FCC ID: MSQWL130N SUPER SPEED N WIRELESS PCI ADAPTER

Super Speed N Wireless PCI Adapter WL-130N

(For 802.11n draft, 802.11g & 802.11b Networks) R User Manual E3123/ March 2007 Copyright Information No part of this manual, including the products and software described in it, may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language in any form or by any means, except documentation kept by the purchaser for backup purposes, without the express written permission of ASUSTeK COMPUTER INC. (ASUS). ASUS PROVIDES THIS MANUAL AS IS WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. IN NO EVENT SHALL ASUS, ITS DIRECTORS, OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES OR AGENTS BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF PROFITS, LOSS OF BUSINESS, LOSS OF USE OR DATA, INTERRUPTION OF BUSINESS AND THE LIKE), EVEN IF ASUS HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES ARISING FROM ANY DEFECT OR ERROR IN THIS MANUAL OR PRODUCT. Product warranty or service will not be extended if: (1) the product is repaired,

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+1-502-933-8713 ASUS WLAN Adapter 3 Table of Contents 1. 2. Introduction ..............................................................................5 Package contents ..................................................................................5 Features.................................................................................................5 Installation ................................................................................6 System Requirements ...........................................................................6 Installation Procedures ..........................................................................6 Installing the WLAN utilities and driver.....................................................6 Reading the WLAN Status Indicators.......................................................7

....................................................................................8

....................................9

............................................10 3. Software Reference................................................................11 ASUS WLAN Control Center ...............................................................11 Wireless Settings Utility .......................................................................13 Status - Status........................................................................................13 Status - Connection................................................................................15

...................................................................................16 Status - Ping...........................................................................................16

.........................................................................................17

..................................................................................18

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...........................................................................22 Survey - Site Survey...............................................................................22 About - Version Info................................................................................23 Link State ...............................................................................................24 Exit Wireless Settings.............................................................................24 Windows XP Wireless Options...........................................................25 4. Troubleshooting .....................................................................27 5. Glossary..................................................................................29 6. Appendix .................................................................................37 4 ASUS WLAN Adapter Chapter 1 - Introduction Package contents Check the following items in your ASUS Wireless LAN Adapter package. Contact your retailer if any item is damaged or missing. 1 x ASUS Wireless LAN Adapter (WL-130N) 1 x Support CD 1 x Quick Start Guide Features PCI slot, OFDM, DSSS. Supports Infrastructure and Ad-hoc networks. Compatible with IEEE 802.11b and 802.11g devices. 1 r e t p a h C n o i t c u d o r t n I ASUS WLAN Adapter 5 I n s t a l l a t i o n C h a p t e r 2 Chapter 2 - Installation 2. Installation System Requirements To begin using the WLAN Adapter, you must meet the following minimum requirements:

Windows XP/2000 PCI slot for personal computer 128MB system memory or larger

Important: Install the WLAN Adapter utilities before inserting the WLAN Adapter into your computer. Installing the WLAN utilities and driver Follow these instructions to install the WLAN Adapter utilities and driver. Insert the support CD into your optical drive. If autorun is enabled in your computer, matically displays the utility menu. Click Install ASUS WLAN Card the CD automatically displays the utility menu. Click Utilities/Driver. If autorun is disabled, double-click SETUP.EXE in the root directory of the CD. 1. Select your language and click Install ASUS WLAN Card Utilities/Driver. 2. Click Next on the Welcome screen. 3. Click Next to use the default Destination Folder or click Browse to select another folder. 4. Click Next to create short cut. 6 ASUS WLAN Adapter 2 r e t p a h C n o i t a l l a t s n I Chapter 2 - Installation 5. The installation process takes several seconds. 6. When Setup is complete, click Finish to

computer. 8. Windows XP users: When the program is launched for the first time (during Windows restart), you are asked to

Adapter. Select "Only use our WLAN utilities and disable Windows wireless function". 7. Carefully insert the WLAN Adapter into

automatically detect and configure the WLAN Adapter using the utilities and drivers installed in the previous steps. Reading the WLAN status indicators The device comes with one LED that indicates the status of the WLAN Adapter. ACT LED Blinking: Transmitting data; the blinking speed indicates the link speed. OFF:

Radio off or Adapter is disabled. ACT LED ASUS WLAN Adapter 7 Chapter 2 - Installation One Touch Wizard

wireless LAN. I n s t a l l a t i o n C h a p t e r 2

menu and click Next to set up your wireless network. 2. Select an AP from the Available Networks

3. Connection is complete. Click Next to setup the IP address for the WLAN Adapter. 4. Choose to obtain an IP address or to assign static address manually for your WLAN Adapter. When IP setting is complete, click Finish to exit the One

Note: If the access point you want to connect has set up encryption

Select "Configure your wireless LAN settings" radio button in step 2 and make the settings accordingly. When the encryption settings are complete, you can launch the One Touch Wizard once again from the Start menu to set up the connection with your AP. We suggest WL-130N work with WL-500W Super Speed N wireless router

8 ASUS WLAN Adapter Chapter 2 - Installation

Use ASUS WLAN utility to get connected with an existing wireless network. 2 r e t p a h C n o i t a l l a t s n 1. Right-click the wireless connection icon and select Wireless Settings. 2. Check the Config page to set the SSID

(network name) to that of your wireless AP. I 3. Use Site Survey SSID of your access point(s). 4. Encryption settings must match those at the access point. Ask your network administrator about settings if necessary. Click Apply to activate the settings. 5. Check the Status page to see the association state. If connection is established, the box shows Connected -

xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx. 6. Check the Connection tab to see the signal strength. Click OK to exit the utility. ASUS WLAN Adapter 9 Chapter 2 - Installation

The WLAN Adapter supports Ad Hoc mode which allows communication between wireless stations without an AP. I n s t a l l a t i o n C h a p t e r 2 1. Right-click the wireless connection icon and select Wireless Settings. 2. Click the button and set the WLAN Adapter to Ad Hoc connection mode. 3. Click the Survey button to scan for Ad Hoc nodes. Select the node you want to communicate with and press Connect. 4. If the encryption settings of your WLAN Adapter are different from those of the other Ad Hoc nodes, you are prompted to make the encryption of the two nodes identical. Click Apply to activate the settings. 5. Check the Status page to see the association state. If connection is established, the box shows Connected - xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx. 6. Check the Connection tab to see the signal strength. Click OK to exit the utility. 10 ASUS WLAN Adapter Chapter 3 - Software Reference 3. Software Reference ASUS WLAN Control Center ASUS WLAN Control Center is an application which makes it easier to launch WLAN applications and activate network location settings. The WLAN Control Center starts automatically when system boots. When WLAN Control Center is running, you can see a Control Center icon on the Windows taskbar. Starting the Control Center Select ASUS WLAN Control Center in Windows Start Double-click the ASUS WLAN Control Center icon on the desktop. Using the Control Center The Control Center taskbar icon displays the following information:

Link quality of the WLAN Adapter (Excellent, Good, Fair, Poor, Not Linked) Whether the WLAN Adapter is connected to a network (Blue:

Connected, Gray: Not Connected) menu, or 3 r e t p a h C e c n e r e f e R e r a w t f o S Wireless Status Icons (on the taskbar) Taskbar Icon and Status Excellent link quality and connected to Internet (Infrastructure) Good link quality and connected to Internet (Infrastructure) Fair link quality and connected to Internet (Infrastructure) Poor link quality and connected to Internet (Infrastructure) Not linked but connected to Internet (Infrastructure) Excellent link quality but not connected to Internet (Infrastructure) Good link quality but not connected to Internet (Infrastructure) Fair link quality but not connected to Internet (Infrastructure) Poor link quality but not connected to Internet (Infrastructure) Not linked and not connected to Internet (Infrastructure) ASUS WLAN Adapter 11 S o f t w a r e R e f e r e n c e C h a p t e r 3 Chapter 3 - Software Reference Taskbar icon - Right-click menu Right-click the taskbar icon to show the following menu items:

Wireless Settings Click to launch Wireless Settings application.

Click to Mobile Manager Click to launch Mobile Manager application. Site Monitor Click to launch the Site Monitor application. Preferences Click to create a Control Center shortcut on the desktop and decide whether to start Control Center when system boots. About Control Center-Shows the version of Control Center. Exit Click to close the Control Center program. Taskbar icon - Left-click menu Left-click the taskbar icon to show the following menu items:

the wireless radio ON. the wireless radio OFF. Wireless Radio On Click to turn Wireless Radio Off Click to turn Search & Connect Click to view Wireless Option (Windows XP only) Click to choose Windows Wireless Zero Configuration (WZC) service or ASUS utilities to

the properties of available access points. Taskbar Left-Click Menu Taskbar Icon - Launch Wireless Settings Double-click the taskbar icon to launch the Wireless Settings utility. to launch the Wireless Settings utility. 12 ASUS WLAN Adapter Chapter 3 - Software Reference ASUS Wireless Settings Utility Wireless Settings is an application for managing the WLAN Adapter. Use Wireless

status of your WLAN Adapter. When Wireless Settings is launched, you can

groups. Starting Wireless Settings Open the Windows Control Panel, then double-click the ASUS WLAN Adapter Settings icon. or Click the Windows Start button, select Programs | ASUS Utility |

WLAN Adapter | Wireless Settings. or Right-click the Control Center icon on the Windows taskbar and select Wireless Settings. NOTE: If you have more than one ASUS WLAN device installed on your computer, you may see a device selection window when you launch the Wireless Settings utility. Select the device you want when such situation occurs. Status - Status You can view the information about the WLAN Adapter from the Status menu.

Adapter is not installed. You can turn off the WLAN Adapter by clicking the Disable Radio button. Association State Displays the connection status as follows:

Connected - The adapter is now associated with one wireless LAN device. When operating in Infrastructure mode, this field shows the MAC address of the access point with which the WLAN Adapter is communicating. When operating in Ad Hoc computers participating in the Ad Hoc network. ASUS WLAN Adapter 13 3 r e t p a h C e c n e r e f e R e r a w t f o S S o f t w a r e R e f e r e n c e C h a p t e r 3 Chapter 3 - Software Reference Scanning... : The station is trying to authenticate and associate with an access point or Ad Hoc node. Disconnected: The WLAN Adapter is installed to the system, but not yet connected to a wireless device. SSID: is either associated or intending to join. MAC address: Shows the hardware address of the WLAN Adapter. MAC

hexadecimal digits from 0 through 9 and A through F separated by colons, i.e. 00:E0:18:F0:05:C0). Current Channel: Displays the radio channel to which the adapter is currently tuned. This number changes as the radio scans the available channels. Current Data Rate: Displays the current data rate in megabits per second

(Mbps). NOTE: For 802.11n performance, select 40MHz bandwidth in wireless router. Channel option depends on the bandwidth that you select. Radio State: Shows the wireless radio status: ON or OFF. Radio On - When the wireless radio is turned ON, the icon on the right appears in the upper left of the Status page. Radio Off- When the wireless radio is turned OFF, the icon on the right appears in the upper left of the Status page. Buttons Rescan Make the WLAN Adapter rescan all available devices. If the current link quality or signal strength is poor, rescanning can be used to push the radio off a weak access point and search for a better link with another access point. This function usually takes several seconds. Change SSID Click this button to set the SSID to that of the AP you want to connect. Search & Connect Click this button to connect to an available wireless AP. 14 ASUS WLAN Adapter Chapter 3 - Software Reference

When you make settings for a certain working environment, you may need to save your settings to a

to the settings without repeating the configurations. For example, you

that contains all your settings for office use. When you travel back home,

Auto roaming is enabled by default and makes the adapter automatically switch to APs of better signal. You can uncheck it if

Status - Connection You can view the current link statistics about the WLAN Adapter. These statistics are updated once per second and are valid if the WLAN Adapter is correctly installed. Frame Sent/Received Transmitted - The number of frames that were transmitted. Received - The number of frames that were received. Frame Error Transmitted - The number of frames that were not successfully transmitted. Received - The number of frames that were not successfully received. Connection Quality Signal Strength - Shows the link quality of the access point or Ad Hoc node the WLAN Adapter is currently connected to. Ratings are: Excellent, Good, Fair, and Poor. Overall Connection Quality The overall connection quality is derived from the current signal strength. A graphic chart uses percentage to show signal quality. ASUS WLAN Adapter 15 3 r e t p a h C e c n e r e f e R e r a w t f o S S o f t w a r e R e f e r e n c e C h a p t e r 3 Chapter 3 - Software Reference

IP Config tab shows all the current host and WLAN Adapter information including host name, DNS servers, IP address, subnet mask and default gateway. Button IP Release - If you want to remove the current IP address, click this button to release the IP address from DHCP server. IP Renew - If you want to obtain a new IP address from DHCP server, click this button to renew the IP address. Ping - Click this button to open Ping tab which is used to ping the devices in your network. NOTE: The IP Release and IP Renew buttons can only be used on the WLAN Adapter which gets IP address from DHCP server. Status - Ping Click the "Ping" button in Status-IP

tab allows you to verify the accessibility of other computers or network devices. To ping a connection:

1. Type the IP address of the device you

2. Configure the ping session by

number of packet to send, and the timeout value (in milliseconds). 3. Click the Ping button. During the ping session, the Ping button Changes into a Stop button. To cancel the ping session, click the Stop button.

roundtrip time (minimum, maximum, and average) and packets sent, received, and lost after a ping session.

16 ASUS WLAN Adapter Chapter 3 - Software Reference

This page enables you to change the

Network Type Infrastructure Infrastructure means to establish a connection with an access point. Once connected, the access point allows you to access wireless LAN and wired LAN (Ethernet). The Channel field turns to Auto if the connection is based on Infrastructure. Ad Hoc Ad Hoc means to communicate directly with other wireless clients without using an access point. An Ad Hoc network can be setup quickly and easily without pre-planning, for example, sharing meeting notes between attendants in a meeting room. Network Name (SSID) SSID stands for Service Set Identifier, which is a string used to identify a wireless LAN. Use the SSID to connect with a known access point. You can enter a new SSID or select one from the drop-down list box. If you get connected by designating the SSID, you are only to connect the AP with the SSID you assigned. If the AP is removed from the network, your WLAN Adapter does not roam automatically to other APs. SSIDs must all be printable characters and having a maximum of 32 case sensitive characters, such as Wireless. NOTE: Set the SSID to a null string, if you wish to allow your station to

Ad Hoc mode. Channel The Channel field is for setting radio channel. Your WLAN Adapter can automatically select the correct channel to communicate with an wireless device,

The available radio channels depend on the regulations in your country. For the United States (FCC) and Canada (IC), channel 1 to 11 are supported. For Europe (ETSI), channel 1 to 13 are supported. For Japan (MKK), channel 1 to 14 are supported.

ASUS WLAN Adapter 17 3 r e t p a h C e c n e r e f e R e r a w t f o S S o f t w a r e R e f e r e n c e C h a p t e r 3 Chapter 3 - Software Reference Others Encryption Click this link to show the "Encryption" tab. Advanced Click this link to show the "Advanced" tab. In most cases, the default values do not have to be changed. Troubleshooting Click on this to show the Troubleshooting utility.

Click Advanced link on Config-Basic page to show this tab. This tab allows you to set up additional parameters for the wireless Adapter. We recommend using the default values for all items in this window. RTS Threshold (0-2347) The RTS/CTS (Request to Send/Clear

When RTS/CTS is enabled, the router refrains from sending a data frame until another RTS/CTS handshake is completed. Enable RTS/CTS by setting a

Fragmentation Threshold (256-2346) Fragmentation is used to divide 802.11 frames into smaller pieces (fragments) that are sent separately to the destination. Enable fragmentation by setting

on the WLAN, experiment with different fragmentation values to increase the reliability of frame transmissions. The default value (2000) is recommended for normal use. 18 ASUS WLAN Adapter Chapter 3 - Software Reference

This page enables you to configure the Wireless LAN Adapter encryption settings. For data confidentiality in a wireless environment, IEEE 802.11 specifies a Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) algorithm to offer transmission privacy. The WEP uses keys to encrypt and decrypt data packets. The encryption process can scramble frame bits to avoid disclosure to others. The WPA/WPA2 is improved security system for 802.11 which are developed to overcome the weakness of the WEP protocol. Network Authentication Since there is no precise bound in wireless LANs, the WLAN users need to implement certain mechanism to provide security solution. The Authentication policies in this tab provide protection of different levels such as Open, Shared, WPA-PSK, WPA, and WPA2. Open - Select this option to make the network operate on Open System mode, which use no authentication algorithm. Open stations and APs can authenticate with each other without checking any WEP Key, even if there is. Shared - Select this option to make the network operate on Shared key mode. In a Share Key Authentication system, four-step exchange of frames is required to validate that the station is using the same WEP Key as the access point. WPA-PSK/ WPA2-PSK - Select this option to enable WPA Pre-Shared Key under Infrastructure mode. It enables communication between your client and APs using WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK encryption mode. WPA/ WPA2 - The network is operating in IEEE 802.1x authentication mode. This mode is for environments with RADIUS (Remote Access Dial-in User Service). In a RADIUS environment, three Extensible Authentication Protocol

(EAP) are supported, including PEAP, EPA/TLS, and LEAP. ASUS WLAN Adapter 19 3 r e t p a h C e c n e r e f e R e r a w t f o S S o f t w a r e R e f e r e n c e C h a p t e r 3 Chapter 3 - Software Reference Data encryption For Open and Shared authentication mode, the configuration options of encryption type are Disabled and WEP. For WPA, WPA-PSK, WPA2 and WPA2-PSK authentication mode, Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) encryption and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) encryption are supported. Disabled - Disable the encryption function. WEP - WEP Key is used to encrypt your data before it is transmitted over air. You can only connect and communicate with wireless devices that use the same WEP keys. TKIP - TKIP uses an encryption algorithm methods which is more stringent than the WEP algorithm. It also uses existing WLAN calculation facilities to

keys are determined. AES: AES is a symmetric 128-bit block encryption technique which works simultaneously on multiple network layers. Wireless Network Key This option is enabled only if you select WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK authentication

Wireless Network Key (WEP)

digits which is used to encrypt and decrypt data packets. Key Format You can select to enter Hexadecimal digits (0~9, a~f, and A~F) or ASCII

Key Length For 64 bits encryption, each key contains 10 hex digits or 5 ASCII characters. For 128 bits encryption, each key contains 26 hex digits or 13 ASCII characters. Two ways to assign WEP keys 1. Manual Assignment - When you select this option, the cursor appears

WEP Keys. Each Key contains exactly 10 hex digits (0~9, a~f, and A~F). For 128-bit encryption, you are required to enter four WEP Keys. Each Key contains exactly 26 hex digits (0~9, a~f, and A~F). 20 ASUS WLAN Adapter Chapter 3 - Software Reference 2. Automatic Generation - Type a combination of up to 64 letters, numbers, or symbols in the Passphrase box, the Wireless Settings Utility automatically uses an algorithm to generate four WEP Keys. Select one as your Default Key

use for transmitting data over wireless LAN. You can change the default key by clicking on the downward arrow, selecting the number of the key you want to use, and clicking the Apply button. If the access point or station with which you are communicating uses the identical key by the same sequence, you can use any of the keys as the default on your WLAN Adapter. Click the Apply button after you have created the encryption keys, the Wireless Settings Utility uses asterisks to mask your keys. 64/128bits versus 40/104bits There are two levels of WEP Encryption: 64 bits and 128 bits. Firstly, 64 bit WEP and 40 bit WEP are the same encryption method and can interoperate in the wireless network. This lower level of WEP encryption uses a 40 bit (10 Hex character) as a secret key (set by user), and a 24 bit

24). Some vendors refer to this level of WEP as 40 bits and others refer to this as 64 bits. Our Wireless LAN products use the term 64 bits when referring to this lower level of encryption. Secondly, 104 bit WEP and 128 bit WEP are the same encryption method and can interoperate in the wireless network. This higher level of WEP encryption uses a 104 bit (26 Hex character) as a secret key (set by user), and a 24 bit

refer to this as 128 bits. Our Wireless LAN products use the term 128 bits when referring to this higher level of encryption. ASUS WLAN Adapter 21 3 r e t p a h C e c n e r e f e R e r a w t f o S Chapter 3 - Software Reference

This tab allows you to set the security settings to match those of your AP. It is

Authentication Type The authentication type methods include:

PEAP: PEAP (Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol) authentication is a version of Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP). EAP ensures mutual authentication between a wireless client and a server that resides at the network operations center. EPA/TLS: EPA/TLS (Extensible Authentication Protocol - Transport Layer Security) is a follow-on to Secure

for user authentication. LEAP: LEAP (Light Extensible Authentication Protocol) authentication is a version of Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP). EAP ensures mutual authentication between a wireless client and a server that resides at the network operations center. S o f t w a r e R e f e r e n c e C h a p t e r 3 Survey - Site Survey Use the Site Survey tab to view statistics on the wireless networks available to the WLAN Adapter and their parameters. SSID: The SSID of the available Channel: The channel used by each networks. network. 22 ASUS WLAN Adapter Chapter 3 - Software Reference RSSI: The Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) transmitted by each network. This information is helpful in determining which network to connect

Encryption: Wireless network encryption information. All devices in the network should use the same encryption method to ensure the communication. BSSID: The media access control (MAC) address of the access point or the Basic Service Set ID of the Ad Hoc node. NOTE: Some access points may disable SSID broadcast and hide themselves from Site Survey or Site Monitor, however, you can connect such AP if you know their SSID. Buttons Search To scan all available wireless networks and show the scan result in the Available Network list. Connect To associate with a network, select the network from the Available Network list and click this button. About - Version Info Use the Version Info tab to view program and WLAN Adapter version

utility version. The version information includes the NDIS version, driver name, driver version and hardware version. This screen is an example only. Your version numbers will be different from what are shown here. ASUS WLAN Adapter 23 3 r e t p a h C e c n e r e f e R e r a w t f o S S o f t w a r e R e f e r e n c e C h a p t e r 3 Chapter 3 - Software Reference Link State WLAN Adapter Link State icon appears on the left side of the WLAN Adapter Settings. Use the icon to view the current signal status. Excellent Link Quality (Infrastructure) Good Link Quality (Infrastructure) Fair Link Quality (Infrastructure) Poor Link Quality (Infrastructure) Not linked (Infrastructure) Exit Wireless Settings To exit Wireless Settings, you can click OK or Cancel. 24 ASUS WLAN Adapter Chapter 3 - Software Reference Windows XP Wireless Options The wireless options window shown below is only available for Windows XP.

Only use Windows wireless function Only use Windows XP Wireless

the WLAN Adapter. Only use our WLAN utilities and disable XP wireless function

(recommended) You can open the Wireless Option setting window at any time by left-

clicking the control center icon and choosing Wireless Option. Taskbar Left-Click Menu

If you want to configure your WLAN Adapter via Windows Wireless Zero

1. Double-click the wireless network icon on the task bar to view available networks.Select the AP and click Connect. 2. A window prompts out asking you for the key if you have set up encryption on your wireless router, input the keys and click Connect. The connection is complete. ASUS WLAN Adapter 25 3 r e t p a h C e c n e r e f e R e r a w t f o S S o f t w a r e R e f e r e n c e C h a p t e r 3 Chapter 3 - Software Reference To set up the wireless connection properties, right-click the wireless icon on the taskbar and select Open Network Connection. Then right-click the network connection icon and select Property to open the Wireless Network Connection Status page. 1. The General page shows status, duration, speed, and signal strength. Signal strength is represented by green bars with 5 bars indicating excellent signal and 1 bar meaning poor signal. 2. Select Wireless Networks tab to show Preferred networks. Use the Add button to add the SSID of available networks and set the connection preference order with the Move up and Move down buttons. The radio tower with a signal icon identifies the currently connected access point. Click Properties to set the authentication of the wireless connection. 3. The Authentication page allows you to add security settings. Read Windows help for more information. 4. The Advanced page allows you to set

for more information. 26 ASUS WLAN Adapter Chapter 4 - Troubleshooting 4. Troubleshooting The following troubleshooting guides provide answers to some of the more common problems, which you may encounter while installing or using WLAN

section, please contact the Wireless LAN Technical Support. Verify if the WLAN Adapter is installed correctly. When the WLAN Adapter setup is complete, you can verify if the driver has been setup properly. Right click My Computer, select Properties, and click the Device Manager tab. Then double-click the Network adapters icon; you should see 802.11g Network Adapter with an icon of an expansion adapter. There should not be a ! or ? (problem) or x (disabled) symbol over this icon. There is a yellow exclamation mark or a yellow question mark in Device Manager in front of my WLAN Adapter. To resolve the problem, you should update/reinstall the WLAN Adapter driver. In Device Manager, right click 802.11g Network Adapter, select Properties, and select Driver tab. Click on Update Driver button, then follow the Update

Cannot connect to any access points

a. Verify that the Network Type is in Infrastructure mode. b. Verify that the SSID of your WLAN Adapter is set to the same SSID of an access point. c. Verify that the Encryption type is the same as that of an access point. If you enabled WEP encryption, you must also set the same WEP Keys on both sides. 4 r e t p a h C g n i t o o h s e l b u o r T ASUS WLAN Adapter 27 Chapter 4 - Troubleshooting Cannot connect to a Station (WLAN Adapter)

a. Verify that the Network Type is in Ad Hoc mode. b. Verify that the SSID of your WLAN Adapter is set to the same SSID of the other station (or another WLAN Adapter). c. Verify that the channel of the WLAN Adapter is Auto or set to the same channel of the other station (or another WLAN Adapter). d. Verify that the Encryption type is the same as the other station (or another WLAN Adapter). If WEP encryption is enabled, you must set the same WEP Keys on both stations. Bad link quality or bad signal strength There are two possible reasons. First is radio interference, keep the environment around the WLAN Adapter away from microwave ovens and large metal objects. Then try to reorient the WLAN Adapter antenna. Second is the distance, decrease the distance between your WLAN Adapter and the access point or station (or another WLAN Adapter). The TCP/IP protocol did not bind to the WLAN PC Adapter. This will occur when the computer already has six TCP/IP bindings in Windows 98 or ten bindings in Windows Me. These limits are imposed by the Microsoft operating system. Solution: If your computer already has the maximum number of TCP/IP

before installing the WLAN Adapter driver. T r o u b l e s h o o t i n g C h a p t e r 4 28 ASUS WLAN Adapter Chapter 5 - Glossary 5. Glossary Access Point (AP) A networking device that seamlessly connects wired and wireless networks. access points combined with a distributed system support the creation of multiple radio cells that enable roaming throughout a facility. Ad Hoc A wireless network composed solely of stations within mutual communication range of each other (no access point). Basic Rate Set This option allows you to specify the data transmission rate. Basic Service Area (BSS) A set of stations controlled by a single coordination function. Broadband A type of data transmission in which a single medium (such as cable) carries several channels of data at once. Channel An instance of medium use for the purpose of passing protocol data units that may be used simultaneously, in the same volume of space, with other instances of medium use (on other channels) by other instances of the same physical layer, with an acceptably low frame error ratio due to mutual interference. Client A client is the desktop or mobile PC that is connected to your network. COFDM (for 802.11a or 802.11g) Signal power alone is not enough to maintain 802.11b-like distances in an 802.11a/

g environment. To compensate, a new physical-layer encoding technology was designed that departs from the traditional direct-sequence technology being deployed today. This technology is called COFDM (coded OFDM). COFDM was developed specifically for indoor wireless use and offers performance much superior to that of spread-spectrum solutions. COFDM works by breaking one high-speed data carrier into several lower-speed subcarriers, which are then

these subchannels for data, while the remaining four are used for error correction. COFDM delivers higher data rates and a high degree of multipath reflection recovery, thanks to its encoding scheme and error correction. ASUS WLAN Adapter 29 5 y r a s s o G r e t p a h C l Chapter 5 - Glossary

end of the speed gradient, BPSK (binary phase shift keying) is used to encode 125 Kbps of data per channel, resulting in a 6,000-Kbps, or 6 Mbps, data rate. Using quadrature phase shift keying, you can double the amount of data encoded to 250 Kbps per channel, yielding a 12-Mbps data rate. And by using 16-level quadrature

must support these basic data rates. The standard also lets the vendor extend the

that are encoded, the more susceptible the signal will be to interference and fading, and ultimately, the shorter the range, unless power output is increased. Default Key This option allows you to select the default WEP key. This option allows you to use WEP keys without having to remember or write them down. The WEP keys generated using the Pass Phrase is compatible with other WLAN products. The Pass Phrase option is not as secure as manual assignment. Device Name Also known as DHCP client ID or network name. Sometimes provided by an ISP when using DHCP to assign addresses.

This protocol allows a computer (or many computers on your network) to be automatically assigned a single IP address from a DHCP server. DNS Server Address (Domain Name System) DNS allows Internet host computers to have a domain name and one or more IP addresses. A DNS server keeps a database of host computers and their respective domain names and IP addresses, so that when a user enters a domain name into the Internet browser, the user is sent to the proper IP address. The DNS server address used by the computers on your home network is the location of the DNS server your ISP has assigned. DSL Modem (Digital Subscriber Line) A DSL modem uses your existing phone lines to transmit data at high speeds. Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum (for 802.11b) Spread spectrum (broadband) uses a narrowband signal to spread the transmission over a segment of the radio frequency band or spectrum. Direct-sequence is a spread spectrum technique where the transmitted signal is spread over a particular frequency range. 30 ASUS WLAN Adapter l G o s s a r y C h a p t e r 5 Chapter 5 - Glossary Direct-sequence systems communicate by continuously transmitting a redundant pattern of bits called a chipping sequence. Each bit of transmitted data is mapped into chips and rearranged into a pseudorandom spreading code to form the chipping sequence. The chipping sequence is combined with a transmitted data stream to produce the output signal. Wireless mobile clients receiving a direct-sequence transmission use the spreading code to map the chips within the chipping sequence back into bits to recreate the original data transmitted by the wireless device. Intercepting and decoding a direct-

code used by the transmitting wireless device to the receiving wireless mobile client.

within the chipping sequence enables the receiving wireless mobile client to recreate the original data pattern, even if bits in the chipping sequence are corrupted by interference. The ratio of chips per bit is called the spreading ratio. A high spreading ratio increases the resistance of the signal to interference. A low spreading ratio increases the bandwidth available to the user. The wireless device uses a constant chip rate of 11Mchips/s for all data rates, but uses different modulation schemes to encode more bits per chip at the higher data rates. The wireless device is capable of an 11 Mbps data transmission rate, but the coverage area is less than a 1 or 2 Mbps wireless device since coverage area decreases as bandwidth increases. Encryption This provides wireless data transmissions with a level of security. This option allows you to specify a 64-bit or a 128-bit WEP key. A 64-bit encryption contains 10 hexadecimal digits or 5 ASCII characters. A 128-bit encryption contains 26 hexadecimal digits or 13 ASCII characters. 64-bit and 40-bit WEP keys use the same encryption method and can interoperate on wireless networks. This lower level of WEP encryption uses a 40-bit (10

Vector assigned by the device. 104-bit and 128-bit WEP keys use the same encryption method. All wireless clients in a network must have identical WEP keys with the access point to establish connection. Keep a record of the WEP encryption keys. Extended Service Set (ESS) A set of one or more interconnected basic service set (BSSs) and integrated

You must have the same ESSID entered into the gateway and each of its wireless

ASUS WLAN Adapter 31 5 y r a s s o G r e t p a h C l Chapter 5 - Glossary Ethernet

standard. Ethernet is normally a shared media LAN meaning all devices on the network segment share total bandwidth. Ethernet networks operate at 10Mbps using CSMA/CD to run over 10-BaseT cables. Firewall

A Firewall prevents anyone outside of your network from accessing your computer

Gateway

Internet and connects one network to another. IEEE The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. The IEEE sets standards for networking, including Ethernet LANs. IEEE standards ensure interoperability between systems of the same type. IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.xx is a set of specifications for LANs from the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE). Most wired networks conform to 802.3, the

three incompatible (non-interoperable) technologies: Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS), Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS), and Infrared. 802.11 specifies a carrier sense media access control and physical layer

IEEE 802.11a (54Mbits/sec) Compared with 802.11b: The 802.11b standard was designed to operate in

spread-spectrum technology. The 802.11a standard, on the other hand, was

National Information Infrastructure) band. And unlike 802.11b, the 802.11a standard departs from the traditional spread-spectrum technology, instead using a frequency

The 802.11a standard, which supports data rates of up to 54 Mbps, is the Fast Ethernet analog to 802.11b, which supports data rates of up to 11 Mbps. Like Ethernet and Fast Ethernet, 802.11b and 802.11a use an identical MAC (Media Access Control). However, while Fast Ethernet uses the same physical-layer encoding scheme as Ethernet (only faster), 802.11a uses an entirely different encoding scheme, called OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing). 32 ASUS WLAN Adapter l G o s s a r y C h a p t e r 5 Chapter 5 - Glossary The 802.11b spectrum is plagued by saturation from wireless phones, microwave ovens and other emerging wireless technologies, such as Bluetooth. In contrast, 802.11a spectrum is relatively free of interference. The 802.11a standard gains some of its performance from the higher frequencies at which it operates. The laws of information theory tie frequency, radiated power

power and encoding scheme. Compared with 802.11g: 802.11a is a standard for access points and radio NICs that is ahead of 802.11g in the market by about six months. 802.11a operates in the

you can have up to twelve access points set to different channels in the same area without them interfering with each other. This makes access point channel

LAN can deliver within a given area. In addition, RF interference is much less likely

IEEE 802.11b (11Mbits/sec) In 1997, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) adopted the

standard includes provisions for three radio technologies: direct sequence spread spectrum, frequency hopping spread spectrum, and infrared. Devices that comply with the 802.11 standard operate at a data rate of either 1 or 2 Mbps. In 1999, the IEEE created the 802.11b standard. 802.11b is essentially identical to the 802.11 standard except 802.11b provides for data rates of up to 11 Mbps for direct sequence spread spectrum devices. Under 802.11b, direct sequence devices can operate at 11 Mbps, 5.5 Mbps, 2 Mbps, or 1 Mbps. This provides interoperability with existing 802.11 direct sequence devices that operate only at 2 Mbps. Direct sequence spread spectrum devices spread a radio signal over a range of

into 14 overlapping operating Channels. Each Channel corresponds to a different set of frequencies. IEEE 802.11g 802.11g is a new extension to 802.11b (used in majority of wireless LANs today)

OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) technology. 802.11g allows backward compatibility with 802.11b devices but only at 11 Mbps or lower, depending on the range and presence of obstructions. Infrastructure A wireless network centered about an access point. In this environment, the access point not only provides communication with the wired network but also mediates

ASUS WLAN Adapter 33 5 y r a s s o G r e t p a h C l Chapter 5 - Glossary IP (Internet Protocol) The TCP/IP standard protocol that defines the IP datagram as the unit of information passed across an Internet and provides the basis for connectionless packet delivery service. IP includes the ICMP control and error message protocol as an integral part. It provides the functional equivalent of ISO OSI Network Services. IP Address An IP address is a 32-bit number that identifies each sender or receiver of information that is sent across the Internet. An IP address has two parts: the

device (which can be a server or a workstation) within that network.

Radio frequency bands that the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)

ISP (Internet Service Provider)

via modem and ISDN while the larger ones also offer private line hookups (T1, fractional T1, etc.). LAN (Local Area Network)

The benefits include the sharing of Internet access, files and equipment like printers and storage devices. Special network cabling (10 Base-T) is often used to connect the PCs together. MAC Address (Media Access Control) A MAC address is the hardware address of a device connected to a network. NAT (Network Address Translation)

allowing a local network of computers to share a single ISP account. This process allows all of the computers on your home network to use one IP address. This will enable access to the Internet from any computer on your home network without having to purchase more IP addresses from your ISP. NIC (Network Interface Card) A network adapter inserted into a computer so that the computer can be connected to a network. It is responsible for converting data from stored in the computer to the form transmitted or received. 34 ASUS WLAN Adapter l G o s s a r y C h a p t e r 5 Chapter 5 - Glossary Packet A basic message unit for communication across a network. A packet usually includes routing information, data, and sometimes error detection information. Pass Phrase The Wireless Settings utility uses an algorithm to generate four WEP keys based on the typed combination. PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) PPP is a protocol for communication between computers using a serial interface, typically a personal computer connected by phone line to a server. PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet) Point-to-Point Protocol is a method of secure data transmission. PPP using Ethernet to connect to an ISP. Preamble Allows you to set the preamble mode for a network to Long, Short, or Auto. The default preamble mode is Long. Radio Frequency (RF) Terms: GHz, MHz, Hz

SSID is a group name shared by every member of a wireless network. Only client PCs with the same SSID are allowed to establish a connection. Enabling the Response to Broadcast SSID requests option allows the device to broadcast its SSID in a wireless network. This allows other wireless devices to scan and establish communication with the device. Unchecking this option hides the SSID to

Station Any device containing IEEE 802.11 wireless medium access conformity. Subnet Mask

create IP address numbers used only within a particular network. ASUS WLAN Adapter 35 5 y r a s s o G r e t p a h C l Chapter 5 - Glossary TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) The standard transport level protocol that provides the full duplex, stream service on which many application protocols depend. TCP allows a process or one machine to send a stream of data to a process on another. Software implementing TCP usually resides in the operating system and uses the IP to transmit information across the network. WAN (Wide Area Network) A system of LANs, connected together. A network that connects computers located in separate areas, (i.e., different buildings, cities, countries). The Internet is a wide area network. WECA (Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance) An industry group that certifies cross-vender interoperability and compatibility of IEEE 802.11b wireless networking products and to promote that standard for enterprise, small business, and home environments. WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) is an improved security system for 802.11. It is part of the 802.11i draft security standard. WPA encompasses TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol) along with MIC (Message Integrity Check) and other fixes to

TKIP uses 802.1x to deploy and change temporary keys as opposed to static

is part of a complete security solution. WPA also requires authentication servers in enterprise security solutions. Requirements

(1) A WPA compatible access point or Wireless router, (2) Operating system updates that support WPA. In XP, an updated Windows Zero Config service is needed. Users can download the Windows XP WPA patch here:

http://microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyId=009D8425-CE2B-47A4-

ABEC-274845DC9E91&displaylang=en Please note that this patch requires the installation Windows XP Service Pack 1, which is available here: http://www.microsoft.com/WindowsXP/pro/downloads/

servicepacks/sp1/default.asp For earlier Windows Operating systems, a WPA capable supplicant is required

WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) This is a group of computers and other devices connected wirelessly in a small area. A wireless network is referred to as LAN or WLAN. 36 ASUS WLAN Adapter l G o s s a r y C h a p t e r 5 Chapter 6 - Appendix 6. Appendix FCC Warning Statement This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:

(1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and

(2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a class B digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

- Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.

- Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.

- Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.

- Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. CAUTION:

Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party

equipment. Prohibition of Co-location This device and its antenna(s) must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter Safety Information

should be installed and operated with minimum distance 20cm between the radiator and your body. Use on the supplied antenna. ASUS WLAN Adapter 37 i 6 r e t p a h C x d n e p p A Chapter 6 - Appendix Declaration of Conformity for R&TTE directive 1999/5/EC Essential requirements Article 3 Protection requirements for health and safety Article 3.1a Testing for electric safety according to EN 60950-1 has been conducted. These are

Protection requirements for electromagnetic compatibility Article 3.1b Testing for electromagnetic compatibility according to EN 301 489-1 and EN 301 489-17 has

Effective use of the radio spectrum Article 3.2 Testing for radio test suites according to EN 300 328- 2 has been conducted. These are

CE Mark Warning This is a Class B product, in a domestic environment, this product may cause radio interference, in which case the user may be required to take adequate measures.

38 ASUS WLAN Adapter C h a p t e r A p p e n d x 6 i