FCC ID: QYT-4120 4120R

Exhibit S: Installation Info FCC ID: QYT-4120 The following paragraphs are the antenna related part of the IDmicro handbook IDmicro provides antennas that have been certified and do not require additional for installing 4120 interrogators and antennas. (Currently in development) Allowable antennas and recommended coax:

testing when used with a cable of at least 3. The acceptable antennas at this time are the 8 dB linearly polarized antenna from Antennas America (Now Arc Wireless) that are approximately 4 square, and the 1 square Ma/Com antennas that are circularly polarized. are most suitable. The constraint is that with the linear polarization, both transmit and receive antennas must be aligned (I.E. horizontal, vertical, etc..), and the tag antenna must be aligned as well. For IDmicro 10ML key FOB, when the physical tag is held vertically, the tag antennas are horizontal. recommended. An additional feature of this antenna is the circular polarization that eliminates the antenna alignment constraint. For long range and focused read zone, the higher gain linearly polarized antennas For shorter range and wider field of view, the Ma/Com antennas are Measurement of the output power at manufacturing is conducted to ensure that the unit is properly compensated and the output amplifiers are not being driven into saturation. For this reason, the units are specd at 28dBm and the 8dB linearly polarized antenna will be well within the FCC guidelines. Given a typical installation, we recommend measurement of the power at the 4120 and using the channels with slightly higher power for the longer cable runs and slightly lower power for the shorter cable runs. The power differences come from the number of switches required to get to each of the 6 connectors. Cable runs of over 50 are possible but the power loss in the cable will measurably reduce the power to the antenna and thus noticeably reduce range. Use of LMR 400 (Times Microwave 0.49) coaxial cable is recommended for all coax runs over 10. The LMR 400 can be ordered in superflex for ease of bending as well as the DB version that provides the capability for direct burial. Operating at less than 26 dBm at the antenna is oftentimes unavoidable and while the range is affected, 20 range is usually obtainable. Primary Requirement for Mounting Antennas:

installed with IDmicro provided antennas that have been tested and certified. In addition, previous analysis indicates that an isolation or stand off of 13 for the 8 dB gain antennas To maintain compliance with FCC rules and regulations, the 4120 must be and 7 for the smaller Ma/Com antennas is required. The isolation can be provided in one of two manners. First is a physical boundary (such as a dome) of plastic or other RF transparent material, and the second is to mount the antennas above or out of the area where a person may be. Mounting the transmit antenna at a height of 8 is generally adequate, particularly if the space under the antenna is occupied by an object. As a rule of thumb, mounting locations where a very tall person cannot touch within 13 of the transmit antenna either by height alone or a combination of height and isolation of the mounting area is required. plastic boxes that provide both physical isolation and protection from the environment. In addition to providing isolation for people, enclosures are recommended for applications where visual appearance is important to the customer or in environments where connectors and mounts can be adversely affected by weather over time. IDmicro can provide enclosures to provide this isolation. The enclosures are

Exhibit G: User Manual FCC ID: QYT-4120 Installation Notes and MSSAssist Users Guide IDmicro 4120 Interrogator

(Draft version - 10June2003) 1.0 INSTALLATION NOTES In accordance with FCC regulations the following information is provided to all users:

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communica-

tions.Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense. All installations of the IDmicro 4120 must be accomplished by professional installers who are knowledgeable of the FCC rules and regulations. When designing the transmit antenna place-

ment, particular emphasis on location and stand offs must be accorded to ensure people can not be exposed to levels above the permissible limits. The IDmicro 4120 is used with 8 dB linearly polarized antennas (from Arc Wireless) or 4 dB circularly polarized antennas (from MaCom). These antennas have been approved for use by the FCC. No other antennas may be used without written approval. IDmicro warrants that with the approved antennas, the output power of the 4120 will not exceed the FCC permissible levels. Use of additional amplifiers or higher gain antennas is not permitted. Deviation from or usage of non-IDmicro supplied parts may void the users authority to use the equipment. 2.0 MsAssist Reference Guide This section is an overview of the MicroStamp Assist (MsAssist.exe) application.1 The MsAssist.exe program is a development tool created for engineers to experiment and gain familiarization with the RFID system. The MsAssist programs usefulness is enhanced with features such as IDmicro-supplied software libraries, on-line bit references, calculators for determining register values, tools for manipulating command windows, and the ability to record and play back command sequences. 0.1 MsAssist Navigation The following section describes important navigation techniques for the MsAssist.exe program. 0.1.1 Displaying MsAssist Windows The MsAssist.exe software application was developed using Visual Basic (VB) 6.0

(32-bit) and is limited to any constraints placed on VB. 0.1.2 Navigating With Hot Keys If the MsAssist main window is the active window, any of the drop-down menus may be selected by using the <ALT> key plus the underlined character from the menu choice. For example, to select the Tools drop-down menu, press the key sequence

<ALT><o>. If a command window is the active window, the hot keys (instead of the mouse) may be used to select any of the buttons. These hot keys are not case sensitive. Send Minimize Close

<ALT><S>

<ALT><M>

<ALT><C>

0.1.3 Minimizing a Group Box A few of the tag-specific functions, such as SetDataLogger, have multiple parameters which require a 1024x768 display resolution. However, a minimizing feature, available on all command windows containing multiple group boxes, allows MsAssist to run on monitors using a 640x480 resolution. To minimize a group box, place the mouse pointer on the group box caption to be minimized and click the right mouse button. Repeat the process to restore the group box to its original size. 1. IDmicro also provides a Readme.txt file (included with the development system software) that docu-

ments changes and updates to the MSL or the MsAssist Reference Guide. 0.2 Command List The command list is an internal structure in the MsAssist program that is used to track command windows. A command window is defined as any window selectable from Tag Cmnds, Interr Cmnds, or Conven Cmnds drop-down menus. Tools that position and manipulate the command windows such as Cascade Cmnds and Reposition Cmnds, as well as the Macro Play/Record use the command list to accomplish this. The command list maintains the command window's sizing information which makes it possible to minimize and maximize the group boxes in the command windows. When the Macro Play/Record is used to play the commands, the command list executes beginning with the first command in the list. The Load button from the Macro Play/

Record window uses the command list to destroy existing command windows. Command list information, stored at the end of the macro file, is used to build the new command list. 0.3 MsAssist Window Layout The following section describes the layout of command windows in the MsAssist.exe program. Figure 1 - Command Window Example 0.3.1 Command Window Layout Tag Cmnds windows contain a Command Parameters group box, an Interrogator Reply Header group box, a Reply Parameters group box, a Send button, a Minimize button, a Close button, and a Status box. Interr Cmnds windows contain the Send, Minimize, and Close buttons, a Status box, and possibly a Command Parameters group box and/or a Reply Parameters group box. Conven Cmnds windows vary depending on command functionality. At a minimum however, they contain Send, Minimize, and Close buttons. 0.3.1.1 Command Parameters Group Box The Command Parameters group box varies depending on the function. Some functions found in the Interr Cmnds and Conven Cmnds menus do not have a Command Parameters group box. Users may modify all fields in the Command Parameters group box. When fields in the Command Parameters group box require a hexadecimal (hex) value, only valid hex characters are permitted. A hex field defined as UBYTE will not allow more than two valid hex characters to be entered. When fields in the Command Parameters group box require decimal (dec) values, only digits 0 through 9 are accepted. A decimal field defined as UBYTE is limited to three valid decimal characters, and a hex field is limited to two valid hex characters. MsAssist does not verify if the UBYTE decimal value is greater than 255. When the Send button is selected, a formatting function ensures that each field in the Command Parameters group box is formatted correctly. If a decimal field is empty, a zero is placed in the field. If a hexadecimal field is empty, the field is prefixed with zeros, according to the field's type. For example, the SubCmnd field is ULONG, and if "20" is entered, the SubCmnd field will be formatted to

"00000020". Refer to the Tag SubCmnd Bit Assignments on page 193 for command parameter type definitions. 0.3.1.2 Interrogator Reply Header Group Box The Interrogator Reply Header parameters remain constant for all functions that require it. Some functions found in the Interr Cmnds and Conven Cmnds menus do not have an Interrogator Reply Header group box in their data structure. Fields in the Interrogator Reply Header group box display either a hexadecimal

(hex) or decimal (dec) value. The Interrogator Reply Header fields cannot be edited. Some interrogators do not use an Interrogator Reply Header. 0.3.1.3 Reply Parameters Group Box The Reply Parameters fields vary depending on the function. Some functions found in the Interr Cmnds and Conven Cmnds menus do not use the Reply Parameters group box. Fields in the Reply Parameters group box display either a hexadecimal (hex) or decimal (dec) value. The Reply Parameters fields cannot be edited, but a reply parameter (such as TagId) may be copied and pasted into a command parameter box. 0.3.1.4 Status Box The Status box displays both the TagStatusReg and InterrStatusReg. The TagStatusReg is the most significant two bytes of the status. For Interr Cmnds and Conven Cmnds, the status is the value returned by the function. The MSL Function Descriptions on page 55 provide detailed information about the reply status for each tag-specific and interrogator-specific function reply. 0.3.1.5 Send Button A command is executed by selecting the Send button located at the bottom left corner of each command window. After Send is selected, a check is made to determine if a command is being processed. If so, the new command will not be processed. This prevents the possibility of stack overflows. If a command is not being processed, the command parameters are formatted, all reply parameters are cleared, the command is sent, and the command's reply is displayed. Tag-specific commands return a status that is evaluated and displayed in the Retries, Antenna, and Attenuation boxes. An Identify Command window is shown below. The left image displays the command window before selecting the Send button, and the right image displays the results following the send. Notice that the window title lists the command window type and the numeric position in the command list. This method is used to distinguish between command windows. Figure 2 - Command Window Results 0.3.1.6 Minimize Button Minimize command windows by selecting the Minimize button at the bottom of each command window or by selecting the minimize button in the upper right corner of the command window. 0.3.1.7 Close Button Close command windows by selecting the Close button at the bottom of the command window or by selecting Close from the control box in the upper left corner of the command window. 0.3.1.8 Calculator Button Ccertain MSL bit-specific registers, such as SubCmnd, have an associated calculator to assist the user in setting the appropriate bits with minimal effort. For the convenience of the user, calculator buttons have also been added to windows containing these registers. Only one calculator instance is available for each register. See MsAssist Calculators for calculator use. In addition, these calculators are accessible through the Ref drop-down menu. 0.4 MsAssist Calculators The MsAssist calculators serve a dual purpose. They provide the bit name and number for each bit in a selected register. They also allow users to calculate a registers value quickly, based on required bit settings. A bit toggling function is used to update the value of the register as each bit is selected. The calculator's display window shows the value of the register, in hex, based on the bits selected. See the References (Ref) Drop-Down Menu section on page 36 for a description of each of the calculators available in MsAssist. As each bit is selected, the calculator's display window changes to reflect the new value. In addition, if a calculator is selected by clicking a windows calculator button, the windows parameter also displays the new value. To copy the value, the user may use either the double-click or drag-and-drop method. Note that only appropriate parameters are enabled to accept values using the drag-and-drop method. To drag the value, double-

click the value, hold the left mouse button down, drag the value to the appropriate parameter box and release the left mouse button. The value displays where it was dropped. Figure 3 - MsAssist Calculator Figure 4 - TagControlReg and PermissionMask Calculators In most cases, every bit may be set or cleared independently of the other bits, with some exceptions. For example, the BaudRateSelection found in the TagControlReg Calc, PermissionMask Calc, and WriteTagRegs UpdateFlag Calc, combines bits 6 and 7. The RCV_PREAMBLE_LEN_SEL_x label displays the value of the BaudRateSelection, depending on the settings of bits 6 and 7 in the TagControlReg Calc. The RCV_PREAMBLE_LEN_SEL_x label in the PermissionMask Calc and WriteTagRegs UpdateFlag Calc displays selected bits. Calculators may be minimized by selecting the Minimize button in the upper right-hand corner of the calculator. Calculator windows may be closed by selecting Close from the control box. 0.5 MsAssist Functionality The MicroStamp Assist1 main window consists of the following:

Title bar Antenna box Retries box Attenuation box Interrogator field RfidErrorNum field Recorder Status field Converter group box

(unlabeled) Line Animation/Status field Menu bar Figure 5 - MsAssist Main Window The following sections describe each menu bar item and each feature (boxes and fields) within the MsAssist main window. 0.5.1 Title Bar The title bar of the MsAssist program displays the software version and the version of the MicroStamp Library (in parentheses). Figure 6 - MsAssist Title Bar 0.5.2 Antenna Box The Antenna box displays up to six transmit and six receive antenna pair combinations and the associated numeric value of that pair. Only valid antenna pair values are displayed for the requested interrogator. The highlighted value identifies the current antenna pair. The GetReplyStats function returns Antenna as one of the reply parameters. In the example graphic to the left, the Antenna value returned is one, which indicates that the current antenna pair is Transmit 1/Receive 1

(T1R1).If a 4000 series interrogator is open, valid antenna values are 1,2,4, and 8, representing T1R1, T1R2, T2R1, and Figure 7 - Antenna Box T2R2. For the 4100 series interrogators, the Antenna box may be used as an antenna pair reference for initializing the AntennaQueue or for the SelectAntenna function. 1. The MicroStamp Assist window is also referred to as the MsAssist window throughout this document. The Antenna box indicates the current antenna pair and the status of a tags reply. If the last tag communication was successful, the green box reflects the antenna pair successfully used. If the attempt resulted in error, the red box represents the last antenna pair tried. 0.5.3 Retries Box Figure 8 - Retries Box After every tag reply is read, the current Retries values appear. The Retries box displays the current command retry count (the number of times the command was re-transmitted (by the MSL) during the last tag-specific command). The displayed Retries value indicates which retry attempt caused the successful reply, or for an unsuccessful retry attempt, the Retries value indicates the maximum Retries value. 0.5.4 Attenuation Box The Attenuation box displays the attenuation settings for the current transmit and receive antenna pair. This value is obtained by sending a GetReplyStats command following a tag-specific command. This feature is valid for 4000 series interrogators and above. Figure 9 - Attenuation Box 0.5.5 Interrogator Field Figure 10 - Interrogator Field The Interrogator field displays the current interrogator selection (See Interrogator Commands

(Interr Cmnds) Drop-Down Menu on page19. for a discussion on how to select an interrogator). If the interrogator fails to open, the Interrogator Setup window will be displayed to indicate the failure. A beep and red text in the Interrogator field will also indicate that a problem exists. 0.5.6 RfidErrorNum Field Figure 11 - RfidErrorNum Field The RfidErrorNum field displays the current RfidErrorNum after each function call to the MSL. It is similar in function to the errno variable used in C programming. The values are defined in rfidhost.h and may be referenced by selecting RfidErrorNum from the Ref drop-down menu. If an open interrogator function call fails, the RfidErrorNum is retrieved to further clarify the type of failure. If an attempt to open an interrogator fails, the RfidErrorNum description is displayed in the Status box (See Line Animation/Status Field on page11.). The RfidErrorNum is also displayed during execution of Dots Animation or Line Animation if bad reads or writes are detected. 0.5.7 Recorder Status Field Figure 12 - Recorder Status Field The Recorder Status field displays the current state of the Macro Play/Record function. The state is dependent on the function button selected. The possible states include Checking, Loading, Loaded, No Load File, Recording, Continuous, Playing, Paused, Play done, and Stopped. 0.5.8 Converter Group Box The Converter group box converts decimal and hexadecimal number systems. For example, the decimal equivalent to a valid hexadecimal number is obtained by entering the hexadecimal number into the Hex field of the converter. The decimal equivalent simultaneously displays in the Dec field of the converter. A decimal value entered in the Dec field causes its equivalent hexadecimal value to display in the Hex field. Figure 13 - Converter Group Box The Converter group box may be toggled from unsigned to signed by selecting the converter option in the Tools drop-down menu or using the hot key <CTRL><C>. The label on the Converter group box indicates the current state of the Converter group box. The Converter option in the Tools drop-down menu indicates the next state. The unsigned Hex range is 0x00000000 to 0xFFFFFFFF and the Dec range is 0 to 4,294,967,295. The signed hexadecimal values are calculated based on the most significant nibble. Hex values 0x00 to 0x7F are positive and 0x80 to 0xFF are negative. The Dec range is

-2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647. Values that are outside of the defined ranges will result in an overflow error. Figure 14 - Tools Drop-Down 0.5.9 Line Animation/Status Field Figure 15 - Line Animation/Status Field The Line Animation/Status field is unlabeled. This field is used during Line Animation and displays various system information. When Line Animation is enabled (through the Tools drop-down menu), the mnemonic representation of each tag-specific command reply displays. When Line Animation is disabled, the Line Animation/Status field is no longer updated. The data in the Line Animation/Status field is cleared when Line Animation is re-enabled. The Line Animation/Status field is also used to display the RfidErrorNum description when the RfidErrorNum is greater than zero following a tag-specific command or when an interrogator fails to open. 0.5.10 Menu Bar The Menu bar provides environment setup, command selections, tools for arranging command windows, function utilities, and references for selected function parameters. Figure 16 - MsAssist Menu Bar The MSL Function Descriptions on page 55 provides an overview for all selectable functions in the Tag Cmnds, Interr Cmnds, and Conven Cmnds drop-down menus. A command is executed by selecting the command window's Send button. Each command window contains the parameters needed to execute the function. The user is responsible for entering valid parameters. 0.5.10.1 File Drop-Down Menu Viewer or Exit can be selected from the File drop-down menu. Figure 17 - File Menu 0.5.10.1.1 Viewer The Viewer window displays small files less than 30K. This is helpful for viewing macro and result files. The Viewer window does not provide file editing features. The title of the Viewer window lists the name and path of the displayed file. Close the Viewer window by selecting Exit from the File drop-down menu. Figure 18 - Viewer 0.5.10.1.2 Exit The Exit option closes the current interrogator (if it is open) and all MsAssist windows. 0.5.10.2 Setup Drop-Down Menu Modifications to the interrogator, interrogator command parameters, system parameters, or the global tag command parameters are made from the Setup drop-

down menu. Figure 19 - Setup Menu 0.5.10.2.1 Interrogator <CTRL><I>

The interrogator parameters are read from the MsAssist.ini file on startup. Supported interrogators include enhanced parallel port (EPP) and serial (RS-

232, RS-422, and RS-485) ports. The EPP is an 8-bit bi-directional digital port

(IEEE-1284). RS-232 uses the standard PC serial port. RS-422 and RS-485 require special communication cards to be installed in the PC. If MsAssist is executed without the MsAssist.ini file, the Interrogator Setup window appears, and the Interrogator field (See Interrogator Field on page10.) will indicate (in blue) "No Interrogator. "

Figure 20 - Select Interrogator Select a valid interrogator from the InterrType list box. The Open_MCC_interr function is used to connect to a selected interrogator

(InterrType). For the users convenience, MsAssist enables and disables parameters in the Interrogator Setup window, depending on the selected interrogator type. Open Interrogator Button The Interrogator Setup window provides a list of parameters available from the OPEN_MCC_INTERR_IO structure.1 Refer to the OpenMccInterr function 1. Not all parameters are required for all interrogator types. section on page 84 for valid parameter values. The InterrMode parameter has an associated calculator (See MsAssist Calculators on page7.) with which the user can calculate a valid InterrMode. When the Open Interrogator button is selected, any previously opened interrogator will be closed before an attempt is made to open the interrogator defined in the InterrType field. After a successful open, MsAssist displays (in black) the selected interrogator name in the Interrogator field on the main window. Figure 21 - Interrogator Setup If the interrogator fails to open, the selected interrogator shown in the Interrogator field will change to red. If an error occurs, the error message associated with the RfidErrorNum is displayed (in red) in the Line Animation/

Status field, and the RfidErrorNum field will display the numeric value. Close Interrogator Button The Close Interrogator button closes an open interrogator. To open another interrogator select the Open Interrogator button. Save Button Select the Save button to close the Interrogator Setup window and save valid interrogator information to the MsAssist.ini file. Interrogator information is considered valid only if the interrogator opens successfully. For modems, new telephone number entries are added to the telephone number list in the MsAssist.ini file. If Save is selected and the interrogator fails to open, the MsAssist.ini file is not modified. 0.5.10.2.2 Interr Cmnd Parameters <CTRL><N>

The Interr Cmnd Parameters option is available for the 4100 series interrogators only. The AntennaQueue and XmitRcvAtten initialization parameters are saved in the Interr Defaults section of the INI file when OK is selected. This window is modal and must be closed to access other windows in MsAssist. If the MsAssist INI file button is selected, an attempt to initialize the local Figure 22 - Interr-Specific Parameters AntennaQueue, XmitAtten, and RcvAtten arrays from the MsAssist.ini file is made. If the Default Interrogator Values button is selected, the local arrays will be initialized with the interrogators default AntennaQueue, XmitAtten, and RcvAtten values. These local arrays are used with the SetInterrRegs, SetPowerAttenDac, and Interrogator/Antenna Test windows. 0.5.10.2.3 System Parameters <CTRL><S>

Some system parameters are saved in the MsAssist.ini file by selecting the OK button.The System Parameters window is modal and must be closed to access other windows in MsAssist. Figure 23 - System Parameters Delay Box Delay is used during Play or Continuous mode by the Macro Play/Record option. After each command executes, a delay occurs based on this parameter. A 0 value causes no additional delays to occur between commands. Delay ranges from 0 to 20 and represent multiples of 55 milliseconds (e.g. a Delay of 2 equals approximately 110 milliseconds). Selecting the OK button saves this value to the MsAssist.ini file. ProcessStatusEachCmnd Button When ProcessStatusEachCmnd option is selected, the Line Animation/

Status field, Antenna box, Retries box, Attenuation box, and RfidErrorNum field are updated after processing the status of tag-specific commands. Selecting ProcessStatusEachCmnd causes the MsAssist window to remain the top-most window on the screen. When ProcessStatusEachCmnd is not selected, these windows are updated after the last command in the command list executes. See the Command List section on page 4 for a description of the command list. This value is not stored in the MsAssist.ini file. BreakOnERROR Button BreakOnERROR is used during play or continuous mode (selectable using the Macro Play/Record function) to halt a command if an error occurs. See the Command List section on page4, for a description of the commands in the command list. If BreakOnERROR has been selected, and an uncorrectable reply error occurs, the executed command list macro terminates following the function returning the error. Do not enable this parameter while recording macros: an error causes the recording session to terminate before completion. This value is not stored in the MsAssist.ini file. BeepOnGoodDotsReply When BeepOnGoodDotsReply is selected, and the Dots Animation function is running, a good response will be punctuated by a beep from the computer. OK Button Selecting the OK button updates the value of Delay in the MsAssist.ini file. Close Button Selecting the Close button closes the System Parameters window without modifying the MsAssist.ini file. 0.5.10.2.4 Tag Cmnd Parameters <CTRL><T>

The Tag Cmnd Parameters window is modal and must be closed to access other windows in MsAssist. Changes made to these parameters are saved in the MsAssist.ini file after selecting OK. Options from the Tag Cmnds drop-down menu opened after this window is closed will reflect the new parameter values. Figure 24 - Tag Cmnd Parameters Command Parameters Group Box The Command Parameters group box contains the global command parameters used by multiple tag-specific functions. These values are default settings and may be changed. Each field is automatically formatted according to its type. For example, if "20" is entered in the SubCmnd field, the field is formatted to "00000020" after selecting OK. To use the new parameters, these values must be changed before any of the options from the Tag Cmnds drop-

down menu are selected. All of the parameters are updated in the MsAssist.ini file after selecting OK. OK Button Selecting the OK button updates any changes to the command parameters in the MsAssist.ini file and closes the Tag Cmnd Parameters window. Cancel Button Selecting the Cancel button closes this window without updating the MsAssist.ini file. 0.5.10.3 Tag Commands (Tag Cmnds) Drop-Down Menu The Tag Cmnds drop-down menu provides a list of the tag-specific MSL functions available in MsAssist. For each function selected, a unique command window displays the applicable command parameters, interrogator reply header, and reply parameters. Some commands are interrogator-specific and may not be available. Command Window Layout on page4 address the command windows in general. The following is a list of the current tag-specific functions supported by the MSL. Detailed information about each function is covered in the MSL Function Descriptions on page 55. Figure 25 - Tag Commands Menu 0.5.10.3.1 Identify The Identify function is used when attempting to determine an unknown TagId. 0.5.10.3.2 ReadDigitalPort The ReadDigitalPort function returns data read from a tags data port. 0.5.10.3.3 ReadTagMemory The ReadTagMemory function returns data from a tag's user memory. 0.5.10.3.4 ReadTagStatus The ReadTagStatus function returns system information about a tag. 0.5.10.3.5 SetMemoryPartition The SetMemoryPartition function initializes the parameters of a memory partition. 0.5.10.3.6 WriteAccessId The WriteAccessId function is used to update an AccessId for one of the memory partitions. 0.5.10.3.7 WriteDigitalPort The WriteDigitalPort function writes data to a tag's data port. 0.5.10.3.8 WriteTagId The WriteTagId function is used to update a tag's TagId. 0.5.10.3.9 WriteTagMemory The WriteTagMemory function is used to write to a tag's user memory. 0.5.10.3.10 WriteTagRegs The WriteTagRegs function modifies only those bits and registers indicated in the UpdateFlag. Tag registers include the LswTagId, TagStoredInterrId, TimedLockoutCounter, DormantCounter, and TagControlReg (each bit in the TagControlReg may be individually modified). 0.5.10.3.11 WriteTagRegsRandIdRange The WriteTagRegsRandIdRange function modifies only those bits and registers indicated in the UpdateFlag. Tag registers include the LswTagId, TagStoredInterrId, TimedLockoutCounter, DormantCounter, and TagControlReg (each bit in the TagControlReg may be individually modified) for a range of RandomValueIds. 0.5.10.3.12 WriteTagRegsTagIdRange The WriteTagRegsTagIdRange function modifies only those bits and registers indicated in the UpdateFlag. Tag registers include the LswTagId, TagStoredInterrId, TimedLockoutCounter, DormantCounter, and TagControlReg (each bit in the TagControlReg may be individually modified) for a range of TagIds. 0.5.10.4 Interrogator Commands (Interr Cmnds) Drop-Down Menu The Interr Cmnds drop-down menu lists each of the MSL interrogator-specific functions available in MsAssist. Each function displays the applicable command parameters, interrogator reply header, and reply parameters or a subset of these parameters. Some commands are interrogator-specific and may not be available. Command Window Layout on page4 address the command windows in general. The following is a list of interrogator-specific functions available in MsAssist. Detailed information about each of these functions is located in the MSL Function Descriptions on page 55. Figure 26 - Interrogator 0.5.10.4.1 GetCrntAntenna The GetCrntAntenna function returns the current antenna set used to communicate with a tag. 0.5.10.4.2 GetCrntRetries The GetCrntRetries function returns the number of times a command was re-

transmitted during the last tag-specific command. 0.5.10.4.3 GetXilinxVersion The GetXilinxVersion function returns information about the permanent and updateable embedded firmware. 0.5.10.4.4 GetInterrStats The GetInterrStats function returns record-keeping parameters (as long as the interrogator is programmed to perform this function). 0.5.10.4.5 GetReplyStats The GetReplyStats function returns values that are specific to the last tag-

specific reply (as long as the interrogator is programmed to perform this function). 0.5.10.4.6 SelectAntenna The SelectAntenna function is used to select a specific antenna pair. Diversity should be disabled to ensure the selected antenna pair is used. This function is available on 4100 series interrogators only. 0.5.10.4.7 SetAuxControlBits The SetAuxControlBits function allows users to regulate general purpose control lines to other devices, such as external multiplexors with different antenna pairs. 0.5.10.4.8 SetInterrIoControl The SetInterrIoControl function is not implemented at this time. 0.5.10.4.9 SetInterrRegs The SetInterrRegs function is used to set various communication parameters on an interrogator. Not all of the parameters are used on all interrogators. 0.5.10.4.10 SetPowerAttenDac The SetPowerAttenDac function is used to set the power of the forward and return links for each antenna pair. 0.5.10.4.11 SetTimeouts The SetTimeouts function is used to set the system watchdog timers. 0.5.10.4.12 WriteCallSign The WriteCallSign function is used to return the interrogators CallSign. A call sign is required for all interrogators operating in Japan. 0.5.10.5 Convenience Commands (Conven Cmnds) Drop-Down Menu Figure 27 - Convenience Command Menu The Conven Cmnds drop-down menu lists MSL convenience functions available in MsAssist in addition to MsAssist-specific convenience functions. The Conven Cmnds are designed to decrease the workload of application programmers by providing functions, with possible combinations of tag-specific and interrogator-

specific commands, to allow simplified access to commonly performed tasks. For each selected convenience function, a unique command window displays applicable parameters available for that function. Command Window Layout on page4 address the command windows in general. The following is a list of the convenience functions available in MsAssist. Detailed information about each MSL function is located in the MSL Function Descriptions on page 55. 0.5.10.5.1 IdentifyAll The IdentifyAll function should only be used with an analog interrogator. This function returns the number of tags found within the system's communication range. The IdentifyAll reply parameters include the TagId and RandomValueId for each tag identified. 0.5.10.5.2 TimeDelay The TimeDelay function provides a delay for a specified time in milliseconds. This function may be used between tag commands to allow the specified amount of time to pass before the next function executes. This function differs from the Delay function found in the System Parameters window (See System Parameters <ctrl><s> on page15.). The TimeDelay function is a Convenience Command, specific to MsAssist, and is not found in the MSL. This function is similar to other commands and only executes when selected. The Delay function, if selected, forces the PC to delay for the requested time period, following each command. 0.5.10.6 Tools Drop-Down Menu The Tools drop-down menu provides window manipulation utilities and other useful utilities. The first four tool selections (Cmnds tools) may be used to manipulate the command list windows. \Dots Animation and Interrogator/Antenna Test incorporate a combination of functions from the MSL to perform specific tasks. The macro tools provide functionality to save and restore frequently used MSL command sequences and the converter may be toggled to display signed or unsigned values. Figure 28 - Tools Menu 0.5.10.6.1 Cascade All Cmnds <SHIFT><F5>

Cascade All Cmnds may be selected to rearrange all command windows in the command list, including any iconized command windows. See the Command List section on page 4 for a description of the command list. When the Cascade All Cmnds function is selected, the cursor changes to a crosshair. Place the cursor where the command windows are to be positioned, and click the left mouse button. All command windows, including any iconized command windows, are cascaded starting at the cursor position. Any iconized window is restored to normal size before being repositioned. 0.5.10.6.2 Cascade Cmnds <SHIFT><F6>

Cascade Cmnds may be selected to rearrange all non-iconized command windows in the command list. The Cascade Cmnds function operates the same as the Cascade All Cmnds, but only repositions command windows which are not iconized. See the Command List section on page 4 for a description of the command list. 0.5.10.6.3 Iconize Cmnds <SHIFT><F7>

Iconize Cmnds may be selected to iconize all command windows in the command list. See the Command List section on page 4 for a description of the command list. 0.5.10.6.4 Reposition Cmnds <SHIFT><F8>

The Reposition Cmnds window allows users to reorder the commands in the command list. The Reposition Cmnds window does not display if fewer than two commands are in the command list. A command can be positioned first, last, or after a specific command. See the Command List section on page 4 for a description of the command list. To reposition a command window, enter the command's number (found in the command's title) into the Command # box and select the new position. To initiate the reordering, press the Reposition button. Figure 29 - Reposition Cmnds Reposition Button The Reposition button initiates the reordering of the command list. Close Button The Close button closes the Reposition Cmnds window. The window may also be closed by selecting Close <ALT><F4> from the control box in the upper left corner of the Reposition Cmnds window. 0.5.10.6.5 Dots Animation The Dots Animation option sends commands continuously to a tag and displays the command status in a mnemonic format. The tag-specific function parameters SubCmnd, InterrId, Security, and AccessId (found in Setup, under Tag Cmnd Parameters), are used as the function parameters. When the Start button is selected, an Identify command, with the CLR_IDENTIFY_LOCKOUT bit set in the SubCmnd, is continuously sent until only one tag within range of the interrogator responds. The tag's TagId is then displayed next to the TagId label. If a tag does not respond, an 'N' is displayed in the Reply Mnemonics window each time an Identify command is sent. This occurs until a response is received or execution is stopped. After the TagId is obtained, ReadTagMemory or WriteTagMemory commands are sent to the tag, and the mnemonic representation of each reply status is displayed in the Reply Mnemonics window.1 The Packets group box displays a running count and percent packet error. 1. The Mnemonics Definitions button at the lower right corner of the Dots Animation window may be selected to view the currently defined mnemonics. The ReadTagMemory or WriteTagMemory command is continuously sent until the execution is stopped by selecting the Stop button. The Start button label changes to Stop when Start is selected and changes to Start when Stop is selected. Figure 30 - Dots Animation Window ReadTagMemory Button When the ReadTagMemory button is selected, ReadTagMemory commands are sent to a tag. The reply window title displays "Read Reply Mnemonics."

ByteCnt bytes of data from Partition's Offset are read from the tags memory. WriteTagMemory Button When the WriteTagMemory button is selected, WriteTagMemory commands are sent to a tag. The reply window title displays "Write Reply Mnemonics."

The tags memory from Partition's Offset is overwritten with ByteCnt bytes of 0xA5 data. TagId Field The TagId may be entered manually or left empty. If the TagId field is empty, selecting the Start button will cause continuous Identify commands to be sent until an interrogator receives a good reply. While waiting for a good response,

"Searching..." is displayed in the TagId field. After receiving a good Identify reply, the TagId is displayed. Selecting the Reset button while Dots Animation is executing, causes Identify commands to be sent continuously until a tag responds. If the TagId field is not empty, selecting the Start button causes continuous read or write commands to be sent to a tag whose TagId is displayed. Mnemonic Definitions Button This button is located in the lower right corner of the Dots Animation window. When pressed, the Mnemonic Definitions window displays a list of characters and the associated reply status that the character represents. After each reply status is received, its associated mnemonic character displays in the Reply Mnemonics window. Figure 31 - Mnemonic Definitions Packets Group Box The Packets group box displays a Total Count of ReadTagMemory or WriteTagMemory commands sent. It also displays the number of good (Good Count) and bad (Bad Count) responses and the Percent Error. Good command responses include '.', 'c', '-' and 'v'. Refer to the Mnemonics Definitions window for the definition of these mnemonics. Delay Box The Delay box indicates the time delay between commands. The + and -

buttons increment or decrement the delay in multiples of 55 milliseconds. Delay can be modified without halting execution. ByteCnt Box The ByteCnt box displays the amount of memory the command reads or writes. The + and - buttons increment or decrement the ByteCnt through a pre-

defined set. The set is 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 127-129, 255-257, 512, and 1024. The ByteCnt may also be entered manually. The ByteCnt is read before each command is sent. Partition Info Group Box The Partition and Offset fields are used to determine the location within the UserMemory that the command reads or writes. These values are in decimal format and unlike the Delay and ByteCnt fields, are only read when Start is selected. Note that a ReadTagStatus command will return partition information that may be useful. Start Button The Start button, when selected, begins the process of acquiring a tag's TagId and if successful, continuously send ReadTagMemory or WriteTagMemory commands to a tag. The button label will toggle between Start and Stop. When Stop is selected, command execution halts. Reset Button When the Reset button is selected, the data in the Packets group box is reset to zeros, the TagId field is cleared, and the Reply Mnemonics window is cleared. If Dots Animation is running when the Reset button is selected, an Identify command sequence will be sent (until a valid tag response is received) before continuing with the ReadTagMemory or WriteTagMemory command. Close Button Pressing the Close button closes the Dots Animation window. This window may also be closed by selecting Close from the control box in the upper left corner of the Dots Animation window. Dots Animation must be stopped

(Stop) before closing the window. 0.5.10.6.6 (Start / Stop) Line Animation <CTRL><A>

Selecting Start Line Animation from the Tools drop-down menu enables the Status box (See the Line Animation/Status Field section on page 11), which displays the mnemonic representation of a command's status. When the Tools drop-down menu is selected again, Stop Line Animation can be selected to disable line animation. While animation is enabled, every reply from a tag command is evaluated and displayed in mnemonic format in the Status box. 0.5.10.6.7 Macro Play/Record The Macro Play/Record function saves command sequences that users can later load and replay. The Macro Play/Record option operates similarly to a tape player by replaying an existing command list or loading a previously saved command sequence Figure 32 - Macro Play/Record

(macro). See the Command List section on page 4 for a description of the command list. Macro Play/Record can be selected from the Tools drop-down menu. The buttons are enabled or disabled depending on the current state of the play status. The Recorder Status field always displays the current state of the player (See Recorder Status Field on page11.). Load Button The Load button allows users to load previously saved macro files. Macro files usually have an extension of .MAI, but may be named anything, as long as the title follows proper MS-DOS file naming conventions. The Recorder Status field indicates "Checking" until the requested file is located. A signature stamp in the macro file is used for file verification and the command list description at the end of the file is used to rebuild the command list windows. Macro files are text files, and an example file is included on the installation disks. While the file is being processed, "Loading" appears in the Recorder Status field. If the file loads without error, the Recorder Status field displays

"Loaded."

Pause Button The Pause button changes the Recorder Status to "Pause." This state will remain in effect until a different selection is made. Record Button If the command list is not empty, the user is prompted to enter a filename before saving the macro. A dialog box for the file description displays automatically. This allows uses to enter a description of the file. Select the Save button to save the comments to the macro file or Cancel to close the dialog box without saving the description. The command list is executed Figure 33 - Notes for File Description from the first command to the last. For each command that is sent, the command parameters and reply parameters are saved. When the last command executes, a copy of the command list is stored to the macro file. This list is used to define the command list when users load a macro file. When the process completes, the macro file closes. The signature stamp, the name of the file, and a timestamp is recorded at the beginning of the macro file. The description block is stored next, followed by command data, and finally the command list description. The Recorder Status field indicates "Recording" while the command list processes, and it indicates

"Stopped" when the process stops. Notes Button The Notes button allows comments to be saved for each command in the command list. When the Notes button is selected, a note is attached to the last command window to have the focus prior to selecting Notes. The Notes window title includes the caption from the associated command window. Figure 34 - Notes Window To include notes in the macro file, they must be saved before selecting the Record button. When the macro is loaded again, the notes are read from the macro file. This makes it possible to load a macro file, make changes, and record it again. The Recorder Status field does not change. Play Button The Play button executes each command in the command list, beginning with the first command. The Recorder Status field indicates "Play" while the command list plays and "Play done" when the process completes. Continuous Button The Continuous button executes each command in the command list beginning with the first command. This process repeats until the Stop button is selected, or the <ESC>, <RTN>, or <SPACE> key is pressed.1 The Recorder Status field is set to "Continuous" while the command list is playing and "Play done" when execution stops. Stop Button The Stop button halts the current process and set the Recorder Status field to

"Stopped."

Exit Button The Exit button resets the Recorder Status field to "Stopped" and closes the Macro Play/Record window. This window may also be closed by selecting Close from the control box in the upper left corner of the Macro Play/Record window. 0.5.10.6.8 Replay Macros The Replay Macros option executes macro file(s) without generating a command list (See Command List on page4. for a description of the command list). The Replay Macros option differs from the Macro Play/

Record function in that a macro file is executed sequentially, while ignoring 1. In order to use the mouse to stop a command execution, the "Snap To" function in the mouse manager

(in Control Panels) must be deselected. the command list information. Each command's reply is compared to the corresponding reply in the macro file. If they do not match, a results file is created. The results file contains each command read from the macro file, the results of the command from the macro file, and the reply received from executing the command. The results file is saved using the prefix name from the macro file and the extension .RES. Figure 35 - Macro Selection Because multiple file selection is available, a series of macro files may be replayed without user interaction. If errors are encountered in the macro file being executed, a results file is generated and saved before the next macro file executes. If the macro file executes without error, a results file will not be generated for that file. The execution of the macro files may be halted at any time by selecting the Stop button. The macro replay stops after the completing the currently executing macro file. The Macro Status window displays the results of the last executed macro file. As each macro file is executed, the results appear in this window. The purpose of the Macro Status window is only to provide visual feedback on the status of each macro file. The BreakOnERROR check box from the Setup System Parameters window may be selected to stop the execution of a macro if an error occurs. File Name Box The File Name box lists all files located in the current directory that match the pattern displayed in the List Files of Type field. List Files of Type Box The List Files of Type box allows only selected files to be displayed in the File Name box. The default type is *.MAI which is the default extension for macro files. Directories Box The Directories box allows users to select which directory to search. The currently selected directory name is displayed under the Directories caption. Drives Field The Drives field allows users to select which drive to search. The currently selected drive name is displayed under the Directories caption. Play Button The Play button executes selected macro files. If an invalid macro file is selected, a message window appears, indicating that an invalid file has been selected. After the message window's OK button is selected, the next macro file begins to execute. Stop Button At any time during the execution of the selected macro files, the Stop button may be selected to abort the sequence. Close Button The Close button will unload the Replay Macro window. The Macro Status window remains open until the user closes it. This window may also be closed by selecting Close from the control box in the upper left corner of the Replay Macro window. Files Processed Field The Files Processed field displays the number of files that have been processed and the number of files selected. As each macro file is executed, the number of files processed increments by one, and the name of the processed file is de-highlighted in the File Name box. 0.5.10.6.9 Signed / Unsigned Converter Group Box <CTRL><C>

For a general description of the converter tool, See Converter Group Box on page11.. The MsAssist Converter group box default is unsigned. Signed Converter (displayed in the Tools drop-down menu) indicates the next state of the converter. When selected, the state of the converter changes to signed, and the title of the Converter group box changes to Signed Converter. Selecting the Tools menu again will show the next state of the converter, which is Unsigned Converter. This value is not saved in the MsAssist.ini file. 0.5.10.6.10 Interrogator/Antenna Test The Interrogator/Antenna Test utility is accessible from the Tools drop-

down menu. This utility provides a means for certified RF technicians or engineers to test the forward and return links on an interrogator. A valid password is required for accessing the Interrogator/Antenna Test utility to prevent access by unqualified personnel. Accessing The Interrogator/Antenna Test Window Figure 36 - Interrogator/Antenna Test Selection The Interrogator/Antenna Test window is accessible from the Tools drop-

down menu in MsAssist. To prevent access from unqualified personnel, the Interrogator/Antenna Test window is password protected. This protection may prevent the equipment from accidentally being operated in a mode which violates FCC and other International Agency Regulations. Figure 37 - Password Check Window Authorized personnel should enter a valid password then select OK to access the test utility. Only valid passwords allow access to this test window. Interrogator/Antenna Test Window Figure 38 - Interrogator/Antenna Test Window An open interrogator is closed prior to initializing the Interrogator/Antenna Test window. During initialization of the window, the current MsAssist startup parameters are used to determine which interrogator to open. Following a successful open of an interrogator, a SetInterrRegs command executes to retrieve the default antenna pair selection and power attenuator DAC table settings. The following sections define the various areas of the Interrogator/Antenna Test window Test Window Selection of either the FWD PA or RTN PA changes the state of the power amp. The interrogators power amp is turned on or off depending on the current state of the power amp and the button selected by the user. If the user attempts to exit the Interrogator/Antenna Test window while the power amp is on, a command is automatically sent to the interrogator to turn off the power amp prior to closing the test window. Selecting the FWD PA button disables the RTN PA button, turns the power amp on, and changes the red light adjacent to the FWD PA button to green. Selecting the FWD PA button again turns the power amp off, enables the RTN PA button, and changes the green light back to red. Similar events will occur if the RTN Figure 39 - Test Menu PA button is selected. FWD PA - Cycles the power amp on and off. If the power amp is on, the forward signal is continuously transmitted. RTN PA - Cycles the power amp on and off. If the power amp is on, the return CW is continuously transmitted. Update Figure 40 - Update1 Menu A subset of the MSL interrogator-specific commands may be executed by selection the appropriate button in this group. Each button's label identifies which interrogator-specific function is executed as well as the group of parameters used during execution of the function. OpenMccInterr - Uses the parameters from the OpenMccInterr group box to open an interrogator. (Refer to the OpenMccInterr group description later in this document). Default parameters from the MsAssist initialization file are used in place of parameters unavailable in this window. SetInterrRegs - Uses the transmit/receive antenna pairs from the SetInterrRegs group box to initialize the antenna pair selection. (Refer to the SetInterrRegs group description later in this document). If the OpenMccInterr button is selected, the SetInterrRegs group box is updated with the default antenna pair selection. SetPowerAttenDac - Uses the SetPowerAttenDac group box parameters to update interrogator's power attenuator DAC table. (Refer to the SetPowerAttenDac group description later in this document). If the OpenMccInterr button is selected, the SetPowerAttenDac group box is updated with the default DAC table values. UpdateAll - This button uses the parameters in the OpenMccInterr group box to send an OpenMccInterr command. In this case the antenna pair and the DAC table defaults are not displayed because the default settings will not be used. The parameters from the SetInterrRegs group box are used to select the antenna pair(s). Finally, the parameters from the SetPowerAttenDac group box are used to initialize the DAC table. OpenMccInterr Group Figure 41 - OpenMccInterr Group MsAssist default parameters, such as Baudrate and Dev, are used in place of parameters unavailable through the Interrogator/Antenna Test window. InterrType and InterrMode are the only parameters modifiable for the OpenMccInterr() function. InterrType - A drop-down list of available interrogators is displayed InterrMode - Listed in parenthesis is the hexadecimal value of the InterrMode parameter being used in the OpenMccInterr() function call. The available VCO options are grouped separately from the other InterrMode bits because only one VCO bit should be selected. Status Figure 42 - Status Window The Status window provides feedback to the user, such as the commands being sent, return status from the commands, and any errors, notes, or warnings that may provide additional information to the user. SetInterrRegs Figure 43 - SetInterrRegs Command The SetInterrRegs command is used for selecting antenna pairs. The interrogator displayed in the InterrType edit box determines which parameters are enabled for user modification. The parameters are updated for the current interrogator when the user selects either the SetInterrRegs or the Update All button located in the Update group. For the 4000 series interrogator, the selected Antenna Pairs (all antenna pairs checked) are used to determine the value of the DiversityControl. Selection of any combination of antenna pairs is made by checking the appropriate boxes. The 4100 series interrogator uses the AntennaQueue table to determine the order in which the antenna pairs are selected. The AntennaQueue Table button displays the table used for updating the interrogator's AntennaQueue. SetPowerAttenDac Command Figure 44 - SetPowerAttneDac Command When the user selects the SetPowerAttenDac button in the Update group, the interrogator's DAC table is updated with the FWD Link and RTN Link parameters in the SetPowerAttenDac group. The SetPowerAttenDac command is used for selecting the forward and return link power output for each antenna pair. The interrogator displayed in the InterrType edit box determines which parameters are enabled for user modification. The parameters are updated for the current interrogator when the user selects either the SetPowerAttenDac or the Update All button located in the Update group. For the 4000 series interrogator, each of the FWD Link and RTN Link parameters are used to update the associated values for the interrogator. Each antenna pair should have an appropriate value displayed before executing the command. The 4100 series interrogator uses the XmitAtten and RcvAtten tables to update the associated values for the interrogator. The XmitAtten/RcvAtten Table button displays a table used for updating the interrogator's XmitAtten and RcvAtten tables. 0.5.10.7 References (Ref) Drop-Down Menu The Ref drop-down menu contains bit definitions and calculators for selected MSL parameters. Some references are interrogator-specific and may not be available. The upper half of the drop-down menu provides on-line bit descriptions for various MSL parameters. Detailed descriptions of these register parameters are located in the Bit Definitions and Assignments on page 189. The lower portion of the menu contains bit calculators for frequently used MSL parameters. See the MsAssist Calculators on page7 for a general description of the Figure 45 - References calculators. Each calculator displays the bit name, two buttons that select or de-

select the bit, and the associated bit number. 0.5.10.7.1 InterrStatusReg The InterrStatusReg function returns the interrogator status resulting from a tag or interrogator command. For each bit in the InterrStatusReg, the InterrStatusReg window lists the bit number, its hexadecimal representation within the InterrStatusReg, and a brief description. Detailed information about the InterrStatusReg is located in the InterrStatusReg Bit Assignments on page 199. 0.5.10.7.2 RfidErrorNum The RfidErrorNum is set after each function call in the MSL. It is similar in function to the errno variable used in C programming. The RfidErrorNum window lists the possible values of RfidErrorNum and a brief description of the error. More RfidErrorNum information is located in the RfidErrorNum Definitions on page 189. 0.5.10.7.3 TagControlReg The TagControlReg is used for tag configuration purposes. For each bit in the TagControlReg, the TagControlReg window lists the bit number, its hexadecimal representation within the TagControlReg, and a brief description. More information about the TagControlReg is located in the TagControlReg Bit Assignments on page 208. 0.5.10.7.4 TagStatusReg The TagStatusReg returns a tags status. For each bit in the TagStatusReg, the TagStatusReg window lists the bit number, its hexadecimal representation within the TagStatusReg, and a brief description. More information about the TagStatusReg is located in the TagStatusReg Bit Assignments on page 203. 0.5.10.7.5 IdentifyAll IoControl Calc The IdentifyAll IoControl parameter is used to select and configure system options during an execution of the IdentifyAll function. The calculated value of the IoControl is displayed in the IoControl window. Figure 46 - IdentifyAll IoControl Calculator 0.5.10.7.6 InterrMode Calc The InterrMode is a parameter used to configure certain interrogators during an open interrogator command. Refer to the specific OpenXXX interrogator-

specific function, for detailed information. 0.5.10.7.7 PermissionMask Calc The PermissionMask parameter is found in the tag-

specific functions ReadTagStatus, SetMemoryPartition, and WriteTagRegs. Detailed information about the PermissionMask is located in the Tag PermissionMask Bit Assignments on page 215. Figure 47 - PermissionMask Calculator The KILL_TAG_x, RCV_PREAMBLE_LEN_SEL_x, and BAUD_RATE_SELECTOR_x bits require multiple bits to define the range of valid values. The KILL_TAG_x label will change to reflect the KillTag bits selected. If both KillTag bits are selected, the KILL_TAG_x label will display KILL_TAG_x=11. The RCV_PREAMBLE_LEN_SEL_x label changes to reflect the selected RFDetInterval bits. If both RFDetInterval bits are selected, the RCV_PREAMBLE_LEN_SELx label will display RCV_PREAMBLE_LEN_SELx=11 (MicroStamp products only). The BAUD_RATE_SELECTOR_x label will change to reflect which BaudRateSelector bits are selected. If none of the BaudRateSelector bits are selected (default value), the BAUD_RATE_SELECTOR_x label will display BAUD_RATE_SELECTOR_x=000 (Ambit products only). 0.5.10.7.8 ReadDigitalPort IoControl Calc The ReadDigitalPort IoControl parameter is used for Ambit products only to select and configure the digital port. The calculated value of the IoControl is displayed in the IoControl window. The Baudrate label displays the Baudrate value based on bits 16-18. Only one digital port may be selected at a time. Ambit products have two RS-232 external port. Figure 48 - ReadDigitalPort IoControl Calculator 0.5.10.7.9 SubCmnd Calc The SubCmnd parameter is found in all of the tag-specific commands. More information about the SubCmnd is located in the Tag SubCmnd Bit Assignments on page 193. 0.5.10.7.10 TagControlReg Calc The TagControlReg is found in the tag-

specific functions Identify, ReadTagStatus, WriteTagRegs, WriteTagRegsRandIdRange, and WriteTagRegsTagIdRange. More information on the TagControlReg is located in the TagControlReg Bit Assignments on page 208. Figure 49 - TagControlReg Calculator The KILL_TAG_x, RCV_PREAMBLE_LEN_SEL_x, and BAUD_RATE_SELECTOR_x bits require multiple bits to define the range of valid values. The KILL_TAG_x label will change to reflect which KillTag bits are selected. If both KillTag bits are selected, the KILL_TAG_x label will display KILL_TAG_x=11. The RCV_PREAMBLE_LEN_SEL_x label changes to reflect the selected RFDetInterval bits and is specific to MicroStamp tags only. If both RFDetInterval bits are selected, the RCV_PREAMBLE_LEN_SEL_x label displays RCV_PREAMBLE_LEN_SEL_x=256 (MicroStamp products only). The BaudRateSelector in the TagControlReg calculator allows only one selection at a time and is specific to Ambit tags only. The BAUD_RATE_SELECTOR_x label changes to reflect the selected BaudRateSelector bits. If none of the BaudRateSelector bits are selected

(default value), the BAUD_RATE_SELECTOR_x label will display BAUD_RATE_SELECTOR_x=1200 (Ambit products only). The following table defines BaudRateSelector. DESCRIPTION Baudrate = 1200 Baudrate = 2400 Baudrate = 4800 Baudrate = 9600 Baudrate = 19.2K 18 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 17 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 16 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Undefined Undefined Undefined Table 24 - BaudRateSelector Bit Description 0.5.10.7.11 WriteDigitalPort IoControl Calc The WriteDigitalPort IoControl parameter is used for Ambit products only to select and configure the digital port. The Baudrate label displays the Baudrate value based on the selected bits. Only one digital port may be selected at a time. Ambit products have two RS-232 external ports, and MicroStamp products have one synchronous port. Figure 50 - WriteDigitalPort IoControl Calculator 0.5.10.7.12 Write TagRegs UpdateFlag Calc The WriteTagRegs UpdateFlag parameter is used in the tag-specific commands WriteTagRegs, WriteTagRegsRandIdRange, and WriteTagRegsTagIdRange. Detailed information about the WriteTagRegs UpdateFlag is located in the WriteTagRegs on page 176. The KILL_TAG_x, RCV_PREAMBLE_LEN_SEL_x, and BAUD_RATE_SELECTOR_x bits require multiple bits to define the range of valid values. The KILL_TAG_x label changes to reflect the selected KillTag bits. If both KillTag bits are selected, the KILL_TAG_x label displays KILL_TAG_x=11. The RCV_PREAMBLE_LEN_SEL_x label changes to reflect the selected RFDetInterval bits and is specific to MicroStamp tags only. If both RFDetInterval bits are selected, the RCV_PREAMBLE_LEN_SEL_x label displays RCV_PREAMBLE_LEN_SEL_x=11 (MicroStamp products only). The BAUD_RATE_SELECTOR_x label changes to reflect the selected BaudRateSelector bits and is specific to Ambit tags only. If none of the BaudRateSelector bits are selected (default value), the BAUD_RATE_SELECTOR_x label displays BAUD_RATE_SELECTOR_x=000 (Ambit products only). 0.5.10.8 Help Drop-Down Menu The Help drop-down menu provides information about MsAssist. 0.6 MsAssist.ini The MicroStamp Assist program, MsAssist.exe, creates an initialization file

(MsAssist.ini), which is stored in the Windows directory. Information such as interrogator parameters and system parameters are saved in the initialization file. If MsAssist cannot locate the MsAssist.ini file, the application creates one. The MsAssist.ini file is used to initialize certain global parameters when MsAssist is executed. The [Interrogator] section identifies the last interrogator (InterrType) successfully opened and saved by MsAssist. All parameters in the Interrogator window may be saved to the MsAssist.ini after successfully opening an interrogator, if the Save button is selected. The following section is a sample taken from the INI file after interrogator parameters have been saved.

[Interrogator]

Type=INTERR_MS_4100_RS232

[InterrogatorParam]

UnitNumber=0 InternetAddress=

Baudrate=38400 IoBase=378 UnitNum=0 InterrMode=00004C2A DevName=COM1 StopBits=2 Parity=NO_PARITY UseRts=0 CountryCode=CC_USA

[PhoneNumber AddItem]

Count= 0 The [CommandDefaults] section stores parameters from the Setup Tag Cmnd Parameters window. Selecting the OK button stores these parameters to the INI file.

[CommandDefaults]

Security=00000000 TagId=FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF InterrId=0C0D0E0F AccessId=00000000 TagControlReg=00000000 PermissionMask=00000000 SubCmnd=00E00000 The XmitAtten/RcvAtten Command Parameters window may be accessed through the SetInterrRegs, SetPowerAttenDac, and Interrogator/Antenna Test windows. Values may be read or saved to the MsAssist.ini file by selecting the Read from INI file or Save to INI file buttons. In addition, on start up of MsAssist, if the MsAssist INI file radio button is selected in the Setup - Interr Cmnd Parameter - Interr-Specific Parameters window, the attenuation values initialize MsAssists attenuation tables from the MsAssist.ini file. A SetInterrRegs or SetPowerAttenDac function must be used to update an interrogators attenuation and antenna tables.

[XmitAtten/RcvAtten]

XmitRcvAttnR1= 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 XmitRcvAttnR2= 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 XmitRcvAttnR3= 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 XmitRcvAttnR4= 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 XmitRcvAttnR5= 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 XmitRcvAttnR6= 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 The AntennaQueue Command Parameters window may be accessed through the SetInterrRegs and Interrogator/Antenna Test windows. Values may be read or saved to the MsAssist.ini file by selecting the Read from INI file or Save to INI file radio buttons. In addition, on start up of MsAssist, if the MsAssist INI file button is selected in the Setup - Interr Cmnd Parameter - Interr-Specific Parameters window, these antenna queue values are read from the MsAssist.ini file.

[AntennaQueue]

AntennaQueueR1= 1 2 7 8 0 6 AntennaQueueR2= 7 8 9 10 11 12 AntennaQueueR3= 13 14 15 16 17 18 AntennaQueueR4= 19 20 21 22 23 24 AntennaQueueR5= 25 26 27 28 29 30 AntennaQueueR6= 31 32 33 34 35 36 The [SystemDefaults] section stores parameters from the Setup System Parameters window. Selecting the OK button stores the MacroDelay parameter to the INI file.

[SystemDefaults]

MacroDelay=0 ReleaseInfo=9805295005001234 The [LogDir] section is used during a Macro Play/Record session to identify the logging directory. This value is saved from the Directory Selection window.

[LogDir]

Directory=C:\

The [Notes] section provides additional information to the user and is not used by MsAssist.

[Notes]

Type=INTERR_MS_4100_RS232 Type=INTERR_MS_4100_RS485 Type=INTERR_MS_4100_RS422 Type=INTERR_MS_EPP Type=INTERR_MS_RS232 Type=INTERR_MS_RS485 Type=INTERR_MS_RS422 SubCmnd(MicroStamp RF)=00E00000 SubCmnd(MicroStamp DTS)=00C00000 InterrMode(4000 EPP series)=80004C2A InterrMode(Japan 4000 EPP series)=80044C0A InterrMode(other series)=00004C2A InterrMode(other Japan series)=00044C0A

4120R USER MANUAL 8 November 2004

-Installation Notes

-Hardware Overview

- 4120R Features

-MSAssist SW Guide included under separate cover 1. INSTALLATION NOTES In accordance with FCC regulations the following information is provided to all users:

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. All installations of the IDmicro 4120 must be accomplished by professional installers who are knowledgeable of the FCC rules and regulations. When designing the transmit antenna placement, particular emphasis on location and stand offs must be accorded to ensure people can not be exposed to levels above the permissible limits pr within the 20 cm. distance to the antenna. The IDmicro 4120R is installed using only the antennas provided by IDmicro that have been approved for use by the FCC. No other antennas may be used without written approval. IDmicro warrants that with the approved antennas, the output power of the 4120 will not exceed the FCC permissible levels. Use of additional amplifiers or higher gain antennas is not permitted. Deviation from or usage of non-IDmicro supplied parts may void the users authority to use the equipment. Using the 20 cm. distance for persons, professional installers have the option to mount the antennas above the reach of persons or supply a physical barrier to ensure that persons are not closer to the front of the antenna than the distance defined. IDmicro highly recommends placing the antennas above or out of the reach of persons, typically on poles or overhead structures. When installed in an area that maintenance persons may have access to, the installers must provide for physical barriers or affix a warning label. The standard IDmicro antenna is the 8.5dB gain linear patch antenna from Arc Wireless. In addition, IDmicro can provide lower gain antennas for special situations. For the patch antennas, the rule is that the appropriate isolation from persons and max power to the antenna must be accounted for in the design and installation activities. As of November 2004, all fixed installations will be set up in accordance with the power output rules for mobile applications. 2. 4120R HARDWARE OVERVIEW This section is a brief overview of the physical communications layer. An understanding of these concepts is necessary for optimum system implementation. Forward and Return Link Communications The interrogator-to-tag physical communications protocol is called the forward link protocol. The forward link on MicroStamp products is direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS). The tag-to-interrogator physical communications protocol is referred to as the return link protocol. The return link uses frequency hopped spread spectrum (FHSS). Forward Link Physical Description Forward link data uses direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) and consists of a calling code, preamble, barker code, data, and check sum. Spread spectrum helps reduce electromagnetic noise in the surrounding environment by using a transmission bandwidth that is wider than the bandwidth required for communicating the data, thus reducing the peak power spectral density. The operation of the MicroStamp backscatter system is illustrated in Figure 1. Rx1 Rx2 Tx1 Tx2 r o t a g o r r e t n I t s o H Return Link

(backscatter) Forward Link Figure 1 Backscatter Tag The forward link signal is detected by the tag, and the data is demodulated and processed by the tags internal logic and microprocessor. During a return link message, the interrogator sends a continuous unmodulated radio frequency signal. A data 0 corresponds to a 180 phase shift in the subcarrier, relative to the previous bit, while a data 1 corresponds to no phase change. The phase-modulated subcarrier modulates a tags antenna impedance. For a simple dipole, a switch between the two halves of the dipole antenna is opened and closed. When the switch is closed, the antenna becomes the electrical equivalent of a single half-wavelength antenna that reflects a portion of the power being transmitted by the interrogator. When the switch is open, the antenna becomes the electrical equivalent of two quarter-wavelength antennas that reflect little of the power transmitted by the interrogator. Return Link Physical Description Return link data uses differentially phase shift keyed (DPSK) modulated onto a square wave subcarrier. Frequency hopped spread spectrum (FHSS), another spread spectrum technique, reduces potential interference from other systems and is used on the return link portion of the RIC system. FHSS is accomplished by hopping through a list of pseudo-randomly selected frequencies. If an interfering signal occurs at one frequency in the band, it only affects communications on that frequency; other frequencies remain unaffected. After each forward link transmission, the interrogator hops to another frequency. For operation in the United States, the forward link is always at 2.442 gigahertz (GHz). The return link may be in any of three bands centered around 2.418, 2.442, and 2.465 GHz. Each return link band has 75frequencies, spaced 400 kilohertz (kHz) apart resulting in about 30 megahertz (MHz) of bandwidth. For operation in Japan, the forward link is always at 2.484 GHz. The receive band is centered at 2.484 GHz with 47 frequencies spaced 400 kHz apart. Backscatter Characteristics Modulated backscatter systems are particularly suited for some applications. Since the power received at the interrogator during the return link is reflected from a tags antenna, this type of system is effective for short ranges. The range depends on the RF carrier frequency, interrogator output power, data rate, and tag antenna design. For a RIC Key Ring Tag operating at 2.44 GHz, +27 dBm (10 * LOG(P), in milliwatts) output power, with a 6 dB antenna, at an effective high rate of 307.6 kilobits/second, a maximum range in a realistic environment is 90 feet. Range can be reduced by decreasing output power. The 4120R series interrogators output power is programmable from +5 dBm to +28 dBm. Interrogator RF Communications Operation The interrogator RF communications uses the external transmit and receive antennas. The interrogator generates a synthesized RF signal divided into two paths. One path is fed to a Mixer acting as an AM modulator. The AM modulated signal is amplified to the final output power and routed to a transmit antenna via switches. The second signal from the power divider is used as the local oscillator to down convert the received signal. A receive antenna is also selected by a switch. Only a single transmit and a single receive antenna can be activated simultaneously. The receive signal is down converted to baseband through a quadrature downconverter. I and Q outputs are fed to a DPSK demodulator that recovers the return link data and regenerates a bit rate clock. The data and clock are then sent to the digital controller board for processing. Antenna Operation Antennas are a critical part of an RF communication link, and they perform two primary functions. Transmit antennas convert electrical energy into radiated electromagnetic energy. Receive antennas convert electromagnetic energy into electrical energy. The distance over which communications are maintained is determined by the power output of the transmitter, receiver sensitivity, RF energy propagation media, and design and alignment of the transmit and receive antennas. Antenna Types Several types of antennas are used for the RIC system. The tag uses a loop and dipole antennas for receive and backscatter communications (respectively). The interrogator uses patch antennas supplied by IDmicro. Different antennas are not allowed without prior approval from IDmicro. In accordance with FCC regulations, there are minimum stand off distances for the different antennas supplied by IDmicro . The distances are set to ensure persons are not exposed to more than 1 mw/cm2. Antenna Setup The transmit and receive antennas should be mounted or positioned at least 24 inches apart to minimize cross-talk between the Tx and Rx ports as shown in Figure 3. Ensure that the polarization arrows on the back of the antennas are the same for all antennas (usually horizontal). The antennas should all face the same direction. NOTE: Various antennas are available for use with the 4120R series interrogator, which have differing parameters, such as polarization, gain, and frequency. Orientation does not matter with circularly polarized antennas. The antennas provided with the IDmicro development system are linearly polarized. The polarization

(indicated by the direction of the arrow on the back of the antenna) should match the tag. See Figure 2. If the arrow is vertical, the tag should be read horizontally. If the arrow is horizontal, the tag should be read vertically. Figure 2 Tag / Antenna Orientation Antenna Selection A backscatter system requires a pair of antennas for transmit and receive. The 4120R series interrogators provide the option for up to six ports for receive antennas and six ports for transmit antennas allowing up to 36 combinations of transmit and receive pairs. This feature allows one interrogator to cover multiple operational areas of RFID operation or allows for a spatial diversity scheme to be implemented. Antenna Placement Determining proper antenna placement is important for optimizing system performance. For a given position of antennas, fades will be induced due to multiple signal paths. Optimal antenna placement can be found through experimentation. One procedure is to set the antennas in place, map the coverage by moving a tag through the desired coverage area to find a location that provides favorable results. If diversity is being used, the same procedure needs to be performed (with diversity disabled) for each combination of transmit and receive antennas. Proximity of the Antenna to Conducting Surfaces When placed near conducting surfaces, antenna performance may be altered by reflections or ground plane proximity. Conducting surface reflections can modify the incoming (or outgoing) RF signals. The reflections may enhance or degrade antenna performance. In addition to the effects of multipath, conductive surfaces close to the antenna can change the antennas characteristics. Tag range may be impacted if an interrogator transmit antenna is placed in the proximity of a conducting surface. When possible, it is best to keep the interrogator antennas at least several wavelengths from conducting surfaces to reduce this effect. Antenna Line-of-Sight Communications Normally, frequencies above 500 MHz are used for line-of-sight communications. Large (several wavelengths in size) obstacles that block the view of the transmit antenna to the receive antenna may also block the communications link. For optimum system performance, interrogator antennas must have a clear communications path with a tag. The composition and density of obstacles will determine the amount of signal loss. Using diversity, the antennas can be placed so that the likelihood of obtaining a clear line of sight is increased. Ground bounce is also a factor and must be determined through testing. Site Suitability For permanent installations, a site survey should be conducted to determine the suitability of the location. Because the 2.4000-2.4835 GHz bands are considered unlicensed by the FCC, the potential for interference from other systems exists. Fortunately, most of these systems operate at low power levels; the potential for interference is limited to systems operating within close proximity to one another. RF propagation is difficult to predict accurately and is a function of the surrounding environment. Because of this, the levels of other in-band signals should be determined using a spectrum analyzer equipped with an omni-directional antenna. Before an initial system installation, a max hold type of measurement should be performed for at least several hours (preferably for 24 hours or longer) to identify other frequencies that may be in use at the site. Multipath Multipath is the result of a transmitted signal arriving at the receiver from multiple paths. This is caused by the signal being reflected from conductive and dielectric objects. The signals are received at different times creating a phase difference between the direct path and reflected signals. This phase difference can result in a reduction of signal strength. When the phase difference approaches 180 degrees, the signals will cancel, resulting in little or no power available for detection. The ground can act as a reflector of RF energy and add to the multipath environment. Due to ground reflections (for a given antenna height) there will be nulls in the coverage at particular distances. These nulls can be predicted numerically and confirmed via field testing for a given environment. The primary tool for eliminating the effects of multipath in a system is spatial diversitythe act of orienting antennas in order to increase or reduce the number of paths that RF signals can travel. For spatial diversity to be effective, the antennas need to be separated by a reasonable distance compared to the wavelength of the RF carrier. At the frequencies used by the RIC system, the wavelength is 1/8 of a meter. Physical Considerations During the return link, a high power continuous wave (CW) signal is emitted from the transmit antenna. If too much of this power is seen at the receive antenna, the receiver will saturate and its sensitivity will be severely reduced. To prevent this from occurring, do not direct the transmit and receive antennas at one another. In addition, separate the transmit and receive antennas by several feet if possible. For permanent installations, measure the received forward link power with a spectrum analyzer and verify that the level is less than -15 dBm. The receive antennas should be adjusted to receive the minimum power level possible. Optimum tag performance can be obtained when forward link power is less than 30 dBm. Repeat this process for each transmit/receive antenna combination. An antenna collects the maximum amount of energy from an incident field when the polarization of the antenna and the polarization of the incident field are matched. When the antenna polarization and the incident field are perpendicular to each other (cross-

polarized), the antenna cannot collect energy from the incident field. RIC tags use linearly polarized antennas. Users must verify that the interrogator antennas and tag antennas align correctly. 3. 4120R Series Features The 4120R series includes the availability of up to six transmit and six receive RF ports with port selection using the Avera4120 embedded code or through the MSL (Micro Stamp Library), programmable transmit and receive attenuation, and programmable antenna queue selection. In addition, two software controlled LEDs, eight external TTL-compatible auxiliary I/O lines, a time-of-day clock with battery backup, and two external user-defined analog inputs are available. Onboard memory includes one megabyte of read/write FLASH, up to 0.5 megabyte of EPROM, and one megabyte of SRAM. When using the embedded MSL for the 4120R series interrogator, the embedded processor executes all of the control functions for handling interrogator-to-tag communications on the interrogator. This limits the necessary communications between the interrogator and a host computer to application-specific messages. The hardware enhancements for the 4120R series interrogators required modification of some of the interrogator-specific MSL functions. The 4120R series interrogator provides enhanced anti-jamming capabilities and performance in extreme temperatures. The operational temperature range for the 4120R series interrogator is -40 to +85C. Interrogator Microprocessor - Motorola MC68340 The 4120R series interrogator includes a Motorola MC68340 microprocessor. This processor handles tag communication functions and applicationspecific tasks. Because the controller is embedded, communication traffic over the serial ports with the host computer becomes application-specific. The addition of a processor and its associated memory for embedded applications provides several advantages. Primarily, the design effectively optimizes the RIC interrogator for multiple-interrogator installations while also modularizing the code that is specific to RFID control. The embedded processor executes all of the control functions for handling interrogator-to-tag communications at the interrogator which allows the communications between the interrogator and a host computer to be limited to application-specific tasks. By incorporating a microprocessor, systems employing a host computer only require one host for communications with multiple interrogators. Interrogator Communications Configurations The 4120R series interrogator provides three UARTs (universal asynchronous receiver-transmitter). The UARTs are referred to as SerialPortA, SerialPortB, and SerialPortC. SerialPortA and SerialPortB are contained in the serial communications module on the MC68340 processor. A Philips SCC2691 UART is used for SerialPortC. The Util4120R utility library supplies basic drivers for standard RS-232 and RS-485 communications. The drivers can be modified by the developer to meet custom application requirements. SerialPortA and SerialPortB are configurable for any of the available modes: RS-232, RS-422, RS-485, or TTL. Mode selection for SerialPortA requires switches on the interrogator to be set appropriately. Software can override the hardware settings for baud rate and parity for SerialPortA. SerialPortBs mode, baud rate, parity, start and stop bits, and handshaking are configured with software. SerialPortC is configured to operate in RS-485 mode only with software selectable baud rate, bits per char, stop bits, and parity. Interrogator Configuration Switches The switches on the back of the 4120R series interrogator enclosure are labeled SW1 through SW10 (left to right). Some of the switches are interpreted by MccMon boot software while other switches select hardware features independent of the boot software. The MccMon boot software interprets switches SW1 through SW3 and initializes the hardware appropriately. Switches SW4 through SW10 control hardware directly and have fixed functionality. Interrogator Switch Settings The following section provides guidelines for configuring the serial bus communications interface with a RIC Interrogator, definitions of available serial port configurations, and suggested switch settings. These guidelines do not cover every situation or PC configuration, including RS-422 and RS-485 modes where the host system requires various communication cards and drivers. The switch layout is illustrated in Figure 4. Some of the switches are interpreted by application software, while others determine hardware configurations. The software-interpreted definitions are applicable to MccMon bootstrap software only. Figure 3 Front Panel Switch Layout Hardware Configuration Switch Settings The hardware configuration switches S4 through S10 allow the interrogator to be externally configured for running embedded code or in monitor mode as well as a a variety of serial communication interfaces. See Table 1 to determine the appropriate switch settings for a specific bus configuration. Table 1 Interrogator Switch Settings For typical 232 communications using embedded code, set SW1 L down, SW1 R up, and SW6 L down. For monitor mode SW1 R should be up. Interrogator Serial Communications The 4120R series interrogators are equipped with three standard asynchronous serial communication ports. Two of these ports, (SerialPortA and SerialPortB) can be configured for RS-232, RS-422, RS-485, or TTL level RS-232 line drivers. The third serial port (SerialPortC) is a dedicated RS-485 port. Some options for these ports are selected via the switches on the front of the interrogator. These switches are discussed in this and the next sections. Asynchronous communications is the standard means of serial data communication for many computers and terminals. Serial data communications implies that individual bits of a character are transmitted consecutively to a receiver that re-assembles the bits into a character. Communications characteristics such as data rate, error checking, handshaking, and character framing (start and stop bits) are pre-defined and must correspond at both the transmitting and receiving ends. The serial communications standard usually defines signal levels, maximum bandwidth, connector pin-out, supported handshaking signals, drive capabilities, and electrical characteristics of the serial lines. RS-232 Serial Ports One of the most widely used communication standards is RS-232. The most common connector for RS-232 is a standard 25-pin D-subminiature connector, although the accepted PC standard defines the RS-232 port on a 9-pin D-subminiature connector. Both implementations are in widespread use. RS-232 is capable of operating at data rates up to 20 Kbaud at 50 feet. The absolute maximum data rate may vary due to line conditions and cable lengths. RS-232 often operates at 38.4 kilobaud (Kbaud) at very short distances. The voltage levels defined by RS-232 range from 12 to +12 volts. RS-232 is a single-

ended interface, which means that a single electrical signal is compared to a common signal (ground) to determine binary logic states. A voltage of +12 volts (normally +8 to +10 volts) represents a binary 0, and

-12 volts (normally -8 to -10 volts) denotes a binary 1. (See Figure 12 on page .) For the 4120R series interrogator, serial I/O levels are generated using Maxim 5 volt buffers that generate

+/- 7 to 10 volt rails for the output drivers. Request to send (RTS) and clear to send (CTS) lines are available at the same drive levels to provide the hardware handshake, if necessary. Software configuration determines whether the RTS and CTS lines are used. RS-422 Serial Ports RS-422 uses a differential interface to define voltage levels and driver/receiver electrical specifications. On a differential interface, logic levels are defined by the difference in voltage between a pair of outputs or inputs. In contrast, a single-ended interface (for example RS-232), defines the logic levels as the difference in voltage between a single signal and a common ground connection. Differential interfaces are typically more immune to noise or voltage spikes that may occur on the communication lines. Differential interfaces also have greater drive capabilities that allow for longer cable lengths. RS-422 is rated up to 10 megabits per second and can have cabling 4,000 feet long. RS-422 differential signal levels range from 0 and +5 volts. The RS-422 standard does not define a physical connector. (See Figure 13 on page .) The output levels for the 4120R series interrogator using RS-422 mode are driven with signal levels between 0 and +5. There is a dedicated pair of wires for each direction of transmission. To operate at 4,000 feet, cables of twisted pairs with individual shields, having a 120 ohm impedance and properly terminated into 120 ohms are required. At shorter distances, some compromise may be tolerated depending on the application. Software examples in the Utility 4120R do not support the CTS and RTS lines. RS-485 Serial Ports The RS-485 interface is similar to RS-422 in several ways. RS-485 is a differential interface that allows cable lengths up to 4000 feet and data rates up to 10 megabits per second. The signal levels for RS-485 are the same as those defined by RS-422. RS-485 has electrical characteristics that allow for (up to) 32 drivers and receivers to be connected on one bus. This interface is ideal for multi-drop or network environments. RS-485 tri-state driver (not dual-state) allows the electrical presence of the driver to be removed from the line. The driver is in a tri-state or high impedance condition when this occurs. Only one driver should be active at a time, and the other driver(s) must be tri-stated. In the 4120R series interrogator, the output modem control signal, RTS, controls the state of the driver. RS-485 does not define a connector pin-out, a physical connector, or a set of modem control signals. Similar to the RS-422 mode, the signals are 0 to +5 volts differential with one pair of wires in one cable. Transmission and reception are made on the pair in a time-multiplexed mode. To operate at 4000 feet, twisted pair cable with a shield and a 120 ohm impedance, properly terminated into 120 ohms, is required. The host (or interrogator) only drives the cable when transmitting. While the cable is not being driven, it must maintain a defined state. This state is accomplished by biasing the lines with resistors to a defined state. The biasing should only be added on one host or interrogator. TTL Level RS-232 Serial Ports A TTL level RS-232 serial mode is also available with the 4120R series interrogator. This mode is a modification of the RS-422 mode. The high side of the RS-422 transmit and receive signals must be used. Electromagnetic interference (EMI) and electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection as well as hysteresis, inherent in this receiver, are available by using the RS-422 driver and receiver. The non-inverting output is used as a TTL level signal for output. On the receive side, the inverting input is biased at 1.7 volts (a reasonable TTL level threshold) and the non-inverting input is used to receive data. To maintain this bias, the inverting input pin must be left floating (unconnected) while in TTL mode. RTS and CTS lines are not available in this mode. (See Figure 15 on page .) Multifunction Connector Description The 4120R series interrogator uses a multifunction 37-pin connector for all wired external connections. This section illustrates cabling examples between the 4120R series interrogator and common equipment such as PCs. This section also illustrates the interrogator power, auxiliary port, and analog input connections. PIN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 SIGNAL

TX232_1 RX232_1 RTS_1 CTS_1 AUX2 GND2 P422_1 GND P485_1 M485_1 M485_2 M485_3 AUX4 AUX6 CTS_2 TX232_2 DEFINITION NOT USED Port A RS-232 Transmit Port A RS-232 Receive Port A Ready-To-Send Port A Clear-To-Send Auxiliary I/O port 2 Port B Signal Ground (100 ohm series resistance to ground) Port a RS-422 Receive HI / TTL Receive Ground Port A RS-485 / RS-422 Transmit HI / TTL Transmit Port A RS-485 / RS-422 Transmit LO Port B RS-485 / RS-422 Transmit LO Port C RS-485 LO Auxiliary I/O Port 4 Auxiliary I/O Port 6 Port B Clear-To-Send Port B RS-232 Transmit 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 EXTAN0 DCDCVDC External Analog Input 0 (0 to +5 Volts) DC-to-DC Converter Input

AUX0 M422_2 M422_1 AUX1 AUX3 P422_2 POSVDC NEGVDC P485_2 GND1 P485_3 GND AUX5 AUX7 RX232_2 RTS_2 EXTAN1 NOT USED Auxiliary I/O port 0 Port B RS-422 Receive LO Port A RS-422 Receive LO Auxiliary I/O Port 1 Auxiliary I/O Port 3 Port B RS-422 Receive HI Positive Power Input (+8VDC to +9 VDC) Negative Power Input (-8VDC to -9VDC) Port B RS-485 / RS-422 Transmit HI / TTL Transmit Port A Signal Ground (100 ohm resistance to ground) Port C RS-485 HI Ground Auxiliary I/O Port 5 Auxiliary I/O Port 7 Port B RS-232 Receive Port B Ready-To-Send External Analog Input 1 (0 to +5 Volts) Table 2 37 Pin Connector Description Multifunction Connector Cabling The cabling configuration depends on the handshake options and the communication standard being utilized (i.e., RS-232, RS-422, RS-485). The following diagrams illustrate typical wiring configurations for common standards. If modem control signals are not used, they should be tied to a fixed logic level. When using a differential interface such as RS-422 or RS-485, each cable connection shown in figures 12-22 requires two connections. For example, when cabling data terminal equipment (DTE) to DTE, TD+ is normally connected to RD+ and TD- is connected to RD-. The quality and electrical specifications of the cables can greatly affect the performance of the communication interface. Always use high-quality cables and follow guidelines for twisting, shielding, and biasing, and for bus termination. IMPORTANT NOTE:

In some applications, the cabling examples may not apply. To ensure proper cabling requirements are maintained, refer to the documentation provided with the external device to which the interrogator is connected. The following diagrams illustrate some pin-outs for the SerialPortA RS-

232, RS-422, RS-485, and TTL level RS-232 interfaces. To use the TTL serial mode, configure the port for RS-422 mode 2 TX232_A 3 RX232_A 30 GNDA 4 RTS_A 5 CTS_A 4100 Interrogator Multifunction Connector OPTIONAL RX232 TX232 GROUND CTS RTS Host Computer Connector Port A RS-232 Interface 4100 Interrogator Multifunction Connector 10 P485_A 11 M485_A 30 GNDA SHIELDED TWISTED PAIR RS485+

RS485-

GROUND Host Computer Connector Port A RS-485 Interface 4100 Interrogator Multifunction Connector 29 P485_B 26 P422_B 7 GNDB TTL RX TTL TX GROUND Host Computer Connector Port B TTL Interface 4100 Interrogator Multifunction Connector 29 P485_B 12 M485_B 7 GNDB 26 P422_B 22 M422_B RS422 RX+

RS422 RX-

GROUND RS422 TX+

RS422 TX-

Host Computer Connector SHIELDED TWISTED PAIR SHIELDED TWISTED PAIR Port B RS-422 Interface 4100 Interrogator Multifunction Connector 29 P485_B 12 M485_B 7 GNDB SHIELDED TWISTED PAIR RS485+

RS485-

GROUND Host Computer Connector Port B RS-485 Interface Interrogator Auxiliary Port Cabling The interrogator has eight auxiliary I/O signals that can be independently controlled as inputs or outputs.