FCC ID: NOODAS819A-4 In Building Repeater - Remote Access Unit

 

TM LGCell Wireless Networking System Version 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E This manual is produced for use by LGC Wireless personnel, licensees, and customers. The information contained herein is the property of LGC Wireless. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without the express written permission of LGC Wireless. LGC Wireless reserves the right to make changes, without notice, to the specifications and materials contained herein, and shall not be responsible for any damages caused by reliance on the material as presented, including, but not limited to, typographical and listing errors. Your comments are welcome they help us improve our products and documentation. Please address your comments to LGC Wireless, Inc. corporate headquarters in San Jose, California:

Address 2540 Junction Avenue San Jose, California 95134-1902 USA Attn: Marketing Dept. Phone Fax 1-408-952-2400 1-408-952-2410 Help Hot Line 1-800-530-9960 (U.S. only)

+1-408-952-2400 (International) Web Address http://www.lgcwireless.com e-mail info@lgcwireless.com service@lgcwireless.com Copyright 2001-2002 by LGC Wireless, Inc. Printed in USA. All rights reserved. Trademarks All trademarks identified by or are trademarks or registered trademark of LGC Wireless, Inc. All other trademarks belong to their respective owners. LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Limited Warranty Seller warrants articles of its manufacture against defective materials or workmanship for a period of one year from the date of shipment to Purchaser, except as provided in any warranty applicable to Purchaser on or in the package containing the Goods (which warranty takes precedence over the following warranty). The liability of Seller under the foregoing warranty is limited, at Sellers option, solely to repair or replacement with equivalent Goods, or an appropriate adjustment not to exceed the sales price to Purchaser, provided that (a) Seller is notified in writing by Purchaser, within the one year warranty period, promptly upon discovery of defects, with a detailed description of such defects, (b) Purchaser has obtained a Return Materials Authorization (RMA) from Seller, which RMA Seller agrees to provide Purchaser promptly upon request, (c) the defective Goods are returned to Seller, transportation and other applicable charges prepaid by the Purchaser, and (d) Sellers examination of such Goods discloses to its reasonable satisfaction that defects were not caused by negligence, misuse, improper installation, improper maintenance, accident or unauthorized repair or alteration or any other cause outside the scope of Purchasers warranty made hereunder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Seller shall have the option to repair any defective Goods at Purchasers facility. The original warranty period for any Goods that have been repaired or replaced by seller will not thereby be extended. In addition, all sales will be subject to standard terms and conditions on the sales contract. PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Table of Contents SECTION 1 General Information . 1-1

. 1-2

. 1-3

. 1-4

. 1-6

. 1-6 1.1 Purpose and Scope 1.2 Conventions in this Manual 1.3 Acronyms in this Manual 1.4 Standards Conformance 1.5 Related Publications SECTION 2 LGCell 4.0 System Description . 2-1 2.1 System Overview . 2-2

. 2-5 2.2 System Operation

. 2-6 2.2.1 Using LGCell to Increase Coverage and Capacity 2.2.2 Using LGCell to Increase Coverage, Capacity, and Functionality

. 2-7 2.2.3 Using LGCell to Simultaneously Support Multiple Bands/Protocols 2.3 System Bandwidths 2.3.1 800 MHz and 900 MHz Systems 2.3.2 1800 MHz and 1900 MHz Systems 2.4 System Specifications 2.4.1 Physical Specifications 2.4.2 Environmental Specifications 2.4.3 Alarm LEDs

. 2-8

. 2-11

. 2-11

. 2-12

. 2-14

. 2-14

. 2-15

. 2-15 SECTION 3 3.1.1 MMF Downlink/Uplink Ports 3.1.2 Main Hub LED Indicators 3.2 LGCell Main Hub Rear Panel LGCell Main Hub . 3-1

. 3-2 3.1 LGCell Main Hub Front Panel

. 3-3

. 3-4

. 3-5

. 3-6 3.3 LGCell Main Hub Alarm . 3-8 3.4 LGCell Main Hub Specifications

. 3-9 3.2.1 Main Hub Rear Panel Connectors PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual i SECTION 4 SECTION 5 LGCell Expansion Hub . 4-1

. 4-2 4.1 LGCell Expansion Hub Front Panel

. 4-3 4.1.1 MMF Downlink/Uplink Port

. 4-4 4.1.2 RJ-45 Ports

. 4-5 4.1.3 Expansion Hub LED Indicators 4.2 LGCell Expansion Hub Rear Panel

. 4-6 4.3 LGCell Expansion Hub Alarm . 4-6 4.4 LGCell Expansion Hub Specifications

. 4-7 5.1.1 Remote Access Unit LED Indicators LGCell Remote Access Unit . 5-1

. 5-2 5.1 LGCell Remote Access Unit Connectors

. 5-4 5.2 LGCell Remote Access Unit Alarm . 5-5 5.3 LGCell Remote Access Unit Specifications

. 5-6

. 5-8 5.4 Choosing Passive Antennas 6.1 Managing an LGCell Project SECTION 6 Managing and Planning an LGCell Project . 6-1

. 6-2

. 6-3

. 6-5

. 6-7

. 6-8

. 6-9 6.3 Installation Checklist 6.4 System Optimization and Commissioning 6.2 Planning an LGCell Installation 6.1.1 Project Management Responsibilities 6.2.1 Site Survey Questionnaire SECTION 7 Designing an LGCell Solution . 7-1 7.1 Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU . 7-3

. 7-15 7.2 Estimating RF Coverage

. 7-16 7.2.1 Path Loss Equation

. 7-17 7.2.2 Path Loss Slope 7.2.3 Coverage Distance

. 7-18

. 7-23 7.2.4 Example Design Estimate

. 7-25

. 7-26

. 7-27

. 7-28

. 7-29 7.3.1 System Gain (Loss) Relative to MMF Cable Length 7.3.2 System Gain (Loss) Relative to UTP/STP Cable Length 7.4 Link Budget Analysis 7.3 System Gain 7.4.1 Elements of a Link Budget for Narrowband Standards 7.4.2 Narrowband Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell Application 7.4.3 Elements of a Link Budget for CDMA Standards 7.4.4 Spread Spectrum Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell

. 7-31

. 7-33 Application 7.4.5 Considerations for Re-Radiation (over-the-air) Systems

. 7-36

. 7-40 ii LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E 7.5 Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station 7.5.1 Attenuation 7.5.2 Uplink Attenuation

. 7-41

. 7-42

. 7-43 7.5.2.1 Uplink Attenuation Exception: CDMA . 7-44 7.6 Designing for a Neutral Host System . 7-45 7.6.1 Capacity of the LGCell Neutral Host System . 7-45 7.6.2 Example LGCell Neutral Host System . 7-46 SECTION 8 Installation Requirements and Safety Precautions . 8-1

. 8-2 8.1 Installation Requirements

. 8-2

. 8-2

. 8-3

. 8-4

. 8-4

. 8-5

. 8-6 8.2.1 Underwriters Laboratory Installation Guidelines 8.2.2 General Safety Precautions 8.2.3 Fiber Port Safety Precautions 8.1.1 Cable and Connector Requirements 8.1.2 Neutral Host System Requirements 8.1.3 Distance Requirements 8.2 Safety Precautions SECTION 9 Installing the LGCell . 9-1

. 9-2 9.1 Inspecting Shipment

. 9-3 9.2 Installing the Main Hub

. 9-3

. 9-4

. 9-5

. 9-9 9.2.1 Main Hub Installation Checklist 9.2.2 Tools and Materials Required to Install Main Hub 9.2.3 Main Hub Installation Procedures 9.2.4 Interfacing LGCell to Base Stations 9.2.4.1 Connecting Multiple LGCell Systems to a 9.3 Installing the Expansion Hub Base Station . 9-14 9.2.5 Reporting LGCell Alarms to a Base Station

. 9-16 9.2.6 Installing Main Hubs in a Neutral Host System . 9-19

. 9-20

. 9-20 9.3.1 Expansion Hub Installation Checklist

. 9-20 9.3.2 Tools and Materials Required to Install Expansion Hub 9.3.3 Expansion Hub Installation Procedures

. 9-21 9.3.4 Installing Expansion Hubs in a Neutral Host System . 9-27

. 9-28

. 9-28 9.4.1 Remote Access Unit Installation Checklist 9-28 9.4.2 Tools and Materials Required to Install Remote Access Unit 9.4.3 RAU Installation Procedures

. 9-29 9.4.4 Installing Remote Access Units in a Neutral Host System . 9-33 9.4 Installing the Remote Access Unit PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual iii SECTION 10 Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance . 10-1

. 10-1 10.1 Maintenance

. 10-2 10.2 Troubleshooting

. 10-3

. 10-4 10.2.2.1 LED Indicator Description . 10-4 10.2.2.2 Diagnostic Procedures . 10-5

. 10-9 10.2.1 Troubleshooting Guidelines 10.2.2 Troubleshooting Using the LED Indicators 10.3 Technical Assistance APPENDIX A Cables and Connectors . A-1

. A-2

. A-2

. A-3

. A-4 A.1 Coaxial Cable A.2 Multimode Fiber Cable A.3 Category 5 UTP/STP Cable A.4 5-port Daisy-Chain Alarm Cable B.1 LGCell System Approval Status APPENDIX B Compliance Information . B-1

. B-1

. B-1 B.1.1 800 MHz Cellular B.1.2 800 MHz iDEN . B-2 B.1.3 900 MHz EGSM/GSM . B-2 B.1.4 1800 MHz GSM . B-2 B.1.5 1900 MHz PCS

. B-3

. B-3 B.1.6 FCC Regulatory Notice

. B-3 B.1.7 Industry Canada Regulatory Notice

. B-4 B.2 Declaration of Conformity to Type B.3 IEC/EN 60825-2: Safe Use of Optical Fiber Communication Systems

. B-7 B.3.1 Description of LGCell System . B-7 B.3.2 Requirements under IEC 60825

. B-7

. B-8 B.3.3 Installation Notes B.3.4 Evaluation of LGC System . B-8

. B-9 B.3.5 Suggested Work Practices

. B-10 B.4 Human Exposure to RF APPENDIX C Frequently Asked Questions . C-1 APPENDIX D Glossary . D-1 iv LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E List of Figures

. 2-2 Figure 2-1 LGCell Components

. 2-3 Figure 2-2 LGCell System Block Diagram (Single Band)

. 2-6 Figure 2-3 Increasing Coverage with LGCell

. 2-6 Figure 2-4 Increasing Capacity and Coverage with LGCell

. 2-7 Figure 2-5 Increasing Coverage, Capacity, and Functionality with LGCell

. 2-9 Figure 2-6 Example Neutral Host Application

. 2-10 Figure 2-7 LGCell Neutral Host Configuration

. 3-1 Figure 3-1 The Main Hub in an LGCell 1-1-1 Configuration*

. 3-2 Figure 3-2 Front Panel of a Main Hub

. 3-3 Figure 3-3 MMF Downlink/Uplink Ports on the Main Hub

. 3-4 Figure 3-4 Main Hub Front Panel LEDs

. 3-5 Figure 3-5 Rear Panel of a Main Hub

. 3-6 Figure 3-6 N-type Female Connectors on the Main Hub

. 3-7 Figure 3-7 9-pin D-sub Connector on the Main Hub

. 3-8 Figure 3-8 Monitoring Main Hub Alarms from the BTS

. 4-1 Figure 4-1 The Expansion Hub in an LGCell 1-1-1 Configuration*

. 4-2 Figure 4-2 Front Panel of an Expansion Hub

. 4-3 Figure 4-3 MMF Downlink/Uplink Port on the Expansion Hub

. 4-4 Figure 4-4 RJ-45 Ports on the Expansion Hub

. 4-5 Figure 4-5 Expansion Hub Front Panel LEDs Figure 5-1 The Remote Access Unit in an LGCell 1-1-1 Configuration*

. 5-1 Figure 5-2 RJ-45 Port on a Single Band RAU . 5-2 Figure 5-3 RJ-45 Ports on LGCell Dual Band RAUs

. 5-2 Figure 5-4 SMA Connector on the Single Band RAU . 5-3 Figure 5-5 Block Diagram of the Dual Band RAUs

. 5-3

. 5-4 Figure 5-6 RAU LEDs Figure 7-1 Determining Path Loss between the Antenna and the Wireless Device 7-15

. 7-41 Figure 7-2 Connecting LGCell Main Hubs to a Simplex Base Station Figure 7-3 LGCell to Duplex Base Station or Repeater Connections

. 7-42

. 9-10 Figure 9-1 Simplex Base Station to LGCell Main Hub

. 9-11 Figure 9-2 Duplex Base Station to LGCell Main Hub PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual v Figure 9-3 Duplex Base Station to LGCell Main Hub Figure 9-4 Duplex Base Station to LGCell Main Hub Figure 9-5 Connecting Two LGCell Main Hubs using their Duplex Ports Figure 9-6 5-port Daisy-Chain Alarm Cable Figure A-1 Wiring Map for Cat-5 UTP Cable Figure A-2 5-port Daisy-Chain Alarm Cable

. 9-12

. 9-13

. 9-14

. 9-17

. A-3

. A-4 vi LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E List of Tables Bandwidths: 800 and 900 MHz Band Frequency of the DCS 1800 MHz LGCell Bandwidths: 1900 MHz PCS Table 2-1 Table 2-2 Table 2-3 Table 3-1 Main Hub LED Indicators Table 3-2 Main Hub Specifications Table 4-1 Table 4-2 Table 5-1 Table 5-2 Table 5-3 Table 6-1 Table 6-2 Table 7-1 Table 7-2 Table 7-3 Table 7-4 Table 7-5 Table 7-6 Table 7-7 Table 7-8 Table 7-9 Table 7-10 Table 7-11 Coaxial Cable Losses Table 7-12 Average Signal Loss of Common Building Materials Table 7-13 Estimated Path Loss Slope for Different In-Building Environments Table 7-14 Frequency Bands and the Value of the first Term in Equation (3) Table 7-15 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna

. 2-11

. 2-12

. 2-13

. 3-4

. 3-9

. 4-5

. 4-7

. 5-4

. 5-6

. 5-7

. 6-2

. 6-8

. 7-4

. 7-5

. 7-6

. 7-7

. 7-8

. 7-9

. 7-10

. 7-11

. 7-12

. 7-13

. 7-15

. 7-16

. 7-17

. 7-18 Expansion Hub LED Indicators Expansion Hub Specifications RAU LED Indicators RAU Specifications (Single Band Unless Indicated Otherwise) RF Frequency Project Management Estimated Timeline Installation Checklist 800 MHz Cellular Power per Carrier 800 MHz iDEN/CDMA Power per Carrier 900 MHz GSM or EGSM Power per Carrier 1800 MHz DCS (GSM) Power per Carrier 1800 MHz CDMA (Korea) Power per Carrier 1900 MHz PCS Power per Carrier 800 MHz CDMA and 900 MHz GSM Power per Carrier 800 MHz Cellular and 1900 MHz PCS Power per Carrier 900 MHz GSM or EGSM and 1800 MHz GSM Power per Carrier 1800/1800 MHz GSM Power per Carrier for 800 MHz Cellular Applications

. 7-19 Table 7-16 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 800 MHz iDEN Applications

. 7-19 PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual vii Table 7-17 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 900 MHz GSM Applications

. 7-20 Table 7-18 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 900 MHz EGSM Applications

. 7-20 Table 7-19 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 1800 MHz DCS Applications

. 7-21 Table 7-20 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 1800 MHz CDMA (Korea) Applications

. 7-21 Table 7-21 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 1900 MHz PCS Applications Table 7-22 System Gain when using Duplex/Simplex Ports Table 7-23 System Gain (Loss) Relative to UTP/STP Cable Length Table 7-24 LGCell Maximum Input Power Table 7-25 Link Budget Considerations for Narrowband Systems Table 7-26 Distribution of Power within a CDMA Signal Table 7-27 Additional Link Budget Considerations for CDMA Systems Table 8-1 Table 10-1 LGCell Equipment LED Indicators Table 10-2 LED Diagnostics Table B-1

. 7-22

. 7-25

. 7-27

. 7-28

. 7-29

. 7-33

. 7-34

. 8-3

. 10-4

. 10-5

. B-10 Peak 1-g SAR for RAU Models 850 and 1900 LGCell Distance Requirements viii LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E SECTION 1 General Information This section contains the following:

Section 1.1 Purpose and Scope . 1-2 Section 1.2 Conventions in this Manual . 1-3 Section 1.3 Acronyms in this Manual . 1-4 Section 1.4 Standards Conformance . 1-6 Section 1.5 Related Publications . 1-6 PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 1-1 General Information 1.1 Purpose and Scope This document describes the LGCellTM Distributed Antenna System and its installa-

tion. The following sections are included:

Section 2 LGCell 4.0 System Description Section 3 LGCell Main Hub Section 4 LGCell Expansion Hub Section 5 LGCell Remote Access Unit Section 6 Managing and Planning an LGCell Project Section 7 Designing an LGCell Solution Section 8 Installation Requirements and Safety Precautions Section 9 Installing the LGCell Section 10 Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance Appendix A Cables and Connectors Appendix B Compliance Information Appendix C Frequently Asked Questions Appendix D Glossary 1-2 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Conventions in this Manual 1.2 Conventions in this Manual The following table lists the type style conventions used in this manual. Convention bold BOLD CAPS Description Used for emphasis Used to indicate labels on equipment Measurements are listed first in metric units, followed by U.S. Customary System of units in parentheses. For example:

0 to 45C (32 to 113F) The following symbols are used to highlight certain information as described:

NOTE: This format is used to emphasize text with special significance or importance, and to provide supplemental information. CAUTION: This format is used when a given action or omitted action can cause or contribute to a hazardous condition. Damage to the equipment can occur. WARNING: This format is used when a given action or omitted action can result in catastrophic damage to the equipment or cause injury to the user. Procedure This format is used to highlight a procedure. PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 1-3 General Information 1.3 Acronyms in this Manual Acronym BDA BTS Cat-5 CDMA C/I CISP dB dBm DCS DL EGSM GHz GSM Hz iDEN IF LAN LED mA MBS MHz MMF MTBF NF nm PBX PCS PLL PLS RAU RF RSSI Definition bidirectional amplifier/repeater base transceiver station Category 5 (twisted pair cable) Code Division Multiple Access carrier to interface Certified Installation Service Provider decibel decibels relative to 1 milliwatt Digital Communications System downlink Extended Global Standard for Mobile Communications gigahertz Groupe Speciale Mobile (now translated in English as Global Standard for Mobile Communications) hertz Integrated Digital Enhanced Network (Motorola variant of TDMA wireless) intermediate frequency local area network light emitting diode milliamps microcellular base station megahertz multimode fiber mean time between failures noise figure nanometer private branch exchange Personal Communications System phase-locked loop path loss slope Remote Access Unit radio frequency received signal strength indicator 1-4 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Acronyms in this Manual Acronym SMA SNR ST STP TDMA TP UL UMTS UPS UTP WOS Definition sub-miniature A connector (coaxial cable connector type) signal-to-noise ratio straight tip (fiber optic cable connector type) shielded twisted pair Time Division Multiple Access twisted pair uplink; Underwriters Laboratories Universal Mobile Telecommunications System uninterruptable power supply unshielded twisted pair wireless office service PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 1-5 General Information 1.4 Standards Conformance Complies with industry standards for IS-19B/AMPS, J-STD-8, IS-136/TDMA, IS-95B/CDMA. Utilizes the TIA/EIA 568-A Ethernet cabling standards for ease of installation. Distributes signals over a buildings existing industry-standard cable infrastructure of multimode fiber (MMF) and unshielded twisted pair/shielded twisted pair

(UTP/STP) cable. See Appendix B for compliance information. 1.5 Related Publications MetroReach Focus Configuration, Installation, and Reference Manual; LGC Wire-

less part number 8500-10 ARM2000 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual; LGC Wireless part number 8305-10 LGC Wireless Complementary Products Catalog; LGC Wireless part number 8600-10 Neutral Host System Planning Guide; LGC Wireless part number 9000-10 1-6 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E SECTION 2 LGCell 4.0 System Description This section contains the following:

Section 2.1 System Overview . 2-2 Section 2.2 System Operation . 2-5 Section 2.3 System Bandwidths . 2-11 Section 2.4 System Specifications . 2-14 PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 2-1 LGCell 4.0 System Description 2.1 System Overview The LGCell acts as an extension of the outdoor, macrocellular network to provide RF signal coverage and capacity to places where the signals are not always available or adequate, such as inside a building, tunnel, subway, or other hard-to-reach locations. LGCell features:

Supports all cellular protocols. Provides uniform radio coverage. Distributes cellular signals through standard multimode fiber (MMF) and standard UTP/STP cables, which are found in most office buildings. Uses a double-star topology, which allows for easy, cost-effective growth of cov-

erage and capacity. The LGCell system consists of three components, as shown (from top to bottom) in the following figure:

Remote Access Unit Expansion Hub Main Hub Figure 2-1 LGCell Components 2-2 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E System Overview The following figure shows a block diagram of a single band LGCell system. Note that uplink and downlink RF and control signals for an RAU travel through one Cat-5 cable. Figure 2-2 LGCell System Block Diagram (Single Band) Main Hub Expansion Hub Remote Access Unit Multimode Fiber RF Processing O/E O/E Control Multimode Fiber r e t t i l p S r e t t i l p S Diagnostics E/O E/O E/O E/O E/O E/O E/O E/O Cat-5 Cat-5 Cat-5 Cat-5 RF Processing Control r e x e p u D l RF Processing Combiner RF Processing RF Processing r e t t i l p S From/To BTS or Repeater Control RF Processing Combiner Alarm Control Power Supply Power Supply EH/RAU PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-3 LGCell 4.0 System Description LGCell components are available in the following frequencies and protocols:

Single-Band Frequencies and Protocols 800 MHz Cellular 800 MHz iDEN 900 MHz GSM1 900 MHz EGSM1 1900 MHz PCS (4 band options) Dual-Band Frequencies and Protocols The Main Hubs and Expansion Hubs in a dual-band system each consist of two single-band hubs. The Dual Band RAUs contain electronics for two bands and have combined output ports. 800 MHz CDMA & 900 MHz GSM (China only) 800 MHz Cellular & 1900 MHz PCS 900 MHz GSM & 1800 MHz DCS 900 MHz EGSM & 1800 MHz DCS 1800 MHz DCS & 1800 MHz DCS 1. Approved for use with paging and two-way messaging in the U.S. and Canada. 2-4 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E System Operation 2.2 System Operation Downlink (Base Station/Repeater to Wireless Handsets) The LGCell systems Main Hub is usually installed in a 19 in. (483 mm) equip-

ment rack in a wiring closet or equipment room inside the facility where coverage will be provided. Coaxial cable is used to connect the Main Hub to a local base sta-

tion or to a repeater that is attached to a roof-top antenna. The Main Hub receives the incoming RF signals and splits them to feed four internal fiber optic transceiv-

ers that convert the RF signals to optical signals. The Main Hub transmits the opti-

cal signals over multimode fiber to up to four Expansion Hubs, which are usually installed in other telecom closets throughout the facility. WARNING: Exceeding the maximum input power could cause failure of the Main Hub (refer to Section 7.1 on page 7-3 for maximum power ratings). Attenuators may be required to limit the maximum composite power into the Main Hub. The Expansion Hub converts the optical signals back to electrical signals, which are then transmitted to up to four Remote Access Units (RAUs) over Cat-5 UTP/STP cabling. The Remote Access Unit receives the electrical signals from the Expansion Hub and transports the signals over a short coaxial cable to an attached passive antenna, which then transmits the RF signals to wireless handsets. Uplink (Wireless Handsets to Base Station) The passive antenna relays the RF signals from wireless handsets to the Remote Access Unit, which then transmits the signals to the Expansion Hub over Cat-5 UTP/STP cabling. The Expansion Hub converts the electrical signals to optical signals and transmits the signals to the Main Hub over MMF. The Main Hub converts the optical signals to the proper frequency band RF sig-

nals and sends them to a local base station or to a repeater that is connected to a roof-top antenna. PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-5 LGCell 4.0 System Description 2.2.1 Using LGCell to Increase Coverage and Capacity You can extend the outdoor, macrocellular network indoors by connecting the LGCell system to a repeater that is attached to a roof-top antenna. The following fig-

ure illustrates how the LGCell can be used to enhance in-building coverage. Figure 2-3 Increasing Coverage with LGCell Roof-top Antenna BTS Repeater Coaxial Cable In-Building Installation for Increased Coverage LGCell Main Hub Category 5 UTP/STP Cable Multimode Fiber LGCell Expansion Hub LGCell Expansion Hub LGCell Expansion Hub LGCell Expansion Hub RAU RAU RAU RAU RAU RAU RAU RAU RAU RAU RAU RAU RAU RAU RAU RAU Mobile Switching Center You can increase the number of users who are able to communicate through their wireless handheld devices by connecting an LGCell system to a local, centralized base station. In this configuration, the base station provides voice channel capacity and the LGCell provides coverage. Figure 2-4 Increasing Capacity and Coverage with LGCell T1/E1 Microcellular Base Station Coaxial Cable LGCell Main Hub Category 5 UTP/STP Cable In-Building Installation for Increased Capacity and Coverage Multimode Fiber RAU LGCell Expansion Hub LGCell Expansion Hub LGCell Expansion Hub LGCell Expansion Hub RAU RAU RAU RAU RAU RAU RAU RAU RAU RAU RAU RAU RAU RAU RAU 2-6 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E System Operation 2.2.2 Using LGCell to Increase Coverage, Capacity, and Functionality Interfacing the LGCell with a base station/PBX network gives wireless phone users PBX functionality through their wireless phones, anytime, anywhere. The following figure shows an example installation for wireless office service (WOS). Figure 2-5 Increasing Coverage, Capacity, and Functionality with LGCell Mobile Switching Center T1/E1 PBX Microcellular Base Station LGCell Main Hub Coaxial Cable Category 5 UTP/STP Cable In-Building Installation for Increased Coverage, Capacity, and Functionality Multimode Fiber LGCell Expansion Hub LGCell Expansion Hub LGCell Expansion Hub LGCell Expansion Hub RAU RAU RAU RAU RAU RAU RAU RAU RAU RAU RAU RAU RAU RAU RAU RAU With the LGCell/base station/PBX* solution, employees can use a wireless phone in place of a wireline desk phone to access the PBX while inside the building and use the same phone for wireless communications while outside the building. Employees can access PBX features such as four-digit dialing, call delivery, call forwarding, call-waiting, conferencing, and voice mail from their wireless phone. In this configuration, the base station private wireless network transmits RF signals indoors, and the macrocellular network takes over outdoors.

*Check with your PBX manufacturer/vendor for compatibility, connection, and oper-

ation. PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-7 LGCell 4.0 System Description 2.2.3 Using LGCell to Simultaneously Support Multiple Bands/Protocols The LGCell can simultaneously support more than one frequency band. Two options include:

The Dual Band LGCell for an Operator running parallel networks in the same mar-

ket The neutral host configuration, which is described here The term neutral host refers to the fact that the system supports multiple wireless Operators and that the equipment typically is owned by a third-party company. Neutral host systems are deployed in situations such as the following:

Public microcellular applications such as airport terminals, subways/train stations, and similar public buildings usually require that the in-building RF distribution system infrastructure be capable of supporting any current frequency band and protocol, including paging and messaging, and that it be future-proof. It is common for the same service provider to be licensed to operate in multiple bands in the same geographical area. For example, some Asian and European ser-

vice providers have licenses in both 900 MHz and 1800 MHz bands. Some North American service providers operate in both 800 MHz and 1900 MHz bands. A building owner will often allow service providers to provide wireless service in their building only if they cooperate and share the infrastructure equipment and distribution system. Delays in service implementation and loss of revenue occur when the competing service providers do not agree on how to share the equipment and installation costs. Additional distribution cabling infrastructure, beyond initial requirements, often is installed to accommodate adding Operators or services or to enhance capacity by sec-

torizing the distribution equipment at a later time. 2-8 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Figure 2-6 Example Neutral Host Application Fiber Optic Cable:

Installed now, used now Cat-5 Cable:

Installed now, used now LGCell Main Hub Operator 1 LGCell Expansion Hub Operator 1

(Operator 2 in the future) Cat-5 Cable:

Installed now, used later LGCell Main Hub Op. 1 and/or Op. 2 LGCell Expansion Hub Op. 1 and/or Op. 2 Fiber Optic Cable:

Installed now, used later Future LGCell Equipment System Operation RAU RAU RAU Future LGCell Equipment Neutral host systems are deployed as shared or dedicated systems. Shared System: Multiple wireless Operators use the same set of LGCell hard-

ware to distribute RF signals. Dedicated System: Each Operator uses an independent LGCell system. In order to simplify coverage planning and minimize installation costs, the equipment is clustered and installed in groups. The number of Hubs and RAUs required for a system is determined by their ability to be shared. The configuration shown in Figure 2-7 supports up to 7 Operator bands. PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-9 LGCell 4.0 System Description Figure 2-7 LGCell Neutral Host Configuration Expansion Hub Clusters 2 and 3 RAU Clusters B and C Expansion Hub Cluster 1 Optical Fiber Expansion Hub 800 MHz iDEN Cat-5 iDEN RAU RAU Cluster A Expansion Hub 1900 MHz A and D Expansion Hub 1900 MHz B and E Expansion Hub 800 MHz A and B A/D RAU B/E RAU A/B RAU Main Hub Cluster Main Hub 800 MHz iDEN Main Hub 1900 MHz A and D Main Hub 1900 MHz B and E Main Hub 800 MHz A and B Expansion Hub Cluster 4 RAU Clusters D Refer to the Neutral Host Planning Guide (PN 9000-10) for more information about this type of configuration. 2-10 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E System Bandwidths 2.3 System Bandwidths 2.3.1 800 MHz and 900 MHz Systems The 800 MHz and 900 MHz LGCell systems have fixed bandwidths of operation, as shown in the following table. Table 2-1 Bandwidths: 800 and 900 MHz LGCell System 800 MHz Cellulara 800 MHz iDEN 900 MHz GSMa 900 MHz EGSM System Bandwidth

(MHz) 25 Uplink Freq. Range

(MHz) 824849 Downlink Freq. Range

(MHz) 869894 18 25 35 806824 890915 880915 851869 935960 925960 a. The 800 MHz CDMA/900 MHz GSM dual-band LGCell is composed of two single-band LGCells

(one 800 MHz Cellular and one 900 MHz GSM) and supports the following frequency bands:

800 MHz CDMA Downlink: 870 to 880 MHz Uplink: 825 to 835 MHz Bandwidth: 10 MHz 900 MHz GSM:

Downlink: 954 to 960 MHz Uplink: 909 to 915 MHz Bandwidth: 6 MHz PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-11 LGCell 4.0 System Description 2.3.2 1800 MHz and 1900 MHz Systems The 1800 MHz DCS (GSM) and 1900 MHz PCS systems have a bandpass filter that is positioned within the uplink and downlink bands. This position is specified when the equipment is ordered and it is set during manufacturing. 1800 MHz DCS (GSM) System Bandwidth The 1800 MHz DCS (GSM) bandpass filter is positioned within the 75 MHz band during manufacturing. The bandpass filter is 30 MHz for all bands except DCS1, which is 15 MHz. When ordering the DCS product, select the appropriate band of operation from the list of available bands as shown in the following table. Table 2-2 Band Frequency of the DCS 1800 MHz LGCell System Bandwidth

(MHz) 15 30 30 30 30 Band DCS 1 DCS 2 DCS 3 DCS 4 DCS 5 Uplink (MHz) 1710 to 1725 1725 to 1755 1755 to 1785 1721.25 to 1751.25 1751.25 to 1781.25 Downlink (MHz) 1805 to 1820 1820 to 1850 1850 to 1880 1816.25 to 1846.25 1846.25 to 1876.25 DCS Uplink Bands 1710 1725 1755 1785 1805 DCS Downlink Bands 1820 1850 1880 DCS 1 DCS 2 DCS 3 DCS 1 DCS 2 DCS 3 DCS 4 DCS 5 DCS 6 DCS 4 DCS 5 DCS 6 1721.25 1751.25 1750 1781.25 1780 1816.25 1846.25 1840 1876.25 1870 2-12 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E System Bandwidths 1900 MHz PCS System Bandwidth The 1900 MHz PCS bandpass filter is positioned within the 60 MHz band during manufacturing. The PCS bandpass filter is 20 MHz. Table 2-3 Bandwidths: 1900 MHz PCS PCS Bandwidth in the US

(MHz) 15 5 15 5 5 15 Band A D B E F C LGCell System Bandwidth

(MHz) 20 20 20 10 Uplink

(MHz) 1850 to 1865 1865 to 1870 1870 to 1885 1885 to 1890 1890 to 1895 1895 to 1910 Downlink

(MHz) 1930 to 1945 1945 to 1950 1950 to 1965 1965 to 1970 1970 to 1975 1975 to 1990 LGCell equipment can be ordered in the following configurations:

Bands A and D Bands D and B Bands B and E Bands E and F LGCell equipment does not support band C. PCS Uplink Bands PCS Downlink Bands A D B E F C A D B E F C 1850 1865 1870 1885 1890 1895 1910 1930 1945 1950 1965 1970 1975 1990 PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-13 LGCell 4.0 System Description 2.4 System Specifications 2.4.1 Physical Specifications Parameter RF Connectors Main Hub 3, N-type female Expansion Hub 4, RJ-45 Remote Alarm Connector

(contact closure) MMF Connectors LED Alarm and Status Indicators AC Power (Universal) Typical Maximum Power Consumption Typical Maximum Enclosure Dimensions

(height width depth) Excluding angle-brack-

ets for 19'' rack mount-

ing of hubs. 1, 9-pin D-sub, female 1, 25-pin D-sub (not used), male 4 Pair, ST female Sync, Power, Port Link Status, Port Sync 1 Pair, ST female Sync, Power, Port Link Status, Port Sync Power, Sync 117V AC, 0.22 amp @ 60 Hz 230V AC, 0.11 amp @ 50 Hz 117V AC, 0.30 amp @ 60 Hz 230V AC, 0.15 amp @ 50 Hz 117V AC, 0.47 amp @ 60 Hz 230V AC, 0.24 amp @ 50 Hz 117V AC, 0.64 amp @ 60 Hz 230V AC, 0.32 amp @ 50 Hz 25 W 35 W 44.5 mm 438 mm 229 mm

(1.75 in. 17.25 in. 9 in.) 1U 32 W / 55 W with 4 RAUs 45 W / 75 W with 4 RAUs 44.5 mm 438 mm 229 mm

(1.75 in. 17.25 in. 9 in.) 1U Weight

< 3 kg (< 6.5 lb)

< 3 kg (< 6.5 lb) MTBF (hours) 298,000 461,000 Remote Access Unit Single Band: 1, RJ-45;

1, SMA female Dual Band (900/1800, 800/900, 800/1900):

2, RJ-45; 1, SMA female Dual Band (1800/1800):

2, RJ-45; 2, SMA female 5.7 W 7.5 W Single Band:

36 mm 110 mm 140 mm

(1.4 in. 4.3 in. 5.5 in.) Dual Band (900/1800, 1800/1800):

68 mm 157 mm 203 mm

(2.7 in. 6.2 in. 8 in.) Dual Band (800/900, 800/1900):

35 mm 261 mm 200 mm

(1.4 in. 10.3 in. 7.9 in.) Single Band:

< 0.4 kg (<1 lb) Dual Band:

< 0.8 kg (< 1.8 lb) 965,000 2-14 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E System Specifications 2.4.2 Environmental Specifications Parameter Operating Temperature Non-operating Temperature Operating Humidity; non-condensing Rating 0 to +45C / 32 to +113F 20 to +85C / 4 to +185F 5% to 95%

2.4.3 Alarm LEDs The Main Hub has LINK STATUS and SYNC LEDs for each fiber port. The Expansion Hub has LINK STATUS and SYNC LEDs for each Cat-5 (RAU) port. Unit Main Hub Alarm Name Power Sync

(above power) LED Color Green Green Off Port Link Status Green Expansion Hub Port Sync Power Sync

(above power) Port Link Status/Port Sync RAU Power Sync Red Green Red Green Green Off Green/Green Green/Red Red/Green Red/Red Green Red Condition AC power is ON Main Hubs phase lock loop (PLL) is locked Main Hubs PLL is not locked The Main Hub is receiving a signal from the Expansion Hub without an alarm signal The Main Hub is receiving an alarm signal from the Expansion Hub The Expansion Hub and its connected RAUs do not have an alarm There is no Expansion Hub connected AC power is ON The Expansion Hub is receiving the pilot signal The Expansion Hub is not receiving the pilot signal The RAU is connected and functioning properly The Connected RAU is malfunctioning The RAU has been disconnected or the cable is cut No RAU is connected DC power to RAU PLL is not locked or clock power is low PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-15 LGCell 4.0 System Description 2-16 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E SECTION 3 LGCell Main Hub The Main Hub is the LGCells central distribution point. On the dowlink, it receives RF signals from a base station or a repeater and converts them to optical signals, which it distributes to Expansion Hubs. On the uplink, the Main Hub receives optical signals from the Expansion Hubs and converts them back to RF signals to be relayed to a base station or a repeater. Figure 3-1 The Main Hub in an LGCell 1-1-1 Configuration*

DOWN UP LINK STATUS SYNC LINK STATUS SYNC TO EXPANSION HUB PORTS DOWN UP DOWN UP LINK STATUS SYNC DOWN UP LINK STATUS SYNC SYNC POWER 1 2 3 4 LGCellTM Main Hub AC POWER Multimode Fiber between Main Hub and Expansion Hub LINK STATUS SYNC ANTENNA PORTS DOWN UP SYNC POWER MAIN HUB PORT LGCellTM Expansion Hub AC POWER Cat-5 UTP/STP between Expansion Hub and RAU Coaxial Cable between Main Hub and Base Station or Repeater RAU Coaxial Cable between RAU and Passive Antenna

*1-1-1 configuration = 1 Main Hub, 1 Expansion Hub, and 1 Remote Access Unit LGCell Main Hub Features Mounts in a standard 19 in. (483 mm) equipment rack Connects to a base station or repeater using coaxial cable Supports up to four Expansion Hubs using standard 62.5m/125m multimode fiber (MMF) cable Displays system status with front panel LEDs Provides contact closures and error latches for major errors through a D-sub 9-pin connector on the rear panel PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 3-1 LGCell Main Hub 3.1 LGCell Main Hub Front Panel The front panel of a Main Hub is shown in the following figure. Figure 3-2 Front Panel of a Main Hub 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 DOWN UP LINK STATUS SYNC LINK STATUS SYNC TO EXPANSION HUB PORTS DOWN UP DOWN UP LINK STATUS SYNC DOWN UP LINK STATUS SYNC SYNC POWER 1 2 3 4 7 7 7 7 1 2 LGCellTM Main Hub AC POWER 3 4 1. AC power cord connector 2. Power On/Off switch 3. One LED for unit sync status (labeled SYNC) 4. One LED for unit power status (labeled POWER) 5. Four MMF ports (labeled 1, 2, 3, 4) One standard female ST optical connector for MMF downlink (labeled DOWN) One standard female ST optical connector for MMF uplink (labeled UP) 6. One LED per port for port link status (labeled LINK STATUS) 7. One LED per port for port sync status (labeled SYNC) 3-2 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E LGCell Main Hub Front Panel 3.1.1 MMF Downlink/Uplink Ports The Main Hubs MMF downlink/uplink ports transmit/receive optical signals to/from Expansion Hub(s) using industry-standard 62.5m/125m MMF cable. There are four MMF ports (labeled 1, 2, 3, and 4) on the Main Hubs front panel. Each MMF port has two female ST optical connectors: one for downlink (output) and one for uplink (input). MMF Downlink Connector This female ST connector (labeled DOWN) is used to transmit the downlink optical signals to an attached Expansion Hub. MMF Uplink Connector This female ST connector (labeled UP) is used to receive the uplink optical signals from an attached Expansion Hub. Figure 3-3 MMF Downlink/Uplink Ports on the Main Hub LINK STATUS SYNC DOWN UP LINK STATUS SYNC TO EXPANSION HUB PORTS DOWN UP DOWN UP LINK STATUS SYNC DOWN UP LINK STATUS SYNC SYNC POWER 1 2 3 4 LGCellTM Main Hub AC POWER Uplink/Input from Expansion Hub Female ST optical connector Downlink/Output to Expansion Hub Female ST optical connector Port Disconnect Memory The Main Hub detects when active fiber is connected to its MMF ports. An alarm is issued and latched if an active fiber cable from an MMF port on the Main Hub or an attached Expansion Hub is disconnected. The port disconnect memory and major alarm are cleared if you reconnect the fiber into the same functioning port. The error latch remains active until power is cycled. If you do not want to use that port, you should cycle the Main Hubs power to clear the port disconnect memory and the error latch. PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 3-3 LGCell Main Hub 3.1.2 Main Hub LED Indicators The front panel of the Main Hub has LEDs that provide diagnostic information and operational status of the unit. Figure 3-4 Main Hub Front Panel LEDs LINK STATUS SYNC MMF Port LED Indicators

(1 pair for each MMF port) DOWN UP LINK STATUS SYNC LINK STATUS SYNC TO EXPANSION HUB PORTS DOWN UP DOWN UP LINK STATUS SYNC DOWN UP LINK STATUS SYNC SYNC POWER 1 2 3 4 LGCellTM Main Hub AC POWER SYNC POWER Unit Functionality LED Indicators

(1 pair per hub) The Main Hubs MMF port LEDs can be used to help troubleshoot downstream prob-

lems; however, the LEDs do not indicate which downstream component has the prob-

lem. The Main Hubs LED indicators are described in the following table. Table 3-1 Main Hub LED Indicators MMF Port Indicators LINK STATUS SYNC Unit Functionality Indicators SYNC POWER Color Green Red Green Red Color Green Off Green Indicates Good connection to the Expansion Hub that is connected to the port. Connection problem with the Expansion Hub that is connected to the port. Expansion Hub connected to the port is operating properly. An alarm with the Expansion Hub that is connected to the port. Indicates Main Hub is correctly producing the synchronization signal. Main Hub is not correctly producing the synchronization signal. Main Hub has power. 3-4 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E LGCell Main Hub Rear Panel 3.2 LGCell Main Hub Rear Panel The rear panel of a Main Hub is shown in the following figure. Figure 3-5 Rear Panel of a Main Hub 4 3 2 DIAGNOSTIC 2 DIAGNOSTIC 1 REVERSE FORWARD DUPLEX 1 1 1 1. Three N-type, female connectors with dust caps:

One simplex uplink, unidirectional (labeled REVERSE) One simplex downlink, unidirectional (labeled FORWARD) One duplexed, bidirectional (labeled DUPLEX) 2. One 9-pin D-sub connector (labeled DIAGNOSTIC 1) 3. One 25-pin D-sub connector, factory use only (labeled DIAGNOSTIC 2) 4. Air exhaust vent PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 3-5 LGCell Main Hub 3.2.1 Main Hub Rear Panel Connectors N-Type Female Connectors There are three N-type female connectors on the rear panel of the Main Hub: one duplex and two simplex. Generally, the simplex connectors are used together and the duplex connector is used by itself. Simplex Connectors The simplex connectors provide unidirectional connection of a Main Hub to a local base station or to a repeater that is connected to a roof-top antenna. The REVERSE connector transmits uplink RF signals to a base station or a repeater. The FORWARD connector receives downlink RF signals from a base station or a repeater. Duplex Connector The DUPLEX connector provides bidirectional (both uplink and downlink) con-

nection between the Main Hub and a base station or a repeater. This connector has a fixed gain of 0, 30, or 40 dB, depending on the system (see Table 7-22 on page 7-25). Figure 3-6 N-type Female Connectors on the Main Hub REVERSE FORWARD DUPLEX DIAGNOSTIC 2 DIAGNOSTIC 1 NOTE: Always keep the dust cap on unused N-type connectors. WARNING: Exceeding the maximum input power could cause failure of the Main Hub (refer to Section 7.1 on page 7-3 for maximum power ratings). Attenuators may be required to limit the maximum composite power into the Main Hub. 3-6 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E LGCell Main Hub Rear Panel 9-pin D-sub Connector The 9-pin D-sub connector (labeled DIAGNOSTIC 1) provides contact closures and error latches for monitoring major errors. The following table lists the function of each pin on the 9-pin D-sub connector. Pin locations are labeled on Figure 3-7. Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Function

+10 V (fused) Not connected Not connected Error Latch (positive connection) Error Latch (negative connection) DC Ground (common) Major Error (positive connection) Error Reset Major Error (negative connection) Figure 3-7 9-pin D-sub Connector on the Main Hub REVERSE FORWARD DUPLEX DIAGNOSTIC 2 DIAGNOSTIC 1 Use the error pin connections to determine the error status: send a current of no more than 40 mA @ 40V DC maximum (4 mA @ 12V DC typical) through the positive connection. The current will return through the negative connection. An error is indi-

cated if current ceases to flow through the error connection. 25-pin D-sub Connector Reserved for factory use only. PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 3-7 LGCell Main Hub 3.3 LGCell Main Hub Alarm The two error connections, Major Error and Error Latch, are relay connections. They are either open or short circuit as shown in the following table. Operation Proper Operation Error Error Latch indicates that there has been a major error which was cleared. Major Error Short Circuit Open Circuit Short Circuit Error Latch Short Circuit Open Circuit Open Circuit Major Error The Main Hub senses, then latches, major errors, which can be monitored via the alarm ports contact closures. Red or unlit (off) LEDs on the front panel indicate when an alarm is detected. (Refer to Section 10.2 on page 10-2 for help trouble-

shooting using LEDs.) The major error contact can be brought back to the BTS for alarm monitoring if the BTS provides +40V DC or less. Figure 3-8 Monitoring Main Hub Alarms from the BTS BTS Main Hub Error Latch The error latch provides historical information for troubleshooting when you use an external alarm monitor. The recommended method of clearing an error latch is to connect pin 8 (error reset) to pin 1 (+10V) for at least one second. You can power cycle the unit to clear the error latch, but if you are not monitoring alarms externally, there is no need to do this. Normal operation of the system will not be affected by an uncleared error latch. 3-8 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E LGCell Main Hub Specifications 3.4 LGCell Main Hub Specifications Note that for dual band systems, the specifications are per band. Table 3-2 Main Hub Specifications Specification Dimensions (H W D) Weight Operating Temperature Operating Humidity, non-condensing Clearance RF Connectors Remote Alarm Connector, contact closure Multimode Fiber Connectors LED Alarm and Status Indicators Description 44.5 mm 438 mm 229 mm (1.75 in. 17.25 in. 9 in.); 1U

< 3 kg (< 6.5 lb) 0 to 45C (32 to 113F) 5% to 95%

Front: minimum 50 mm (2 in.) Rear: minimum 76 mm (3 in.) 3, N-type female 1, 9-pin D-sub female 1, 25-pin D-sub female (not used) 4 pair, ST female MMF Port: Link Status, Sync (4 pair) Unit Functionality: Sync, Power (1 pair) AC Power (Universal) Typical Maximum Power Consumption Typical Maximum Frequencies MTBF (hours) 117V AC, 0.22 amp @ 60 Hz 230V AC, 0.11 amp @ 50 Hz 117V AC, 0.30 amp @ 60 Hz 230V AC, 0.15 amp @ 50 Hz 25 W 35 W 800 MHz Cellular 800 MHz iDEN 900 MHz GSM 900 MHz EGSM 1800 MHz DCS 1900 MHz PCS 800 MHz Cellular & 1900 MHz PCS 900 MHz GSM & 1800 MHz DCS 900 MHz EGSM & 1800 MHz DCS 1800 MHz DCS & 1800 MHz DCS 298,000 PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 3-9 LGCell Main Hub 3-10 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E SECTION 4 LGCell Expansion Hub The Expansion Hub is LGCells intermediate distribution point. It converts optical signals that it receives from the Main Hub to intermediate frequency (IF) electrical signals that it transmits over Cat-5 cable to the RAUs. Figure 4-1 The Expansion Hub in an LGCell 1-1-1 Configuration*

DOWN UP LINK STATUS SYNC LINK STATUS SYNC TO EXPANSION HUB PORTS DOWN UP DOWN UP LINK STATUS SYNC DOWN UP LINK STATUS SYNC SYNC POWER 1 2 3 4 LGCellTM Main Hub AC POWER Multimode Fiber between Main Hub and Expansion Hub LINK STATUS SYNC ANTENNA PORTS DOWN UP SYNC POWER MAIN HUB PORT LGCellTM Expansion Hub AC POWER Cat-5 UTP/STP between Expansion Hub and RAU Coaxial Cable between Main Hub and Base Station or Repeater RAU Coaxial Cable between RAU and Passive Antenna

*1-1-1 configuration = 1 Main Hub, 1 Expansion Hub, and 1 Remote Access Unit LGCell Expansion Hub Features Mounts in a standard 19 in. (483 mm) equipment rack Connects to Main Hub using 62.5m/125m multimode fiber (MMF) cable Supports up to four RAUs per band using Cat-5 UTP/STP cable with RJ-45 con-

nectors Provides DC power to RAUs through the UTP/STP cable Has easily accessible front panel connectors Displays its status and the status of attached RAUs with front panel LEDs Communicates with Main Hub for system alarm status PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 4-1 LGCell Expansion Hub 4.1 LGCell Expansion Hub Front Panel The front panel of an Expansion Hub is shown in the following figure. Figure 4-2 Front Panel of an Expansion Hub 7 7 7 7 4 3 1 2 LINK STATUS SYNC ANTENNA PORTS DOWN UP SYNC POWER MAIN HUB PORT LGCellTM Expansion Hub AC POWER 68 68 68 8 6 5 1. AC power cord connector 2. Power On/Off switch 3. MMF Port (labeled MAIN HUB) One standard female ST optical connector for MMF downlink (labeled DOWN) One standard female ST optical connector for MMF uplink (labeled UP) 4. One LED for unit sync status (labeled SYNC) 5. One LED for unit power status (labeled POWER) 6. Four standard Cat-5 UTP/STP cable RJ-45 female connectors (labeled ANTENNA PORTS 1, 2, 3, and 4) 7. One LED per RJ-45 connector for link status (labeled LINK STATUS) 8. One LED per RJ-45 connector for sync status (labeled SYNC) 4-2 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E LGCell Expansion Hub Front Panel 4.1.1 MMF Downlink/Uplink Port The Expansion Hubs MMF downlink/uplink port transmits and receives optical sig-

nals to/from the Main Hub using industry-standard 62.5m/125m MMF cable. There is one MMF port (labeled MAIN HUB) on the Expansion Hubs front panel. The MMF port has two female ST optical connectors: one for downlink (input) and one for uplink (output). MMF Downlink Connector This female ST optical connector (labeled DOWN) is used to receive downlink opti-

cal signals from the Main Hub. MMF Uplink Connector This female ST optical connector (labeled UP) is used to transmit uplink optical signals to the Main Hub. Figure 4-3 MMF Downlink/Uplink Port on the Expansion Hub LINK STATUS SYNC ANTENNA PORTS DOWN UP SYNC POWER MAIN HUB PORT LGCellTM Expansion Hub AC POWER Uplink/Output to Main Hub Female ST connector Downlink/Input from Main Hub Female ST connector PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 4-3 LGCell Expansion Hub 4.1.2 RJ-45 Ports The Expansion Hubs RJ-45 ports are for the Cat-5 UTP/STP cables that are used to transmit and receive electrical signals to/from up to four RAUs. There are four ports on the Expansion Hubs front panel. Figure 4-4 RJ-45 Ports on the Expansion Hub LINK STATUS SYNC ANTENNA PORTS DOWN UP SYNC POWER MAIN HUB PORT LGCellTM Expansion Hub AC POWER Female RJ-45 ports for RAU connection

(4 per hub) Port Disconnect Memory The Expansion Hub detects when active UTP/STP cable and RAUs are connected to its RJ-45 ports. An alarm is issued and latched if you disconnect an active UTP/STP cable or an attached RAU. The port disconnect memory and alarm are cleared if you reconnect the cable into the same functioning port. The error latch remains active until power is cycled. If you do not want to use that port, you should cycle the Expan-

sion Hubs power to clear the port disconnect memory and the error latch. 4-4 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E LGCell Expansion Hub Front Panel 4.1.3 Expansion Hub LED Indicators The front panel of the Expansion Hub has LEDs that provide diagnostic information and operational status of the unit and attached RAUs. Figure 4-5 Expansion Hub Front Panel LEDs LINK STATUS SYNC UTP/STP Port LED Indicators

(1 pair for each RJ-45 connector) LINK STATUS SYNC ANTENNA PORTS DOWN UP SYNC POWER MAIN HUB PORT LGCellTM Expansion Hub AC POWER SYNC POWER Unit Functionality LED Indicators

(1 pair per hub) The Expansion Hubs LED indicators are described in the following table. Table 4-1 Expansion Hub LED Indicators Indicates RAU is connected and functioning properly. RAU is connected but malfunctioning. RAU has been disconnected or the cable is cut. No RAU is connected. Indicates Expansion Hub is receiving the synchronization signal from the Main Hub. A fault with the MMF downlink or the unit is faulty. Expansion Hub has power. UTP/STP Port Indicators/Color LINK STATUS Green Green Red Red Unit Functionality Indicators SYNC POWER SYNC Green Red Green Red Color Green Off Green PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 4-5 LGCell Expansion Hub 4.2 LGCell Expansion Hub Rear Panel The Expansion Hubs rear panel has one air exhaust vent and no connectors. 4.3 LGCell Expansion Hub Alarm The Expansion Hub communicates its status and the status of connected RAUs to the Main Hub over the MMF cable. The Main Hubs MMF port LEDs can be used to help troubleshoot downstream problems; however, the LEDs do not indicate which down-

stream unit has the alarm. 4-6 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E LGCell Expansion Hub Specifications 4.4 LGCell Expansion Hub Specifications Note that for dual band systems, the specifications are per band. Table 4-2 Expansion Hub Specifications Specification Dimensions (H W D) Weight Operating Temperature Operating Humidity, non-condensing Clearance RF Connectors Multimode Fiber Connectors LED Alarm and Status Indicators Description 44.5 mm 438 mm 229 mm (1.75 in. 17.25 in. 9 in.); 1U

< 3 kg (< 6.5 lb) 0 to 45C (32 to 113F) 5% to 95%

Front: minimum 50 mm (2 in.) Rear: minimum 76 mm (3 in.) 4 ports, RJ-45 1 pair, ST female UTP/STP Port: Link Status, Sync (4 pair) Unit Functionality: Sync, Power (1 pair) AC Power (Universal) Typical Maximum Power Consumption Typical Maximum Frequencies MTBF (hours) 117V AC, 0.47 amp @ 60 Hz 230V AC, 0.24 amp @ 50 Hz 117V AC, 0.64 amp @ 60 Hz 230V AC, 0.32 amp @ 50 Hz 32 W / 55 W with 4 RAUs 45 W / 75 W with 4 RAUs 800 MHz Cellular 800 MHz iDEN 900 MHz GSM 900 MHz EGSM 1800 MHz DCS 1900 MHz PCS 800 MHz Cellular & 1900 MHz PCS 900 MHz GSM & 1800 MHz DCS 900 MHz EGSM & 1800 MHz DCS 1800 MHz DCS & 1800 MHz DCS 461,000 PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 4-7 LGCell Expansion Hub 4-8 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E SECTION 5 LGCell Remote Access Unit The Remote Access Unit (RAU) is an active transceiver that connects to an Expan-

sion Hub using industry-standard Cat-5 UTP/STP cable. The cable delivers radio sig-

nals, control signals, and electrical power to the RAU. An RAU passes electrical signals between an Expansion Hub and an attached passive antenna. Figure 5-1 The Remote Access Unit in an LGCell 1-1-1 Configuration*

DOWN UP LINK STATUS SYNC LINK STATUS SYNC TO EXPANSION HUB PORTS DOWN UP DOWN UP LINK STATUS SYNC DOWN UP LINK STATUS SYNC SYNC POWER 1 2 3 4 LGCellTM Main Hub AC POWER Multimode Fiber between Main Hub and Expansion Hub LINK STATUS SYNC ANTENNA PORTS DOWN UP SYNC POWER MAIN HUB PORT LGCellTM Expansion Hub AC POWER Coaxial Cable between Main Hub and Base Station or Repeater Cat-5 UTP/STP between Expansion Hub and RAU RAU Coaxial Cable between RAU and Passive Antenna

*1-1-1 configuration = 1 Main Hub, 1 Expansion Hub, and 1 Remote Access Unit LGCell Remote Access Unit Features Transmits intermediate frequency (IF) signals to and from Expansion Hub using Cat-5 UTP/STP cable with RJ-45 connectors Converts IF to RF (downlink) and RF to IF (uplink) Uses a female SMA connector for connecting to standard passive antennas Displays its operational status with LEDs Plenum-rated unit Mounts above a false ceiling or in a plenum-rated location PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 5-1 LGCell Remote Access Unit 5.1 LGCell Remote Access Unit Connectors RJ-45 Port There is one RJ-45 port on each single band RAU, and two ports on each dual band RAU. Figure 5-2 RJ-45 Port on a Single Band RAU Figure 5-3 RJ-45 Ports on LGCell Dual Band RAUs 900/1800 MHz and 1800/1800 MHz dual band RAUs

(vertical style) Lower Band 900 MHz 1800 MHz Upper Band 1800 MHz Upper Band 900 MHz 1900 MHz Lower Band 800 MHz RJ-45 Port Bands

(MHz) 900/1800 1800/1800a 800/900 800/1900 RAU style Vertical Vertical Horizontal Horizontal Lower Band Top (900) Top (1800) Left (800) Left (800) Upper Band Bottom (1800) Bottom (1800) Right (900) Right (1900) a. On an 1800/1800 MHz dual band RAU, the ports are interchangeable. It does not matter which Cat-5 cable coming from the 1800/1800 dual band Expansion Hub you plug into the top or the bottom RJ-45 port. However, you may want to plug the top 1800 MHz Expansion Hubs Cat-5 cable into the top port and the bottom Expansion Hubs cable into the bottom port for easier troubleshooting later. 800/900 MHz and 800/1900 MHz dual band RAUs

(horizontal style) 5-2 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E LGCell Remote Access Unit Connectors SMA Connector There is one female SMA connector on a single band RAU, one on the 800/900, 800/1900, and 900/1800 dual band RAUs, and two on the 1800/1800 dual band RAU. The connector is a duplexed RF input/output port that connects to standard passive antennas. Figure 5-4 SMA Connector on the Single Band RAU Each 800/900, 800/1900, and 900/1800 dual band RAU has a single female SMA connector. The RAU uses a diplexer to combine the lower and upper band signals from the lower and upper band Expansion Hubs for output to a single passive antenna. Conversely, the uplink signals are separated into lower and upper band sig-

nals and sent to the Expansion Hubs. The 1800/1800 dual band RAU has two female SMA connectors. The RAU combines the signals from each of the 1800 MHz bands on the 1800/1800 dual band Expansion Hub and passes the signals to both SMA connectors. On the uplink, all signals are sent to both 1800 MHz bands on the 1800/1800 dual band Expansion Hub. When attaching one passive antenna, terminate the unused connector with an SMA-type 50 ohm terminator (LGC Wireless part number 4100). Diagrams of the dual band RAUs are shown in the following figure. Figure 5-5 Block Diagram of the Dual Band RAUs 800 CDMA/900 GSM, 800 Cellular/1900 PCS, and 900 (E)GSM/1800 DCS Dual Band RAU 1800 DCS/1800 DCS Dual Band RAU STP STP 800 CDMA, 800 Cellular, or 900 (E)GSM 900 GSM, 1800 DCS, or 1900 PCS Diplexer RF Out/In to/from Antenna STP STP 1800 DCS(i) 1800 DCS(ii) 800 CDMA + 900 GSM 800 Cellular + 1900 PCS 900 (E)GSM + 1800 DCS 1800 DCS(i) +

1800 DCS(ii) Hybrid Combiner RF Out/In to/from Antenna 1800 DCS(i) +

1800 DCS(ii) PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 5-3 LGCell Remote Access Unit 5.1.1 Remote Access Unit LED Indicators The RAU has LEDs that provide diagnostic information and operational status of the unit. Figure 5-6 RAU LEDs The RAUs LED indicators are described in the following table. Table 5-1 RAU LED Indicators LED POWER SYNC Color Green Red Off Indicates RAU is receiving power from the connected Expansion Hub. PLL is not locked or clock power is low. No fault. When the RAU SYNC LED turns red, it indicates that the RF power in the RAU is shut down. When the fault is corrected, the SYNC LED turns off. 5-4 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E LGCell Remote Access Unit Alarm 5.2 LGCell Remote Access Unit Alarm The RAU communicates its status to the Expansion Hub over the Cat-5 cable. The Expansion Hub, in turn, communicates the status to the Main Hub. The Main Hubs MMF port LEDs can be used to help troubleshoot downstream problems; however, the LEDs do not indicate which downstream unit has the alarm. PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 5-5 LGCell Remote Access Unit 5.3 LGCell Remote Access Unit Specifications Table 5-2 RAU Specifications (Single Band Unless Indicated Otherwise) Specification Dimensions (H W D) Description Single Band Dual Band (vertical): 900/1800, 1800/1800 Dual Band (horizontal): 800/900, 800/1900 36 mm 110 mm 140 mm (1.4 in. 4.3 in. 5.5 in.) 68 mm 157 mm 203 mm (2.7 in. 6.2 in. 8 in.) 35 mm 261 mm 200 mm (1.4 in. 10.3 in. 7.9 in) Weight Single Band Dual Band: all Operating Temperature Operating Humidity, non-condensing RF Connectors Single Band Dual Band: 900/1800, 800/900, 800/1900 Dual Band: 1800/1800 LED Alarm and Status Indicators Power Consumption Typical Maximum Frequencies MTBF (hours)

< 0.4 kg (< 0.9 lb)

< 0.8 kg (< 1.8 lb) 0 to 45C (32 to 113F) 5% to 95%

1 RJ-45; 1, SMA female 2 RJ-45; 1, SMA female 2 RJ-45; 2 SMA female Power, Sync 5.7 W 7.5 W 800 MHz Cellular*

800 MHz iDEN 900 MHz GSM*

900 MHz EGSM 1800 MHz DCS 1900 MHz PCS 965,000

* The 800 MHz CDMA/900 MHz GSM RAU is designed for use in China. It comprises one 800 MHz Cellular and one 900 MHz GSM single band RAU as well as a diplexer that filters and combines the bands. 5-6 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E LGCell Remote Access Unit Specifications The RF passband for the 800 MHz CDMA/900 MHz GSM RAU is shown in Table 5-3. Table 5-3 RF Frequency 800 MHz CDMA 900 MHz GSM Parameter Downlink Uplink Downlink Uplink RF Frequency (full band) 870 to 880 MHz 825 to 835 MHz 954 to 909 MHz 909 to 915 MHz Bandwidth 10 MHz 10 MHz 6 MHz 6 MHz PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 5-7 LGCell Remote Access Unit 5.4 Choosing Passive Antennas Typically, omni-directional and directional passive antennas are used. Typical antenna gain is approximately 3 dBi for omni-directional antennas and 7 dBi for directional antennas. Antenna manufacturer specifications should be considered when selecting antennas. Antenna selection considerations include:

Antenna gain Antenna type (omni or directional, etc.) Performance Appearance (important to the building owner) Mounting type (ceiling mount, wall mount) Refer to the LGC Wireless Complementary Products Catalog or contact your LGC account manager for a complete list of passive antennas that are available from LGC Wireless. 5-8 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E SECTION 6 Managing and Planning an LGCell Project This section provides information to assist in managing and planning an LGCell sys-

tem installation. Section 6.1 Managing an LGCell Project . 6-2 Section 6.2 Planning an LGCell Installation . 6-5 Section 6.3 Installation Checklist . 6-8 Section 6.4 System Optimization and Commissioning . 6-9 PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 6-1 Managing and Planning an LGCell Project 6.1 Managing an LGCell Project Proper project management is instrumental in providing timely and accurate deploy-

ment of the LGCell system. It is beneficial to have one person manage and coordinate all aspects of the project: planning, designing, and installing the equipment. The project manager is the person responsible for assigning tasks and ensuring scheduled work is performed on time. The project manager also acts as the coordinator between all the people involved in the project. The following table shows an estimated timeline for project management. Table 6-1 Project Management Estimated Timeline Description Detailed site walk-through/RF survey Order LGCell equipment Select cabling contractor Install cable Install LGCell Test installation and RF coverage Generate as-built document Details Prepare installation information, including RF plan, floor plan, equipment order form, and final design documents. Get all parts and accessories required. Complete installation statement of work and provide floor plan with equip-

ment locations, cabling runs, and other materials and connections. Get cabling quotation after walk-through. Monitor installation. Review installation checklist and prepare all materials. Refer to Section 6.3 on page 6-8. Be sure there are no uncovered areas. Refer to Section 6.4 on page 6-9. Prepare site plan diagram and coverage performance. Time Interval 1 to 2 weeks 8 weeks*

2 weeks 1 to 5 days 1 to 3 days 1 hour per RAU 1 to 5 days

*Standard delivery after receipt of order. 6-2 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Managing an LGCell Project 6.1.1 Project Management Responsibilities Project management functions are performed throughout the duration of the project, from Site Survey through Commissioning, and include the following:

Identify all project participants and document contact information Initiate project kick-off meeting Lead Project Team Provide coordination of all participants Provide regular status reports to all participants including the end-user Define Scope of Project Obtain system approval from all participants Define site coverage requirements Plan installation time requirements Identify critical path items Identify all special requirements or potential roadblocks Conduct RF Site Survey Review/confirm the preliminary signal readings and results of the RF Site Survey, whether conducted by LGC Wireless or others Identify RF project changes and/or restrictions Prepare Site for Installation Conduct site walk-through with all appropriate participants Coordinate required permits Determine material receiving/storage/disbursement location Engage and contract with the cabling sub-contractor Schedule material delivery Coordinate and manage the installation, termination, and testing of required cables

(MMF, UTP/STP, coaxial) Coordinate with the base station vendor for the integration of the LGCell system Coordinate with the service provider for frequency allocation Coordinate the installation of any required AC power, power systems, or power equipment Manage Installation of System Establish and distribute Installation Schedule Confirm cable installation if provided by third-party company Confirm antenna locations and selection Obtain approval of the Installation Plan from primary participants and the end-user Conduct pre-installation inspection Coordinate installation of the LGCell equipment Coordinate installation of antennas PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-3 Managing and Planning an LGCell Project Manage System Commissioning Coordinate system test Coordinate RF signal and coverage tests Coordinate complete RF system test with required participants Manage System Acceptance Coordinate final inspection with required participants Prepare System Acceptance Document Prepare As-Built Documents Issue System Acceptance Document 6-4 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Planning an LGCell Installation 6.2 Planning an LGCell Installation Preliminary Planning Complete a preliminary system design for current requirements Compile all of the pertinent information to determine a preliminary system design. Determine design requirements Consult with the end user, the service provider, and the equipment vendors to determine system requirements. Analyze floor plans Review the building floor plans to determine approximate antenna locations and possible locations of equipment rooms. Also, where possible on the floor plans, check for various types of construction materials and installation restrictions. Preliminary System Design Compute equipment requirements for current traffic rates Base this on the voice channels required and equipment parameters of the base sta-

tion specified for the system (requires input from service provider RF Engineer). Compute equipment requirements for expansion to future traffic rates Base this on customer requirements and equipment parameters of the base station specified for the system. Make recommendations for a system design for future traffic requirements Provide a possible migration plan to achieve future capacity and coverage require-

ments, perhaps including provisions for additional equipment and/or sectorization of the existing cells. Site Survey Conduct on-site RF site evaluation Conduct in-building signal level tests after the preliminary design is completed. Using a test transmitter, introduce an RF signal at the approximate antenna loca-

tions and record the signal levels on a copy of the floor plan. Conduct a physical review of the building to determine types of construction mate-

rials in the floors and walls, and amount of clutter in the building. (Clutter is anything that can block or reduce the RF signal coverage.) These will help deter-

mine the expected coverage area; the in-building signal loss due to walls, furniture, equipment, people, etc.; and the proposed equipment locations and cabling require-

ments. Identify AC power requirements and extra equipment (cabinets, cable trays, cable racks, etc.) PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-5 Managing and Planning an LGCell Project Frequency Planning Coordinate frequency planning with local carriers Discuss with the local carrier the channel requirements for the system. Final System Design Complete final design Generate a final design based on preliminary design, results of RF tests, discus-

sions with all appropriate parties involved in the project, and the site evaluation. Create final equipment list Generate a final equipment requirement list based on the final system design. Design review Discuss the final system design with all appropriate parties involved in the project. RF Survey Report Generate an RF Survey Report documenting all design information that you gath-

ered. Traffic analysis of current requirements Determine capabilities in terms of current and future capacity, coverage, and qual-

ity of service. 6-6 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Planning an LGCell Installation Site Survey Questionnaire 6.2.1 Site Survey Questionnaire 2540 Junction Avenue | San Jose, CA 95134 | TEL 408-952-2400 | FAX 408-952-2410 Project Information Project Name:

Purchaser Address:

Company Name:

Contact:

Phone:

E-mail:

Type of System Enhancement

 Coverage  Capacity (BTS)  Wireless Office Building Information Are floor plans available (including map scale?)  Yes  No End-User Information End-User:

Site Address:

Contact:

Phone:

E-mail:

BTS Information Manufacturer:

Model No:

No. of Carriers:

No. of Subscribers:

Is outdoor coverage required?

 Yes  No BHCR?  Yes  No Erlangs/Sub:

Select the Downlink Power, Frequency, Protocol, and Band to Operate Under Downlink Power at Mobile (dBm): Select One  65  70  75  80  85 (default)  90  95 Frequencies (MHz): Select all that apply

 800  900 GSM  900 EGSM  1800  1900

 GSM  TDMA  CDMA  SMR/iDEN  AMPS Protocol:

Additional Questions Are exposed antennas tolerated inside?

Are exposed antennas tolerated outside?

Are locations above ceiling/closets available for mounting equipment?

Have available mounting locations been identified? (please identify on floor plans) Are 19" equipment racks available?

Is AC power available at the Main and Expansion Hubs?

Are multimode fiber optic cables available?

If on a campus, are single-mode fiber optic cables available?

Are Cat-5 UTP/STP runs available?

If cabling is not available, will customer mandate a subcontractor?

If yes, provide details in Comments section below. Is a bi-directional amplifier (repeater) needed?

Comments: (special installation requirements, subcontractors, coverage areas, contacts, etc.) Select One

 Yes  No  Unsure

 Yes  No  Unsure

 Yes  No  Unsure

 Yes  No  Unsure

 Yes  No  Unsure

 Yes  No  Unsure

 Yes  No  Unsure

 Yes  No  Unsure

 Yes  No  Unsure

 Yes  No  Unsure

 Yes  No  Unsure PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-7 Managing and Planning an LGCell Project 6.3 Installation Checklist Following is an installation checklist. Table 6-2 Installation Checklist

Item Floor Plans RF Site Survey Equipment Enclosures/Structures Equipment Racks Microcellular Base Station Roof-top Antenna/Repeater Cat-5 cabling MMF Coaxial cabling Coaxial cabling Comments Detailed floor plans of the project site, suitable for the installation of LGCell equipment and cable. Equipment locations clearly marked on the plans RF signal readings and antenna orientation details from the RF Site Survey, unless provided by LGC Wireless Any enclosures or structures required for the LGCell equipment, i.e., roof-top structure, unless provided by LGC Wireless Procurement and installation of equipment racks, unless provided by LGC Wireless Base station installed prior to LGCell equipment installation Roof-top antenna and repeater installed prior to LGCell equipment installation TIA/EIA 568-A approved; RJ-45 connectors; Absolute Minimum: 10 meters

(33 ft), Recommended Minimum: 20 meters (66 ft), Maximum: 50 meters

(165 ft); Expansion Hubs to RAUs; installed, inspected, tested Shielded Cat-5 cable (STP) should be used for neutral host systems 62.5m/125m; ST male connectors; up to 1 km (3300 ft); Main Hub to Expansion Hubs; maximum 3 dB optical loss, including connectors, splices, etc.; installed, inspected, tested Coax approved; N-type male connectors; repeater or base station to Main Hub;

installed, inspected, tested Coax approved; N-type male connector; RAU to passive antenna; installed, inspected, tested 110/220V AC power available at hub locations Power Equipment on-hand and ready for installation:

LGCell Main Hub(s) LGCell Expansion Hub(s) Remote Access Unit(s) Passive Antenna(s) UPS/Battery Power combiner/divider 4 per Main Hub 4 per Expansion Hub Omni or directional; based on RF design If required by customer Required if cascading multiple Main Hubs. N-male to N-male coaxial cables used to connect power combiner/repeater to Main Hub and base station or repeater. 6-8 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E System Optimization and Commissioning 6.4 System Optimization and Commissioning After the RF Site Survey is completed and the system is installed, perform the follow-

ing tasks. Check Installation Check installation of the Main Hubs, Expansion Hubs, Remote Access Units, split-

ters/combiners, antennas, etc. Confirm all cable connections Confirm working condition of LGCell equipment Confirm that equipment quantities and equipment locations are documented Confirm that all equipment and cables are identified and marked with ID number Check Cabling Review test results of Cat-5 cable (UTP/STP) (conduct cable test if testing has not already been completed; the results are needed for the As-Built Document) Review test results of coaxial cables; at base station to Main Hub and RAU to antenna Confirm and document actual link budget in coaxial cables Check Optical Loss and Power Levels Confirm and document downlink power level out of base station Confirm and document downlink power level into Main Hub Confirm and document uplink power level out of Main Hub Check and document optical loss from Main Hub to Expansion Hub Verify Coverage Conduct floor-by-floor system walk-through, confirming RSSI in all locations of the coverage area. Document RF signal level readings from all locations onto floor plan drawings. Confirm outside signal levels where required Measure RF signal out of equipment, if required Check Signal Quality Check for neighbor channels/frequencies Confirm adjacent channel/frequency signal strength Check all call quality requirements of the carrier PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-9 Managing and Planning an LGCell Project Prepare As-Built Document Prepare the final As-Built Document to include the following:

Title Page Site Address Contact List Table of Contents Introduction Description of system installation including equipment used, unusual appli-

cations or obstacles, etc. Equipment Locations Descriptions or diagrams of equipment locations within the facility Wiring Configuration and Specifications Descriptions and tables of MMF and Cat-5 measurements; including Expan-

sion Hub ID numbers, RF signal level readings throughout coverage area, number of RAUs attached, results of the Cat-5 compliance tests, unusual or marginal applications, etc. Base Station Settings Number of channels and sectors, transceiver setting, etc. RF power into Main Hub Amount of attenuation used Coverage Performance Description of test method and outcome Summary Include outstanding issues, future plans, and future considerations As-Built Floor Plans 6-10 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E SECTION 7 Designing an LGCell Solution Designing an LGCell solution is ultimately a matter of determining coverage and capacity needs. This requires the following steps:

1. Determine the wireless service providers requirements. This information is usually supplied by the service provider:

Frequency (i.e., 850 MHz) Band (i.e., A band in the Cellular spectrum) Protocol (i.e., TDMA, CDMA, GSM, iDEN) Peak capacity requirement (this, and whether or not the building will be split into sectors, determines the number of carriers that the LGCell will have to transmit) Design goal (RSSI, received signal strength at the wireless handset, i.e., 85 dBm) The design goal is always a stronger signal than the cell phone needs. It includes inherent factors which will affect performance (see Section 7.4.1 on page 7-29). RF source (base station or BDA), type of equipment if possible 2. Determine the power per carrier and input power from the base station or BDA into the Main Hub: Section 7.1, Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU, on page 7-3. The maximum power per carrier is a function of the number of RF carriers, the carrier headroom requirement, signal quality issues, regulatory emissions require-

ments, and the LGCells RF performance. The power per carrier decreases as the number of carriers increases. 3. Determine the in-building environment: Section 7.2, Estimating RF Cover-

age, on page 7-15. Determine which areas of the building require coverage (entire building, public areas, parking levels, etc.) PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 7-1 Designing an LGCell Solution Obtain floor plans to determine floor space of building and the wall layout of the proposed areas to be covered. Floor plans will also be useful when you are selecting antenna locations. If possible, determine the buildings construction materials (sheetrock, metal, concrete, etc.) Determine type of environment Open layout (e.g., a convention center) Dense, close walls (e.g., a hospital) Mixed use (e.g., an office building with hard wall offices and cubicles) 4. Develop an RF link budget: Section 7.4, Link Budget Analysis, on page 7-28. Knowing the power per carrier, you can calculate an RF link budget which is used to predict how much propagation loss can be allowed in the system, while still providing satisfactory performance throughout the area being covered. The link budget is a methodical way to derive a design goal. If the design goal is pro-

vided in advance, the link budget is simply: allowable RF loss = max. power per carrier design goal. 5. Determine the appropriate estimated path loss slope that corresponds to the type of building and its layout, and estimate the coverage distance for each RAU: Section 7.2, Estimating RF Coverage, on page 7-15. The path loss slope (PLS), which gives a value to the RF propagation characteris-

tics within the building, is used to convert the RF link budget into an estimate of the coverage distance per antenna. This will help establish the LGCell equipment quantities you will need. The actual path loss slope that corresponds to the spe-

cific RF environment inside the building can also be determined empirically by performing an RF site-survey of the building. This involves transmitting a cali-

brated tone for a fixed antenna and making measurements with a mobile antenna throughout the area surrounding the transmitter. 6. Determine the items required to connect to the base station: Section 7.5, Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station, on page 7-41. Once you know the quantities of LGCell equipment you will use, you can deter-

mine the accessories (combiners/dividers, surge suppressors, repeaters, attenua-

tors, circulators, etc.) that are required to connect the system to the base station. The individual elements that must be considered in designing an LGCell solution are discussed in the following sections. 7-2 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU 7.1 Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU The following tables show the recommended maximum power per carrier out of the RAU SMA connector for different frequencies, formats, and numbers of carriers. These limits are dictated by RF signal quality and regulatory emissions issues. The maximum input power to the Main Hub is determined by subtracting the system gain from the maximum output power of the RAU. For most systems the gain is 0 dB. Exceptions are the duplex port for the Cellular LGCell (30 dB gain) and the duplex port of the PCS LGCell (40 dB gain). Therefore, when you connect a Main Hub to a base station or repeater, the RF power per carrier usually needs to be attenuated in order to avoid exceeding the LGCells maximum composite output power. Refer to Section 7.6, Designing for a Neutral Host System, on page 7-45 when combining frequencies or protocols on a single Main Hub. WARNING: Exceeding the maximum input power could cause perma-

nent damage to the Main Hub. PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-3 Designing an LGCell Solution Table 7-1 800 MHz Cellular Power per Carrier TDMA Recommended Maximum Output PPC at RAU (dBm) No. of Carriers AMPS CDMA Recommended Maximum Output PPC at RAU (dBm) No. of Carriers Recommended Maximum Output PPC at RAU (dBm) No. of Carriers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10.0 7.5 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.5 2.5 2.0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 20 30 17.0 12.0 9.0 7.0 5.5 4.5 3.5 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.5 0.5 1.5 3.5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 20 30 20.0 14.0 10.5 7.5 6.0 4.5 3.5 2.5 2.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.0 0.5 0.5 1.0 2.0 4.0 Note: These specifications are for downlink power at the RAU output (excluding antenna) for single-protocol applications. WARNING: For 800 MHz Cellular, do not exceed the maximum com-

posite input power of 126mW (+21 dBm) to the Main Hubs simplex ports, or 126W (9 dBm) to its duplex port at any time. 7-4 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU Table 7-2 800 MHz iDEN/CDMA Power per Carrier iDEN Recommended Maximum Output PPC at RAU (dBm) No. of Carriers CDMA Recommended Maximum Output PPC at RAU (dBm) No. of Carriers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9.0 6.5 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.5 1.5 1.0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 20 30 10.0 7.0 4.5 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.0 3.5 4.0 5.0 6.5 Note: These specifications are for downlink power at the RAU output (excluding antenna) for sin-

gle-protocol applications. WARNING: For 800 MHz iDEN/CDMA, do not exceed the maximum composite input power of 126mW (+21 dBm) to the Main Hubs duplex and/or simplex ports at any time. PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-5 Designing an LGCell Solution Table 7-3 900 MHz GSM or EGSM Power per Carrier The 900 MHz LGCell systems also are approved for use with paging and two-way messag-

ing in the U.S. and Canada. No. of Carriers Maximum Output PPC at RAU (dBm) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 8.0 4.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 2.5 3.0 3.5 3.5 4.0 4.0 4.5 Note: These specifications are for downlink power at the RAU output (excluding antenna). WARNING: For 900 MHz GSM or EGSM, do not exceed the maxi-

mum composite input power of 126mW (+21 dBm) to the Main Hubs duplex and/or simplex ports at any time. 7-6 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU Table 7-4 1800 MHz DCS (GSM) Power per Carrier No. of Carriers Maximum Output PPC at RAU (dBm) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 8.0 5.5 3.5 2.0 1.0 0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.5 2.5 3.0 3.0 Note: These specifications are for downlink power at the RAU output (excluding antenna). WARNING: For 1800 MHz DCS (GSM), do not exceed the maximum composite input power of 126mW (+21 dBm) to the Main Hubs duplex and/or simplex ports at any time. PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-7 Designing an LGCell Solution Table 7-5 1800 MHz CDMA (Korea) Power per Carrier Recommended Maximum Output PPC at RAU

(dBm) 8.0 5.5 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.5 0.5 0.0 No. of Carriers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 WARNING: For 1800 MHz CDMA (Korea), do not exceed the maxi-

mum composite input power of 126mW (+21 dBm) to the Main Hubs duplex and/or simplex ports at any time. 7-8 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU Table 7-6 1900 MHz PCS Power per Carrier TDMA GSM EDGE CDMA Recommended Maximum Output PPC at RAU (dBm) No. of Carriers Recommended Maximum Output PPC at RAU (dBm) No. of Carriers Recommended Maximum Output PPC at RAU (dBm) No. of Carriers Recommended Maximum Output PPC at RAU (dBm) No. of Carriers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10.0 7.5 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.5 2.5 2.0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 20 30 17.0 12.0 9.0 7.0 5.5 4.5 3.5 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.5 0.5 1.5 3.5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 20.0 8.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17.0 8.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.0 Note: These specifications are for downlink power at the RAU output (excluding antenna) for single-protocol applications. WARNING: For 1900 MHz PCS, do not exceed the maximum compos-

ite input power of 126mW (+21 dBm) to the Main Hubs simplex ports, or 12.6W (19 dBm) to its duplex port at any time. PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-9 Designing an LGCell Solution Table 7-7 800 MHz CDMA and 900 MHz GSM Power per Carrier No. of Carriers Recommended Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU (dBm) 800 MHz CDMA

(Lower Band) 900 MHz GSM

(Upper Band) 8.5 6.0 4.5 3.5 2.5 2.0 1.0 0.5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 6.5 2.5 0.5 0.5 1.5 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.0 5.5 5.5 5.5 Note: These specifications are for downlink power at the RAU output (excluding antenna) for single-protocol applications. WARNING: For 800 MHz CDMA or 900 MHz GSM, do not exceed the maximum composite input power of 126mW (+21 dBm) to the Main Hubs simplex ports, or 126W (9 dBm) to its duplex port at any time. 7-10 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU Table 7-8 800 MHz Cellular and 1900 MHz PCS Power per Carrier Recommended Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU (dBm) 800 MHz

(Lower Band) 1900 MHz

(Upper Band) AMPS 19.0 13.0 9.5 6.5 5.0 3.5 2.5 1.5 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 1.5 2.0 3.0 5.0 CDMA 9.0 6.5 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.5 1.5 1.0 TDMA 15.5 10.5 7.5 5.5 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.0 3.0 5.0 CDMA 8.5 6.0 4.5 3.5 2.5 2.0 1.0 0.5 GSM 18.5 7.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.5 2.0 EDGE 15.5 7.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.5 0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.5 2.5 No. of Carriers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 20 30 TDMA 16.0 11.0 8.0 6.0 4.5 3.5 2.5 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.5 1.5 2.5 4.5 Note: These specifications are for downlink power at the RAU output (excluding antenna). WARNING: For 800 MHz Cellular or 1900 MHz PCS, do not exceed the maximum composite input power of 126mW (+21 dBm) to the Main Hubs simplex ports, or 126W (9 dBm) to its duplex port at any time. PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-11 Designing an LGCell Solution Table 7-9 900 MHz GSM or EGSM and 1800 MHz GSM Power per Carrier Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU (dBm) No. of Carriers 900 MHz

(Lower Band) 1800 MHz

(Upper Band) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 8.0 3.5 1.5 0.5 0.5 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.0 4.5 4.5 5.0 8.0 4.5 2.5 1.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 2.5 3.0 3.5 3.5 4.0 4.0 WARNING: For 900 MHz GSM or EGSM and 1800 MHz GSM, do not exceed the maximum composite input power of 126mW (+21 dBm) to the Main Hubs duplex and/or simplex ports at any time. 7-12 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU Table 7-10 1800/1800 MHz GSM Power per Carrier Maximum Output PPC at RAU

(dBm) No. of Carriers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 8.0 2.5 0.5 0.5 1.5 2.5 3.0 3.5 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 5.5 6.0 6.5 WARNING: For 1800 MHz GSM, do not exceed the maximum com-

posite input power of 126mW (+21 dBm) to the Main Hubs duplex and/or simplex ports at any time. PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-13 Designing an LGCell Solution Allowing for Future Capacity Growth Sometimes an LGCell deployment initially is used to enhance coverage. Later that same system may also need to provide increased capacity. Thus, the initial deploy-

ment might only transmit two carriers but need to transmit four carriers later. There are two options for dealing with this scenario:

1. Design the initial coverage with a maximum power per carrier for four carriers. 2. Design the initial coverage for two carriers but leave Expansion Hub ports unused. These ports can be used later if coverage holes are discovered once the power per carrier is lowered to accommodate the two additional carriers. 7-14 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Estimating RF Coverage 7.2 Estimating RF Coverage The maximum power per carrier (based on the number and type of RF carriers that are being transmitted) and the minimum acceptable received power at the wireless device (i.e., RSSI, the design goal) establish the RF link budget, and consequently the path loss between the antenna and the wireless device. Figure 7-1 Determining Path Loss between the Antenna and the Wireless Device Antenna and Gain (G) RAU P = power per carrier from the RAU d RSSI = power at the wireless device

(P + G) RSSI = PL

(1) The path loss (PL) is the loss in decibels (dB) between the antenna and the wireless device. The distance, d, from the antenna corresponding to this path loss can be calcu-

lated using the path loss equation in Section 7.2.1 or in Section 7.2.3. The losses due to the coaxial cable that connects the RAU to the antenna are not included in this equation because, typically, the cable is short and the losses are mod-

est. However, if further precision is desired, you can use the coaxial cable losses listed in the following table. Table 7-11 Coaxial Cable Losses Length of Cable 0.9 m (3 ft) 1.8 m (6 ft) 3.0 m (10 ft) Loss at 800 MHz

(dB) 0.6 1.0 1.5 Loss at 1900 MHz

(dB) 0.8 1.5 2.3 PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-15 Designing an LGCell Solution 7.2.1 Path Loss Equation Indoor path loss obeys the distance power law* in equation (2):

PL = 20log(4d0f/c) + 10nlog(d/d0) + s

(2) where:

PL is the path loss at a distance, d, from the antenna (the distance between the antenna that is connected to the RAU and the point where the RF signal decreases to the minimum acceptable level at the wireless device). d0 is taken as 1 meter of free-space. f is the operating frequency in hertz. c is the speed of light in a vacuum (3.0 108 m/sec). n is the path loss exponent and depends on the building clutter. s is a normal random variable that depends on partition losses inside the build-

ing, and therefore, depends on the frequency of operation. As a reference, the following table gives estimates of signal loss for some RF barriers.*

Table 7-12 Average Signal Loss of Common Building Materials Partition Type Metal wall Aluminum siding Foil insulation Cubicle walls Concrete block wall Concrete floor Sheetrock Light machinery General machinery Heavy machinery Equipment racks Assembly line Ceiling duct Metal stairs Loss (dB)

@ <2 GHz 26 20 4 1.4 13 10 1 to 2 3 7 11 7 6 5 5 Frequency (MHz) 815 815 815 900 1300 1300 1300 1300 1300 1300 1300 1300 1300 1300

*Rappaport, Theodore S. Wireless Communications, Principles, and Practice. Prentice Hall PTR, 1996. 7-16 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Estimating RF Coverage 7.2.2 Path Loss Slope Table 7-13 shows estimated path loss slope (PLS) for various environments that have different clutter (i.e., objects that attenuate the RF signals, such as walls, partitions, stairwells, equipment racks, etc.) Table 7-13 Estimated Path Loss Slope for Different In-Building Environments Facility Manufacturing Hospital Airport Retail Warehouse Parking Garage Office: 80% cubicle/20% hard wall Office: 50% cubicle/50% hard wall Office: 20% cubicle/80% hard wall PLS for 800/900 MHz 35 39.4 35 36.1 35 33.7 36.1 37.6 39.4 PLS for 1800/1900 MHz 32 38.1 32 33.1 32 30.1 33.1 34.8 38.1 PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-17 Designing an LGCell Solution 7.2.3 Coverage Distance Equations (1) and (2), on pages 7-15 and 7-16, respectively, can be used to estimate the distance from the antenna to where the RF signal decreases to the minimum acceptable level at the wireless device. Equation (2) can be simplified to:

PL = 20log(4f/c) + PLSlogD

(3) where PLS is chosen to account for partition losses. Because different frequencies penetrate partitions with different losses, the value of PLS will vary depending on the frequency. For simplicity, Equation (3) can be used to estimate the coverage distance of an antenna that is connected to an RAU, for a given path loss, frequency, and type of in-building environment. Table 7-14 gives the value of the first term of Equation (3) (i.e., (20log(4f/c)) for various frequency bands. Table 7-14 Frequency Bands and the Value of the first Term in Equation (3) Band (MHz) Uplink 824849 806824 890915 880915 17101785 17501780 18501910 Downlink 869894 851869 935960 925960 18051880 18401870 19301990 Mid-Band Frequency

(MHz) 859 20log(4f/c) 31.1 837.5 925 920 1795 1810 1920 30.9 31.8 31.7 37.5 37.6 38.1 800 Cellulara 800 iDEN 900 GSMa 900 E-GSM 1800 DCS 1800 CDMA (Korea) 1900 PCS a. The 800 MHz CDMA/900 MHz GSM dual-band LGCell supports the following bands:

800 MHz CDMA Downlink: 870 to 880 MHz Uplink: 825 to 835 MHz Bandwidth: 10 MHz 900 MHz GSM:

Downlink: 954 to 960 MHz Uplink: 909 to 915 MHz Bandwidth: 6 MHz These bands are narrower than those for the 800 MHz Cellular and 900 MHz GSM single-band LGCells. However, because the mid-band frequencies of the 800/900 dual-band LGCell bands are almost identical to those for the single-band LGCells, the 20log(4f/c) terms also are almost identical. To simplify this table and those that follow, it is assumed that the first term in the equation (3) is the same for the 800 MHz Cellular and the 800 MHz CDMA systems; likewise for the 900 MHz GSM sys-

tems. 7-18 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Estimating RF Coverage For reference, Tables 7-15 through 7-21 show the distance covered by an antenna for various in-building environments. The following assumptions were made:

Path loss Equation (3) 0 dBm output per carrier at the RAU output 3 dBi antenna gain RSSI = 85 dBm (typical for narrowband protocols, but not for spread-spec-

trum protocols) Table 7-15 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 800 MHz Cellular Applications Distance from Antenna Facility Manufacturing Hospital Airport Retail Warehouse Parking Garage Office: 80% cubicle/20% hard wall Office: 50% cubicle/50% hard wall Office: 20% cubicle/80% hard wall Meters 42 28 42 38 42 49 38 33 28 Feet 138 91 138 123 138 160 123 107 91 Table 7-16 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 800 MHz iDEN Applications Distance from Antenna Facility Manufacturing Hospital Airport Retail Warehouse Parking Garage Office: 80% cubicle/20% hard wall Office: 50% cubicle/50% hard wall Office: 20% cubicle/80% hard wall Meters 43 28 43 38 43 49 38 33 28 Feet 140 92 140 125 140 162 125 108 92 PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-19 Designing an LGCell Solution Table 7-17 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 900 MHz GSM Applications Distance from Antenna Facility Manufacturing Hospital Airport Retail Warehouse Parking Garage Office: 80% cubicle/20% hard wall Office: 50% cubicle/50% hard wall Office: 20% cubicle/80% hard wall Meters 40 27 40 36 40 47 36 31 27 Feet 133 88 133 118 133 153 118 103 88 Table 7-18 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 900 MHz EGSM Applications Distance from Antenna Facility Manufacturing Hospital Airport Retail Warehouse Parking Garage Office: 80% cubicle/20% hard wall Office: 50% cubicle/50% hard wall Office: 20% cubicle/80% hard wall Meters 41 27 41 36 41 47 36 31 27 Feet 133 88 133 119 133 153 119 103 88 7-20 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Estimating RF Coverage Table 7-19 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 1800 MHz DCS Applications Distance from Antenna Facility Manufacturing Hospital Airport Retail Warehouse Parking Garage Office: 80% cubicle/20% hard wall Office: 50% cubicle/50% hard wall Office: 20% cubicle/80% hard wall Meters 38 21 38 33 38 48 33 28 21 Feet 124 69 124 110 124 156 110 93 69 Table 7-20 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 1800 MHz CDMA (Korea) Applications Distance from Antenna Facility Manufacturing Hospital Airport Retail Warehouse Parking Garage Office: 80% cubicle/20% hard wall Office: 50% cubicle/50% hard wall Office: 20% cubicle/80% hard wall Meters 38 21 38 33 38 47 33 28 21 Feet 123 69 123 109 123 155 109 92 69 PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-21 Designing an LGCell Solution Table 7-21 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 1900 MHz PCS Applications Distance from Antenna Facility Manufacturing Hospital Airport Retail Warehouse Parking Garage Office: 80% cubicle/20% hard wall Office: 50% cubicle/50% hard wall Office: 20% cubicle/80% hard wall Meters 36 20 36 32 36 45 32 27 20 Feet 119 67 119 105 119 149 105 89 67 7-22 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Estimating RF Coverage 7.2.4 Example Design Estimate 1. Design goals:

Cellular (859 MHz = average of the lowest uplink and the highest downlink frequency in 800 MHz Cellular band) TDMA provider 6 TDMA carriers in the system 85 dBm design goal (to 95% of the building) the minimum received power at the wireless device Base station with simplex RF connections 2. Power Per Carrier: The tables in Section 7.1, Maximum Output Power per Car-

rier at RAU, on page 7-3 provide maximum power per carrier information. The 800 MHz Cellular table (on page 7-4) indicates that the LGCell can support 6 car-

riers with a typical power per carrier of 4.5 dBm. 4.5 dBm per carrier would be the typical RF signal into the Main Hubs FOR-

WARD (downlink) port. If the duplex port is used, you must take into account the gain of the port (Table 7-22 on page 7-25) and adjust the input power accordingly. For example, the duplex port on the 800 MHz LGCell provides 30 dB gain. Therefore, the input power must be no greater than 25.5 dBm per carrier

(4.5 dBm 30 dBm). Similarly, the PCS LGCell has a duplex port gain of 40 dB. All other systems have 0 dB gain through all ports. 3. Building information:

8 floor building with 9,290 sq. meters (100,000 sq. ft.) per floor; total 74,322 sq. meters (800,000 sq. ft.) Walls are sheetrock construction; suspended ceiling tiles Antennas used will be omni-directional, ceiling mounted Standard office environment, 50% hard wall offices and 50% cubicles 4. Link Budget: In this example, a design goal of 85 dBm is used. Suppose 3 dBi omni-directional antennas are used in the design. Then, the maximum RF propa-

gation loss should be no more than 92.5 dB (4.5 dBm + 3 dBi + 85 dBm) over 95% of the area being covered. It is important to note that a design goal such as 85 dBm is usually derived taking into account multipath fading and log-normal shadowing characteristics. Thus, this design goal will only be met on average over 95% of the area being covered. At any given point, a fade may bring the sig-

nal level underneath the design goal. Note that this method of calculating a link budget is only for the downlink path. For information to calculate link budgets for both the downlink and uplink paths, see Section 7.4 on page 7-28. 5. Path Loss Slope: For a rough estimate, Table 7-13, Estimated Path Loss Slope for Different In-Building Environments on page 7-17, shows that a building with 50%

hard wall offices and 50% cubicles, at 859 MHz, has an approximate path loss slope

(PLS) of 37.6. Given the RF link budget of 92.3 dB, the distance of coverage from each RAU will be 42 meters (138 ft). This corresponds to a coverage area of 5,641 PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-23 Designing an LGCell Solution sq. meters (60,719 sq. ft.) per RAU (see Section 7.2.1 for details on path loss esti-

mation). For this case we assumed a circular radiation pattern, though the actual area covered will depend upon the pattern of the antenna and the obstructions in the facility. If the area to be covered is essentially an unobstructed hallway with some cover-

age for the offices on either side of the hallway, a more aggressive design using a lower PLS should be used. 6. Equipment Required: Since you know the building size, you can now estimate the LGCell equipment quantities that will be needed. Before any RF levels are tested in the building, you can estimate that 2 antennas per level will be needed. a. 2 antennas per floor 8 floors = 16 RAUs b. 16 RAUs 4 (max 4 RAUs per Expansion Hub) = 4 Expansion Hubs c. 4 Expansion Hubs 4 (max 4 Expansion Hubs per Main Hub) = 1 Main Hub Check that the MMF and Cat-5 cable distances are as recommended. If the dis-

tances differ, use the tables in Section 7.3, System Gain, on page 7-25 to deter-

mine system gains or losses. The path loss may need to be recalculated to assure adequate signal levels in the required coverage distance. The above estimates assume that all cable length requirements are met. If Expansion Hubs cannot be placed so that the RAUs are within the distance requirement, addi-

tional Expansion Hubs may need to be placed closer to the required RAUs locations. An RF Site Survey and Building Evaluation is required to accurately establish the LGCell equipment quantities required for the building. The site survey measures the RF losses within the building to determine the actual PLS, which will be used in the final path loss formula to determine the actual requirements of the LGCell. 7-24 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E System Gain 7.3 System Gain The following table shows a summary of the system gain when 1 km (3300 ft) of 62.5m/125m multimode fiber is used. The optical loss of 1 km (3300 ft) of MMF cable ranges from about 0.6 to 1.0 dB optical, depending on the type of cable

(i.e., riser zip-cord, loose tube, slotted core, etc.). Table 7-22 System Gain when using Duplex/Simplex Ports LGCell Frequency and Format 800 MHz Cellular 800 MHz iDEN 900 MHz GSM, EGSM 1800 MHz GSM 1900 MHz PCS System Gain (dB) Duplex Port Simplex Ports 30 0 0 0 40 0 0 0 0 0 NOTE: The maximum input power to the Main Hub is equal to the maximum output power of the RAU minus the system gain. For example, for a Cellular system with 6 TDMA carriers, the maximum output power is 4.5 dBm per carrier. If the duplex port is used, the maximum input power to the Main Hub should be no greater than 25.5 dBm per carrier. PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-25 Designing an LGCell Solution 7.3.1 System Gain (Loss) Relative to MMF Cable Length If the length of MMF cable is less than 1 km (3300 ft), the system gain will increase. If the cable length is between 1 km (3300 ft) and 2 km (6600 ft), the system gain will decrease as the cable length increases. Use the following formula for determining the nominal gain (or loss) of the LGCell. The length of the MMF cable is denoted by L:

gain (dB) = 3*(1

)L 1000 MMF Cable Length 1 m / 3.3 ft 500 m / 1650 ft 1000 m / 3300 ft 1500 m / 4950 ft 2000 m / 6600 ft System Gain (dB)

+3

+1.5 0 1.5 3 MMF cable length greater than 2 km (6600 ft) is not rec-

ommended. The optical power budget between the Main Hub and Expansion Hub, both downlink and uplink, is 3 dB optical. If fiber distribution panels are used, confirm that the total optical loss of fiber cable, from the Main Hub through distribution panels and patch cords to the Expansion Hub, does not exceed 3 dB optical. 7-26 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E

 

 

System Gain 7.3.2 System Gain (Loss) Relative to UTP/STP Cable Length The recommended minimum length of UTP/STP cable is 20 meters (66 ft) and the recommended maximum length is 50 meters (165 ft). If the UTP/STP cable is less than 20 meters (66 ft), system performance may not meet specifications; the absolute minimum cable length is 10 meters (33 ft). If the UTP/STP cable is longer than 50 meters (165 ft), the gain of the system will decrease, as shown in Table 7-23. Only shielded Cat-5 cable (STP) should be used when running parallel Cat-5 cables for an LGCell system. Table 7-23 System Gain (Loss) Relative to UTP/STP Cable Length Typical change in system gain (dB) Uplink Downlink 0.3 2.1 3.9 5.7 7.5 0.7 2.9 5.1 7.3 9.5 UTP/STP Cable Length 800 MHz Cellular; 800 MHz iDEN; and 900 MHz GSM and EGSM 60 m / 198 ft 70 m / 231 ft 80 m / 264 ft 90 m / 297 ft 100 m / 330 ft 1800 MHz DCS (GSM) 60 m / 198 ft 70 m / 231 ft 80 m / 264 ft 90 m / 297 ft 100 m / 330 ft 1900 MHz PCS 60 m / 198 ft 70 m / 231 ft 80 m / 264 ft 90 m / 297 ft 100 m / 330 ft 1.2 3.9 6.6 9.3 12 1.0 3.5 6.0 8.5 11 0.3 2.1 3.9 5.7 7.5 0.3 2.1 3.9 5.7 7.5 PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-27 Designing an LGCell Solution 7.4 Link Budget Analysis A link budget is a methodical way to account for the gains and losses in an RF system so that the quality of coverage can be predicted. The end result can often be stated as a design goal in which the coverage is determined by the maximum distance from each RAU before the signal strength falls beneath that goal. One key feature of the link budget is the maximum power per carrier discussed in Section 7.1. While the maximum power per carrier is important as far as emissions and signal quality requirements are concerned, it is critical that the maximum signal into the Main Hub never exceed +21 dBm (126mW) minus system gain. Composite power levels above this limit will cause damage to the Main Hub. Table 7-24 LGCell Maximum Input Power LGCell System Simplex Ports (all LGCells) Duplex Ports (Cellular) Duplex Ports (iDEN, GSM, EGSM, DCS, CDMA-Korea) Duplex Ports (1900 MHz PCS) Maximum Input Power

+21 dBm 9 dBm

+21 dBm 126mW 126W 126mW 19 dBm 12.6W WARNING: Exceeding the maximum input power could cause perma-

nent damage to the Main Hub. 7-28 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Link Budget Analysis 7.4.1 Elements of a Link Budget for Narrowband Standards The link budget represents a typical calculation that might be used to determine how much path loss can be afforded in an LGCell design. This link budget analyzes both the downlink and uplink paths. For most configurations, the downlink requires lower path loss and is therefore the limiting factor in the system design. It is for this reason that a predetermined design goal for the downlink is sufficient to predict coverage distance. The link budget is organized in a simple manner: the transmitted power is calculated, the airlink losses due to fading and body loss are summed, and the receiver sensitivity

(minimum level a signal can be received for acceptable call quality) is calculated. The maximum allowable path loss (in dB) is the difference between the transmitted power, less the airlink losses, and the receiver sensitivity. From the path loss, the maximum coverage distance can be estimated using the path loss formula presented in Section 7.2.1. Table 7-25 provides link budget considerations for narrowband systems. Table 7-25 Link Budget Considerations for Narrowband Systems Consideration BTS Transmit Power Attenuation between BTS and LGCell LGCell Gain Antenna Gain BTS Noise Figure LGCell Noise Figure Description The power per carrier transmitted from the base station output This includes all losses: cable, attenuator, splitter/combiner, and so forth. On the downlink, attenuation must be chosen so that the maximum power per carrier going into the Main Hub does not exceed the levels given in Section 7.1. On the uplink, attenuation is chosen to keep the maximum uplink signal and noise level low enough to prevent base station alarms but small enough not to cause degradation in the system sensitivity. If the LGCell noise figure minus the attenuation is at least 10 dB higher than the BTS noise figure, the system noise figure will be approximately that of the LGCell alone. See Section 7.5 for ways to independently set the uplink and downlink attenuations between the base station and the LGCell. This is the system gain (see Table 7-22 on page 7-25) The radiated output power includes antenna gain. For example, if you use a 3 dBi antenna at the RAU that is transmitting 0 dBm per carrier, the effective radiated power (relative to an isotropic radiator) is 3 dBm per carrier. This is the effective noise floor of the base station input (usually base station sensitivity is this effec-

tive noise floor plus a certain C/I ratio). This is the LGCells uplink noise figure, which varies depending on the number of Expansion Hubs and RAUs, and the frequency band. The LGCell uplink noise figure is specified for a 1-1-4 configu-

ration. Thus, the noise figure for an LGCell (or multiple LGCells whose uplink ports are power com-

bined) will be NF(1-1-4) + 10*log(# of Expansion Hubs). This represents an upper-bound because the noise figure is lower if any of the Expansion Hubs RAU ports are not used. PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-29 Designing an LGCell Solution Table 7-25 Link Budget Considerations for Narrowband Systems (continued) Consideration Thermal Noise Description This is the noise level in the signal bandwidth (BW). Thermal noise power = 174 dBm/Hz + 10Log(BW). Protocol TDMA CDMA GSM iDEN Signal Bandwidth 30 kHz 1.25 MHz 200 kHz 25 kHz Thermal Noise 129 dBm 113 dBm 121 dBm 130 dBm Required C/I ratio Mobile Transmit Power Multipath Fade Margin Log-normal Fade Margin Body Loss Minimum Received Signal Level For each wireless standard a certain C/I (carrier to interference) ratio is needed to obtain acceptable demodulation performance. For narrowband systems, (TDMA, GSM, EDGE, iDEN, AMPS) this level varies from about 9 dB to 20 dB. The maximum power the mobile can transmit (power transmitted at highest power level setting). This margin allows for a certain level of fading due to multipath interference. Inside buildings there is often one or more fairly strong signals and many weaker signals arriving from reflections and dif-

fraction. Signals arriving from multiple paths add constructively or destructively. This margin accounts for the possibility of destructive multipath interference. In RF site surveys this margin will not appear because it will be averaged out over power level samples taken over many locations. This margin adds an allowance for RF shadowing due to objects obstructing the direct path between the mobile equipment and the RAU. In RF site surveys, this shadowing will not appear because it will be averaged out over power level samples taken over many locations. This accounts for RF attenuation caused by the users head and body. This is also referred to as the design goal. The link budget says that you can achieve adequate cov-

erage if the signal level is, on average, above this level over 95% of the area covered, for example. 7-30 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Link Budget Analysis 7.4.2 Narrowband Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell Application Narrowband Link Budget Analysis: Downlink Line Downlink Transmitter a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. m. n. p. BTS transmit power per carrier (dBm) Attenuation between BTS and LGCell (dB) Power into LGCell (dBm) LGCell gain (dB) Antenna gain (dBi) Radiated power per carrier (dBm) Airlink Multipath fade margin (dB) Log-normal fade margin with 8 dB std. deviation, edge reliability 90%

(dB) Body loss (dB) Airlink losses (not including facility path loss) Receiver Thermal noise (dBm/30 kHz) Mobile noise figure (dB) Required C/I ratio (dB) Minimum received signal (dBm) Maximum path loss (dB) 33 30 3 0 3 6 6 10 3 19 129 7 12 110 97 c = a + b f = c + d + e j = g + h + i n = k + l + m k: in this example, k represents the thermal noise for a TDMA signal, which has a bandwidth of 30 kHz p = f j n PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-31 Designing an LGCell Solution Narrowband Link Budget Analysis: Uplink Line Uplink Receiver a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. m. n. p. BTS noise figure (dB) Attenuation between BTS and LGCell (dB) LGCell gain (dB) LGCell noise figure (dB) System noise figure (dB) Thermal noise (dBm/30 kHz) Required C/I ratio (dB) Antenna gain (dBi) Receive sensitivity (dBm) Airlink Multipath fade margin (dB) Log-normal fade margin with 8 dB std. deviation, edge reliability 90%

(dB) Body loss (dB) Airlink losses (not including facility path loss) Transmitter Mobile transmit power (dBm) Maximum path loss (dB) 4 10 0 27 27.2 129 12 3 92.8 6 10 3 19 28 101.8 e: enter the noise figure and gain of each system component (a, b, c, and d) into the standard cascaded noise figure formula Fsys = F1 +

F2 1 G1

F3 1 G1G2

+ .... where

(Noise Figure/10) F = 10 G = 10(Gain/10)

(See Rappaport, Theodore S. Wireless Communications, Principles, and Practice. Prentice Hall PTR, 1996.) i = f + e + g h m = j + k + l p = n m i 7-32 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E 7.4.3 Link Budget Analysis Elements of a Link Budget for CDMA Standards A CDMA link budget is slightly more complicated because the spread spectrum nature of CDMA must be considered. Unlike narrowband standards such as TDMA and GSM, CDMA signals are spread over a relatively wide frequency band. Upon reception, the CDMA signal is de-spread. In the de-spreading process the power in the received signal becomes concentrated into a narrow band, whereas the noise level remains unchanged. Hence, the signal-to-noise ratio of the de-spread signal is higher than that of the CDMA signal before de-spreading. This increase is called processing gain. For IS-95 and J-STD-008, the processing gain is 21 dB or 19 dB depending on the user data rate (9.6 Kbps for rate set 1 and 14.4 Kbps for rate set 2, respectively). Because of the processing gain, a CDMA signal (comprising one Walsh code channel within the composite CDMA signal) can be received at a lower level than that required for narrowband signals. A reasonable level is 95 dBm, which results in about 85 dBm composite as shown below. An important issue to keep in mind is that the downlink CDMA signal is composed of many orthogonal channels: pilot, paging, sync, and traffic. The composite power level is the sum of the powers from the individual channels. An example is given in the following table. Table 7-26 Distribution of Power within a CDMA Signal Channel Pilot Sync Primary Paging Traffic Walsh Code Number Relative Power Level 0 32 1 20%

5%

19%

831, 3363 9% (per traffic channel) 7.0 dB 13.3 dB 7.3 dB 10.3 dB This table assumes that there are 15 active traffic channels operating with 50% voice activity (so that the total power adds up to 100%). Notice that the pilot and sync chan-

nels together contribute about 25% of the power. When measuring the power in a CDMA signal you must be aware that if only the pilot and sync channels are active, the power level will be about 6 to 7 dB lower than the maximum power level you can expect when all voice channels are active. The implication is that if only the pilot and sync channels are active, and the maximum power per carrier table says that you should not exceed 10 dBm for a CDMA signal, for example, then you should set the attenuation between the base station and the LGCell so that the Main Hub receives 3 dBm (assuming 0 dB system gain). An additional consideration for CDMA systems is that the uplink and downlink paths should be gain and noise balanced. This is required for proper operation of soft-hand-

off to the outdoor network as well as preventing excess interference that is caused by mobiles on the indoor system transmitting at power levels that are not coordinated with the outdoor mobiles. This balance is achieved if the power level transmitted by PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-33 Designing an LGCell Solution the mobiles under close-loop power control is similar to the power level transmitted under open-loop power control. The open-loop power control equation is PTX + PRX = 73 dBm (for Cellular, IS-95) PTX + PRX = 76 dBm (for PCS, J-STD-008) where PTX is the mobiles transmitted power and PRX is the power received by the mobile. The power level transmitted under closed-loop power control is adjusted by the base station to achieve a certain Eb/N0 (explained in Table 7-27 on page 7-34). The differ-

ence between these power levels, P, can be estimated by comparing the power radi-

ated from the RAU, Pdownink, to the minimum received signal, Puplink, at the RAU:

P = Pdownink + Puplink + 73 dBm (for Cellular) P = Pdownink + Puplink + 76 dBm (for PCS) Its a good idea to keep 12 dB < P < 12 dB. Table 7-27 provides link budget considerations for CDMA systems. Table 7-27 Additional Link Budget Considerations for CDMA Systems Consideration Multipath Fade Margin Power per car-

rier, downlink Description The multipath fade margin can be reduced (by at least 3 dB) by using different lengths of optical fiber (this is called delay diversity). The delay over fiber is approximately 5S/km. If the difference in fiber lengths to Expansion Hubs with overlapping coverage areas produces at least 1 chip (0.8S) delay of one path relative to the other, then the multipaths signals can be resolved and processed independently by the base stations rake receiver. A CDMA signal traveling through 163 meters of MMF cable will be delayed by approximately one chip. This depends on how many channels are active. For example, the signal will be about 7 dB lower if only the pilot, sync, and paging channels are active compared to a fully-loaded CDMA signal. Furthermore, in the CDMA forward link, voice channels are turned off when the user is not speaking. On average this is assumed to be about 50% of the time. So, in the spreadsheet, both the power per Walsh code channel (rep-

resenting how much signal a mobile will receive on the Walsh code that it is de-spreading) and the total power are used. The channel power is needed to determine the maximum path loss, and the total power is needed to deter-

mine how hard the LGCell is being driven. The total power for a fully-loaded CDMA signal is given by (approximately):

total power = voice channel power + 13 dB + 10log10 (50%)

= voice channel power + 10 dB Information Rate This is simply 10log10(9.6 Kbps) = 40 dB for rate set 1 10log10(14.4 Kbps) = 42 dB for rate set 2 7-34 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Link Budget Analysis Table 7-27 Additional Link Budget Considerations for CDMA Systems Consideration Process Gain Description The process of de-spreading the desired signal boosts that signal relative to the noise and interference. This gain needs to be included in the link budget. In the following formulas, PG = process gain:

Eb/No PG = 10log10(1.25 MHz / 9.6 Kbps) = 21 dB rate set 1 PG = 10log10(1.25 MHz / 14.4 Kbps) = 19 dB rate set 2 Note that the process gain can also be expressed as 10log10 (CDMA bandwidth) minus the information rate. This is the energy-per-bit divided by the received noise and interference. Its the CDMA equivalent of sig-

nal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This figure depends on the mobiles receiver and the multipath environment. For example, the multipath delays inside a building are usually too small for a rake receiver in the mobile (or base station) to resolve and coherently combine multipath components. However, if artificial delay can be introduced by, for instance, using different lengths of cable, then the required Eb/No will be lower and the multipath fade margin in the link budget can be reduced in some cases. If the receiver noise figure is NF (dB), then the receive sensitivity (dBm) is given by:

Psensitivity = NF + Eb/No + thermal noise in a 1.25 MHz band PG

= NF + Eb/No 113 (dBm/1.25 MHz) PG Noise Rise On the uplink, the noise floor is determined not only by the LGCell, but also by the number of mobiles that are transmitting. This is because when the base station attempts to de-spread a particular mobiles sig-

nal, all other mobile signals appear to be noise. Because the noise floor rises as more mobiles try to com-

municate with a base station, the more mobiles there are, the more power they have to transmit. Hence, the noise floor rises rapidly:

Hand-off Gain noise rise = 10log10(1 / (1 loading)) where loading is the number of users as a percentage of the theoretical maximum number of users. Typically, a base station is set to limit the loading to 75%. This noise ratio must be included in the link budget as a worst-case condition for uplink sensitivity. If there are less users than 75% of the maximum, then the uplink coverage will be better than predicted. CDMA supports soft hand-off, a process by which the mobile communicates simultaneously with more than one base station or more than one sector of a base station. Soft hand-off provides improved receive sensitivity because there are two or more receivers or transmitters involved. A line for hand-off gain is included in the CDMA link budgets worksheet although the gain is set to 0 dB because the in-building system will probably be designed to limit soft-handoff. Other CDMA Issues Never combine multiple sectors (more than one CDMA signal at the same fre-

quency) into an LGCell. The combined CDMA signals will interfere with each other. Try to minimize overlap between in-building coverage areas that utilize different sectors, as well as in-building coverage and outdoor coverage areas. This is impor-

tant because any area in which more than one dominant pilot signal (at the same frequency) is measured by the mobile will result in soft-handoff. Soft-handoff decreases the overall network capacity by allocating multiple channel resources to a single mobile phone. PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-35 Designing an LGCell Solution 7.4.4 Spread Spectrum Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell Application Spread Spectrum Link Budget Analysis: Downlink Line Downlink Transmitter a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. m. n. o. p. q. r. s. t. u. v. w. x. y. BTS transmit power per carrier (dBm) Voice activity factor Maximum composite power (dBm) Attenuation between BTS and LGCell (dB) Power per carrier into LGCell (dBm) Composite power into LGCell (dBm) LGCell gain (dB) Antenna gain (dBi) Radiated power per carrier (dBm) Total radiated power (dBm) Airlink Handoff gain (dB) Multipath fade margin (dB) Log-normal fade margin with 8 dB std. deviation, edge reliability 90% (dB) Additional loss (dB) Body loss (dB) Airlink losses (not including facility path loss) Receiver Mobile noise figure (dB) Thermal noise (dBm/Hz) Receiver interference density (dBm/Hz) Information ratio (dB/Hz) Required Eb/(No+lo) Receive Sensitivity (dBm) Minimum received signal (dBm) Maximum path loss (dB) Difference between open- and closed-loop transmitter power (dB) 30.0 50%

40.0 30 3.0 10.0 0.0 3.0 3.0 13.0 7.0 6.0 10.0 0.0 3.0 19.0 7.0 174.0 167.0 41.6 7.0 118.4 99.4 102.4 2.0 7-36 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Link Budget Analysis b and c: see notes in Table 7-27 regarding power per carrier, downlink e = a + d f = c + d i = e + g + h j = f + g + h p = k + l + m + n + o s = q + r v = s + t + u w = p + v x = j w y = j (downlink) + m (uplink) + P where P = Ptx + Prx = 73 dB for Cellular 76 dB for PCS PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-37 Designing an LGCell Solution Spread Spectrum Link Budget Analysis: Uplink Line Uplink Receiver a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. m. n. o. p. q. r. s. t. u. BTS noise figure (dB) Attenuation between BTS and LGCell (dB) LGCell gain (dB) LGCell noise figure (dB) System noise figure (dB) Thermal noise (dBm/Hz) Noise rise 75% loading (dB) Receiver interference density (dBm/Hz) Information rate (dB/Hz) Required Eb/(No+lo) Handoff gain (dB) Antenna gain (dBi) Minimum received signal (dBm) Airlink Multipath fade margin (dB) Log-normal fade margin with 8 dB std. deviation, edge reliability 90% (dB) Additional loss (dB) Body loss (dB) Airlink losses (not including facility path loss) Transmitter Mobile transmit power (dBm) Effective transmitted power (dBm) Maximum path loss (dB) 3.0 30.0 0.0 23.0 33.4 174.0 6.0 134.6 41.6 5.0 0.0 3.0 91.0 6.0 10.0 0.0 3.0 19.0 28.0 9.0 100.0 7-38 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Link Budget Analysis e: enter the noise figure and gain of each system component (a, b, c, and d) into the standard cascaded noise figure formula Fsys = F1 +

F2 1 G1

F3 1 G1G2

+ .... where

(Noise Figure/10) F = 10 G = 10(Gain/10)

(See Rappaport, Theodore S. Wireless Communications, Principles, and Practice. Prentice Hall PTR, 1996.) h = e + f + g m = h + i + j k l u = t m r = n + o + p + q t = s r PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-39 Designing an LGCell Solution 7.4.5 Considerations for Re-Radiation (over-the-air) Systems The LGCell can be used to extend the coverage of the outdoor network by connecting to a roof-top donor antenna that is pointed toward an outdoor base station. Additional considerations for such an application of the LGCell are:

Sizing the gain and output power requirements for a bi-directional amplifier

(repeater). Ensuring that noise radiated on the uplink from the in-building system does not cause the outdoor base station to become desensitized to wireless handsets in the outdoor network. Filtering out signals that lie in adjacent frequency bands. For instance, if you are providing coverage for Cellular B-band operation it may be necessary to filter out the A, A and A bands which may contain strong signals from other outdoor base stations. Further information on these issues can be found in LGC Wireless application notes for re-radiation applications. 7-40 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station 7.5 Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station The first consideration when connecting LGCell Main Hubs to a base station is to ensure there is an equal amount of loss through cables, combiners, etc. from the base station to the Main Hubs. For this example, assume that the base station will have simplex connections, one uplink and one downlink. Each of these connections will need to be divided to equilibrate power for each Main Hub. For example, two Main Hubs will require a 21 combiner/divider; four Main Hubs will require a 41 com-

biner/divider; and so on. Figure 7-2 Connecting LGCell Main Hubs to a Simplex Base Station Base Station 2 1 combiner/divider Downlink/Forward LGCell Main Hub 1 LGCell Main Hub 2 Uplink/Reverse When connecting an LGCell to a base station, also consider the following:

1. The downlink power from the base station must be attenuated enough so that the power radiated by the RAU does not exceed the maximum power per carrier listed in Section 7.1, Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU, on page 7-3. 2. The uplink attenuation should be small enough that the sensitivity of the overall system is limited by the LGCell, not by the attenuator. However, some base sta-

tions are adversely affected by received signals that are above 50 dBm, for example. It is therefore helpful to attenuate the uplink in order to retain the maxi-

mum number of received signals. If, in an area covered by an LGCell, a mobile phone indicates good signal strength but consistently has difficulty completing calls, it is possible that the attenuation between the LGCell and base station needs to be adjusted. In other words, it is possi-

ble that if the uplink is over-attenuated, the downlink power will provide good cover-

age, but the uplink coverage distance will be small. The simplex ports of the Main Hub are usually used for base station connections. However, there is an exception. In cases where several base stations are combined to drive the LGCell(s), the loss from the combiners may be high enough to adversely affect the uplink sensitivity. Since the Cellular and PCS LGCells have gain on the duplex port, this port can be used as the reverse port to overcome the attenuation. NOTE: When using the duplex port on Cellular or PCS Main Hubs, reduce the power out of the base station to accommodate for the gain of the duplex port. For example, if the power out of the base station is 30 dBm per carrier, and the target RAU output is 0 dBm per carrier, you must attenuate the base station signal by 60 dB before going into the Main Hub because the system gain through the duplex port of the 800 MHz Cellular LGCell is 30 dB. (Refer to Table 7-22 on page 7-25.) PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-41 Designing an LGCell Solution 7.5.1 Attenuation Figure 7-3 shows a typical setup wherein a duplex base station is connected to an LGCell. For a simplex base station, eliminate the circulator and connect the simplex ports of the base station to the simplex ports of the Main Hub. Add attenuators to reg-

ulate the power appropriately. Figure 7-3 LGCell to Duplex Base Station or Repeater Connections Duplex Base Station or Repeater A3 A1 A2 Forward LGCell Main Hub Reverse A typical circulator has an IP3 of +70dBm. If you drive the circulator too hard it will produce intermods that are bigger than the intermods produced by the LGCell. Depending on the LGCell model, the IP3 at the Forward port input of the LGCell can be as high as +30 dBm. The IP3 of the circulator at that same point (i.e., following attenuator A1) is +70dBm A1. Thus, to keep the system IP3 from being adversely affected by the circulator, attenuator A1 should be no more than 35 dB. A filter diplexer can be used in place of the circulator. The IP3 of the diplexer can be assumed to be greater than +100 dBm. If a diplexer is used, A3 can be omitted. A1+A3 should be chosen so that the output power per carrier at the RAUs output is correct for the number of carriers being transmitted. Suppose the base station transmits 36 dBm per carrier and it is desired that the RAU output be 6 dBm per carrier and the forward port gain is 0 dB. Then A1+A3=30 dB. A2+A3 should, ideally, be at least 10 dB less than the noise figure plus the gain of the LGCell. For example, if the reverse port has a 0 dB gain (it does for all current LGCell mod-

els) and if there are eight RAUs, the noise figure (depending on the LGCell model) is approximately 25 dB. So A2+A3 should be about 10 to 15 dB. If A2+A3 is too large, the uplink coverage distance can be severely reduced. Given these three equations:

A1 35 dB A1+A3 = 30 dB (in this example) A2+A3 = 10 dB (in this example) we could choose A1=20 dB, A2=0 dB, A3=10 dB for this example. 7-42 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station 7.5.2 Uplink Attenuation The attenuation between the LGCells REVERSE port and the base station does two things:

1. 2. It attenuates the noise coming out of the LGCell. It attenuates the desired signals coming out of the LGCell. Setting the attenuation on the uplink is a trade-off between keeping the noise and maximum signal levels transmitted from the LGCell to the base station receiver low while not reducing the SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) of the path from the LGCell RAU inputs to the base station inputs. This SNR can not be better than the SNR of the LGCell by itself, although it can be significantly worse. For example, suppose we have a GSM LGCell system consisting of one Main Hub, four Expansion Hubs, and 16 RAUs (1-4-16) with uplink NF=28 dB. (See Table 7-27 on page 7-34.) If we use 30 dB of attenuation between the LGCells reverse port and the base station (which has its own noise figure of about 4 dB), the overall noise fig-

ure will be 35 dB. (Refer to the formula on page 7-32.) Thus, by using this amount of attenuation, the SNR is reduced by 7 dB. That causes a 7 dB reduction in the uplink coverage distance. Now, if the attenuation instead is 0 dB, the cascaded noise figure is NF=28.01 dB, which implies that the uplink sensitivity is limited by the LGCell, a desirable condition. But now the maximum signal from the LGCell into the base sta-

tion is as high as 40 dBm. This can cause problems for some base stations. We can reduce the maximum received signal levels by using some attenuation. For instance, if the attenuation is 10 dB, the maximum received signal is 50 dBm and the noise level is reduced by 10 dB but the cascaded noise figure is still only 28.16 dB (for a SNR reduction of only 0.15 dB). Even with a 20 dB attenuator, the cascaded noise figure is 29.45 dB. This is an SNR reduction of 1.44 dB. So, in this situation it would be good to use at least 10 dB of uplink attenuation but not more than 20 dB. Rule of Thumb A good rule of thumb is to set the uplink attenuation, A2+A3 in Figure 7-3 on page 7-42, as follows:

A2+A3 < LGCell uplink NF + uplink gain (0 dB for reverse port) BTS NF 10dB and round A2 down to the nearest convenient attenuation value. PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-43 Designing an LGCell Solution 7.5.2.1 Uplink Attenuation Exception: CDMA In CDMA systems, the power transmitted by the mobile is determined by the charac-

teristics of both the uplink and downlink paths. The power transmitted by the mobile should be similar in open-loop control (as determined by the downlink path) as dur-

ing closed-loop control (as determined by the uplink and downlink paths). In addi-

tion, the mobiles transmit power when it communicates with a base station through the LGCell should be similar to the power transmitted when it communicates with a base station in the outdoor network (during soft hand-off). Because of these consider-

ations, you should not allow the downlink and uplink gains to vary widely. Open-loop power control:

PTX = 76 dBm (for PCS) PRX where PTX is the power transmitted and PRX is the power received by the mobile. If PL is the path loss (in dB) between the RAU and the mobile, and PDN is the downlink power radiated by the RAU, then PTX = 76 dBm (for PCS) PDN + PL Closed-loop power control:

PTX = noise floor + uplink NF process gain + Eb/No + PL

= 113 dBm/1.25 Mhz + NF 19 dB + 7 dB + PL where Eb/No = 7 dB is a rough estimate, and NF is the cascaded noise figure of the LGCell uplink, the uplink attenuation, and the base station noise figure. Equating PTX for the open-loop and closed-loop we see that NF = 49 PDN where PDN is determined by the downlink attenuation. Since PDN for the LGCell is about 10 dBm, we see that the cascaded noise figure is about 39 dB, which is consid-

erably higher than that of the LGCell itself. This implies that we should use a fairly large attenuation on the uplink. This case suggests using as much attenuation on the downlink as on the uplink. The drawback of doing this is that the uplink coverage sensitivity is reduced. A link budget analysis will clarify these issues. Typically, the uplink attenuation between the LGCell and the base station will be the same as, or maybe 10dB less than, the downlink attenuation. 7-44 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Designing for a Neutral Host System 7.6 Designing for a Neutral Host System Designing the LGCell for a neutral host system uses the same design rules previously discussed. Since a neutral host system typically uses multiple systems in parallel, we find it best to design for the worst case system so that there will not be holes in the covered area and the economies of a single installation can be achieved. For example, as indicated Section 7.1, the 1900 MHz RF signals do not propagate throughout a building as well as the 800 MHz systems, therefore, we design to the 1900 MHz path loss formula. 7.6.1 Capacity of the LGCell Neutral Host System As indicated in Section 2.3, System Bandwidths, on page 2-11, each Main Hub can support more than one sub-band of the Cellular or PCS bands. The exception to this is the iDEN Main Hub, because the SMR band is not split into sub-bands. The 800 MHz Main Hub can support both the A band and the B band simultaneously. Also, the 1800 MHz and 1900 MHz Main Hubs can support two bands each (as the frequencies currently are allocated). For example, a neutral host system that consists of one iDEN, one 800 MHz, and two 1900 MHz systems can support up to seven separate service providers:

1 on iDEN 2 on 800 MHz, A band and B band 2 in each 1900 MHz PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-45 Designing an LGCell Solution 7.6.2 Example LGCell Neutral Host System The following example configuration assumes:

0 dBm per carrier output Each System supports two bands, and therefore, two Operators

(Exception: iDEN supports one Operator) Example Configuration:

800 MHz iDEN: System 1 l - iDEN system: 8 Channels, 23 voice calls 800 MHz Cellular: System 2 l - TDMA Band: 8 Channels, 23 voice calls l - CDMA Band: 2 Channels, 3040 voice calls 1900 MHz PCS: Systems 3 & 4 (2 band combinations/system) l - TDMA Band: 8 Channels, 23 voice calls l - CDMA Band: 2 Channels, 3040 voice calls l - GSM Band: 4 Channels, 31 voice calls Number of subscribers* that could be served in this example:

800 MHz Cellular: System 1 l - iDEN Operator: 23 voice calls, 315 subscribers 800 MHz Cellular: System 2 l - TDMA Operator: 23 voice calls, 315 subscribers l - CDMA Operator: 3040 voice calls, 438620 subscribers 1900 MHz PCS: Systems 3 & 4 (2 band combinations/system) l - TDMA Operator: 23 voice calls, 315 subscribers l - CDMA Operator: 3040 voice calls, 438620 subscribers l - GSM Operator: 31 voice calls, 456 subscribers This configuration supports growth for up to 7 Operators.

* Based on Standard Erlang B 2% GOS requirement. Each user has a 0.05 wireless Erlang which is higher than the standard 0.035 wireless Erlang. 7-46 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E SECTION 8 Installation Requirements and Safety Precautions This section contains the following subsections:

Section 8.1 Installation Requirements . 8-2 Section 8.1.1 Cable and Connector Requirements . 8-2 Section 8.1.2 Neutral Host System Requirements . 8-2 Section 8.1.3 Distance Requirements . 8-3 Section 8.2 Safety Precautions . 8-4 Section 8.2.1 Underwriters Laboratory Installation Guidelines . 8-4 Section 8.2.2 General Safety Precautions . 8-5 Section 8.2.3 Fiber Port Safety Precautions . 8-6 PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 8-1 Installation Requirements and Safety Precautions 8.1 Installation Requirements 8.1.1 Cable and Connector Requirements The LGCell equipment operates over standard TIA/EIA 568-A specification, Cate-

gory 5 (Cat-5) unshielded twisted pair (UTP) or shielded twisted pair (STP) and stan-

dard 62.5m/125m multimode fiber cable (MMF), at a wavelength of 1310 nanometers (nm). These cables are widely used industry standards for Local Area Networks (LANs). The regulations and guidelines for LGCell cable installation are identical to those specified by the TIA/EIA 568-A standard for LANs. European standards require that only STP cable be used. Also, to ensure specified performance, STP cable is required in all multi-system installations that use parallel Cat-5 cables in common ducting. LGC Wireless recommends plenum-rated Cat-5 UTP/STP and MMF cable and con-

nectors for conformity to building codes and standards. 8.1.2 Neutral Host System Requirements As in any LGCell system, a neutral host system requires one pair of MMF strands between each Main Hub and each Expansion Hub, and one Cat-5 cable between each Expansion Hub and each RAU. To help achieve the cost savings possible in a neutral host system, it is advantageous to install additional cables for future growth. To alleviate the possibility of interference between LGCell systems, STP cable is required for neutral host systems. 8-2 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Installation Requirements 8.1.3 Distance Requirements The following table shows the distances between LGCell components and related equipment. Table 8-1 LGCell Distance Requirements Equipment Combination Repeater to Main Hub Base Station to Main Hub Main Hub to Expansion Hub Cable Type Coaxial; N male connectors Coaxial; N male connectors 62.5m/125m Multimode Fiber;

ST male optical con-

nectors Distance 36 m (1020 ft) typical 36 m (1020 ft) typical 1 km (3300 ft) Expansion Hub to RAU Cat-5 STP/UTP;

RJ-45 male connec-

tors 10 m (33 ft) absolute minimum 20 m (66 ft) recommended min. 50 m (165 ft) recommended max. RAU to passive antenna Coaxial; SMA male connectors 13.5 m (312 ft) typical Additional Information Limited by loss and noise. Refer to your link budget calculation. Limited by loss and noise. Refer to your link budget calculation. Up to 2 km (6600 ft) allowed.

(See System Gain (Loss) Rel-

ative to MMF Cable Length on page 7-26.) 3 dB optical loss, port-to-port Up to 100 m (330 ft) allowed.

(See System Gain (Loss) Rel-

ative to UTP/STP Cable Length on page 7-27.) Limited by loss and noise. Refer to your link budget calculation. PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 8-3 Installation Requirements and Safety Precautions 8.2 Safety Precautions 8.2.1 Underwriters Laboratory Installation Guidelines Use the following guidelines when installing the LGCell:

1. Do not exceed the maximum ambient air temperature of 45C during operation. Provide sufficient airflow and cooling within the rack to prevent heat build-up from exceeding this limit. 2. Be careful when servicing these products. If you are removing the system from the rack, turn it off and remove the power cord first. There are no user-serviceable parts inside the hubs or RAUs. 3. Do not compromise the amount of airflow required for safe operation of the equipment when installing it in a rack. Both the Main Hub and the Expansion Hub draw in air on the left side and exhaust heated air at the rear. The hubs pass approximately 6 cu. ft. of air per minute through themselves. The Main Hub dissi-

pates a maximum of 25 watts of heat from its internal circuitry and the Expansion Hub dissipates a maximum of 55 watts (with 4 RAUs attached). 4. The AC input current consumption of the hubs is rated as follows:

Main Hub Typical:

117V AC, 0.22 amp @ 60 Hz 230V AC, 0.11 amp @ 50 Hz Maximum:

117V AC, 0.30 amp @ 60 Hz 230V AC, 0.15 amp @ 50 Hz Expansion Hub Typical:

117V AC, 0.50 amp @ 60 Hz 230V AC, 0.25 amp @ 50 Hz Maximum:

117V AC, 0.70 amp @ 60 Hz 230V AC, 0.35 amp @ 50 Hz The internal power supply has internal fuses that are not user replaceable. Con-

sider the worst-case power consumption shown on the product labels when provi-

sioning the racks AC power source and distribution. 8-4 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Safety Precautions 8.2.2 General Safety Precautions The following precautions apply to LGCell products. LGCell has no user-serviceable parts. Faulty or failed units are fully replaceable through LGC Wireless. Please contact us at:

1-800-530-9960 (U.S. only)

+1-408-952-2400 (International)

+44(0) 1223 597812 (Europe) Never input an RF signal to the Main Hubs duplex or simplex ports that is higher than those defined in Section 7.1 on page 7-3 because the Main Hub could be dam-

aged. Although modeled after an Ethernet/LAN architecture and connectivity, LGCell units are not intended to connect to Ethernet data hubs, routers, cards, or other sim-

ilar data equipment. When you connect the multimode fiber (MMF) optical cable, take the same pre-

caution as if installing Ethernet network equipment. All optical fiber ST connec-

tors should be cleaned according to the connector manufacturers instructions. When you connect a radiating antenna to an RAU, DO NOT over-tighten the SMA connector. Firmly hand-tightening the connector is adequate. WARNING: To reduce the risk of fire or electric shock, do not expose this equipment to rain or moisture. PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 8-5 Installation Requirements and Safety Precautions 8.2.3 Fiber Port Safety Precautions The following are suggested safety precautions for working with LGCell fiber ports. For information about LGCell compliance with safety standards, see Appendix B. WARNING: Observe the following warning about viewing fiber ends in ports. Do not stare with unprotected eyes at the connector ends of the fibers or the ports of the hubs. Invisible infrared radiation is present at the front panel of the Main Hub and the Expansion Hub. Do not remove the fiber port dust caps unless the port is going to be used. Do not stare directly into a fiber port. Test fiber cables: When you test fiber optical cables, connect the optical power source last and disconnect it first. Fiber ends: Cover any unconnected fiber ends with an approved cap. Do not use tape. Broken fiber cables: Do not stare with unprotected eyes at any broken ends of the fibers. Report any broken fiber cables and have them replaced. Cleaning: Use only approved methods for cleaning optical fiber connectors. Modifications: Do not make any unauthorized modifications to this fiber optical system or associated equipment. Live work: Live work is permitted on the LGCell as it is a Class 1 hazard. Signs: No warning signs are required. Test equipment: Use Class 1 test equipment. 8-6 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E SECTION 9 Installing the LGCell This section contains the following:

Section 9.1 Inspecting Shipment . 9-2 Section 9.2 Installing the Main Hub . 9-3 Section 9.3 Installing the Expansion Hub . 9-20 Section 9.4 Installing the Remote Access Unit . 9-28 CAUTION:Although modeled after an Ethernet/LAN architecture, LGCell units are not intended to be connected to Ethernet data hubs, routers, or other similar data equipment. NOTE: Only LGC Wireless personnel and approved Certified Installation Service Provider (CISP) personnel are authorized to install LGCell systems. Frequency bands are licensed for use by wireless operators. PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 9-1 Installing the LGCell 9.1 Inspecting Shipment Follow this procedure before installing LGCell equipment:

1. Verify the number of packages received against the packing list. 2. Check all packages for external damage; report any external damage to the ship-

ping carrier. If there is damage, a shipping carrier agent should be present before unpacking and inspecting the contents because damage caused during transit is the responsibility of the shipping agent. 3. Open and check each package against the packing slip. If any items are missing, contact LGC Wireless customer service. 4. Do not remove items from antistatic packing until you are ready to install them. If damage is discovered at the time of installation, contact the shipping agent. 9-2 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Installing the Main Hub Installing the Main Hub 9.2 9.2.1 Main Hub Installation Checklist

Installation Requirement Floor Plans Main Hub AC power available Rack space available Clearance for air circulation Suitable operating environment Consideration Installation location of equipment clearly marked Same frequency and protocol as Expansion Hub(s) Power cord is 2 m (6.5 ft) long 117V AC, 0.3 amp @ 60 Hz 230V AC, 0.15 amp @ 50 Hz 4.4 cm (1.75 in.) high 7.6 cm (3 in.) front and rear 0 to 45C (32 to 113F) 5% to 95% non-condensing humidity Donor Antenna-to-LGCell Configuration Donor Antenna Lightning Arrestor or Surge Suppressor Repeater Installed, inspected; N-male to N-male coaxial cable to lightning arrestor/surge sup-

pressor Installed between roof-top antenna and repeater; N-male to N-male coaxial cable Installed between lightning arrestor/surge suppressor and Main Hub; N-male to N-male coaxial cable Base Station-to-LGCell Configuration Microcellular Base Station Verify RF power (see tables in Section 7.1); N-male to N-male coaxial cable;

installed, inspected Attenuation may be required to achieve the desired RF output per carrier at the RAU LGCell Alarms to Base Station Alarm cable Cascading multiple Main Hubs Power combiner/divider Cabling Coax (Simplex) Coax (Duplex) MMF If connecting one LGCell system to the base station, make custom cable on site. If connecting multiple LGCell systems to the base station, use the 5-port Daisy-Chain Alarm Cable (PN 4022-5). As necessary, make a custom cable to mate the Daisy-Chain Alarm Cable to the base stations input alarm connec-

tor port. N-male to N-male coaxial cables; power combiner/divider to Main Hub and base station or repeater Coax approved; N-type male unidirectional connectors; repeater or base station to Main Hub Coax approved; N-type male, bidirectional connectors; repeater or base station to Main Hub 62.5m/125m; ST optical connectors, male; up to 1 km (3300 ft); Main Hub to Expansion Hubs PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-3 Installing the LGCell

Consideration Installation Requirement Distances Main Hub is within 36m

(1020 ft) of connecting repeater Main Hub is within 36m

(1020 ft) of connecting base station Main Hub is within 1 km (3300 ft) of Expansion Hub(s); 3 dB optical link budget Miscellaneous Cable manager If longer distance, determine the loss of the cable used for this connection and adjust the RF signal into the Main Hub accordingly. This can be done by readjusting the power from the base station, or by changing the attenuation value between the base station/repeater and the Main Hub. Rack space immediately above or below the Main Hub; 8.9 cm (3.5 in.) high 9.2.2 Tools and Materials Required to Install Main Hub The tools and materials required to install the Main Hub are listed in the following table.

Description Philips screwdriver Mounting screws and spring nuts Fiber cleaning supplies (optical grade alcohol and lint-free wipes) Compressed air (optical grade) 9-4 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Installing the Main Hub 9.2.3 Main Hub Installation Procedures Procedures in this section:

Installing the Main Hub in a Rack . 9-5 Connecting Power and Powering Up . 9-6 Installing an Optional Cable Manager in a Rack . 9-6 Connecting the MMF cables . 9-7 Check the Main Hub Functionality LEDs . 9-8 Check the Main Hub MMF Port LEDs . 9-8 Connecting a Main Hub to a Roof-top Antenna . 9-9 Installing the Main Hub in a Rack The Main Hub (1U high) mounts in a standard 19 in. (48.3 cm) equipment rack. Allow front and rear clearance of 7.6 cm (3 in.) for air circulation. The Main Hub is shipped with #10-32 mounting screws. Another common rack thread is #12-24. Confirm that the mounting screws match the racks threads. Insert spring nuts into rack where needed or use existing threaded holes. 1. 2. Place the Main Hub into the rack from the front. 3. Align the flange holes with the spring nuts installed in Step 1. 4. 5. Tighten the mounting screws. Insert the mounting screws in the appropriate positions in the rack. PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-5 Installing the LGCell Connecting Power and Powering Up After mounting the Main Hub in the rack, connect AC power. You may use multiple outlet surge protectors for multiple Main Hubs. 1. Connect the AC power cord to the Main Hub (labeled 1 on the following figure). 2. Plug the power cord into an outlet providing AC power. DOWN UP LINK STATUS SYNC LINK STATUS SYNC TO EXPANSION HUB PORTS DOWN UP DOWN UP LINK STATUS SYNC DOWN UP LINK STATUS SYNC SYNC POWER 1 2 3 4 LGCellTM Main Hub AC POWER 3. Flip the Main Hubs power switch from position 0 to position 1 (labeled 2 on the figure above.) The front panel unit functionality LEDs, POWER and SYNC, should be green (lit). Installing an Optional Cable Manager in a Rack Fasten the cable manager to the rack, immediately above or below the Main Hub, using screws. 9-6 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Installing the Main Hub Connecting the MMF cables Before connecting the MMF cables, confirm that the optical loss does not exceed 3 dB optical. If fiber distribution panels are used, confirm that the total optical loss of fiber cable, from the Main Hub through distribution panels and patch cords to the Expansion Hub, does not exceed 3 dB optical. Connect all MMF cables (two per port) to the MMF ST female optical connectors

(labeled DOWN and UP) on the Main Hub front panel. Use any available Main Hub port. To clean the fiber ports:

Use compressed air to blow dust out of each fiber port before you insert the ST opti-

cal connector. Note that compressed air should not leave any residue as this will con-

taminate the fiber port. To clean the fiber connectors:

Be sure that the MMF cable ST optical connectors are clean and free of dust or oils. If the fiber connector front face is not free of dust or oils, follow the manufacturers rec-

ommendations for cleaning it. To connect the MMF cables:

The MMF cable is labeled with either 1 or 2, or is color-coded. This differentiates the connectors for proper connection between the Main Hub and Expansion Hubs. If the fiber jumper is labeled with 1 or 2:

1. Connect 1 to UP on Main Hub. 2. Connect 2 to DOWN on Main Hub. 3. Record which cable number you connected to UP and DOWN. This information is needed when connecting the other end of the MMF cable to the Expansion Hub ports. If the fiber jumper is color-coded (for example, blue or red):

1. Connect blue to UP on Main Hub. 2. Connect red to DOWN on Main Hub. 3. Record which cable color you connected to UP and DOWN. This information is needed when connecting the other end of the MMF cable to the Expansion Hub ports. PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-7 Installing the LGCell Check the Main Hub Functionality LEDs The unit functionality LEDs (POWER and SYNC) should be green. If not, cycle the power to reset the Main Hub. Check the Main Hub MMF Port LEDs The MMF port LEDs (LINK STATUS and SYNC) should be red. This indicates that the other end of the MMF cable is not yet connected to the Expansion Hub ports. NOTE: Refer to Section 10 for troubleshooting LEDs. NOTE: You do not have to use all of the MMF ports on the Main Hub. Unused ports do not need to be terminated. Free ports can be used for future growth and to manage changes in the in-building system. 9-8 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Installing the Main Hub 9.2.4 Interfacing LGCell to Base Stations WARNING: Exceeding the maximum input power could cause fail-

ure of the Main Hub (refer to Section 7.1 on page 7-3 for maximum power ratings). Attenuators may be required to limit the maximum composite power into the Main Hub. Connecting a Main Hub to a Roof-top Antenna LGC Wireless recommends that you use a lightning arrestor or surge protector in a roof-top antenna configuration. Insert the lightning arrestor or surge protector between the roof-top antenna and the repeater that is connected to the Main Hub. 1. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the roof-top antenna. 2. Connect the other end of the N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the grounded surge suppressor. 3. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the grounded surge suppressor. 4. Connect the other end of the N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the repeater. 5. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the repeater. 6. Connect the other end of the N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the circulator 1 connector. 7. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the circulator 2 connector. 8. Connect the other end of the N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the FORWARD simplex connector on the Main Hub. Attenuation may be required to achieve the desired RF output at the RAU. 9. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the circulator 3 connector. 10. Connect the other end of the N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the REVERSE sim-

plex connector on the Main Hub. Roof-top Antenna N-male to N-male Coaxial Cable Grounded Surge Suppressor N-male to N-male Coaxial Cable Repeater Circulator Attenuator N-male to N-male Coaxial Cables REVERSE FORWARD DUPLEX DIAGNOSTIC 2 DIAGNOSTIC 1 PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-9 Installing the LGCell Connecting a Main Hub to an In-Building Base Station Connecting a Simplex Base Station to a Main Hub:

1. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the transmit simplex connector on the base station. 2. Connect the other end of the N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the FORWARD simplex connector on the Main Hub. 3. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the receive simplex connector on the base station. 4. Connect the other end of the N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the REVERSE sim-

plex connector on the Main Hub. Figure 9-1 Simplex Base Station to LGCell Main Hub REVERSE FORWARD DUPLEX DIAGNOSTIC 2 DIAGNOSTIC 1 Insert attenuator, if needed N-male to N-male Coaxial Cable Simplex Microcellular Base Station T1/E1 to Mobile Switching Center 9-10 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Installing the Main Hub Connecting a Duplex Base Station to a Main Hub:

When connecting to a duplex base station, it is recommended that you use a circulator and connect to the simplex ports on the Main Hub. You can insert attenuators between the base station and circulator, and between the circulator and Main Hub as needed; refer to Section 7.5.1 on page 7-42 for more information. 1. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the duplex connector on the base station. 2. Connect the other N-male connector to a circulator. 3. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the FORWARD simplex connector on the Main Hub. 4. Connect the other end of the N-male coaxial cable to the transmit connector on the circulator. 5. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the REVERSE simplex connector on the Main Hub. 6. Connect the other end of the N-male coaxial cable to the receive connector on the circulator. Figure 9-2 Duplex Base Station to LGCell Main Hub REVERSE FORWARD DUPLEX DIAGNOSTIC 2 DIAGNOSTIC 1 Insert attenuator, if needed N-male to N-male Coaxial Cable Circulator N-male to N-male Coaxial Cable Duplex Microcellular Base Station T1/E1 to Mobile Switching Center PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-11 Installing the LGCell Using the Duplex Port to Increase Gain on the Uplink Because some types of LGCells have duplex ports with gains of 0, 30, or 40 dB, depending on the frequency and protocol, you can use the simplex forward port for the downlink signals and the duplex port for the uplink signals when gain on the uplink is desired. Duplex port gain is shown in the table in Figure 9-3. Connecting a Duplex Base Station to the LGCell Duplex/Simplex Ports:

1. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the duplex connector on the base station. 2. Connect the other N-male connector to a circulator. 3. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the FORWARD simplex connector on the Main Hub. 4. Connect the other end of the N-male coaxial cable to the transmit connector on the circulator. 5. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the DUPLEX connector on the Main Hub. 6. Connect the other end of the N-male coaxial cable to the receive connector on the circulator. Figure 9-3 Duplex Base Station to LGCell Main Hub REVERSE FORWARD DUPLEX DIAGNOSTIC 2 DIAGNOSTIC 1 LGCell Frequency/Format 800 MHz Cellular 800 MHz iDEN 900 MHz GSM / EGSM 1800 MHz DCS (GSM) 1900 MHz PCS Insert attenuator, if needed Duplex Port Gain (dB) Simplex Port Gain (dB) 30 0 0 0 40 0 0 0 0 0 N-male to N-male Coaxial Cable Circulator N-male to N-male Coaxial Cable Duplex Microcellular Base Station T1/E1 to Mobile Switching Center 9-12 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Installing the Main Hub Connecting a Simplex Base Station to the LGCell Duplex/Simplex Ports:

1. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the transmit connector on the base station. 2. Connect the other end of the N-male coaxial cable to the FORWARD simplex con-

nector on the Main Hub. 3. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the receive connector on the base station. 4. Connect the other end of the N-male coaxial cable to the DUPLEX connector on the Main Hub. Figure 9-4 Duplex Base Station to LGCell Main Hub REVERSE FORWARD DUPLEX DIAGNOSTIC 2 DIAGNOSTIC 1 N-male to N-male Coaxial Cable Simplex Microcellular Base Station T1/E1 to Mobile Switching Center Insert attenuator, if needed LGCell Frequency/Format 800 MHz Cellular 800 MHz iDEN 900 MHz GSM / EGSM 1800 MHz DCS (GSM) 1900 MHz PCS Duplex Port Gain (dB) Simplex Port Gain (dB) 30 0 0 0 40 0 0 0 0 0 PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-13 Installing the LGCell 9.2.4.1 Connecting Multiple LGCell Systems to a Base Station You can use power combiners/dividers as dividers to connect multiple LGCells in order to increase the total number of RAUs in a system. You can use power combin-

ers/dividers to combine base station channels in order to increase the number of RF carriers the system transports. Connecting Two LGCells to a Base Station Connecting two LGCells increases the total number of supportable RAUs from 16 to 32. Two Main Hubs support up to eight Expansion Hubs which in turn support up to 32 RAUs. The following equipment is required:

A 2x1 or 2x2 hybrid power combiner/divider 3 N-male to N-male coaxial jumper cables Figure 9-5 Connecting Two LGCell Main Hubs using their Duplex Ports N-male to N-male Coaxial Jumper Cable to Repeater or Base Station 2 x 1 Power Combiner/Splitter REVERSE FORWARD DUPLEX DIAGNOSTIC 2 DIAGNOSTIC 1 N-male to N-male Coaxial Jumper Cables REVERSE FORWARD DUPLEX DIAGNOSTIC 2 DIAGNOSTIC 1 9-14 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Installing the Main Hub Connecting Two LGCells to a Base Station 1. Connect the DUPLEX, FORWARD, or REVERSE connector of one of the Main Hubs to an input/output port on the power combiner/divider using an N-male to N-male coaxial cable jumper. 2. Connect the DUPLEX, FORWARD, or REVERSE connector of the second Main Hub to the second input/output port on the power combiner/divider using an N-male to N-male coaxial cable jumper. 3. Connect the combined port of the power combiner/divider to an base station or a repeater using an N-male to N-male coaxial cable jumper. 4. Check the Main Hub LEDs. After connecting the LGCells, check all Main Hub LEDs to ensure that the system is operating properly. Connecting More Than Two LGCells to a Base Station Repeat this procedure to connect any number of LGCell systems. For three systems, use a 3x1 power combiner/divider, and so on. NOTE: When you are connecting multiple LGCells to the FORWARD and REVERSE simplex ports, you will have to use a power combiner/divider for each direction. Ter-

minate each unused power combiner/divider port with a 50 ohm terminator. PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-15 Installing the LGCell 9.2.5 Reporting LGCell Alarms to a Base Station Report LGCell alarms to the base station by connecting the DIAGNOSTIC 1 port (see 9-pin D-sub Connector on page 3-7) on the Main Hubs rear panel to the base sta-

tions alarm port. Connecting a Single LGCell Systems Alarms to a Base Station Make a custom cable for this connection. See 9-pin D-sub Connector on page 3-7 for the Main Hubs alarm connector pin assignment. Connecting Multiple LGCell Systems Alarms to a Base Station Use the 5-port Daisy-Chain Alarm Cable (PN 4022-5), shown in Figure 9-6, to route alarms from multiple LGCells to the base station. Depending on the base stations alarm connectors pin assignment, you may need to make a custom adapter cable in order to connect the LGCell alarms to the base sta-

tion. 9-16 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Figure 9-6 5-port Daisy-Chain Alarm Cable 1 meter (3 feet) DB-9 male Pins 7 and 9 Base Station

(an adapter cable may be required) 7 9 J 1 DB-9 male Pins 7 and 9 DB-9 male Pins 7 and 9 DB-9 male Pins 7 and 9 DB-9 male Pins 7 and 9 DB-9 female Pin 7 Option 1: Connect 5 units to cable using J2 through J6; J7 is unused. OR Option 2: Connect four units to first cable using J2 through J5, connect J6 to an addi-

tional daisy-chain cables J1 connector; J7 is unused. OR Option 3: Connect fewer than four units to cable and terminate the circuit by connect-

ing the J7 connector into the lowest num-

bered unused male connector. Installing the Main Hub 2 Pin 7 J Pin 9 X LGCell Main Hub DIAGNOSTIC 1 Port 3 Pin 7 J Pin 9 X LGCell Main Hub DIAGNOSTIC 1 Port 4 Pin 7 J Pin 9 X LGCell Main Hub DIAGNOSTIC 1 Port 5 Pin 7 J Pin 9 X LGCell Main Hub DIAGNOSTIC 1 Port 6 J Pin 7 Pin 9 X LGCell Main Hub DIAGNOSTIC 1 Port 7 J Pin 7 To connect 2 to 4 LGCell systems to a base stations alarms:

1. Connect the alarm cables J2 connector to the DIAGNOSTIC 1 port on the first Main Hub. 2. Connect the alarm cables J3 connector to the DIAGNOSTIC 1 port on the second Main Hub, and so on. 3. Connect the J7 connector to the lowest numbered unused male connector (J2 through J6). For example, when connecting 2 LGCell Main Hubs, connect J7 to J4 and leave J5 and J6 unterminated. PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-17 Installing the LGCell To connect 5 LGCell systems to a base stations alarms:

Connect the alarm cables J2 through J6 connectors to the DIAGNOSTIC 1 port on five Main Hubs. The J7 connector is unused and is left unterminated. To connect more than 5 LGCell systems to a base stations alarms:

1. Connect the first alarm cables J2 through J5 connectors to the DIAGNOSTIC 1 port on four Main Hubs. 2. Connect the J1 connector of the second daisy-chain cable to the J6 connector on the first cable; J7 is unused. You can add daisy-chain cables to accommodate up to 21 Main Hubs in a single chain. 3. Connect the J7 connector to the lowest numbered unused male connector (J2 through J6), if there is one. 9-18 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Installing the Main Hub 9.2.6 Installing Main Hubs in a Neutral Host System Installing Main Hubs in a neutral host system is the same as described in Section 9.2.3 on page 9-5. We recommend mounting all neutral host system Main Hubs in the same rack(s), grouped by frequency or carrier. For example, group the Main Hubs for the iDEN carrier(s) together, then the 800 MHz Cellular carrier(s), and so on. Connecting to base stations and repeaters is the same as described in Section 9.2.4 on page 9-9 and Section 9.2.4.1 on page 9-14. PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-19 Installing the LGCell 9.3 Installing the Expansion Hub 9.3.1 Expansion Hub Installation Checklist

Installation Requirement Floor Plans Expansion Hub AC power available Rack space or wall mount location available Suitable operating environment Cabling Cat-5 UTP/STP MMF Consideration Installation location of equipment clearly marked Same frequency and protocol as Main Hub Power cord is 2 m (6.5 ft) long 117V AC, 0.70 amp @ 60 Hz 230V AC, 0.35 amp @ 50 Hz 4.4 cm (1.75 in.) high, 1U;

Clearance: 3 in. front and rear 0 to 45C (32 to 113F) 5% to 95% non-condensing humidity TIA/EIA 568-A approved; RJ-45 male connectors; Expansion Hub to RAUs Absolute Minimum: 10 meters (33 ft) Recommended Minimum: 20 meters (66 ft) Maximum: 50 meters (165 ft) 62.5m/125m; ST optical connectors, male; up to 1 km (3300 ft); Expansion Hub to Main Hub Distances Expansion Hub is within 1 km (3300 ft) of Main Hub (see Table 7-22 on page 7-26 if different MMF length) Expansion Hub is within 10 m to 50 m (33 ft to 165 ft) of RAUs (see Table 7-22 on page 7-27 if different length) 9.3.2 Tools and Materials Required to Install Expansion Hub The tools and materials required to install the Expansion Hub are listed in the follow-

ing table.

Description Philips screwdriver Mounting screws and spring nuts Power cord Optional L brackets: Used to mount Expansion Hub to wall. (PN 4310 single, PN 4311 double) 6 anchors and 6 screws, or other suitable hardware (not provided): Used to attach L brackets to wall (3 for each bracket). Fiber cleaning supplies (optical grade alcohol and lint-free wipes) Compressed air (optical grade) 9-20 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Installing the Expansion Hub 9.3.3 Expansion Hub Installation Procedures Procedures in this section:

Installing the Expansion Hub . 9-21 Connecting Power and Powering Up . 9-23 Connect the MMF cables . 9-24 Check the Expansion Hub Unit Functionality LEDs . 9-25 Check the Expansion Hub MMF Port LEDs . 9-25 Connect UTP/STP cables from the RAUs . 9-26 Installing the Expansion Hub The Expansion Hub (1U high) can mount in a standard 19 in. (48.3 cm) equipment rack or attach to a wall. The Expansion Hub is shipped with #10-32 mounting screws. Another common rack thread is #12-24. Confirm that the mounting screws match the racks threads. Installing the Expansion Hub in a rack:

Insert spring nuts into the rack where needed or use existing threaded holes. 1. 2. Place the Expansion Hub into the rack from the front. 3. Align the flange holes with the spring nuts installed in Step 1. 4. 5. Tighten the mounting screws. Insert the mounting screws in the appropriate positions in the rack. Mounting the Expansion Hub to a wall:

1. Attach the L brackets to the Expansion Hub. Using the screws that came with the Expansion Hub, attach the L brackets to the Expansion Hubs rack-mounting holes. Attach bracket to wall Attach bracket to Expansion Hub 2. Hold the Expansion Hub to the wall in the position where it will be mounted and mark the pre-punched L bracket holes onto the wall for drilling. PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-21 Installing the LGCell Refer to the following figure for wall mounting options. 3. Drill the screw holes in the wall and insert the anchors. 4. Attach the Expansion Hub to the wall with the screws. CAUTION:Mounting the Expansion Hub facing up exposes the connec-

tors to falling dust and debris. Mounting it facing down exposes the fan to falling dust and debris. 9-22 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Installing the Expansion Hub Connecting Power and Powering Up After mounting the Expansion Hub, connect the AC power. 1. Connect the AC power cord to the Expansion Hub (labeled 1 on the following fig-

ure). 2. Plug the power cord into an outlet providing AC power. LINK STATUS SYNC ANTENNA PORTS DOWN UP SYNC POWER MAIN HUB PORT LGCellTM Expansion Hub AC POWER 3. Flip the Expansion Hubs power switch from position 0 to position 1 (labeled 2 on the figure.) The front panel POWER LED should be green (lit) and the unit SYNC LED should be off. PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-23 Installing the LGCell Connect the MMF cables Before connecting the MMF cables, confirm that the optical loss does not exceed 3 dB optical. If fiber distribution panels are used, confirm that the total optical loss of fiber cable, from the Main Hub through distribution panels and patch cords to the Expansion Hub, does not exceed 3 dB optical. Connect all MMF cables from the Main Hub to the Expansion Hub(s). To clean the fiber ports:

Use compressed air to blow dust out of each fiber port before you insert the ST opti-

cal connector. Note that compressed air should not leave any residue as this will con-

taminate the fiber port. To clean the fiber connectors:

Be sure that the MMF cable ST optical connectors are clean and free of dust or oils. If the fiber connector front face is not free of dust or oils, follow the manufacturers rec-

ommendations for cleaning it. To connect the MMF cables:

The MMF cable is labeled with either 1 or 2, or is color-coded. This differentiates the connectors for proper connection between the Main Hub and Expansion Hubs. For proper connection between the Main Hub ports and the Expansion Hub ports, refer to the numbered or color-coded connections that were recorded when the Main Hub ws installed. If the fiber jumper is labeled with 1 or 2:

1. Connect 1 to UP on Expansion Hub. 2. Connect 2 to DOWN on Expansion Hub. If the fiber jumper is color-coded (for example, blue or red):

1. Connect blue to UP on Expansion Hub. 2. Connect red to DOWN on Expansion Hub. 9-24 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Installing the Expansion Hub Check the Expansion Hub Unit Functionality LEDs The unit functionality LEDs (POWER and SYNC) should be green if the Main Hub is on. Check the Expansion Hub MMF Port LEDs The MMF port LEDs (LINK STATUS and SYNC) should be red. This indicates that the UTP/STP cable is not yet connected to the Remote Access Unit(s). Check the Main Hub MMF Port LEDs The MMF port LEDs (LINK STATUS and SYNC) should be green. NOTE: Refer to Section 10 for troubleshooting LEDs. PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-25 Installing the LGCell Connect UTP/STP cables from the RAUs Before connecting the UTP/STP cables, confirm that they meet TIA/EIA 568-A spec-

ifications. Connect all UTP/STP cables coming from the RAUs to any available RJ-45 connec-

tor on the Expansion Hub, as shown in the following figure. Make sure you connect RAUs that are of the correct frequency and protocol. LINK STATUS SYNC ANTENNA PORTS DOWN UP SYNC POWER MAIN HUB PORT LGCellTM Expansion Hub AC POWER Check the Expansion Hub Cat-5 Port LEDs The Expansion Hub Cat-5 port LINK STATUS and SYNC LEDs should be green if the RAUs are connected on the other end of the UTP/STP cable. The Cat-5 port LEDs should be red if the RAUs are not yet connected. NOTE: Refer to Section 10 for troubleshooting LEDs. NOTE: You do not have to use all of the Cat-5 ports on the Expansion Hub. Unused ports do not need to be terminated. Free ports can be used for future growth and to manage changes in the in-building system. 9-26 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Installing the Expansion Hub 9.3.4 Installing Expansion Hubs in a Neutral Host System Installing neutral host system Expansion Hubs is the same as described in Section 9.3.3 on page 9-21. If rack-mounting the Expansion Hubs, we recommend mounting all neutral host sys-

tem hubs in the same rack(s) or location, grouped by frequency or carrier. For exam-

ple, group the Expansion Hubs for the iDEN carrier(s) together, then the 800 MHz Cellular carrier(s), and so on. PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-27 Installing the LGCell 9.4 Installing the Remote Access Unit 9.4.1 Remote Access Unit Installation Checklist

Installation Requirement Floor Plans Remote Access Unit(s) Passive antennas Suitable operating environment Cabling Cat-5 UTP/STP Coaxial Consideration Installation location of equipment clearly marked 4 per Expansion Hub Coaxial cable terminated correctly TIA/EIA 568-A approved; RJ-45 male connectors; RAU to Expansion Hub Absolute Minimum: 10 meters (33 ft) Recommended Minimum: 20 meters (66 ft) Maximum: 50 meters (165 ft) Use low-loss cable; RAU (SMA male connector) to passive antennas; typical 1 m

(3.3 ft) using RG142 coaxial cable Distance RAU is within 10 m to 50 m (33 ft to 165 ft) of Expansion Hub (see Table 7-22 on page 7-27 if different UTP/STP length) RAU is within RF-design distance of passive antenna, typically 1 m (3.3 ft); coverage will be affected if coaxial cable length differs from what was used to calculate the design plan 9.4.2 Tools and Materials Required to Install Remote Access Unit The tools and supplies required to install the RAU depends on the installation method selected; the following table lists suggestions.

Description Philips screwdriver Tie Wraps Screws Drywall Anchors Pipe Clamp RAU Mounting Plate Drill 9-28 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Installing the Remote Access Unit 9.4.3 RAU Installation Procedures Procedures in this section:

Mounting RAUs . 9-29 Connecting the Antenna . 9-30 Installing Passive Antennas . 9-30 Connecting the UTP/STP Cable . 9-31 Check the RAU LEDs . 9-32 Mounting RAUs Mount all RAUs in their assigned locations. Refer to the following figure for mount-

ing options. CAUTION:Install iDEN and 800 MHz Cellular RAUs so that their anten-

nas will be 6 to 8 meters (20 to 26 feet) apart. See Section 9.4.4 on page 9-33 for more information. PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-29 Installing the LGCell Installing Passive Antennas Refer to the manufacturers installation instructions to install passive antennas. Passive antennas are usually installed below the ceiling. If they are installed above the ceiling, the additional loss due to the ceiling material must be considered when estimating the antenna coverage area. Considerations:

Use coaxial cable with the least amount of loss possible. Keep iDEN and 800 MHz cellular antennas 6 to 8 meters (20 to 26 ft) apart. Connecting the Antenna Connect a passive antenna to the SMA female connector on the RAU. The following figure shows connecting an optional antenna to a single band RAU. CAUTION:When connecting to the SMA female connector on the RAU and passive antenna, DO NOT over-tighten the connector. Firmly hand-tightening the connector is adequate. NOTE: If an RAU is installed but an antenna is not connected, the SMA port must be terminated with a 50 ohm terminator (LGC part number 4100). 9-30 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Installing the Remote Access Unit Connecting the UTP/STP Cable Connecting UTP/STP to single band RAU:

Before connecting the UTP/STP cables, confirm that they meet TIA/EIA 568-A spec-

ifications. Connect the UTP/STP cable coming from the Expansion Hub to the RJ-45 female jack on the RAU, as shown in the following figure. Connecting UTP/STP cable to dual band RAU:

For the 900/1800 dual band RAU:

Connect the 900 MHz Expansion Hub cable to the top RJ-45 jack and the 1800 MHz cable to the bottom RJ-45 jack. For the 800/900 or 800/1900 dual band RAU:

Connect the 800 MHz Expansion Hub cable to the left RJ-45 jack and the 900 MHz or 1900 MHz cable to the right RJ-45 jack. For the 1800/1800 dual band RAU:

Connect the top (upper) 1800 MHz Expansion Hub cable to the RAUs top RJ-45 jack, and connect the bottom (lower) 1800 MHz Expansion Hub cable to the RAUs bottom RJ-45 jack. PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-31 Installing the LGCell The RJ-45 jacks on both the vertical and horizontal style dual band RAUs are shown in the following figure. Top RJ-45 female connector:

900/1800 dual band system: 900 MHz Expansion Hub cable 1800/1800 dual band system: top (upper) Expansion Hub cable Bottom RJ-45 female connector:

900/1800 dual band system: 1800 MHz Expansion Hub cable 1800/1800 dual band system: bottom (lower) Expansion Hub cable Right RJ-45 female connector:

800/900 dual band system: 900 MHz Expansion Hub cable 800/1900 dual band system: 1900 MHz Expansion Hub cable Left RJ-45 female connector:

800/900 dual band system: 800 MHz Expansion Hub cable 800/1900 dual band system: 800 MHz Expansion Hub cable Check the RAU LEDs The green POWER LED should be on and the red SYNC LED should be off. The green POWER LED should be lit to indicate that the RAU is receiving power from the Expansion Hub. The green POWER LED should be off if the Expansion Hub is not yet connected. NOTE: Refer to Section 10 for troubleshooting LEDs. Check the Expansion Hub MMF Port LEDs Re-check the Expansion Hub LEDs to verify that the RAUs are operating properly. The Expansion Hub fiber port LINK STATUS and SYNC LEDs should be green if the RAUs are connected on the other end of the UTP/STP cable. 9-32 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Installing the Remote Access Unit 9.4.4 Installing Remote Access Units in a Neutral Host System When installing both iDEN and Cellular systems in parallel, either as dual-band or neutral host systems, special provision must be taken to assure that the individual RAUs do not interfere with each other. It is recommended that the 800 MHz Cellular and the 800 MHz iDEN RAUs antennas be separated by 6 to 8 meters (20 to 26 feet), to assure that the iDEN downlink signals do not interfere with the Cellular uplink signals. PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-33 Installing the LGCell 9-34 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E SECTION 10 Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance There are no user-serviceable parts in any of the LGCell components. Faulty or failed components are fullly replaceable through LGC Wireless. Address Phone Fax Help Hot Line 2540 Junction Avenue San Jose, California 95134-1902 USA 1-408-952-2400 1-408-952-2410 1-800-530-9960 (U.S. only)

+1-408-952-2400 (International)

+44(0) 1223 597812 (Europe) Web Address http://www.lgcwireless.com e-mail service@lgcwireless.com 10.1 Maintenance No periodic maintenance of the LGCell equipment is required. PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 10-1 Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance 10.2 Troubleshooting NOTE: LGCell has no user-serviceable parts. Faulty or failed units are fully replaceable through LGC Wireless. Sources of potential problems include:

Malfunction of one or more LGCell components Faulty cabling/connector Antenna, base station, or repeater problem External RF interface NOTE: Faulty cabling is the cause of a vast majority of problems. All Cat-5 cable should be tested to TIA/EIA 568-A specifications. The diagnostic procedures are based on diagnostic information in Table 10-2 on page 10-5. The table lists all LEDs and indicates what to do under certain circum-

stances. There is a blank table at the end of this section that you can copy and use to record the LEDs while you troubleshoot an LGCell system. If you cannot determine the cause of a problem after following the recommended pro-

cedures, call LGC Wireless customer help hot line:

1-800-530-9960 (U.S. only)

+1-408-952-2400 (International)

+44(0) 1223 597812 (Europe) 10-2 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Troubleshooting 10.2.1 Troubleshooting Guidelines The following table contains troubleshooting information that the diagnostic LEDs do not cover. Please check the table for a possible cause of a problem. Simple checks or minor adjustments might eliminate the problem and restore proper operation. Problem/Symptom Check No downlink signal output when all diag-

nostic LEDs are green Make sure that there is a reasonable amount of power at the input of the Main Hub. Use a power meter to measure the output power from the coaxial cable that feeds the Main Hub. The LGCell is intended for a different frequency band. Verify that your system corresponds to the desired frequency (for example, 800 MHz, 1800 MHz, or 1900 MHz). Check the part number of each unit to be sure you have the proper band (e.g., DAS19M-4A-AD is the part number for a Main Hub set up for 1900 MHz A and D bands). The optical fiber connector may be dirty. Clean the ST optical connector, using the manufacturers recommended cleaning procedure. There are two types of multimode fiber (MMF), 62.5m/125m and 50m/125m. Make sure the vertical run of MMF is the 62.5m/125m type of fiber. Check the length of MMF and UTP/STP cabling. The Expansion Hub provides power to the RAU. Make sure the Expansion Hub is on. Make sure that the twisted-pair (TP) cable wiring conforms to the TIA/EIA 568-A standard. Use a standard local area network (LAN) cable tester to perform this test. Make sure the Cat-5 is not plugged into the Expansion Hub when doing this test. Possible errors are incorrect wiring and/or cable length. The uplink and downlink gains are not balanced. A CDMA system performs active power control between the base station and the mobile unit. It is important to maintain a balanced link from the base station ports to the RAU ports (equal uplink and downlink gain) to optimize the performance of the LGCell. To isolate possible port problems on a Main Hub try moving the faulty fiber pair to another port on the hub or to another Main Hub. When you move an active fiber pair, the Main Hub remembers that there was fiber on that port and issues an alarm. You must clear the latched alarm (port disconnect memory feature) by cycling Main Hub power. Move the Cat-5 to a spare port or swap the Cat-5 to try and isolate the problem. The Expansion Hub also has port disconnect memory to track which ports have been connected. So when a Cat-5 is disconnected and moved to a new port, an alarm will be issued. You must cycle power to the Expansion Hub to clear the memory and the latched alarm. If the Expansion Hub is suspect, try and remove all RAUs to eliminate any possible RAU failure and then begin to put RAUs back in. Remember to cycle power whenever a RAU is removed. When working RAU problems, an RAU whose functionality has been confirmed can be used with about 15 m (50 ft) of Cat-5 to quickly verify ports on an Expansion Hub. Simply connect the RAU to one end of the cable and plug the other end into the Expansion Hub ports to verify proper operation. Downlink problems can be troubleshot on an active system by injecting a low-level signal at the Main Hub using the unused port (either the duplex bidirectional port or the simplex downlink port). Then you can go out to the RAU and perform some measurements without disrupting normal ser-

vice. The system gain is lower than specifica-

tion Remote Access Unit

(RAU) power LED

(green LED) stays off after you plug in the twisted pair cable The LGCell perfor-

mance is intermittent when you use it for the CDMA application Possible MMF port problem on a Main Hub Possible RJ-45 port problem on an Expan-

sion Hub Possible RAU prob-

lem Troubleshoot down-

link problem on an active system PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 10-3 Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance 10.2.2 Troubleshooting Using the LED Indicators 10.2.2.1 LED Indicator Description The LGCell Main Hub, Expansion Hubs, and RAUs have front panel LEDs which provide diagnostic information and operational status of each unit. Together they pro-

vide an efficient diagnostic display system, which help technicians find the fault if there is a malfunction. The LED indicators for each unit are described in the follow-

ing table. Table 10-1 LGCell Equipment LED Indicators MMF Port Indicators LINK STATUS SYNC Unit Functionality Indicators SYNC POWER UTP/STP Port Indicators/Color LINK STATUS Green Green Red Red Unit Functionality Indicators SYNC POWER Unit Functionality Indicators POWER SYNC Color Green Red Green Red Color Green Off Green SYNC Green Red Green Red Color Green Off Green Color Green Red Off Indicates Good connection to the Expansion Hub that is connected to the port. Connection problem with the Expansion Hub that is connected to the port. Expansion Hub connected to the port is operating properly. An alarm with the Expansion Hub that is connected to the port. Indicates Main Hub is correctly producing the synchronization signal. Main Hub is not correctly producing the synchronization signal. Main Hub has power. Indicates RAU is connected and functioning properly. RAU is connected but malfunctioning. RAU has been disconnected or the cable is cut. No RAU is connected. Indicates Expansion Hub is receiving the synchronization signal from the Main Hub. A fault with the MMF downlink or the unit is faulty. Expansion Hub has power. Indicates RAU is receiving power from the Expansion Hub. RAU lost sync and has shut down RF power. No fault. LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E B U H N A M I I B U H N O S N A P X E U A R 10-4 Troubleshooting 10.2.2.2 Diagnostic Procedures Use the following table when diagnosing system problems. For troubleshooting, you can copy the blank table on page 10-8 and use it to record the LED colors on the Main Hub, the particular Expansion Hub indicating a fault, and the RAUs connected to it. This is necessary because the Main Hub, Expansion Hubs, and RAUs typically are geographically distributed. To determine where the fault might be:

1. Go to the Main Hub and record the LEDs. The Main Hub indicates which Expan-

sion Hub may be faulty by lighting one of its port LEDs red. 2. Go to the Expansion Hub attached to the port that has a red LED. 3. Record that Expansion Hubs LEDs. The Expansion Hub indicates which RAU(s) may be faulty by lighting its antenna LED red. 4. Go to the RAU(s) connected to the Expansion Hub port that is indicating a fault. Record the error. 5. Compare your filled in table to the Diagnostic Table below and begin trouble-

shooting according to the notes indicated for your situation. Table 10-2 LED Diagnostics Visual Alarm LEDs Remote Alarm Contacts Main Hub Expansion Hub RAU DB-9 Connector Port Functionality Port Functionality Off Sync Sync Link Status Green Red Green Green Green Green Red Off Green Red Green Green Green Major and Error Latch contacts indicate an alarm when the contacts go from a short to open state. Sync Power Green Green Green Green Green Red Green Green Red Red Green Green Green Green Red Green Green Red Green Green Red Off Off Off Red Red Green Green Green Red Red Green Green Green Green Red Red Green Green Sync Power Green Green Green Off Off Green Green Red Green Green Red Green Green Red Green Off Red Green Red Red Off Green Red Red Green Red Green Green Green Red Green Green Green Green Green Green Green Green Link Status Green Off Green Red Green Green Green Green Green Green Red Green Red Power Green Off Off Off Green Green Green Green Green Green Off Green Off Sync Green Off Off Off Red Red Red Red Red Off Off Off Off Major Alarm Contact Short Open Open Open Open Open Open Open Open Open Open Open Open Error Latch Contact Short Open Open Open Open Open Open Open Open Open Open Open Open See Note 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 10-5 Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance Notes:

1. System is functioning properly. 2. The Expansion Hub is off. Make sure the power cord is connected to a live AC power jack and that the Expansion Hub power switch is in the on (1) position. 3. Power is being delivered to the RAU but it is not turning on. a. Check that the UTP/STP cable has been properly crimped and passes a stan-

dard TIA/EIA 568-A Cat-5 compliance test. If the cable is not the problem, replace the RAU. b. 4. Power is not being delivered to the RAU. Move the UTP cable to a different RJ-45 connector on the Expansion Hub to see if the same problem occurs. If the LEDs on the new port are both green, there is a problem with the Expansion Hub. If the problem persists, there is a problem with either the RAU or the UTP/STP cable. Check that the UTP/STP cable has been properly crimped and passes a stan-

dard TIA/EIA 568-A Cat-5 compliance test. If the cable passes the Cat-5 test, replace the RAU. 5. RAU has lost synchronization. Make sure that the UTP/STP passes a standard TIA/EIA 568-A Cat-5 test. If the cable passes the Cat-5 test, replace the RAU. 6. The Expansion Hub is not properly receiving the synchronization signal from the Main Hub. a. The MMF cable connection might not be good or if the system was working, b. c. the MMF downlink cable is pulled out or cut. Switch MMF cables. If the problem persists, move the MMF cable to a different Main Hub port on a different Expansion Hub. If this solves the problem, the Main Hub port on the first Expansion Hub is malfunctioning. If the problem persists, there is an Expansion Hub problem. If moving MMF cables to a different Expansion Hub is not practical, switch the uplink and downlink pairs. (A connection error may have been made when connecting the Main Hub UP port to the Expansion Hub UP port, and similarly for the DOWN ports.) If the Expansion Hub unit SYNC LED turns green, one of the MMF cables was bad or the connection between the Main Hub and Expansion Hub was done incorrectly. If both are bad, this test will not help. Switch to a different Main Hub port. 10-6 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Troubleshooting 7. The Expansion Hub is not properly receiving the synchronization signal from the Main Hub. Too much loss on downlink MMF. Might be due to MMF pairs not attached to the proper connector. a. Check that the down cable end is in the DOWN port connector on both the Main Hub and on the Expansion Hub. Same for the up cable end and con-

nectors for the UP port. If the problem persists, check the integrity of the MMF cable using an Optical Time Domain Reflectometer. If the fiber is faulty, replace it. If the MMF cable is OK, try using a different Main Hub port. If the problem persists, replace the Main Hub. If the problem persists, replace the Expansion Hub. b. d. c. e. 8. The Main Hub is off. Make sure the power cord is connected to a live AC power jack and that the Main Hub power switch is in the on (1)position. 9. Main Hub is not properly generating the synchronization signal. Turn off the Main Hub and then turn it back on. If the unit functionality SYNC LED stays off, the Main Hub requires replacement. 10. The Expansion Hub is not properly sending the synchronization signal to the Main Hub. The MMF cable connection might not be good, or if the system was working, the MMF uplink cable is pulled out or cut. 11. The RAU is off. Check that the UTP/STP cable is operating properly. Check that the UTP/STP cable has been properly crimped and passes a stan-

dard TIA/EIA 568-A Cat-5 compliance test. If the system was working, the UTP/STP cable is pulled out or cut. 12. There is excessive optical loss in the uplink direction between the Expansion Hub and the Main Hub. Verify that the optical loss in the uplink fiber does not exceed 3 dB optical. Check the fiber ports for debris and clean if necessary. The Main Hub MMF port may be faulty. Move the fiber to another port. The Expansion Hub may be faulty. 13. A Cat-5 cable has been disconnected and moved to a new port. The Expansion Hubs port disconnect memory has issued an alarm. You must cycle power to the Expansion Hub to clear the memory and the latched alarm. PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 10-7 Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance Use the following blank table to record LEDs as you troubleshoot. Visual Alarm LEDs Remote Alarm Contacts Main Hub Expansion Hub RAU DB-9 Connector Port Functionality Port Functionality Link Status Sync Sync Power Link Status Sync Sync Power Power Sync Major Alarm Contact Error Latch Contact 10-8 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Technical Assistance 10.3 Technical Assistance Call our help hot line for technical assistance:

1-800-530-9960 (U.S. only)

+1-408-952-2400 (International)

+44(0) 1223 597812 (Europe) Leave your name and phone number and an LGC Wireless customer service repre-

sentative will return your call within an hour. Be prepared to provide the following information when you receive the return call:

Company name End user name Type of system, serial number, frequency Approximate time in service (warranty), sales order number Description of problem LED status PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 10-9 Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance 10-10 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E APPENDIX A Cables and Connectors This section provides information about cables, connectors, and accessories that an LGCell application might require. Appendix A.1 Coaxial Cable . A-2 Appendix A.2 Multimode Fiber Cable . A-2 Appendix A.3 Category 5 UTP/STP Cable . A-3 These cables are not provided with the LGCell equipment and must be on site or installed at the site prior to the LGCell installation. LGC Wireless can provide these components, or you can order them through a cable vendor or installer. PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual A-1 Cables and Connectors A.1 Coaxial Cable For Duplex RF Connections Connects a Main Hub to a repeater or duplex base station Provides bidirectional downlink and uplink transmission with one cable for duplex RF connections For Simplex RF Connections Connects a Main Hub to a repeater or simplex base station Provides unidirectional downlink and uplink signals on separate cables for simplex RF connections A.2 Multimode Fiber Cable Connects Main Hub to Expansion Hub(s) Transmits (downlink) and receives (uplink) cellular and PCS signals Accommodates distances up to 1 km (3300 ft) Use industry-standard 62.5m/125m fiber A-2 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Category 5 UTP/STP Cable A.3 Category 5 UTP/STP Cable Connects the Expansion Hub to the RAU(s) Transmits (downlink) and receives (uplink) cellular and PCS signals Delivers electrical power to RAU(s) Accommodates distances up to 50 meters (165 ft) Cat-5 STP is recommended when configuring mul-

tiple systems LGC Wireless recommends plenum-rated Cat-5 UTP/STP cable and connectors NOTE: Only Cat-5 shielded twisted pair (STP) cable should be used for neutral host systems. NOTE: UTP/STP cable length is 10 meters (33 ft) absolute minimum, 20 meters (66 ft) recommended minimum, and 50 meters (165 ft) maximum. For cables longer than 50 meters (165 ft), system specifications are slightly degraded. See Section 7.3.2, Sys-

tem Gain (Loss) Relative to UTP/STP Cable Length, on page 7-27. UTP Termination All UTP cable shall be terminated according to the TIA/EIA 568-A standard. The fol-

lowing diagram shows the top view of the wiring map for Category 5 UTP cable and how the four pairs should be terminated. Figure A-1 Wiring Map for Cat-5 UTP Cable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 R GG B W O W LO B W R B W L B

RJ-45 Port NOTE: Be sure to test cable termination before installing the cable. PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual A-3 Cables and Connectors A.4 5-port Daisy-Chain Alarm Cable Use the 5-port Daisy-Chain Alarm Cable (PN 4022-5), shown in Figure , to increase the number of LGCells that are reporting their alarms to the base station. Figure A-2 5-port Daisy-Chain Alarm Cable 1 meter (3 feet) DB-9 male Pins 7 and 9 Base Station

(an adapter cable may be required) 7 9 J 1 DB-9 male Pins 7 and 9 DB-9 male Pins 7 and 9 DB-9 male Pins 7 and 9 DB-9 male Pins 7 and 9 DB-9 female Pin 7 Option 1: Connect 5 units to cable using J2 through J6; J7 is unused. OR Option 2: Connect four units to first cable using J2 through J5, connect J6 to an addi-

tional daisy-chain cables J1 connector; J7 is unused. OR Option 3: Connect fewer than four units to cable and terminate the circuit by connect-

ing the J7 connector into the lowest num-

bered unused male connector. 2 Pin 7 J Pin 9 X LGCell Main Hub DIAGNOSTIC 1 Port 3 Pin 7 J Pin 9 X LGCell Main Hub DIAGNOSTIC 1 Port 4 Pin 7 J Pin 9 X LGCell Main Hub DIAGNOSTIC 1 Port 5 Pin 7 J Pin 9 X LGCell Main Hub DIAGNOSTIC 1 Port 6 J Pin 7 Pin 9 X LGCell Main Hub DIAGNOSTIC 1 Port 7 J Pin 7 A-4 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E APPENDIX B Compliance Information All LGCell systems comply with Optical Fiber Safety Standard IEC/EN60825-2. The LGCell distributed antenna system uses light emitting diodes (LEDs) and is rated as a Class 1 optical hazard system. It has an absolute maximum output power of 11.5 dBm at 1310 nanometers (nm). There are no restrictions on the location or use of an LGCell system. No special precautions are required if standard work practices are followed. Additional information on the safe use of optical fiber communications systems is at the end of this appendix. B.1 LGCell System Approval Status Appendix B.1.1 through B.1.7 provide LGC Wireless LGCell system approval status for various countries around the world. Some European countries require National Type Approval to their national standards (such as Germany). B.1.1 800 MHz Cellular Telecom: FCC ID: NOO-DAS8-4-W Hong Kong: Approval number: RF200110, based on the above FCC approval FCC Class A, Part 15, Subpart B EMC:

Safety: UL 1950 3rd edition and the cUL mark for Canada NEBS:

This is a customer driven conformance certification and typically desired of equipment that is intended to be installed in a Central Office environ-

ment. LGC products are intended as Customer Premise Equipment and it is not anticipated that they will be installed in a Central Office environ-

ment, therefore NEBS conformance certification has not been pursued at this time. PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual B-1 Compliance Information B.1.2 800 MHz iDEN Telecom: FCC ID: NOO-DAS8M-4IDEN-W EMC:

Safety:

FCC Class A, Part 15, Subpart B UL 1950 3rd edition and the cUL mark for Canada NEBS:

This is a customer driven conformance certification and typically desired of equipment that is intended to be installed in a Central Office environ-

ment. LGC products are intended as Customer Premise Equipment and it is not anticipated that they will be installed in a Central Office environ-

ment, therefore NEBS conformance certification has not been pursued at this time. B.1.3 900 MHz EGSM/GSM Telecom: FCC ID: LGCell 900 EGSM: NOODAS9M-4E-W FCC ID: LGCell 900 GSM: NOODAS9M-2-W Germany: Approval Number A200394M (BAPT 222 ZV 15/ETS 300 609-4) UK: Approval Number BPS091 ETS 300 609-4 March 1999 Hong Kong: Approval Number RF 200066; approval based on the above UK approval China: Approval Number (CMIIID): 2000CJ0457 Singapore: Approval Number PRNEQ-0417-2000, Issued to Roots Com-

munications Pte. Ltd. ETS 300 342-3, October 1999 UL 1950 3rd edition and power supplies, Astec International Ltd., Model LPS43, Universal Micro Electronics Co. Ltd., Model UPO651S-02, and International Power Sources, Inc., Model UPO651S-02 all have CB scheme certifications EMC:

Safety:

B.1.4 1800 MHz GSM Telecom: ETS 300 609-4, October 1998 Hong Kong: Approval Number RF 200111, approval based on European Approval ETS 300 609-4 China: Approval Number 2000CJ0525 Singapore: Approval Number PRNEQ-0418-2000, Issued to Roots Com-

munications Pte. Ltd. EN 300 339, June 1998 Power Supplies, Astec International Ltd., Model LPS 43, Universal Micro Electronics Co. Ltd., Model UPO651S-02, and International Power Sources, Inc., Model UPO651S-02 all have CB scheme certifications. EMC:

Safety:

Markings: The UK approval number and the CE mark are required. B-2 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E LGCell System Approval Status B.1.5 1900 MHz PCS Telecom: FCC: NOO-DAS19-4-X (FCC Part 24E) Distributed Antenna System EMC:

Safety:

NEBS:

(Repeater) Canada: 3077331163A for the PCS 1900 (RSS-133, Issue 1) FCC: Class A, Part 15, Subpart B Industry Canada: Same as FCC UL 1950, 3rd Edition and the cUL mark for the Canadian equivalent. This is a customer driven conformance certification and typically desired of equipment that is intended to be installed in a Central Office environ-

ment. LGC products are intended as Customer Premise Equipment and it is not anticipated that they will be installed in a Central Office environ-

ment, therefore NEBS conformance certification has not been pursued at this time. Markings: The FCC approval number and the FCC logo are required. The word Can-

ada followed by the Canadian approval number is required. The UL mark is required. B.1.6 FCC Regulatory Notice This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the fol-

lowing two conditions:

This device may not cause harmful interference. This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. B.1.7 Industry Canada Regulatory Notice This Class B (or Class A, if so indicated on the registration label) digital apparatus meets the requirements of the Canadian Interference-Causing Equipment Regula-

tions. Cet appareil numerique de la Classe B (ou Classe A, si ainsi indique sur letiquette denregistration) respecte toutes les exigences du Reglement sur le Materiel Brouil-

leur du Canada. PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual B-3 Compliance Information B.2 Declaration of Conformity to Type DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY We, LGC Wireless, of 2540 Junction Ave., San Jose, California, 95134-1902, declare under our sole responsibility that the product:

LGCell, EGSM/GSM 900 Repeater, Model DAS9M-4E-W, to which this declaration relates, is in conformity with the following standards and/or other normative documents. ETS 300 342-3, October 1999 ETS 300 609-4, March 1999 BAPT 222 ZV 15 We hereby declare that all essential radio test suites have been carried out and that the above named product is in conformity to all the essential requirements of Directive 1999/5/EC. The conformity assessment procedure referred to in Article 10 and detailed in Annex IV of Direc-

tive 1999/5/EC has been followed with the involvement of the following Notified Body:

BABT, Claremont House, 34 Molesey Road, Walton-on-Thames, KT12 4RQ, UK Identification Mark: 168 The technical documentation relevant to the above equipment will be held at:

LGC Wireless, UK G10 Regus House, Cambourne Business Park, Cambourne, Cambridge United Kingdom, CB3 6DP John Dorsey RF Approvals Engineer Signature March 14, 2001 Date B-4 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Declaration of Conformity to Type PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual B-5 Compliance Information DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY We, LGC Wireless, of 2540 Junction Ave., San Jose, California, 95134-1902, declare under our sole responsibility that the product:

LGCell, DCS 1800 Repeater, Model DAS18M-2, to which this declaration relates, is in conformity with the following standards and/or other normative documents. EN 300 339, June 1998 ETS 300 609-4, October 1998 BAPT 222 ZV 15 We hereby declare that all essential radio test suites have been carried out and that the above named product is in conformity to all the essential requirements of Directive 1999/5/EC. The conformity assessment procedure referred to in Article 10 and detailed in Annex IV of Direc-

tive 1999/5/EC has been followed with the involvement of the following Notified Body:

BABT, Claremont House, 34 Molesey Road, Walton-on-Thames, KT12 4RQ, UK Identification Mark: 168 The technical documentation relevant to the above equipment will be held at:

LGC Wireless, UK G10 Regus House, Cambourne Business Park, Cambourne, Cambridge United Kingdom, CB3 6DP John Dorsey RF Approvals Engineer Signature March 14, 2001 Date B-6 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E IEC/EN 60825-2: Safe Use of Optical Fiber Communication Systems B.3 IEC/EN 60825-2: Safe Use of Optical Fiber Communication Systems Part 2 of IEC 60825 provides requirements and specific guidance for the safe use of optical fiber communications where optical power may be accessible at some dis-

tance from the optical source. In this part of IEC 825, light emitting diodes (LEDs) are included whenever the word laser is used. B.3.1 B.3.2 Description of LGCell System The LGCell is a distributed antenna system. It consists of three main components. A Main Hub, which is connected by multimode fiber optic cables to one or more Expan-

sion Hubs. Each Expansion Hub is connected by UTP Cat-5 cable to up to four Remote Access Units. Because LEDs are used to send a signal over the fiber optic cable, the LGCell is covered under the IEC 60825 specification. Requirements under IEC 60825 Under IEC 60825, LGC Wireless is required to determine the Class of operation of the LGCell system, the hazard level of the LGCell system and any special instruc-

tions that must be included in an operators manual as well as any warning labels that may be required on the LGCell system. The LGCell is covered only under these definitions of section 3 of 60825:

3.2 Enclosed System: A system in which, during normal operation, the optical radiation is totally enclosed, by light-proof cabinets, components, total internal reflection or optical fiber cables and connectors. 3.3 End User: The person or organization using the optical fiber communication in the manner the system was designed to be used. The user cannot necessarily control the power generated and transmitted within the system. 3.4 Hazard Level 1: A hazard level 1 is allocated to any part within an optical fiber communication system at which, under reasonably foreseeable circum-

stances, human access to laser radiation in excess of the accessible emission limits

(AEL) of class 1 for the applicable wavelengths and emission duration will not occur. 3.10 Light Emitting Diode (LED): Any semiconductor device which can be made to produce electromagnetic optical radiation in the wavelength range from 180nm to 1mm. (The optical radiation is produced by the process of spontaneous emis-

sion, although some stimulated emission may be present.) 3.13 Location with Controlled Access: A location where access to the protective housing (enclosure) is controlled and is accessible only to authorized persons who PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual B-7 Compliance Information have received adequate training in laser safety and servicing of the system involved. Examples include optical cable ducts and switching centers. 3.14 Location with Restricted Access: A location where access to the protective housing is restricted and not open to the public. Examples include industrial and commercial premises, PBX rooms, computer system rooms, and optical test sets. Distributed fiber networks may pass through unrestricted public areas, restricted areas within premises, as well as controlled areas or they may be deployed entirely within restricted business premises. 3.18 Optical Fiber Communication System: An engineered assembly for the generation, transference, and reception of optical radiation arising from lasers in which the transference is by means of optical fiber for communication purposes. 3.19 Reasonable Foreseeable Event: An event, the occurrence of which under given circumstances can be predicted fairly accurately, and the occurrence of which is a possibility. Examples of reasonably foreseeable events might include the following: fiber cable break, optical connector disconnection, operator error or inattention to safe working practices. Reckless use or use for completely inappro-

priate purposes is not to be considered as a reasonably foreseeable event. B.3.3 Installation Notes The LGCell is covered under these parts of section 5 of 60825:

5.2.1.3 Test Equipment: During installation or testing of an optical fiber cable or system, only test equipment of laser Class 1 should be used. 5.2.1.5 Installation Rules: Each person engaged in the installation or service of an optical fiber cable communication system should observe all rules, procedures, and practices established for the safe operation of optical fiber communication sys-

tems. B.3.4 Evaluation of LGC System The LGCell is covered under Annex A of 60825. The LGCell system is a self-contained product that contains an optical fiber commu-

nication system that would be safe under normal operating conditions because the optical radiation is totally enclosed and contained under intended operation. How-

ever, because of the extended nature of the system, the optical power may be accessi-

ble a kilometer from the optical source. The LGCell system contains LEDs, which are the source of radiation covered under IEC 825. Usually a whole fiber optical commu-

nication system would not be classified under IEC 825-2 in the same way required under IEC 825-1. This is because, under intended operation, the optical power is totally enclosed, and it could be argued that an interpretation of IEC 825-1 would give a class 1 to all systems, which may not accurately reflect the hazard potential of some systems. If the emitter can be operated separately, it should be classified accord-

B-8 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E IEC/EN 60825-2: Safe Use of Optical Fiber Communication Systems ing to IEC 825-1. However, the power output level of the LGCell system is so low that it always falls into the class 1 hazard level even under 100% modulation condi-

tions. The absolute maximum allowed at 1300nm is +9.5 dBm. The absolute maxi-

mum accessible output of the LGCell fiber optic system is 11.5 dBm. Therefore there is no restriction as to location of use of the LGCell system and there is no label-

ing requirement. B.3.5 Suggested Work Practices The LGCell is covered under these parts of section D7 of 60825 The following working practices are suggested for working on the LGCell system:

Viewing Fiber: Do not stare with unprotected eyes at the connector ends of the fibers or the ports of the hub. Test Fibers Cables: When using test fiber optical cables, the optical power source shall be the last to be connected and the first to be disconnected. Fiber ends: Any unconnected fiber ends should be covered with an approved cap. Do not use tape. Broken Fiber Cables: Do not stare with unprotected eyes at any broken ends of the fibers. Report and have any broken fiber cables replaced. Cleaning: Use only approved methods for cleaning optical fiber connectors. Modification: Do not make any unauthorized modifications to this fiber optical system of associated equipment. Live work: Live work is permitted on the LGCell as it is a class 1 hazard. Signs: No warning signs are required. Test Equipment: Use class 1 test equipment. PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual B-9 B.4 Human Exposure to RF The following precautions apply to LGCell products. LGCell has no user-serviceable parts. Faulty or failed units are fully replaceable through LGC Wireless. Please contact us at 1-800-530-9960. For international customers, please contact us at +1-408-952-2400. Never input an RF signal to the Main Hub Duplex port that is higher than those defined on page 17 in Section 2, LGCell Equipment. Although modeled after an Ethernet/LAN-like architecture and connectivity, LGCell units (Main Hub, Expansion Hub, and the Remote Antenna Unit) are not intended to connect to Ethernet data hubs, routers, cards or other similar data equipment. For improved air circulation, be sure to leave at least one inch (25 mm) of space between all hubs and between any other equipment in the rack. If mounting a hub on the racks bottom shelf, also leave at least a one inch of clearance from the bottom. When you connect the Multi-Mode Fiber (MMF) Optical Cable, take the same precaution as if installing Ethernet network equipment. All optical fiber ST connectors should be cleaned according to the cable manufacturers instructions. When you connect a radiating antenna to an RAU, DO NOT over-tighten the SMA connector. Firmly hand-tightening the connector is adequate. Antenna gain is restricted to 1.5 W ERP (2.49 W EIRP) in order to satisfy RF exposure compliance requirements. If higher than 1.5 W ERP, routine MPE evaluation is needed. The antennas should be installed to provide at least 20 cm from all persons to satisfy MPE requirements of FCC Part 2, 2.1091. To reduce the risk of fire or electric shock, do not expose this equipment to rain or moisture. Fiber Port Safety Precautions Suggested safety precautions for working with LGCell Fiber Ports follow. For information about LGCell compliance with safety standards, see Appendix C Compliance Information. Viewing fiber: Observe the following warning about viewing fiber ends in ports. Do not stare with unprotected eyes at the connector ends of the fibers or the ports of the hubs.Invisible infrared radiation is present at the front panel of the Main Hub and Expansion Hub. Do not remove the Fiber Port dust cover unless the port is in use. Do not stare directly into a Fiber Port. Test fiber cables: When you use test fiber optical cables, connect the optical power source last and disconnect it first. Fiber ends: Cover any unconnected fiber ends with an approved cap. Do not use tape. Broken fiber cables: Do not stare with unprotected eyes at any broken ends of the fibers. Report any broken fiber cables and have them replaced. Cleaning: Use only approved methods for cleaning optical fiber connectors. Modifications: Do not make any unauthorized modifications to this fiber optical system or associated equipment. Live work: Live work is permitted on the LGCell as it is a Class 1 hazard. Test equipment: Use Class 1 test equipment. Signs: No warning signs are required. iv APPENDIX C Frequently Asked Questions What is the LGCell Distributed Antenna System?

The LGCell Distributed Antenna System (DAS) contains multiple low-power radi-

ating elements that are deployed around indoor facilities to improve coverage and capacity. The unique, patented architecture of the LGCell DAS provides an inex-

pensive solution to the wireless operator or wirless network manager for cover-

age/capacity upgrades and private microcell applications. What is twisted pair cable? Will it pick up spurious emissions?

Twisted pair (TP) cable is the standard cable that you find at the back of your com-

puter for the network hookup. TP cable is the most ubiquitous cable in any office building. Furthermore, TP cable is inexpensive and easy to install. The twisting nature of the cable creates a transmission line for efficient signal transfer and rejec-

tion of spurious emissions The LGCell uses a state-of-the-art common-mode rejec-

tion device that reduces pickup of spurious emissions on a TP cable by a factor of 10,000. Can a single LGCell simultaneously support multiple access standards (such as 1900 TDMA/CDMA/GSM)?

Yes. The LGCell is a frequency selective product. The LGCell system is transpar-

ent to the protocol that the base station and mobile unit use. You can view the entire system with all the cables together as a frequency selective repeater with a specified gain. What is the bandwidth of the LGCell?

LGCell passes selected frequencies to minimize amplification of unwanted signals. Refer to the data specifications for the RF bandwidth of the system. Another interpretation of bandwidth is the amount of data that the LGCell system can transmit. The microcellular or macrocellular base station to which the LGCell is connected limits the bandwidth or capacity of the LGCell, which is independent of the wireless protocol and service. Total, composite output power and spurious emissions are the only constraints that limit the number of channels that an RAU can radiate. Furthermore, the LGCell system will not limit the data rate of the mod-

ulation transmitted through the system. PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual C-1 Frequently Asked Questions Can the LGCell support multiband operation?

The LGCell provides a wide variety of single-band products, including the U.S. 800 MHz, European GSM 900, DCS 1800, Korean PCS 1800, U.S. PCS 1900 sys-

tems, and iDEN. You can use these systems together to provide multiband ser-

vices. In addition, LGC has dual band 800/1900, 900/1800, and 1800/1800 LGCell systems available. Additionally, an LGCell neutral host configuration can simultaneously support multiple bands and protocols. Does the LGCell support paging applications?

Yes. The 900 MHz GSM and EGSM LGCells have been approved for paging and two-way messaging in the U.S. and Canada. The products may be used over thier entire operating frequency ranges for such applications. Can the LGCell system share the same UTP Category 5 cable with the Ethernet network?

No. The LGCell system can use the existing unused cabling inside the building;

however, you cannot use the same cable to connect an RAU and a computer. What is the minimum power input to the Main Hub?

Refer to link budget calculation for the minimum acceptable power required to provide the desired levels of RF coverage.. What is the minimum detectable power of an RAU?

The minimum detectable power of system with 1 RAU is 114 dBm in a 30 kHz bandwidth, 106 dBm in a 200 kHz bandwidth, and 98 dBm in a 1.25 MHz band-

width. These figures do not take into account the processing gain of different access standards, which could decrease the minimum levels. What is the difference between connecting the LGCell to a roof-mounted antenna and to a microcellular base station?

Connecting the LGCell to a roof-mounted antenna increases the coverage of the indoor environment. Connecting the LGCell to a microcellular base station improves both the coverage and the capacity in the building and might also provide a private wireless office application for the customer. Does each Main Hub require a separate coaxial feed to the base station?

A typical RF input power per channel to the Main Hub is 0 dBm. This provides a lot of margin (link budget margin) for interfacing with antennas through a base sta-

tion that typically has an output power of 20 dBm. Therefore, a power com-

biner/splitter might be installed between the Main Hub and the base station. This enables one base station to connect to multiple Main Hubs. Can I exceed the 3 dB optical loss in the fiber?

No. Exceeding the 3 dB optical loss in the fiber will result in an unreliable link indicated by sync alarms. C-2 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Is the multimode fiber step or graded index fiber?

Graded index. Can the LGCell use 50m/125m multimode optical fiber?

The LGCell is designed for use with 62.5m/125m fiber. Use of 50m/125m fiber results in higher optical losses and degraded performance. How much space does the Main Hub and Expansion Hub use in a 19 in. rack?

Both units use 1U of rack space. Can I connect the LGCell alarms to a base station?

Yes. Use the major alarm contacts only. The base station supplies the return ground and voltage. PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual C-3 Frequently Asked Questions C-4 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E APPENDIX D Glossary Air Interface A method for formatting data and voice onto radio waves. Common air interfaces include AMPS, TDMA, CDMA, and GSM. AIN Advanced Intelligent Network. AINs allow a wireless user to make and receive phone calls while roaming outside the users home network. These networks, which rely on computers and sophisticated switching techniques, also provide many Personal Communications Service (PCS) features. Amplitude The distance between high and low points of a waveform or signal. AMPS Advanced Mobile Phone Service. AMPS is an analog cellular FDMA sys-

tem. It was the basis of the first commercial wireless communication system in the U.S and has been used in more than 35 other countries worldwide. Analog The original method of modulating radio signals so they can carry informa-

tion which involves transmitting a continuously variable signal. Amplitude Mod-

ification (AM) and Frequency Modulation (FM) are the most common methods of analog modulation. ANSI The American National Standards Institute. A nonprofit, privately funded membership organization founded in 1918 that reviews and approves standards developed by other organizations. Antenna A device for transmitting and/or receiving signals. Attenuation The decrease in power that occurs when any signal is transmitted. Attenuation is measured in decibels (dB). Backhaul A term applied to the process of carrying wireless traffic between the MSC and the base station. Base Station The radio transmitter/receiver that maintains communications with mobile devices within a specific area. BSC Base Station Controller. A GSM term referring to the device in charge of man-

aging the radio interface in a GSM system, including the allocation and release of radio channels and hand-off of active calls within the system. PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual D-1 Glossary BTA Basic Trading Area. The U.S. and its territories are divided into 493 areas, called BTAs. These BTAs are composed of a specific list of counties, based on a system originally developed by Rand McNally. The FCC grants licenses to wire-

less operators to provide service within these BTAs and/or MTAs. (See MTA.) BTS Base Transceiver Station. A GSM term referring to the group of network devices that provide radio transmission and reception, including antennas. C/I Carrier to interference ratio. The ratio of the desired signal strength to the com-

bined interference of all mobile phones using the system. Usually, the interfer-

ence of most concern is that provided by mobile phones using the same channel in the system. These are referred to as co-channel interferers. CCITT Consultative Committee on International Telephone and Telegraph. This organization sets international communications standards. The CCITT is now known as ITU (the parent organization). CDMA Code Division Multiple Access. A digital wireless access technology that uses spread-spectrum techniques. Unlike alternative systems, such as GSM, that use time-division multiplexing (TDM), CDMA does not assign a specific fre-

quency to each user. Instead, every channel uses the full available spectrum. Indi-

vidual conversations are assigned a unique code which allows the conversation to be spread out over multiple channels; transmitted to the far end; and re-assem-

bled for the recipient using a specific code. CDPD Cellular Digital Packet Data. CDPD allows data transmission over the ana-

log wireless network. CDPD breaks data into packets and transmits these packets on idle portions of the network. Cell A cell defines a specific, physical area of coverage of a portion of a wireless system. It is the basic building block of all modern wireless communications systems. Cell Site A term which refers to the location of the transmission equipment (e.g., basestation) within the cell. CEPT Conference of European Postal and Telecommunications Administrations. This organizations mandate is to define pan-European wireless communications standards. In 1982, CEPT mandated GSM as the access protocol for public wire-

less communications systems across Europe. Channel The path along which a communications signal is transmitted. Channels may be simplex (communication occurs in only one direction), duplex (commu-

nication occurs in both directions) or full duplex (communication occurs in both directions simultaneously). Circuit A communication connection between two or more points. A circuit can transmit either voice or data. CO Central Office. The main switching facility for a telecommunications system. D-2 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E CTIA Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association. The CTIA is an industry association made up of most of the wireless carriers and other industry players. It was formed in 1984 to promote the cellular industry and cellular technology. D-AMPS Digital Advanced Mobile Phone Service. See IS-54. dB Decibel. A unit for expressing the ratio of two amounts of power. It is often used in wireless to describe the amount of power loss in a system (i.e., the ratio of transmitted power to received power). DCS Digital Communications System. DCS is often called upbanded GSM since it is the GSM access scheme adopted to operate in the 17001800 MHz portion of the spectrum. Digital A method of storing, processing, and transmitting information by represent-

ing information as 0s and 1s via electrical pulses. Digital systems have largely replaced analog systems because they can carry more data at higher speed than analog transmission systems. Electromagnetic Spectrum Electrical wave forms in frequency ranges as low as 535 kHz (AM radio) and as high as 29 GHz (cable TV). ESMR Enhanced Specialized Mobile Radio. Digital mobile telephone services offered to the public over channels previously used for two-way analog dispatch services. ESMR provides digital mobile radio and telephone service as well as messaging and dispatch features. ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute. ETSI was established in 1988 to set standards for Europe in telecommunications, broadcasting and office information technology. FCC Federal Communications Commission. In the United States, the FCC is responsible for the management and regulation of communication policy for all public communications services, including wireless. FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access. A wireless access protocol that assigns each user a specific radio channel for use. Since FDMA only supports one user (or conversation) on each channel, it does not maximize use of the spec-

trum and is therefore largely been superseded by other access protocols (such as CDMA, TDMA, GSM, iDEN) that support multiple users on a single channel. Frequency Hopping A wireless signal transmission technique whereby the fre-

quency used to carry a signal is periodically changed, according to a predeter-

mined code, to another frequency. Fixed An ITU definition for radio communications between specified fixed points. Point-to-point high-frequency circuits and microwave links are two examples of fixed applications. FM Frequency Modulation. A method of transmitting information in which the fre-

quency of the carrier is modified according to a plan agreed to by the transmitter and the receiver. FM can be either analog or digital. PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual D-3 Glossary Forward Channel Refers to the radio channel that sends information from the base station to the mobile station. (See Reverse Channel.) Frequency The number of times an electrical signal repeats an identical cycle in a unit of time, normally one second. One Hertz (Hz) is one cycle per second. Frequency re-use The ability to use the same frequencies repeatedly across a cellu-

lar system. Because each cell is designed to use radio frequencies only within its boundaries, the same frequencies can be reused in other cells not far away with little potential for interference. The reuse of frequencies is what enables a cellu-

lar system to handle a huge number of calls with a limited number of channels. Gain The increase in power that occurs when any signal is amplified, usually through an amplifier or antenna. GHz Gigahertz. A measure of frequency equal to one billion hertz. GSM Groupe Speciale Mobile (now translated in English as Global Standard for Mobile Communications). GSM is the digital wireless standard used throughout Europe, in much of Asia, as well as by some operators in the U.S. and South America. Handoff The process by which the wireless system passes a wireless phone conver-

sation from one radio frequency in one cell to another radio frequency in another as the caller moves between two cells. In most systems today, this handoff is per-

formed so quickly that callers dont notice. Hertz A measurement of electromagnetic energy, equivalent to one wave per sec-

ond. Hertz is abbreviated as Hz. iDEN Integrated Digital Enhanced Network. A TDMA-based wireless access tech-

nology that combines two-way radio, telephone, text message, and data transmis-

sion into one network. This system was developed by Motorola. In the U.S., iDEN is used by Nextel in its network. IEEE The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. The worlds largest technical professional society with members from more than 130 countries. The IEEE works to advance the theory and practice of electrical, electronics, com-

puter engineering and computer science. Infrastructure A term used to encompass all of the equipment, including both hard-

ware and software, used in a communications network. IS-54 Interim Standard-54. A U.S. TDMA cellular standard that operates in the 800 MHz or 1900 MHz band. IS-54 was the first U.S. digital cellular standard. It was adopted by the CTIA in 1990. IS-95 Interim Standard-95. A U.S. CDMA cellular standard that operates in the 800 MHz or 1900 MHz band. This standard was developed by Qualcomm and adopted by the CTIA in 1993. D-4 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E IS-136 Interim Standard-136. A U.S. TDMA cellular standard based on IS-54 that operates in the 800 MHz or 1900 MHz band. IS-553 Interim Standard-533. The U.S. analog cellular (AMPS) air interface stan-

dard. ITU International Telecommunications Union. The ITU is the principal interna-

tional standards organization. It is charted by the United Nations and it estab-

lishes international regulations governing global telecommunications networks and services. Its headquarters are in Geneva, Switzerland. LMDS Local Multipoint Distribution Services. LMDS provides line-of-sight cover-

age over distances up to 35 kilometers and operates in the 28 GHz portion of the spectrum. It can deliver high speed, high bandwidth services such as data and video applications. Local Loop A communication channel (usually a physical phone line) between a subscribers location and the networks Central Office. MHz Megahertz. One million Hertz. One MHz equals one million cycles per sec-

ond. Microcell A network cell designed to serve a smaller area than larger macrocells. Microcells are smaller and lower powered than macrocells. As the subscriber base increases, operators must continue to increase the number of cells in their network to maximize channel re-use. This has led to an increasing number of microcells being deployed in wireless networks. Microwave Electromagnetic waves with frequencies above 1 GHz. Microwave communications are used for line-of-sight, point-to-point, or point-to-multipoint communications. MSA Metropolitan Statistical Area. The FCC has established 306 MSAs in the U.S. The MSAs represent the largest population centers in the U.S. At least two wire-

less operators are licensed in each MSA. MSC Mobile Services Switching Center. A generic term for the main cellular switching center in the wireless communications network. MSS Mobile Satellite Service. Communications transmission service provided by satellites. A single satellite can provide coverage to the entire United States. MTA Major Trading Area. The U.S. and its territories are divided into 51 MTAs. Each MTA is composed of a specific number of BTAs. The FCC grants licenses to wireless operators to provide service within these MTAs and/or BTAs. (See BTA.) Multiplexing The simultaneous transmission of two or more signals on the same radio (or other) transmission facility. N-AMPS Narrowband Advanced Mobile Phone Service. PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual D-5 Glossary PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card International Association. This acro-

nym is used to refer to credit card sized packages containing memory, I/O devices and other capabilities for use in Personal Computers, handheld comput-

ers and other devices. PCS Personal Communications Service. A vague label applied to new-generation mobile communication technology that uses the narrow band and broadband spectrum recently allocated in the 1.9 GHz band. PDA Personal Digital Assistant. Portable computing devices that are extremely por-

table and that offer a variety of wireless communication capabilities, including paging, electronic mail, stock quotations, handwriting recognition, facsimile, cal-

endar, and other information handling capabilities. PDC Personal Digital Cellular (formerly Japanese Digital Cellular). A TDMA-based digital cellular standard that operates in the 1500 MHz band. Phase The particular angle of inflection of a wave at a precise moment in time. It is normally measured in terms of degrees. PHS Personal Handyphone System. A wireless telephone standard, developed and first deployed in Japan. It is a low mobility, small-cell system. POP Short for population. One person equals one POP. POTS Plain Old Telephone Service. PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network. Refers to the international telephone system and includes both local and long distance networks. Reverse Channel Refers to the radio channel that sends information from a mobile station to a base station. (See Forward Channel.) RF Radio Frequency. Those frequencies in the electromagnetic spectrum that are associated with radio wave propagation. Roaming The ability to use a wireless phone to make and receive calls in places outside one's home calling area. RSA Rural Service Area. One of the 428 FCC-designated rural markets across the United States used as license areas for cellular licenses. (See MTAs and BTAs.) Sector A portion of a cell. Often, different sectors within the same cell will each use a different set of frequencies to maximize spectrum utilization. Signal to Noise Ratio The ratio of signal power to noise power at a given point in a given system. Smart Antenna Refers to an antenna whose signal handling characteristics change as signal conditions change. Soft Handoff Virtually undetectable by the user, soft handoff allows both the origi-

nal cell and a new cell to serve a call temporarily during the handoff transition. D-6 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E Spectrum The range of electromagnetic frequencies. Spread Spectrum A method of transmitting a signal over a broad range of frequen-

cies and then re-assembling the transmission at the far end. This technique reduces interference and increases the number of simultaneous conversations within a given radio frequency band. T-1 A North American commercial digital transmission standard. A T-1 connection uses time division multiplexing to carry 24 digital voice or data channels over copper wire. TDMA Time Division Multiple Access. A method of digital wireless communica-

tions that allows multiple users to access (in sequence) a single radio frequency channel without interference by allocating unique time slots to each user within each channel. TIA Telecommunications Industry Association. TR-45 One of six committees of the Telecommunications Industry Association. TR-45 oversees the standard making process for wireless telecommunications. Upbanded A service or technology that has been re-engineered to operate at a higher frequency than originally designed. Wireless Describes any radio-based system that allows transmission of voice and/or data signals through the air without a physical connection, such as a metal wire or fiber optic cable. Wireline Wire paths that use metallic conductors to provide electrical connections between components of a system, such as a communication system. WLANs Wireless Local Area Networks. Technology that provides wireless commu-

nications to Portable Computer users over short distances. PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual D-7 Glossary D-8 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40 620004-0 Rev. E