300NDualBand WirelessLANUSBModule UserManual Version:1.0
(OCT.,2012) I COPYRIGHT Copyright2011/2012bythiscompany.Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthis publicationmaybereproduced,transmitted,transcribed,storedinaretrieval system,ortranslatedintoanylanguageorcomputerlanguage,inanyformorbyany means,electronic,mechanical,magnetic,optical,chemical,manualorotherwise, withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthiscompany. Thiscompanymakesnorepresentationsorwarranties,eitherexpressedorimplied, withrespecttothecontentshereofandspecificallydisclaimsanywarranties, merchantabilityorfitnessforanyparticularpurpose.Anysoftwaredescribedinthis manualissoldorlicensed"asis".Shouldtheprogramsprovedefectivefollowing theirpurchase,thebuyer(andnotthiscompany,itsdistributor,oritsdealer) assumestheentirecostofallnecessaryservicing,repair,andanyincidental orconsequentialdamagesresultingfromanydefectinthesoftware.Further, thiscompanyreservestherighttorevisethispublicationandtomakechangesfrom timetotimeinthecontentsthereofwithoutobligationtonotifyanypersonofsuch revisionorchanges. II FederalCommunicationCommission InterferenceStatement ThisequipmenthasbeentestedandfoundtocomplywiththelimitsforaClassB digitaldevice,pursuanttoPart15ofFCCRules.Theselimitsaredesignedtoprovide reasonableprotectionagainstharmfulinterferenceinaresidentialinstallation.This equipmentgenerates,uses,andcanradiateradiofrequencyenergyand,ifnot installedandusedinaccordancewiththeinstructions,maycauseharmful interferencetoradiocommunications. However,thereisnoguaranteethat interferencewillnotoccurinaparticularinstallation.Ifthisequipmentdoescause harmfulinterferencetoradioortelevisionreception,whichcanbedeterminedby turningtheequipmentoffandon,theuserisencouragedtotrytocorrectthe interferencebyoneormoreofthefollowingmeasures:
1. Reorientorrelocatethereceivingantenna. 2. 3. Connecttheequipmentintoanoutletonacircuitdifferentfromthattowhich Increasetheseparationbetweentheequipmentandreceiver. thereceiverisconnected. 4. Consultthedealeroranexperiencedradiotechnicianforhelp. FCCCaution Thisdeviceanditsantennamustnotbecolocatedoroperatinginconjunctionwith anyotherantennaortransmitter. ThisdevicecomplieswithPart15oftheFCCRules.Operationissubjecttothe followingtwoconditions:(1)thisdevicemaynotcauseharmfulinterference,and(2) thisdevicemustacceptanyinterferencereceived,includinginterferencethat maycauseundesiredoperation. Anychangesormodificationsnotexpresslyapprovedbythepartyresponsible forcompliancecouldvoidtheauthoritytooperateequipment. III Statement TheequipmentversionmarketedinUSisrestrictedtousageofthechannels111 only. Thisdeviceisgoingtobeoperatedin5.15~5.25GHzfrequencyrange,itis restrictedinindoorenvironmentonly. IMPORTANTNOTE:
FCCRadiationExposureStatement:
ThisequipmentcomplieswithFCCradiationexposurelimitssetforthforan uncontrolledenvironment.Thisequipmentshouldbeinstalledandoperatedwith minimumdistance20cmbetweentheradiator&yourbody. IMPORTANTNOTE:
ThismoduleisintendedforOEMintegrator.TheOEMintegratorisstillresponsible fortheFCCcompliancerequirementoftheendproduct,whichintegratesthis module. 20cmminimumdistancehastobeabletobemaintainedbetweentheantenna andtheusersforthehostthismoduleisintegratedinto.Undersuchconfiguration, theFCCradiationexposurelimitssetforthforan population/uncontrolledenvironmentcanbesatisfied. Anychangesormodificationsnotexpresslyapprovedbythe manufacturercouldvoidtheuser'sauthoritytooperatethisequipment. IV USERSMANUALOFTHEENDPRODUCT:
Intheusersmanualoftheendproduct,theenduserhastobeinformedtokeepat least20cmseparationwiththeantennawhilethisendproductis installedandoperated.TheenduserhastobeinformedthattheFCC radiofrequencyexposureguidelinesforanuncontrolledenvironmentcanbe satisfied.Theenduserhastoalsobeinformedthatanychangesormodificationsnot expresslyapprovedbythemanufacturercouldvoidtheuser'sauthoritytooperate thisequipment.Ifthesizeoftheendproductissmallerthan8x10cm,thenadditional FCCpart15.19statementisrequiredtobeavailableintheusersmanual:This devicecomplieswithPart15ofFCCrules.Operationissubjecttothefollowing twoconditions:(1)thisdevicemaynotcauseharmfulinterferenceand(2)thisdevice mustacceptanyinterferencereceived,includinginterferencethatmaycause undesiredoperation. LABELOFTHEENDPRODUCT:
Thefinalendproductmustbelabeledinavisibleareawiththefollowing"Contains TXFCCID:LNQ802RUN".Ifthesizeoftheendproductislargerthan8x10cm,then thefollowingFCCpart15.19statementhastoalsobeavailableonthelabel: This devicecomplieswithPart15ofFCCrules.Operationissubjecttothefollowing twoconditions:(1)thisdevicemaynotcauseharmfulinterferenceand(2)thisdevice mustacceptanyinterferencereceived,includinginterferencethatmaycause undesiredoperation. V R&TTEComplianceStatement ThisequipmentcomplieswithalltherequirementsofDIRECTIVE1999/5/ECOFTHE EUROPEANPARLIAMENTANDTHECOUNCILofMarch9,1999onradioequipment andtelecommunicationterminalEquipmentandthemutualrecognitionof theirconformity(R&TTE) TheR&TTEDirectiverepealsandreplacesinthedirective98/13/EEC
(TelecommunicationsTerminalEquipmentandSatelliteEarthStationEquipment)As ofApril8,2000. Safety Thisequipmentisdesignedwiththeutmostcareforthesafetyofthosewhoinstall anduseit.However,specialattentionmustbepaidtothedangersofelectricshock andstaticelectricitywhenworkingwithelectricalequipment.Allguidelinesofthis andofthecomputermanufacturemustthereforebeallowedatalltimestoensure thesafeuseoftheequipment. EUCountriesIntendedforUse TheETSIversionofthisdeviceisintendedforhomeandofficeuseinAustria,Belgium, Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,the Netherlands,Portugal,Spain,Sweden,andtheUnitedKingdom. TheETSIversionofthisdeviceisalsoauthorizedforuseinEFTAmemberstates:
Iceland,Liechtenstein,Norway,andSwitzerland. EUCountriesNotintendedforuse None. VI CATALOG ChapterI:ProductInformation .....................................................................1 11Introductionandsafetyinformation ...............................................................1 12SafetyInformation ...........................................................................................2 13SystemRequirements ......................................................................................3 14FamiliarwithyournewwirelessnetworkModule ..........................................4 CHAPTERII: DriverInstallationandConfiguration ......................................5 21NetworkModuleInstallation...........................................................................5 22NetworkModuleDriverInstallation................................................................6 23Glossary............................................................................................................9 VII ChapterI:ProductInformation 11Introductionandsafetyinformation Thankyouforpurchasingthishighspeedwirelessdualbandnetwork module!Thisnetworkmodulecanoperatein2.4GHzor5GHzwireless network.Exceptingcommonwirelessstandards802.11a/b/g,this wirelessnetworkmoduleisalsoabletoaccess802.11nwireless networksdatatransferrateis300Mbps,andthatssixtimesfasterthan 802.11gwirelessnetwork!
WitheasytoinstallUSB2.0interfaceaverycommonexpansionport ofcomputersplugthiswirelessnetworkmoduleintoanyemptyUSB portofyourcomputer,justthatsimple!
Otherfeaturesofthisrouterincluding:
IEEE802.11a/b/g/ncompatible. Hightransferdatarateupto300Mbps. SupportWMMwirelessQoSfeature. Support64/128bitWEP,WPA,WPA2withIEEE802.1xfunctions forhighlevelofsecurity. Supportthemostpopularoperatingsystem:Windows XP/Vista/7. SupportWPS(WiFiProtectedSetup)hardwarebuttonfor easyconnection. SupportsoftwareAPfunction. SupportUSB2.0/1.1interface. Portableandtinysizedesign. GreenPowerSaving:itsupportsthesmarttransmit powercontrolandautoidlestateadjustment. 1 12SafetyInformation Inordertokeepthesafetyofusersandyourproperties,pleasefollow thefollowingsafetyinstructions:
1.ThisUSBwirelessnetworkmoduleisdesignedforinternalboxuseonly. DONOTexposethisnetworkmoduletodirectsunlight,rain,orsnow. 2.DONOTputthisnetworkmoduleatornearhotorhumidplaces,like kitchenorbathroom.Also,donotleftthiswirelessnetworkmodulein thecarinsummer. 3.Thisnetworkmoduleissmallenoughtoputinachildsmouth, anditcouldcauseseriousinjuryorcouldbefatal.Iftheythrowthe networkmodule,themodulewillbedamaged.PLEASEKEEPTHIS NETWORKMODULEOUTTHEREACHOFCHILDREN!
4.Thisnetworkmodulewillbecomehotwhenbeingusedforlongtime
(Thisisnormalandisnotamalfunction).DONOTputthenetwork moduleonapaper,cloth,orotherflammableobjectsafterthenetwork modulehasbeenusedforalongtime. 5.Theresnouserserviceablepartinsidethenetworkmodule.Ifyou foundthatthenetworkmoduleisnotworkingproperly,pleasecontact yourdealerofpurchaseandaskforhelp.DONOTdisassemblethe networkmoduleanddevicebyyourself,warrantywillbevoid. 6.Ifthenetworkmodulefallsintowater,DONOTUSEITAGAINBEFORE YOUSENDTHEMODULETOTHEDEALEROFPURCHASEFOR INSPECTION. 7.Ifyousmellsomethingstrangeorevenseesomesmokecomingout fromthenetworkmodule,switchthedeviceoffimmediately,andcall dealerofpurchaseforhelp. 2 13SystemRequirements AnemptyUSB2.0port(MaynotbeableworkwithUSB1.1port, andperformancewillbegreatlyreduced) Operatingsystem:Linux 3 14FamiliarwithyournewwirelessnetworkModule 1. USBConnector 2. Link/ActivityLED 3. RFConnectorx2 3 1 Color Green Green Green LEDName RadioOff RadioOn
(NoLink) RadioOn
(LinktoAPor Router) 2 LightStatus Off Off Slowblinking On Blinking Description WirelessLANfunctionisdisabled. NolinktowirelessAPorRouter Transmittingmanagementinformation. LinktowirelessAPorRouter Transmittingdataormanagement information.IfuseractivatesWPSmode
(holdWPSbuttonfor3seconds),theLED willbestillblinking. 4 CHAPTERII: DriverInstallationandConfiguration 21NetworkModuleInstallation Pleasefollowthefollowinginstructionstoinstallyournewwireless networkmodule:
1. InserttheUSBwirelessmoduleintoanemptyUSB2.0portofyour devicewhendeviceisswitchedon.Neveruseforcetoinsertthe module,ifyoufeelitsstuck,flipthemoduleoverandtryagain. 5 22NetworkModuleDriverInstallation Introduction Inthisdocument,weintroducetwowaystocompileandinstallourWiFidriver:1) Usinginstall.shscriptforPCLinuxand2)Stepbystepmanually.Theformertargetsfor end users who are not familiar with Linux system, while the later for engineers who wanttoportourWiFidriverontodifferentplatforms. 221.Usinginstall.shScriptforPCLinux FordrivercompilationandinstallationinPCLinux,weprovideaninstall.shscriptto dothedutiesautomatically.IfyouwanttouseourWiFisolutionstoaccessnetworkon PCLinux,youcanjustruninstall.shscriptandthencontrolWiFiwithutilitiessuchas NetworkManager.ForfurtherinformationaboutWiFistationmode,pleasereferto:
document/Quick_Start_Guide_for_Station_Mode.pdf. If you want to apply our WiFi solutions on other embedded platforms, you shouldreadandcheckthefollowingparagraphs. 222.Decompressthedriversourcetarball Thedriversourcetarballislocatedinthedriverfolderofoursoftwarepackage.For example,todecompressrtl8188C_8192C_8192D_usb_linux_v3.3.0_2920.20111123.tar.gz:
root@driver/#tarzxvfrtl8188C_8192C_8192D_usb_linux_v3.3.0_2920.20111123.tar.gz2 6 23.SelectingChipTypewithmake_drvScript(forcompoundrelease) Our driver source release has two types: 1) single release, which can build out driveronlyforsinglechiptype,and2)compoundrelease,whichcanbuildoutdriversfor multiplechiptypesseparately. Forcompoundreleasedriver,youwillseemake_drvscriptafteryoudecompress thedrivertarballlocatedindriverfolder.Beforecompilingdriversource,executingthe make_drvtoselectthetargetchiptypetocompile.Forexample:
root@rtl8188C_8192C_8192D_usb_linux_v3.3.0_2920.20111123#./make_drv Pleaseselectchiptype(1/2):
1)RTL8192cu 2)RTL8192du
#?1 YouhaveselectedRTL8192cu 24.CompilationSettingsinMakefile 24.1.AddingorSelectingTargetPlatform ThedefaulttargetplatformisPCLinux,ifyoudonotwanttocompiledriverfor otherplatformsyoucanskipthissection. To add or select target platform for compilation, we provide two sections in Makefile: 1) platform selection section and 2) platform setting section. First, you shouldlookattheplatformselectionsectionofMakefile:
CONFIG_PLATFORM_I386_PC=y CONFIG_PLATFORM_ANDROID_X86=n CONFIG_PLATFORM_ARM_S3C2K4=n CONFIG_PLATFORM_ARM_PXA2XX=n CONFIG_PLATFORM_ARM_S3C6K4=n CONFIG_PLATFORM_MIPS_RMI=n CONFIG_PLATFORM_RTD2880B=n CONFIG_PLATFORM_MIPS_AR9132=n CONFIG_PLATFORM_MT53XX=n CONFIG_PLATFORM_RTK_DMP=n TheplatformselectionsectionconsistsofentrieswithCONFIG_PLATFORM_prefix. Onlyoneentryisallowedtobesetwithvalueyandotherswithn.The3 7 CONFIG_PLATFORM_I386_PCisselectedbydefault. Wecanselectanexistingentryoraddanewentryforyourtargetplatform.For example,toaddandselectanewentry,CONFIG_PLATFORM_NEW:
CONFIG_PLATFORM_I386_PC=n CONFIG_PLATFORM_NEW=y Second,youshouldcreateand/ormodifythecorrespondingentryinsideplatform settingsection.Forexample,addingthefollowingentryinplatformsettingsectionfor CONFIG_PLATFORM_NEWwejustadd:
ifeq($(CONFIG_PLATFORM_NEW),y) EXTRA_CFLAGS+=DCONFIG_LITTLE_ENDIAN ARCH:=arm CROSS_COMPILE:=/opt/new/toolchain/armeabi4.4.3/bin/armeabi KSRC:=/opt/new/kernel endif 2.4.2.PlatformSettingSectioninDetail EXTRA_CFLAGS TheEXTRA_CFLAGSisusually usedtocarrysomeadditionalsettings atcompilationtimethroughmacro definitions.Macro CONFIG_BIG_ENDIAN Effect CONFIG_LITTLE_ENDIAN CONFIG_MINIMAL_MEMORY_USAGE CONFIG_PLATFORM_ANDROID Definesomeinternaldatastructureasbig endian. Definesomeinternaldatastructureaslittle endian. Forbetterperformanceinpowerfulplatform, weallocatelargephysicalcontinuousmemory asTX/RXIObuffers.Insome embeddedplatform,thereischancetofailto allocatememory.Definethismacrotoprevent thissituation. OlderAndroidkerneldonothas CONFIG_ANDROIDdefined.Definethismacro toforcetheAndroidcorrespondingcodeinside ourdrivertobecompiled.Fornewer Androidkernel,ithasnoneedtodefinethis macro,otherwise,warningmessageabout redefinitionwillshowup 8 23Glossary 1. WhatistheIEEE802.11gstandard?
802.11gisthenewIEEEstandardforhighspeedwireless LANcommunicationsthatprovidesforupto54Mbpsdataratein the2.4GHzband.802.11gisquicklybecomingthenextmainstream wirelessLANtechnologyforthehome,officeandpublicnetworks. 802.11gdefinestheuseofthesameOFDMmodulationtechnique specifiedinIEEE802.11aforthe5GHzfrequencybandandapplies itinthesame2.4GHzfrequencybandasIEEE802.11b.The802.11g standardrequiresbackwardcompatibilitywith802.11b. Thestandardspecificallycallsfor:
A. Anewphysicallayerforthe802.11MediumAccessControl(MAC) inthe2.4GHzfrequencyband,knownastheextendedratePHY
(ERP).TheERPaddsOFDMasamandatorynewcodingscheme for6,12and24Mbps(mandatoryspeeds),and18,36,48and54 Mbps(optionalspeeds).TheERPincludesthemodulation schemesfoundin802.11bincludingCCKfor11and5.5Mbps andBarkercodemodulationfor2and1Mbps. B. AprotectionmechanismcalledRTS/CTSthatgovernshow 802.11gdevicesand802.11bdevicesinteroperate. 2. WhatistheIEEE802.11bstandard?
TheIEEE802.11bWirelessLANstandardsubcommittee,which formulatesthestandardfortheindustry.Theobjectiveistoenable wirelessLANhardwarefromdifferentmanufactures tocommunicate. 3. WhatdoesIEEE802.11featuresupport?
TheproductsupportsthefollowingIEEE802.11functions:
CSMA/CAplusAcknowledgeProtocol MultiChannelRoaming AutomaticRateSelection RTS/CTSFeature Fragmentation PowerManagement 4. WhatisAdhoc?
AnAdhocintegratedwirelessLANisagroupofcomputers,each hasaWirelessLANmodule,Connectedasanindependentwireless LAN.AdhocwirelessLANisapplicableatadepartmentalscalefora 9 branchorSOHOoperation. 5. WhatisInfrastructure?
AnintegratedwirelessandwirelessandwiredLANiscalledan Infrastructureconfiguration.Infrastructureisapplicableto enterprisescaleforwirelessaccesstocentraldatabase,orwireless applicationformobileworkers. AspecificAdhocLANiscalledaBasicServiceSet(BSS).Computers inaBSSmustbeconfiguredwiththesameBSSID. 6. WhatisBSSID?
7. WhatisWEP?
WEPisWiredEquivalentPrivacy,adataprivacymechanism basedona40bitsharedkeyalgorithm,asdescribedintheIEEE 802.11standard. 8. WhatisTKIP?
TKIPisaquickfixmethodtoquicklyovercometheinherent weaknessesinWEPsecurity,especiallythereuseofencryptionkeys. TKIPisinvolvedintheIEEE802.11iWLANsecuritystandard,andthe specificationmightbeofficiallyreleasedbyearly2003. 9. WhatisAES?
AES(AdvancedEncryptionStandard),achipbasedsecurity,has beendevelopedtoensurethehighestdegreeofsecurity andauthenticityfordigitalinformation,wherever andhowevercommunicatedorstored,whilemakingmoreefficient useofhardwareand/orsoftwarethanpreviousencryption standards.ItisalsoincludedinIEEE802.11istandard.Comparewith AES,TKIPisatemporaryprotocolforreplacingWEPsecurityuntil manufacturersimplementAESatthehardwarelevel. 10. CanWirelessproductssupportprintersharing?
WirelessproductsperformthesamefunctionasLANproducts. Therefore,WirelessproductscanworkwithNetware,Windows 2000,orotherLANoperatingsystemstosupportprinterorfile sharing. 11. Wouldtheinformationbeinterceptedwhiletransmittingonair?
WLANfeaturestwofoldprotectioninsecurity.Onthehardware side,aswithDirectSequenceSpreadSpectrumtechnology,ithas theinherentsecurityfeatureofscrambling.Onthesoftwareside, WLANseriesoffertheencryptionfunction(WEP)toenhance securityandAccessControl.Userscansetitupdependingupon theirneeds. 10 12. WhatisDSSS?WhatisFHSS?Andwhataretheirdifferences?
13. WhatisSpreadSpectrum?
Frequencyhoppingspreadspectrum(FHSS)usesa narrowbandcarrierthatchangesfrequencyinapatternthatis knowntobothtransmitterandreceiver.Properlysynchronized,the neteffectistomaintainasinglelogicalchannel.Toan unintendedreceiver,FHSSappearstobeshortdurationimpulse noise.Directsequencespreadspectrum(DSSS)generatesa redundantbitpatternforeachbittobetransmitted.Thisbitpattern iscalledachip(orchippingcode).Thelongerthechipis,thegreater theprobabilitythattheoriginaldatacanberecovered.Evenifone ormorebitsinthechiparedamagedduringtransmission,statistical techniquesembeddedintheradiocanrecovertheoriginaldata withouttheneedforretransmission.Toanunintendedreceiver, DSSSappearsaslowpowerwidebandnoiseandisrejected(ignored) bymostnarrowbandreceivers. SpreadSpectrumtechnologyisawidebandradiofrequency techniquedevelopedbythemilitaryforuseinreliable,secure, missioncriticalcommunicationsystems.Itisdesignedtotradeoff bandwidthefficiencyforreliability,integrity,andsecurity.Inother words,morebandwidthisconsumedthaninthecaseof narrowbandtransmission,butthetradeoffproducesasignalthatis, ineffect,louderandthuseasiertodetect,providedthatthe receiverknowstheparametersofthespreadspectrumsignalbeing broadcast.Ifareceiverisnottunedtotherightfrequency,a spreadspectrumsignallookslikebackgroundnoise.Therearetwo mainalternatives,DirectSequenceSpreadSpectrum(DSSS) andFrequencyHoppingSpreadSpectrum(FHSS). WPSstandsforWiFiProtectedSetup.Itprovidesasimplewayto establishunencryptedorencryptedconnectionsbetween wirelessclientsandaccesspointautomatically.Usercanpressa softwareorhardwarebuttontoactivateWPSfunction, andWPScompatiblewirelessclientsandaccesspointwill establishconnectionbythemselves.TherearetwotypesofWPS:
PBC(PushButtonConfiguration)andPINcode. 14. WhatisWPS?
11