FCC ID: PIDAIRSPAN-IDR900 Indoor Data Radio (IDR)

H External Antennas Specifications This appendix provides specifications for optional third-party external antennas for WipLL devices operating in the 900 MHz and 700 MHz bands. H.1. WipLL 900 MHz H.1.1. BSR (at Base Station) Airspan offers the following optional third-party external antennas for BSR devices operating in the 900 MHz band:

Panel 35/ 18.6 dBi

Panel 120/16 dBi

Panel 62/16 dBi

Panel 90/17 dBi

Omni-Directional 360/12 dBi (3 Lobe Tilt)

Omni-Directional 360/12 dBi (5 Lobe Tilt)

Sector (65/15.5 dBi)

Omni-directional (11 dBi) 25030311-08 Airspan Networks Inc. H-1 External Antennas Specifications System Description H.1.1.1. Panel 35/ 18.6 dBi The Panel 35/ 18.6 dBi antennas radiation pattern and physical design is shown in the figure below. Figure H-1: Panel 35/ 18.6 dBi antenna radiation pattern The table below lists the Panel 35/ 18.6 dBi antenna specifications. Table H-1: Panel 35/ 18.6 dBi antenna specifications Electrical specifications Frequency range 870 960 MHz Polarization Vertical Gain (dBd/dBi) 16.5/18.6 Azimuth BW 35 Elevation BW 14.5 Beam Tilt 0 USLS (dB)

>18 Front-to-Back Ratio (dB) 25 VSWR

<1.33:1 H-2 Airspan Networks Inc. 25030311-08 System Description External Antennas Specifications Electrical specifications IM Suppression Two 20 Watt Carriers Impedance Max. Input Power Lightening Protection

-150 dBc 50 500 Watts DC Ground Weight Dimensions (LxWxD) Max. Wind Area Max. Wind Load (at 100 mph) Max. Wind Speed Radiator Material Radome Material Mounting Hardware Material Connector Type Color Standard Mounting Hardware Downtilt Mounting Hardware Mechanical specifications 17.5 lbs (7.9 kg) 48.5 x 18.5 x 5 in. (1232 x 470 x 127 mm) 5.3 ft2 (0.49 m2) 213 lbf (947 N) 125 mph (201 km/h) Aluminum ABS, UV Resistant Galvanized Steel 7/16 DIN (Back) Light gray DB380 Pipe Mount Kit, included DB5083, optional H.1.1.2. Panel 120/16 dBi The Panel 120/16 dBi antennas radiation pattern and physical design is shown in the figure below. 25030311-08 Airspan Networks Inc. H-3 External Antennas Specifications System Description Figure H-2: Panel 120/16 dBi antenna radiation pattern (at mid-band) The table below lists the Panel 120/16 dBi antenna specifications. Table H-2: Panel 120/16 dBi antenna specifications Frequency range Polarization Gain Half-power beam width Impedance VSWR Max. Power Lobe Tilt Null Fill Connector Lightning Protection Electrical specifications 806 960 MHz Vertical 16 dBi H-plane: 120 E-plane: 7 50

<1.4:1 500 W (limited by connector only) 1.25 25%

N, NE (elongated N connector), DIN, EDIN (elongated DIN connector) Direct ground Mechanical specifications H-4 Airspan Networks Inc. 25030311-08 System Description External Antennas Specifications Electrical specifications Wind area Weight Wind load at 50 m/s Depth Width Length 0.73 m2 (7.87 ft2) 14 kg (31 lbs) 1140 N (256 lbs) 160 mm (6.3 in.) 295 mm (11.6 in.) 2450 mm (96.5 in.) H.1.1.3. Panel 62/16 dBi The Panel 62/16 dBi antennas radiation pattern and physical design is shown in the figure below. Figure H-3: Panel 62/16 dBi antenna radiation pattern (at mid-band) 25030311-08 Airspan Networks Inc. H-5 External Antennas Specifications System Description The table below lists the Panel 62/16 dBi antenna specifications. Table H-3: Panel 62/16 dBi antenna specifications Frequency range Polarization Gain Half-power beam width Impedance VSWR Max. Power Lobe Tilt Null Fill Connector Lightning Protection Wind area Weight Wind load at 50 m/s Depth Width Length Electrical specifications 806 960 MHz Vertical 16 dBi H-plane: 62 E-plane: 14 50

<1.4:1 500 W (limited by connector only) 1.25 5%

N, NE (elongated N connector), DIN, EDIN (elongated DIN connector) Direct ground Mechanical specifications 0.36 m2 (3.9 ft2) 6.5 kg (14.3 lbs) 560 N (126 lbs) 160 mm (6.3 in.) 295 mm (11.6 in.) 1225 mm (48.2 in.) H-6 Airspan Networks Inc. 25030311-08 System Description External Antennas Specifications H.1.1.4. Panel 90/17 dBi The Panel 90/17 dBi antennas radiation pattern and physical design is shown in the figure below. Figure H-4: Panel 90/17 dBi antenna radiation pattern (at mid-band) 25030311-08 Airspan Networks Inc. H-7 External Antennas Specifications System Description The table below lists the Panel 90/17 dBi antenna specifications. Table H-4: Panel 90/17 dBi antenna specifications Frequency range Polarization Gain Half-power beam width Impedance VSWR Max. Power Lobe Tilt Null Fill Connector Lightning Protection Wind area Weight Wind load at 50 m/s Depth Width Length Electrical specifications 806 960 MHz Vertical 17 dBi H-plane: 90 E-plane: 7 50

<1.4:1 500 W (limited by connector only) 1.25 25%

N, NE (elongated N connector), DIN, EDIN (elongated DIN connector) Direct ground Mechanical specifications 0.73 m2 (7.87 ft2) 14 kg (31 lbs) 1140 N (256 lbs) 160 mm (6.3 in.) 295 mm (11.6 in.) 2450 mm (96.5 in.) H-8 Airspan Networks Inc. 25030311-08 System Description External Antennas Specifications H.1.1.5. Omni-Directional 360/12 dBi (3 Lobe Tilt) The Omni-Directional 360/12 dBi (3 Lobe Tilt) antennas radiation pattern and physical design is shown in the figure below. Figure H-5: Omni-Directional 360/12 dBi (3 Lobe Tilt) radiation pattern (at mid-band) 25030311-08 Airspan Networks Inc. H-9 External Antennas Specifications System Description The table below lists the Omni-Directional 360/12 dBi (3 Lobe Tilt) antenna specifications. Table H-5: Omni-Directional 360/12 dBi (3 Lobe Tilt) antenna specifications Frequency range Polarization Gain Half-power beam width Impedance VSWR Max. Power Lobe Tilt Null Fill Connector Lightning Protection Wind area Weight Wind load at 50 m/s Length:

Overall Radome Diameter Electrical specifications 870 960 MHz Vertical 12 dBi H-plane: 360 E-plane: 7 50

<1.43:1 500 W (limited by connector only) 3 25%

N, NE (elongated N connector), DIN, EDIN (elongated DIN connector) Direct ground Mechanical specifications 0.2 m2 (2.4 ft2) 12 kg (26.5 lbs) 351 N (79 lbs) 3393 mm (134 in.) 2893 (114 in.) 65 mm (2.6 in.) H-10 Airspan Networks Inc. 25030311-08 System Description External Antennas Specifications H.1.1.6. Omni-Directional 360/12 dBi (5 Lobe Tilt) The Omni-Directional 360/12 dBi (5 Lobe Tilt) antennas radiation pattern and physical design is shown in the figure below. Figure H-6: Omni-Directional 360/12 dBi (5 Lobe Tilt) radiation pattern (at mid-band) 25030311-08 Airspan Networks Inc. H-11 External Antennas Specifications System Description The table below lists the Omni-Directional 360/12 dBi (5 Lobe Tilt) antenna specifications. Table H-6: Omni-Directional 360/12 dBi (5 Lobe Tilt) antenna specifications Frequency range Polarization Gain Half-power beam width Impedance VSWR Max. Power Lobe Tilt Null Fill Connector Lightning Protection Wind area Weight Wind load at 50 m/s Length:

Overall Radome Diameter Electrical specifications 870 960 MHz Vertical 12 dBi H-plane: 360 E-plane: 7 50

<1.43:1 500 W (limited by connector only) 5 25%

N, NE (elongated N connector), DIN, EDIN (elongated DIN connector) Direct ground Mechanical specifications 0.2 m2 (2.4 ft2) 12 kg (26.5 lbs) 351 N (79 lbs) 3393 mm (134 in.) 2893 (114 in.) 65 mm (2.6 in.) H-12 Airspan Networks Inc. 25030311-08 System Description External Antennas Specifications H.1.1.7. Sector Antenna (65/15.5 dBi) This antenna is designed for best non-line of sight performance with Airspans BSR operating in the 900 MHz band. Advanced features include: high gain and mechanical down tilt. Figure H-7: Sector antenna radiation pattern 25030311-08 Airspan Networks Inc. H-13 External Antennas Specifications System Description The table below lists the Sector antenna specifications. Table H-7: Sector antenna specifications Electrical specifications Frequency range Polarization Gain Half-power beam width Front-to-back ratio Impedance VSWR Intermodulation IM3

(2 x 43 dBm carrier) Max. Power 870 960 MHz Vertical 15.5 dBi H-plane: 65 E-plane: 13

>25 dB 50 .

<1.3

<150 dBc 500 W (at 50 C ambient temperature) Mechanical specifications Input Connector position Weight Wind load Max. wind velocity Packing size Height/width/depth 7-16 female Bottom 6 kg Frontal: 220 N (at 150 km/h) Lateral: 140 N (at 150 km/h) Rear side: 490 N (at 150 km/h) 200 km/h 1422 x 272 x 160 mm 1294 /258 /103 mm H-14 Airspan Networks Inc. 25030311-08 System Description External Antennas Specifications H.1.1.8. Omni-Directional Antenna (11 dBi) This antenna is designed for best non-line of sight performance with Airspans BSR operating in the 900 MHz band. Figure H-8: Omni-directional antenna radiation pattern 25030311-08 Airspan Networks Inc. H-15 External Antennas Specifications System Description The table below lists the Omni-directional antenna specifications. Table H-8: Omni-directional antenna specifications Electrical specifications Frequency range Polarization Gain Impedance VSWR Intermodulation IM3

(2 x 43 dBm carrier) Max. Power 870 960 MHz Vertical 11 dBi 50

<1.5

<150 dBc 500W (at 50 C ambient temperature) Mechanical specifications Model Type Input Connector position Weight Radome diameter Wind load Max. wind velocity Packing size Height/width/depth 736 347 7-16 female Bottom 8 kg 51 mm 210 N (at 150 km/h) 200 km/h 3316 x 148 x 112 mm 3033 mm 736 348 7-16 female Top 3022 mm H.1.2. IDR (at Subscriber Site) Airspan offers one of the following optional third-party external antennas for the IDR device operating in the 900 MHz band:

10 dBi Panel antenna

6.5 dBi Panel antenna H-16 Airspan Networks Inc. 25030311-08 System Description External Antennas Specifications H.1.2.1. 10 dBi Panel The following table lists the 10-dBi Panel antenna specifications. Table H-9: 10 dBi Panel antenna specifications Electrical Frequency range Gain VSWR 3 dB Beamwidth

(related to vertical polarization) Polarization Side lobes level Cross polarization F/B ratio Input impedance Input power Lightning protection Mechanical Dimensions (LxWxD) Weight Connector Radome Base plate Mounting kit Environmental Test Low temperature High temperature Temp. cycling Vibration 902 - 928 MHz 10 dBi (min) 1.5:1 (max) Azimuth: 65 (typ) Elevation: 55 (typ) Linear (Vertical or Horizontal)

-18dB (max) @ +/-90

-14dB (max)

-20dB (max) 50 (ohm) 6W (max) Non 305x305x25 mm (max) 1.5 kg (max) N-Type Female Plastic Aluminum with chemical conversion coating MT-120018 Standard IEC 68-2-1 IEC 68-2-2 IEC 68-2-14 IEC 60721-3-4 Duration 72 h 72 h 1 h 30 min/axis Temperature Notes

-55C

+71C

-45C +70C

3 Cycles Random 4M3 25030311-08 Airspan Networks Inc. H-17 External Antennas Specifications System Description Shock mechanical Humidity Water tightness Solar radiation Flammability Salt spray Ice and snow Wind speed survival Operation Wind load (survival):

Front thrust Side thrust IEC 60721-3-4 ETSI EN300-2-4 T4.1E IEC 529 ASTM G53 UL 94 IEC 68-2-11 Ka

144 h

1000 h

500 h

H.1.2.2. 6.5 dBi Panel The following table lists the 6.5 dBi Panel antenna specifications. Table H-10: 6.5 dBi Panel antenna specifications 4M3 95%

IP67

CLASS HB

25mm radial 220 Km/h 160 Km/h 26.8 kg 2.2 kg Electrical Frequency range Gain VSWR 3 dB Beamwidth Azimuth Elevation Polarization Cross polarization F/B ratio Input impedance Input power Lightning protection 902-928 MHz 6.5 dBi (min) 1.5:1 (max) 80 (typ) 80 (typ) Linear (Vertical or Horizontal)

-14dB (max)

-11dB (max) 50 (ohm) 6W (max) NON H-18 Airspan Networks Inc. 25030311-08 System Description External Antennas Specifications Mechanical Dimensions (LxWxD) Weight Connector Radome Base plate Outline drawing Mounting kit Environmental Test Low temperature High temperature Temp. cycling Vibration Shock mechanical Humidity Water tightness Solar radiation Flammability Salt spray Ice and snow Wind speed survival Operation Wind load (survival):

Front thrust Side thrust 190x190x30 mm (max) 0.7kg (max) N-Type Female Plastic Aluminum with chemical conversion coating RD41245600C MT-120018/A Standard IEC 68-2-1 IEC 68-2-2 IEC 68-2-14 IEC 60721-3-4 IEC 60721-3-4 ETSI EN300-2-4 T4.1E IEC 529 ASTM G53 UL 94 IEC 68-2-11 Ka

Duration 72 h 72 h 1 h 30 min/axis Temperature

-55C

+71C

-45C +70C

144 h

1000 h

500 h

Notes

3 Cycles Random 4M3 4M3 95%

IP67

Class HB

25mm radial 220 Km/h 160 Km/h 10 kg 1.6 kg 25030311-08 Airspan Networks Inc. H-19 External Antennas Specifications System Description H.2. WipLL 700 MHz The built-in antennas of all WipLL radios, except for WipLL 700 MHz, cover all frequencies in their respective frequency band. WipLL 700 MHz built-in antenna covers only Band C (i.e. 710 to 716 MHz, and 740 to 746 MHz) frequency band. Therefore, Airspan provides an external antenna for WipLL 700, allowing coverage of the entire 700 MHz band (698 to 746 MHz), including the licensed A and B bands used in USA. For most bands, WipLL radios are compatible with a large variety of external antennas. However, WipLL 700 provides a limited variation of external antennas. Therefore, for WipLL 700 MHz, the following antennas are provided:

90 panel or omni-directional (for BSR)

14-element yagi antenna (for SPR) H.2.1. Antenna Specifications Table H-11 and Table H-12: list the external antenna specifications for BSR and SPR devices operating in the 700 MHz band, respectively. Table H-11: BSR 700 MHz external antennas External antenna type 90 panel Omnidirectional Parameter Value Frequency Range (MHz) Gain (dBi) Beam Width H X V (degrees) Polarization VSWR Impedance (ohm) Front-to-Back Ratio (dB) Frequency Range (MHz) Gain (dB) 698 - 746 14 90 x 20 Vertical

< 1.4 50

> 25 698 - 746 7.5 H-20 Airspan Networks Inc. 25030311-08 System Description External Antennas Specifications External antenna type Parameter Value Beam Width H X V (degrees) Polarization VSWR Impedance (ohm) 360 x 20 Vertical 1.5 50 Parameter Table H-12:: SPR 700 MHz external yagi antenna SPR 700 MHz 698 - 746 13 32 x 32 Vertical/horizontal

< 1.8 50

> 15 Frequency Range (MHz) Gain (dBi) Beam Width H X V (degrees) Polarization VSWR Impedance (ohm) Front-to-Back Ratio (dB) H.2.2. RF Planning Guidelines for Band C in FCC Markets Some operators (e.g., in the USA) have licenses for Band C (710 716 MHz and 740 746 MHz). When operating in Band C, WipLL 700 allows a maximum of four BSRs at a Base Station (according to FCC regulations). This is to reduce RF interference with other radio devices that may be operating in nearby frequencies. With the 1 Msps mode, the center frequencies are 711.5, 712.5, 713.5, 714.5, 741.5, 742.5, 743.5, and 744.5. Thus, the frequency allocation for four BSRs (i.e., sectors) is 711.5, 741.5, 714.5, and 744.5. With the 1.33 Msps mode, the center frequencies are 712, 713, 714, 742, 743, and 744. Thus, the frequency allocation for four BSRs (i.e., sectors) is 712, 742, 714, and 744. 25030311-08 Airspan Networks Inc. H-21 External Antennas Specifications System Description Figure H-9: Frequency allocation in a four-sector Base Station Radio interference may occur between the BSRs operating in the upper frequency range (i.e., 742 MHz and 744 MHz) and the lower frequency range (i.e., 712 MHz and 714 MHz). To overcome this interference, a 1-meter vertical separation is recommended between the BSRs operating in the upper frequency and the BSRs operating in the lower frequency. H-22 Airspan Networks Inc. 25030311-08

12 Installing the IDR This chapter describes the installation of the WipLL Indoor Data Radio (IDR), which is installed at the subscriber site. Warning: When operating in the 900 MHz band, the IDR model with an external antenna must not be co-located or operating in conjunction, with any other antenna or transmitter. Warning: To avoid electrical or fire hazard, ensure that all cable connections to the IDR are performed prior to connecting the power supply. Note: The digital portion of the transceiver has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment on and off, the user is encouraged to try correct the interference by performing one or more of the following measures:

- Reorientate or relocate the receiving antenna

- Increase separation between the equipment and receiver

- Connect the equipment to an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected

- Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help 02030311-07 Airspan Networks Inc. 12-1 Installing the IDR Hardw are Installation Guide 12.1. Physical Dimensions and Basic Design The IDR is encased in a chassis providing access to the IDR's communication port at the front panel. The following figure displays the IDRs front panel (when the front chassis cover is removed). RJ-45 10Base-T port LEDs Chassis cover bolt Molex 6-pin power port RJ-11 serial port TNC-type connector for 3rd party external antenna Figure 12-1: IDR front panel (removed cover) exposing ports 12-2 Airspan Networks Inc. 02030311-07 Hardware Installation Guide Installing the IDR The IDR's physical dimensions are described in Table 12-1. Table 12-1: IDR physical dimensions Parameter Value Weight Dimensions (H x W x D) IDR with built-in antenna IDR with an external antenna 1,43 kg 155 mm (6.1 inches) x 233 mm (9.17 inches) x 74.5 mm (2.93 inches) 120.5 mm (4.74 inches) x 61mm (2.4 inches) x 35 mm (1.37 inches) Comment Note: Dimensions exclude the external power adapter. 12.2. Mounting the IDR The IDR is installed indoors. It is positioned so that the IDR (or a third-party external antenna) is in line-of-site with the WipLL Base Station (i.e., BSR). The IDR may be mounted in the following ways:

Desktop

Pole

Wall Warning: The IDR must only be installed indoors. Airspan is not liable and responsible for any damages that may occur to the IDR if it is installed outdoors. Note: Before mounting or attaching any brackets to the IDR, ensure that all cables are securely attached and that the unit functions correctly in the proposed location. 02030311-07 Airspan Networks Inc. 12-3 Installing the IDR Hardw are Installation Guide 12.2.1. Desktop Mounting The IDR may be mounted on a desk in one of the following orientations:

Vertically

Horizontally 12.2.1.1. Vertical Desk Mounting A base plate is provided to mount the IDR vertically on a desk so that it is in a standing position. To desk mount the IDR in a vertical position:

Insert the IDR into the base plate, pressing firmly until the tabs click into place

(see Figure 12-2). Desk-

mounting plate Figure 12-2: IDR vertical desk mounting 12-4 Airspan Networks Inc. 02030311-07 Hardware Installation Guide Installing the IDR 12.2.1.2. Horizontal-Desk Mounting To position the IDR horizontally on a desk, four rubber pads, supplied with the unit, must be fitted to avoid damage to the mounting surface. To desk mount the IDR in a horizontal position:

Secure the rubber pads to the posts provided on the rear of the IDR using four self-tapping screws. See Figure 12-3. Figure 12-3: IDR horizontal desk mounting using supplied rubber pads and tapping screws 02030311-07 Airspan Networks Inc. 12-5 Installing the IDR Hardw are Installation Guide 12.2.2. Wall and Pole Mounting The IDR may be mounted to a wall or to a 5-cm diameter pole. Wall and pole mounting both use the same mounting brackets and wall hanger plate. 12.2.2.1. Assembling the Bracket and Hanger Plate The wall hanger plate secures the IDR to a wall or pole. The wall bracket and hanger plate allows positioning the IDR in the correct orientation. Holes are provided in the wall hanger plate for both pole and wall mounting options To assemble the bracket and hanger plate:

1. Insert a 4 mm hex nut into the slot on the tilt arm component 2. Holding the nut in place, attach the tilt arm to the mounting bracket using a 4 mm socket head bolt. Hand-tighten the bolt only. See Figure 12-4. 3. Affix the complete mounting assembly to the rear of the IDR using the 4-off self-tapping screws supplied with the kit. Mounting Bracket Screw Tilt Arm Nut Figure 12-4: Mounting bracket assembly 12-6 Airspan Networks Inc. 02030311-07 Hardware Installation Guide Installing the IDR 4. Attach the wall bracket assembly to wall hanger using an M4 socket-head bolt and nut as shown in Figure 12-5. The bolt is only to be hand tightened at this stage. Wall Hanger M-4 nut Screw Mounting bracket assembly Figure 12-5: Wall hanger fixing method Figure 12-6: Wall hanger & mounting bracket assembly 02030311-07 Airspan Networks Inc. 12-7 Installing the IDR Hardw are Installation Guide 5. Once assembled, the IDR mounting bracket assembly may be secured to the rear of the IDR using the 4-off self-tapping screws supplied in the unit fixing kit. See Figure 12-7. Self -

tapping Screws Figure 12-7: Mounting bracket assembly secured to IDR 12-8 Airspan Networks Inc. 02030311-07 Hardware Installation Guide Installing the IDR 12.2.2.2. Pole Mounting Prior to mounting the IDR to a pole the wall mounting bracket assembly must be fitted as described in the previous section. To pole mount the IDR:

1. Offer up the IDR assembly to the pole as shown in Figure 12-8. 2. Insert 2-off M10 bolts through the holes in the wall hanger. 3. Slide the clamp-holder into position and secure using washers, spring-washers and nuts as illustrated in Figure 12-9. Finger-tighten the fasteners. 4. Slide the IDR to the required location on the pole and fully tighten the fasteners. Clamp holder Washer Spring Washer Bolt Hex Nut Figure 12-8: IDR pole mounting components 02030311-07 Airspan Networks Inc. 12-9 Installing the IDR Hardw are Installation Guide Figure 12-9: IDR secured to a pole To set the correct IDR inclination:

1. Loosen the 2-off M4 socket head screws on the mounting bracket tilt-arm 2. Position the IDR at the desired angle. 3. Re-tighten the 2 off socket screws on the tilt arm. 12-10 Airspan Networks Inc. 02030311-07 Hardware Installation Guide Installing the IDR 12.2.2.3. Wall Mounting Warning: Prior to drilling holes in a wall ensure that there are no hidden services such as electricity cables or water pipes. A stop must be used on the power drill to ensure that bored holes do not exceed 35 mm. To mount the IDR on a wall:

1. Loosen the 2-off M4 socket head screws on the mounting bracket tilt-arm and remove the wall hanger. 2. Offer up the wall hanger to the wall and scribe through the mounting-hole locations. 3. Drill holes to suit the type of wall fixing. 4. If required insert anchor plugs suited to the wall material. 5. Affix the wall hanger using 4-off screws suited to the anchor plugs and wall material. 6. Re-attach the IDR mounting bracket to the wall hanger. Finger-tighten the screws. 7. Position the IDR at the desired inclination. 8. Re-tighten the screws to lock the IDR in position. 02030311-07 Airspan Networks Inc. 12-11 Installing the IDR Hardw are Installation Guide 12.3. Connecting a Third-Party External Antenna The IDR provides a TNC-type connector for connecting a third-party antenna. This antenna can be placed on the subscribers windowsill to provide better RF signal reception with the BSR.

Connector: TNC-type male Warning: Before connecting the external antenna, ensure that the IDR is NOT connected to the power source. Figure 12-10: Connecting a third-party antenna 12-12 Airspan Networks Inc. 02030311-07 Hardware Installation Guide Installing the IDR Warning: It is the responsibility of the person installing the WipLL system to ensure that when using the outdoor antenna kits in the United States (or where FCC rules apply), that only those antennas certified with the product are used. The use of any antenna other than those certified with the product is expressly forbidden in accordance with FCC rules CFR47 part 15.204. The installer should configure the output power level of antennas according to country regulations and per antenna type. Warning: Indoor units and antennas should be installed ONLY by experienced installation professionals who are familiar with the local building and safety codes and are licensed by the appropriate government authorities Warning: In accordance with FCC regulations, ensure that when operating in unlicensed bands, the external antennas provide a maximum EIRP of 36 dBm to prevent interference with other radios operating in the unlicensed band. The EIRP is defined as:

Max. Power Output + Antenna Gain + Cable Loss 36 dBm (EIRP) Warning: When using external antennas, the external antennas must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. 12.4. Connecting to an Ethernet Network The IDR provides one Ethernet interface for the subscribers Ethernet network. This port is located on the front panel, and labeled Ethernet. The IDR-to-Ethernet network cable set up is as follows:

Cable: CAT-5

Connector: 8-pin RJ-45

Connector pinouts:

Cat 5 cable 8-pin RJ-45 Pin Function 02030311-07 Airspan Networks Inc. 12-13 Installing the IDR Hardw are Installation Guide 1 2 3 6 Rx+

Rx-

Tx+

Tx-

Note: pins not mentioned in the table are not connected. To connect IDR to the subscribers Ethernet network:

1. Attach the 8-pin RJ-45 connector, at one end of the cable, to the IDR's Ethernet port, labeled Ethernet (see Figure 12-11). 2. Attach the 8-pin RJ-45 connector, at the other end of the cable, to the PC's LAN port (see Figure 12-11). 12-14 Airspan Networks Inc. 02030311-07 Hardware Installation Guide Installing the IDR Figure 12-11: Connecting IDR to a client PC 02030311-07 Airspan Networks Inc. 12-15 Installing the IDR Hardw are Installation Guide 12.4.1. Ethernet LED Indicator The IDR provides a LED that indicates an Ethernet connection. This LED is labeled Ethernet and is located on the IDRs top panel. LED Ethernet Color Orange Table 12-2: Description of Ethernet LEDs Indicates Status On Off Blinking Ethernet data packets are flowing through the Ethernet port Physical link between IDR and Ethernet network No physical link between IDR and Ethernet network 12.5. Positioning IDR for Optimum RF Reception Once mounted to a wall, pole, or desk the IDR unit may be positioned to ensure the best RF signal communication with the BSR. The RF signal strength is indicated by three LEDs on the IDR chassis. The following table describes the RF signaling strength indicator LEDs. Table 12-3: Description of RF signal strength LEDs LED Color Function Status Description Green RSSI level RSSI LEDs:

LO, MED, and HI Previous Releases RSSI -60 dBm

-65 dBm RSSI

-61 dBm

-70 dBm RSSI

-66 dBm RSSI -77 dBm

-76 dBm RSSI

-71 dBm Release 4.2B RSSI -60 dBm

-70 dBm RSSI <

-60 dBm

-80 dBm RSSI <

-70 dBm

-90 dBm RSSI <

-80 dBm RSSI < -90 dBm All LEDs On Two LEDs On One LED On One LED Blinking All LEDs Off 12-16 Airspan Networks Inc. 02030311-07 Hardware Installation Guide Installing the IDR Figure 12-12: IDR LED indicators To position the IDR for optimum RF signal:

Position the IDR until all three RF signaling strength indicator LEDs are lit. Refer to Section 12.2.2, Wall and Pole Mounting page 12-6 for details on adjusting IDR wall and pole mounting position. For desktop mounting, the IDR can be simply relocated to obtain the strongest signal. 02030311-07 Airspan Networks Inc. 12-17 Installing the IDR Hardw are Installation Guide 12.6. Connecting to PC for Serial Configuration To perform IDR initial configuration, you need to connect the IDRs RJ-11 port to the serial port of a PC running the WipLL network management application (i.e., WipConfig). The IDRs RJ-11 port labeled Serial, located on the front panel, connects to the serial port of a PC. This is performed using two cables (straight through and crossover) and an RJ-11-to-9 pin D-type female adapter on the crossover cable.

Connectors:

6 pin RJ-11 male (to IDR)

6 pin RJ-11 male (to adapter)

6 pin RJ-11-to-9 pin D-type female adapter

9 pin D-type male (to adapter)

9 pin D-type female (to PC)

Cable:

Straight-through cable with 6-pin RJ-11 connectors on both sides: one for IDR and one for the RJ-11-to-9 pin D-type adapter (connects straight-

through to crossover cable)

Crossover cable with RJ-11-to-9 pin D-type adapter on one end and 9-pin D-type female on the other that connects to the PC 12-18 Airspan Networks Inc. 02030311-07 Hardware Installation Guide Installing the IDR

Connector pinouts:

IDR side Straight-through cable PC side Crossover cable Pin 1 5 6 6-pin RJ-11 Function 9-pin D-type female Pin 9-pin D-type male Pin 9-pin D-type female Pin Rx GND Tx 3 5 2 To connect the IDR to the WipLL management station (PC):

1. Connect the 6 pin RJ-11 connector, at one end of the straight-through cable, to 2 5 3 2 5 3 the IDRs RJ-11 port labeled Serial. 2. Connect the RJ-11 connector, at the other end of the straight-through cable, to the RJ-11-to-9 pin D-type adapter. 3. Connect the 9 pin D-type male connector, at one end of the crossover cable, to the RJ-11-to-9 pin D-type adapter. 4. Connect the 9 pin D-type female connector, at the other end of the crossover cable, to the PCs serial port. 02030311-07 Airspan Networks Inc. 12-19 Installing the IDR Hardw are Installation Guide Figure 12-13: IDR-to-PC serial cable connections 12-20 Airspan Networks Inc. 02030311-07 Hardware Installation Guide Installing the IDR 12.7. Connecting Power The IDR is powered by an external power supply (Triple Output External Adapter). The IDR connects to the power adapter via the IDR's power port located on the IDRs front panel. The following table lists the external power supply specifications:

Table 12-4: IDR power supply requirements Power parameter Voltages Frequency Maximum power consumption Units 110-240 VAC 50 to 60Hz Less than 15W Warning: If you are using an external antenna, ensure that you connect the antenna before connecting the BSR to the power source. Warning: Ensure that plugs fitted to mains power leads for subscriber premises equipment are compatible with AC mains sockets. Do not replace plugs on power leads to suit local requirements without first verifying earthing practice for the country and equipment in question. Careful consideration must be given to issues including local wiring requirements, cable color-coding, and safety earthing and circuit protection requirements. Warning: To avoid electrical or fire hazard, ensure that the data connections to the IDR are made prior to connecting the power supply. The AC mains must be capable of supplying at least 230 VAC 02030311-07 Airspan Networks Inc. 12-21 Installing the IDR Hardw are Installation Guide Prior to connecting to the power outlet, the following pre-connection inspection should be performed on power sockets:

Ensure no other equipment is connected to the power outlet.

Ensure no physical sign of damage to the power outlet.

Ensure no water or dampness on or around the power outlet.

Ensure plug and socket assemblies are firmly secured.

Check the power outlet to verify the earth loop impedance value and the presence of phase, neutral and earth connections using a proprietary plug tester such as a Martindale Ze type. The IDR-to-power cable set up is as follows:

Cable: 3-core 0.7mm type

Connector: 6-Pin power connector

Connector pinouts:

Pin Function 1 2 3 4 5 6

+6.5V

+5V 3.3V GND Not connected Not connected To connect the power:

1. Plug the AC power adapters 6-pin Molex connector into the IDRs power port labeled Power (see Figure 12-14). 2. Plug the AC power plug female, at the one end of the AC power cable, into the AC power adapters socket (see Figure 12-14). 3. Plug the AC power plug male, at the other end of the AC power cable, into the electrical outlet (see Figure 12-14). 12-22 Airspan Networks Inc. 02030311-07 Hardware Installation Guide Installing the IDR Figure 12-14: Connecting power to the IDR 12.7.1. Power LED The IDR provides a power LED indicator (labeled Power) indicating whether a power supply exists. The Power LED is located on the IDR's front panel. Table 12-5: Description of Power LEDs LED Power Color Red Status On Off Meaning The SDA receives power supply No power received 02030311-07 Airspan Networks Inc. 12-23

2 Safety Guidelines This chapter outlines safety guidelines when installing the WipLL system. Warning: The user and the installer should be aware that changes and modifications not expressly approved by Airspan Networks could void the users authority to operate the equipment. Warning: Never install equipment that is damaged. Warning: Only qualified personnel should be allowed to install, replace, and service the WipLL equipment. 2.1. Electrical Safety Guidelines Warning: Disconnect all power when installing. 2.1.1. Handling Electrostatic Devices Electrostatic devices are those devices that may be damaged by the inadvertent discharge of static electricity from a charged body. The risk of damage, due to electrostatic discharge (ESD) to a device, may cause the device to fail suddenly, or it may induce a partial defect within the device, which will cause subsequent premature failure. 02030311-07 Airspan Networks Inc. 2-1 Safety Guidelines Hardw are Installation Guide Static electricity can result from operators walking on floors, moving around on chairs, from the movement of operator's clothing or even casual brushing against racks, benches or walls. Airspan recommends the following guidelines to be adopted to minimize the risk of component failure due to electrostatic discharge to the device:

WipLL devices are provided typically in see-through anti-static bags. Wherever possible, checking and inspection of a unit should occur without removing it from the bag.

All operators shall wear the approved conductive overall.

Where operators come into direct contact with any piece of electronic hardware, operators must wear an ESD-preventive wrist strap. All straps and cords should be tested using a Wrist Strap Tester prior to use. The wrist strap cords shall have a 2 Meg Ohm resistor fitted at either end. Wrist straps should be worn in direct contact with bare skin and not over clothing. Warning: To prevent ESD damage to WipLL devices, always wear an ESD wrist strap when handling these devices or coming into contact with internal components. 2.1.2. Grounding Only certain WipLL devices require additional grounding. WipLL devices that do not require additional grounding have grounding at the main supply outlet. The following table lists the WipLL devices grounding requirements. Table 2-1: WipLL grounding requirements Grounding Site Base Station CPE WipLL device BSR BSDU BSPS SPR IDR Through the mains (via BSDU) Additional grounding required (grounding lug at rear end of chassis) Additional grounding required (grounding lug at rear end of chassis) Through the mains (via SDA) Through the mains 2-2 Airspan Networks Inc. 02030311-07 Hardware Installation Guide Safety Guidelines 2.1.3. Lightening Protection Warning: Never install the equipment during stormy weather and lightening. WipLL devices comply with the Surge Immunity standard: EN 61000-4-5. WipLL devices are protected from lightening surges as the outdoor devices (BSRs and SPRs) are encased in a plastic chassis. Therefore, if lightening strikes the device, an electrical circuit cannot be completed, and hence, no electrical surge can occur. In addition, WipLL outdoor and indoor (SDA) devices provide high-speed data line protection against direct and induced transient over-voltages surges on the cables. This capability is provided by the fact that all WipLL devices are designed with TVS (transient voltage suppressor) components that maintain potential differences. However, for geographical areas that have above normal lightening activity, Airspan can supply a surge protector composed of a 15-pin D-type adapter with a grounding wire. 02030311-07 Airspan Networks Inc. 2-3 Safety Guidelines Hardw are Installation Guide 2.2. Installing WipLL Radios and Third-Party External Antennas Warning: It is the responsibility of the person installing the WipLL system to ensure that when using the outdoor antenna kits in the United States (or where FCC rules apply), that only those antennas certified with the product are used. The use of any antenna other than those certified with the product is expressly forbidden in accordance with FCC rules CFR47 part 15.204. The installer should configure the output power level of antennas according to country regulations and per antenna type. Warning: Outdoor WipLL units and antennas should be installed ONLY by experienced installation professionals who are familiar with local building and safety codes and, wherever applicable, are licensed by the appropriate government regulatory authorities. Failure to do so may void Airspans WipLL product warranty and may expose the end user or the service provider to legal and financial liabilities. Airspan and its resellers or distributors are not liable for injury, damage or violation of regulations associated with the installation of outdoor units or antennas. Warning: When using external antennas, the external antennas must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. Warnings:

1) The device cannot be sold retail, to the general public or by mail order. It must be sold to dealers. 2) Installation must be controlled. 3) Installation must be performed by licensed professionals. 4) Installation requires special training. 2-4 Airspan Networks Inc. 02030311-07 Hardware Installation Guide Safety Guidelines Warning: In accordance with FCC regulations, ensure that when operating in unlicensed bands, the external antennas provide an EIRP of less than or equal to 36 dBm to prevent interference with other radios operating in the unlicensed band. The EIRP is defined by the following formula:

Max. Power Output + Antenna Gain - Cable Loss 36 dBm (EIRP) Thus, ensure that cable loss is sufficiently high to achieve EIRP of 36 dBm or less. The table below lists examples of cable loss per cable for maximum antenna gains, based on the formula above. Note that the EIRP is either equal to or less than 36 dBm. 02030311-07 Airspan Networks Inc. 2-5 Safety Guidelines Hardw are Installation Guide 2.3. Preventing Radio Interference The digital portion of the transceiver has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment on and off, the user is encouraged to try correct the interference by performing one or more of the following measures:

Reorientate or relocate the receiving antenna

Increase separation between the equipment and receiver

Connect the equipment to an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected

Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help Warning: The WipLL transceivers emit microwave radiation; a minimum distance of 200 mm must be maintained from the front of the device, and a minimum separation of 1 meter must exists between adjacently installed WipLL transceivers. 2-6 Airspan Networks Inc. 02030311-07 Hardware Installation Guide Safety Guidelines 2.4. Cabling Warning: The maximum cable length between the radio transmitters (i.e., BSR and SPR) and terminating equipment is 100 meters. Warning: Cables with exposed ends (i.e., not yet crimped) should be covered with protective polythene bags during external cable installation processes. Note: Prior to the commencement of any installation, commissioning work at live sites it is the responsibility of the Airspan engineer to advise the customers representative before any activity commences. If in doubt assume equipment is live. Warning: Disturbance of cables on an In-Service exchange can cause loss of service. Extreme care must be taken when installing cables at any customer or subscriber premises. 2.4.1. Considerations The following issues should be considered during cabling at the WipLL Base Station and customer premises:

Cable routes are to be defined in the site-specific documentation. Note: A minimum separation of 200 mm should exist between power and data cables. However, it is permissible to allow these cables to cross each other at right angles.

Observe recommended minimum bend radii when installing copper cables. Wherever a cable changes direction, ensure that it does so in a smooth curve with a radius of at least 50 mm to prevent damage.

Plastic ties and wraps are to be used to secure cables at regular intervals to trays, guides, and mounting pole/bracket. Ensure all trimmed ends are disposed of safely and at regular intervals. 02030311-07 Airspan Networks Inc. 2-7 Safety Guidelines Hardw are Installation Guide

Data cables of less than 20 pairs shall be mixed in bundles not exceeding 50 mm in diameter.

Ensure cables are not trapped in cabinet doors, by slide-in equipment or support metalwork.

Excessive stress on cable terminations caused by taught cables should be avoided. Connector strain relief, if not built into the connector used, shall be provided by means of a strategically located cable tie. A maintenance loop or a generous amount of cable slack shall be provided just before the cable reaches the WipLL device to allow for equipment removal without disturbance to adjacent cables.

When installing network cables, ensure they are not damaged by friction or sharp edges.

Data cables providing connection to the customers network shall be run in protective conduits. Cable conduits should be secured to the wall in accordance with manufacturers instructions.

External data cables are to be protected in metal conduits, which are to be in accordance with manufacturers the building structure secured recommendations. to

Wiring conduits must be placed in areas to prevent a trip hazard (e.g. dont install on roof walkways)

Cables should be carefully fed through conduits and not pulled by means of any attached connector.

Sufficient space should be provided in cable conduits, trunking or trays (where possible) to allow for future cabling growth.

Data cables threaded into holes drilled in walls are to be covered by a waterproof sheath to prevent water penetration.

Silicone sealant should be used to plug any holes on both internal and external wall surfaces once cables are in place.

Cables not housed in conduits must be placed in a manner to avoid a trip hazard.

(Avoid trailing wires across passageways.) 2-8 Airspan Networks Inc. 02030311-07 Hardware Installation Guide Safety Guidelines 2.4.2. Labeling The following labels are required to be fitted to WipLL equipment:

Voltage Warning

High Earth Leakage Current

Signal Cable Designation 2.4.2.1. Voltage Warning Warning: Voltages over 30 Volts AC and 50 Volts DC are categorized as hazardous. Hazard warning labels should be fitted where required. Certain countries require equipment warning and instruction labels to appear in the local local requirements regarding labels are given consideration. installing WipLL equipment ensure language. When that

Where mains power is fed from separate phases, appropriate warning labels must be fitted to warn of the increased danger.

The AC equipment used in the BSPS cabinet must carry a relevant voltage warning label specific to the country in which it is being installed. The label will be fitted to the cabinet doors displaying an electrical hazard symbol, the local operating voltage and the letters AC.

A power feed identification label (e.g. PWR A) shall be applied in the following locations:

On the rear of the main power rack adjacent to the terminal block

Attached to BSPS AC mains power plug or lead

Attached to the customer mains power socket or distribution rail

On the BSPS power circuit connection at the fuse board 02030311-07 Airspan Networks Inc. 2-9 Safety Guidelines Hardw are Installation Guide 2.4.2.2. High Earth Leakage Current If equipment earth leakage current exceeds 3.5 mA, a warning label as shown in Figure 2-1 must be fitted to the rear of the main power rack alongside the AC inlet terminal block. WARNING HIGH LEAKAGE CURRENT Earth connection essential Before connecting supply Figure 2-1: Warning label if earth leakage current exceeds 3.5 mA 2.4.2.3. Signal Cable Designation All data cables should be labeled with both the source and destination at each end. A wrap around identification label, similar to that shown in Figure 2-2, is to be fitted to both ends of WipLL data cables. Care should be taken to ensure that the cable identification information is clearly visible. Fit the label 100 mm from the cable end. Wrap the label ensuring good adhesion to cable and itself. From BDSU 1/1 To SPR 1 To SPR 1 From BDSU 1/1 BSDU End SPR End Figure 2-2: Typical signal cable identification label 2-10 Airspan Networks Inc. 02030311-07

2 WipLL Radio Technology -

Physical Layer The WipLL system provides wireless, local-loop connectivity between the providers IP-based backbone and the subscriber. This radio link is established between WipLL transceivers located at the Base Station and subscriber sites. This chapter discusses the following radio frequency (RF) physical layer issues related to the WipLL system:

Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum

Modulation

Frequency Bands

Standards Compliance

WipLL RF Antennas

Radio Planning 25030311-08 Airspan Networks Inc. 2-1 WipLL Radio Technology - Physical Layer System Description 2.1. Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum The WipLL system implements frequency-hopping code division multiple access

(FH-CDMA) spread spectrum modulation for digital signal transmission over the air between the Base Station and the subscriber site. The WipLL systems frequency hopping supports a channel bandwidth of 1 MHz or 1.33 MHz, and channel spacing of 1 MHz (or 1.75 MHz if operating in the 3.5 GHz band). Frequency hopping is a basic modulation techniques used in spread spectrum signal transmission. Spread spectrum enables a signal to be transmitted across a frequency band that is much wider than the minimum bandwidth required by the information signal. The transmitter "spreads" the energy, originally concentrated in narrowband, across a number of frequency band channels on a wider electromagnetic spectrum. In an FH-CDMA system, a transmitter "hops" between available frequencies according to a specified algorithm, which can either be random or predefined (see Figure 2-1). The transmitter operates in synchronization with a receiver, which remains tuned to the same center frequency as the transmitter. A short burst of data is transmitted on a narrowband signal. The transmitter then tunes to another frequency, and transmits again. Therefore, the receiver is capable of hopping its frequency over a given bandwidth several times a second (20 hops per second in the WipLL system), transmitting on one frequency for a certain period of time, then hopping to another frequency and transmitting again. The WipLL system supports a hopping speed of 50 msec hopping intervals. 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 TIME TIME 88 99 1010 1111 1212 f5 f5 f4f4 f3f3 f2f2 f1f1 Frequency Each channel is 1 MHz wide Figure 2-1: An example of Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum 2-2 Airspan Networks Inc. 25030311-08 System Description WipLL Radio Technology - Physical Layer The advantages of implementing FH-CDMA in the WipLL system include the following:

Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) is based on interference avoidance. Narrow band interference that does not meet the SNR blocks only a few hops, decreasing the throughput only partially.

The required spectrum for an FHSS system is flexible in that it does not have to be contiguous.

FHSS can coexist with other systems in the same spectrum band.

To intercept transmission, a receiver must know the hopping sequence therefore, FHSS ensures security.

Frequency diversity copes with the frequency selective fading and multipath. The RF channel obtained by the WipLL operator is divided into n 1-MHz sub-

channels, with center frequencies located at integer multiples of 1 MHz (see Figure 2-2). These sub-channels are organized into a set of orthogonal hopping sequences. Several methodologies are available for creating these sequences, depending on available spectrum and local regulations. Sub-channel RF channel Assigned band Figure 2-2: Relationship between sub-channel, RF channel, and assigned channel 25030311-08 Airspan Networks Inc. 2-3 WipLL Radio Technology - Physical Layer System Description Table 2-1 shows an example of six orthogonal sequences that can be derived from seven sub-channels. Table 2-1: Example of six orthogonal FH sequences Sequence No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Sub-channels (frequencies) 5 3 1 6 4 2 2 4 6 1 3 5 3 6 2 5 1 4 4 1 5 2 6 3 6 5 4 3 2 1 Up to 32 such sequences, each with up to 99 sub-channels can be pre-configured in the WipLL ROM. An additional 32 sequences can be configured by the WipLL operator in the RAM to provide further flexibility. 2.2. Modulation The WipLL system is based on Continuous Phase Frequency Shift Keying (CPFSK) modulation. Frequency Shift Keying uses m different frequencies for m symbols. The simplest FSK is binary FSK, where 0 and 1 correspond to different frequencies:

Figure 2-3: Graph displaying different frequencies for 0 and 1 bits FSK is similar to non-linear analogue FM, but with digital modulation. 2-4 Airspan Networks Inc. 25030311-08 System Description WipLL Radio Technology - Physical Layer FSK provides the following benefits:

Non-coherent detection is possible - no carrier synchronization is required.

Immunities to non-linearity - the envelope contains no information and, therefore, can be hard-limited; information is carried by zero crossings:

Can be used with non-linear power amplifiers

Better efficiency The FSK phase can be discontinuous or continuous, as displayed in Figure 2-4. Figure 2-4: FSK phase: discontinuous (left wave); continuous (right wave) Continuous wave is more natural than discontinuous and provides the following advantages:

Smaller bandwidth (discontinuous wave causes high frequency components)

Operates better when transmission link has non-linearities 25030311-08 Airspan Networks Inc. 2-5 WipLL Radio Technology - Physical Layer System Description 2.3. Frequency Bands WipLL provides a Wireless Local Loop (WLL) solution in the following frequency bands:

Licensed bands:

700 MHz (698 746 MHz)

2.5 GHz (MMDS)

2.8 GHz (TDD)

3.3 to 3.8 GHz TDD/FDD (50 or 100 MHz duplex separation)

Unlicensed bands:

ISM 900 MHz (902 MHz to 928 MHz)

ISM 2.4 GHz (TDD)

5.8 GHz (TDD) For details on specific WipLL products, see Appendix B. 2-6 Airspan Networks Inc. 25030311-08 System Description WipLL Radio Technology - Physical Layer 2.4. Standards Compliance Table 2-2 lists standards to which WipLL complies. Standard EMC Radio Safety Environmental Table 2-2: WipLL standards compliance Compliance 700 MHz: FCC part 27 900 MHz: FCC part 15 2.4 GHz: ETS 300 826; FCC part 15 MMDS: FCC part 21 3.5 GHz: EN 300 385; EN 300 386-2; ETS 300 132-2 5.8 GHz: FCC part 15 700 MHz: FCC part 27 900 MHz: FCC part 15 2.4 GHz: EN 300 328-1; FCC part 15; RSS 139; Telec MMDS: FCC part 21 3.5 GHz: EN 301 253 5.8 GHz: FCC part 15 UL 1950, EN 60950 ETS 300 019 25030311-08 Airspan Networks Inc. 2-7 WipLL Radio Technology - Physical Layer System Description 2.5. WipLL RF Antennas WipLL provides a variety of internal antenna types as well as an option for connecting off-the-shelf, third-party external antennas. Table 2-3 provides a general description of the WipLL RF antenna parameters. Parameter Antenna type Polarization ETSI compliant Receive diversity External third-

party antennas

(optional) Table 2-3: WipLL RF antenna specification Description Integral flat-printed antenna: for BSR, PPR, SPR, and IDR devices: No RF cable is involved for connection between BSR and SPR. The interface between outdoor radio unit-to-indoor unit (ODU-to-IDU) is by CAT-5 cable. Integral narrow-beam antenna: for the BSR device operating in the 3.5 GHz band. Integral high-gain antenna: for SPR and PPR devices operating in the 3.5 GHz and 2.4 GHz bands. Vertical (Horizontal polarization is optional for SPR at 3.5 GHz) EN 302 085, Class CS1 for the BSR, and TS2 for the SPR Supported in single BSR through dual integral antennas Connects to BSR, PPR, and SPR using an N-type connector. Connects to IDR using a TNC connector. Provides further flexibility for the WipLL operator to improve link budget or cost-effectiveness of the Base Station. For example, an omni-directional antenna for 360 coverage can be implemented by a single BSR. For BSRs operating in the 700 MHz or 900 MHz bands, two N-type connectors are provided for attaching two external third-party antennas for dual antenna diversity at the WipLL Base Station. When operating in the 700 MHz band, the BSR is supplied with a panel-type antenna; the SPR model with a yagi-type antenna Notes: Devices with external antennas do not contain built-in (internal) antennas. 2-8 Airspan Networks Inc. 25030311-08 System Description WipLL Radio Technology - Physical Layer 2.5.1. WipLL Internal Antenna Specifications Table 2-4, Table 2-5, Table 2-6, and Table 2-7 list the internal antenna specifications of the BSR, PPR, SPR, and IDR devices, respectively. Table 2-4: BSR (Base Station) antenna specifications BSR Type Frequency range

(MHz) Gain

(dBi) Beam width H X V

(degrees) Parameter Polarization VSWR Impedance

(ohm) 902 - 928 900 MHz 2.4 GHz 2,400 -2,500 MMDS 2,500 - 2,690 2.8 GHz 2,700 - 2,900 3.x GHz 3,300 - 3,800 Narrow-

3,400 -3,700 beam 3.x GHz 5.8 GHz 5,725 - 5,875 8 11 11 11 12 18 60 x 60 Vertical 60 x 25 65 x 22 60 x 23 60 x 17 16 x 18 Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical 1:1.5 1:1.5 1:1.6 1:1.5 1:1.5 1:1.5 50 50 50 50 50 50 12 60 x 15 Vertical 1:1.5 50 Table 2-5: PPR (Base Station) antenna specifications PPR Type Frequency range

(MHz) Gain

(dBi) Beam width H X V

(degrees) Parameter Polarization VSWR Impedance

(ohm) 2.4 GHz 3.x GHz 5.8 GHz 2,400 -2,500 18 19 x 25 Vertical 3,400 -3,700 18 16 x 18 Vertical 5,725 - 5,875 12 60 x 15 Vertical 1:1.6 1:1.5 1:1.5 50 50 50 Front-

to-

back ratio

(dB) 25 25 25 25 25 30 25 Front-

to-

back ratio

(dB) 28 30 25 25030311-08 Airspan Networks Inc. 2-9 WipLL Radio Technology - Physical Layer System Description Table 2-6: SPR (CPE outdoor unit) antenna specifications Freq. range

(MHz) Polari-

zation Imped-

ance

(ohm) Gain

(dBi) VSWR Beam width H X V

(deg. 8 18 710 - 716

740- 746 902 - 928 8 2,400 -

15 2,500 2,400 -

2,500 2,500 -

2,690 2,700 -

2,900 3,400 -

3,600 3,400 -

3,600 5,725 -

5,875 15 15 18 16 15 60 x 60 Vertical 1:1.6 50 60 x 60 Vertical 24 x 33 Vertical 19 x 25 Vertical 21 x 29 Vertical 21 x 30 Vertical 18 x 28 Vertical/

Horizontal 16 x 18 Vertical 21 X 12 Vertical 1:1.9 1:1.6 1:1.6 1:1.6 1:1.6 1:1.6 1:1.6 1:1.6 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 SPR Type 700 MHz 900 MHz 2.4 GHz High-gain 2.4 GHz MMDS 2.8 GHz 3.5 GHz High-gain 3.5 GHz 5.8 GHz Front

-to-

back ratio

(dB) 20 23 28 28 25 25 25 25 25 Notes:

1) The SPR 700 MHz and 900 MHz models have larger dimensions than the standard SPR models. Their dimensions are the same as that for the BSR. 2) The SPR 3.5 GHz and SPR 2.4 GHz models are available in large and standard (smaller) dimensions (chassis). The dimensions (i.e., large or small) affect the antenna gain. 3) The 700 MHz internal antenna covers only 710 - 716 MHz and 740 - 746 MHz (i.e. Band C). To cover the entire band of 698 746 MHz, an external antenna is used (see Section 2.5.2tbd). 2-10 Airspan Networks Inc. 25030311-08 System Description WipLL Radio Technology - Physical Layer IDR Type 900 MHz 2.4 GHz 3.5 GHz Table 2-7: IDR (CPE - indoor unit) antenna specifications Freq. range

(MHz) Polarization VSWR Impedance Gain

(dBi)

(ohm) Beam width H X V

(deg.) 902 - 928 8 67 x 93 Vertical 2,400 to 2,500 3,400 to 3,600 10 10 65 x 32 Vertical 65 x 32 Vertical 1:1.9 1:1.6 1:1.6 50 50 50 Front-

to-

back ratio

(dB)

-17 25 25 2.5.2. WipLL External Antennas WipLL provides options to attach external antennas when operating in the 700 and 900 MHz bands. 2.5.2.1. 900 MHz The WipLL BSR and IDR devices operating in the 900 MHz band, provide N-type receptacles for connecting external antennas. The BSR provides two N-type receptacles (for antenna diversity), and the IDR provides one TNC-type receptacle. This document lists the specifications of these external antennas intended for the BSR and IDR devices. 2.5.2.1.1. BSR External Antennas Airspan provides the following external antennas for BSR devices operating in the 900 MHz band:

Sector antenna

Omnidirectional antenna 25030311-08 Airspan Networks Inc. 2-11 WipLL Radio Technology - Physical Layer System Description 2.5.2.2. Sector Antenna This antenna is designed for best non-line of sight performance with Airspans BSR operating in the 900 MHz band. Advanced features include: high gain and mechanical downtilt. Electrical specifications Frequency range Polarization Gain Half-power beam width Front-to-back ratio Impedance VSWR Intermodulation IM3

(2 x 43 dBm carrier) Max.power Mechanical specifications Input Connector position 870 960 MHz Vertical 15.5 dBi H-plane:65 E-plane:13

>25 dB 50 .

<1.3

<150 dBc 7-16 female Bottom 500 W (at 50 C ambient temperature) 2-12 Airspan Networks Inc. 25030311-08 System Description WipLL Radio Technology - Physical Layer Weight Wind load Max.wind velocity Packing size Height/width/depth 6 kg Frontal: 220 N (at 150 km/h) Lateral: 140 N (at 150 km/h) Rearside: 490 N (at 150 km/h) 200 km/h 1422 x 272 x 160 mm 1294 /258 /103 mm 2.5.2.2.1. Omnidirectional Antenna This antenna is designed for best non-line of sight performance with Airspans BSR operating in the 900 MHz band. Electrical specifications Frequency range Polarization Gain Impedance VSWR Intermodulation IM3

(2 x 43 dBm carrier) Max. power 870 960 MHz Vertical 11 dBi 50

<1.5

<150 dBc 500W (at 50 C ambient temperature) 25030311-08 Airspan Networks Inc. 2-13 WipLL Radio Technology - Physical Layer System Description Mechanical specifications Model Type Input Connector position Weight Radome diameter Wind load Max.wind velocity Packing size Height/width/depth 736 347 7-16 female Bottom 8 kg 51 mm 210 N (at 150 km/h) 200 km/h 3316 x 148 x 112 mm 3033 mm 736 348 7-16 female Top 3022 mm 2.5.2.3. IDR External Antennas Airspan provides one of the following external antennas for the IDR device operating in the 900 MHz band:

10 dBi Panel antenna

6.5 dBi Panel antenna 2-14 Airspan Networks Inc. 25030311-08 System Description WipLL Radio Technology - Physical Layer 902 - 928 MHz 10 dBi (min) 1.5:1 (max) Azimuth: 65 (typ) Elevation: 55 (typ) Linear (Vertical or Horizontal)

-18dB (max) @ +/-90

-14dB (max)

-20dB (max) 50 (ohm) 6W (max) Non 305x305x25 mm (max) 1.5 kg (max) N-Type Female Plastic Aluminum with chemical conversion coating MT-120018 2.5.2.3.1. 10 dBi Panel Electrical Frequency range Gain VSWR 3 dB Beamwidth

(related to vertical polarization) Polarization Sidelobes level Cross polarization F/B ratio Input impedance Input power Lightning protection Mechanical Dimensions (LxWxD) Weight Connector Radome Base plate Mounting kit Environmental Test Low temperature High temperature Temp. cycling Vibration Shock mechanical Humidity Water tightness Standard IEC 68-2-1 IEC 68-2-2 IEC 68-2-14 IEC 60721-3-4 IEC 60721-3-4 ETSI EN300-2-4 T4.1E IEC 529 Duration 72 h 72 h 1 h 30 min/axis

144 h Temperture

-55C

+71C

-45C +70C

Notes

3 Cycles Random 4M3 4M3 95%

IP67 25030311-08 Airspan Networks Inc. 2-15 WipLL Radio Technology - Physical Layer System Description Solar radiation Flammability Salt spray Ice and snow Wind speed survival Operation Wind load (survival):

Front thrust Side thrust ASTM G53 UL 94 IEC 68-2-11 Ka

1000 h

500 h

CLASS HB

25mm radial 220 Km/h 160 Km/h 26.8 kg 2.2 kg 2.5.2.3.2. 6.5 dBi Panel Electrical Frequency range Gain VSWR 3 dB Beamwidth Azimuth Elevation polarization Cross polarization F/B ratio Input impedance Input power Lightning protection Mechanical Dimensions (LxWxD) Weight Connector Radome Base plate Outline drawing Mounting kit 902-928 MHz 6.5 dBi (min) 1.5:1 (max) 80 (typ) 80 (typ) Linear (Vertical or Horizontal)

-14dB (max)

-11dB (max) 50 (ohm) 6W (max) NON 190x190x30 mm (max) 0.7kg (max) N-Type Female Plastic Aluminum with chemical conversion coating RD41245600C MT-120018/A 2-16 Airspan Networks Inc. 25030311-08 System Description WipLL Radio Technology - Physical Layer Environmental Test Low temperature High temperature Temp. cycling Vibration Shock mechanical Humidity Water tightness Solar radiation Flammability Salt spray Ice and snow Wind speed survival Operation Wind load (survival):

Front thrust Side thrust Standard IEC 68-2-1 IEC 68-2-2 IEC 68-2-14 IEC 60721-3-4 IEC 60721-3-4 ETSI EN300-2-4 T4.1E IEC 529 ASTM G53 UL 94 IEC 68-2-11 Ka

Duration 72 h 72 h 1 h 30 min/axis Temperture

-55C

+71C

-45C +70C

144 h

1000 h

500 h

Notes

3 Cycles Random 4M3 4M3 95%

IP67

Class HB

25mm radial 220 Km/h 160 Km/h 10 kg 1.6 kg 2.5.2.4. Considerations for WipLL 700 For most of the frequency bands, WipLL products provide a variation of models consisting of internal and external antennas. The internal antennas of all WipLL products, except for WipLL 700, cover all frequency bands. WipLL 700s internal antenna covers only Band C (i.e., 710 to 716 MHz, and 740 to 746 MHz) frequency band. Therefore, for WipLL 700, Airspan provides an external antenna, allowing coverage in the entire 700 MHz band (698 to 746 MHz), including the licensed A and B bands used in USA. 25030311-08 Airspan Networks Inc. 2-17 WipLL Radio Technology - Physical Layer System Description 2.5.2.5. External Antennas For most bands, WipLL products allow connection of a large variety of external antennas. However, WipLL 700 provides a limited variation of external antennas, including, amongst others, the following:

90 panel or omnidirectional (for BSR)

14-element yagi antenna (for SPR) These external antennas can be supplied by Airspan. The external antennas connect to the WipLL devices by an N-type connector. 2.5.2.6. RF Planning Guidelines for Band C in FCC Market Some operators (e.g., in the USA) have licenses for Band C (710 716 MHz and 740 746 MHz). When operating in Band C, WipLL 700 allows a maximum of four BSRs at a Base Station (according to FCC regulations). This is to reduce RF interference with other radio devices that may be operating in nearby frequencies. With the 1 Msps mode, the center frequencies are 711.5, 712.5, 713.5, 714.5, 741.5, 742.5, 743.5, and 744.5. Thus, the frequency allocation for four BSRs (i.e., sectors) is 711.5, 741.5, 714.5, and 744.5. With the 1.33 Msps mode, the center frequencies are 712, 713, 714, 742, 743, and 744. Thus, the frequency allocation for four BSRs (i.e., sectors) is 712, 742, 714, and 744. 2-18 Airspan Networks Inc. 25030311-08 System Description WipLL Radio Technology - Physical Layer Figure 2-5: Frequency allocation in a four-sector Base Station Radio interference may occur between the BSRs operating in the upper frequency range (i.e., 742 MHz and 744 MHz) and the lower frequency range (i.e., 712 MHz and 714 MHz). To overcome this interference, a 1-meter vertical separation is recommended between the BSRs operating in the upper frequency and the BSRs operating in the lower frequency. 25030311-08 Airspan Networks Inc. 2-19 WipLL Radio Technology - Physical Layer System Description 2.5.2.7. Specifications Table 2-4 and Table 2-6 list the external antenna specifications for BSR and SPR devices operating in the 700 MHz band. Table 2-8: BSR 700 MHz external antennas External antenna type 90 panel Omnidirectional Parameter Value Frequency Range (MHz) Gain (dBi) Beam Width H X V (degrees) Polarization VSWR Impedance (ohm) Front-to-Back Ratio (dB) Frequency Range (MHz) Gain (dB) Beam Width H X V (degrees) Polarization VSWR Impedance (ohm) 698 - 746 14 90 x 20 Vertical

< 1.4 50

> 25 698 - 746 7.5 360 x 20 Vertical 1.5 50 Parameter Table 2-9: SPR 700 MHz external yagi antenna SPR 700 MHz 698 - 746 13 32 x 32 Vertical/horizontal

< 1.8 50

> 15 Frequency Range (MHz) Gain (dBi) Beam Width H X V (degrees) Polarization VSWR Impedance (ohm) Front-to-Back Ratio (dB) 2-20 Airspan Networks Inc. 25030311-08 System Description WipLL Radio Technology - Physical Layer 2.6. Radio Planning WipLL radio planning can be divided into the following areas:

Main technical parameters

Coverage analysis

Interference analysis: FDD vs. TDD

Frequency allocation: Synchronized vs. Unsynchronized operation

Capacity considerations

Selecting appropriate mode of operation

Radio Planning software tool 25030311-08 Airspan Networks Inc. 2-21 WipLL Radio Technology - Physical Layer System Description 2.6.1. Main Technical Parameters The main technical parameters required for RF planning for WipLL are summarized in Table 2-10. Table 2-10: Radio specifications Parameter Radio Technology Multiple Access Method Output Power Sub-Channel Spacing Symbols per second (Msps) Sub-Channel bandwidth (measured at 20 dB attenuation point) Modulation Receiver Sensitivity (BER 1E-6 at 2/4/8 FSK) SNR Thresholds (BER 1E-6 at 2/4/8 FSK) Interference Rejection Factor for 1.33 Msps mode (1 Msps mode):

1 MHz 2 MHz 3 MHz Value FH-CDMA Proprietary Adaptive TDMA protocol (Preemptive Polling Multiple Access PPMA) 27 dBm for all models, except for the following:

WipLL 700: 32 dBm WipLL 900: 30 dBm (but when operating in countries complying with FCC, max. is 23 dBm) 1 MHz or 1.75 MHz (1.75 MHz is possible only for devices operating in the 3.5 GHz band) Two modes are supported:

1 Msps, or 1.33 Msps 1 MHz or 1.33 MHz, depending on the selected mode Multilevel (2, 4, or 8) CPFSK1

-90/ -83/ -75 dBm 12/ 20/ 28 dB 5 dB (7 dB) 30 dB (40 dB) 52 dB (53 dB) 1 The intermediate 4-FSK modulation is not supported when 1.33 Msps mode is selected 2-22 Airspan Networks Inc. 25030311-08 System Description WipLL Radio Technology - Physical Layer Parameter Value 4 MHz 5 MHz Receiver Noise Figure 58 dB (60 dB) 63 dB (64 dB) 10 dB 2.6.2. System Coverage System coverage includes the following:

Line of sight (LOS)

Link Budget 2.6.2.1. Line of Sight Usually, WipLL requires the existence of a line of sight (LOS) between the base station transmitter and the subscribers receiver (near line of sight [NLOS] may be possible to a limited extent for ranges of a few hundred meters). Therefore, the availability of LOS (clear first Fresnel Zone) should be estimated during CPE installation or preferably during network planning. Recommended propagation models used in coverage analysis are based on free-space propagation with compensation for ground and irregular terrain reflections and diffraction. Specific propagation model names vary between different software tools. The model should also include a certain level of fade margin, as discussed in the next section. 25030311-08 Airspan Networks Inc. 2-23 WipLL Radio Technology - Physical Layer System Description 2.6.2.2. Link Budget The coverage analysis of WipLL includes the analysis of the power balance between the transmitter and the receiver, threshold considerations, margins, reserves, and certain statistics of the system. Therefore, the lead-in reception level is measured by the following equation:

Rx = Tx LossTx + AntGainTx PathLoss + AntGainRx LossRx Where, Rx =

Tx =

LossTx =

LossRx =

AntGainTx = Transmitter antenna gain AntGainRx = Receiver antenna gain in dBi (decibels referenced to isotropic Reception level in dBm Transmitter power in dBm (27 dBm in the WipLL system) Transmitter losses in dB (0 dB in the WipLL system) Terminal receiver losses in dB (0 dB in the WipLL system) radiator) Propagation loss in dB PathLoss =

Note: Both the base station and the subscriber site can serve as transmitter or receiver. For downlink budget, the transmitter is the base station and the receiver is the subscriber; and vice versa for the uplink budget. 2-24 Airspan Networks Inc. 25030311-08 System Description WipLL Radio Technology - Physical Layer 2.6.2.2.1. Propagation loss Propagation is the dispersal of the signal into space as it leaves the antenna. The loss of this propagation depends on the signal path between the transmitter and the receiver. Obstructions in the signal path such as trees and buildings can cause signal degradation. Several models simulate signal attenuation along this path. Propagation loss should incorporate fading margins to compensate different phenomenon such as multipath shadowing and climatic behavior of the waves. Based on this, the parameter path loss can be represented by PathLoss = L + Fade Margin.

Free Space model:

Free space propagation loss is valid where the first Fresnel Zone is clear. In this case, free space propagation loss is given by the following equation:

LFS = 32.44 + 20logd[km] + 20logf[MHz]

Fade Margin:

Fade margin further introduces fading factor to the propagation loss to cover the different signal fading and shadow effects, as well as the degradation caused by interferences. The fading factor depends on the time availability parameter defined by the operator, and should be calculated according to the ITU 530 model for 99.9% availability. For simplicity purposes, the ITU model can be replaced by a 10 dB Flat fade margin as a rough estimation.

Rainfall:

Radio signals are attenuated by moisture in the atmosphere. The level of attenuation varies with carrier frequency, the quantity of rainfall, and the distance from the transmitter to the receiver. The variation of attenuation with frequency is particularly strong and highly non-linear. At 3 GHz, the highest attenuation is about 0.06 dB/Km; for a typical WLL path of, for example, 6 Km, the attenuation is only 0.36 dB. Therefore, for the purpose of link budget, we can assume that the impact of rainfall is negligible. 25030311-08 Airspan Networks Inc. 2-25 WipLL Radio Technology - Physical Layer System Description 2.6.2.2.2. Link Budget Results Based on the previous formulas mentioned in the above sections, the following link budget results can be obtained for 99.9% availability:

Modulation Rate

(Mbps) Range (in km) 5.8 GHz 3.5 GHz 900 MHz 700 MHz 2.4 GHz2 MMDS

(2.5 GHz) 8 FSK 4 FSK 2 FSK 8 3 or 4 2 11 1 or 1.33 14 8 11 14 7 10 13 6 8 11 8 11 15 15 22 28 Note: Link budget is calculated for the standard integrated WipLL antennas. Where required, the range can be increased by the implementation of external antennas. 2.6.3. Interference Analysis Interference analysis should be based on parameters defined in Section 2.6.1, Main Technical Parameters to determine the downlink and uplink carrier-to-interference ratio (C/I). The C/I is a key factor in determining the supported modulation for each link. Thresholds for C/I for the different modulations are mentioned in Section 2.6.1, Main Technical Parameters. Interference analysis depends on the duplex scheme implemented in the system. Since WipLL supports both FDD and TDD, different considerations should be applied. 2 Although the transmitter is capable of transmitting 27 dBm, in most cases the EiRP in the ISM band is limited by local regulations. For example, ETSI limits the EiRP to 20 dBm, FCC to 36 dBm, and TELEC to 27 dBm. The link budget calculated here assumes no limit. 2-26 Airspan Networks Inc. 25030311-08 System Description WipLL Radio Technology - Physical Layer 2.6.3.1. FDD vs. TDD Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) interference analysis is relatively simple. The frequency separation between downlink and uplink (50 to 100 MHz) enables Airspan to conduct downlink and uplink interference analysis independently. However, in Time Division Duplex (TDD), since Tx and Rx are not synchronized, cross-link interference, for example, between a transmitting BSR and an adjacent receiving BSR, may result. It is expected that these interferences will be dominant in the TDD mode. The major consequence of this are the different limitations imposed on frequency separation between adjacent BSRs:

FDD: 2 MHz

TDD: 4 MHz The required separation is a function of the isolation between co-located antennas. The 4-MHz separation is based on 60 dB isolation. Based on this, a simple frequency allocation for a stand-alone cell is presented in Figure 2-6. 11 9 1 7 3 5 Frequency Allocation Single Cell (FDD) Frequency Allocation Single Cell (TDD) Figure 2-6: Frequency Allocation for a stand-alone cell: FDD (left) vs. TDD (right) 25030311-08 Airspan Networks Inc. 2-27 WipLL Radio Technology - Physical Layer System Description 2.6.4. Frequency Allocation Frequency allocation includes the following issues:

Synchronized vs. Unsynchronized operation

Frequency Reuse

Frequency Allocation template 2.6.4.1. Synchronized vs. Unsynchronized Operation The frequency allocation scheme in WipLL depends on the mode of operation. Three main options exist:

Unsynchronized Frequency Hopping

Synchronized Frequency Hopping

Fix Sub-Channel Assignment 2.6.4.1.1. Unsynchronized Frequency Hopping A scenario may exist whereby the operator does not want to synchronize base stations due to cost or regulatory issues. For example, the FCC prohibits synchronization between base stations when operating in the unlicensed band. In such a scenario, the BSRs (and SPRs) are assigned pseudo-random frequency tables, and, therefore, collisions between transceivers are possible, resulting in some level of retransmissions. However, implementing orthogonal frequency tables (hopping sequences) reduces collisions. In this mode of operation, the available set of sub-channels, which must include a prime number of sub-channels, is organized into several different hopping sequences that are orthogonal to each other. Each BSR in the coverage area is assigned a different sequence (until there is a need to start reusing the tables). The degradation level in performance due to collisions will be a random number, depending on the length of the frequency tables (the number of available sub-channels). 2-28 Airspan Networks Inc. 25030311-08 System Description WipLL Radio Technology - Physical Layer Figure 2-7 displays a graph depicting the hit or blocking probability as a function of number of interferers for different table lengths (7, 23, and 79). 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 N = 7 N = 23 N = 79 Figure 2-7: Hit probability as a function of active interferers Note: The probability of collisions with 20 interferers and 79 sub-channels is only 20%. 2.6.4.1.2. Synchronized Frequency Hopping In most scenarios, the operator synchronizes between WipLL base-stations located in the same coverage area. This option provides the best control over intra-system interferences. In this mode of operation, the available set of sub-channels is arranged in a single hopping sequence, common to all transceivers (BSRs and SPRs) in the coverage area. Since the table ID is identical to all radios, the only parameter that needs to be assigned is the phase, that is, the starting point within the sequence. By selecting the sequence appropriately, the relative frequency separation between the transceivers remains constant over time, so that interference analysis is quite similar to any Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) system. 25030311-08 Airspan Networks Inc. 2-29 WipLL Radio Technology - Physical Layer System Description 2.6.4.1.3. Fix Sub-Channel Assignment In some scenariosmainly licensed bands in which available spectrum is limited it is possible to create a set of hopping tables, each based on a single sub-channel. Using this approach, the hopping nature of the system is actually disabled, so that synchronization is not required. The trade-off of this approach is loss of frequency diversity, discussed previously as a means to overcome frequency-selective fading. Interference analysis in this mode is identical to any FDMA system. 2.6.4.2. Frequency Allocation Figure 2-8 presents frequency allocation for three adjacent cells for the FDD and TDD schemes. This frequency allocation is relevant only for synchronized frequency hopping or fix sub-channel assignment options. For the unsynchronized frequency hopping option described previously, orthogonal frequency tables are assigned instead of specific sub-channels (or phases). As described in Section 2.6.3, Interference Analysis, 60-dB isolation between co-located BSRs is assumed for the TDD allocation. Figure 2-8: Frequency Allocation FDD (left) and TDD (right) 2-30 Airspan Networks Inc. 25030311-08 System Description WipLL Radio Technology - Physical Layer 2.6.5. Capacity Considerations This section provides high-level guidelines for evaluating WipLL capacity. This capacity relates to the number of subscribers supported by a single BSR according to a certain service mix. The methodology presented here provides a simplified approach for evaluating WipLL capacity capabilities. It can be used as an initial estimation; however, it cannot replace a more accurate capacity analysis performed by an RF planning team. 2.6.5.1. General The general concept for determining the number of subscribers per BSR is presented in Figure 2-9. Aggregate CIR / Over Subscription Factor Voice Calls * Call BW BSR Limit (Kbps) Figure 2-9: Determining number of subscribers per BSR The BSR limit is 4 Mbps; therefore, the total voice and data bandwidth must be lower or equal to 4 Mbps. The number of voice calls should be derived from Erlang B tables according to voice traffic per subscriber (in erlangs), and expected blocking probability (typically 1%) parameters. The VoIP bandwidth depends on the specific codec that will be used. Typical values are specified in the next section. The data portion of the aggregated traffic is based on the sum of the committed information rate (CIR) for all subscribers assigned to the BSR, divided by the appropriate over subscription rate. 25030311-08 Airspan Networks Inc. 2-31 WipLL Radio Technology - Physical Layer System Description Since voice and data services differ by their packet size and their sensitivity to delay, their protocol efficiency can be substantially different. Therefore, when calculating bandwidth for different applications, the gross bandwidth should be used, which takes into account the protocol efficiency. 2.6.5.2. VoIP Bandwidth and Simultaneous Calls The VoIP bandwidth and the number of supported simultaneous calls are a function of the selected codec and the sample interval. Assuming a 4 Mbps gross rate, the following numbers can be used:

Table 2-11: VoIP bandwidth (Kbps) for 4 Mbps gross rate Codec Sample Interval

(msec) Simultaneous Calls G.711 (64 Kbps) G.729 (8 Kbps) G.723.1 (5.3 Kbps) 20 40 20 40 30 60 10 15 14 28 22 42 If silence suppression is used, a factor of 65% should be applied on the call bandwidth. Note: The selection of the appropriate codec should be based on a balance between the occupied bandwidth and the voice quality. 2.6.5.3. Data Bandwidth It is assumed that packet size for data applications is relatively large (about 1,500 bytes), resulting in a protocol efficiency of 80%. Taking this into account, the sum of all data bandwidth should be divided by 80% to obtain the bandwidth over the air. 2-32 Airspan Networks Inc. 25030311-08 System Description WipLL Radio Technology - Physical Layer 2.6.5.4. Calculation Example This example assumes that the required services are based on voice traffic of 100 merlangs per subscriber and a CIR of 256 Kbps. In addition, in this example, a 1%

blocking is expected for voice calls, and 1:10 over subscription is expected for data. The number of subscribers that can be supported by a single BSR (N) is equal to Calls traffic

, Gos

) 000,4 Calls _ Kbps Codec

Sim

%10 Kbps N 256

%80

,4 000 Kbps Assume that N = 40. Therefore, the aggregate voice traffic is equal to 4 erlangs. Using Erlang B tables with 1% blocking, 10 voice channels (calls) are required. For G.729 with 40 msec sample interval and silence suppression, the total capacity set for voice is obtained by 10*143 Kbps*65% = 930 Kbps. The total capacity set for data is obtained by 40*256 Kbps*10%/80% = 1,280 Kbps. This implies that more subscribers can be supported, since the aggregated capacity (2,210 Kbps) is lower than the 4 Mbps limit. If N (BSRs) increases, the limit of 4 Mbps will be reached for N = 80. (The process of finding N can be simplified by using an electronic spreadsheet). 2.6.6. Selecting an Appropriate Operation Mode WipLL enables the operator the flexibility to choose between several modes of operation according to the operators needs. One of the optional modes relates to the symbol rate of the modem. This section presents the main issues that should be considered when selecting an operation mode when deploying the WipLL system. 2.6.6.1. WipLL Multiple Modes WipLL offers the capability to select between two operating modes in terms of symbol rate. The modem can operate in either 1 Mega symbols per second (Msps) or 1.33 Msps. The operating mode is software selectable for each BSR. The differences between the modes of operation are related to the bit rate and the channel bandwidth. 25030311-08 Airspan Networks Inc. 2-33 WipLL Radio Technology - Physical Layer System Description 2.6.6.1.1. Bit Rate The 1 Msps mode supports three levels of modulation, as presented in Table 2-12. Table 2-12: WipLL bit rate at 1 Msps Modulation 8-level FSK 4-level FSK 2-level FSK Bit/Symbol Bit rate (Mbps) 3 2 1 3 2 1 The 1.33 Msps mode supports two levels of modulation according to Table 2-13. Table 2-13: WipLL bit rate at 1.33 Msps Modulation 8-level FSK 2-level FSK Bit/Symbol Bit rate (Mbps) 3 1 4 1.33 Note: The differences in sensitivity and SNR values between the two modes are negligible. 2.6.6.1.2. Channel Bandwidth The 1.33 Msps is based on shorter symbols, with the trade-off of a wider channel bandwidth. The 20 dB attenuation point for the 1 Msps mode and the 1.33 Msps mode is 1 MHz and 1.33 MHz, respectively. 2-34 Airspan Networks Inc. 25030311-08 System Description WipLL Radio Technology - Physical Layer 2.6.6.2. System Range Considerations System range depends on the maximum output power of the system. Different approaches exist, depending on region and frequency band. 2.6.6.2.1. Unlicensed Bands FCC part 15 (paragraph 247) differentiates between three types of systems:

Digital modulated

Frequency hopping

Hybrid Limitations on Tx (transmit) power and EIRP differ on this basis. Table 2-14 summarizes the limitations for the different WipLL products. Table 2-14: Tx power and EIRP limitations for WipLL products Mode Tx power EIRP System type Frequency band 900 MHz 2.4 GHz 1 Msps 1.33 Msps 1 Msps 1.33 Msps 5.8 GHz 1 Msps 15 dBm 18 dBm

36 dBm 36 dBm 36 dBm 27 dBm 36 dBm 36 dBm Hybrid Hybrid Frequency hopping Frequency hopping Frequency hopping Hybrid 1.33 Msps 18 dBm Note: For WipLL 900, the BSRs external antenna must have a minimum cable loss of 2.5 dB to comply with FCCs EIRP limit of 36 dBm. EIRP is calculated as:

Max. Power Output + Antenna Gain + Cable Loss 36 dBm (EIRP) 25030311-08 Airspan Networks Inc. 2-35 WipLL Radio Technology - Physical Layer System Description The table below lists examples of cable loss per cable for maximum antenna gains, based on the formula above. Note that the EIRP is either equal to or less than 36 dBm. Table 2-15: Example of cable loss per cable for maximum antenna gains Cable type Cable length (ft) Tx power

(dBm) Cable loss

(dB) BELDEN -

9913 BELDEN -

89907 10 30 100 10 30 100 18 18.9 21.8 19.3 22.6 23 0.6 1.5 4.4 1.9 5.2 16.3 Max. antenna gain (dBi) 18.6 18.6 18.6 18.6 18.6 18.6 Max. EIRP

(dBm) 36 36 36 36 36 25.3 Table 2-16, Table 2-17, and Table 2-18 present system ranges (in kilometers) for the different frequency bands (900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, and 5.8 GHz, respectively) and modes of operation (i.e., 1 Msps and 1.33 Msps). Table 2-16: WipLL range at FCC limits for 900 MHz Range Mode

(Km) Rate

(Mbps) Modulation 1 Msps 1.33 Msps 8 FSK 4 FSK 2 FSK 8 FSK 2 FSK 3 2 1 4 1.33 4 10 24 6 35 Table 2-17: WipLL range at FCC limits for 2.4 GHz Range Mode

(Km) Rate

(Mbps) Modulation 1 Msps 1.33 Msps 8 FSK 4 FSK 2 FSK 8 FSK 3 2 1 4 4 10 22 1 2-36 Airspan Networks Inc. 25030311-08 System Description WipLL Radio Technology - Physical Layer Mode Modulation Rate

(Mbps) Range

(Km) 2 FSK 1.33 8 Table 2-18: WipLL range at FCC limits for 5.8 GHz Range Mode

(Km) Rate

(Mbps) Modulation 1 Msps 1.33 Msps 8 FSK 4 FSK 2 FSK 8 FSK 2 FSK 3 2 1 4 1.33 2 5 10 1 8 Note:

propagation standard integrated antenna and 10 dB fade margin. Link budget is calculated for the uplink assuming free space As shown in the tables, the system range for the 1 Msps mode is approximately three times higher than for the 1.33 Msps mode due to the 9 dB differences in Tx

(transmit) power. 2.6.6.2.2. Licensed Bands (3.5 GHz) No distinction exists between the two modes in terms of system range. 2.6.6.3. Interference Rejection Two types of interference should be considered:

Intra-system interference: caused by multiple WipLL transmitters

Inter-system interference: caused by external transmitters, mainly in the unlicensed bands 25030311-08 Airspan Networks Inc. 2-37 WipLL Radio Technology - Physical Layer System Description 2.6.6.3.1. Intra-system Interference As mentioned previously, 1.33 Msps mode is achieved by using wider channel bandwidth. This results in a higher bit rate at the expense of increasing adjacent channel interference. This difference can become critical mainly for licensed bands in which the available spectrum might be very limited. It is beyond the scope of this document to provide specific rules regarding the preferred mode as a function of the available spectrum. This is due to the fact that such analysis depends on many parameters such as the cell layout and the topography of the coverage area. However, it should be evaluated during radio planning. 2-38 Airspan Networks Inc. 25030311-08 System Description WipLL Radio Technology - Physical Layer 2.6.6.3.2. Inter-system Interference The immunity of the WipLL system to external interference is due to its spread spectrum system. Exposure to external interference is highest when operating in the unlicensed band. Both FCC and ETSI set limits on the spreading level that is required by a frequency hopping spread spectrum system.

ETSI:

According to EN 300 328, FHSS modulation must use at least 20 well-defined, non-overlapping channels separated by the channel bandwidth as measured at 20 dB below peak power. Since WipLLs carriers must be located at integer multiples of megahertz

(MHz), the above statement limits the channel spacing to 1 MHz for the 1 Msps mode, and 2 MHz for the 1.33 Msps mode. This limits the number of possible hops in the WipLL system when operating under ETSI regulations to between 20 and 80 for the 1 Msps mode, and between 20 and 40 for the 1.33 Msps mode.

FCC:

Part 15 of the FCC sets the same requirement for non-overlapping channels. For frequency hopping systems operating in the 902 MHz to 928 MHz band with a channel bandwidth greater than 250 KHz, the system shall use at least 25 hopping frequencies. For frequency hopping systems operating in the 5725 MHz to 5850 MHz band, the system shall use at least 75 hopping frequencies. For frequency hopping systems operating in the 2400 MHz to 2483.5 MHz band, the system shall use at least 15 non-overlapping channels. In general, since the number of different hops is substantially lower, the capability of WipLL to overcome interferences is reduced. In practice, ETSI allows the operator the flexibility not to use the entire spectrum, in case, for example, a constant interference is identified in a portion of the spectrum. This makes the problem much less critical than in the FCC case, where the entire spectrum must be used. 25030311-08 Airspan Networks Inc. 2-39 WipLL Radio Technology - Physical Layer System Description 2.6.6.4. System Capacity The modulation for each link in the WipLL system is adaptively determined according to the signal strength and the BER. When evaluating system capacity, it should be taken into account that the intermediate 4-FSK modulation is not supported when operating at 1.33 Msps. Assume a WipLL deployment where subscribers are located at various distances from the base stations. In general, three coverage circles can be expected around each base station:

Inner circlesupporting 8-level FSK

Intermediate circlesupporting 4-level FSK

Outer circlesupporting 2-level FSK Let pi, pm, and po represent the percentages of subscribers located at the inner, intermediate, and outer coverage circles, respectively. The average capacity of the system (without taking into account advanced features like fairness) for each of the possible modes can be given by the following formulas:

Msps Capacity 1 Capacity 33.1 Msps Mbps

Mbps

i p

p 3

p 4

i m

2

p

m p o p o 1 33.1

) Radio planning can provide estimations for pi, pm, and po so that the WipLL operator can determine which option provides the highest system capacity. 2.6.6.5. Conclusion The 1.33 Msps mode provides superior bit rate, but at the expense of a possible reduction in radio coverage (FCC), and/or increase in interference. A certain amount of radio planning is required to determine the preferable mode to maximize the overall capacity of the access network. 2-40 Airspan Networks Inc. 25030311-08 System Description WipLL Radio Technology - Physical Layer 2.6.7. Radio Planning Software Tool To design an optimal fixed wireless broadband network, the operator requires an RF design tool that includes features of a geographic information system (GIS) module, a propagation prediction module, and a fixed wireless module. The GIS module should map data that contain or can be assigned geographic coordinates, for example, terrain elevation, land-use classification, site locations, design area boundaries, roads, and highways. The propagation prediction module should provide RF propagation analysis and predictions. This module must support features that allow the propagation model to be calibrated using drive test measurements. The fixed wireless module should support directional CPE antennas for coverage, capacity and interference analysis in LOS and NLOS conditions, and adaptive modulation. 2.6.7.1. Geographic Information Systems Database To enable detailed and accurate propagation prediction, terrain information must be supplemented by a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) database. Clutter databases are typically based on Satellite or Aerial photography, depending on the resolution of the planning. Clutter databases should include Definition of Clutter Types and Clutter Height relative to the underlying DEM. The resolution of data varies depending on the environment at which the planning is targeted. Airspan recommends the following:

Rural: 10 to30 meters

Urban: 5 to 20 meters The specific format of the database depends on the planning tool. The planning software provider or users manual should be consulted to obtain the appropriate format. 25030311-08 Airspan Networks Inc. 2-41 WipLL Radio Technology - Physical Layer System Description This page is intentionally left blank. 2-42 Airspan Networks Inc. 25030311-08