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| 1 | Test Setup Photos | April 05 2002 / February 07 2002 |
| 1 | modified integrators guide | Users Manual | 878.32 KiB | / February 07 2002 |
RIM GPRS Radio Modem 1902G, 1902GS, 1802G, 1802GS Integrator Guide Version 1.0 RIM GPRS Radio Modem 1902G, 1902GS, 1802G, 1802GS Integrator Guide Last revised: 28 June 2002 Part numbers: PDF-04522-002 The information in this document is RIM confidential and is for internal distribution only.
' 2002 Research In Motion Limited. All Rights Reserved. The BlackBerry and RIM families of related marks, images and symbols are the exclusive properties of Research In Motion Limited. RIM, Research In Motion, Always On, Always Connected, the envelope in motion symbol and the BlackBerry logo are registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and may be pending or registered in other countries. All other brands, product names, company names, trademarks and service marks are the properties of their respective owners. The handheld and/or associated software are protected by copyright, international treaties and various patents, including one or more of the following U.S. patents: 6,278,442; 6,271,605; 6,219,694; 6,075,470;
6,073,318; D445,428; D433,460; D416,256. Other patents are registered or pending in various countries around the world. Visit www.rim.net/patents.shtml for a current listing of applicable patents. While every effort has been made to ensure technical accuracy, information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Research In Motion Limited, or any of its subsidiaries, affiliates, agents, licensors, or resellers. There are no warranties, express or implied, with respect to the content of this document. Research In Motion Limited 295 Phillip Street Waterloo, ON N2L 3W8 Canada Research In Motion Europe Centrum House, 36 Station Road Egham, Surrey TW20 9LF United Kingdom Published in Canada 2 NOTE: This document is provided for informational purposes only, and does not constitute a binding legal document unless specifically incorporated by reference into a binding legal agreement between you and Research In Motion (RIM). In the event that you enter into a binding legal agreement with RIM, all provisions contained in such binding legal agreement shall apply, regardless of whether such provisions conflict with information contained herein. RIM assumes no responsibility for any typographical, technical or other inaccuracies in this document. RIM reserves the right to periodically change information that is contained in this document; however, RIM makes no commitment to provide any such changes, updates, enhancements or other additions to this document to you in a timely manner or at all. FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION. The information contained in this document is commercially confidential, for internal use only, and must not be disclosed to any third party without the express written consent of RIM. This document is to be treated as Confidential Information for the purposes of any Non-Disclosure Agreement between you and RIM. Warning: This document is for the use of licensed users only. Any unauthorized copying, distribution or disclosure of information is a violation of copyright laws. No reproduction in whole or in part of this document may be made without express written consent of RIM. THERE ARE NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH RESPECT TO THE CONTENT OF THIS DOCUMENT, AND ALL INFORMATION PROVIDED HEREIN IS PROVIDED "AS IS". IN NO EVENT SHALL RIM BE LIABLE TO ANY PARTY FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES FOR ANY USE OF THIS DOCUMENT, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, RELIANCE ON THE INFORMATION PRESENTED, LOST PROFITS OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, EVEN IF RIM WAS EXPRESSLY ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. 3 4 Important Safety and compliance information This section provides information on the following topics:
FCC compliance statement (USA)
Industry Canada Certification Important Safety and compliance information FCC compliance statement (USA) FCC Class B Part 15 This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
This device may not cause harmful interference, and
This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. Warning: Changes or modifications to this unit not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the users authority to operate this equipment. This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the manufacturers instructions, may cause interference harmful to radio communications. There is no guarantee, however, that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.
Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. Industry Canada Certification This device complies with Industry Canada RSS 133, under certification number 2503A-R6020GN. Class B compliance This device complies with the Class B limits for radio noise emissions as set out in the interference-causing equipment standard entitled Digital Apparatus, ICES-003 of Industry Canada. 6 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Contents Important Safety and compliance information................................................................ 5 FCC compliance statement (USA)...........................................................................6 Industry Canada Certification .................................................................................6 Class B compliance.............................................................................................6 About this guide................................................................................................................ 11 Related documentation...........................................................................................11 Introduction to the RIM GPRS Radio Modem.................................................................. 13 About the RIM GPRS Radio Modem ....................................................................14 Range of applications.......................................................................................15 Receiver sensitivity...........................................................................................15 Noise immunity ................................................................................................15 Powerful and efficient transmitter.................................................................16 Small size ...........................................................................................................16 GPRS network technology......................................................................................16 Getting Started.................................................................................................................. 19 About the Integrator Kit .........................................................................................20 Working with RIM...................................................................................................20 Integration overview...............................................................................................21 Setting up the test board ................................................................................................. 25 Test board components...........................................................................................26 Setting up the test board (GS models) ..................................................................27 To connect the radio modem to the test board.............................................28 To connect the test board to the computer ...................................................29 To insert the SIM card into the SIM card holder..........................................29 To connect the antenna to the radio modem ................................................30 CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 2 CHAPTER 3 To connect the test board to an AC outlet.....................................................31 To turn on the system ......................................................................................31 To connect the headset.....................................................................................31 Setting up the test board (G models) ....................................................................32 To connect the SIM card to the test board.....................................................33 To connect the radio modem to the test board.............................................34 To connect the test board to the computer ...................................................35 To insert the SIM card into the SIM card holder..........................................35 To connect the antenna to the radio modem ................................................36 To connect the test board to an AC outlet.....................................................36 To turn on the system ......................................................................................36 To connect the headset.....................................................................................36 Integrating the radio modem .......................................................................................... 37 Overview...................................................................................................................38 Environmental properties.......................................................................................38 Storage temperature ................................................................................................38 Operating temperature ...........................................................................................38 Physical properties ..................................................................................................38 Weight ................................................................................................................38 Dimensions........................................................................................................39 Mounting methods ..................................................................................................39 Bolts or standoffs ..............................................................................................40 Tie wraps............................................................................................................40 Permanent industrial adhesive.......................................................................41 Cables and connectors.............................................................................................41 Radio interface cable and connector ..............................................................41 SIM interface cable and connector .................................................................42 Antenna cable and connectors........................................................................43 Power Requirements ........................................................................................................ 45 Load specifications ..................................................................................................46 Power supply parameters ...............................................................................46 Ripple specification ..........................................................................................46 Power requirements ................................................................................................47 Batteries.....................................................................................................................47 Rechargeable batteries .....................................................................................47 CHAPTER 4 CHAPTER 5 CHAPTER 6 CHAPTER 7 Single-use batteries...........................................................................................48 Plug-in supplies .......................................................................................................48 Automotive supplies...............................................................................................48 Interface specification ...................................................................................................... 51 RIM GPRS Radio Modem interface.......................................................................52 AT Commands .........................................................................................................52 SIM interface pins ....................................................................................................53 Radio Interface Pins.................................................................................................54 Serial port...........................................................................................................54 Pin descriptions ................................................................................................54 Turning off and turning on the radio ...................................................................58 Turning on the radio ........................................................................................58 Turning off the radio........................................................................................58 Resetting the Radio...........................................................................................59 Loading firmware (optional)..................................................................................59 Antenna selection ............................................................................................................. 61 Introduction to antenna terminology ...................................................................62 Gain and ERP ....................................................................................................62 Impedance matching, return loss, and VSWR .............................................62 Antenna size......................................................................................................63 Selecting an antenna................................................................................................63 Antenna requirements ............................................................................................64 Antenna design considerations .............................................................................64 Vertical polarization.........................................................................................65 Proximity to active electronics........................................................................65 Transmit interference.......................................................................................65 Device position .................................................................................................65 Antenna cable....................................................................................................66 Additional notes ...............................................................................................66 Shielding ...................................................................................................................67 CHAPTER 8 Certification....................................................................................................................... 69 FCC radio frequency exposure rules ....................................................................70 Complying with FCC SAR/MPE guidelines........................................................70 Antenna..............................................................................................................70 CHAPTER 9 SAR and MPE limits.........................................................................................71 Guidelines..........................................................................................................71 Operating manual compliance statement.....................................................71 Labelling ............................................................................................................72 For more information.......................................................................................72 Specifications .................................................................................................................... 73 Power supply & typical current usage .................................................................74 RF properties ............................................................................................................74 Serial communications............................................................................................74 Other features...........................................................................................................74 Mechanical & environmental properties..............................................................75 Audio.........................................................................................................................75 Gain setting........................................................................................................76 Frequency response (voiceband filter) ..........................................................76 Input/output impedance .................................................................................76 Signal to (noise + distortion) ...........................................................................76 CHAPTER 10 Glossary ............................................................................................................................. 77 Index .................................................................................................................................. 81 About this guide This guide explains how to integrate the RIM GPRS Radio Modem into a variety of devices such as laptop computers, handhelds, vending machines, point-of-sale terminals, vehicle-based mobile terminals, and alarm systems. This guide includes the following topics:
integration overview
test board overview
mounting requirements
power (battery) requirements
interfacing to the RIM radio modem
antenna selection and placement Throughout the guide, there are suggestions and precautions that can ease the implementation of a wireless communication solution. To discuss the technical integration of this radio modem, contact RIM at oemsupport@rim.net. Related documentation The Integrator Kit also includes the RIM GPRS Radio Modem AT Command Reference, which lists the AT commands that apply to the RIM GPRS Radio Modem. About this guide 12 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Chapter 1 Introduction to the RIM GPRS Radio Modem This section provides information on the following topics:
About the RIM GPRS Radio Modem
GPRS network technology Chapter 1: Introduction to the RIM GPRS Radio Modem About the RIM GPRS Radio Modem With the introduction of the RIM GPRS Radio Modem, Research In Motion (RIM) sets a new standard for radio modem performance. Its small size and weight makes it suitable for virtually any wireless data and voice application, including handheld devices and mobile terminals. Its multislot class allows for the highest possible download rates allowed using a single receiver on a GPRS network. The RIM GPRS Radio Modem consists of the following models:
1902G
1902GS
1802G
1802GS Model 1902G 1902GS 1802G 1802GS Description This model is designed for use with GPRS and GSM wide-area wireless data/voice networks operating in the 1900 and 850 MHz range in North America. It is identical to the 1902GS, but it has a 6-pin zif connection, which allows you to position the SIM card in the location that best suits your design. This model is designed for use with GPRS and GSM wide-area wireless data/voice networks operating in the 1900 and 850 MHz range in North America. It is identical to the 1902G, but it has an on-board SIM card. This model is designed for use with GPRS and GSM wide-area wireless voice and data networks operating in the 900 MHz and 1800 MHz ranges. It is identical to the 1802GS, but it has a 6-pin zif connection, which allows you to position the SIM card in the location that best suits your design. This model is designed for use with GPRS and GSM wide-area wireless voice and data networks operating in the 900 MHz and 1800 MHz ranges. It is identical to the 1802G, but has an on-board SIM card. The RIM GPRS Radio Modem offers the following advantages:
range of applications
radio performance
reciever sensitivity
noise immunity
powerful and efficient transmitter
small size 14 RIM GPRS Radio Modem About the RIM GPRS Radio Modem These advantages are described below. Range of applications RIM radio modems are designed to integrate easily into a computing device and are suitable for a wide range of applications, including:
laptop computers
vehicle tracking
point-of-sale devices
monitoring and telemetry
ruggedized terminals
vending machines
handheld computers
utility meters
parking meters
billboards
dispatching
security alarm panels Receiver sensitivity Receiver sensitivity is a measure of how well the radio modem can receive and decode data from a network base station. This figure is important when a device is used in areas where signal strength is weak, such as inside buildings and in locations that are not close to a base station. A radio modem with good receiver sensitivity can be used in more places than a radio modem with poor receiver sensitivity. The RIM GPRS Radio Modem typically has a receiver sensitivity of -107 dBm with a 2.4% bit error rate (BER). Note: BER is an industry standard error rate used to define sensitivity; it does not indicate that 2.4% of the data that is passed by the radio to the application is corrupted. Noise immunity The RIM GPRS Radio Modem is not desensitized by the electromagnetic interference
(EMI) or noise generated by the electronics of the terminal into which it is integrated. As a result, no special shielding is required between the radio and your device. Integrator Guide 15 Chapter 1: Introduction to the RIM GPRS Radio Modem Noise immunity offers several key benefits:
easier integration
longer battery life
increased reliability
improved RF performance
more coverage from each base station
no need for special RF shielding Powerful and efficient transmitter When necessary, the RIM GPRS Radio Modem can supply a full 1.0 watt at 1900 MHz. However, the RIM GPRS Radio Modem quickly decreases the output power when it is close to a base station, because a stronger signal is needed only when the radio modem is far from a base station. By transmitting a strong signal only when it is necessary, the RIM GPRS Radio Modem conserves battery power and ensures a balanced link. Preliminary results indicate that the RIM GPRS Radio Modem provides reliable transmit efficiency across the entire operating voltage range of 3.5 to 4.75 volts. As a result, batteries can be used even when nearing depletion. The transmit efficiency also maximizes the radio coverage area throughout the life of the battery. Final numbers are yet to be determined. Small size Because of its single board design, the RIM GPRS Radio Modem is very thin and, at only 42.0 by 67.5 mm, is smaller than a business card. This tiny size allows the RIM GPRS Radio Modem to meet most applications tight space requirements. The radio modems single-board design is more reliable than multi-board designs, particularly in high-vibration environments (such as vehicles) or in devices that can be dropped
(such as handheld devices). GPRS network technology The Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM), first deployed by Oy Radiolinja Ab of Finland in 1992, has become the international voice communication standard. The General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) supplement to the GSM network was first proposed in 1992 to combine telecom and datacom, and the result has been well-received. For more information on GSM and GPRS, visit http://www.gsm.org. 16 RIM GPRS Radio Modem GPRS network technology GPRS is a packet switched overlay to the circuit switched GSM network that gives a mobile device on that network always on capabilities. GPRS allows for a theoretical maximum transfer speed of 171.2 kbps. It is also IP-based, which means that a mobile device on the GPRS network is Internet-aware. GPRS networks are deployed worldwide. There are currently 172 countries with deployed GSM networks. Enabling GPRS communication on GSM networks requires only two additional hardware devices and a software upgrade. Many GSM network providers have already supplemented their networks with GPRS capability. GPRS technology is deployed or is being deployed in the following countries:
Australia Austria Belgium Canada China Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Germany Greece Hong Kong Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Luxembourg Malaysia Malta Netherlands New Zealand Norway Philippines Italy Lebanon Poland Portugal Finland Liechtenstein Romania French W. Indies Lithuania Russia Singapore Slovenia South Africa Spain Sweden Switzerland Taiwan Turkey United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United States Note: The RIM 1902G and 1902GS models are compatible with networks in North America that operate in the 1900 and 850 MHz range. The RIM 1802G and 1802GS models are compatible with networks, usually in Europe, that operate in the 900 and 1800 MHz range. Integrator Guide 17 Chapter 1: Introduction to the RIM GPRS Radio Modem 18 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Chapter 2 Getting Started This section provides information on the following topics:
about the Integrator Kit
working with RIM
integration overview Chapter 2: Getting Started About the Integrator Kit RIM is committed to facilitating RIM GPRS Radio Modem integration. RIM provides resources for you to evaluate the feasibility of implementing a wireless communication solution and works closely with partners to develop an application in the shortest time possible. The Integrator Kit includes several tools to help streamline the evaluation and integration process. Using the kit, you can quickly interface the radio modem to your computing device. Note: The radio modem that is part of the Integrator Kit is not activated on the GPRS network until a SIM card, which has been activated for GPRS communication, is attached to the device through the proper lines. Contact your GPRS network provider to obtain a SIM card and activate the radio modem. Working with RIM RIM has an experienced team to help you with design and implementation. If you need help getting started, or if you have any questions about the radio technology or its integration into your platform, contact the engineering development team:
phone: +1 (519) 888-7465 ext. 5200 fax: +1 (519) 883-4940 email: oemsupport@rim.net web site: http://www.rim.net/oem 20 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Integration overview The following flowchart illustrates the integration process. Integration overview Integrator Guide 21 Chapter 2: Getting Started Step Description Contact the RIM OEM team Email OEMinquiry@rim.net or call (519) 888-7465 x5200 to obtain more information about RIM Radio Modem products and whether they are suitable for your application. Obtain Integrator Kit Read the Integrator Guide Obtain SIM Activate GPRS account Contact Certification Labs Start Development Request the Integrator Kit from Research In Motion. This kit includes the radio modem, two mechanical samples of the radio, an interface and test board, AC to DC power supply, required cables, magnetic mount antenna, and documentation. Read the Integrator Guide first to make sure that you follow proper procedures to prevent unnecessary delays and equipment damage. This guide explains topics such as mounting requirements, battery power characteristics, interfaces to the RIM radio modem, and antenna selection and placement. Contact the appropriate network provider to obtain a SIM card. For network contact information, visit http://www.rim.net/oem or contact RIM at oemsupport@rim.net. Contact the appropriate network provider to activate the GPRS account. For network contact information, visit http://www.rim.net/oem or contact RIM at oemsupport@rim.net. Learn about obtaining FCC and/or Industry Canada certification. Radio frequency (RF) emitting products cannot be sold in the United States or Canada until you have the necessary government approvals. Understanding what you are permitted to do before beginning your design will help you to avoid redesign costs. For more information on testing, visit http://www.rim.net/oem/ or contact the RIM at oemsupport@rim.net. Plan your project carefully before starting development. You must address several important considerations when planning your design. To speed up the development process, you can often perform several procedures in-parallel. Contact RIM at oemsupport@rim.net for further details. 22 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Step Develop Software Develop an Antenna Develop a Power Supply Complete PCB and Remaining Development Integration overview Description Contact RIM if you encounter any problems with the communication between the offboard processor and the radio. Start developing an antenna. The antenna that is provided with the Integrator Kit has been certified for use with the RIM GPRS Radio Modem. If this antenna does not meet your needs, develop an antenna for use with the final product. Refer to the Integrator Guide for guidelines selecting an antenna.You can also contact RIM for general assistance and for recommendations of antenna companies that can provide further assistance. Start developing the power supply for the product. Refer to the Integrator Guide for guidelines on the strict power requirements of the RIM radio modem. Contact RIM at oemsupport@rim.net for further details on power requirements, guidelines for power supply development, and recommendations of power supply companies that can provide further assistance. Start developing the housing and Printed Circuit Board (PCB) for the product. Refer to the Integrator Guide for guidelines on radio and antenna placement. Conduct Field Trials Start product field trials to ensure performance and reliability. Perform Certification Pilot/Beta Release Final Release Choose a testing lab to perform FCC or Industry Canada certification and any applicable network certification. Before sending your product for testing, contact RIM to make sure that the solution is set up properly for testing. For more information, visit http://www.rim.net/oem/. Contact RIM prior to beta release of the product, especially if the product has not been certified yet. There are specific guidelines that must be followed prior to certification to make sure that the release conforms to legal requirements. Congratulations on completing the development process!
Contact RIM if you encounter any obstacles related to the RIM GPRS Radio Modem. Please also provide RIM with regular updates on the releases progress. Integrator Guide 23 Chapter 2: Getting Started 24 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Chapter 3 Setting up the test board This section provides information on the following topics:
Test board components
Setting up the test board (GS models)
Setting up the test board (G models) Chapter 3: Setting up the test board Test board components The RIM test board provides a standard RS-232 serial interface between a computer and the radio modem. The test board allows you to connect the RIM GPRS Radio Modem to a standard computer using a COM port or to a terminal device using a RS-232 serial port. The test board also provides access points to the radios communication port, which enables you to monitor activity with a logic probe, multimeter, or oscilloscope. The test board includes the following components and functionality:
RS-232 interface
on/off switch
test points
power supply
LED indicators
standard SIM slot
microphone/speaker jack The test board components and functionality are described below. Component RS-232 interface On/off switch Test points Description The serial (COM) port on a computer and most terminal devices operates at RS-232 signal levels, which are typically 12V. This high voltage would damage the RIM GPRS Radio Modem, which is typically integrated into a device that operates an asynchronous serial port at 3.0V. The RS-232 interface on the test board allows you to produce an output from the radio that is easily interpreted by a computer. When the switch is on, the radio turns on whenever power is applied to the test board. When the switch is off, the radio shuts down. Refer to "Turning off and turning on the radio" on page 58 for more information. The test board is more than an RS-232 interface. It provides direct access to each of the 22 pins on the radio interface cable, which enables connectivity to analytical equipmentsuch as a logic probe, multimeter, or oscilloscopeand real-time data flow indication. 26 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Setting up the test board (GS models) Component Power supply LED indicators Description The RIM GPRS Radio Modem requires a clean, high-current power source. RIM uses a standard plug-pack to provide the current that is necessary to operate the radio. The voltage is converted into the necessary levels by the power supply section on the test board. The test board includes light emitting diode (LED) indicators that are designed to indicate the flow of data to and from the host (in real time), the radio power status, power to the test board, network coverage, and more. Standard SIM card holder The test board includes a SIM card holder for use with standard 3V or 5V SIM cards. The SIM card is necessary in order to access GSM/GPRS networks. Microphone/speaker jack The test board includes a microphone/speaker jack for use with the headset that is included in the Integrator Kit. The microphone/speaker jack enables the integrator to take advantage of the GSM circuit-switched voice network that underlies the GPRS networks. Setting up the test board (GS models) To use the test board that is provided with your Integrator Kit, you must connect the RIM GPRS Radio Modem to an antenna, SIM card, and a computer (or another device with a RS-232 serial interface). Use the test board and cables that are supplied with your Integrator Kit. Note: These steps apply to on-board SIM models (GS) only. Insert the SIM card into the SIM card holder. To set up the test board, complete these tasks in the following order:
1. Connect the radio modem to the test board. 2. Connect the test board to the computer. 3. 4. Connect the antenna to the radio modem. 5. Connect the test board to an AC outlet. 6. Turn on the system. 7. Connect the headset. The following graphic illustrates the GS model test board and major components. Integrator Guide 27 Chapter 3: Setting up the test board power jack RS-232 interface 22-pin connector cable GPRS Radio Modem microphone/
speaker jack on/off switch test point LED indicator GS model test board top view To connect the radio modem to the test board Note: This step is only necessary if the radio modem is not already connected to the test board. The 22-pin flat interface cable supplies clean, regulated power to the radio and carries most of the data and all of the voice between the test board and the radio modem. This cable also carries control and status signals, such as ONI. 1. At the top of the radio modem, push the two black tabs up and away from the connector. 28 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Setting up the test board (GS models) Connecting the 22-pin cable to the radio modem 2. With the blue side facing the test board, insert the end of the 22-pin cable into the connector. Verify that the side with the bare pins is in direct contact with the pin side of the connector. Note: Do not force the cable into the connector. 3. At the top of the radio modem, push the black tabs down toward the connector to secure the cable. 4. Repeat steps 1 through 3 for the 22-pin connector on the test board. To connect the test board to the computer Use the straight-through DB-9 serial cable to connect the test board to the computer. Connect the male end of the cable to the test board. Connect the female end of the cable to an available COM port on the computer. To insert the SIM card into the SIM card holder Warning: To prevent damage to your SIM card, do not scratch or bend the card or expose it to static electricity or wet conditions. Note: You must have a SIM card that is authorized for use by the appropriate GPRS network provider. The authorization must also allow access to the Access Point Name (APN) that will be targeted. 1. Turn the test board over to reveal the cut-out that provides access to the SIM card holder on the underside of the radio modem. Integrator Guide 29 Chapter 3: Setting up the test board Underside of the test board showing the on-board SIM card holder 2. 3. Slide the SIM card holder in the direction of the arrow to unlock it, and then lift the cover open. Slide the SIM card into the cover with the conductive side facing the leads on the board. The notched end of the SIM card should align with the notch in the SIM card holder. 4. Close the cover, and then slide the cover in the reverse direction of the arrow to lock it into place. To connect the antenna to the radio modem Note: If you connect the antenna before you connect the test board to an AC outlet, the unit detects network coverage more reliably. The Integrator Kit includes a high-performance, 3 dB-gain magmount antenna, which is terminated by a screw-on SMA plug. The radio modem includes a snap-on MMCX jack. 30 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Setting up the test board (GS models) 1. 2. Insert the antenna into the base and turn the antenna until the two components are securely fastened. Insert the SMA cable connector into the MMCX connector and turn the SMA connector until the two components are securely fastened. SMA cable connector and MMCX connector Insert the MMCX connector into the radio modems MMCX jack. 3. 4. Position the antenna for optimal coverage. The magmount antenna provides optimum RF performance when it is placed on a broad metal surface, such as the roof of a car. If you are using the antenna inside a building, for improved performance, place it near a window, with few obstacles (such as a wall, furniture, or equipment) between the antenna and the window. To connect the test board to an AC outlet Plug the 5VDC, 2.4A, center-pin-positive power adapter into a wall outlet. Connect the other end to the test boards power jack. To turn on the system Switch the power switch to the TURNON position to allow the radio modem to power up. When the radio is on, the LED marked ONI is lit. Refer to "Turning off and turning on the radio" on page 58 for more information. To connect the headset Insert the headset plug into the audio jack. Integrator Guide 31 Chapter 3: Setting up the test board Setting up the test board (G models) To use the test board that is provided with your Integrator Kit, you must connect the RIM GPRS Radio Modem to an antenna, SIM card, and computer (or another device with a RS-232 serial interface). Use the test board and cables that are supplied with your Integrator Kit. Note: These steps apply to off-board SIM models (G) only. Insert the SIM card into the SIM card holder. To set up the test board, complete these tasks in the following order:
1. Connect the SIM card to the test board. 2. Connect the radio modem to the test board. 3. Connect the test board to the computer. 4. 5. Connect the antenna to the radio modem. 6. Connect the test board to an AC outlet. 7. Turn on the system. 8. Connect the headset. The following graphic illustrates the G model test board and major components. 32 RIM GPRS Radio Modem power jack RS-232 interface 6-pin connector SIM card holder GPRS Radio Modem Setting up the test board (G models) microphone/
speaker jack on/off switch 22-pin connector cable test point LED indicator G model test board top view To connect the SIM card to the test board Note: This task only applies to the 1802G and 1902G models. The 6-pin flat SIM interface cable carries the data and power between the test board SIM slot and the radio modem. 1. Remove the radio modem from the test board: unfasten the nuts and lift the radio modem up and away from the test board. 2. On the underside of the modem, on the connector, push the two black tabs up from the connector to widen the opening. Integrator Guide 33 Chapter 3: Setting up the test board Underside of radio modem showing the 6-pin connector 3. With the blue side facing the test board, insert the end of the cable 6-pin cable into the connector. Verify that the side with the bare pins is in direct contact with the pin side of the connector. Note: Do not force the cable into the connector. 4. Push the black tabs down toward the connector to secure the cable. 5. Repeat steps 2 through 4 to connect the 6-pin connector to the test board. 6. Re-attach the radio modem to the test board. To connect the radio modem to the test board Note: This step is only necessary if the radio modem is not already connected to the test board. The 22-pin flat interface cable supplies clean, regulated power to the radio and carries most of the data and all of the voice between the test board and the radio modem. This cable also carries control and status signals, such as ONI. 1. At the top of the radio modem, push the two black tabs up and away from the connector. 34 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Setting up the test board (G models) Connecting the 22-pin cable to the radio modem 2. With the blue side facing the test board, insert the end of the 22-pin cable into the connector. Verify that the side with the bare pins is in direct contact with the pin side of the connector. Note: Do not force the cable into the connector. 3. At the top of the radio modem, push the black tabs down toward the connector to secure the cable. 4. Repeat steps 1 through 3 for the 22-pin connector on the test board. To connect the test board to the computer Use the straight-through DB-9 serial cable to connect the test board to the computer. Connect the male end of the cable to the test board. Connect the female end of the cable to the computers COM port. To insert the SIM card into the SIM card holder Warning: To prevent damage to your SIM card, do not scratch or bend the card or expose it to static electricity or wet conditions. Note: You must have a SIM card that is authorized for use by the appropriate GPRS network provider. The authorization must also allow access to the Access Point Name (APN) that will be targeted. 1. 2. Slide the SIM card holder in the direction of the arrow to unlock it, and then lift the cover open. Slide the SIM card into the cover with the conductive side facing the leads on the board. The notched end of the SIM card should align with the notch in the SIM card holder. 3. Close the cover, and then slide the cover in the reverse direction of the arrow to lock it into place. Integrator Guide 35 Chapter 3: Setting up the test board To connect the antenna to the radio modem Note: If you connect the antenna before you connect the test board to an AC outlet, the unit detects network coverage more reliably. The Integrator Kit includes a high-performance, 3 dB-gain magmount antenna, which is terminated by a screw-on SMA plug. The radio modem includes a snap-on MMCX jack. 1. Insert the antenna into the base and turn the antenna until the two components are securely fastened. Insert the SMA cable connector into the MMCX connector and turn the SMA connector until the two components are securely fastened. 2. SMA cable connector and MMCX connector Insert the MMCX connector into the radio modems MMCX jack. 3. 4. Position the antenna for optimal coverage. The magmount antenna provides optimum RF performance when it is placed on a broad metal surface, such as the roof of a car. If you are using the antenna inside a building, for improved performance, place it near a window, with few obstacles (such as a wall, furniture, or equipment) between the antenna and the window. To connect the test board to an AC outlet Plug the 5VDC, 2.4A, center-pin-positive power adapter into a wall outlet. Connect the other end to the test boards power jack. To turn on the system Switch the power switch to the TURNON position to allow the radio modem to power up. When the radio is on, the LED marked ONI is lit. Refer to "Turning off and turning on the radio" on page 58 for more information. To connect the headset Insert the headset plug into the audio jack. 36 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Chapter 4 Integrating the radio modem This section provides information on the following topics:
Overview
Environmental properties
Storage temperature
Operating temperature
Physical properties
Mounting methods
Cables and connectors Chapter 4: Integrating the radio modem Overview This section provides you with information on issues that you should consider when you are developing your applications hardware. You can use this information and the additional components provided with the Integrator Kit as a resource as you develop your applications hardware. The Integrator Kit includes several components that can help you develop your products housing and physically integrate the radio modem and associated hardware into your your application. These components consist of two 22-pin connector cables, two 6-pin connector cables (G models only), and two radio modem mechanical samples. Environmental properties Environmental testing ensures that RIM products can withstand both typical and extreme real-world conditions. During environmental testing, RIM takes samples of its radio modems and subjects them to a variety of harsh conditions. Each unit in the sample is also visually inspected after testing. This experience enables RIM to fine-tune its design and manufacturing process. Storage temperature The RIM GPRS Radio Modem can be stored at a temperature from -40 C to 85 C
(-40 F to 185 F). Operating temperature The RIM GPRS Radio Modem operates between -30 C to 75 C (-22 F to 158 F). Warning: You should warn end users not to exceed the upper temperature limit; doing so can result in performance degradation or damage to the power amplifier, especially during transmission. Physical properties Weight The RIM GPRS Radio Modem weighs 36 g (1.2 oz), including the case. 38 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Mounting methods Dimensions RIM radio modems meet stringent space requirements. The maximum dimensions of the radio modem, not including cables, are:
Width 42.0 mm (1.65 inches) Length 67.5 mm (2.66 inches) Thickness 8.4 mm (0.33 inches) Mounting methods RIM GPRS Radio Modems can be securely fastened using a variety of methods;
however, you must consider the operating environment when you choose a mounting option. For example, extreme temperature, heavy vibration, or areas with high electromagnetic interference can require a special mounting solution. You must make sure that the radio modem remains securely attached in the environment where it is used. This section describes the following mounting methods:
bolts or standoffs
tie wraps
permanent industrial adhesive Integrator Guide 39 Chapter 4: Integrating the radio modem The following information is presented as a guide; however, applications can vary considerably. A mechanical engineer can help you make sure that the mounting method that you choose is suitable for your application. Bolts or standoffs The radio modem includes a hole in each corner, which can be used to bolt the device onto a circuit board, device housing, standoffs, or other surface. The mounting hole pattern is four holes in a 62.5-by-36.5 mm rectangle, with each hole 2.5 mm in diameter. To allow room under the radio for components on your board, you can use standoffs instead of bolts, as illustrated in the following diagram. Tie wraps You can also use tie wraps as a secure but non-permanent means of attaching the radio modem to a surface. Typically, each tie wrap passes through a hole drilled into the boards surface on either side of the radio modem. This enables the radio to be attached to a shell, a PCB, or other mounting surfaces. 40 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Cables and connectors Warning: If you use tie wraps, make sure that the surface beneath the radio modem is flat. Otherwise, the mounting surface can push up on the bottom surface of the radio case, and the tie wraps, when tightened, can push down on the edge of the radio case. This pressure can cause the radio modems metal case to flex upward and short components inside the radio. To avoid this malfunction, you should not use thick adhesive foam tape and tie wraps together. Permanent industrial adhesive The RIM GPRS Radio Modem is small and lightweight enough to be attached to the host device using an industrial adhesive. For some applications, this mounting method is preferable to bolts, because adhesive is easier to use in a manufacturing environment and is more resistant to loosening than bolts. In many cases, an effective solution is to adhere the radio modem to the inside surface of your products casing. Choose an adhesive based on its ability to stick to the material used in the radio modems outer casing and the surface to which the radio modem will be mounted. The RIM GPRS Radio Modems bottom casing is magnesium. Note: You should choose foam tape for rough surfaces and adhesive tape for smooth surfaces. Cables and connectors The radio modem includes the following connectors:
radio interface connector
SIM interface connector (G models only)
antenna connector Radio interface cable and connector The radio interface connector connects the radio modem to a serial computing device, speaker and microphone, and power supply. Serial communication data, control signals, and power are carried on a flat 22-conductor 0.30 mm (0.012 inches) thick flexible printed circuit (FPC) cable. This cable has 1-mm centerline spacing that can plug into a matching connector. Because each application is unique, you may need to create a custom Flat Flex Cable
(FFC) Jumper that has the correct length and correct connector orientation for your application. Please refer to the diagram in the next section for FPC specifications. Integrator Guide 41 Chapter 4: Integrating the radio modem Note: The interface cable supplied with the Integrator Kit is a Type D 76.2 mm (3.0 inches) long FFC Jumper with 1 mm centerline spacing, Molex part number 210390382. This cable can plug into a matching 22-position 1.0 [0.039] horizontal FPC connector. AMP/Tyco Electronics manufactures a variety of connectors. For information about each connector, including mechanical drawings, visit the manufacturers web site (www.amp.com), or contact RIM (oemsupport@rim.net) for help selecting an appropriate connector for your application. SIM interface cable and connector Note: The SIM interface cable and connector are only required for the 1902G and 1802G models. The SIM interface cable and connector connects a SIM card to the radio modem. All SIM communication data and power are carried on a flat 6-conductor 0.30 mm
(0.012") thick flexible printed circuit (FPC) cable. This cable has 1.00 mm centerline spacing that can plug into a matching connector. Because each application is unique, you may need to create a custom Flat Flex Cable Jumper that has the correct length and connector orientation for your application. Please refer to the diagram below for FPC specifications. FPC interface cable specifications 42 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Cables and connectors Note: The 6-pin interface cable supplied with the Integrator Kit is a 76.2 mm (3.0") long Flat Flex Cable (FFC) Jumper with 1.00 mm centerline spacing and same side conductive surfaces, Parlex part number 100-6-76-B. This cable can plug into a matching 6-position 1.0 [0.039] horizontal FPC connector. A variety of connectors are manufactured by AMP/Tyco Electronics, including AMP part number 487951-6. For information about each connector, including mechanical drawings, visit the manufacturer's web site (www.amp.com), or contact RIM (oemsupport@rim.net) for help with selecting an appropriate connector for your application. Antenna cable and connectors The antenna cable and connector connects the antenna to the radio modem. RIM uses the industry-standard MMCX connector for the RIM GPRS Radio Modem. The MMCX connector is very small, and it has the mating force to withstand heavy vibration. Typically, an antenna does not plug directly into a RIM GPRS Radio Modem. Instead, a cable is used between the radios antenna connector and a second connector at the devices outer casing. This allows the antenna to be removed from the system without opening the device, and it eliminates a source of strain on the radios MMCX connector. The antenna cable that you use should have low loss, an impedance of 50 , and an MMCX plug that mates with the RIM GPRS Radio Modems MMCX jack. The other end of the cable can be any connector with an impedance of 50 . An SMA screw-on connector is suitable and widely available. TNC connectors are also suitable, but they are larger than SMA connectors. Note: The antenna cable supplied with the Integrator Kit has an MMCX connector on one end and an SMA connector on the other. The cable is built with strain reliefs to prevent damage. The following cable is included with the Integrator Kit:
Integrator Guide 43 Chapter 4: Integrating the radio modem Integrator Kit antenna cable Huber & Suhner provides antenna cables and connectors. The parts described below have an impedance of 50 and are suitable for use with the RIM GPRS Radio Modem. Part number Cable or connector 11MMCX-50-2-1C/111 Straight MMCX connector 16MMCX-50-2-1C/111 Right-angle MMCX connector 25SMA-50-2-25/111 SMA connector EZ Flex 405 Low-loss matching (50 W) cable 133REEZ4-12-S2/1216 8 cable, straight MMCX to SMA 133REEZ4-12-S2/1699 8 cable, right-angle MMCX to SMA Contact:
Huber & Suhner Essex Junction, VT, USA phone: (802) 878-0555 fax: (802) 878-9880 web site: www.hubersuhnerinc.com Huber & Suhner Kanata ON, Canada phone: (800) 627-2212 fax: (613) 596-3001 44 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Chapter 5 Power Requirements This section provides information on the following topics:
Load specifications
Power requirements
Batteries
Plug-in supplies
Automotive supplies Chapter 5: Power Requirements Load specifications The RIM GPRS Radio Modem draws its power in bursts; the power required changes rapidly depending on whether the radio is transmitting, receiving, or idle. Power supply parameters The RIM RIM GPRS Radio Modem requires a clean, stable 3.5 to 4.75 volt source that is capable of delivering a one-second burst of up to 2 A when it is required by the transmitter. RIM recommends that you design a more robust power supply that can provide adequate power under such non-ideal conditions as an improperly matched antenna, under which this burst could be as high as 2.2 A. If you want your RIM GPRS hardware integration to be fully compatible with the RIM 902M and RIM 802D radio modems, make sure that the power input to the radio modem is above 4.1 Volts. Please contact the RIM OEM Engineering Development team for further details on backwards compatibility. Ripple specification For best performance, RIM recommends ripple of less than 15 mV peak-to-peak
(measured at the radio end of the connector) across the frequency range 60 Hz to 1 MHz. The maximum ripple at the connector that can be tolerated is 20 mV peak-to-peak. Except in special cases where there are several sources of ripple, you should measure the ripple with an oscilloscope set to 1-MHz bandwidth; the peak-to-peak value is not to exceed 15 mV. Note: If there are several ripple components, or if ripple is measured with a larger (typically 20-MHz) bandwidth, the ripple appears to be worse than it is. If the ripple is still below 15 mV under these conditions, it meets the ripple specification. You can place a passive LC (series L, shunt C) power filter between your power supply and the RIM radio modem to reduce ripple at the radio connector. The radio modem already has approximately 70 F of on-board shunt capacity. The inductor cannot exceed 100 H (otherwise, transients could reset the radio), it must be rated to pass the maximum DC current of 2.2 A supply current at all temperatures, and its resistance must be low enough to guarantee minimum voltage of 3.5 V to the radio modem at 2.2 A. 46 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Power requirements Power requirements The RIM GPRS Radio Modem requires a clean power source that is capable of delivering bursts of high current. You can provide this power source through the following sources:
a rechargeable battery pack or single-use batteries
a plug-in power supply unit
an automotive supply These sources are discussed below. Batteries If the RIM GPRS Radio Modem is integrated into a handheld device, it can be powered by batteries. This technology is easily available, and it eliminates the need for power supply components, such as voltage regulators. Rechargeable batteries Nickel cadmium For battery-operated applications that require a wide operating temperature range, RIM recommends using rechargeable nickel cadmium (NiCad) batteries to power the RIM GPRS Radio Modem. You can also successfully use nickel metal hydride (NiMH) and lithium ion (Li+) cells. However, many of these cells work poorly at temperatures below freezing. Batteries specifications should be obtained from the manufacturer. The cells that you use must be able to meet the radio modem load specifications (refer to page 46); they must be able to provide 2.0 A (at 4.2 V) for transmission. Rechargeable cells vary considerably; even if two cells have the same published capacity, one might be less efficient than another when the radio transmitter is turned on. This is because some batteries have a higher equivalent series resistance (ESR) at high current drain. The ESR should be low enough that the battery can supply the transmission current required without a large voltage drop. Alkaline You can also use rechargeable alkaline batteries. These cells are typically rated for about 25 discharge cycles, far fewer than NiCads, but they provide longer life than NiCads. For the first five to ten cycles, you will receive about 70 to 80 percent of the battery life that you would expect from a single-use alkaline cell. After 25 discharges, this number may drop to 50 percent. Integrator Guide 47 Chapter 5: Power Requirements Warning: You must take precautions with alkaline rechargeable batteries. These cells are not intended to be used to their full capacity, so their actual useful runtime is closer to 30 to 40 percent of a single-use alkaline cell, and they require the user to pay closer attention to the battery state. If you fully discharge a rechargeable alkaline battery, you may only get five recharges before the capacity decreases to the point where it can no longer be used. Single-use batteries Of the single-use cells, only alkaline and lithium cells provide the high current necessary for transmission. However, AA alkaline cells are likely the best choice. They are inexpensive, widely available, and provide an excellent power source. Alkaline cells typically run for approximately four times longer than similar-size NiCad cells and for approximately three times longer than similar-size NiMH cells. Warning: RIM strongly discourages the use of general-purpose carbon-based batteries; this type of battery cannot supply the power required by the transmitter. These cells are more suited to flashlights and other products that do not have a load characteristized by bursts. If a carbon-based battery is used, the voltage drops below the minimum power required under load almost immediately following a radio transmission, which resets the radio each time it tries to transmit. You should recommend that users of your product use single-use batteries that are clearly identified as alkaline. Plug-in supplies A plug-in supply converts normal AC power (usually 110 V or 220 V) into a steady DC source that can be used instead of batteries. You must design your plug-in supply to make sure that voltage spikes, lightning, and other power fluctuations cannot damage the radio modem. To keep the inputs within the limits given in the radio modem load specifications (refer to page 46), you can add transient voltage protection zener diodes or other spike arrestor circuits. These should have a value of 20 V and be placed on the supply side of the regulator circuit. Preliminary indications suggest a supply capable of providing at least 3.5 V and rated for 2.2 A peak current is recommended. Final numbers are yet to be determined. Automotive supplies If you plan to power the RIM GPRS Radio Modem from an automotive supply, you must take steps to protect the radio modem from the intense power fluctuations that occur when an automobile starts. You should use a circuit that consists of inductors, transorbs and voltage regulators to make sure that the radio modem is protected from these power fluctuations. 48 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Automotive supplies Commonly, in automotive applications, voltages may be as high as 70 V on the battery, especially on startup. Commercial automotive adapters are available that safely convert the 12 V automotive supply to a regulated supply suitable for operating the RIM GPRS Radio Modem. Integrator Guide 49 Chapter 5: Power Requirements 50 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Chapter 6 Interface specification This section provides information on the following topics:
RIM GPRS Radio Modem interface
AT Commands
SIM Interface Pins
Radio Interface Pins
Turning off and turning on the radio
Loading firmware (optional) Chapter 6: Interface specification RIM GPRS Radio Modem interface The asynchronous serial interface on the RIM GPRS Radio Modem operates at 3.0V, which means that it is compatible with many existing system designs. The radio modem can be controlled by a wide variety of microcontrollers and microprocessors, such as the Intel 8051 or 80386, or Motorola 68000. In most cases, the RIM GPRS Radio Modem can be connected directly to a micro-controller, or through a Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART) to a microprocessor data bus. If the radio modem will be connected directly to a PC or other RS-232 device, an interface must be provided to convert the signal voltage to the higher values required by an RS-232 device. The RIM GPRS Radio Modem is compliant with GSM Phase 2/2+ specifications. For detailed information on the AT command structure, please refer to the RIM GPRS Radio Modem AT Command Reference Guide included in the Integrator Kit. AT Commands Command V.25ter GSM 07.07 GSM 07.05 for SMS GSM 07.07 for GPRS Description The V.25ter commands correspond to the basic commands of AT Hayes-compatible modems applicable for GSM 07.07. These commands include answering incoming calls, switching modes, and redialling. The GSM 07.07 commands are used to remotely control GSM functionality, including phone book functionality. These commands include selecting bearer service types, entering PINs, and changing passwords. The GSM 07.05 commands are used to perform short message service (SMS) and CBS related operations for both Text and PDU modes. These commands include deleting, transmitting, and saving SMS messages. The GSM 07.07 for GPRS AT commands are required for all GPRS functionality, including PDP context definitions and activations quality of service (QoS) definitions and requests GPRS attaches and detaches, PDP address retrieval GPRS Mobile Station class retrieval event reporting, network registration status retrieval, and SMS. 52 RIM GPRS Radio Modem SIM interface pins SIM interface pins Note: The SIM interface Pins only apply to models with off-board SIM cards. This section describes the purpose of each of the 6 lines that comprise the SIM interface to the 1902G and 1802G radio modems. All SIM Interface lines are 3.0 volt logic. The 1902G and 1802G radio modems software polls the SIM card to confirm its presence. Note: For proper operation, the SIM connector cable should be no more than 10cm long. The VPP line on the SIM card connector can be shorted with the VCC line to continue proper operation. Pin Description 1 2 3 4 5 6 VCC. This line supplies the SIM with power. Verify that it leads to the VCC pin of the SIM card connector. It may be necessary to filter noise on the line to prevent a fault from occurring. Please refer to the diagram in the next section as an example. Reset. This is an output from the radio. Verify that it leads to the Reset pin of the SIM card connector. Clock. This is an output from the radio. Verify that it leads to the Clock pin of the SIM card connector. Input/Output. This is a bidirectional line between the SIM card connector and the RIM GPRS Radio Modem. Verify that it leads to the I/O pin of the SIM card connector. SIM Detect. The active state of this line is high. This line should be asserted in order to ensure the radio modem can detect the SIM card. Ground. This is an input to the radio. Short this line to the GND pin of the SIM card connector. The following diagram shows an example of how the SIM was incorporated onto the RIM Integrated Test Board:
Integrator Guide 53 Chapter 6: Interface specification Radio Interface Pins SIM test board integration This section describes the purpose of each of the 22 lines that comprise the radio interface to the RIM GPRS Radio Modem. Serial port The serial port uses pins 13 and 22 to transmit and receive and may be used only by a custom application that resides on the radio modem itself (not by AT and data traffic). Flow control lines are provided for only the primary serial port. Note: The symbol ~ before the label indicates that line is an active low digital signal. Pin descriptions The following table lists each pin and describes it in detail. Pin Label Description 1 2 3 4 MIC N MIC P Analog Microphone Input Negative This is an analog input to the radio. Analog Microphone Input Positive This is an analog input to the radio. SPK N Analog Speaker Negative SPK P Analog Speaker Positive 54 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Radio Interface Pins Pin Label 5 6 AGND COV 7, 8 Description Analog Ground This is an analog ground for the radio. Coverage This line is a digital output from the radio. The active state of this line is high and indicates that the radio modem is in network coverage, as determined by the presence of a signal from the network base station. When the radio modem does not have contact with the wireless network, this line is low. Power supply These pins supply power to the radio. Since the current requirement during transmission exceeds the current rating of a single line, both lines 7 and 8 should be connected to the power supply. Supplying power to these two lines allows the radio to turn on. 9 GND Ground This line should be tied to the system ground of the computing device to ensure proper operation. Pin 18 should also be connected to ground. 10 TURNON 11 ONI 12 TRI Turn Radio On This line is an input to the radio. This line turns on the radio unit. It is a digital signal that eliminates the need for an on/off switch for the power supply to the radio modem. This is a 3.0 V input to the radio, and is not 5.0 V tolerant. Refer to "Turning off and turning on the radio" on page 57 for more information. On Indicate This line is a digital output from the radio that indicates that the radio is on and operational. This line can be used by a computing device to qualify the handshaking outputs on the serial interface. If CTS is low, and ONI is high, then the unit is ready to receive data, but if CTS is low and ONI is low, then the radio modem is not ready to receive data because it is off. When ONI is low, all inputs to the radio modem should be held low or disconnected. Otherwise, power is consumed and wasted. Transmit Indicate The active (radio transmitting) state of this line is high. This output from the radio modem is asserted while the radio is transmitting a packet to the network base station. TRI has a built-in current limiter that enables it to directly drive an LED , which provides real-time visual feedback that the radio is transmitting packets. If this is not necessary, you can leave the line disconnected. This line supplies 3 mA to a standard LED, and is short-circuit protected. This line is low when the radio modem is off. Integrator Guide 55 Chapter 6: Interface specification Pin Label 13 RX2 14
~RI 15
~CTS 16
~RTS 17
~DSR Description Secondary Receive This line is meaningful only as part of a debug port primarily for RIM internal use.
~Ring Indicate This line is an output from the radio modem. It indicates an incoming call on the serial line. When ~DTR is not asserted (high), the radio modem asserts ~RI (low) to indicate that it has data waiting for the computing device. The radio modem does not transfer the data until ~DTR is asserted (low). This line can be used to wake up a suspended computing device when the radio modem needs to communicate with it. If ~DTR is already asserted (low) when the radio modem has data to send the computing device, ~RI is not asserted.
~Clear To Send This line is a digital output from the radio modem to the computing device. The active (clear to send) state of this line is low. When asserted low by the radio modem, this line indicates that it is ready to receive data from the computing device. While this line is high, any data sent from the computing device to the RIM GPRS Radio Modem may be lost. This line is a flow control mechanism that is normally reacted to by the UART in your serial communication system. If you do not plan to use it, leave ~CTS disconnected.
~Request To Send This line is an input to the radio modem. The active, request to send, state of this line is low. This line should be asserted low by the computing device to indicate that it is ready to receive data from the radio modem. This is a flow control mechanism that is normally handled by the UART in your serial communication system. If you do not connect this line to your UART, it must be tied low so that it is permanently asserted and enables communication. If your device buffer overflows, it should set RTS inactive to signal the radio modem to pause sending data. There might be a 16-byte overrun after the RTS line is made inactive, so your device should set RTS inactive at least 16 bytes before any critical buffer overflows.
~Data Set Ready This line is a digital output from the radio modem. The active, data set ready (DSR), state of this line is low. Your computing device can use DSR as a confirmation that the radio modem knows the state of the terminal.. 18 GND Ground This line should be tied to the system ground of the host unit to ensure proper operation. Pin 9 should also be connected to ground. 56 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Turning off and turning on the radio Pin Label 19
~DTR 20 TX 21 RX Description
~Data Terminal Ready This line is a digital input to the radio. The active, data terminal ready (DTR), state of this line is low, and indicates that the computing device is ready to receive data from the radio modem. De-asserting this line high turns communication off; the radio modem does not attempt to deliver data to the computing device until ~DTR is again asserted low. If you do not intend to use ~DTR, tie it to ground to ensure that it is always asserted during radio modem operation. This line should be deasserted when the radio modem is off. Driving ~DTR low when the radio modem is off will consume unnecessary power. Transmitted data This is an input to the radio. Its idle (no serial transmit activity) state is high. This line is an asynchronous serial input to the radio modem, and should be connected to the host terminal's Transmit Data output. This line carries data at a maximum of 115 200 bits per second. Parameters are 8 bits, No parity, 1 stop bit. This baud rate can be changed using the AT+IPR=<rate> AT command. Received data This line is an output from the radio modem. Its idle (no serial receive activity) state is high. This line is an asynchronous serial output from the radio modem, and should be connected to the host terminals Receive Data input. This line carries data at at a maximum of 115 200 bits per second. Parameters are 8 bits, No parity, 1 stop bit. The baud rate can be changed using the AT+IPR=<rate> AT command. 22 TX2 Secondary Transmit This line is for RIM internal use only. Warning: All unused inputs to the radio should be tied to ground, and any unused outputs from the radio should be left disconnected. Turning off and turning on the radio To determine the current state of the radio, observe the ONI line. If ONI is high, the radio is on or is in the process of shutting down. If ONI is low, the radio is off or in the process of turning on. The TURNON pin is a digital signal that turns the radio on and off. It eliminates the need for a power switch across the power supply to the radio. TURNON also enables and disables the serial port. Integrator Guide 57 Chapter 6: Interface specification Turning on the radio You can turn the radio modem on by setting TURNON to high. The following considerations are related to turning on the radio:
During the RIM GPRS Radio Modems startup procedure, which can take several seconds, all changes to TURNON are ignored by the operating system.
Do not use TURNON to indicate radio status. ONI must be used as the indicator of the radio status. It is possible for the radio to be off even though TURNON is asserted. In this case, you can turn on the radio by setting TURNON low and then high again.
If the radio fails to respond to a high TURNON line, the radio may require service or the power supplied to the radio may be too low for proper operation. Turning off the radio The RIM GPRS Radio Modem requires a controlled shutdown. You can turn the radio modem off by de-asserting TURNON. The following considerations are related to turning off the radio:
During the RIM GPRS Radio Modems shutdown procedure, which can take several seconds, all changes to TURNON are ignored by the operating system.
Do not use the TURNON state to indicate radio status. ONI must be used to indicate radio status. It is possible for the radio to be on even though TURNON is de-asserted. In this case, you can turn off the radio by setting TURNON high and then low again.
To make sure that power consumption is reduced to the lowest possible levels, all inputs to the radio should be low when the radio is turned off.
Data that has been received by a RIM GPRS Radio Modem from the network, but has not been transferred to the computing device, will not be saved. The data will be lost when the unit begins shutdown or is turned off.
It is only necessary to remove power from pins 7 and 8 if the application is very power constrained. Resetting the Radio RIM recommends that you incorporate a method to remove power from pins 7 and 8 on the radio modem during the development and prototype phase. This will enable the device to perform a hard reset of the radio modem, which can be useful in some debugging testing situations. 58 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Loading firmware (optional) Loading firmware (optional) RIM firmware controls the operation of the radio modem. RIM is committed to the quality of its firmware, and may periodically make improvements or optimizations to it. The radio modem is designed so that loading revised firmware is not required; two RIM GPRS radio modems with different firmware revisions will always be able to communicate with each other, and with the same fixed servers, through the wireless network. Nevertheless, you may choose to design your application in such a way that allows the RIM firmware to be updated after your product is deployed in the field. Because of its large size, firmware cannot be updated over the air. If you decide to implement the ability to update the firmware after the radio modem is deployed, RIM can provide a command-line programming utility that loads firmware into the radio modem. If your device is not MS-DOS-based, the programming utility must reside on a PC or laptop that is connected through its COM port to the radio modems RX and TX lines. This means that the RX and TX lines are brought out to an external connector, and a switch is required to select whether the radio modem is connected to your processor or to the external programming computer. Other lines that are required during reprogramming are DTR (must be asserted low) and GND. This external serial port can also be useful for FCC certification testing, and it is highly recommended that this be incorporated into at least one device designated for testing purposes. Integrator Guide 59 Chapter 6: Interface specification 60 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Chapter 7 Antenna selection This section provides information on the following topics:
Introduction to antenna terminology
Selecting an antenna
Antenna requirements
Antenna design considerations
Shielding Chapter 7: Antenna selection Introduction to antenna terminology This section introduces some of the terminology that is used to describe antennas, and expands on the summary of antenna requirements that are described below (refer to page 64). Gain and ERP Antennas produce gain by concentrating radiated energy in certain areas, and radiating less energy in other directions. The amount of gain depends on the radiation pattern, antenna match, and antenna efficiency. Antenna gain is given as a rating of the maximum increase in radiated field energy density relative to a dipole antenna, expressed in decibels of power gain (dBd). A dipole is a balanced antenna consisting of two radiators that are each a quarter-wavelength, making a total of a half-wavelength. The widespread use of half-wave dipole antennas at VHF and UHF has led to the use of a half-wave dipole as the reference element. At the antenna port, the output power of the RIM GPRS Radio Modem is as high as 1.0 W at the antenna port. The antenna gain (or loss) results in an increase (or decrease) in this value. The actual output from the antenna is called the Effective Radiated Power (ERP). For example, if the radio modem delivers 2.0 W of power to a 2.3 dBd gain antenna, the ERP is 2.0 10^(2.310) = 3.4 W, the actual power radiated by the antenna in the direction of maximum gain and polarization. Impedance matching, return loss, and VSWR The antenna, cables, and connectors in a radio frequency system must all possess the same impedance. The impedance required by the RIM GPRS Radio Modem is 50 , which is a widely-available industry standard. Any deviation from this value may result in impedance mismatch and signal loss. Impedance mismatch can also be caused by cable connections, cable lengths, and imperfections in the cables and connectors. The mismatch causes some of the radio frequency energy to be reflected back from the mismatch location. This reflection interferes with the signal and reduces its amplitude, which results in power loss. Antenna mismatch can be expressed as a Return Loss (RL), which is the ratio of reflected power to the incident power, expressed in decibels. 62 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Selecting an antenna RL =
10 log P reflected P output 10 Equation 1: Return Loss The Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) is another way to express the ratio of incident power (from the radio modem) to reflected power (into the radio modem). VSWR =
P
+1 reflected P 1 - P reflected P output output Equation 2: VSWR VSWR = 1 or RL = -dB is a perfect match. In practice, imperfections are inevitable, which means that VSWR will be greater than 1 and RL will be a negative number. VSWR and RL normally vary as a function of frequency. Antenna size The optimal antenna radiation efficiency is produced by an antenna measuring one wavelength, l. The value of l for the RIM GPRS Radio Modem is calculated by dividing the speed of light c = 3 x 108 m/s by the center frequency. Antenna lengths of /2, /4, and /8 also work well, and usually result in a relatively well matched antenna. /2 or /4 can be electrically shortened by adding load matching elements to control the antenna match. However, this shortening will reduce the antenna efficiency and, therefore, the effective radiated power. Selecting an antenna The antenna is one of the most important components of a wireless communication system. The right antenna will maximize the coverage area of the RIM radio modem. The antenna that you choose should suit your projects needs. There are many different antenna types and options that will meet your engineering and user requirements and remain within budget constraints. We strongly recommend that you use an experienced antenna provider in order to realize the highest gain possible. A well-designed antenna solution will maximize your applications efficiency, coverage area, and battery life. Integrator Guide 63 Chapter 7: Antenna selection Antenna manufacturers have designed and manufactured a wide variety of antennas for use on the GPRS network and for other radio-frequency (RF) systems operating in the same frequency range. RIM does not recommend specific antennas because the choice of antenna is application-dependent. An antennas performance depends on its configuration and environment; the same antenna behaves differently from device to device, even if these devices use the same RIM radio modem. For example, a magmount antenna might be suitable for some applications, because it includes a magnetic base that clamps the antenna onto a metal surface. This surface is called a ground plane, and it reflects electromagnetic radiation that would otherwise be lost to the antenna. This reflection effectively doubles the length of the antenna by creating a virtual mirror image of the antenna beneath the plane. Antenna requirements The antenna system used with the RIM GPRS Radio Modem has the following minimum requirements:
For the RIM GPRS Radio Modem hardware integration to be fully compatible with the RIM 902M and RIM 802D radio modems, the antenna must be modular.
GPRS has several frequency bands, 1900, 1800, 900, and 850, each of which requires its own antenna.
GPRS, Mobitex, and DataTAC networks have different center frequencies. If the same antenna is used for all three networks, receiver sensitivity is reduced. Contact the RIM OEM Engineering Development team for more information on backward compatibility.
The RIM GPRS Radio Modem requires an impedance of 50 . Antenna design considerations Proper antenna positioning maximizes the gain provided by the antenna. When you determine the proper antenna position, consider the environment in which the device will be used. Physical devices can vary significantly, and incorporating the antenna is an integral part of a successful design. When you are designing an antenna, you should consider the following issues:
vertical polarization
proximity to active electronics
transmit interference
device position
antenna cable 64 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Antenna design considerations These issues are discussed below. Vertical polarization Because the GPRS network is based on a vertically polarized radio-frequency transmission, the applications antenna should be oriented vertically and upward when the radio modem is in use. In small, hand-held devices, a user-friendly design would allow the antenna to be folded out of the way when it is not in use. Proximity to active electronics You should position the antenna as far from the computing devices active electronics as possible. Metal construction in a computing devices case and internal components may attenuate the signal in certain directions, which reduces the radio modems sensitivity and transmit performance when the computing device is held or positioned in certain orientations. However, the judicious use of metal in the construction of a ground plane for an antenna can significantly improve the antenna gain and the systems coverage. Transmit interference To prevent interference from the antenna into the radio modem during transmit, the antenna must be placed a minimum 2 cm (0.8) away from the radio modem. For best performance, the antenna should be placed more than 5 cm (2) away from the radio modem. Device position If the computing device is designed to sit on a surface, the antenna should be as far from the bottom of the device as possible. This reduces radio-frequency (RF) reflections when the device is placed on a metal surface. When the computing device is hand-held or is worn next to the users body, the antenna should be positioned to radiate away from the body. Otherwise, the body absorbs the radiated energy and the effective coverage area of the radio is reduced. Positioning the antenna away from the body also helps the device meet the FCCs RF exposure (SAR/MPE) requirements. Integrator Guide 65 Chapter 7: Antenna selection Antenna cable For best results, the antenna should be connected directly to the antenna cable. If you require an extension cable, it should be low loss, as short as possible, and have an impedance of 50 . You must use a proper matching connector, because each connector in the signal path introduces a return loss and reduces performance. Additional notes The following additional notes are provided courtesy of Larsen Antenna Technologies:
There are a number of critical issues to consider when integrating antennas into portable RF systems. It is important to make allowances early in the design process to optimize performance and provide flexibility in antenna choice. Generally, it is prudent to position the antenna up and away from the radio modem and printer motors to maximize noise reduction and receiver desensitivity. Other high noise areas to be avoided include displays and keypads that can seriously degrade antenna performance. Advances in antenna shielding techniques may also be incorporated to retain the integrity of the system.
Mechanical issues for an integrated antenna revolve around proper cable routing and use of service loops to provide uninhibited antenna rotation if needed. The ability to position the antenna in a manner which will result in antenna deformation, impact resistance and aesthetic requirements must also be considered to design a workable form factor. The option to position the antenna vertically when in use so that performance is optimized is another consideration which can be limiting and a true consideration when choosing to use off-the-shelf solutions.
Custom antenna solutions may be worthy of consideration for some projects. In some applications, custom designed antennas have shown performance increases of up to 2 dB when compared to quality off-the-shelf solutions. The cost of a custom design and resulting production can be as cost efficient as an off-the-shelf solution for projects requiring quantities as low as 20,000 antennas. The use of state-of-the-art antenna theory, printed circuit technology, and application of evolving concepts can produce antennas with reduced sized without compromising performance.
Examining the options available, and choosing an antenna early in the development process, can only benefit the performance and aesthetic appeal of a product. The engineering staff at Larsen Antenna Technologies are experts in this field with over 30 years of experience in helping OEMs reach their antenna design and production objectives. 66 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Shielding Shielding RIM GPRS Radio Modems electrical design provides high immunity to radio-frequency (RF) noise, also called electromagnetic interference (EMI). The metal casing also acts as a shield that helps to minimize the effect of RF interference that originates in the computing device to which it is attached. The metal casing also prevents the RIM radio modem from emitting RF energy into the computing device and disrupting the computing devices operation. Consequently, you do not need to provide any additional RF shielding between the radio modem and a computing device, unless the environment contains an extreme level of RF noise. In fact, additional RF shielding is less important than making sure that the radio modems power supply is free of high-frequency electrical noise. The antenna must be positioned so that the radiated energy is directed away from the computing device. If your application does not permit this positioning, RF shielding may be required between the antenna and the computing device. Note: Circuits with a high impedance, and sensitive analog circuits, are especially vulnerable to nearby radio frequency emissions, and may need to be shielded. Circuits like CRTs and LCD display drivers are most often affected. Integrator Guide 67 Chapter 7: Antenna selection 68 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Chapter 8 Certification This section provides information on the following topics:
FCC radio frequency exposure rules
Complying with FCC SAR/MPE guidelines Chapter 8: Certification FCC radio frequency exposure rules Based on FCC rules 2.1091 and 2.1093 and FCC Guidelines for Human Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields, OET Bulletin 65, and its Supplement C, all integrations of the RIM GPRS Radio Modem are subject to routine environmental evaluation for radio-frequency (RF) exposure prior to equipment authorization or use. For portable devices, defined in accordance with FCC rules as transmitting devices designed to be used within 20 cm of the user body under normal operating conditions, RF evaluation must be based on Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) limits in W/kg. SAR is a measurement of the rate of energy absorption per unit mass of body tissue. For mobile devices, defined as transmitting devices designed to be generally used such that a separation distance of at least 20 cm is maintained between the body of the user and the transmitting radiated structure, the human exposure to RF radiation can be evaluated in terms of Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) limits for field strength or power density in mW/cm2. Complying with FCC SAR/MPE guidelines Antenna If the RIM GPRS Radio Modem is integrated in a vehicle, and the Eclipse magmount antenna is used, the MPE limits are not exceeded provided that the antenna is installed at least 20 cm from any edge of the vehicle rooftop. This can be accomplished by making it mandatory for customers to put a prominent warning in their user manual, which warns installers to properly mount the antenna in the centre of the vehicle rooftop. The user should also be warned to maintain the minimum required distance from the antenna. Note: The FCC grant for the RIM GPRS Radio Modem does not limit or restrict it to operating in vehicle-mount configurations. However, in a non-vehicle situation you may need to provide semi-fixed installation procedures for magmount antennas to make sure that the MPE separation distances are met for satisfying grant conditions and to overcome mobility issues caused by such antennas. Warning: It is mandatory for portable end-products, such as handheld and body-worn devices, to comply with FCC RF radiation requirements SAR limit. The submission to the FCC should include end product information, end product SAR/MPE test report, and a reference to the RIM module FCC ID for all other Part22 and 24 requirements. 70 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Complying with FCC SAR/MPE guidelines For information on labs for SAR/MPE testing, visit http://www.rim.net/oem. During the SAR/MPE testing, the RIM testing software resides on an external computer that must be able to directly communicate with the radio modem. The device that you submit can meet this requirement one of the following ways:
The device you submit for testing must have an external connector that can be used to connect the radio modem to a computer.
If your device can run DOS-based programs, RIM can provide a DOS-based utility that joins two COM ports. This utility is useful if the radio modem might be connected to a handheld devices internal COM 4 port.
The device has an external RS-232 serial connection to COM 1.
The device has a virtual link between the two COM ports, so that an external device connected to COM 1 can communicate with the radio modem connected to the internal COM 4, which eliminates the need to remove the radio from the handheld device. SAR and MPE limits General Population/
Uncontrolled exposure 1.6 W/kg for partial body exposure, averaged over 1 g of tissue 4 W/kg for hands, wrists and feet averaged over 10 g of tissue Note: The 1.6 W/kg limit applies for most RIM radio modems. Occupational/
Controlled exposure 8 W/kg for partial body 20 W/kg for hands, wrists and feet. MPE PCS 1900 MHz band: 1 mW/cm2 GSM 850 MHz band: 0.56 mW/cm2 Guidelines RF exposure distance is based on normal operating proximity to the users or nearby persons body. This distance is measured from any part of a radiating structure, which is generally the antenna, to the closest body part. If antennas other than those tested by RIM are used, a set of tests must be performed to determine the passing distance that meets the SAR exposure limits for handheld, body-worn, and portable devices, or MPE exposure limits for vehicular and mobile devices. Operating manual compliance statement For mobile and vehicular devices, Integrators should include a statement in their operation, user, and/or installation manual that informs users of RF exposure issues and make sure that bystanders keep a passing distance from the antenna while it Integrator Guide 71 Chapter 8: Certification transmits. Integrators should provide instructions or diagrams in the manual for proper antenna mounting and position, when applicable, to make sure that the antenna is a safe exposure distance to the operator and nearby persons. For handheld, body-worn, and portable devices, separate FCC approval is required to be in compliance with FCC RF exposure guidelines with respect to the SAR limits. Labelling Compliance with respect to SAR limits which satisfy MPE limits would not require warning labels, but you can use an RF radiation warning label to alert the user or nearby persons about abnormal usage conditions. Installation instructions should, at a minimum, specify the correct mounting procedure on a ground plane, and recommend positioning the antenna so that the minimum distance is kept from any edge of the vehicle rooftop. For more information Sections 2.1091 and 2.1093 of the FCC Rules, which govern RF exposure limits, are available at:
web site: http://www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/index.html by searching for 47CFR2.1091 and 47CFR2.1093. Bulletin 65 and its Supplement C, issued by the FCC RF Safety Group (Office of Engineering and Technology), is available at:
web site: http://www.fcc.gov/oet/info/documents/bulletins/#65 You can obtain further information concerning FCC regulations, including RF exposure limits, by contacting the RF Safety Group:
phone: (202) 418-2464 email: rfsafety@fcc.gov web site: http://www.fcc.gov/oet/rfsafety You can also contact the FCC Call Centre:
phone: 1-888-CALL-FCC (1-888-225-5322) You can contact the RIM Engineering Development:
phone: (519) 888-7465 email: oemsupport@rim.net 72 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Chapter 9 Specifications This section provides information on the following topics:
Power supply & typical current usage
Mechanical & environmental properties Chapter 9: Specifications Power supply & typical current usage Power supply single power supply Operating range 3.5 to 4.75V DC Transmit mode up to 2 A (at 4.2V, output 1.0W) RF properties 1902 models 1802 models Transmit frequency 1850 - 1910 MHz 824 - 829 MHz 1800 MHz 890 - 915 MHz Transmit power 1.0 W nominal maximum transmit power at antenna port 1.0 W at 1800 MHz 2.0 W at 900 MHz Receive frequency 1930 - 1990 MHz 869 - 894 MHz 1805 - 1880 MHz 935 - 960 MHz Receiver sensitivity typical -107 dBm 2.4% bit error rate (BER) typical -107 dBm 2.2439% bit error rate (BER) Multislot Class 8 8 Note: As defined in the GSM specifications, the radio modems transmitter can reduce output power when it is near a base station. Serial communications Serial ports 3.0V asynchronous Second 3-wire serial port (TX, RX, GND) Link speed 1200 to 115 200 bps Other features
ARM Processor running at 32.5 MHz
Software can activate/deactivate radio 74 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Mechanical & environmental properties
Flow control options:
Hardware
Xon/Xoff
None
Radio parameters stored at power down
Terminal devices may power-down while radio-modem remains operational
Fully shielded metal enclosure Mechanical & environmental properties Weight 36 g (1.2 oz), including case Footprint 42.0 by 67.5 mm (1.65" x 2.66") Thickness 8.4 mm (.33") 3.0V interface connectors 22 pin Flexible Printed Circuit (FPC) connector 6 pin FPC connector (GS models only) Antenna cable connector MMCX Casing metal
-30C to +75C (at 5-95% relative humidity, non-condensing)
-40C to +85C Operating temperature Storage temperature Audio Note: The following audio functionality is not supported:
automatic gain control (your design should include noise suppression)
hands free
echo cancellation Integrator Guide 75 Chapter 9: Specifications Gain setting Uplink 0 to 22.5 dB in step of 1.5 dB Downlink
-36 to 9 dB in step of 1.5 dB Frequency response (voiceband filter) 0 -100 Hz 200 Hz 300 - 3350 Hz 3400 Hz 4000 Hz max of -34 dB Typ of -1.1 min -0.2 dB max 0.1 dB typ of -0.7 dB typ of -39 dB
>=4400 Hz
-75 dB Group delay 500 - 2500Hz min 300 us max 600 us Input/output impedance Input 124 kohm Output minimum 330 ohm (single-ended) 15 ohm (differential) maximum 470 pF (single-ended) 100 pF (differential) Signal to (noise + distortion) Voiceband ADC minimum 69 dB (PGA=0dB) typical 77 dB Voiceband DAC minimum 47 dB (PGA=0dB) 76 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Chapter 10 Glossary Chapter 10: Glossary Term Meaning APN CBS dB FPC Gain GMSK GPRS GSM IP MMCX Access Point Name. GPRS network provider's name for a given external network. Cell Broadcast Service. Unacknowledged general short messages to all receivers within a defined geographical area Decibel measures power based on a logarithmic scale. 10 dB = 10 times, 3 dB = 2 times, 10 dB = 0.1 times. Flexible Printed Circuit. The interface cable on the RIM GPRS Radio Modem is made using this type of flat multi-conductor wiring. Also known as FFC (Flat Flex Cable). In this document, refers to increase/decrease in radiated power. The modulation scheme used by airlink communication on GPRS communication. Allows theoretical data rates of 14.4 kbps per timeslot. General Packet Radio Service. The IP-based data network that supplements the existing GSM voice networks throughout the world. Global System for Mobile Communications. A second generation voice communication network standard accepted throughout the world. Internet Protocol. Standard network layer protocol used over many networks including the GPRS network and the Internet. The connector on the RIM GPRS Radio Modem to which an antenna cable is connected. Network Operator The corporation or agency that installs, maintains and authorizes use of a GPRS network in a given area, usually within one country. Noise OEM OSI Undesired, random interference combining with the signal. If the device is not immune to noise, the interference must be overcome with a stronger signal strength. Noise can be produced by electronic components. Original Equipment Manufacturer. Usually implies that the OEM product carries another manufacturers name. The RIM GPRS Radio Modem is designed to be embedded in OEM terminals, PCs, and data gathering equipment. The Open Systems Interconnection model allows different systems, following the applicable standards, to communicate openly with each another. 78 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Term Polarity Meaning Direction of current flow. Connecting some cables with the wrong polarity (i.e. backward) may damage the device. QoS Quality Of Service. Radio Modem A device that provides modulation and demodulation for a radio frequency communications system. Radiation In this document, refers to electromagnetic energy emitted in the radio frequency (RF) band. Return Loss A measure of antenna matching. RF RS-232 RSSI SIM SMS TTL UART VSWR Radio Frequency. The standard asynchronous serial communications interface used by most existing personal computers and mini-computers. Usually refers to both the communications protocol and the electrical interface. Received Signal Strength Indicator. A high RSSI represents a strong signal received by the radio modem from the base station. Subscriber Identity Module. A SIM is necessary in order to activate a GSM/GPRS device on the network. Short Message Service. Messaging services over the circuit-switched GSM networks, up to a maximum of 160 characters. Transistor-Transistor Logic. Used in digital circuits. Low (0) is represented by 0 V and High (1) by 5 V. The RIM RIM GPRS Radio Modem uses 3.0V for High. Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter. Used as an interface between a microprocessor and a serial port. Voltage Standing Wave Ratio. A measure of antenna matching. Refer to
"Antenna selection" on page 61 for more information. Integrator Guide 79 Chapter 10: Glossary 80 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Index Numerics 22-pin interface cable connecting, 28, 34 illustration, 29, 35 6-pin connector illustration, 34 6-pin interface cable connecting, 33 A AC outlet adhesive, industrial, 41 alkaline batteries overview, 47 warning, 48 amplitude, 62 antenna, 64 connecting the test board, 31, 36 cable, 43, 64, 66 connectors, 43 device position, 64 distance from radio modem, 65 ERP, 62 extension cables, 66 gain, 62, 65 ground plane, 64 impedance, 62 introduction to terminology, 62 magmount, 64 matching, 63 MMCX connector, 31, 36, 43 modularity, 64 MPE limits, 70 orientation, 65 position, 65 positioning, 31, 36, 64 proximity to active electronics, 65 radiation efficiency, 63 return loss, 62, 79 RF exposure requirements, 65 selecting, 63 shielding, 67 size, 63 SMA plug, 30, 36, 43 transmit interference, 64, 65 vertical polarization, 64, 65 VSWR, 62, 79 antenna cable impedance, 43 in integrator kit, 43 Integrator Kit, 44 part numbers, 44 antenna development, overview, 23 arrestor circuits, 48 AT Commands, 52 attenuation, 65 audio frequency response, 76 gain setting, 76 input/output impedance, 76 signal to (noise + distortion), 76 specifications, 75 automotive supplies adapters, 48 power fluctuations, 48 B batteries alkaline, 47 equivalent series resistance, 47 nickel cadmium, 47 overview, 47 recommended, 48 single-use, 48 battery bolts, 40 conserving power, 16 Integrator Guide 81 Index C cable antenna, 66 radio interface, 41 SIM interface, 42 cables serial, 41 certification Industry Canada, 6 certification testing, 59 Class B compliance, 6 Clock SIM interface pin, 53 compliance Class B, 6 FCC statement, 6 contacting RIM, 11, 20, 22 COV pin, 55 coverage antenna positioning, 31, 36 CTS pin, 56 D development process antenna development, 23 FCC certification, 23 field trials, 23 power supply development, 23 printed circuit board development, 23 software development, 23 development process, overview, 21 dimensions, 39 DSR pin, 57 DTR pin, 57, 59 E Effective Radiated Power, 62 environmental properties specifications, 75 environmental testing, 38 equations return loss, 63 VSWR, 63 equivalent series resistance, 47 ESR, 47 certification testing, 59 compliance statement, 6 interference requirements, 6 MPE limits, 70, 71, 72 F FCC 82 SAR limits, 70, 71, 72 FCC certification, 23 getting started, 22 overview, 23 pre-design research, 22 Federal Communications Commission, 59 field trials, overview, 23 firmware, loading, 59 FPC cable, 41 frequency VSWR, 63 frequency response, specifications, 76 G G model test board, illustration, 33 gain, 65 gain setting specifications, 76 General Packet Radio Service, 16 Global System for Mobile Communication, 16 GND pin, 55, 57, 59 GPRS radio modem batteries, 47 bottom casing, 41 environmental testing, 38 GSM compliance, 52 integration overview, 38 integration possibilities, 15 MMCX jack, 30, 36 mounting, 39 mounting methods, 40, 41 noise immunity, 15 operating temperature, 38 power requirements, 46, 47 power supply parameters, 46 radio interface, 54 receiver sensitivity, 15 serial interface, 52 single board design, 16 size, 16, 39 specifications, 74 storage temperature, 38 transmitter, 16 GPRS radio modem specifications dimensions, 39 weight, 38 GPRS, countries with, 17 Ground SIM interface pin, 53 GS model test board, illustration, 28 GSM, 16 H headset RIM GPRS Radio Modem connecting, 31, 36 loading, firmware, 59 I illustrations 22-pin interface cable, 29, 35 6-pin connector, 34 antenna MMCX connector, 31, 36 FPC interface cable specifications, 42 G model test board, 33 GS model test board, 28 Integrator Kit antenna cable, 44 radio modem underside, 34 SIM card holder, 30 SIM test board integration, 54 SMA connector, 31, 36 test board underside, 30 impedance, 43, 62 industrial adhesive, 41 Industry Canada certification, 6 Class B compliance, 6 input/output impedance, specifications, 76 Input/Output, SIM interface pin, 53 integration GPRS radio modem, 15 illustrated, 21 overview, 38 process overview, 21 integration process antenna development, 23 FCC certification, 23 field trials, 23 power supply development, 23 printed circuit board development, 23 software development, 23 Integrator Kit content, 22 overview, 20 interface connecting to, 41 test board, 27 UART, 79 interface cable 22-pin, 28, 34 6-pin, 33 SIM, 42 specifications, 42 interference FCC requirments, 6 shielding, 67 L LED indicators, 27 Integrator Guide M magmount antenna, 30, 36 mechanical properties specifications, 75 MIC N pin, 54, 55 MIC P pin, 54 microphone/speaker jack, 27 minimum requirements, 64 MMCX connector, 43 illustrated, 31, 36 mounting hole pattern, 40 overview, 39 mounting methods bolts, 40 permanent industrial adhesive, 41 standoffs, 40 tie wraps, 40 MPE limits antenna, 70, 71 operating manual compliance statement, 71 researching, 72 RF exposure, 70, 71 warning labels, 72 MSG pin, 55 N network coverage, antenna positioning, 31, 36 networks GPRS, 16 GSM, 16 nickel cadmium batteries, 47 noise shielding, 67 noise immunity, overview, 15 O OEM, 78 on/off switch, 26 ONI pin, 55, 58 operating temperature, 38 P PCB development, 23 permanent industrial adhesive, 41 pins COV, 55 CTS, 56 DSR, 57 DTR, 57, 59 Index 83 Index GND, 55, 57, 59 MIC N, 54 MIC P, 54 MSG, 55 ONI, 55, 58 power supply, 55 radio interface, 54 RI, 56 RTS, 56 RX, 57, 59 RX2, 56 SIM interface, 53 SPK N, 54 SPK P, 54 TRI, 56 TURNON, 55 TX, 57, 59 TX2, 57 transient voltage protection, 48 plug-in supplies polarization vertical, 65 power automotive supples, 48 LC filter, 46 minimum voltage, 46 plug-in supplies, 48 requirements, 46 shunt capacity, 46 source requirements, 47 supply parameters, 46 alkaline batteries, 48 automotive supplies, 48 load specifications, 46 plug-in supply, 48 specifications, 74 test board, 27 power supply power supply development printed circuit board development overview, 23 overview, 23 R radio coverage maximizing, 16 radio interface cable, 41 radio interface pins COV, 55 CTS, 56 description, 54 DSR, 57 DTR, 57, 59 GND, 55, 57, 59 MIC N, 54 MIC P, 54 MSG, 55 ONI, 55, 58 power supply, 55 RI, 56 RTS, 56 RX, 57, 59 RX2, 56 SPK N, 54 SPK P, 54 TRI, 56 TURNON, 55 TX, 57, 59 TX2, 57 radio modem antenna requirements, 64 distance of antenna to, 65 models, 14 resetting, 59 specifications, 74 turning off, 58 turning on, 58 radio signal attenuation, 65 receiver sensitivity, 15 requirements, antenna, 64 Reset SIM interface pin, 53 resetting the radio modem, 59 return loss, 62 equation, 63 RF properties specifications, 74 RI pin, 56 RIM contacting, 20 RIM firmware, 59 RIM GPRS Radio Modem advantages, 14 integration possibilities, 15 models, 14 network compatibility, 17 overview, 14 RIM, contacting, 11, 22 ripple specification, 46 RS232, 79 RS-232 interface, 26 RTS pin, 56 RX pin, 57, 59 RX2 pin, 56 84 RIM GPRS Radio Modem S SAR limits more information, 72 operating manual compliance statement, 71 RF exposure, 70, 71 warning labels, 72 serial cable, connecting to the test board, 29, 35 serial communications specifications, 74 serial interface, 52 serial port, 54 setting up the test board (G), 32 setting up the test board (GS), 27 shielding, 67 shutting down the radio modem, 58 signal to (noise + distortion), specifications, 76 SIM card activiation, 20 inserting into holder, 29, 35 warning, 29, 35 SIM card holder, 27 illustration, 30 SIM Detect SIM interface pin, 53 SIM interface pins, 53 Clock, 53 Ground, 53 Input/Output, 53 Reset, 53 SIM Detect, 53 VCC, 53 SIM test board incorporation, 54 SIM, interface cable, 42 single board design, 16 single-use batteries overview, 48 warning, 48 size, GPRS radio modem, 16, 39 SMA connector illustrated, 31, 36 SMA plug, 30, 36, 43 software development, 23 specifications audio, 75 dimensions, 39 environmental properties, 75 frequency response, 76 gain setting, 76 input/output impedance, 76 interface cable, 42 mechanical properties, 75 minimum voltage, 46 noise immunity, 15 power supply, 74 Index receiver sensitivity, 15 RF properties, 74 ripple, 46 serial communications, 74 shielding, 15 signal to (noise + distortion), 76 size, 16 transmitter range, 16 weight, 38 SPK N pin, 54 SPK P pin, 54 standoffs, 40 storage temperature, 38 Subscriber Identity Module, 20 support, contacting, 11, 20, 22 T temperature operating, 38 storage, 38 warning, 38 test board antenna, 30, 36 antenna cable, 43, 44 components, 26 connecting the antenna, 30, 36 connecting the headset, 31, 36 connecting to AC outlet, 31, 36 connecting to the computer, 29, 35 output to computer, 26 power switch, 31, 36 radio interface cable, 41 set up overview (G), 32 set up overview (GS), 27 SIM interface cable, 42 turning off, 31, 36 turning on, 31, 36 test board components LED indicators, 27 microphone/speaker jack, 27 on/off switch, 26 power supply, 27 RS-232 interface, 26 SIM card holder, 27 test points, 26 test points, 26 testing certification, 59 environmental, 38 tie wraps, 40 warning, 41 transmit interference, 65 transmitter, efficiency, 16 Integrator Guide 85 Index TRI pin, 56 turning off the radio modem, 58 turning on the radio modem, 58 TURNON pin, 55 TX pin, 57, 59 TX2 pin, 57 V VCC pin, 53 voltage regulators, 48 voltage, minimum, 46 VSWR, equation, 63 W weight, 38 workflow, integration, 21 Z zener diodes, 48 86 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Index Integrator Guide 87
' 2002 Research In Motion Limited Published in Canada
| 1 | user manual | Users Manual | 457.48 KiB | April 05 2002 / February 07 2002 |
RIM GPRS Radio Modem 1902G, 1902GS, 1802G, 1802GS Integrator Guide Version 1.0 RIM GPRS Radio Modem 1902G, 1902GS, 1802G, 1802GS Integrator Guide Last revised: 05 March 2002 Part number: PDF-04522-001 Rev1 The information in this document is RIM confidential and is for internal distribution only.
' 1997-2002 Research In Motion Limited. All Rights Reserved. The BlackBerry and RIM families of related marks, images and symbols are the exclusive properties of Research In Motion Limited. RIM, Research In Motion, Always On, Always Connected, the envelope in motion symbol and the BlackBerry logo are registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and may be pending or registered in other countries. All other brands, product names, company names, trademarks and service marks are the properties of their respective owners. The handheld and/or associated software are protected by copyright, international treaties and various patents, including one or more of the following U.S. patents: 6,278,442; 6,271,605; 6,219,694; 6,075,470; 6,073,318; D445,428;
D433,460; D416,256. Other patents are registered or pending in various countries around the world. Visit www.rim.net/patents.shtml for a current listing of applicable patents. While every effort has been made to ensure technical accuracy, information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Research In Motion Limited, or any of its subsidiaries, affiliates, agents, licensors, or resellers. Research In Motion Limited 295 Phillip Street Waterloo, ON N2L 3W8 Canada Research In Motion Europe Centrum House, 36 Station Road Egham, Surrey TW20 9LF United Kingdom Produced in Canada NOTE This document is provided for informational purposes only, and does not constitute a binding legal document unless specifically incorporated by reference into a binding legal agreement between you and Research In Motion (RIM). In the event that you enter into a binding legal agreement with RIM, all provisions contained in such binding legal agreement shall apply, regardless of whether such provisions conflict with information contained herein. RIM assumes no responsibility for any typographical, technical or other inaccuracies in this document. RIM reserves the right to periodically change information that is contained in this document; however, RIM makes no commitment to provide any such changes, updates, enhancements or other additions to this document to you in a timely manner or at all. FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION. The information contained in this document is commercially confidential, for internal use only, and must not be disclosed to any third party without the express written consent of RIM. This document is to be treated as Confidential Information for the purposes of any Non-Disclosure Agreement between you and RIM. Warning: This document is for the use of licensed users only. Any unauthorized copying, distribution or disclosure of information is a violation of copyright laws. No reproduction in whole or in part of this document may be made without express written consent of RIM. THERE ARE NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH RESPECT TO THE CONTENT OF THIS DOCUMENT, AND ALL INFORMATION PROVIDED HEREIN IS PROVIDED "AS IS". IN NO EVENT SHALL RIM BE LIABLE TO ANY PARTY FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES FOR ANY USE OF THIS DOCUMENT, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, RELIANCE ON THE INFORMATION PRESENTED, LOST PROFITS OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, EVEN IF RIM WAS EXPRESSLY ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. Contents CHAPTER 1 About this guide ............................................................................ 9 Related documentation ..................................................................9 CHAPTER 2 CHAPTER 3 Introduction to the RIM GPRS Radio Modem ............................11 Applications...........................................................................12 Radio performance................................................................13 Receiver sensitivity ...............................................................13 Noise immunity.....................................................................13 Powerful and efficient transmitter......................................14 Small size................................................................................14 GPRS network technology...........................................................14 Getting Started ............................................................................17 Working with RIM........................................................................17 Integration overview ....................................................................18 Contact the RIM OEM team ................................................19 Obtain Integrators Kit..........................................................19 Read the Integrators Guide.................................................19 Obtain SIM .............................................................................19 Activate GPRS account.........................................................19 Contact Certification Labs ...................................................19 Start Development ................................................................20 Develop Software..................................................................20 Develop an Antenna.............................................................20 Develop a Power Supply......................................................20 Complete PCB and Remaining Development...................20 Conduct Field Trials .............................................................21 Perform Certification............................................................21 Pilot/Beta Release ..................................................................21 Final Release ..........................................................................21 CHAPTER 4 CHAPTER 5 Setting up the test board ............................................................23 Test board overview .....................................................................23 RS-232 interface .....................................................................24 On/off switch .........................................................................24 Test points ..............................................................................24 Power supply.........................................................................24 LED indicators.......................................................................24 Standard SIM Slot .................................................................25 Microphone/Speaker Jack ....................................................25 Connecting the test board............................................................25 Connecting the test board to the radio...............................25 Connecting the SIM to the radio.........................................26 Connecting the test board to the computer.......................26 Inserting the SIM card ..........................................................26 Connecting the test board to an AC outlet........................27 Connecting the antenna to the radio..................................27 Turning on the system..........................................................27 Integrating the radio modem .....................................................29 Environmental properties............................................................29 Storage temperature .....................................................................29 Operating temperature.................................................................30 Physical properties........................................................................30 Weight.....................................................................................30 Dimensions ............................................................................30 Mounting methods .......................................................................31 Bolts or standoffs...................................................................32 Tie wraps................................................................................33 Permanent industrial adhesive ...........................................33 Cables and connectors..................................................................33 Radio interface cable and connector...................................34 SIM interface cable and connector......................................34 Antenna cable and connectors ............................................36 CHAPTER 6 Power Requirements ...................................................................39 Load specifications........................................................................39 CHAPTER 7 CHAPTER 8 Power supply parameters....................................................39 Ripple specification...............................................................40 Batteries ..........................................................................................40 Rechargeable batteries..........................................................41 Single-use batteries ...............................................................42 Plug-in supplies.............................................................................42 Automotive supplies ....................................................................42 Interface specification.................................................................45 AT Commands ..............................................................................46 SIM Interface Pins .........................................................................46 Radio Interface Pins......................................................................48 Overview................................................................................48 Pin descriptions.....................................................................49 Turning the radio on and off.......................................................53 Turning the radio on.............................................................53 Turning the radio off ............................................................53 Resetting the Radio...............................................................54 Loading firmware (optional).......................................................54 Antenna selection........................................................................57 Selecting an antenna .....................................................................57 Antenna requirements..................................................................58 Introduction to antenna terminology.........................................58 Gain and ERP.........................................................................58 Impedance matching, return loss, and VSWR..................59 Antenna size ..........................................................................60 Antenna design considerations...................................................60 Vertical polarization .............................................................60 Proximity to active electronics ............................................61 Transmit interference ...........................................................61 Device position......................................................................61 Antenna cable ........................................................................62 Additional notes....................................................................62 Shielding.........................................................................................63 CHAPTER 9 Specifications...............................................................................65 Power supply & typical current usage...............................65 RF properties..........................................................................65 Serial communications .........................................................65 Other features ........................................................................66 Mechanical & environmental properties ...................................66 CHAPTER 10 Glossary ........................................................................................67 Index .............................................................................................71 Chapter 1 About this guide This guide explains how to integrate the RIM GPRS Radio Modem into a variety of devices such as laptop computers, handhelds, vending machines, point-of-sale terminals, vehicle-
based mobile terminals, and alarm systems. This guide includes the following topics:
integration overview
test board overview
mounting requirements
power (battery) requirements
interfacing to the RIM radio modem
antenna selection and placement Throughout the guide, there are suggestions and precautions that can ease the implementation of a wireless communication solution. To discuss the technical integration of this radio modem, contact RIM at oemsupport@rim.net. Related documentation The Integrators Kit also includes the RIM GPRS Radio Modem AT Command Reference, which lists the AT commands that apply to the RIM GPRS Radio Modem. About this guide 10 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Chapter 2 Introduction to the RIM GPRS Radio Modem With the introduction of the RIM GPRS Radio Modem, RIM sets a new standard for radio modem performance. Its small size and weight makes it suitable for virtually any wireless data and voice application, including handheld devices and mobile terminals. Its multislot class allows for the highest possible download rates allowed using a single receiver on a GPRS network. The RIM GPRS Radio Modem consists of the following models:
1902G
1902GS
1802G
1802GS Introduction to the RIM GPRS Radio Modem Model 1902G 1902GS 1802G 1802GS Description This model was designed for use with GPRS and GSM wide-area wireless data/voice networks operating in the 1900 and 850 MHz range in the United States, including VoiceStream Wireless and Cingular Interactive. It is identical to the 1902GS, but has an off-board SIM card. This model was designed for use with GPRS and GSM wide-area wireless data/voice networks operating in the 1900 and 850 MHz range in the United States, including VoiceStream Wireless and Cingular Interactive. It is identical to the 1902G, but has an on-board SIM card. This model was designed for use with GPRS and GSM wide-area wireless voice and data networks operating in the 1800 MHz and 900 MHz ranges. It is identical to the 1802GS, but has an off-board SIM card. This model was designed for use with GPRS and GSM wide-area wireless voice and data networks operating in the 1800 MHz and 900 MHz ranges. It is identical to the 1802G, but has an on-board SIM card. Applications RIM radio modems are designed to integrate easily into a computing device. Potential applications include:
laptop computers
vehicle tracking
point-of-sale devices
monitoring and telemetry
ruggedized terminals
vending machines
handheld computers
utility meters
parking meters
billboards
dispatching
security alarm panels 12 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Introduction to the RIM GPRS Radio Modem Radio performance The RIM GPRS Radio Modem offers very high radio performance for use with GPRS wireless data networks. Receiver sensitivity Receiver sensitivity is a measure of how well the radio modem can receive and decode data from a network base station. This figure is important when a device is used in areas where signal strength is weak, such as inside buildings and in locations that are not close to a base station. A radio modem with good receiver sensitivity can be used in more places than a radio modem with poor receiver sensitivity. Preliminary indications suggest the RIM GPRS Radio Modem has a receiver sensitivity of approximately -107 dBm at 0.01 BER. This means that the radio can interpret received data from a very weak signal (approximately 0.03 picowatt) with a 1% bit error rate. Final values are yet to be determined. Note: 1% is an industry standard error rate used to define sensitivity, and does not indicate that 1% of the data passed by the radio to the application is corrupted. Noise immunity The RIM GPRS Radio Modem is not desensitized by the electromagnetic interference (EMI) or noise generated by the electronics of the terminal into which it is integrated. As a result, no special shielding is required between the radio and your device. Noise immunity offers several key benefits:
easier integration
longer battery life
increased reliability
improved RF performance
more coverage from each base station
no need for special RF shielding Integrator Guide 13 Introduction to the RIM GPRS Radio Modem Powerful and efficient transmitter When necessary, the RIM GPRS Radio Modem can supply a full 1.0 watt at 1900 MHz. However, the RIM GPRS Radio Modem quickly decreases the output power when it is close to a base station because a stronger signal is needed only when far from a base station. By transmitting a strong signal only when necessary, the RIM GPRS Radio Modem conserves battery power and ensures a balanced link. Preliminary results indicate that the RIM GPRS Radio Modem provides reliable transmit efficiency across the entire operating voltage range of 3.5 to 4.75 volts. As a result, batteries can be used even when nearing depletion. This also maximizes the radio coverage area throughout the life of the battery. Final numbers are yet to be determined. Small size Because of its single board design, the RIM GPRS Radio Modem is very thin, and at only 42.0 by 67.5 mm, is smaller than a business card. This tiny size allows the RIM GPRS Radio Modem to meet tight space requirements within most applications. Its single-board design is more reliable than multi-board designs, particularly in high-vibration environments (such as vehicles) or in devices that can be dropped (such as handheld devices). GPRS network technology The Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM), first deployed by Oy Radiolinja Ab of Finland in 1992, has become the international voice communication standard. The General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) supplement to the GSM network was first proposed in 1992 in order to converge telecom and datacom. The result has been well received. For further information on GSM and GPRS, please visit http://www.gsm.org. GPRS is a packet switched overlay to the circuit switched GSM network. This gives a mobile device the ability to be always on. GPRS allows for a theoretical maximum transfer speed of 171.2 kbps. It is also IP-based, making a mobile device Internet aware. GPRS networks are deployed worldwide. There are currently 172 countries with deployed GSM networks. These networks can be enabled to perform GPRS communication with the addition of two hardware devices and a software 14 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Introduction to the RIM GPRS Radio Modem upgrade. Many GSM network providers have already supplemented their networks with GPRS capability. GPRS technology is deployed or in the process of being deployed in the following countries:
Australia Austria Belgium Canada China Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Germany Greece Hong Kong Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Lebanon Luxembourg Singapore Malaysia Malta Slovenia South Africa Netherlands Spain New Zealand Sweden Norway Philippines Poland Portugal Switzerland Taiwan Turkey United Arab Emirates Finland Liechtenstein Romania United Kingdom French W. Indies Lithuania Russia United States Note: The RIM 1902G and 1902GS models are compatible with networks in North America that operate in the 1900 and 850 MHz range. The RIM 1802G and 1802GS models are compatible with networks, usually in Europe, that operate in the 1800 and 900 MHz range. Integrator Guide 15 Introduction to the RIM GPRS Radio Modem 16 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Chapter 3 Getting Started RIM is committed to facilitating RIM GPRS Radio Modem integration. RIM provides resources for you to evaluate the feasibility of implementing a wireless communication solution and works closely with partners to develop an application in the shortest time possible. The Integrators Kit includes several tools to help streamline the evaluation and integration process. Using the kit, you can quickly interface the radio modem to your computing device. Note: The radio modem that is part of the Integrators Kit is not activated on the GPRS network until a SIM card, which has been activated for GPRS communication, is attached to the device through the proper lines. Contact your GPRS network provider to obtain a SIM card and activate the radio modem. Working with RIM RIM has an experienced team to help you with design and implementation. If you need help getting started, or if you have any questions about the radio technology or its integration into your platform, contact the engineering development team:
Phone: +1 (519) 888-7465 ext. 5200 Fax: +1 (519) 883-4940 E-mail: oemsupport@rim.net Web Site: http://www.rim.net/oem Chapter 3: Getting Started Integration overview The following flowchart illustrates the integration process. 18 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Integration overview Contact the RIM OEM team Email OEMinquiry@rim.net or call (519) 888-7465 x5200 to obtain more information about RIM Radio Modem products and whether they are suitable for your application. Obtain Integrator's Kit You can request the Integrators Kit from Research In Motion. This kit includes the radio modem, a mechanical sample of the radio, an interface and test board, AC to DC power supply, required cables, magnetic mount antenna, and documentation. Read the Integrator's Guide Read the Integrator Guide first to ensure that you follow proper procedures to prevent unnecessary delays and damage to equipment. This guide explains topics such as mounting requirements, battery power characteristics, interfaces to the RIM radio modem, and antenna selection and placement. Obtain SIM Contact the appropriate network provider to obtain a SIM card. For network contact information, visit http://www.rim.net/oem or contact RIM at oemsupport@rim.net. Activate GPRS account Contact the appropriate network provider to activate the GPRS account. For network contact information, visit http://www.rim.net/oem or contact RIM at oemsupport@rim.net. Contact Certification Labs Learn about obtaining FCC and/or Industry Canada certification. Radio frequency (RF) emitting products cannot be sold in the United States or Canada until you have the necessary government approvals. Understanding what you are permitted to do before beginning your design can save redesign costs later on. Integrator Guide 19 Chapter 3: Getting Started For more information on testing, visit http://www.rim.net/oem/ or contact the RIM at oemsupport@rim.net. Start Development Plan your project carefully before starting development. You must address several important considerations when planning your design. To speed up the development process, you can often perform several procedures in parallel. Contact RIM at oemsupport@rim.net for further details. Develop Software RIM will help if you encounter any problems with the communication between the offboard processor and the radio. Develop an Antenna Several antennas have been certified for use with the RIM radio modem. Refer to the Integrators Guide for details. If these antennas do not meet your needs, start developing an antenna for use with the final product. Please refer to the Integrators Guide for guidelines on antenna development. In addition, contact RIM for general assistance and for recommendations of antenna companies that can provide further assistance. Develop a Power Supply Start developing the power supply for the product. Refer to the Integrators Guide for guidelines on the strict power requirements of the RIM radio modem. Contact RIM at oemsupport@rim.net for further details on power requirements, guidelines for power supply development, and recommendations of power supply companies that can provide further assistance. Complete PCB and Remaining Development Start developing the housing and Printed Circuit Board (PCB) for the product. Refer to the Integrators Guide for guidelines on radio and antenna placement. 20 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Integration overview Conduct Field Trials Start product field trials to ensure performance and reliability. Perform Certification Choose a testing lab to perform FCC or Industry Canada certification and any applicable network certification. Before sending your product for testing, contact RIM to ensure that the solution is set up properly for testing. For more information, visit http://www.rim.net/oem/. Pilot/Beta Release Contact RIM prior to beta release of the product, especially if the product has not been certified yet. There are very specific guidelines that must be followed to ensure legality of the release prior to certification. Final Release Congratulations on having completed the development process! Contact RIM if you encounter any obstacles related to the RIM radio modem. In addition, please provide regular updates to RIM on the progress of the release. Integrator Guide 21 Chapter 3: Getting Started 22 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Chapter 4 Setting up the test board Test board overview The RIM test board provides a standard RS-232 serial interface between a computer and the radio modem. The test board helps you interface the RIM GPRS Radio Modem to a standard computer using a COM port or to a terminal device using a RS-232 serial port. The test board also provides access points to the radios communication port, which enables you to monitor activity with a logic probe, multimeter, or oscilloscope. The test board includes the following components and functionality.
RS-232 interface
On/off switch
test points
power supply
LED indicators
standard SIM Slot
microphone/speaker Jack The test board functionality and components are described below. Chapter 4: Setting up the test board RS-232 interface The serial (COM) port on a computer and most terminal devices operates at RS-232 signal levels, which are typically 12V. This high voltage would damage the RIM GPRS Radio Modem, which is typically integrated into a device that operates an asynchronous serial port at 3.0V. The RS-232 interface on the test board allows you to produce an output from the radio that is easily interpreted by a PC. On/off switch When the switch is on, the radio turns on whenever power is applied to the test board. When the switch is off, the radio shuts down. For more information, see
Turning the radio on and off on page 53. Test points The test board is more than just an RS-232 interface. It also features debugging facilities to help you test your application. It provides direct access to each of the 22 pins on the radio interface cable, which enables connectivity to analytical equipmentsuch as a logic probe, multimeter, or oscilloscopeand real-time indication of data flow. Power supply The RIM GPRS Radio Modem requires a clean, high-current power source. RIM uses a standard plug-pack to provide the current necessary to operate the radio. The voltage is converted into the necessary levels by the power supply section on the test board. LED indicators The test board includes several LED indicators designed to indicate the flow of data to and from the host (in real time), the radio power status, power to the test board, and more. 24 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Connecting the test board Standard SIM Slot The test board includes a SIM slot for use with standard 3V SIM cards. The SIM card is necessary in order to access GSM/GPRS networks. Microphone/Speaker Jack The test board includes a microphone/speaker jack for use with the headset included in the Integrators Kit. This allows the integrator to take full advantage of the GSM circuit switched voice network underlying the GPRS networks. Connecting the test board You must connect the RIM GPRS Radio Modem to an antenna, SIM card, and a computer, (or another device with a RS-232 serial interface). Use the test board and cables supplied with your Integrators Kit. Connecting the test board consists of the following tasks:
1. Connecting the test board to the radio 2. Connecting the SIM to the radio 3. Connecting the test board to the computer 4. 5. Connecting the test board to an AC outlet 6. Connecting the antenna to the radio 7. Turning on the system The tasks should be completed in the order shown above. They are described below. Inserting the SIM card Connecting the test board to the radio Use the 22-pin flat interface cable to connect the test board to the radio. This interface cable carries most of the data, and all of the voice, between the test board and the radio. Control and status signals such as ONI are also carried on this cable. This cable also carries clean, regulated power to the radio. Integrator Guide 25 Chapter 4: Setting up the test board When you insert the cable, verify that the side with the bare pins is in direct contact with the pin side of the connector. To ensure proper contact, do not force the cable into the connector; instead, pull the tabs on either side of the connector, slide the cable in, then push the tabs back in. Connecting the SIM to the radio Note: This task only applies to the 1802G and 1902G models. Use the 6-pin flat SIM interface cable to connect the SIM slot on the test board to the radio. The SIM interface cable carries all of the data and power between the test board SIM slot and the radio modem. When you insert the cable, verify that the side with the bare pins is in direct contact with the pin side of the connector. For proper contact, do not force the cable into the connector. Instead, pull the tabs on either side of the connector, slide the cable in, and then push the tabs back in to tighten. Connecting the test board to the computer Use straight-through DB-9 serial cable to connect the test board to the computer. Connect the male end of the cable to the test board. Connect the female end of the cable to the computers COM port. Inserting the SIM card You must have a SIM card authorized for use by the appropriate GPRS network provider. The authorization must also allow access to the Access Point Name
(APN) that will be targeted. Slide the SIM card into the slot. Ensure that the leads on the board connect with the conductive surfaces of the SIM card. The SIM card can only be installed one way. 26 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Connecting the test board Connecting the test board to an AC outlet Plug the 5VDC, 2.4A, center-pin-positive power adapter into the wall outlet. Connect the other end to the power jack of the test board. Connecting the antenna to the radio The Integrators Kit includes a high-performance, 6 dB-gain magmount antenna, which is terminated with a screw-on SMA plug. The radio modem includes a snap-on MMCX jack. Connect the antenna cable supplied with your kit from the antennas SMA plug to the radios MMCX jack. Note: The magmount antenna provides optimum RF performance when placed on a broad metal surface, such as the roof of a car. When used inside a building, for improved performance, place the antenna inear a window, with few obstacles, such as a wall, furniture, or equipment, between the antenna and the window. Turning on the system Supply power to pins 7 and 8 on the radio modem to allow the radio modem to power up. However, the power switch on the test board, which controls the TURNON line, can also control whether the RIM GPRS Radio Modem is on. When the radio is on, the LED marked ONI is lit. The radio can also be turned on using software commands. Refer toRefer to "Chapter 7" on page 45 for more information. Integrator Guide 27 Chapter 4: Setting up the test board 28 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Chapter 5 Integrating the radio modem This chapter explains how to determine the position of the radio modem within an application, including the following topics:
environmental properties
physical properties
mounting methods
connectors Environmental properties Environmental testing ensures that RIM products can withstand both typical and extreme real-world conditions. During environmental testing, RIM takes samples of its radio modems and subjects them to a variety of harsh conditions. Each unit in the sample is also visually inspected after testing. This experience enables RIM to fine-tune its design and manufacturing process. Storage temperature The RIM GPRS Radio Modem can be stored at a temperature from -40C to 85C (-40F to 185F). Chapter 5: Integrating the radio modem Operating temperature The RIM GPRS Radio Modem operates between -30C to 70C (-22F to 158F). Warning: The end user should be careful not to exceed the upper temperature limit, as performance degradation or damage to the power amplifier can occur past this point, especially during transmission. Physical properties Weight The RIM GPRS Radio Modem weighs 35 g (1.2 oz), including the case. Dimensions RIM radio modems meet stringent space requirements. The maximum dimensions of the radio modem, not including cables, are:
Width: 42.0 mm (1.65 inches)
Length: 67.5 mm (2.66 inches)
Thickness: 8.4 mm (0.33 inches) 30 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Mounting methods Mounting methods RIM radio modems can be securely fastened using a variety of methods. You must consider the operating environment when choosing a mounting option. For example, extreme temperature, heavy vibration, or high electromagnetic interference areas can require a special mounting solution. You must ensure that the radio modem remains securely attached in the environment where it is used. This section describes the following mounting methods:
bolts or standoffs
tie wraps
permanent industrial adhesive The following information is presented as a guide; however, applications can vary considerably. A mechanical engineer can help to ensure that the mounting method is suitable for the specific application. Integrator Guide 31 Chapter 5: Integrating the radio modem Bolts or standoffs The radio modem includes a hole in each corner, which can be used to bolt the device onto a circuit board, device housing, standoffs, or other surface. The mounting hole pattern is four holes in a 62.5-by-36.5 mm rectangle, with each hole 2.5 mm in diameter. To allow room under the radio for components on your board, you can use standoffs instead of bolts, as illustrated in the following diagram. 32 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Cables and connectors Tie wraps Tie wraps can be used as a secure but non-permanent means of attaching the radio modem to a surface. Typically, each tie wrap passes through a hole drilled into the surface of the board, on either side of the radio modem. This enables the radio to be attached to a shell, a PCB, or some other mounting surface. If you are using tie wraps, ensure that the surface beneath the radio modem is flat. Otherwise, the mounting surface can push up on the bottom surface of the radio case, and the tie wraps, when tightened, can push down on the edge of the radio case. This pressure can cause the metal case of the radio modem to flex upward and to short components inside the radio. To avoid such malfunction, you should not use thick adhesive foam tape and tie wraps together. Permanent industrial adhesive The RIM GPRS Radio Modem is small and lightweight enough to be attached to the host device using an industrial adhesive. For some applications, this mounting method is preferable to bolts, because adhesive is easier to use in a manufacturing environment and is more resistant to loosening than bolts. In many cases, an effective solution is to adhere the radio modem to the inside surface of your products casing. Choose an adhesive based on its ability to stick to the material used in the outer casing of the radio modem and to the surface to which the radio will be mounted. The RIM GPRS Radio Modems bottom casing is magnesium. 3M manufactures VHB, a permanent industrial adhesive with excellent long-term holding power. The peel adhesion and tensile holding power of VHB tapes are extremely high, making this a suitable solution when the radio does not need to be removed. Choose foam tape for rough surfaces and adhesive tape for smooth surfaces. For information about VHB, contact 3M Industrial Tape and Specialties Division at 1-800-227-5085 (fax: 1-612-733-1771). The publication number for the VHB technical data sheet is 70-0702-0266-1(104.5)R1. Cables and connectors The radio modem has the following connectors:
radio interface connector Integrator Guide 33 Chapter 5: Integrating the radio modem
SIM interface cable (G models only)
antenna connector Radio interface cable and connector The radio interface connector connects the radio modem to a serial computing device, speaker and microphone, and power supply. Serial communication data, control signals, and power are carried on a flat 22-conductor 0.30 mm (0.012 inches) thick flexible printed circuit (FPC) cable with 1-mm centerline spacing, which can plug into a matching connector. Because each application is unique, it may be necessary to create a custom Flat Flex Cable (FFC) Jumper with the correct length and correct connector orientation for your application. Please refer to the diagram in the next section for FPC specifications. The interface cable supplied with the Integrators Kit is a Type D 76.2 mm (3.0 inches) long FFC Jumper with 1 mm centerline spacing, Molex part number 210390382. This cable can plug into a matching 22-position 1.0 [0.039] horizontal FPC connector. AMP/Tyco Electronics manufactures a variety of connectors. For information about each connector, including mechanical drawings, visit the manufacturers web site (www.amp.com), or contact RIM (oemsupport@rim.net) for help selecting an appropriate connector for your application. SIM interface cable and connector Note: The SIM interface cable and connector are only required for the 1902G and 1802G models. The SIM interface cable and connector connects a SIM card to the radio modem. All SIM communication data and power are carried on a flat 6-conductor 0.30 mm
(0.012") thick flexible printed circuit (FPC) cable with 1.00 mm centerline spacing, which can plug into a matching connector. Because each application is unique, it may be necessary to create a custom Flat Flex Cable Jumper with the correct length and connector orientation for your application. Please refer to the following diagram for FPC specifications:
34 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Cables and connectors The 6-pin interface cable supplied with the RIM GPRS Radio Modem Developers Kit is a 76.2 mm (3.0") long Flat Flex Cable (FFC) Jumper with 1.00 mm centerline spacing and same side conductive surfaces, Parlex part number 100-6-76-B. This cable can plug into a matching 6-position 1.0 [0.039] horizontal FPC connector. A variety of connectors are manufactured by AMP/Tyco Electronics, including AMP part number 487951-6. For information about each connector, including mechanical drawings, visit the manufacturers web site
(www.amp.com), or contact RIM (oemsupport@rim.net) for help with selecting an appropriate connector for your application. Integrator Guide 35 Chapter 5: Integrating the radio modem Contact:
Amp / Tyco Electronics General Information Harrisburg, PA, USA tel: (800) 522-6752 fax: (717) 986-7575 www.amp.com Molex Headquarters Lisle, IL, USA Tel: (630) 969-4550 Fax: (630) 969-1352 email: amerinfo@molex.com http://www.molex.com Parlex Corporation Flexible Circuits Products Methuen, MA, USA tel: (978) 685-4341 fax: (978) 685-8809 email: flexcircuits@parlex.com www.parlex.com Molex Electronics Ltd. Toronto, ON, Canada Tel: (416) 292-1444 Fax: (416) 292-2922 Antenna cable and connectors The antenna cable and connector connects the antenna to the radio modem. RIM uses the industry-standard MMCX connector for the RIM GPRS Radio Modem. The MMCX connector is very small, and it has the mating force to withstand heavy vibration. Typically, an antenna does not plug directly into a RIM GPRS Radio Modem. Instead, a cable is used between the radios antenna connector and a second connector at the outer casing of the device. This allows the antenna to be removed from the system without opening the device, and it eliminates a source of strain on the radios MMCX connector. The antenna cable should have low loss, an impedance of 50 , and an MMCX jack that mates with the RIM GPRS Radio Modems MMCX plug. The other end of the cable can be any connector with an impedance of 50 . An SMA screw-on connector is suitable and widely available. TNC connectors are also suitable, but 36 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Cables and connectors larger than SMA. The antenna cable supplied with the Integrators Kit has an MMCX connector on one end and an SMA connector on the other. The cable is built with strain reliefs to prevent damage. Huber & Suhner provides antenna cables and connectors. The parts described below have an impedance of 50 and are suitable for use with the RIM GPRS Radio Modem. Part number Cable or connector 11MMCX-50-2-1C/111 16MMCX-50-2-1C/111 25SMA-50-2-25/111 EZ Flex 405 133REEZ4-12-S2/1216 133REEZ4-12-S2/1699 Straight MMCX connector Right-angle MMCX connector SMA connector Low-loss matching (50 W) cable 8 cable, straight MMCX to SMA 8 cable, right-angle MMCX to SMA The following cable is included with the Integrators Kit:
Integrator Guide 37 Chapter 5: Integrating the radio modem Contact:
Huber & Suhner Essex Junction, VT, USA Tel: (802) 878-0555 Fax: (802) 878-9880 http://www.hubersuhnerinc.com Huber & Suhner Kanata ON, Canada Tel: (800) 627-2212 Fax: (613) 596-3001 38 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Chapter 6 Power Requirements The RIM GPRS Radio Modem requires a clean power source capable of delivering bursts of high current. This power source can be provided by a plug-in power supply unit, a rechargeable battery pack, or by single-use batteries. Load specifications The RIM GPRS Radio Modem draws its power in bursts; the power required changes rapidly depending on whether the radio is transmitting, receiving, or idle. Power supply parameters Preliminary indications are that the RIM RIM GPRS Radio Modem requires a clean, stable 3.5 to 4.75 volt source that is capable of delivering a one-second burst of up to 2 A when required by the transmitter. Final numbers are yet to be determined. RIM recommends designing a more robust power supply that can provide adequate power under such non-ideal conditions as an improperly matched antenna, under which this burst could be as high as 2.2 A. Chapter 6: Power Requirements For the RIM GPRS hardware integration to be fully compatible with the RIM 902M and RIM 802D radio modems, ensure the power input to the radio modem is above 4.1 Volts. Please contact the RIM OEM Engineering Development team for further details on backwards compatibility. Ripple specification For best performance, ripple of less than 15 mV peak-to-peak (measured at the radio end of the connector) is recommended across the frequency range 60 Hz to 1 MHz. The maximum ripple at the connector that can be tolerated is 20 mV peak-to-peak. Except in special cases where there are several sources of ripple, measure the ripple with an oscilloscope set to 1-MHz bandwidth; the peak-to-peak value is not to exceed 15 mV. Note: If there are several ripple components, or if ripple is measured with a larger
(typically 20-MHz) bandwidth, the ripple seems worse. If the ripple is still below 15 mV under these conditions, it meets the ripple specification. You can place a passive LC (series L, shunt C) power filter between your power supply and the RIM radio modem to reduce ripple at the radio connector. The radio modem already has approximately 70 F of on-board shunt capacity. The inductor cannot exceed 100 H (otherwise, transients could reset the radio), it must be rated to pass the maximum DC current of 2.2 A supply current at all temperatures, and its resistance must be low enough to guarantee minimum voltage of 3.5 V to the radio modem at 2.2 A. Batteries When integrated into a handheld device, the RIM GPRS Radio Modem can be powered by batteries. This technology is easily available and eliminates the need for power supply components such as voltage regulators. 40 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Batteries Rechargeable batteries Nickel cadmium RIM recommends using rechargeable nickel cadmium (NiCad) batteries to power the RIM GPRS Radio Modem for battery-operated applications that require a wide operating temperature range. Nickel metal hydride (NiMH) and lithium ion
(Li+) cells can also be used with good results, but many such cells do not work very well at temperatures below freezing. Batteries specifications should be obtained from the manufacturer. The selected cells must be able to meet the radio modem load specifications. Specifically, they must be able to provide 2.0 A (at 4.2 V) for transmission. Rechargeable cells vary considerably, because capacity varies with current draw. Even if two cells have the same published capacity, one might not be as efficient as another when the radio transmitter is turned on. This is because some batteries have a higher equivalent series resistance (ESR) at high current drain. The ESR should be low enough that the battery can supply the transmission current required without a large voltage drop. Alkaline You can also use rechargeable alkaline batteries. These cells are typically rated for about 25 discharge cycles, far fewer than NiCads, but they provide longer life than NiCads. For the first five to ten cycles, you will receive about 70 to 80 percent of the battery life you would expect from a single-use alkaline cell. After 25 discharges, this number may drop to 50 percent. Warning: You must take precautions with alkaline rechargeable batteries. These cells are not intended to be used to their full capacity, so their actual useful runtime is closer to 30 to 40 percent of a single-use alkaline cell, and requires the user to pay closer attention to the state of the batteries. If you fully discharge a rechargeable alkaline battery, you may only get five recharges before the capacity decreases to the point where it is useless. Integrator Guide 41 Chapter 6: Power Requirements Single-use batteries Among single-use cells, only alkaline and lithium cells provide the high current necessary for transmission. In particular, AA alkaline cells are inexpensive, widely available, and provide an excellent power source. Alkaline cells typically run about four times longer than similar-size NiCad cells, and about three times longer than similar-size NiMH cells. Warning: The use of general-purpose carbon-based batteries is strongly discouraged;
this type of battery is unable to supply the power required by the transmitter. These cells are more suited to flashlights and other products that do not have a load characteristized by bursts. If a carbon-based battery is used, the voltage drops below the minimum power required under load almost immediately following a radio transmission, which resets the radio each time it tries to transmit. You should recommend to users of your product to use single-use batteries that are clearly identified as alkaline. Plug-in supplies A plug-in supply converts normal AC power (usually 110 V or 220 V) into a steady DC source that can be used instead of batteries. The plug-in supply must be designed to ensure that voltage spikes, lightning, and other power fluctuations cannot damage the radio modem. Transient voltage protection zener diodes, or other spike arrestor circuits, can be added to keep the inputs within the limits given in the radio modem load specifications. These should have a value of 20 V and be placed on the supply side of the regulator circuit. Preliminary indications suggest a supply capable of providing at least 3.5 V and rated for 2.2 A peak current is recommended. Final numbers are yet to be determined. Automotive supplies If you plan to power the RIM GPRS Radio Modem from an automotive supply, you must take steps to protect the radio modem from intense power fluctuations that occur when an automobile is started. A circuit comprising inductors, transorbs and voltage regulators should be used to ensure that the radio modem is protected from these power fluctuations. 42 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Automotive supplies Commonly, in automotive applications, voltages may be as high as 70 V on the battery, especially on startup. Commercial automotive adapters are available that safely convert the 12 V automotive supply to a regulated supply suitable for operating the RIM radio modem. Integrator Guide 43 Chapter 6: Power Requirements 44 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Chapter 7 Interface specification The asynchronous serial interface on the RIM GPRS Radio Modem operates at 3.0V, making it compatible with many existing system designs. The radio modem can be controlled by a wide variety of microcontrollers and microprocessors, such as the Intel 8051 or 80386, or Motorola 68000. In most cases, the RIM GPRS Radio Modem can be connected directly to a micro-controller, or through a Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter
(UART) to a microprocessor data bus. If the radio modem will be connected directly to a PC or other RS-232 device, an interface must be provided to convert the signal voltage to the higher values required by an RS-232 device. The RIM GPRS Radio Modem is compliant with GSM Phase 2/2+ specifications. For detailed information on the AT command structure, please refer to the RIM GPRS Radio Modem AT Command Reference Guide included in the Integrators Kit. Chapter 7: Interface specification AT Commands Command V.25ter GSM 07.07 GSM 07.05 for SMS GSM 07.07 for GPRS Description The V.25ter commands correspond to the basic commands of AT Hayes-compatible modems applicable for GSM 07.07. Examples of such commands include answering incoming calls, switching modes, and redialling. The GSM 07.07 commands are for remote control of GSM functionality, including phone book functionality. Example of such commands includes selecting bearer service types, entering PIN's, and changing passwords. The GSM 07.05 commands are for performing SMS and CBS related operations for both Text and PDU modes. Examples of such commands include deleting, transmitting, and saving SMS messages. The GSM 07.07 for GPRS AT commands are required for all GPRS functionality such as PDP context definitions and activations, QoS definitions and requests, GPRS attaches and detaches, PDP address retrieval, GPRS Mobile Station class retrieval, event reporting, network registration status retrieval, and SMS messaging services. SIM Interface Pins Note: The SIM interface Pins only apply to models with off-board SIM cards. This section describes the purpose of each of the 6 lines that comprise the SIM interface to the 1902G and 1802G radio modems. All SIM Interface lines are 3.0 volt logic. The 1902G and 1802G radio modems software polls the SIM card to confirm its presence. Note: For proper operation, the SIM connector cable should be no more than 10cm long. The VPP line on the SIM card connector can be shorted with the VCC line to continue proper operation. 46 RIM GPRS Radio Modem SIM Interface Pins Pin Description 1 2 3 4 5 6 VCC. This line supplies the SIM with power. Verify that it leads to the VCC pin of the SIM card connector. It may be necessary to filter noise on the line to prevent a fault from occurring. Please refer to the diagram in the next section as an example. Reset. This is an output from the radio. Verify that it leads to the Reset pin of the SIM card connector. Clock. This is an output from the radio. Verify that it leads to the Clock pin of the SIM card connector. Input/Output. This is a bidirectional line between the SIM card connector and the RIM GPRS OEM radio modems. Verify that it leads to the I/O pin of the SIM card connector. SIM Detect. The active state of this line is high. This line should be asserted in order to ensure the radio modem can detect the SIM card. Ground. This is an input to the radio. Short this line to the GND pin of the SIM card connector. The following diagram shows an example of how the SIM was incorporated onto the RIM Integrated Test Board:
Integrator Guide 47 Chapter 7: Interface specification Radio Interface Pins This section describes the purpose of each of the 22 lines that comprise the radio interface to the RIM GPRS Radio Modem. Overview Pins 1-4 Pins 1 to 4 were introduced to take advantage of the GPRS data networks underlying GSM voice infrastructure. The differential nature of the analog lines provides high voice quality and noise immunity. Pins 5-22 Input and output lines from pins 5 to 22 are 3.0 volt logic; however, they will also be able to drive 3.3 volt systems. Input lines 16, 19, 20, and 22 are 5.0 volt input tolerant. Output lines will be capable of driving 5.0 volt systems provided the VIH of these pins is less than 2.5 volts. All digital outputs will source a short circuit current of 3 mA. Digital Inputs will have a current leakage of 1 mA. Note: Pins 5 to 22 are identical to those of the RIM 802D/902M. Serial ports There are two serial ports on the RIM GPRS Radio Modem.
The primary serial port uses pins 20 and 21 for transmit and receive and is used to carry AT commands and data between the radio modem and the computing device.
The secondary serial port uses pins 13 and 22 for transmit and receive and may be used only by a custom application that resides on the radio modem itself, never AT and data traffic. Flow control lines are provided for the primary serial port only. 48 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Radio Interface Pins Note: The symbol ~ before the label indicates that line is an active low digital signal. Pin descriptions The following table lists each pin and describes it in detail. Pin Label Description 1 2 3 4 5 MIC N MIC P SPK N SPK P MSG 6 COV 7, 8 This pin is not used in this release. Analog Microphone Input This is an analog input to the radio. Audio Ground This is an analog reference signal for pin 2 and pin 4. Speaker Signal. This is an analog speaker output from the radio. Message Waiting This line is a digital output from the radio. The active state of this line is high, and indicates that the radio modem has received a packet, which has not been delivered to the device application yet, from the network. This line remains active until the application acknowledges receiving the packet. When the radio modem receive buffer is full, this line is inactive (low). Coverage This line is a digital output from the radio. The active state of this line is high, and the radio modem is in network coverage, as determined by the presence of a signal from the network base station. When the radio modem does not have contact with the wireless network, this line is low. Power supply These pins supply power to the radio. Since the current requirement during transmission exceeds the current rating of a single line, both lines 7 and 8 should be connected to the power supply. Supplying power to these two lines allows the radio to turn on. Integrator Guide 49 Chapter 7: Interface specification Pin 9 Label GND 10 TURNON 11 ONI 12 TRI 13 RX2 Description Ground This line should be tied to the system ground of the computing device to ensure proper operation. Pin 18 should also be connected to ground. Turn Radio On This line is an input to the radio. This line turns on the radio unit. It is a digital signal that eliminates the need for an on/off switch for the power supply to the radio modem. This is a 3.0 V input to the radio, and is not 5.0 V tolerant. Please note that the functionality of the TURNON line can be performed through AT commands as well. Refer to "Turning the radio on and off" on page 53 for more information. On Indicate This line is a digital output from the radio that indicates that the radio is on and operational. This line can be used by a computing device to qualify the handshaking outputs on the serial interface. If CTS is low, and ONI is high, then the unit is ready to receive data, but if CTS is low and ONI is low, then the radio modem is not ready to receive data because it is off. When ONI is low, all inputs to the radio modem should be held low or disconnected. Otherwise, power is consumed and wasted. Transmit Indicate The active (radio transmitting) state of this line is high. This output from the radio modem is asserted while the radio is transmitting a packet to the network base station. TRI has a built-in current limiter that enables it to directly drive an LED , which provides real-time visual feedback that the radio is transmitting packets. If this is not necessary, you can leave the line disconnected. This line supplies 3 mA to a standard LED, and is short-circuit protected. This line is low when the radio modem is off. Secondary Receive This line is an input to the radio modem. Its idle (no serial transmit activity) state is high. This line is an asynchronous serial output from the radio modem, and may be connected to a computing device's Transmit Data output. This line carries data at a maximum of 115 200 bits per second, 8 bits, No parity, 1 stop bit. This line is meaningful only as part of a debug port primarily for RIM internal use. 50 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Pin 14 Label
~RI 15
~CTS 16
~RTS 17
~DSR 18 GND Radio Interface Pins Description
~Ring Indicate This line is an output from the radio modem. When ~DTR is not asserted (high), the radio modem asserts ~RI (low) to indicate that it has data waiting for the computing device. The radio modem does not transfer the data until ~DTR is asserted (low). This line can be used to wake up a suspended computing device when the radio modem needs to communicate with it. If ~DTR is already asserted (low) when the radio modem has data to send the computing device, ~RI is not asserted.
~Clear To Send This line is a digital output from the radio modem to the computing device. The active (clear to send) state of this line is low. When asserted low by the radio modem, this line indicates that it is ready to receive data from the computing device. While this line is high, any data sent from the computing device to the RIM GPRS Radio Modem may be lost. This line is a flow control mechanism that is normally reacted to by the UART in your serial communication system. If you do not plan to use it, leave ~CTS disconnected.
~Request To Send This line is an input to the radio modem. The active, request to send, state of this line is low. This line should be asserted low by the computing device to indicate that it is ready to receive data from the radio modem. This is a flow control mechanism that is normally handled by the UART in your serial communication system. If you do not connect this line to your UART, it must be tied low so that it is permanently asserted and enables communication. If your device buffer overflows, it should set RTS inactive to signal the radio modem to pause sending data. There might be a 16-byte overrun after the RTS line is made inactive, so your device should set RTS inactive at least 16 bytes before any critical buffer overflows.
~Data Set Ready This line is a digital output from the radio modem. The active, data set ready (DSR), state of this line is low. Your computing device can use DSR as a confirmation that the radio modem knows the state of the terminal. DSR follows DTR, so the two lines are always at the same voltage. Ground This line should be tied to the system ground of the host unit to ensure proper operation. Pin 9 should also be connected to ground. Integrator Guide 51 Chapter 7: Interface specification Pin 19 Label
~DTR 20 RX 21 TX Description
~Data Terminal Ready This line is a digital input to the radio. The active, data terminal ready (DTR), state of this line is low, and indicates that the computing device is ready to receive data from the radio modem. De-asserting this line high turns communication off;
the radio modem does not attempt to deliver data to the computing device until ~DTR is again asserted low. If you do not intend to use ~DTR, tie it to ground to ensure that it is always asserted during radio modem operation. This line should be driven low when the radio modem is off. Driving
~DTR high when the radio modem is off will consume unnecessary power. Receive This is an input to the radio. Its idle (no serial receive activity) state is high. This line is an asynchronous serial output from the radio modem, and should be connected to the host terminal's Receive Data input. This line carries data at a maximum of 115 200 bits per second. Parameters are 8 bits, No parity, 1 stop bit. This baud rate can be changed using the proper AT command. Transmit This line is an output from the radio modem. Its idle (no serial receive activity) state is high. This line is an asynchronous serial output from the radio modem, and should be connected to the host terminals Transmit Data output. This line carries data at at a maximum of 115 200 bits per second. Parameters are 8 bits, No parity, 1 stop bit. The baud rate can be changed using the proper AT command. 22 TX2 Secondary Transmit This line is for RIM internal use only. Warning: All unused inputs to the radio should be tied to ground, and any unused outputs from the radio should be left disconnected. 52 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Turning the radio on and off Turning the radio on and off To determine the current state of the radio, observe the ONI line. If ONI is high, the radio is on or in the process of shutting off. If ONI is low, the radio is off or in the process of turning on. The TURNON pin is a digital signal that turns the radio on and off. It eliminates the need for a power switch across the power supply to the radio. There are also AT commands that can turn the radio on and off in the same manner as the TURNON line. Turning the radio on There are two ways to turn the radio on. Either set TURNON to high, or transmit the appropriate AT command through the serial communications port. During the startup procedure of the RIM radio modem, which can take several seconds, all AT commands and changes to TURNON will be ignored by the operating system. Do not use theTURNON to indicate radio status. ONI must be used as the indicator of the radio status. It is possible for the radio to be off even though TURNON is asserted. In this case, the radio can be turned on through the appropriate AT command, or by setting TURNON low and then high again. If the radio fails to respond to a high TURNON line or the proper AT command, the radio may require service or the power supplied to the radio may be too low for proper operation. Turning the radio off A controlled shutdown of the RIM radio modem is necessary. There are two ways to turn the radio off. Either de-assert TURNON, or transmit the appropriate AT command through the serial communications port. During the shutdown procedure of the RIM radio modem, which can take several seconds, all AT commands and changes to TURNON will be ignored by the operating system. Do not use the TURNON state to indicate radio status. ONI must be used to indicate radio status. It is possible for the radio to be on even though TURNON is de-asserted. In this case, the radio can be turned off through the appropriate AT command, or by setting TURNON high and then low again. Integrator Guide 53 Chapter 7: Interface specification Note: All inputs to the radio should be low when the radio is turned off. This ensures that power consumption will be reduced to the lowest possible levels. Data that has been received by a RIM GPRS Radio Modem from the network, but has not been transferred to the computing device, will not be saved. The data will be lost when the unit enters shutdown or is turned off. It is not necessary to remove power from pins 7 and 8, unless the application is very power constrained. Resetting the Radio It is recommended that integrators incorporate a method to remove power from pins 7 and 8 on the radio modem during the development and prototype phase. This will enable the device to perform a hard reset of the radio modem, which can be useful in some debugging testing situations. Loading firmware (optional) RIM firmware controls the operation of the radio modem. RIM is committed to the quality of its firmware, and improvements or optimizations may be made from time to time. The radio modem is designed so that loading revised firmware is not required; two RIM GPRS radio modems with different firmware revisions will always be able to communicate with each other, and with the same fixed servers, through the wireless network. Nevertheless, you may choose to design your application in such a way that allows the RIM firmware to be updated after your product is deployed in the field. Because of its large size, firmware cannot be updated over the air. If you decide to implement the ability to update the firmware after the radio modem is deployed, RIM can provide a command-line programming utility that loads firmware into the radio modem. If your device is not MS-DOS-based, the programming utility must reside on a PC or laptop that is connected through its COM port to the radio modems RX and TX lines. This means that the RX and TX lines would be brought out to an external connector, and a switch required to select whether the radio modem is connected to your processor or to the external programming computer. Other lines that are required during reprogramming are DTR (must be asserted low), TURNON (must be asserted high), and GND. 54 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Loading firmware (optional) This external serial port can also be useful for FCC certification testing, and it is highly recommended that this be incorporated into at least one device designated for testing purposes. Integrator Guide 55 Chapter 7: Interface specification 56 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Chapter 8 Antenna selection The antenna is one of the most important components of a wireless communication system. The right antenna will maximize the coverage area of the RIM radio modem. The antenna that you choose should suit your projects needs. There are many different antenna types and options that will meet your engineering and user requirements and remain within budget constraints. We strongly recommend the use of an experienced antenna provider in order to realize the highest gain possible. A well-designed antenna solution will maximize efficiency, coverage area, and battery life. Selecting an antenna Antenna manufacturers have designed and manufactured a wide variety of antennas for use on the GPRS network, and for other radio-frequency (RF) systems operating in the same frequency range. RIM does not recommend specific antennas because the choice of antenna is application-dependent. The performance of an antenna depends on its configuration and environment; the same antenna will behave differently from device to device, even if these devices use the same RIM radio modem. For example, magmount antennas include a magnetic base that allows the antenna to clamp onto a metal surface. This surface is called a ground plane, and it reflects Chapter 8: Antenna selection electromagnetic radiation that would otherwise be lost to the antenna. This reflection effectively doubles the length of the antenna by creating a virtual
mirror image of the antenna beneath the plane. Antenna requirements The following are the minimum requirements of the antenna system used with the RIM GPRS radio modems. Further minimum requirements are pending. Ffor the RIM GPRS Radio Modem hardware integration to be fully compatible with the RIM 902M and RIM 802D radio modems, the antenna must be modular. GPRS has several frequency bands, 1900, 1800, 900, and 850, each of which requires its own antenna. Additionally, GPRS, Mobitex, and DataTac networks have different center frequencies. If the same antenna is used for all three networks, receiver sensitivity is greatly affected. Please contact the RIM OEM Engineering Development team for further details on backwards compatibility. The RIM GPRS Radio Modem requires an impedance of 50 . Introduction to antenna terminology This section introduces some of the terminology that is used to describe antennas, and expands on the summary of antenna requirements, above. Gain and ERP Antennas produce gain by concentrating radiated energy in certain areas, and radiating less energy in other directions. The amount of gain depends on the radiation pattern, antenna match, and antenna efficiency. Antenna gain is given as a rating of the maximum increase in radiated field energy density relative to a dipole antenna, expressed in decibels of power gain (dBd). A dipole is a balanced antenna consisting of two radiators that are each a quarter-wavelength, making a total of a half-wavelength. The widespread use of half-wave dipole antennas at VHF and UHF has led to the use of a half-wave dipole as the reference element. At the antenna port, the output power of the RIM GPRS Radio Modem is as high as 1.0 W at the antenna port. The antenna gain (or loss) results in an increase (or decrease) in this value. The actual output from the antenna is called the Effective 58 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Introduction to antenna terminology Radiated Power, or ERP. For example, if the radio modem delivers 2.0 W of power to a 2.3 dBd gain antenna, the ERP is 2.0 10^(2.310) = 3.4 W, the actual power radiated by the antenna in the direction of maximum gain and polarization. Impedance matching, return loss, and VSWR The antenna, cables, and connectors in a radio frequency system must all possess the same impedance. The impedance required by the RIM GPRS Radio Modem is 50 , which is a widely-available industry standard. Any deviation from this value may result in impedance mismatch and signal loss. Impedance mismatch can also be caused by cable connections, cable lengths, and imperfections in the cables and connectors. The mismatch causes some of the radio frequency energy to be reflected back from the mismatch location. This reflection interferes with the signal and reduces its amplitude, which results in power loss. Antenna mismatch can be expressed as a Return Loss (RL), which is the ratio of reflected power to the incident power, expressed in decibels. RL =
10 log P reflected P output 10 Equation 1: Return Loss The Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) is another way to express the ratio of incident power (from the radio modem) to reflected power (into the radio modem). VSWR =
P
+1 reflected P 1 - P reflected P output output Equation 2: VSWR VSWR = 1 or RL = - dB is a perfect match. In practice, imperfections are inevitable, which means that VSWR will be greater than 1 and RL will be a negative number. Integrator Guide 59 Chapter 8: Antenna selection VSWR and RL normally vary as a function of frequency. Antenna size The optimal antenna radiation efficiency is produced by an antenna measuring one wavelength, l. The value of l for the RIM GPRS Radio Modem is calculated by dividing the speed of light c = 3 x 108 m/s by the center frequency. Antenna lengths of /2, /4, and /8 also work well, and usually result in a relatively well matched antenna. /2 or /4 can be electrically shortened by adding load matching elements to control the antenna match. However, this shortening will reduce the antenna efficiency and, therefore, the effective radiated power. Antenna design considerations Proper antenna positioning maximizes the gain provided by the antenna. When you determine the proper position, consider the environment in which the device will be used. Physical devices can vary significantly, and incorporating the antenna is an integral part of a successful design. When you are designing an antenna, you should consider the following issues:
vertical polarization
proximity to active electronics
transmit interference
device position
antenna cable These issues are discussed below. Vertical polarization The GPRS network is based on vertically polarized radio-frequency transmission. Therefore, the antenna should be oriented to provide vertical polarization. This polarization is achieved by positioning the antenna vertically upward when the 60 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Antenna design considerations radio modem is in use. In small, hand-held devices, it may be convenient to design the unit in such a way that the antenna folds out of the way when not in use. Proximity to active electronics The antenna should be located as far from the active electronics of the computing device as possible. In general, metal construction in the case of the computing device and its internal components may attenuate the signal in certain directions. This is not desirable because it reduces the sensitivity and transmit performance of the radio modem when the computing device is held or positioned in certain orientations. However, the judicious use of metal in the construction of a ground plane for an antenna can significantly improve the antenna gain and the systems coverage. Transmit interference To prevent interference from the antenna into the radio modem during transmit, the antenna must be placed a minimum 2 cm (0.8) away from the radio modem. For best performance, the antenna should be placed more than 5 cm (2) away from the radio modem. Device position
If the computing device is designed to sit on a surface, the antenna should be as far from the bottom of the device as possible. This reduces radio-frequency
(RF) reflections whenever the device is placed on a metal surface.
When the computing device is hand-held or is worn next to the users body, the antenna should be positioned to radiate away from the body. Otherwise, the body absorbs the radiated energy and the effective coverage area of the radio is reduced. Positioning the antenna away from the body also helps the device meet the FCCs RF exposure (SAR/MPE) requirements. Integrator Guide 61 Chapter 8: Antenna selection Antenna cable For best results, the antenna should be connected directly to the antenna cable. If you require an extension cable, it should be low loss, as short as possible, and have an impedance of 50 .. You must use a proper matching connector because each connector in the signal path introduces a return loss and reduces performance. Additional notes The following additional notes are provided courtesy of Larsen Antenna Technologies:
There are a number of critical issues to consider when integrating antennas into portable RF systems. It is important to make allowances early in the design process to optimize performance and provide flexibility in antenna choice. Generally, it is prudent to position the antenna up and away from the radio modem and printer motors to maximize noise reduction and receiver desensitivity. Other high noise areas to be avoided include displays and keypads that can seriously degrade antenna performance. Advances in antenna shielding techniques may also be incorporated to retain the integrity of the system.
Mechanical issues for an integrated antenna revolve around proper cable routing and use of service loops to provide uninhibited antenna rotation if needed. The ability to position the antenna in a manner which will result in antenna deformation, impact resistance and aesthetic requirements must also be considered to design a workable form factor. The option to position the antenna vertically when in use so that performance is optimized is another consideration which can be limiting and a true consideration when choosing to use off-the-shelf solutions.
Custom antenna solutions may be worthy of consideration for some projects. In some applications, custom designed antennas have shown performance increases of up to 2 dB when compared to quality off-the-shelf solutions. The cost of a custom design and resulting production can be as cost efficient as an off-the-shelf solution for projects requiring quantities as low as 20,000 antennas. The use of state-of-the-art antenna theory, printed circuit technology, and application of evolving concepts can produce antennas with reduced sized without compromising performance. 62 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Shielding
Examining the options available, and choosing an antenna early in the development process, can only benefit the performance and aesthetic appeal of a product. The engineering staff at Larsen Antenna Technologies are experts in this field with over 30 years of experience in helping OEMs reach their antenna design and production objectives. Shielding The electrical design of the RIM GPRS Radio Modem provides high immunity to radio-frequency (RF) noise, also called electromagnetic interference (EMI). The metal casing also acts as a shield to help minimize the effect of RF interference originating from the computing device to which it is attached, and to prevent the RIM radio modem from emitting RF energy into the computing device and disrupting the computing devices operation. Consequently, you do not need to provide any additional RF shielding between the radio modem and a computing device, unless the environment contains an extreme level of RF noise (electromagnetic interference). In fact, it would be of greater benefit for the power supply to the radio modem to be free of high-frequency electrical noise, than to provide additional RF shielding. The antenna must be positioned in such a way that the radiated energy is directed away from the computing device. If this positioning is not possible, then RF shielding may be required between the antenna and the computing device. Note: Circuits with a high impedance, and sensitive analog circuits, are especially vulnerable to nearby radio frequency emissions, and may need to be shielded. Circuits like CRTs and LCD display drivers are typically affected. Integrator Guide 63 Chapter 8: Antenna selection 64 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Chapter 9 Specifications The following is a summary of the RIM GPRS radio modems specifications. Power supply & typical current usage Preliminary values. Final values are yet to be determined
Single power supply; operating range: 3.5 to 4.75V DC
Transmit mode: up to 2 A (at 4.2V, output 1.0W) RF properties
Transmit frequency: 1850 to 1910 MHz and 824 to 829 MHz
1.0 W nominal maximum transmit power at antenna port
Receive frequency: 1930 to 1990 MHz and 869 to 894 MHz
Transmitter can reduce output power when near a base station as per GSM specifications
Preliminary receiver sensitivity: -107 dBm at 2.4% error rate
(BER)
Multislot Class 8 Serial communications
3.0V asynchronous serial port Chapter 9: Specifications
Second 3-wire serial port (TX, RX, GND)
Link speed: 1200 to 115,200 bps Other features
ARM Processor running at 32.5 MHz
Software can activate/deactivate radio
Flow control options: Hardware, Xon/Xoff, or None
Radio parameters stored at power down
Terminal devices may power-down while radio-modem remains operational
Fully shielded metal enclosure Mechanical & environmental properties
Weight: 35 g (1.2 oz), including case
Footprint: 42.0 by 67.5 mm (1.65" x 2.66")
Thickness: 8.4 mm (.33")
3.0V interface connectors: 22 pin FPC (Flexible Printed Circuit) connector and 6 pin FPC connector
Antenna cable connector: MMCX
Metal case
Preliminary operating temperature: -30C to +70C (at 5-95% relative humidity, non-condensing)
Preliminary storage temperature: -40C to +85C 66 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Chapter 10 Glossary Chapter 10: Glossary Term Meaning APN CBS dB FPC Gain GMSK GPRS GSM IP MMCX Access Point Name. GPRS network provider's name for a given external network. Cell Broadcast Service. Unacknowledged general short messages to all receivers within a defined geographical area Decibel measures power based on a logarithmic scale. 10 dB = 10 times, 3 dB = 2 times, 10 dB = 0.1 times. Flexible Printed Circuit. The interface cable on the RIM GPRS Radio Modem is made using this type of flat multi-conductor wiring. Also known as FFC (Flat Flex Cable). In this document, refers to increase/decrease in radiated power. The modulation scheme used by airlink communication on GPRS communication. Allows theoretical data rates of 14.4 kbps per timeslot. General Packet Radio Service. The IP-based data network that supplements the existing GSM voice networks throughout the world. Global System for Mobile Communications. A second generation voice communication network standard accepted throughout the world. Internet Protocol. Standard network layer protocol used over many networks including the GPRS network and the Internet. The connector on the RIM GPRS Radio Modem to which an antenna cable is connected. Network Operator The corporation or agency that installs, maintains and authorizes use of a GPRS network in a given area, usually within one country. Noise OEM OSI Undesired, random interference combining with the signal. If the device is not immune to noise, the interference must be overcome with a stronger signal strength. Noise can be produced by electronic components. Original Equipment Manufacturer. Usually implies that the OEM product carries another manufacturers name. The RIM GPRS Radio Modem is designed to be embedded in OEM terminals, PCs, and data gathering equipment. The Open Systems Interconnection model allows different systems, following the applicable standards, to communicate openly with each another. 68 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Term Polarity QoS Radio Modem Radiation Meaning Direction of current flow. Connecting some cables with the wrong polarity (i.e. backward) may damage the device. Quality Of Service. A device that provides modulation and demodulation for a radio frequency communications system. In this document, refers to electromagnetic energy emitted in the radio frequency (RF) band. Return Loss A measure of antenna matching. RF RS-232 RSSI SIM SMS TTL UART VSWR Radio Frequency. The standard asynchronous serial communications interface used by most existing personal computers and mini-computers. Usually refers to both the communications protocol and the electrical interface. Received Signal Strength Indicator. A high RSSI represents a strong signal received by the radio modem from the base station. Subscriber Identity Module. A SIM is necessary in order to activate a GSM/GPRS device on the network. Short Message Service. Messaging services over the circuit-switched GSM networks, up to a maximum of 160 characters. Transistor-Transistor Logic. Used in digital circuits. Low (0) is represented by 0 V and High (1) by 5 V. The RIM RIM GPRS Radio Modem uses 3.0V for High. Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter. Used as an interface between a microprocessor and a serial port. Voltage Standing Wave Ratio. A measure of antenna matching. Refer to "Antenna selection" on page 57 for more information. Integrator Guide 69 Chapter 10: Glossary 70 RIM GPRS Radio Modem Index A antenna gain, 58 return loss, 69 shielding, 63 VSWR, 59, 69 C cables serial, 34 I interface connecting to, 34 test board, 24 UART, 69 M mounting permanent, 33 N noise shielding, 63 O OEM, 68 P power supply alkaline batteries, 42 automotive supplies, 42 load specifications, 39 plug-in supply, 42 R RS232, 69 Integrator Guide 71
' 2002 Research In Motion Limited Produced in Canada
| frequency | equipment class | purpose | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2002-07-02 | 1850 ~ 1910 | TNB - Licensed Non-Broadcast Station Transmitter | Original Equipment |
| app s | Applicant Information | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Effective |
2002-07-02
|
||||
| 1 | Applicant's complete, legal business name |
BlackBerry Limited
|
||||
| 1 | FCC Registration Number (FRN) |
0006040703
|
||||
| 1 | Physical Address |
2200 University Avenue East
|
||||
| 1 |
Waterloo, Ontario, N/A N2K 0A7
|
|||||
| 1 |
Canada
|
|||||
| app s | TCB Information | |||||
| n/a | ||||||
| app s | FCC ID | |||||
| 1 | Grantee Code |
L6A
|
||||
| 1 | Equipment Product Code |
R6420GN
|
||||
| app s | Person at the applicant's address to receive grant or for contact | |||||
| 1 | Name |
J**** W****** J********
|
||||
| 1 | Title |
Team Lead, RF Design
|
||||
| 1 | Telephone Number |
519-4********
|
||||
| 1 | Fax Number |
519-8********
|
||||
| 1 |
j******@blackberry.com
|
|||||
| app s | Technical Contact | |||||
| 1 | Firm Name |
Research In Motion Limited
|
||||
| 1 | Name |
M**** S****** A********
|
||||
| 1 | Physical Address |
305 Phillip Street
|
||||
| 1 |
Waterloo, N2L 3W8
|
|||||
| 1 |
Canada
|
|||||
| 1 | Telephone Number |
+1 51******** Extension:
|
||||
| 1 | Fax Number |
+1 51********
|
||||
| 1 |
m******@rim.net
|
|||||
| app s | Non Technical Contact | |||||
| 1 | Firm Name |
Research In Motion Limited
|
||||
| 1 | Name |
M******** S**** A****
|
||||
| 1 | Physical Address |
305 Phillip Street
|
||||
| 1 |
Waterloo, N2L 3W8
|
|||||
| 1 |
Canada
|
|||||
| 1 | Telephone Number |
+1 51******** Extension:
|
||||
| 1 | Fax Number |
+1 51********
|
||||
| 1 |
m******@rim.net
|
|||||
| app s | Confidentiality (long or short term) | |||||
| 1 | Does this application include a request for confidentiality for any portion(s) of the data contained in this application pursuant to 47 CFR § 0.459 of the Commission Rules?: | Yes | ||||
| 1 | Long-Term Confidentiality Does this application include a request for confidentiality for any portion(s) of the data contained in this application pursuant to 47 CFR § 0.459 of the Commission Rules?: | No | ||||
| if no date is supplied, the release date will be set to 45 calendar days past the date of grant. | ||||||
| app s | Cognitive Radio & Software Defined Radio, Class, etc | |||||
| 1 | Is this application for software defined/cognitive radio authorization? | No | ||||
| 1 | Equipment Class | TNB - Licensed Non-Broadcast Station Transmitter | ||||
| 1 | Description of product as it is marketed: (NOTE: This text will appear below the equipment class on the grant) | GPRS OEM Radio Modems 1902GS & 1902G | ||||
| 1 | Related OET KnowledgeDataBase Inquiry: Is there a KDB inquiry associated with this application? | No | ||||
| 1 | Modular Equipment Type | Does not apply | ||||
| 1 | Purpose / Application is for | Original Equipment | ||||
| 1 | Composite Equipment: Is the equipment in this application a composite device subject to an additional equipment authorization? | No | ||||
| 1 | Related Equipment: Is the equipment in this application part of a system that operates with, or is marketed with, another device that requires an equipment authorization? | No | ||||
| 1 | Grant Comments | Power is conducted. Antenna gain is not to exceed 5.15 dBi. This device must be used in mobile configurations. The antenna(s) used for this transmitter must be installed to provide a separation distance of at least 20 cm from all persons and must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. Users and installers must be provided with antenna installation instructions and transmitter operating conditions for satisfying RF exposure compliance. | ||||
| 1 | Is there an equipment authorization waiver associated with this application? | No | ||||
| 1 | If there is an equipment authorization waiver associated with this application, has the associated waiver been approved and all information uploaded? | No | ||||
| app s | Test Firm Name and Contact Information | |||||
| n/a | ||||||
| Equipment Specifications | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Line | Rule Parts | Grant Notes | Lower Frequency | Upper Frequency | Power Output | Tolerance | Emission Designator | Microprocessor Number | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 1 | 24E | 1850 | 1910 | 0.394 | 2.5 ppm | 245KGXW | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 22.901(d) | 824 | 849 | 0.676 | 2.5 ppm | 247KGXW | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
some individual PII (Personally Identifiable Information) available on the public forms may be redacted, original source may include additional details
This product uses the FCC Data API but is not endorsed or certified by the FCC