16.4 Advanced Screen This screen allows you to assign IP addresses on the LAN to specific individual computers based on their MAC addresses. You can also use this screen to configure the DNS server information that the Router sends to the DHCP clients. To change your Routers static DHCP settings, click Network > DHCP Server > Advanced. The following screen displays. Figure 98 Network > DHCP Server > Advanced The following table describes the labels in this screen. DESCRIPTION Table 61 Network > DHCP Server > Advanced LABEL LAN Static DHCP Table

MAC Address This is the index number of the static IP table entry (row). Type the MAC address (with colons) of a computer on your LAN. 138 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Chapter 16 DHCP Server DESCRIPTION Type the LAN IP address of a computer on your LAN. Table 61 Network > DHCP Server > Advanced (continued) LABEL IP Address DNS Server DNS Servers Assigned by DHCP Server The Router passes a DNS (Domain Name System) server IP address (in the order you specify here) to the DHCP clients. The Router only passes this information to the LAN DHCP clients when you select the Enable DHCP Server check box. When you clear the Enable DHCP Server check box, DHCP service is disabled and you must have another DHCP sever on your LAN, or else the computers must have their DNS server addresses manually configured. Select From ISP if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server information (and the Router's WAN IP address). The field to the right displays the (read-only) DNS server IP address that the ISP assigns. Select User-Defined if you have the IP address of a DNS server. Enter the DNS server's IP address in the field to the right. If you chose User-Defined, but leave the IP address set to 0.0.0.0, User-Defined changes to None after you click Apply. If you set a second choice to User-Defined, and enter the same IP address, the second User-Defined changes to None after you click Apply. Select DNS Relay to have the Router act as a DNS proxy. The Router's LAN IP address displays in the field to the right (read-only). The Router tells the DHCP clients on the LAN that the Router itself is the DNS server. When a computer on the LAN sends a DNS query to the Router, the Router forwards the query to the Router's system DNS server (configured in the WAN > Internet Connection screen) and relays the response back to the computer. You can only select DNS Relay for one of the three servers; if you select DNS Relay for a second or third DNS server, that choice changes to None after you click Apply. Select None if you do not want to configure DNS servers. If you do not configure a DNS server, you must know the IP address of a computer in order to access it. Click Apply to save your changes back to the Router. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. First DNS Server Second DNS Server Apply Reset NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 139 Chapter 16 DHCP Server 140 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide

CHAPTER 17 Network Address Translation (NAT) 17.1 Overview NAT (Network Address Translation - NAT, RFC 1631) is the translation of the IP address of a host in a packet. For example, the source address of an outgoing packet, used within one network is changed to a different IP address known within another network. Each packet has two addresses a source address and a destination address. For outgoing packets, NAT maps private (local) IP addresses to globally unique ones required for communication with hosts on other networks. It replaces the original IP source address in each packet and then forwards it to the Internet. The Router keeps track of the original addresses and port numbers so incoming reply packets can have their original values restored. The following figure illustrates this. Figure 99 NAT Example For more information on IP address translation, refer to RFC 1631, The IP Network Address Translator (NAT). 17.2 What You Can Do Use the General screen (Section 17.3 on page 142) to enable NAT and set a default server. Use the Application screen (Section 17.4 on page 142) o forward incoming service requests to the server(s) on your local network. Use the Advanced screen (Section 17.5 on page 144) to change your Routers trigger port settings. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 141 Chapter 17 Network Address Translation (NAT) 17.3 General NAT Screen Use this screen to enable NAT and set a default server. Click Network > NAT > General to open the following screen. Figure 100 Network > NAT > General The following table describes the labels in this screen. DESCRIPTION Table 62 Network > NAT > General LABEL NAT Setup Enable Network Address Translation Network Address Translation (NAT) allows the translation of an Internet protocol address used within one network (for example a private IP address used in a local network) to a different IP address known within another network (for example a public IP address used on the Internet). Select the check box to enable NAT. Default Server Setup Server IP Address In addition to the servers for specified services, NAT supports a default server. A default server receives packets from ports that are not specified in the Application screen. If you do not assign a Default Server IP address, the Router discards all packets received for ports that are not specified in the Application screen or remote management. Click Apply to save your changes back to the Router. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. Apply Reset 17.4 NAT Application Screen Use the Application screen to forward incoming service requests to the server(s) on your local network. You may enter a single port number or a range of port numbers to be forwarded, and the local IP address of the desired server. The port number identifies a service; for example, web service is on port 80 and FTP on port 21. In some cases, such as for unknown services or where one server can support more than one service (for example both FTP and web service), it might be better to specify a range of port numbers. In addition to the servers for specified services, NAT supports a default server. A service request that does not have a server explicitly designated for it is forwarded to the default server. If the default is not defined, the service request is simply discarded. 142 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Chapter 17 Network Address Translation (NAT) Note: Many residential broadband ISP accounts do not allow you to run any server processes (such as a Web or FTP server) from your location. Your ISP may periodically check for servers and may suspend your account if it discovers any active services at your location. If you are unsure, refer to your ISP. Port forwarding allows you to define the local servers to which the incoming services will be forwarded. To change your Routers port forwarding settings, click Network > NAT > Application. The screen appears as shown. Note: If you do not assign a Default Server IP address in the NAT > General screen, the Router discards all packets received for ports that are not specified in this screen or remote management. Refer to Appendix E on page 263 for port numbers commonly used for particular services. Figure 101 Network > NAT > Application The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 63 Network > NAT > Application LABEL Add Application Rule Active DESCRIPTION Select the check box to enable this rule and the requested service can be forwarded to the host with a specified internal IP address. Clear the checkbox to disallow forwarding of these ports to an inside server without having to delete the entry. Type a name (of up to 31 printable characters) to identify this rule in the first field next to Service Name. Otherwise, select a predefined service in the second field next to Service Name. The predefined service name and port number(s) will display in the Service Name and Port fields. Type a port number(s) to define the service to be forwarded to the specified server. To specify a range of ports, enter a hyphen (-) between the first port and the last port, such as 10-20. To specify two or more non-consecutive port numbers, separate them by a comma without spaces, such as 123,567. Type the IP address of the server on your LAN that receives packets from the port(s) specified in the Port field. Service Name Port Server IP Address NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 143 Chapter 17 Network Address Translation (NAT) DESCRIPTION Table 63 Network > NAT > Application (continued) LABEL Application Rules Summary

Active Name Port Server IP Address Modify This is the number of an individual port forwarding server entry. This icon is turned on when the rule is enabled. This field displays a name to identify this rule. This field displays the port number(s). This field displays the inside IP address of the server. Click the Edit icon to display and modify an existing rule setting in the fields under Add Application Rule. Apply Reset Click the Remove icon to delete a rule. Click Apply to save your changes back to the Router. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. 17.5 NAT Advanced Screen Some services use a dedicated range of ports on the client side and a dedicated range of ports on the server side. With regular port forwarding you set a forwarding port in NAT to forward a service

(coming in from the server on the WAN) to the IP address of a computer on the client side (LAN). The problem is that port forwarding only forwards a service to a single LAN IP address. In order to use the same service on a different LAN computer, you have to manually replace the LAN computer's IP address in the forwarding port with another LAN computer's IP address. Trigger port forwarding solves this problem by allowing computers on the LAN to dynamically take turns using the service. The Router records the IP address of a LAN computer that sends traffic to the WAN to request a service with a specific port number and protocol (a "trigger" port). When the Router's WAN port receives a response with a specific port number and protocol ("incoming" port), the Router forwards the traffic to the LAN IP address of the computer that sent the request. After that computers connection for that service closes, another computer on the LAN can use the service in the same manner. This way you do not need to configure a new IP address each time you want a different LAN computer to use the application. To change your Routers trigger port settings, click Network > NAT > Advanced. The screen appears as shown. 144 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Chapter 17 Network Address Translation (NAT) Note: Only one LAN computer can use a trigger port (range) at a time. Figure 102 Network > NAT > Advanced The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 64 Network > NAT > Advanced LABEL

Name DESCRIPTION This is the rule index number (read-only). Type a unique name (up to 15 characters) for identification purposes. All characters are permitted - including spaces. Incoming is a port (or a range of ports) that a server on the WAN uses when it sends out a particular service. The Router forwards the traffic with this port (or range of ports) to the client computer on the LAN that requested the service. Type a port number or the starting port number in a range of port numbers. Type a port number or the ending port number in a range of port numbers. The trigger port is a port (or a range of ports) that causes (or triggers) the Router to record the IP address of the LAN computer that sent the traffic to a server on the WAN. Type a port number or the starting port number in a range of port numbers. Type a port number or the ending port number in a range of port numbers. Click Apply to save your changes back to the Router. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. Incoming Start Port End Port Trigger Start Port End Port Apply Reset NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 145 Chapter 17 Network Address Translation (NAT) 17.5.1 Trigger Port Forwarding Example The following is an example of trigger port forwarding. Figure 103 Trigger Port Forwarding Process: Example Router Router 1 2 3 4 Jane requests a file from the Real Audio server (port 7070). Port 7070 is a trigger port and causes the Router to record Janes computer IP address. The Router associates Jane's computer IP address with the "incoming" port range of 6970-7170. The Real Audio server responds using a port number ranging between 6970-7170. The Router forwards the traffic to Janes computer IP address. 5 Only Jane can connect to the Real Audio server until the connection is closed or times out. The Router times out in three minutes with UDP (User Datagram Protocol), or two hours with TCP/IP

(Transfer Control Protocol/Internet Protocol). 17.5.2 Two Points To Remember About Trigger Ports 1 Trigger events only happen on data that is going coming from inside the Router and going to the outside. If an application needs a continuous data stream, that port (range) will be tied up so that another computer on the LAN cant trigger it. 146 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide CHAPTER 18 Dynamic DNS 18.1 Overview Dynamic DNS (DDNS) services let you use a domain name with a dynamic IP address. 18.2 What You Can Do Use the Dynamic DNS screen (Section 18.4 on page 147) to enable DDNS and configure the DDNS settings on the Router. 18.3 What You Need To Know Dynamic DNS allows you to update your current dynamic IP address with one or many dynamic DNS services so that anyone can contact you (in NetMeeting, CU-SeeMe, etc.). You can also access your FTP server or Web site on your own computer using a domain name (for instance myhost.dhs.org, where myhost is a name of your choice) that will never change instead of using an IP address that changes each time you reconnect. Your friends or relatives will always be able to call you even if they don't know your IP address. 18.4 Dynamic DNS Screen To change your Routers DDNS, click Network > DDNS. The screen appears as shown. Figure 104 Network > DDNS NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 147 Chapter 18 Dynamic DNS The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 65 Network > DDNS LABEL Enable Dynamic DNS Service Provider Host Name DESCRIPTION Select this check box to use dynamic DNS. Select the name of your Dynamic DNS service provider. Enter a host names in the field provided. You can specify up to two host names in the field separated by a comma (","). Enter your user name. Enter the password assigned to you. Click Apply to save your changes back to the Router. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. User Name Password Apply Reset 148 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide CHAPTER 19 Static Route 19.1 Overview This chapter shows you how to configure static routes for your Router. Each remote node specifies only the network to which the gateway is directly connected, and the Router has no knowledge of the networks beyond. For instance, the Router knows about network N2 in the following figure through remote node Router 1. However, the Router is unable to route a packet to network N3 because it doesn't know that there is a route through the same remote node Router 1 (via gateway Router 2). The static routes are for you to tell the Router about the networks beyond the remote nodes. Figure 105 Example of Static Routing Topology 19.2 What You Can Do Use the IP Static Route screen (Section 19.3 on page 150) to view, add and delete routes. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 149 Chapter 19 Static Route 19.3 IP Static Route Screen Click Network > Static Route to open the IP Static Route screen. Figure 106 Network > Static Route The following table describes the labels in this screen. Enter a the name that describes or identifies this route. Enter the IP network address of the final destination. This is the subnet to which the routes final destination belongs. Enter the the IP address of the gateway. Assign a number to identify the route. Click this to add the IP static route. DESCRIPTION Table 66 Network > Static Route LABEL Static Routing Settings Route Name Destination IP Address IP Subnet Netmask Gateway IP Address Metric Add Rule Application Rules Summary No. Active Name Destination This is the number of an individual static route. The rules are always on and this is indicated by the icon. This is the name that describes or identifies this route. This parameter specifies the IP network address of the final destination. Routing is always based on network number. This is the IP address of the gateway. The gateway is a router or switch on the same network segment as the device's LAN or WAN port. The gateway helps forward packets to their destinations. Gateway 150 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Chapter 19 Static Route Table 66 Network > Static Route LABEL Metric Delete DESCRIPTION This is the number assigned to the route. Click the Delete icon to remove a static route from the Router. A window displays asking you to confirm that you want to delete the route. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 151 Chapter 19 Static Route 152 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide CHAPTER 20 RIP 20.1 Overview Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is an interior or intra-domain routing protocol that uses distance-vector routing algorithms. RIP is used on the Internet and is common in the NetWare environment as a method for exchanging routing information between routers. 20.2 What You Can Do Use the RIP screen (Section 20.3 on page 153) to enable RIPv1 or RIPv2, which are LAN broadcast protocols. 20.3 RIP Screen Use this screen to enable RIPv1 or RIPv2, which are LAN broadcast protocols. Click Network >

RIP. The screen appears as shown. Figure 107 Network > RIP The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 67 Network > RIP LABEL RIP DESCRIPTION Select the RIPv1 or RIPv2 you want the Router to use. Apply Reset Otherwise select None. Click Apply to save your changes back to the Router. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 153 Chapter 20 RIP 154 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide CHAPTER 21 Firewall 21.1 Overview This chapter shows you how to enable and configure the firewall that protects your Router and your LAN from unwanted or malicious traffic. Enable the firewall to protect your LAN computers from attacks by hackers on the Internet and control access between the LAN and WAN. By default the firewall:

allows traffic that originates from your LAN computers to go to all of the networks. blocks traffic that originates on the other networks from going to the LAN. The following figure illustrates the default firewall action. User A can initiate an IM (Instant Messaging) session from the LAN to the WAN (1). Return traffic for this session is also allowed (2). However other traffic initiated from the WAN is blocked (3 and 4). Figure 108 Default Firewall Action 21.2 What You Can Do Use the General (Section 21.4 on page 156) screen to enable or disable the Routers firewall. Use the Services screen (Section 21.5 on page 157) screen enable service blocking, enter/

delete/modify the services you want to block and the date/time you want to block them. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 155 Chapter 21 Firewall 21.3 What You Need To Know The Routers firewall feature physically separates the LAN and the WAN and acts as a secure gateway for all data passing between the networks. It is designed to protect against Denial of Service (DoS) attacks when activated (click the General tab under Firewall and then click the Enable Firewall check box). The Router's purpose is to allow a private Local Area Network (LAN) to be securely connected to the Internet. The Router can be used to prevent theft, destruction and modification of data, as well as log events, which may be important to the security of your network. The Router is installed between the LAN and a broadband modem connecting to the Internet. This allows it to act as a secure gateway for all data passing between the Internet and the LAN. The Router has one Ethernet WAN port and four Ethernet LAN ports, which are used to physically separate the network into two areas.The WAN (Wide Area Network) port attaches to the broadband

(cable or DSL) modem to the Internet. The LAN (Local Area Network) port attaches to a network of computers, which needs security from the outside world. These computers will have access to Internet services such as e-mail, FTP and the World Wide Web. However, "inbound access" is not allowed (by default) unless the remote host is authorized to use a specific service. 21.4 General Firewall Screen Use this screen to enable or disable the Routers firewall, and set up firewall logs. Click Security >

Firewall to open the General screen. Figure 109 Security > Firewall > General The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 68 Security > Firewall > General LABEL Enable Firewall DESCRIPTION Select this check box to activate the firewall. The Router performs access control and protects against Denial of Service (DoS) attacks when the firewall is activated. Click Apply to save the settings. Click Reset to start configuring this screen again. Apply Reset 156 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Chapter 21 Firewall 21.5 Services Screen If an outside user attempts to probe an unsupported port on your Router, an ICMP response packet is automatically returned. This allows the outside user to know the Router exists. Use this screen to prevent the ICMP response packet from being sent. This keeps outsiders from discovering your Router when unsupported ports are probed. You can also use this screen to enable service blocking, enter/delete/modify the services you want to block and the date/time you want to block them. Click Security > Firewall > Services. The screen appears as shown next. Figure 110 Security > Firewall > Services The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 69 Security > Firewall > Services LABEL ICMP DESCRIPTION Internet Control Message Protocol is a message control and error-reporting protocol between a host server and a gateway to the Internet. ICMP uses Internet Protocol (IP) datagrams, but the messages are processed by the TCP/IP software and directly apparent to the application user. The Router will not respond to any incoming Ping requests when Disable is selected. Select LAN to reply to incoming LAN Ping requests. Select WAN to reply to incoming WAN Ping requests. Otherwise select LAN & WAN to reply to all incoming LAN and WAN Ping requests. Click Apply to save the settings. Respond to Ping on Apply NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 157 Chapter 21 Firewall DESCRIPTION Table 69 Security > Firewall > Services (continued) LABEL Enable Firewall Rule Enable Firewall Rule Apply Add Firewall Rule Service Name MAC Address Dest IP Address Enter the IP address of the computer to which traffic for the application or service is Select this check box to activate the firewall rules that you define (see Add Firewall Rule below) Click Apply to save the settings. Enter a name that identifies or describes the firewall rule. Enter the MAC address of the computer for which the firewall rule applies. entering. The Router applies the firewall rule to traffic initiating from this computer. Enter the IP address of the computer that initializes traffic for the application or service. The Router applies the firewall rule to traffic initiating from this computer. Select the protocol (TCP, UDP, ICMP or None) used to transport the packets for which you want to apply the firewall rule. Enter the port number/range of the destination that define the traffic type, for example TCP port 80 defines web traffic. Enter the port number/range of the source that define the traffic type, for example TCP port 80 defines web traffic. Click Add to save the firewall rule. This is your firewall rule number. The ordering of your rules is important as rules are applied in turn. This is a name that identifies or describes the firewall rule. This is the MAC address of the computer for which the firewall rule applies. Service Name MAC Address Dest IP Address This is the IP address of the computer to which traffic for the application or service is entering. This is the IP address of the computer from which traffic for the application or service is initialized. This is the protocol (TCP, UDP, ICMP or None) used to transport the packets for which you want to apply the firewall rule. This is the port number/range of the destination that define the traffic type, for example TCP port 80 defines web traffic. This is the port number/range of the source that define the traffic type, for example TCP port 80 defines web traffic. Drop - Traffic matching the conditions of the firewall rule are stopped. Click this to remove the firewall rule. Click Reset to start configuring this screen again. See Appendix E on page 263 for commonly used services and port numbers. 158 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Source IP Address Protocol Dest Port Range Source Port Range Add Rule Firewall Rule

Source IP Address Protocol Dest Port Range Source Port Range Action Delete Reset CHAPTER 22 Content Filter 22.1 Overview This chapter provides a brief overview of content filtering using the embedded web GUI. Internet content filtering allows you to create and enforce Internet access policies tailored to your needs. Content filtering is the ability to block certain web features or specific URL keywords. 22.2 What You Can Do Use the Content Filter (Section 22.4 on page 160) screen to restrict web features, add keywords for blocking and designate a trusted computer. 22.3 What You Need To Know Content filtering allows you to block certain web features, such as cookies, and/or block access to specific web sites. For example, you can configure one policy that blocks John Does access to arts and entertainment web pages. 22.3.1 Content Filtering Profiles A content filtering profile conveniently stores your custom settings for the following features. Restrict Web Features The Router can disable web proxies and block web features such as ActiveX controls, Java applets and cookies. Keyword Blocking URL Checking The Router checks the URLs domain name (or IP address) and file path separately when performing keyword blocking. The URLs domain name or IP address is the characters that come before the first slash in the URL. For example, with the URL www.zyxel.com.tw/news/pressroom.php, the domain name is www.zyxel.com.tw. The file path is the characters that come after the first slash in the URL. For example, with the URL www.zyxel.com.tw/news/pressroom.php, the file path is news/pressroom.php. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 159 Chapter 22 Content Filter Since the Router checks the URLs domain name (or IP address) and file path separately, it will not find items that go across the two. For example, with the URL www.zyxel.com.tw/news/

pressroom.php, the Router would find tw in the domain name (www.zyxel.com.tw). It would also find news in the file path (news/pressroom.php) but it would not find tw/news. 22.4 Content Filter Screen Use this screen to restrict web features, add keywords for blocking and designate a trusted computer. Click Security > Content Filter to open the Content Filter screen. Figure 111 Security > Content Filter > Content Filter The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 70 Security > Content Filter > Content Filter LABEL Trusted IP Setup DESCRIPTION To enable this feature, type an IP address of any one of the computers in your network that you want to have as a trusted computer. This allows the trusted computer to have full access to all features that are configured to be blocked by content filtering. Restrict Web Features ActiveX Java Leave this field blank to have no trusted computers. Select the box(es) to restrict a feature. When you download a page containing a restricted feature, that part of the web page will appear blank or grayed out. A tool for building dynamic and active Web pages and distributed object applications. When you visit an ActiveX Web site, ActiveX controls are downloaded to your browser, where they remain in case you visit the site again. A programming language and development environment for building downloadable Web components or Internet and intranet business applications of all kinds. 160 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Chapter 22 Content Filter Table 70 Security > Content Filter > Content Filter (continued) LABEL Cookies Web Proxy DESCRIPTION Used by Web servers to track usage and provide service based on ID. A server that acts as an intermediary between a user and the Internet to provide security, administrative control, and caching service. When a proxy server is located on the WAN it is possible for LAN users to circumvent content filtering by pointing to this proxy server. The Router can block Web sites with URLs that contain certain keywords in the domain name or IP address. For example, if the keyword "bad" was enabled, all sites containing this keyword in the domain name or IP address will be blocked, e.g., URL http://

www.website.com/bad.html would be blocked. Select this check box to enable this feature. Type a keyword in this field. You may use any character (up to 64 characters). Wildcards are not allowed. You can also enter a numerical IP address. This list displays the keywords already added. Click Add after you have typed a keyword. Repeat this procedure to add other keywords. Up to 64 keywords are allowed. When you try to access a web page containing a keyword, you will get a message telling you that the content filter is blocking this request. Highlight a keyword in the lower box and click Delete to remove it. The keyword disappears from the text box after you click Apply. Click this button to remove all of the listed keywords. Click Apply to save your changes. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh Enable URL Keyword Blocking Keyword Keyword List Add Delete Clear All Apply Reset NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 161 Chapter 22 Content Filter 162 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide CHAPTER 23 Bandwidth Management 23.1 Overview This chapter contains information about configuring bandwidth management and editing rules. ZyXELs Bandwidth Management allows you to specify bandwidth management rules based on an application. In the figure below, uplink traffic goes from the LAN device (A) to the WAN device (B). Bandwidth management is applied before sending the packets out to the WAN. Downlink traffic comes back from the WAN device (B) to the LAN device (A). Bandwidth management is applied before sending the traffic out to LAN. Figure 112 Bandwidth Management Example

-> VOIP

-> FTP

-> HTTP

-> Chat, Email A B You can allocate specific amounts of bandwidth capacity (bandwidth budgets) to individual applications (like VoIP, Web, FTP, and E-mail for example). 23.2 What You Can Do Use the General screen (Section 23.4 on page 164) to enable bandwidth management and assign bandwidth values. Use the Advanced screen (Section 23.5 on page 164) to configure bandwidth managements rule for the pre-defined services and applications. Use the Monitor screen (Section 23.6 on page 168) to view the amount of network bandwidth that applications running in the network are using. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 163 Chapter 23 Bandwidth Management 23.3 What You Need To Know The sum of the bandwidth allotments that apply to the WAN interface (LAN to WAN, WLAN to WAN) must be less than or equal to the Upstream Bandwidth that you configure in the Bandwidth Management Advanced screen (Section 23.5 on page 164). The sum of the bandwidth allotments that apply to the LAN interface (WAN to LAN, WAN to WLAN) must be less than or equal to the Downstream Bandwidth that you configure in the Bandwidth Management Advanced screen Section 23.5 on page 164. 23.4 General Screen Use this screen to have the Router apply bandwidth management. Click Management > Bandwidth Management to open the bandwidth management General screen. Figure 113 Management > Bandwidth Management > General The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 71 Management > Bandwidth Management > General LABEL Enable Bandwidth Management DESCRIPTION This field allows you to have Router apply bandwidth management. Enable bandwidth management to give traffic that matches a bandwidth rule priority over traffic that does not match a bandwidth rule. Enabling bandwidth management also allows you to control the maximum or minimum amounts of bandwidth that can be used by traffic that matches a bandwidth rule. Click Apply to save your customized settings. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. Apply Reset 23.5 Advanced Screen Use this screen to configure bandwidth management rules for the pre-defined services or applications. You can also use this screen to configure bandwidth management rule for other services or applications that are not on the pre-defined list of Router. Additionally, you can define the source and destination IP addresses and port for a service or application. 164 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Chapter 23 Bandwidth Management Note: The two tables shown in this screen can be configured and applied at the same time. Click Management > Bandwidth Management > Advanced to open the bandwidth management Advanced screen. Figure 114 Management > Bandwidth Management > Advanced The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 72 Management > Bandwidth Management > Advanced LABEL Management Bandwidth Upstream Bandwidth DESCRIPTION Select the total amount of bandwidth (from 64 Kilobits to 32 Megabits) that you want to dedicate to uplink traffic. Downstream Bandwidth This is traffic from LAN/WLAN to WAN. Select the total amount of bandwidth (from 64 Kilobits to 32 Megabits) that you want to dedicate to uplink traffic. This is traffic from WAN to LAN/WLAN. Application List Use this table to allocate specific amounts of bandwidth based on a pre-defined service. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 165 Chapter 23 Bandwidth Management Table 72 Management > Bandwidth Management > Advanced (continued) LABEL

Priority DESCRIPTION This is the number of an individual bandwidth management rule. Select a priority from the drop down list box. Choose High, Mid or Low. High - Select this for voice traffic or video that is especially sensitive to jitter (jitter is the variations in delay). Mid - Select this for "excellent effort" or better than best effort and would include important business traffic that can tolerate some delay. Low - Select this for non-critical "background" traffic such as bulk transfers that are allowed but that should not affect other applications and users. Category Service This is the category where a service belongs. This is the name of the service. Advanced Setting User-defined Service

Enable Direction Service Name Category Modify Select the check box to have the Router apply this bandwidth management rule. Click the Edit icon to open the Rule Configuration screen where you can modify the rule. Use this table to allocate specific amounts of bandwidth to specific applications or services you specify. This is the number of an individual bandwidth management rule. Select this check box to have the Router apply this bandwidth management rule. Select LAN to apply bandwidth management to traffic from WAN to LAN. Select WAN to apply bandwidth management to traffic from LAN/WLAN to WAN. Select WLAN to apply bandwidth management to traffic from WAN to WLAN. Enter a descriptive name for the bandwidth management rule. This is the category where a service belongs. Click the Edit icon to open the Rule Configuration screen. Modify an existing rule or create a new rule in the Rule Configuration screen. See Section 23.5.2 on page 167 for more information. Apply Reset Click the Remove icon to delete a rule. Click Apply to save your customized settings. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. 23.5.1 Rule Configuration: Application Rule Configuration If you want to edit a bandwidth management rule for a pre-defined service or application, click the Edit icon in the Application List table of the Advanced screen. The following screen displays. Figure 115 Bandwidth Management Rule Configuration: Application List 166 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Chapter 23 Bandwidth Management The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 73 Bandwidth Management Rule Configuration: Application List LABEL

Enable Direction Bandwidth DESCRIPTION This is the number of an individual bandwidth management rule. Select an interfaces check box to enable bandwidth management on that interface. These read-only labels represent the physical interfaces. Bandwidth management applies to all traffic flowing out of the router through the interface, regardless of the traffics source. Traffic redirect or IP alias may cause LAN-to-LAN traffic to pass through the Router and be managed by bandwidth management. Select Maximum Bandwidth or Minimum Bandwidth and specify the maximum or minimum bandwidth allowed for the rule in kilobits per second. Destination Port This is the port number of the destination that define the traffic type, for example TCP port 80 defines web traffic. See Appendix E on page 263 for some common services and port numbers. This is the port number of the source that define the traffic type, for example TCP port 80 defines web traffic. See Appendix E on page 263 for some common services and port numbers. This is the protocol (TCP, UDP or user-defined) used for the service. Click Apply to save your customized settings. Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving. Source Port Protocol Apply Cancel 23.5.2 Rule Configuration: User Defined Service Rule Configuration If you want to edit a bandwidth management rule for other applications or services, click the Edit icon in the User-defined Service table of the Advanced screen. The following screen displays. Figure 116 Bandwidth Management Rule Configuration: User-defined Service The following table describes the labels in this screen NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 167 Chapter 23 Bandwidth Management Table 74 Bandwidth Management Rule Configuration: User-defined Service LABEL BW Budget Destination Address DESCRIPTION Select Maximum Bandwidth or Minimum Bandwidth and specify the maximum or minimum bandwidth allowed for the rule in kilobits per second. Enter the IP address of the destination computer. The Router applies bandwidth management to the service or application that is entering this computer. Enter the subnet netmask of the destination of the traffic for which the bandwidth management rule applies. Destination Subnet Netmask Destination Port Source Address Enter the IP address of the computer that initializes traffic for the application or service. This is the port number of the destination that define the traffic type, for example TCP port 80 defines web traffic. Source Subnet Netmask Source Port Protocol Apply Cancel The Router applies bandwidth management to traffic initiating from this computer. Enter the subnet netmask of the computer initiating the traffic for which the bandwidth management rule applies. This is the port number of the source that define the traffic type, for example TCP port 80 defines web traffic. Select the protocol (TCP, UDP, User defined) for which the bandwidth management rule applies. If you select User-defined, enter the protocol for which the bandwidth management rule applies. For example, ICMP for ping traffic. Click Apply to save your customized settings. Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving. See Appendix E on page 263 for commonly used services and port numbers. 23.6 Monitor Screen Use this screen to view the amount of network bandwidth that applications running in the network are using. The bandwidth is measured in kilobits per second (kbps). 168 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Chapter 23 Bandwidth Management The monitor shows what kinds of applications are running in the network, the maximum kbps that each application can use, as well as the percentage of bandwidth it is using. Figure 117 Management > Bandwidth Management > Monitor 23.6.1 Predefined Bandwidth Management Services The following is a description of some services that you can select and to which you can apply media bandwidth management in the Management > Bandwidth Management > Advanced screen. Table 75 Media Bandwidth Management Setup: Services SERVICE FTP WWW E-Mail VoIP (SIP) BitTorrent Gaming DESCRIPTION File Transfer Program enables fast transfer of files, including large files that may not be possible by e-mail. The World Wide Web (WWW) is an Internet system to distribute graphical, hyper-linked information, based on Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) - a client/server protocol for the World Wide Web. The Web is not synonymous with the Internet; rather, it is just one service on the Internet. Other services on the Internet include Internet Relay Chat and Newsgroups. The Web is accessed through use of a browser. Electronic mail consists of messages sent through a computer network to specific groups or individuals. Here are some default ports for e-mail:

Sending voice signals over the Internet is called Voice over IP or VoIP. Session Initiated Protocol (SIP) is an internationally recognized standard for implementing VoIP. SIP is an application-layer control (signaling) protocol that handles the setting up, altering and tearing down of voice and multimedia sessions over the Internet. SIP is transported primarily over UDP but can also be transported over TCP. BitTorrent is a free P2P (peer-to-peer) sharing tool allowing you to distribute large software and media files. BitTorrent requires you to search for a file with a searching engine yourself. It distributes files by corporation and trading, that is, the client downloads the file in small pieces and share the pieces with other peers to get other half of the file. Online gaming services lets you play multiplayer games on the Internet via broadband technology. As of this writing, your Router supports Xbox, Playstation, Battlenet and MSN Game Zone. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 169 CHAPTER 24 Remote Management 24.1 Overview This chapter provides information on the Remote Management screens. Remote Management allows you to manage your Router from a remote location through the following interfaces:

LAN and WAN LAN only WAN only Note: The Router is managed using the Web Configurator. 24.2 What You Can Do Use the WWW screen (Section 24.4 on page 171) to define the interface/s from which the Router can be managed remotely and specify a secure client that can manage the Router. 24.3 What You Need to Know Remote management over LAN or WAN will not work when:

1 2 3 The IP address in the Secured Client IP Address field (Section 24.4 on page 171) does not match the client IP address. If it does not match, the Router will disconnect the session immediately. There is already another remote management session. You may only have one remote management session running at one time. There is a firewall rule that blocks it. 24.3.1 Remote Management and NAT When NAT is enabled:

Use the Routers WAN IP address when configuring from the WAN. Use the Routers LAN IP address when configuring from the LAN. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 170 Chapter 24 Remote Management 24.3.2 System Timeout There is a default system management idle timeout of five minutes (three hundred seconds). The Router automatically logs you out if the management session remains idle for longer than this timeout period. The management session does not time out when a statistics screen is polling. You can change the timeout period in the System screen 24.4 WWW Screen To change your Routers remote management settings, click Management > Remote Management > WWW. Figure 118 Management > Remote Management > WWW The following table describes the labels in this screen Table 76 Management > Remote Management > WWW LABEL Server Port Server Access Secured Client IP Address Apply Reset DESCRIPTION You may change the server port number for a service if needed, however you must use the same port number in order to use that service for remote management. Select the interface(s) through which a computer may access the Router using this service. Select All to allow all computes to access the Router. Otherwise, check Selected and specify the IP address of the computer that can access the Router. Click Apply to save your customized settings and exit this screen. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 171 Chapter 24 Remote Management 172 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide CHAPTER 25 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 25.1 Overview This chapter introduces the UPnP feature in the web configurator. Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) is a distributed, open networking standard that uses TCP/IP for simple peer-to-peer network connectivity between devices. A UPnP device can dynamically join a network, obtain an IP address, convey its capabilities and learn about other devices on the network. In turn, a device can leave a network smoothly and automatically when it is no longer in use. 25.2 What You Can Do Use the UPnP screen (Section 25.4 on page 174) to enable UPnP on your Router. 25.3 What You Need to Know UPnP hardware is identified as an icon in the Network Connections folder (Windows XP). Each UPnP compatible device installed on your network will appear as a separate icon. Selecting the icon of a UPnP device will allow you to access the information and properties of that device. 25.3.1 NAT Traversal UPnP NAT traversal automates the process of allowing an application to operate through NAT. UPnP network devices can automatically configure network addressing, announce their presence in the network to other UPnP devices and enable exchange of simple product and service descriptions. NAT traversal allows the following:

Dynamic port mapping Learning public IP addresses Assigning lease times to mappings Windows Messenger is an example of an application that supports NAT traversal and UPnP. See the NAT chapter for more information on NAT. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 173 Chapter 25 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 25.3.2 Cautions with UPnP The automated nature of NAT traversal applications in establishing their own services and opening firewall ports may present network security issues. Network information and configuration may also be obtained and modified by users in some network environments. When a UPnP device joins a network, it announces its presence with a multicast message. For security reasons, the Router allows multicast messages on the LAN only. All UPnP-enabled devices may communicate freely with each other without additional configuration. Disable UPnP if this is not your intention. 25.4 UPnP Screen Use this screen to enable UPnP on your Router. Click Management > UPnP to display the screen shown next. Figure 119 Management > UPnP The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 77 Management > UPnP LABEL DESCRIPTION Select this check box to activate UPnP. Be aware that anyone could use a UPnP application Enable the to open the web configurator's login screen without entering the Router's IP address Universal Plug and Play

(although you must still enter the password to access the web configurator).

(UPnP) Feature Apply Reset Click Apply to save the setting to the Router. Click Reset to return to the previously saved settings. 25.5 Technical Refereance The sections show examples of using UPnP. 25.5.1 Using UPnP in Windows XP Example This section shows you how to use the UPnP feature in Windows XP. You must already have UPnP installed in Windows XP and UPnP activated on the Router. 174 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Chapter 25 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) Make sure the computer is connected to a LAN port of the Router. Turn on your computer and the Router. 25.5.1.1 Auto-discover Your UPnP-enabled Network Device 1 2 Click start and Control Panel. Double-click Network Connections. An icon displays under Internet Gateway. Right-click the icon and select Properties. Figure 120 Network Connections 3 In the Internet Connection Properties window, click Settings to see the port mappings there were automatically created. Figure 121 Internet Connection Properties NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 175 Chapter 25 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 4 You may edit or delete the port mappings or click Add to manually add port mappings. Figure 122 Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings Figure 123 Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings: Add Note: When the UPnP-enabled device is disconnected from your computer, all port mappings will be deleted automatically. 5 Select Show icon in notification area when connected option and click OK. An icon displays in the system tray. Figure 124 System Tray Icon 176 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 6 Double-click on the icon to display your current Internet connection status. Figure 125 Internet Connection Status Chapter 25 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 25.5.2 Web Configurator Easy Access With UPnP, you can access the web-based configurator on the Router without finding out the IP address of the Router first. This comes helpful if you do not know the IP address of the Router. Follow the steps below to access the web configurator. 1 Click Start and then Control Panel. 2 Double-click Network Connections. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 177 Chapter 25 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 3 Select My Network Places under Other Places. Figure 126 Network Connections 4 5 An icon with the description for each UPnP-enabled device displays under Local Network. Right-click on the icon for your Router and select Invoke. The web configurator login screen displays. Figure 127 Network Connections: My Network Places 178 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Chapter 25 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 6 Right-click on the icon for your Router and select Properties. A properties window displays with basic information about the Router. Figure 128 Network Connections: My Network Places: Properties: Example NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 179 Chapter 25 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 180 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide CHAPTER 26 Maintenance 26.1 Overview This chapter provides information on the Maintenance screens. 26.2 What You Can Do Use the General screen to configure system and domain name. You can also set the timeout period of the management session (Section 26.3 on page 181). Use the Password screen to change your Routers system password (Section 26.4 on page 182). Use the Time screen to change your Routers time and date (Section 26.5 on page 183). Use the Firmware Upgrade screen to upload firmware to your Router (Section 26.6 on page 184). Use the Backup/Restore screen to view information related to factory defaults, backup configuration, and restoring configuration (Section 26.8 on page 187). Use the Reset/Restart screen to reboot the Router without turning the power off (Section 26.8 on page 187). Use the Sys OP Mode screen to select how you want to use your Router (Section 26.10 on page 189). 26.3 General Screen Use this screen to set the configure system and domain name as well as management session timeout period. Click Maintenance > General. The following screen displays. Figure 129 Maintenance > General NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 181 Chapter 26 Maintenance The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 78 Maintenance > General LABEL DESCRIPTION System Setup System Name Domain Name Administrator Inactivity Timer Apply Cancel System Name is a unique name to identify the Router in an Ethernet network. Enter the domain name you want to give to the Router. Type how many minutes a management session can be left idle before the session times out. The default is 5 minutes. After it times out you have to log in with your password again. Very long idle timeouts may have security risks. A value of "0" means a management session never times out, no matter how long it has been left idle (not recommended). Click Apply to save your changes back to the Router. Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh. 26.4 Password Screen It is strongly recommended that you change your Router's password. If you forget your Router's password (or IP address), you will need to reset the device. See Section 26.8 on page 187 for details. Click Maintenance > Password. The screen appears as shown. Figure 130 Maintenance > Password The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 79 Maintenance > Password LABEL Password Setup Change your Routers password (recommended) using the fields as shown. Old Password DESCRIPTION Type the default password or the existing password you use to access the system in this field. Type your new system password (up to 30 characters). Note that as you type a password, the screen displays an asterisk (*) for each character you type. Type the new password again in this field. New Password Retype to Confirm Apply Reset Click Apply to save your changes back to the Router. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. 182 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Chapter 26 Maintenance 26.5 Time Setting Screen Use this screen to configure the Routers time based on your local time zone. To change your Routers time and date, click Maintenance > Time. The screen appears as shown. Figure 131 Maintenance > Time The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 80 Maintenance > Time LABEL Current Time and Date Current Time DESCRIPTION This field displays the time of your Router. Current Date Each time you reload this page, the Router synchronizes the time with the time server. This field displays the date of your Router. Each time you reload this page, the Router synchronizes the date with the time server. Current Time and Date Manual New Time

(hh:mm:ss) New Date

(yyyy/mm/dd) Select this radio button to enter the time and date manually. If you configure a new time and date, Time Zone and Daylight Saving at the same time, the new time and date you entered has priority and the Time Zone and Daylight Saving settings do not affect it. This field displays the last updated time from the time server or the last time configured manually. When you select Manual, enter the new time in this field and then click Apply. This field displays the last updated date from the time server or the last date configured manually. When you select Manual, enter the new date in this field and then click Apply. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 183 Chapter 26 Maintenance Table 80 Maintenance > Time (continued) LABEL Get from Time Server Auto DESCRIPTION Select this radio button to have the Router get the time and date from the time server you specified below. Select Auto to have the Router automatically search for an available time server and synchronize the date and time with the time server after you click Apply. Select User Defined Time Server Address and enter the IP address or URL (up to 20 extended ASCII characters in length) of your time server. Check with your ISP/network administrator if you are unsure of this information. User Defined Time Server Address Time Zone Setup Time Zone Daylight Savings Start Date End Date Apply Cancel Choose the time zone of your location. This will set the time difference between your time zone and Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). Daylight saving is a period from late spring to early fall when many countries set their clocks ahead of normal local time by one hour to give more daytime light in the evening. Select this option if you use Daylight Saving Time. Configure the day and time when Daylight Saving Time starts if you selected Daylight Savings. The o'clock field uses the 24 hour format. Here are a couple of examples:

Daylight Saving Time starts in most parts of the United States on the first Sunday of April. Each time zone in the United States starts using Daylight Saving Time at 2 A.M. local time. So in the United States you would select First, Sunday, April and type 2 in the o'clock field. Daylight Saving Time starts in the European Union on the last Sunday of March. All of the time zones in the European Union start using Daylight Saving Time at the same moment

(1 A.M. GMT or UTC). So in the European Union you would select Last, Sunday, March. The time you type in the o'clock field depends on your time zone. In Germany for instance, you would type 2 because Germany's time zone is one hour ahead of GMT or UTC (GMT+1). Configure the day and time when Daylight Saving Time ends if you selected Daylight Savings. The o'clock field uses the 24 hour format. Here are a couple of examples:

Daylight Saving Time ends in the United States on the last Sunday of October. Each time zone in the United States stops using Daylight Saving Time at 2 A.M. local time. So in the United States you would select Last, Sunday, October and type 2 in the o'clock field. Daylight Saving Time ends in the European Union on the last Sunday of October. All of the time zones in the European Union stop using Daylight Saving Time at the same moment

(1 A.M. GMT or UTC). So in the European Union you would select Last, Sunday, October. The time you type in the o'clock field depends on your time zone. In Germany for instance, you would type 2 because Germany's time zone is one hour ahead of GMT or UTC (GMT+1). Click Apply to save your changes back to the Router. Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh. 26.6 Firmware Upgrade Screen Find firmware at www.zyxel.com in a file that (usually) uses the system model name with a *.bin extension, e.g., Router.bin. The upload process uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and may take up to two minutes. After a successful upload, the system will reboot. 184 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Click Maintenance > Firmware Upgrade. Follow the instructions in this screen to upload firmware to your Router. Figure 132 Maintenance > Firmware Upgrade Chapter 26 Maintenance The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 81 Maintenance > Firmware Upgrade LABEL File Path Browse... DESCRIPTION Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Browse... to find it. Click Browse... to find the .bin file you want to upload. Remember that you must decompress compressed (.zip) files before you can upload them. Click Upload to begin the upload process. This process may take up to two minutes. Click this to check for the latest updated firmware. Upload Check for Latest Firmware Now Note: Do not turn off the Router while firmware upload is in progress!

After you see the Firmware Upload In Process screen, wait two minutes before logging into the Router again. The Router automatically restarts in this time causing a temporary network disconnect. In some operating systems, you may see the following icon on your desktop. Figure 133 Network Temporarily Disconnected After two minutes, log in again and check your new firmware version in the Status screen. If the upload was not successful, an error message appears. Click Return to go back to the Firmware Upgrade screen. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 185 Chapter 26 Maintenance 26.7 Configuration Backup/Restore Screen Backup configuration allows you to back up (save) the Routers current configuration to a file on your computer. Once your Router is configured and functioning properly, it is highly recommended that you back up your configuration file before making configuration changes. The backup configuration file will be useful in case you need to return to your previous settings. Restore configuration allows you to upload a new or previously saved configuration file from your computer to your Router. Click Maintenance > Backup/Restore. Information related to factory defaults, backup configuration, and restoring configuration appears as shown next. Figure 134 Maintenance > Backup/Restore The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 82 Maintenance > Backup/Restore LABEL Backup File Path Browse... DESCRIPTION Click Backup to save the Routers current configuration to your computer. Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Browse... to find it. Click Browse... to find the file you want to upload. Remember that you must decompress compressed (.ZIP) files before you can upload them. 186 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Chapter 26 Maintenance Table 82 Maintenance > Backup/Restore (continued) LABEL Upload DESCRIPTION Click Upload to begin the upload process. Note: Do not turn off the Router while configuration file upload is in progress. After you see a configuration upload successful screen, you must then wait one minute before logging into the Router again. The Router automatically restarts in this time causing a temporary network disconnect. Reset If you see an error screen, click Back to return to the Backup/Restore screen. Pressing the Reset button in this section clears all user-entered configuration information and returns the Router to its factory defaults. You can also press the RESET button on the rear panel to reset the factory defaults of your Router. Refer to the chapter about introducing the Web Configurator for more information on the RESET button. Note: If you uploaded the default configuration file you may need to change the IP address of your computer to be in the same subnet as that of the default Router IP address (192.168.1.2). See Appendix C on page 221 for details on how to set up your computers IP address. 26.8 Reset/Restart Screen System restart allows you to reboot the Router without turning the power off. Click Maintenance > Reset/Restart to open the following screen. Figure 135 Maintenance > Reset/Restart Click Restart to have the Router reboot. This does not affect the Router's configuration. 26.9 System Operation Mode Overview The Sys OP Mode (System Operation Mode) function lets you configure your Router as an access point, wireless client or both at the same time. You can choose between Router, Access Point Mode, and WISP Mode depending on your network topology and the features you require from your device. The following describes the device modes available in your Router. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 187 Chapter 26 Maintenance Router A router connects your local network with another network, such as the Internet. The router has two IP addresses, the LAN IP address and the WAN IP address. Figure 136 LAN and WAN IP Addresses in Router Mode Access Point An access point enabled all ethernet ports to be bridged together and be in the same subnet. To connect to the Internet, another device, such as a router, is required. Figure 137 Access Point Mode WISP A WISP client connects to an existing access point wirelessly. It acts just like a wireless client in notebooks/computers. Figure 138 IP Address in Access Point Mode Wireless Client Access Point 188 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 26.10 Sys OP Mode Screen Use this screen to select how you want to use your Router. Figure 139 Maintenance > Sys OP Mode Chapter 26 Maintenance The following table describes the labels in the General screen. Table 83 Maintenance > Sys OP Mode LABEL System Operation Mode Router DESCRIPTION Select Router Mode if your device routes traffic between a local network and another network such as the Internet. This mode offers services such as a firewall or bandwidth management. Access Point You can configure the IP address settings on your WAN port. Contact your ISP or system administrator for more information on appropriate settings. Select Access Point Mode if your device bridges traffic between clients on the same network. In Access Point Mode, all Ethernet ports have the same IP address. All ports on the rear panel of the device are LAN ports, including the port labeled WAN. There is no WAN port. The DHCP server on your device is disabled. The IP address of the device on the local network is set to 192.168.1.2. Select WISP Mode if your device needs a wireless client to connect to an existing access point. WISP Mode You cannot configure Wireless LAN settings (including WPS) and scheduling in the WISP Mode. The IP address of the device on the local network is the same as the IP address given to the Router while in router mode (default is 192.168.1.1). Apply Cancel Click Apply to save your settings. Click Cancel to return your settings to the default (Router). Note: If you select the incorrect System Operation Mode you may not be able to connect to the Internet. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 189 Chapter 26 Maintenance 190 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide CHAPTER 27 Troubleshooting This chapter offers some suggestions to solve problems you might encounter. The potential problems are divided into the following categories. Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs Router Access and Login Internet Access Resetting the Router to Its Factory Defaults Wireless Router/AP Troubleshooting ZyXEL Share Center Utility Problems 27.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs The Router does not turn on. None of the LEDs turn on. 1 Make sure you are using the power adaptor or cord included with the Router. 2 Make sure the power adaptor or cord is connected to the Router and plugged in to an appropriate power source. Make sure the power source is turned on. 3 Disconnect and re-connect the power adaptor or cord to the Router. 4 If the problem continues, contact the vendor. One of the LEDs does not behave as expected. 1 Make sure you understand the normal behavior of the LED. See Section 1.5 on page 17. 2 3 Check the hardware connections. See the Quick Start Guide. Inspect your cables for damage. Contact the vendor to replace any damaged cables. 4 Disconnect and re-connect the power adaptor to the Router. 5 If the problem continues, contact the vendor. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 191 Chapter 27 Troubleshooting 27.2 Router Access and Login I dont know the IP address of my Router. 1 2 3 4 The default IP address is 192.168.1.1. If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, you might get the IP address of the Router by looking up the IP address of the default gateway for your computer. To do this in most Windows computers, click Start > Run, enter cmd, and then enter ipconfig. The IP address of the Default Gateway might be the IP address of the Router (it depends on the network), so enter this IP address in your Internet browser.Set your device to Router Mode, login (see the Quick Start Guide for instructions) and go to the Device Information table in the Status screen. Your Routers IP address is available in the Device Information table. If the DHCP setting under LAN information is None, your device has a fixed IP address. If the DHCP setting under LAN information is Client, then your device receives an IP address from a DHCP server on the network. If your Router is a DHCP client, you can find your IP address from the DHCP server. This information is only available from the DHCP server which allocates IP addresses on your network. Find this information directly from the DHCP server or contact your system administrator for more information. Reset your Router to change all settings back to their default. This means your current settings are lost. See Section 27.4 on page 195 in the Troubleshooting for information on resetting your Router. I forgot the password. 1 2 The default password is 1234. If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See Section 27.4 on page 195. I cannot see or access the Login screen in the Web Configurator. 1 Make sure you are using the correct IP address. The default IP address is 192.168.1.1. If you changed the IP address (Section 15.4 on page 135), use the new IP address. If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, see the troubleshooting suggestions for I dont know the IP address of my Router. 192 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Chapter 27 Troubleshooting 2 Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick Start Guide. 3 Make sure your Internet browser does not block pop-up windows and has JavaScript and Java enabled. See Appendix A on page 199. 4 Make sure your computer is in the same subnet as the Router. (If you know that there are routers between your computer and the Router, skip this step.) If there is a DHCP server on your network, make sure your computer is using a dynamic IP address. See Appendix C on page 221. If there is no DHCP server on your network, make sure your computers IP address is in the same subnet as the Router. See Appendix C on page 221. 5 6 Reset the device to its factory defaults, and try to access the Router with the default IP address. See Section 5.3 on page 43. If the problem continues, contact the network administrator or vendor, or try one of the advanced suggestions. Advanced Suggestion If your computer is connected to the WAN port or is connected wirelessly, use a computer that is connected to a LAN/ETHERNET port. I can see the Login screen, but I cannot log in to the Router. 1 Make sure you have entered the password correctly. The default password is 1234. This field is case-sensitive, so make sure [Caps Lock] is not on. 2 This can happen when you fail to log out properly from your last session. Try logging in again after 5 minutes. 3 Disconnect and re-connect the power adaptor or cord to the Router. 4 If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See Section 27.4 on page 195. 27.3 Internet Access I cannot access the Internet. 1 Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick Start Guide. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 193 Chapter 27 Troubleshooting 2 Make sure you entered your ISP account information correctly in the wizard. These fields are case-

sensitive, so make sure [Caps Lock] is not on. 3 If you are trying to access the Internet wirelessly, make sure the wireless settings in the wireless client are the same as the settings in the AP. Go to Network > Wireless LAN > General > WDS and check if the Router is set to bridge mode. Select Disable and try to connect to the Internet again. 4 Disconnect all the cables from your device, and follow the directions in the Quick Start Guide again. 5 Go to Maintenance > Sys OP Mode. Check your System Operation Mode setting. Select Router if your device routes traffic between a local network and another network such as the Internet. Select Access Point if your device bridges traffic between clients on the same network. 6 If the problem continues, contact your ISP. I cannot access the Internet anymore. I had access to the Internet (with the Router), but my Internet connection is not available anymore. 1 2 3 Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick Start Guide and Section 1.5 on page 17. Reboot the Router. If the problem continues, contact your ISP. The Internet connection is slow or intermittent. 1 2 3 4 194 There might be a lot of traffic on the network. Look at the LEDs, and check Section 1.5 on page 17. If the Router is sending or receiving a lot of information, try closing some programs that use the Internet, especially peer-to-peer applications. Check the signal strength. If the signal strength is low, try moving the Router closer to the AP if possible, and look around to see if there are any devices that might be interfering with the wireless network (for example, microwaves, other wireless networks, and so on). Reboot the Router. If the problem continues, contact the network administrator or vendor, or try one of the advanced suggestions. Advanced Suggestions Check the settings for bandwidth management. If it is disabled, you might consider activating it. If it is enabled, you might consider changing the allocations. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Check the settings for QoS. If it is disabled, you might consider activating it. If it is enabled, you might consider raising or lowering the priority for some applications. Chapter 27 Troubleshooting 27.4 Resetting the Router to Its Factory Defaults If you reset the Router, you lose all of the changes you have made. The Router re-loads its default settings, and the password resets to 1234. You have to make all of your changes again. You will lose all of your changes when you push the RESET button. To reset the Router, 1 Make sure the power LED is on. 2 3 Press the RESET button for longer than 1 second to restart/reboot the Router. Press the RESET button for longer than five seconds to set the Router back to its factory-default configurations. If the Router restarts automatically, wait for the Router to finish restarting, and log in to the Web Configurator. The password is 1234. If the Router does not restart automatically, disconnect and reconnect the Routers power. Then, follow the directions above again. 27.5 Wireless Router/AP Troubleshooting I cannot access the Router or ping any computer from the WLAN (wireless AP or router). 1 Make sure the wireless LAN is enabled on the Router 2 Make sure the wireless adapter on the wireless station is working properly. 3 Make sure the wireless adapter installed on your computer is IEEE 802.11 compatible and supports the same wireless standard as the Router. 4 Make sure your computer (with a wireless adapter installed) is within the transmission range of the Router. 5 Check that both the Router and your wireless station are using the same wireless and wireless security settings. 6 Make sure traffic between the WLAN and the LAN is not blocked by the firewall on the Router. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 195 Chapter 27 Troubleshooting 7 Make sure you allow the Router to be remotely accessed through the WLAN interface. Check your remote management settings. See the chapter on Wireless LAN in the Users Guide for more information. I set up URL keyword blocking, but I can still access a website that should be blocked. Make sure that you select the Enable URL Keyword Blocking check box in the Content Filtering screen. Make sure that the keywords that you type are listed in the Keyword List. If a keyword that is listed in the Keyword List is not blocked when it is found in a URL, customize the keyword blocking using commands. See the Customizing Keyword Blocking URL Checking section in the Content Filter chapter. I can access the Web Configurator after I switched to AP mode. When you change from router mode to AP mode, your computer must have an IP address in the range between 192.168.1.3 and 192.168.1.254. Refer to Appendix C on page 221 for instructions on how to change your computers IP address. 27.6 ZyXEL Share Center Utility Problems I cannot access or see a USB device that is connected to the Router. 1 Disconnect the problematic USB device, then reconnect it to the Router. 2 3 4 5 6 Ensure that the USB device in question has power. Check your cable connections. Restart the Router by disconnecting the power and then reconnecting it. If the USB device requires a special driver, install the driver from the installation disc that came with the device. After driver installation, reconnect the USB device to the Router and try to connect to it again with your computer. If the problem persists, contact your vendor. I cannot install the ZyXEL Share Center Utility. 196 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Chapter 27 Troubleshooting 1 Make sure that the set up program is one required for your operating system. 2 3 Install the latest patches and updates for your operating system. Check the zyxel.com download site for a newer version of the utility. Two computers cannot connect the USB storage at the same time using the ZyXEL Share Center Utility. Only one computer can connect to the USB storage through the ZyXEL Share Center Utlity at a time. If two computers (A and B) want to connect to the USB storage by using the Utility, do the following:

1 2 3 After A finishes connection to the USB storage, disconnect it by clicking Disconnect in As Utlity. Connect B to the USB storage (through the Utility) by clicking Connect in Bs Utility. If A does not disconnect the USB storage, B should click Request to Connect in the Utility to request A to disconnect. B cannot access the USB storage until A disconnects. See Chapter 12 on page 89 for more details on connecting to USB storage by the Utility. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 197 Chapter 27 Troubleshooting 198 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide APPENDIX A Pop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java Permissions In order to use the web configurator you need to allow:

Web browser pop-up windows from your device. JavaScript (enabled by default). Java permissions (enabled by default). Note: The screens used below belong to Internet Explorer version 6, 7 and 8. Screens for other Internet Explorer versions may vary. Internet Explorer Pop-up Blockers You may have to disable pop-up blocking to log into your device. Either disable pop-up blocking (enabled by default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2) or allow pop-up blocking and create an exception for your devices IP address. Disable Pop-up Blockers 1 In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Pop-up Blocker and then select Turn Off Pop-up Blocker. Figure 140 Pop-up Blocker You can also check if pop-up blocking is disabled in the Pop-up Blocker section in the Privacy tab. 1 In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Internet Options, Privacy. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 199 Appendix A Pop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java Permissions 2 Clear the Block pop-ups check box in the Pop-up Blocker section of the screen. This disables any web pop-up blockers you may have enabled. Figure 141 Internet Options: Privacy 3 Click Apply to save this setting. Enable Pop-up Blockers with Exceptions Alternatively, if you only want to allow pop-up windows from your device, see the following steps. 1 In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Internet Options and then the Privacy tab. 200 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Appendix A Pop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java Permissions 2 Select Settingsto open the Pop-up Blocker Settings screen. Figure 142 Internet Options: Privacy 3 Type the IP address of your device (the web page that you do not want to have blocked) with the prefix http://. For example, http://192.168.167.1. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 201 Appendix A Pop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java Permissions 4 Click Add to move the IP address to the list of Allowed sites. Figure 143 Pop-up Blocker Settings 5 6 Click Close to return to the Privacy screen. Click Apply to save this setting. JavaScript If pages of the web configurator do not display properly in Internet Explorer, check that JavaScript are allowed. 202 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Appendix A Pop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java Permissions 1 In Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security tab. Figure 144 Internet Options: Security 2 3 Click the Custom Level... button. Scroll down to Scripting. 4 Under Active scripting make sure that Enable is selected (the default). 5 Under Scripting of Java applets make sure that Enable is selected (the default). NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 203 Appendix A Pop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java Permissions 6 Click OK to close the window. Figure 145 Security Settings - Java Scripting Java Permissions 1 2 3 From Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security tab. Click the Custom Level... button. Scroll down to Microsoft VM. 4 Under Java permissions make sure that a safety level is selected. 204 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Appendix A Pop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java Permissions 5 Click OK to close the window. Figure 146 Security Settings - Java JAVA (Sun) 1 From Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Advanced tab. 2 Make sure that Use Java 2 for <applet> under Java (Sun) is selected. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 205 Appendix A Pop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java Permissions 3 Click OK to close the window. Figure 147 Java (Sun) Mozilla Firefox Mozilla Firefox 2.0 screens are used here. Screens for other versions may vary slightly. The steps below apply to Mozilla Firefox 3.0 as well. You can enable Java, Javascript and pop-ups in one screen. Click Tools, then click Options in the screen that appears. Figure 148 Mozilla Firefox: TOOLS > Options 206 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Appendix A Pop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java Permissions Click Content to show the screen below. Select the check boxes as shown in the following screen. Figure 149 Mozilla Firefox Content Security Opera Opera 10 screens are used here. Screens for other versions may vary slightly. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 207 Appendix A Pop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java Permissions Allowing Pop-Ups From Opera, click Tools, then Preferences. In the General tab, go to Choose how you prefer to handle pop-ups and select Open all pop-ups. Figure 150 Opera: Allowing Pop-Ups Enabling Java From Opera, click Tools, then Preferences. In the Advanced tab, select Content from the left-

side menu. Select the check boxes as shown in the following screen. Figure 151 Opera: Enabling Java 208 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Appendix A Pop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java Permissions To customize JavaScript behavior in the Opera browser, click JavaScript Options. Figure 152 Opera: JavaScript Options Select the items you want Operas JavaScript to apply. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 209 Appendix A Pop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java Permissions 210 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide APPENDIX B IP Addresses and Subnetting This appendix introduces IP addresses and subnet masks. IP addresses identify individual devices on a network. Every networking device (including computers, servers, routers, printers, etc.) needs an IP address to communicate across the network. These networking devices are also known as hosts. Subnet masks determine the maximum number of possible hosts on a network. You can also use subnet masks to divide one network into multiple sub-networks. Introduction to IP Addresses One part of the IP address is the network number, and the other part is the host ID. In the same way that houses on a street share a common street name, the hosts on a network share a common network number. Similarly, as each house has its own house number, each host on the network has its own unique identifying number - the host ID. Routers use the network number to send packets to the correct network, while the host ID determines to which host on the network the packets are delivered. Structure An IP address is made up of four parts, written in dotted decimal notation (for example, 192.168.1.1). Each of these four parts is known as an octet. An octet is an eight-digit binary number (for example 11000000, which is 192 in decimal notation). Therefore, each octet has a possible range of 00000000 to 11111111 in binary, or 0 to 255 in decimal. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 211 Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting The following figure shows an example IP address in which the first three octets (192.168.1) are the network number, and the fourth octet (16) is the host ID. Figure 153 Network Number and Host ID How much of the IP address is the network number and how much is the host ID varies according to the subnet mask. Subnet Masks A subnet mask is used to determine which bits are part of the network number, and which bits are part of the host ID (using a logical AND operation). The term subnet is short for sub-network. A subnet mask has 32 bits. If a bit in the subnet mask is a 1 then the corresponding bit in the IP address is part of the network number. If a bit in the subnet mask is 0 then the corresponding bit in the IP address is part of the host ID. The following example shows a subnet mask identifying the network number (in bold text) and host ID of an IP address (192.168.1.2 in decimal). Table 84 IP Address Network Number and Host ID Example 3RD OCTET:

(1) 00000001 11111111 00000001 2ND OCTET:

(168) 10101000 11111111 10101000 11000000 11111111 11000000 1ST OCTET:

(192) IP Address (Binary) Subnet Mask (Binary) Network Number Host ID 4TH OCTET

(2) 00000010 00000000 00000010 By convention, subnet masks always consist of a continuous sequence of ones beginning from the leftmost bit of the mask, followed by a continuous sequence of zeros, for a total number of 32 bits. Subnet masks can be referred to by the size of the network number part (the bits with a 1 value). For example, an 8-bit mask means that the first 8 bits of the mask are ones and the remaining 24 bits are zeroes. 212 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting Subnet masks are expressed in dotted decimal notation just like IP addresses. The following examples show the binary and decimal notation for 8-bit, 16-bit, 24-bit and 29-bit subnet masks. Table 85 Subnet Masks BINARY 1ST OCTET 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 8-bit mask 16-bit mask 24-bit mask 29-bit mask 2ND OCTET 00000000 11111111 11111111 11111111 3RD OCTET 00000000 00000000 11111111 11111111 4TH OCTET 00000000 00000000 00000000 11111000 DECIMAL 255.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.248 Network Size The size of the network number determines the maximum number of possible hosts you can have on your network. The larger the number of network number bits, the smaller the number of remaining host ID bits. An IP address with host IDs of all zeros is the IP address of the network (192.168.1.0 with a 24-bit subnet mask, for example). An IP address with host IDs of all ones is the broadcast address for that network (192.168.1.255 with a 24-bit subnet mask, for example). As these two IP addresses cannot be used for individual hosts, calculate the maximum number of possible hosts in a network as follows:

Table 86 Maximum Host Numbers SUBNET MASK HOST ID SIZE 8 bits 16 bits 24 bits 29 bits 255.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.248 24 bits 16 bits 8 bits 3 bits 224 2 216 2 28 2 23 2 MAXIMUM NUMBER OF HOSTS 16777214 65534 254 6 Since the mask is always a continuous number of ones beginning from the left, followed by a continuous number of zeros for the remainder of the 32 bit mask, you can simply specify the number of ones instead of writing the value of each octet. This is usually specified by writing a /

followed by the number of bits in the mask after the address. For example, 192.1.1.0 /25 is equivalent to saying 192.1.1.0 with subnet mask 255.255.255.128. The following table shows some possible subnet masks using both notations. Table 87 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation SUBNET MASK 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.128 255.255.255.192 ALTERNATIVE NOTATION

/24

/25

/26 LAST OCTET

(BINARY) 0000 0000 1000 0000 1100 0000 LAST OCTET

(DECIMAL) 0 128 192 Notation NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 213 Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting Table 87 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation (continued) SUBNET MASK 255.255.255.224 255.255.255.240 255.255.255.248 255.255.255.252 ALTERNATIVE NOTATION

/27

/28

/29

/30 LAST OCTET

(BINARY) 1110 0000 1111 0000 1111 1000 1111 1100 LAST OCTET

(DECIMAL) 224 240 248 252 Subnetting You can use subnetting to divide one network into multiple sub-networks. In the following example a network administrator creates two sub-networks to isolate a group of servers from the rest of the company network for security reasons. In this example, the company network address is 192.168.1.0. The first three octets of the address

(192.168.1) are the network number, and the remaining octet is the host ID, allowing a maximum of 28 2 or 254 possible hosts. The following figure shows the company network before subnetting. Figure 154 Subnetting Example: Before Subnetting You can borrow one of the host ID bits to divide the network 192.168.1.0 into two separate sub-

networks. The subnet mask is now 25 bits (255.255.255.128 or /25). The borrowed host ID bit can have a value of either 0 or 1, allowing two subnets; 192.168.1.0 /25 and 192.168.1.128 /25. 214 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting The following figure shows the company network after subnetting. There are now two sub-

networks, A and B. Figure 155 Subnetting Example: After Subnetting In a 25-bit subnet the host ID has 7 bits, so each sub-network has a maximum of 27 2 or 126 possible hosts (a host ID of all zeroes is the subnets address itself, all ones is the subnets broadcast address). 192.168.1.0 with mask 255.255.255.128 is subnet A itself, and 192.168.1.127 with mask 255.255.255.128 is its broadcast address. Therefore, the lowest IP address that can be assigned to an actual host for subnet A is 192.168.1.1 and the highest is 192.168.1.126. Similarly, the host ID range for subnet B is 192.168.1.129 to 192.168.1.254. Example: Four Subnets The previous example illustrated using a 25-bit subnet mask to divide a 24-bit address into two subnets. Similarly, to divide a 24-bit address into four subnets, you need to borrow two host ID bits to give four possible combinations (00, 01, 10 and 11). The subnet mask is 26 bits

(11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000) or 255.255.255.192. Each subnet contains 6 host ID bits, giving 26 - 2 or 62 hosts for each subnet (a host ID of all zeroes is the subnet itself, all ones is the subnets broadcast address). Table 88 Subnet 1 IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER IP Address (Decimal) IP Address (Binary) Subnet Mask (Binary) 192.168.1. 11000000.10101000.00000001. 11111111.11111111.11111111. LAST OCTET BIT VALUE 0 00000000 11000000 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 215 Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting Table 88 Subnet 1 (continued) IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT VALUE Subnet Address:

192.168.1.0 Broadcast Address:

192.168.1.63 Table 89 Subnet 2 Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.1 Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.62 IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER IP Address IP Address (Binary) Subnet Mask (Binary) Subnet Address:

192.168.1.64 Broadcast Address:

192.168.1.127 Table 90 Subnet 3 192.168.1. 11000000.10101000.00000001. 11111111.11111111.11111111. Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.65 Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.126 IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER IP Address IP Address (Binary) Subnet Mask (Binary) Subnet Address:

192.168.1.128 Broadcast Address:

192.168.1.191 Table 91 Subnet 4 192.168.1. 11000000.10101000.00000001. 11111111.11111111.11111111. Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.129 Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.190 LAST OCTET BIT VALUE 64 01000000 11000000 LAST OCTET BIT VALUE 128 10000000 11000000 IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER IP Address IP Address (Binary) Subnet Mask (Binary) Subnet Address:

192.168.1.192 Broadcast Address:

192.168.1.255 192.168.1. 11000000.10101000.00000001. 11111111.11111111.11111111. Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.193 Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.254 LAST OCTET BIT VALUE 192 11000000 11000000 Example: Eight Subnets Similarly, use a 27-bit mask to create eight subnets (000, 001, 010, 011, 100, 101, 110 and 111). 216 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide The following table shows IP address last octet values for each subnet. Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting SUBNET Table 92 Eight Subnets SUBNET ADDRESS 0 32 64 96 128 160 192 224 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 FIRST ADDRESS 1 33 65 97 129 161 193 225 LAST ADDRESS 30 62 94 126 158 190 222 254 BROADCAST ADDRESS 31 63 95 127 159 191 223 255 Subnet Planning The following table is a summary for subnet planning on a network with a 24-bit network number. SUBNET MASK Table 93 24-bit Network Number Subnet Planning NO. BORROWED HOST BITS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 255.255.255.128 (/25) 255.255.255.192 (/26) 255.255.255.224 (/27) 255.255.255.240 (/28) 255.255.255.248 (/29) 255.255.255.252 (/30) 255.255.255.254 (/31) NO. SUBNETS 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 NO. HOSTS PER SUBNET 126 62 30 14 6 2 1 The following table is a summary for subnet planning on a network with a 16-bit network number. SUBNET MASK Table 94 16-bit Network Number Subnet Planning NO. BORROWED HOST BITS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 255.255.128.0 (/17) 255.255.192.0 (/18) 255.255.224.0 (/19) 255.255.240.0 (/20) 255.255.248.0 (/21) 255.255.252.0 (/22) 255.255.254.0 (/23) 255.255.255.0 (/24) 255.255.255.128 (/25) 255.255.255.192 (/26) 255.255.255.224 (/27) 255.255.255.240 (/28) NO. SUBNETS 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 4096 NO. HOSTS PER SUBNET 32766 16382 8190 4094 2046 1022 510 254 126 62 30 14 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 217 Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting Table 94 16-bit Network Number Subnet Planning (continued) NO. BORROWED HOST BITS 13 14 15 255.255.255.248 (/29) 255.255.255.252 (/30) 255.255.255.254 (/31) 8192 16384 32768 SUBNET MASK NO. SUBNETS NO. HOSTS PER SUBNET 6 2 1 Configuring IP Addresses Where you obtain your network number depends on your particular situation. If the ISP or your network administrator assigns you a block of registered IP addresses, follow their instructions in selecting the IP addresses and the subnet mask. If the ISP did not explicitly give you an IP network number, then most likely you have a single user account and the ISP will assign you a dynamic IP address when the connection is established. If this is the case, it is recommended that you select a network number from 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.0. The Internet Assigned Number Authority (IANA) reserved this block of addresses specifically for private use; please do not use any other number unless you are told otherwise. You must also enable Network Address Translation (NAT) on the Router. Once you have decided on the network number, pick an IP address for your Router that is easy to remember (for instance, 192.168.1.1) but make sure that no other device on your network is using that IP address. The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your Router will compute the subnet mask automatically based on the IP address that you entered. You don't need to change the subnet mask computed by the Router unless you are instructed to do otherwise. Private IP Addresses Every machine on the Internet must have a unique address. If your networks are isolated from the Internet (running only between two branch offices, for example) you can assign any IP addresses to the hosts without problems. However, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has reserved the following three blocks of IP addresses specifically for private networks:

10.0.0.0 10.255.255.255 172.16.0.0 172.31.255.255 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255 You can obtain your IP address from the IANA, from an ISP, or it can be assigned from a private network. If you belong to a small organization and your Internet access is through an ISP, the ISP can provide you with the Internet addresses for your local networks. On the other hand, if you are part of a much larger organization, you should consult your network administrator for the appropriate IP addresses. Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an arbitrary IP address; always follow the guidelines above. For more information on address assignment, please refer to RFC 1597, Address Allocation for Private Internets and RFC 1466, Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space. 218 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting IP Address Conflicts Each device on a network must have a unique IP address. Devices with duplicate IP addresses on the same network will not be able to access the Internet or other resources. The devices may also be unreachable through the network. Conflicting Computer IP Addresses Example More than one device can not use the same IP address. In the following example computer A has a static (or fixed) IP address that is the same as the IP address that a DHCP server assigns to computer B which is a DHCP client. Neither can access the Internet. This problem can be solved by assigning a different static IP address to computer A or setting computer A to obtain an IP address automatically. Figure 156 Conflicting Computer IP Addresses Example Conflicting Router IP Addresses Example Since a router connects different networks, it must have interfaces using different network numbers. For example, if a router is set between a LAN and the Internet (WAN), the routers LAN and WAN addresses must be on different subnets. In the following example, the LAN and WAN are on the same subnet. The LAN computers cannot access the Internet because the router cannot route between networks. Figure 157 Conflicting Router IP Addresses Example NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 219 Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting Conflicting Computer and Router IP Addresses Example More than one device can not use the same IP address. In the following example, the computer and the routers LAN port both use 192.168.1.1 as the IP address. The computer cannot access the Internet. This problem can be solved by assigning a different IP address to the computer or the routers LAN port. Figure 158 Conflicting Computer and Router IP Addresses Example 220 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide APPENDIX C Setting Up Your Computers IP Address Note: Your specific Router may not support all of the operating systems described in this appendix. See the product specifications for more information about which operating systems are supported. This appendix shows you how to configure the IP settings on your computer in order for it to be able to communicate with the other devices on your network. Windows Vista/XP/2000, Mac OS 9/

OS X, and all versions of UNIX/LINUX include the software components you need to use TCP/IP on your computer. If you manually assign IP information instead of using a dynamic IP, make sure that your networks computers have IP addresses that place them in the same subnet. In this appendix, you can set up an IP address for:

Windows XP/NT/2000 on page 222 Windows Vista on page 225 Windows 7 on page 229 Mac OS X: 10.3 and 10.4 on page 233 Mac OS X: 10.5 and 10.6 on page 236 Linux: Ubuntu 8 (GNOME) on page 239 Linux: openSUSE 10.3 (KDE) on page 243 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 221 Appendix C Setting Up Your Computers IP Address Windows XP/NT/2000 The following example uses the default Windows XP display theme but can also apply to Windows 2000 and Windows NT. 1 Click Start > Control Panel. 2 In the Control Panel, click the Network Connections icon. 222 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 3 Right-click Local Area Connection and then select Properties. Appendix C Setting Up Your Computers IP Address 4 On the General tab, select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and then click Properties. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 223 Appendix C Setting Up Your Computers IP Address 5 The Internet Protocol TCP/IP Properties window opens. 6 7 8 Select Obtain an IP address automatically if your network administrator or ISP assigns your IP address dynamically. Select Use the following IP Address and fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Default gateway fields if you have a static IP address that was assigned to you by your network administrator or ISP. You may also have to enter a Preferred DNS server and an Alternate DNS server, if that information was provided. Click OK to close the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window. Click OK to close the Local Area Connection Properties window. Verifying Settings 1 2 224 Click Start > All Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt. In the Command Prompt window, type "ipconfig" and then press [ENTER]. You can also go to Start > Control Panel > Network Connections, right-click a network connection, click Status and then click the Support tab to view your IP address and connection information. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Appendix C Setting Up Your Computers IP Address Windows Vista This section shows screens from Windows Vista Professional. 1 Click Start > Control Panel. 2 In the Control Panel, click the Network and Internet icon. 3 Click the Network and Sharing Center icon. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 225 Appendix C Setting Up Your Computers IP Address 4 Click Manage network connections. 5 Right-click Local Area Connection and then select Properties. Note: During this procedure, click Continue whenever Windows displays a screen saying that it needs your permission to continue. 226 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 6 Select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and then select Properties. Appendix C Setting Up Your Computers IP Address NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 227 Appendix C Setting Up Your Computers IP Address 7 The Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties window opens. 8 Select Obtain an IP address automatically if your network administrator or ISP assigns your IP address dynamically. Select Use the following IP Address and fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Default gateway fields if you have a static IP address that was assigned to you by your network administrator or ISP. You may also have to enter a Preferred DNS server and an Alternate DNS server, if that information was provided.Click Advanced. 9 Click OK to close the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window. 10 Click OK to close the Local Area Connection Properties window. Verifying Settings 1 2 228 Click Start > All Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt. In the Command Prompt window, type "ipconfig" and then press [ENTER]. You can also go to Start > Control Panel > Network Connections, right-click a network connection, click Status and then click the Support tab to view your IP address and connection information. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Appendix C Setting Up Your Computers IP Address Windows 7 This section shows screens from Windows 7 Enterprise. 1 Click Start > Control Panel. 2 In the Control Panel, click View network status and tasks under the Network and Internet category. 3 Click Change adapter settings. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 229 Appendix C Setting Up Your Computers IP Address 4 Double click Local Area Connection and then select Properties. Note: During this procedure, click Continue whenever Windows displays a screen saying that it needs your permission to continue. 230 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 5 Select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and then select Properties. Appendix C Setting Up Your Computers IP Address NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 231 Appendix C Setting Up Your Computers IP Address 6 The Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties window opens. 7 8 9 Select Obtain an IP address automatically if your network administrator or ISP assigns your IP address dynamically. Select Use the following IP Address and fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Default gateway fields if you have a static IP address that was assigned to you by your network administrator or ISP. You may also have to enter a Preferred DNS server and an Alternate DNS server, if that information was provided. Click Advanced if you want to configure advanced settings for IP, DNS and WINS. Click OK to close the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window. Click OK to close the Local Area Connection Properties window. 232 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Appendix C Setting Up Your Computers IP Address Verifying Settings 1 2 3 Click Start > All Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt. In the Command Prompt window, type "ipconfig" and then press [ENTER]. The IP settings are displayed as follows. Mac OS X: 10.3 and 10.4 The screens in this section are from Mac OS X 10.4 but can also apply to 10.3. 1 Click Apple > System Preferences. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 233 Appendix C Setting Up Your Computers IP Address 2 In the System Preferences window, click the Network icon. 3 When the Network preferences pane opens, select Built-in Ethernet from the network connection type list, and then click Configure. 234 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 4 For dynamically assigned settings, select Using DHCP from the Configure IPv4 list in the TCP/IP tab. Appendix C Setting Up Your Computers IP Address 5 For statically assigned settings, do the following:

From the Configure IPv4 list, select Manually. In the IP Address field, type your IP address. In the Subnet Mask field, type your subnet mask. In the Router field, type the IP address of your device. 6 Click Apply Now and close the window. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 235 Appendix C Setting Up Your Computers IP Address Verifying Settings Check your TCP/IP properties by clicking Applications > Utilities > Network Utilities, and then selecting the appropriate Network Interface from the Info tab. Figure 159 Mac OS X 10.4: Network Utility Mac OS X: 10.5 and 10.6 The screens in this section are from Mac OS X 10.5 but can also apply to 10.6. 1 Click Apple > System Preferences. 236 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 2 In System Preferences, click the Network icon. Appendix C Setting Up Your Computers IP Address 3 When the Network preferences pane opens, select Ethernet from the list of available connection types. 4 From the Configure list, select Using DHCP for dynamically assigned settings. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 237 Appendix C Setting Up Your Computers IP Address 5 For statically assigned settings, do the following:

From the Configure list, select Manually. In the IP Address field, enter your IP address. In the Subnet Mask field, enter your subnet mask. In the Router field, enter the IP address of your Router. 6 Click Apply and close the window. 238 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Appendix C Setting Up Your Computers IP Address Verifying Settings Check your TCP/IP properties by clicking Applications > Utilities > Network Utilities, and then selecting the appropriate Network interface from the Info tab. Figure 160 Mac OS X 10.5: Network Utility Linux: Ubuntu 8 (GNOME) This section shows you how to configure your computers TCP/IP settings in the GNU Object Model Environment (GNOME) using the Ubuntu 8 Linux distribution. The procedure, screens and file locations may vary depending on your specific distribution, release version, and individual configuration. The following screens use the default Ubuntu 8 installation. Note: Make sure you are logged in as the root administrator. Follow the steps below to configure your computer IP address in GNOME:

1 Click System > Administration > Network. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 239 Appendix C Setting Up Your Computers IP Address 2 When the Network Settings window opens, click Unlock to open the Authenticate window. (By default, the Unlock button is greyed out until clicked.) You cannot make changes to your configuration unless you first enter your admin password. 3 In the Authenticate window, enter your admin account name and password then click the Authenticate button. 240 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 4 In the Network Settings window, select the connection that you want to configure, then click Properties. Appendix C Setting Up Your Computers IP Address 5 The Properties dialog box opens. In the Configuration list, select Automatic Configuration (DHCP) if you have a dynamic IP address. In the Configuration list, select Static IP address if you have a static IP address. Fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Gateway address fields. 6 Click OK to save the changes and close the Properties dialog box and return to the Network Settings screen. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 241 Appendix C Setting Up Your Computers IP Address 7 If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click the DNS tab in the Network Settings window and then enter the DNS server information in the fields provided. 8 Click the Close button to apply the changes. 242 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Appendix C Setting Up Your Computers IP Address Verifying Settings Check your TCP/IP properties by clicking System > Administration > Network Tools, and then selecting the appropriate Network device from the Devices tab. The Interface Statistics column shows data if your connection is working properly. Figure 161 Ubuntu 8: Network Tools Linux: openSUSE 10.3 (KDE) This section shows you how to configure your computers TCP/IP settings in the K Desktop Environment (KDE) using the openSUSE 10.3 Linux distribution. The procedure, screens and file locations may vary depending on your specific distribution, release version, and individual configuration. The following screens use the default openSUSE 10.3 installation. Note: Make sure you are logged in as the root administrator. Follow the steps below to configure your computer IP address in the KDE:

NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 243 Appendix C Setting Up Your Computers IP Address 1 Click K Menu > Computer > Administrator Settings (YaST). 2 When the Run as Root - KDE su dialog opens, enter the admin password and click OK. 244 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 3 When the YaST Control Center window opens, select Network Devices and then click the Network Card icon. Appendix C Setting Up Your Computers IP Address 4 When the Network Settings window opens, click the Overview tab, select the appropriate connection Name from the list, and then click the Configure button. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 245 Appendix C Setting Up Your Computers IP Address 5 When the Network Card Setup window opens, click the Address tab Figure 162 openSUSE 10.3: Network Card Setup 6 7 Select Dynamic Address (DHCP) if you have a dynamic IP address. Select Statically assigned IP Address if you have a static IP address. Fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Hostname fields. Click Next to save the changes and close the Network Card Setup window. 246 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 8 If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click the Hostname/DNS tab in Network Settings and then enter the DNS server information in the fields provided. Appendix C Setting Up Your Computers IP Address 9 Click Finish to save your settings and close the window. Verifying Settings Click the KNetwork Manager icon on the Task bar to check your TCP/IP properties. From the Options sub-menu, select Show Connection Information. Figure 163 openSUSE 10.3: KNetwork Manager NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 247 Appendix C Setting Up Your Computers IP Address When the Connection Status - KNetwork Manager window opens, click the Statistics tab to see if your connection is working properly. Figure 164 openSUSE: Connection Status - KNetwork Manager 248 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide APPENDIX D Wireless LANs Wireless LAN Topologies This section discusses ad-hoc and infrastructure wireless LAN topologies. Ad-hoc Wireless LAN Configuration The simplest WLAN configuration is an independent (Ad-hoc) WLAN that connects a set of computers with wireless adapters (A, B, C). Any time two or more wireless adapters are within range of each other, they can set up an independent network, which is commonly referred to as an ad-hoc network or Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS). The following diagram shows an example of notebook computers using wireless adapters to form an ad-hoc wireless LAN. Figure 165 Peer-to-Peer Communication in an Ad-hoc Network BSS A Basic Service Set (BSS) exists when all communications between wireless clients or between a wireless client and a wired network client go through one access point (AP). Intra-BSS traffic is traffic between wireless clients in the BSS. When Intra-BSS is enabled, wireless client A and B can access the wired network and communicate with each other. When Intra-BSS is NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 249 Appendix D Wireless LANs disabled, wireless client A and B can still access the wired network but cannot communicate with each other. Figure 166 Basic Service Set ESS An Extended Service Set (ESS) consists of a series of overlapping BSSs, each containing an access point, with each access point connected together by a wired network. This wired connection between APs is called a Distribution System (DS). This type of wireless LAN topology is called an Infrastructure WLAN. The Access Points not only provide communication with the wired network but also mediate wireless network traffic in the immediate neighborhood. 250 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide An ESSID (ESS IDentification) uniquely identifies each ESS. All access points and their associated wireless clients within the same ESS must have the same ESSID in order to communicate. Figure 167 Infrastructure WLAN Appendix D Wireless LANs Channel RTS/CTS A channel is the radio frequency(ies) used by wireless devices to transmit and receive data. Channels available depend on your geographical area. You may have a choice of channels (for your region) so you should use a channel different from an adjacent AP (access point) to reduce interference. Interference occurs when radio signals from different access points overlap causing interference and degrading performance. Adjacent channels partially overlap however. To avoid interference due to overlap, your AP should be on a channel at least five channels away from a channel that an adjacent AP is using. For example, if your region has 11 channels and an adjacent AP is using channel 1, then you need to select a channel between 6 or 11. A hidden node occurs when two stations are within range of the same access point, but are not within range of each other. The following figure illustrates a hidden node. Both stations (STA) are within range of the access point (AP) or wireless gateway, but out-of-range of each other, so they NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 251 Appendix D Wireless LANs cannot "hear" each other, that is they do not know if the channel is currently being used. Therefore, they are considered hidden from each other. Figure 168 RTS/CTS When station A sends data to the AP, it might not know that the station B is already using the channel. If these two stations send data at the same time, collisions may occur when both sets of data arrive at the AP at the same time, resulting in a loss of messages for both stations. RTS/CTS is designed to prevent collisions due to hidden nodes. An RTS/CTS defines the biggest size data frame you can send before an RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake is invoked. When a data frame exceeds the RTS/CTS value you set, the station that wants to transmit this frame must first send an RTS (Request To Send) message to the AP for permission to send it. The AP then responds with a CTS (Clear to Send) message to all other stations within its range to notify them to defer their transmission. It also reserves and confirms with the requesting station the time frame for the requested transmission. Stations can send frames smaller than the specified RTS/CTS directly to the AP without the RTS

(Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake. You should only configure RTS/CTS if the possibility of hidden nodes exists on your network and the "cost" of resending large frames is more than the extra network overhead involved in the RTS

(Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake. If the RTS/CTS value is greater than the Fragmentation Threshold value (see next), then the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake will never occur as data frames will be fragmented before they reach RTS/CTS size. Note: Enabling the RTS Threshold causes redundant network overhead that could negatively affect the throughput performance instead of providing a remedy. Fragmentation Threshold A Fragmentation Threshold is the maximum data fragment size that can be sent in the wireless network before the AP will fragment the packet into smaller data frames. A large Fragmentation Threshold is recommended for networks not prone to interference while you should set a smaller threshold for busy networks or networks that are prone to interference. 252 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide If the Fragmentation Threshold value is smaller than the RTS/CTS value (see previously) you set then the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake will never occur as data frames will be fragmented before they reach RTS/CTS size. Appendix D Wireless LANs Preamble Type Preamble is used to signal that data is coming to the receiver. Short and long refer to the length of the synchronization field in a packet. Short preamble increases performance as less time sending preamble means more time for sending data. All IEEE 802.11 compliant wireless adapters support long preamble, but not all support short preamble. Use long preamble if you are unsure what preamble mode other wireless devices on the network support, and to provide more reliable communications in busy wireless networks. Use short preamble if you are sure all wireless devices on the network support it, and to provide more efficient communications. Use the dynamic setting to automatically use short preamble when all wireless devices on the network support it, otherwise the Router uses long preamble. Note: The wireless devices MUST use the same preamble mode in order to communicate. IEEE 802.11g Wireless LAN IEEE 802.11g is fully compatible with the IEEE 802.11b standard. This means an IEEE 802.11b adapter can interface directly with an IEEE 802.11g access point (and vice versa) at 11 Mbps or lower depending on range. IEEE 802.11g has several intermediate rate steps between the maximum and minimum data rates. The IEEE 802.11g data rate and modulation are as follows:

Table 95 IEEE 802.11g DATA RATE (MBPS) MODULATION 1 2 5.5 / 11 6/9/12/18/24/36/48/

54 DBPSK (Differential Binary Phase Shift Keyed) DQPSK (Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) CCK (Complementary Code Keying) OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) Wireless Security Overview Wireless security is vital to your network to protect wireless communication between wireless clients, access points and the wired network. Wireless security methods available on the Router are data encryption, wireless client authentication, restricting access by device MAC address and hiding the Router identity. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 253 Appendix D Wireless LANs The following figure shows the relative effectiveness of these wireless security methods available on your Router. Table 96 Wireless Security Levels SECURITY LEVEL Least Secure SECURITY TYPE Unique SSID (Default) Unique SSID with Hide SSID Enabled MAC Address Filtering WEP Encryption IEEE802.1x EAP with RADIUS Server Authentication Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) WPA2 Most Secure Note: You must enable the same wireless security settings on the Router and on all wireless clients that you want to associate with it. IEEE 802.1x In June 2001, the IEEE 802.1x standard was designed to extend the features of IEEE 802.11 to support extended authentication as well as providing additional accounting and control features. It is supported by Windows XP and a number of network devices. Some advantages of IEEE 802.1x are:

User based identification that allows for roaming. Support for RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial In User Service, RFC 2138, 2139) for centralized user profile and accounting management on a network RADIUS server. Support for EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol, RFC 2486) that allows additional authentication methods to be deployed with no changes to the access point or the wireless clients. RADIUS RADIUS is based on a client-server model that supports authentication, authorization and accounting. The access point is the client and the server is the RADIUS server. The RADIUS server handles the following tasks:

Authentication Determines the identity of the users. Authorization Determines the network services available to authenticated users once they are connected to the network. Accounting Keeps track of the clients network activity. 254 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Appendix D Wireless LANs RADIUS is a simple package exchange in which your AP acts as a message relay between the wireless client and the network RADIUS server. Types of RADIUS Messages The following types of RADIUS messages are exchanged between the access point and the RADIUS server for user authentication:

Access-Request Sent by an access point requesting authentication. Access-Reject Sent by a RADIUS server rejecting access. Access-Accept Sent by a RADIUS server allowing access. Access-Challenge Sent by a RADIUS server requesting more information in order to allow access. The access point sends a proper response from the user and then sends another Access-Request message. The following types of RADIUS messages are exchanged between the access point and the RADIUS server for user accounting:

Accounting-Request Sent by the access point requesting accounting. Accounting-Response Sent by the RADIUS server to indicate that it has started or stopped accounting. In order to ensure network security, the access point and the RADIUS server use a shared secret key, which is a password, they both know. The key is not sent over the network. In addition to the shared key, password information exchanged is also encrypted to protect the network from unauthorized access. Types of EAP Authentication This section discusses some popular authentication types: EAP-MD5, EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS, PEAP and LEAP. Your wireless LAN device may not support all authentication types. EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) is an authentication protocol that runs on top of the IEEE 802.1x transport mechanism in order to support multiple types of user authentication. By using EAP to interact with an EAP-compatible RADIUS server, an access point helps a wireless station and a RADIUS server perform authentication. The type of authentication you use depends on the RADIUS server and an intermediary AP(s) that supports IEEE 802.1x. For EAP-TLS authentication type, you must first have a wired connection to the network and obtain the certificate(s) from a certificate authority (CA). A certificate (also called digital IDs) can be used to authenticate users and a CA issues certificates and guarantees the identity of each certificate owner. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 255 Appendix D Wireless LANs EAP-MD5 (Message-Digest Algorithm 5) MD5 authentication is the simplest one-way authentication method. The authentication server sends a challenge to the wireless client. The wireless client proves that it knows the password by encrypting the password with the challenge and sends back the information. Password is not sent in plain text. However, MD5 authentication has some weaknesses. Since the authentication server needs to get the plaintext passwords, the passwords must be stored. Thus someone other than the authentication server may access the password file. In addition, it is possible to impersonate an authentication server as MD5 authentication method does not perform mutual authentication. Finally, MD5 authentication method does not support data encryption with dynamic session key. You must configure WEP encryption keys for data encryption. EAP-TLS (Transport Layer Security) With EAP-TLS, digital certifications are needed by both the server and the wireless clients for mutual authentication. The server presents a certificate to the client. After validating the identity of the server, the client sends a different certificate to the server. The exchange of certificates is done in the open before a secured tunnel is created. This makes user identity vulnerable to passive attacks. A digital certificate is an electronic ID card that authenticates the senders identity. However, to implement EAP-TLS, you need a Certificate Authority (CA) to handle certificates, which imposes a management overhead. EAP-TTLS (Tunneled Transport Layer Service) EAP-TTLS is an extension of the EAP-TLS authentication that uses certificates for only the server-

side authentications to establish a secure connection. Client authentication is then done by sending username and password through the secure connection, thus client identity is protected. For client authentication, EAP-TTLS supports EAP methods and legacy authentication methods such as PAP, CHAP, MS-CHAP and MS-CHAP v2. PEAP (Protected EAP) Like EAP-TTLS, server-side certificate authentication is used to establish a secure connection, then use simple username and password methods through the secured connection to authenticate the clients, thus hiding client identity. However, PEAP only supports EAP methods, such as EAP-MD5, EAP-MSCHAPv2 and EAP-GTC (EAP-Generic Token Card), for client authentication. EAP-GTC is implemented only by Cisco. LEAP LEAP (Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol) is a Cisco implementation of IEEE 802.1x. Dynamic WEP Key Exchange The AP maps a unique key that is generated with the RADIUS server. This key expires when the wireless connection times out, disconnects or reauthentication times out. A new WEP key is generated each time reauthentication is performed. 256 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Appendix D Wireless LANs If this feature is enabled, it is not necessary to configure a default encryption key in the wireless security configuration screen. You may still configure and store keys, but they will not be used while dynamic WEP is enabled. Note: EAP-MD5 cannot be used with Dynamic WEP Key Exchange For added security, certificate-based authentications (EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS and PEAP) use dynamic keys for data encryption. They are often deployed in corporate environments, but for public deployment, a simple user name and password pair is more practical. The following table is a comparison of the features of authentication types. Table 97 Comparison of EAP Authentication Types EAP-TLS Yes Yes Yes Yes Strong Hard No Mutual Authentication Certificate Client Certificate Server Dynamic Key Exchange Credential Integrity Deployment Difficulty Client Identity Protection EAP-MD5 No No No No None Easy No EAP-TTLS Yes Optional Yes Yes Strong Moderate Yes PEAP Yes Optional Yes Yes Strong Moderate Yes LEAP Yes No No Yes Moderate Moderate No WPA and WPA2 Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) is a subset of the IEEE 802.11i standard. WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i) is a wireless security standard that defines stronger encryption, authentication and key management than WPA. Key differences between WPA or WPA2 and WEP are improved data encryption and user authentication. If both an AP and the wireless clients support WPA2 and you have an external RADIUS server, use WPA2 for stronger data encryption. If you don't have an external RADIUS server, you should use WPA2-PSK (WPA2-Pre-Shared Key) that only requires a single (identical) password entered into each access point, wireless gateway and wireless client. As long as the passwords match, a wireless client will be granted access to a WLAN. If the AP or the wireless clients do not support WPA2, just use WPA or WPA-PSK depending on whether you have an external RADIUS server or not. Select WEP only when the AP and/or wireless clients do not support WPA or WPA2. WEP is less secure than WPA or WPA2. Encryption WPA improves data encryption by using Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP), Message Integrity Check (MIC) and IEEE 802.1x. WPA2 also uses TKIP when required for compatibility reasons, but offers stronger encryption than TKIP with Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) in the Counter mode with Cipher block chaining Message authentication code Protocol (CCMP). TKIP uses 128-bit keys that are dynamically generated and distributed by the authentication server. AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) is a block cipher that uses a 256-bit mathematical algorithm NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 257 Appendix D Wireless LANs called Rijndael. They both include a per-packet key mixing function, a Message Integrity Check

(MIC) named Michael, an extended initialization vector (IV) with sequencing rules, and a re-keying mechanism. WPA and WPA2 regularly change and rotate the encryption keys so that the same encryption key is never used twice. The RADIUS server distributes a Pairwise Master Key (PMK) key to the AP that then sets up a key hierarchy and management system, using the PMK to dynamically generate unique data encryption keys to encrypt every data packet that is wirelessly communicated between the AP and the wireless clients. This all happens in the background automatically. The Message Integrity Check (MIC) is designed to prevent an attacker from capturing data packets, altering them and resending them. The MIC provides a strong mathematical function in which the receiver and the transmitter each compute and then compare the MIC. If they do not match, it is assumed that the data has been tampered with and the packet is dropped. By generating unique data encryption keys for every data packet and by creating an integrity checking mechanism (MIC), with TKIP and AES it is more difficult to decrypt data on a Wi-Fi network than WEP and difficult for an intruder to break into the network. The encryption mechanisms used for WPA(2) and WPA(2)-PSK are the same. The only difference between the two is that WPA(2)-PSK uses a simple common password, instead of user-specific credentials. The common-password approach makes WPA(2)-PSK susceptible to brute-force password-guessing attacks but its still an improvement over WEP as it employs a consistent, single, alphanumeric password to derive a PMK which is used to generate unique temporal encryption keys. This prevent all wireless devices sharing the same encryption keys. (a weakness of WEP) User Authentication WPA and WPA2 apply IEEE 802.1x and Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) to authenticate wireless clients using an external RADIUS database. WPA2 reduces the number of key exchange messages from six to four (CCMP 4-way handshake) and shortens the time required to connect to a network. Other WPA2 authentication features that are different from WPA include key caching and pre-authentication. These two features are optional and may not be supported in all wireless devices. Key caching allows a wireless client to store the PMK it derived through a successful authentication with an AP. The wireless client uses the PMK when it tries to connect to the same AP and does not need to go with the authentication process again. Pre-authentication enables fast roaming by allowing the wireless client (already connecting to an AP) to perform IEEE 802.1x authentication with another AP before connecting to it. Wireless Client WPA Supplicants A wireless client supplicant is the software that runs on an operating system instructing the wireless client how to use WPA. At the time of writing, the most widely available supplicant is the WPA patch for Windows XP, Funk Software's Odyssey client. The Windows XP patch is a free download that adds WPA capability to Windows XP's built-in "Zero Configuration" wireless client. However, you must run Windows XP to use it. 258 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Appendix D Wireless LANs WPA(2) with RADIUS Application Example To set up WPA(2), you need the IP address of the RADIUS server, its port number (default is 1812), and the RADIUS shared secret. A WPA(2) application example with an external RADIUS server looks as follows. "A" is the RADIUS server. "DS" is the distribution system. 1 2 3 4 The AP passes the wireless client's authentication request to the RADIUS server. The RADIUS server then checks the user's identification against its database and grants or denies network access accordingly. A 256-bit Pairwise Master Key (PMK) is derived from the authentication process by the RADIUS server and the client. The RADIUS server distributes the PMK to the AP. The AP then sets up a key hierarchy and management system, using the PMK to dynamically generate unique data encryption keys. The keys are used to encrypt every data packet that is wirelessly communicated between the AP and the wireless clients. Figure 169 WPA(2) with RADIUS Application Example WPA(2)-PSK Application Example A WPA(2)-PSK application looks as follows. 1 2 3 First enter identical passwords into the AP and all wireless clients. The Pre-Shared Key (PSK) must consist of between 8 and 63 ASCII characters or 64 hexadecimal characters (including spaces and symbols). The AP checks each wireless client's password and allows it to join the network only if the password matches. The AP and wireless clients generate a common PMK (Pairwise Master Key). The key itself is not sent over the network, but is derived from the PSK and the SSID. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 259 Appendix D Wireless LANs 4 The AP and wireless clients use the TKIP or AES encryption process, the PMK and information exchanged in a handshake to create temporal encryption keys. They use these keys to encrypt data exchanged between them. Figure 170 WPA(2)-PSK Authentication Security Parameters Summary Refer to this table to see what other security parameters you should configure for each authentication method or key management protocol type. MAC address filters are not dependent on how you configure these security features. Table 98 Wireless Security Relational Matrix AUTHENTICATION METHOD/ KEY MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL Open ENCRYPTIO N METHOD None No ENTER MANUAL KEY Open Shared WPA WPA-PSK WPA2 WPA2-PSK Antenna Overview WEP WEP TKIP/AES TKIP/AES TKIP/AES TKIP/AES No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes IEEE 802.1X Disable Enable without Dynamic WEP Key Enable with Dynamic WEP Key Enable without Dynamic WEP Key Disable Enable with Dynamic WEP Key Enable without Dynamic WEP Key Disable Enable Disable Enable Disable An antenna couples RF signals onto air. A transmitter within a wireless device sends an RF signal to the antenna, which propagates the signal through the air. The antenna also operates in reverse by capturing RF signals from the air. 260 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Positioning the antennas properly increases the range and coverage area of a wireless LAN. Appendix D Wireless LANs Antenna Characteristics Frequency An antenna in the frequency of 2.4GHz or 5GHz is needed to communicate efficiently in a wireless LAN Radiation Pattern A radiation pattern is a diagram that allows you to visualize the shape of the antennas coverage area. Antenna Gain Antenna gain, measured in dB (decibel), is the increase in coverage within the RF beam width. Higher antenna gain improves the range of the signal for better communications. For an indoor site, each 1 dB increase in antenna gain results in a range increase of approximately 2.5%. For an unobstructed outdoor site, each 1dB increase in gain results in a range increase of approximately 5%. Actual results may vary depending on the network environment. Antenna gain is sometimes specified in dBi, which is how much the antenna increases the signal power compared to using an isotropic antenna. An isotropic antenna is a theoretical perfect antenna that sends out radio signals equally well in all directions. dBi represents the true gain that the antenna provides. Types of Antennas for WLAN There are two types of antennas used for wireless LAN applications. Omni-directional antennas send the RF signal out in all directions on a horizontal plane. The coverage area is torus-shaped (like a donut) which makes these antennas ideal for a room environment. With a wide coverage area, it is possible to make circular overlapping coverage areas with multiple access points. Directional antennas concentrate the RF signal in a beam, like a flashlight does with the light from its bulb. The angle of the beam determines the width of the coverage pattern. Angles typically range from 20 degrees (very directional) to 120 degrees (less directional). Directional antennas are ideal for hallways and outdoor point-to-point applications. Positioning Antennas In general, antennas should be mounted as high as practically possible and free of obstructions. In point-topoint application, position both antennas at the same height and in a direct line of sight to each other to attain the best performance. For omni-directional antennas mounted on a table, desk, and so on, point the antenna up. For omni-directional antennas mounted on a wall or ceiling, point the antenna down. For a single AP application, place omni-directional antennas as close to the center of the coverage area as possible. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 261 Appendix D Wireless LANs For directional antennas, point the antenna in the direction of the desired coverage area. 262 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide APPENDIX E Common Services The following table lists some commonly-used services and their associated protocols and port numbers. For a comprehensive list of port numbers, ICMP type/code numbers and services, visit the IANA (Internet Assigned Number Authority) web site. Name: This is a short, descriptive name for the service. You can use this one or create a different one, if you like. Protocol: This is the type of IP protocol used by the service. If this is TCP/UDP, then the service uses the same port number with TCP and UDP. If this is USER-DEFINED, the Port(s) is the IP protocol number, not the port number. Port(s): This value depends on the Protocol. Please refer to RFC 1700 for further information about port numbers. If the Protocol is TCP, UDP, or TCP/UDP, this is the IP port number. If the Protocol is USER, this is the IP protocol number. Description: This is a brief explanation of the applications that use this service or the situations in which this service is used. Table 99 Commonly Used Services NAME AH

(IPSEC_TUNNEL) AIM/New-ICQ PROTOCOL User-Defined TCP AUTH BGP BOOTP_CLIENT BOOTP_SERVER CU-SEEME DNS TCP TCP UDP UDP TCP UDP TCP/UDP ESP

(IPSEC_TUNNEL) User-Defined FINGER FTP H.323 TCP TCP TCP TCP PORT(S) 51 5190 113 179 68 67 7648 24032 53 50 79 20 21 1720 DESCRIPTION The IPSEC AH (Authentication Header) tunneling protocol uses this service. AOLs Internet Messenger service. It is also used as a listening port by ICQ. Authentication protocol used by some servers. Border Gateway Protocol. DHCP Client. DHCP Server. A popular videoconferencing solution from White Pines Software. Domain Name Server, a service that matches web names (for example www.zyxel.com) to IP numbers. The IPSEC ESP (Encapsulation Security Protocol) tunneling protocol uses this service. Finger is a UNIX or Internet related command that can be used to find out if a user is logged on. File Transfer Program, a program to enable fast transfer of files, including large files that may not be possible by e-mail. NetMeeting uses this protocol. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 263 Appendix E Common Services Table 99 Commonly Used Services (continued) NAME HTTP PROTOCOL TCP PORT(S) 80 443 1 4000 2 500 6667 1863 5190 144 2049 119 HTTPS ICMP TCP User-Defined ICQ IGMP (MULTICAST) UDP User-Defined UDP TCP/UDP TCP TCP TCP UDP TCP IKE IRC MSN Messenger NEW-ICQ NEWS NFS NNTP PING POP3 PPTP User-Defined 1 TCP TCP 110 1723 PPTP_TUNNEL

(GRE) User-Defined 47 RCMD REAL_AUDIO TCP TCP REXEC RLOGIN RTELNET RTSP TCP TCP TCP TCP/UDP SFTP TCP 512 7070 514 513 107 554 115 DESCRIPTION Hyper Text Transfer Protocol - a client/

server protocol for the world wide web. HTTPS is a secured http session often used in e-commerce. Internet Control Message Protocol is often used for diagnostic or routing purposes. This is a popular Internet chat program. Internet Group Management Protocol is used when sending packets to a specific group of hosts. The Internet Key Exchange algorithm is used for key distribution and management. This is another popular Internet chat program. Microsoft Networks messenger service uses this protocol. An Internet chat program. A protocol for news groups. Network File System - NFS is a client/

server distributed file service that provides transparent file sharing for network environments. Network News Transport Protocol is the delivery mechanism for the USENET newsgroup service. Packet INternet Groper is a protocol that sends out ICMP echo requests to test whether or not a remote host is reachable. Post Office Protocol version 3 lets a client computer get e-mail from a POP3 server through a temporary connection (TCP/IP or other). Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol enables secure transfer of data over public networks. This is the control channel. PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) enables secure transfer of data over public networks. This is the data channel. Remote Command Service. A streaming audio service that enables real time sound over the web. Remote Execution Daemon. Remote Login. Remote Telnet. The Real Time Streaming (media control) Protocol (RTSP) is a remote control for multimedia on the Internet. Simple File Transfer Protocol. 264 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Table 99 Commonly Used Services (continued) NAME SMTP PROTOCOL TCP PORT(S) 25 SNMP SNMP-TRAPS SQL-NET TCP/UDP TCP/UDP TCP SSH STRM WORKS SYSLOG TACACS TELNET TCP/UDP UDP UDP UDP TCP TFTP UDP 161 162 1521 22 1558 514 49 23 69 VDOLIVE TCP 7000 Appendix E Common Services DESCRIPTION Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is the message-exchange standard for the Internet. SMTP enables you to move messages from one e-mail server to another. Simple Network Management Program. Traps for use with the SNMP (RFC:1215). Structured Query Language is an interface to access data on many different types of database systems, including mainframes, midrange systems, UNIX systems and network servers. Secure Shell Remote Login Program. Stream Works Protocol. Syslog allows you to send system logs to a UNIX server. Login Host Protocol used for (Terminal Access Controller Access Control System). Telnet is the login and terminal emulation protocol common on the Internet and in UNIX environments. It operates over TCP/

IP networks. Its primary function is to allow users to log into remote host systems. Trivial File Transfer Protocol is an Internet file transfer protocol similar to FTP, but uses the UDP (User Datagram Protocol) rather than TCP (Transmission Control Protocol). Another videoconferencing solution. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 265 Appendix E Common Services 266 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide APPENDIX F Legal Information Copyright Copyright 2012 by ZyXEL Communications Corporation. The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any part or as a whole, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, translated into any language, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, photocopying, manual, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of ZyXEL Communications Corporation. Published by ZyXEL Communications Corporation. All rights reserved. Disclaimer ZyXEL does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any products, or software described herein. Neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the patent rights of others. ZyXEL further reserves the right to make changes in any products described herein without notice. This publication is subject to change without notice. Certifications Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Interference Statement The device complies with Part 15 of FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:

This device may not cause harmful interference. This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operations. This device has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This device generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy, and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this device does cause harmful interference to radio/television reception, which can be determined by turning the device off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

1 2 Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 267 Appendix F Legal Information 3 4 Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. FCC Radiation Exposure Statement This transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. IEEE 802.11b or 802.11g operation of this product in the U.S.A. is firmware-limited to channels 1 through 11. To comply with FCC RF exposure compliance requirements, a separation distance of at least 20 cm must be maintained between the antenna of this device and all persons.

Notices Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment. This device has been designed for the WLAN 2.4 GHz network throughout the EC region and Switzerland, with restrictions in France. This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003. Cet appareil numrique de la classe B est conforme la norme NMB-003 du Canada. Industry Canada Statement This device complies with RSS-210 of the Industry Canada Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:

1 this device may not cause interference and 268 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Appendix F Legal Information 2 this device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device This device has been designed to operate with an antenna having a maximum gain of 2dBi. Antenna having a higher gain is strictly prohibited per regulations of Industry Canada. The required antenna impedance is 50 ohms. To reduce potential radio interference to other users, the antenna type and its gain should be so chosen that the EIRP is not more than required for successful communication. IC Radiation Exposure Statement:

This equipment complies with IC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment. This equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance 20cm between the radiator & your body. Viewing Certifications 1 Go to http://www.zyxel.com. 2 3 Select your product on the ZyXEL home page to go to that product's page. Select the certification you wish to view from this page. ZyXEL Limited Warranty ZyXEL warrants to the original end user (purchaser) that this product is free from any defects in material or workmanship for a specific period (the Warranty Period) from the date of purchase. The Warranty Period varies by region. Check with your vendor and/or the authorized ZyXEL local distributor for details about the Warranty Period of this product. During the warranty period, and upon proof of purchase, should the product have indications of failure due to faulty workmanship and/or materials, ZyXEL will, at its discretion, repair or replace the defective products or components without charge for either parts or labor, and to whatever extent it shall deem necessary to restore the product or components to proper operating condition. Any replacement will consist of a new or re-manufactured functionally equivalent product of equal or higher value, and will be solely at the discretion of ZyXEL. This warranty shall not apply if the product has been modified, misused, tampered with, damaged by an act of God, or subjected to abnormal working conditions. Note Repair or replacement, as provided under this warranty, is the exclusive remedy of the purchaser. This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, express or implied, including any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular use or purpose. ZyXEL shall in no event be held liable for indirect or consequential damages of any kind to the purchaser. To obtain the services of this warranty, contact your vendor. You may also refer to the warranty policy for the region in which you bought the device at http://www.zyxel.com/web/

support_warranty_info.php. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 269 Appendix F Legal Information Registration Register your product online to receive e-mail notices of firmware upgrades and information at www.zyxel.com. Open Source Licenses This product contains in part some free software distributed under GPL license terms and/or GPL like licenses. Open source licenses are provided with the firmware package. You can download the latest firmware at www.zyxel.com. To obtain the source code covered under those Licenses, please contact support@zyxel.com.tw to get it. Regulatory Information European Union The following information applies if you use the product within the European Union. Declaration of Conformity with Regard to EU Directive 1999/5/EC (R&TTE Directive) Compliance Information for 2.4GHz and 5GHz Wireless Products Relevant to the EU and Other Countries Following the EU Directive 1999/5/EC (R&TTE Directive)

[Czech]

[Danish]

[German]

[Estonian]

English

[Spanish]

[Greek]

[French]

[Italian]

[Latvian]

[Lithuanian]

[Dutch]

ZyXEL tmto prohlauje, e tento zazen je ve shod se zkladnmi poadavky a dalmi pslunmi ustanovenmi smrnice 1999/5/EC. Undertegnede ZyXEL erklrer herved, at flgende udstyr udstyr overholder de vsentlige krav og vrige relevante krav i direktiv 1999/5/EF. Hiermit erklrt ZyXEL, dass sich das Gert Ausstattung in bereinstimmung mit den grundlegenden Anforderungen und den brigen einschlgigen Bestimmungen der Richtlinie 1999/5/EU befindet. Kesolevaga kinnitab ZyXEL seadme seadmed vastavust direktiivi 1999/5/E phinuetele ja nimetatud direktiivist tulenevatele teistele asjakohastele stetele. Hereby, ZyXEL declares that this equipment is in compliance with the essential requirements and other relevant provisions of Directive 1999/5/EC. Por medio de la presente ZyXEL declara que el equipo cumple con los requisitos esenciales y cualesquiera otras disposiciones aplicables o exigibles de la Directiva 1999/5/CE. ZyXEL 1999/5/C. Par la prsente ZyXEL dclare que l'appareil quipements est conforme aux exigences essentielles et aux autres dispositions pertinentes de la directive 1999/5/EC. Con la presente ZyXEL dichiara che questo attrezzatura conforme ai requisiti essenziali ed alle altre disposizioni pertinenti stabilite dalla direttiva 1999/5/CE. Ar o ZyXEL deklar, ka iekrtas atbilst Direktvas 1999/5/EK btiskajm prasbm un citiem ar to saisttajiem noteikumiem. iuo ZyXEL deklaruoja, kad is ranga atitinka esminius reikalavimus ir kitas 1999/5/EB Direktyvos nuostatas. Hierbij verklaart ZyXEL dat het toestel uitrusting in overeenstemming is met de essentile eisen en de andere relevante bepalingen van richtlijn 1999/5/EC. 270 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Appendix F Legal Information

[Maltese]

[Hungarian]

[Polish]

[Portuguese]

[Slovenian]

[Slovak]

[Finnish]

[Swedish]

[Bulgarian]

[Icelandic]

[Norwegian]

[Romanian]

Hawnhekk, ZyXEL, jiddikjara li dan tagmir jikkonforma mal-tiijiet essenzjali u ma provvedimenti orajn relevanti li hemm fid-Dirrettiva 1999/5/EC. Alulrott, ZyXEL nyilatkozom, hogy a berendezs megfelel a vonatkoz alapvet kvetelmnyeknek s az 1999/5/EK irnyelv egyb elrsainak. Niniejszym ZyXEL owiadcza, e sprzt jest zgodny z zasadniczymi wymogami oraz pozostaymi stosownymi postanowieniami Dyrektywy 1999/5/EC. ZyXEL declara que este equipamento est conforme com os requisitos essenciais e outras disposies da Directiva 1999/5/EC. ZyXEL izjavlja, da je ta oprema v skladu z bistvenimi zahtevami in ostalimi relevantnimi doloili direktive 1999/5/EC. ZyXEL tmto vyhlasuje, e zariadenia spa zkladn poiadavky a vetky prslun ustanovenia Smernice 1999/5/EC. ZyXEL vakuuttaa tten ett laitteet tyyppinen laite on direktiivin 1999/5/EY oleellisten vaatimusten ja sit koskevien direktiivin muiden ehtojen mukainen. Hrmed intygar ZyXEL att denna utrustning str I verensstmmelse med de vsentliga egenskapskrav och vriga relevanta bestmmelser som framgr av direktiv 1999/5/EC. ZyXEL , 1999/5/C. Hr me lsir, ZyXEL v yfir a essi bnaur er samrmi vi grunnkrfur og nnur vieigandi kvi tilskipunar 1999/5/EC. Erklrer herved ZyXEL at dette utstyret er I samsvar med de grunnleggende kravene og andre relevante bestemmelser I direktiv 1999/5/EF. Prin prezenta, ZyXEL declar c acest echipament este n conformitate cu cerinele eseniale i alte prevederi relevante ale Directivei 1999/5/EC. National Restrictions This product may be used in all EU countries (and other countries following the EU directive 1999/

5/EC) without any limitation except for the countries mentioned below:

Ce produit peut tre utilis dans tous les pays de lUE (et dans tous les pays ayant transposs la directive 1999/5/CE) sans aucune limitation, except pour les pays mentionns ci-dessous:

Questo prodotto utilizzabile in tutte i paesi EU (ed in tutti gli altri paesi che seguono le direttive EU 1999/5/EC) senza nessuna limitazione, eccetto per i paesii menzionati di seguito:

Das Produkt kann in allen EU Staaten ohne Einschrnkungen eingesetzt werden (sowie in anderen Staaten die der EU Direktive 1995/5/CE folgen) mit Aunahme der folgenden aufgefhrten Staaten:

In the majority of the EU and other European countries, the 2, 4- and 5-GHz bands have been made available for the use of wireless local area networks (LANs). Later in this document you will find an overview of countries inwhich additional restrictions or requirements or both are applicable. The requirements for any country may evolve. ZyXEL recommends that you check with the local authorities for the latest status of their national regulations for both the 2,4- and 5-GHz wireless LANs. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 271 Appendix F Legal Information The following countries have restrictions and/or requirements in addition to those given in the table labeled Overview of Regulatory Requirements for Wireless LANs:. Overview of Regulatory Requirements for Wireless LANs Frequency Band (MHz) Max Power Level

(EIRP)1 (mW) 100 200 1000 Indoor ONLY Indoor and Outdoor V V V 2400-2483.5 5150-5350 5470-5725 Belgium The Belgian Institute for Postal Services and Telecommunications (BIPT) must be notified of any outdoor wireless link having a range exceeding 300 meters. Please check http://www.bipt.be for more details. Draadloze verbindingen voor buitengebruik en met een reikwijdte van meer dan 300 meter dienen aangemeld te worden bij het Belgisch Instituut voor postdiensten en telecommunicatie (BIPT). Zie http://www.bipt.be voor meer gegevens. Les liaisons sans fil pour une utilisation en extrieur dune distance suprieure 300 mtres doivent tre notifies lInstitut Belge des services Postaux et des Tlcommunications (IBPT). Visitez http://www.ibpt.be pour de plus amples dtails. Denmark In Denmark, the band 5150 - 5350 MHz is also allowed for outdoor usage. I Danmark m frekvensbndet 5150 - 5350 ogs anvendes udendrs. France For 2.4 GHz, the output power is restricted to 10 mW EIRP when the product is used outdoors in the band 2454 - 2483.5 MHz. There are no restrictions when used indoors or in other parts of the 2.4 GHz band. Check http://www.arcep.fr/ for more details. Pour la bande 2.4 GHz, la puissance est limite 10 mW en p.i.r.e. pour les quipements utiliss en extrieur dans la bande 2454 - 2483.5 MHz. Il n'y a pas de restrictions pour des utilisations en intrieur ou dans d'autres parties de la bande 2.4 GHz. Consultez http://www.arcep.fr/ pour de plus amples dtails. R&TTE 1999/5/EC WLAN 2.4 2.4835 GHz IEEE 802.11 b/g/n Location Frequency Range(GHz) Indoor (No restrictions) Outdoor 2.4 2.4835 2.4 2.454 2.454 2.4835 Power (EIRP) 100mW (20dBm) 100mW (20dBm) 10mW (10dBm) Italy This product meets the National Radio Interface and the requirements specified in the National Frequency Allocation Table for Italy. Unless this wireless LAN product is operating within the 272 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Appendix F Legal Information boundaries of the owner's property, its use requires a general authorization. Please check http://

www.sviluppoeconomico.gov.it/ for more details. Questo prodotto conforme alla specifiche di Interfaccia Radio Nazionali e rispetta il Piano Nazionale di ripartizione delle frequenze in Italia. Se non viene installato all 'interno del proprio fondo, l'utilizzo di prodotti Wireless LAN richiede una Autorizzazione Generale. Consultare http://

www.sviluppoeconomico.gov.it/ per maggiori dettagli. Latvia The outdoor usage of the 2.4 GHz band requires an authorization from the Electronic Communications Office. Please check http://www.esd.lv for more details. 2.4 GHz frekvenu joslas izmantoanai rpus telpm nepiecieama atauja no Elektronisko sakaru direkcijas. Vairk informcijas: http://www.esd.lv. Notes:

1. Although Norway, Switzerland and Liechtenstein are not EU member states, the EU Directive 1999/5/EC has also been implemented in those countries. 2. The regulatory limits for maximum output power are specified in EIRP. The EIRP level (in dBm) of a device can be calculated by adding the gain of the antenna used(specified in dBi) to the output power available at the connector (specified in dBm). List of national codes COUNTRY Austria Belgium Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg ISO 3166 2 LETTER CODE COUNTRY ISO 3166 2 LETTER CODE AT BE CY CR DK EE FI FR DE GR HU IE IT LV LT LU Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden United Kingdom Iceland Liechtenstein Norway Switzerland Bulgaria Romania Turkey MT NL PL PT SK SI ES SE GB IS LI NO CH BG RO TR Safety Warnings Do NOT use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming pool. Do NOT expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids. Do NOT store things on the device. Do NOT install, use, or service this device during a thunderstorm. There is a remote risk of electric shock from lightning. Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 273 Appendix F Legal Information Do NOT open the device or unit. Opening or removing covers can expose you to dangerous high voltage points or other risks. ONLY qualified service personnel should service or disassemble this device. Please contact your vendor for further information. Make sure to connect the cables to the correct ports. Place connecting cables carefully so that no one will step on them or stumble over them. Always disconnect all cables from this device before servicing or disassembling. Use ONLY an appropriate power adaptor or cord for your device. Connect the power adaptor or cord to the right supply voltage (for example, 110V AC in North America or 230V AC in Europe). Do NOT allow anything to rest on the power adaptor or cord and do NOT place the product where anyone can walk on the power adaptor or cord. Do NOT use the device if the power adaptor or cord is damaged as it might cause electrocution. If the power adaptor or cord is damaged, remove it from the power outlet. Do NOT attempt to repair the power adaptor or cord. Contact your local vendor to order a new one. Do not use the device outside, and make sure all the connections are indoors. There is a remote risk of electric shock from lightning. Do NOT obstruct the device ventilation slots, as insufficient airflow may harm your device. Antenna Warning! This device meets ETSI and FCC certification requirements when using the included antenna(s). Only use the included antenna(s). If you wall mount your device, make sure that no electrical lines, gas or water pipes will be damaged. Your product is marked with this symbol, which is known as the WEEE mark. WEEE stands for Waste Electronics and Electrical Equipment. It means that used electrical and electronic products should not be mixed with general waste. Used electrical and electronic equipment should be treated separately. 274 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Index Index certifications 267 notices 268 viewing 269 Channel 66, 75 channel 104, 251 interference 251 Configuration restore 186 content filtering 159 by keyword (in URL) 159 by web feature 159 Cookies 161 copyright 267 CPU usage 67, 75, 81 CTS (Clear to Send) 252 D Daylight saving 184 DDNS 147 see also Dynamic DNS service providers 147 DHCP 47, 137 DHCP server see also Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP server 134, 137 DHCP table 47 DHCP client information DHCP status disclaimer 267 DNS 139 DNS Server 120 DNS server 139 documentation related 2 Domain Name System 139 Domain Name System. See DNS. duplex setting 67, 75, 82 Dynamic DNS 147 275 A ActiveX 160 Address Assignment 120 Advanced Encryption Standard See AES. AES 257 alternative subnet mask notation 213 antenna directional 261 gain 261 omni-directional 261 AP 15 AP (access point) 251 AP Mode menu 76 status screen 74, 80 AP+Bridge 15 Auto-bridge 130, 131 B Bandwidth management overview 163 priority 165 services 169 Basic Service Set, See BSS 249 BitTorrent 169 Bridge/Repeater 15 bridged APs, security 106 BSS 249 C CA 256 Certificate Authority See CA. NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Index Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol 137 dynamic WEP key exchange 256 DynDNS 147 DynDNS see also DDNS 147 E EAP Authentication 255 encryption 105, 257 key 105 WPA compatible 105 ESS 250 ESSID 195 Extended Service Set, See ESS 250 F FCC interference statement 267 File Transfer Program 169 Firewall ICMP packets 157 Firmware upload 184 file extension using HTTP firmware version 66, 74, 80 fragmentation threshold 252 FTP. see also File Transfer Program 169 G General wireless LAN screen 106 Guide Quick Start 2 H hidden node 251 HTTP 169 Hyper Text Transfer Protocol 169 I IANA 218 IBSS 249 IEEE 802.11g 253 IGMP 121 see also Internet Group Multicast Protocol version IGMP version 121 Independent Basic Service Set See IBSS 249 initialization vector (IV) 258 Internet Assigned Numbers Authority See IANA 218 Internet Group Multicast Protocol 121 IP Address 135, 142, 143 IP alias 134 IP Pool 137 J Java 160 L LAN 133 IP pool setup 134 LAN overview 133 LAN setup 133 LAN TCP/IP 134 Language 187 Link type 67, 75, 81 Local Area Network 133 M MAC 110 MAC address 104, 120 cloning 120 MAC address filter 104 MAC address filtering 110 276 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Index MAC filter 110 managing the device good habits 16 using the web configurator. See web configurator. using the wireless switch. using the WPS. See WPS. MBSSID 15 Media access control 110 Memory usage 67, 75, 81 Message Integrity Check (MIC) 257 mode 15 Multicast 121 IGMP 121 N NAT 141, 142, 218 how it works 141 overview 141 see also Network Address Translation NAT Traversal 173 Navigation Panel 68, 76 navigation panel 68, 76 Network Address Translation 141, 142 O Operating Channel 66, 75 operating mode 15 other documentation 2 P local server 143 port speed 67, 75, 82 PPPoE 123 dial-up connection PPTP 125 preamble mode 253 product registration 270 PSK 258 Q Quality of Service (QoS) 113 Quick Start Guide 2 R RADIUS 254 message types 255 messages 255 shared secret key 255 registration product 270 related documentation 2 Remote management and NAT 170 limitations 170 system timeout 171 Reset button 43 Reset the device 43 Restore configuration 186 RIP 153 Roaming 111 RTS (Request To Send) 252 threshold 251, 252 P2P 169 Pairwise Master Key (PMK) 258, 259 peer-to-peer 169 Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet 123 Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol 125 Pool Size 138 Port forwarding 143 default server 142 RTS/CTS Threshold 104, 111, 112 S safety warnings 273 Scheduling 116 Service and port numbers 158, 168 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 277 Index Service Set 61, 106 Service Set IDentification 61, 106 Service Set IDentity. See SSID. Session Initiated Protocol 169 SIP 169 SSID 61, 66, 75, 81, 104, 106 Static DHCP 138 Static Route 149 Status 65 subnet 211 Subnet Mask 135, 136 subnet mask 212 subnetting 214 Summary DHCP table 47 Packet statistics 48 Wireless station status 49 System General Setup 181 System restart 187 T TCP/IP configuration 137 Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) 257 Time setting 183 trigger port 144 Trigger port forwarding 144 example 146 process 146 U Universal Plug and Play 173 Application 173 Security issues 174 UPnP 173 URL Keyword Blocking 161 User Name 148 V VoIP 169 VPN 125 W WAN (Wide Area Network) 119 WAN advanced 130 WAN MAC address 120 warranty 269 note 269 Web Configurator how to access 39 Overview 39 web configurator 16 Web Proxy 161 WEP Encryption 84, 109, 110 WEP encryption 108 WEP key 108 Wi-Fi Protected Access 257 Wireless association list 49 wireless channel 195 wireless client WPA supplicants 258 wireless LAN 195 wireless LAN scheduling 116 Wireless network basic guidelines 103 channel 104 encryption 105 example 103 MAC address filter 104 overview 103 security 104 SSID 104 Wireless security 104 overview 104 type 104 wireless security 195, 253 wireless switch 16 Wireless tutorial 89 WPS 89 Wizard setup 29 WLAN 278 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide Index interference 251 security parameters 260 World Wide Web 169 WPA 257 key caching 258 pre-authentication 258 user authentication 258 vs WPA-PSK 258 wireless client supplicant 258 with RADIUS application example 259 WPA compatible 105 WPA2 257 user authentication 258 vs WPA2-PSK 258 wireless client supplicant 258 with RADIUS application example 259 WPA2-Pre-Shared Key 257 WPA2-PSK 257, 258 application example 259 WPA-PSK 257, 258 application example 259 WPS 16 WWW 169 X Xbox Live 169 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide 279 Index 280 NBG-419N v2 Users Guide