FCC ID: PL6-2305-BTS2-R1 Base Station Transmitter

Ripwave Base Station Installation & Commissioning Guide Part Number 40-00047-00 Revision H, Version 1.0 February 4, 2005 All information disclosed by this document is the proprietary property of Navini Networks, Inc. and is protected by copyright, trademark, and/or trade secret laws. All rights therein are expressly reserved. Proprietary Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide About This Document Purpose This document provides a Navini-certified Installation & Commissioning Technician or Field Engineer with instructions to properly install the Base Transceiver Station (BTS), Radio Frequency Subsystem (RFS), and cabling; and to test and commission the Base Station after installation. Revision History Date Revision/

Version 1.31.05 H/1.0 2.4.05 H/1.0 Authors L. Font L. Font Editors Comments S. Redfoot Commercial Release 4.1.6 S. Redfoot Custom Version for Testing Contacts Contact Navini Networks Technical Support during normal business hours: Monday through Friday 8:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. Central Time. You can also submit questions or comments by web or email at any time. Corporate Headquarters:

Technical Support:

Offshore Number:

Local Dallas Number:

Web Address:

E-mail:

Navini Networks, Inc. 2240 Campbell Creek Blvd. Suite 110 Richardson, Texas 75082 USA

(972) 852-4200. 1-866-RIPWAVE 001 (972) 852-4389

(972) 852-4389 www.navini.com / select Support techsupport@navini.com 2 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Permissions, Trademarks & Distribution Copyright 2005, Navini Networks, Inc. All information contained herein and disclosed by this document is the proprietary property of Navini Networks, Inc. and all rights therein are expressly reserved. Acceptance of this material signifies agreement by the recipient that the information contained in this document is confidential and that it will be used solely for the purposes set forth herein. Acceptance of this material signifies agreement by the recipient that it will not be used, reproduced in whole or in part, disclosed, distributed, or conveyed to others in any manner or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or information storage and retrieval systems without the express written permission of Navini Networks, Inc. Navini Networks, Internet at the Speed of Thought, zero-install, unwired by Navini, the Navini Networks logo, and Ripwave are trademarks of Navini Networks, Inc. Other product and company names mentioned herein may be trademarks and/or service marks of their respective owners. Nothing herein constitutes any representation, warranty, assurance, or guaranty of any kind. Because of continuing developments and improvements in design, manufacturing, and deployment, material in this document is subject to change without notification and does not represent any commitment or obligation on the part of Navini Networks, Inc. Navini Networks, Inc. shall have no liability for any error or damages resulting from the use of this document. Any unauthorized usage is strictly prohibited without the express written permission of Navini Networks, Inc. Copyright 2005 Navini Networks, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Navini Networks, Inc. 2240 Campbell Creek Boulevard Suite 110 Richardson, Texas 75082 USA 3 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Table of Contents CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW......................................................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. RIPWAVE DESCRIPTION .....................................................................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. PROCEDURAL DOCUMENTS & FORMS ...............................................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. HIGH-LEVEL I&C PROCESS ...............................................................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. BASE STATION COMPONENTS............................................................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS .............................................................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. BTS INPUT/OUTPUT SPECIFICATIONS................................................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. CHAPTER 2: INSTALLATION..............................................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. PRE-INSTALLATION............................................................................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. INSTALL POWER & GROUNDING........................................................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. INSTALL CABLES ...............................................................................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. INSTALL THE BTS..............................................................................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. INSTALL GPS ANTENNAS..................................................................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. INSTALL THE RFS..............................................................................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. VERIFY INSTALLED CIRCUIT CARDS..................................................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. BASE STATION INSTALLATION CERTIFICATION .................................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. CHAPTER 3: COMMISSIONING..........................................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. REVIEW CUSTOMER NETWORK PLANS ..............................................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. INSTALL EMS SERVER ......................................................................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. VERIFY CABLE CONNECTIONS...........................................................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. CONFIGURE & POWER UP THE BTS...................................................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. CALIBRATE THE BASE STATION.........................................................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. EXPORT BTS DATA...........................................................................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. PERFORM THE CALIBRATION VERIFICATION PROCEDURE .................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. SINGLE ANTENNA ELEMENT TEST.....................................................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. INSTALL & TEST CUSTOMER EMS OPERATIONS...............................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. PERFORM CALIBRATION USING CUSTOMERS EMS ..........................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. VERIFY SYSTEM PERFORMANCE........................................................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. VERIFY SYSTEM OPERATION WITH MULTIPLE MODEMS...................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. BACK UP EMS DATABASE................................................................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. CUSTOMER ACCEPTANCE ..................................................................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. APPENDIX C: BTS SPECIFICATIONS................................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. APPENDIX G: SAMPLE BASE STATION DRAWING ......................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. APPENDIX H: ANTENNA POWER & CABLE SELECTION ...........ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. APPENDIX I: SAMPLE BILL OF MATERIALS (BOM)....................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. APPENDIX K: RFS SYSTEM TEST (CABLE & RFS SWEEP) .........ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. APPENDIX O: BASE STATION INSTALLATION CERTIFICATION...............ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. APPENDIX S: LOCATION (FTP) TESTS.............................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. APPENDIX V: IC CLOSEOUT TOOL ..................................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 4 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Safety To optimize safety and expedite installation and service, read this document thoroughly. Follow all warnings, cautions, and instructions marked on the equipment and included in this document. To aid in the prevention of injury and damage to property, cautionary symbols have been placed in this document to alert the reader to known potentially hazardous situations, or hazards to equipment or procedures. The symbols are placed before the information to which they apply. However, any situation that involves heavy equipment and electricity can become hazardous, and caution and safety should be practiced at all times when installing, servicing, or operating the equipment. Caution Symbol - possible equipment or property damage Warning Symbol - could cause personal injury or otherwise be hazardous to your health Navini Networks, Inc., expressly requires that when using Navini electronic equipment always follow the basic safety precautions to reduce the risk of electrical shock, fire, and injury to people and/or property. 1. Follow all warnings and instructions that come with the equipment. 2. Do not use the equipment while you are in a bathtub, shower, pool, or spa. Exposure of the equipment to water could cause severe electrical shock or serious damage to the equipment. 3. Do not allow any type of liquid to come in contact with the equipment. Unplug the equipment from the power source before cleaning. Use a damp cloth for cleaning. Do not use any soaps or liquid cleaners. 4. Follow all airport and FAA regulations when using the equipment on or near aircraft. 5. Only operate the equipment from the type of power source(s) indicated in this manual

(110/220 VAC, 60/50 Hz or Navini supplied battery). Any other type of input power source may cause damage to the equipment. 6. Power the equipment using only the battery or the AC adapter cable provided, and in accordance with the instructions specified in the User Guide. 7. Do not use a frayed or damaged power cord. Do not place the power cord where it can be 8. Do not touch wires where the insulation is frayed or worn unless the equipment has been 9. Do not overload wall outlets, power strips, or extension cords. This can cause serious stepped on or tripped over. disconnected from its power source. electrical shock or fire. 10. Do not place the equipment on an unstable surface. It can fall and cause injury or damage to 5 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide the equipment. 11. Do not disassemble the equipment. Removing covers exposes dangerous voltages or other risks and also voids the warranty. Incorrect reassembly can cause equipment damage or electrical shock. Only an authorized repair technician should service this product. 12. Do not expose the equipment to extreme hot or cold temperatures. 13. Do not use the equipment under the following conditions:

When the equipment has been exposed to water or moisture. When the equipment has been damaged. When the power cord is damaged or frayed. When the equipment does not operate properly or shows a distinct change in performance. 6 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Regulatory & Safety Information Safety Notice WARNING! This device is a Radio Frequency transmitter. A minimum separation distance of 2 meters or more must be maintained between the antenna and all persons during device operations to ensure safe operation. If this minimum distance cannot be maintained, exposure to RF levels that exceed safety limits may result. FCC Notice WARNING! This device is a Radio Frequency transmitter. It is required to comply with FCC RF exposure requirements for transmitting devices. A minimum separation distance of 2 meters or more must be maintained between the antenna and all persons during device operations to ensure compliance with the FCCs rules for Radio Frequency Exposure. If this minimum distance cannot be maintained, exposure to RF levels that exceed the FCCs limits may result. INFORMATION TO USER This device has been authorized as a radio frequency transmitter under the appropriate rules of the Federal Communications Commission. Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by Navini Networks could void the users authority to operate the equipment. UL & NEC/CEC Regulations 1. The Ripwave BTS must be installed in accordance with NEC/CEC Articles 800/810/830. 2. As a minimum, all DC power leads and bonding/grounding straps shall be 6 AWG copper conductors. 3. GPS, RF, and power/data cables in excess of 140 feet in length must have protective devices installed that are UL listed to UL 492, UL497A or UL497B, UL497C, and UL1449. 4. Lightning protection is recommended. If used, the lightning protection devices must comply with UL497. output. 5. Power supplies should be UL listed to UL60950 or UL60950-1 and have earthed SELV 6. Ethernet connections require a UL497B listed protection device to be installed between the BTS and the first network device. T1 connections must be routed from the BTS through a UL497 listed protection device at the demarcation point. 7. T1/E1 interconnect cables between the BTS and demarcation point must be a minimum of #26 AWG wire, in accordance with NEC/CEC standards. 8. All power and ground conductors must be mechanically supported to avoid strain of the 7 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide wires and connection points. 9. A UL listed disconnect device, such as a circuit breaker or fuse, must be installed between the power supply and BTS chassis connections. 10. Power-interconnect wires between the power supply/recitifier and the BTS Digital chassis must have heat shrink tubing applied over the barrel of the terminal lugs after crimping the wire. A picture is provided in the Installation section of this manual. 11. If it is necessary to replace a fuse on a CHP, CC or PA board, a fuse of the same type and with the same rating must be used to insure continued protection against risk of fire. EU Alert Mark

0470 Undertegnede Navini Networks erklrer herved, at flgende udstyr 2.4 GHz BTS overholder de vsentlige krav og vrige relevante krav i direktiv 1999/5/EF. Hierbij verklaart Navini Networks dat het toestel 2.4 GHz BTS in overeenstemming is met de essentile eisen en de andere relevante bepalingen van richtlijn 1999/5/EG. Hereby, Navini Networks declares that the 2.4 GHz BTS is in compliance with the essential requirements and other relevant provisions of Directive 1999/5/EC. Hiermit erklrt Navini Networks dass sich dieser/diese/dieses 2.4 GHz BTS in bereinstimmung mit den grundlegenden Anforderungen und den anderen relevanten Vorschriften der Richtlinie 1999/5/EG befindet. Navini Networks 2.4 GHz BTS 1999/5/. Navini Networks vakuuttaa tten ett 2.4 GHz BTS tyyppinen laite on direktiivin 1999/5/EY oleellisten vaatimusten ja sit koskevien direktiivin muiden ehtojen mukainen. Par la prsente, Navini Networks dclare que ce 2.4 GHz BTS est conforme aux exigences essentielles et aux autres dispositions de la directive 1999/5/CE qui lui sont applicables. Con la presente Navini Networks dichiara che questa 2.4 GHz BTS conforme ai requisiti essenziali ed alle altre disposizioni pertinenti stabilite dalla direttiva 1999/5/CE. Navini Networks declara que la 2.4 GHz BTS est conforme com os requisitos essenciais e outras disposies da Directiva 1999/5/CE. Por medio de la presente Navini Networks declara que la 2.4 GHz BTS cumple con los requisitos esenciales y cualesquiera otras disposiciones aplicables o exigibles de la Directiva 1999/5/CE. Hrmed intygar Navini Networks att denna 2.4 GHz BTS str I verensstmmelse med de vsentliga egenskapskrav och vriga relevanta bestmmelser som framgr av direktiv 1999/5/EG. Danish Dutch English German Greek Finnish French Italian Portuguese Spanish Swedish EU Restrictions

(English) Austria: Plug-in radio devices should be used only with the host equipment and external antennas specified by the manufacturer. 8 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide France: Use of this equipment is limited to the 2446.5-2483.5 MHz band, with some geographical constraints and the EIRP limited to -20dBW/MHz. Indoor: EIRP limited to 10 mW in the 2400-2446 MHz band. Inside a private area: EIRP limited to 100 mW in the 2446-2483.5 MHz band, with authorization. Outside a private area: the band is not opened. Belgium: EIRP limited to 10 mW. Hungary: Processing gain: 10 dB minimum. Antenna type: integral or external with maximum gain of 6 dBi. Italy: No restrictions if used outside own premises; a general authorization is required. Luxembourg: No restrictions. System provider for third party traffic may require a Telecommunications Act License The Netherlands: No license required indoor or outdoor for EIRP up to 10 mW. No license required indoor only for EIRP up to 100 mW. License required outdoor for EIRP up to 100 mW within 24512471 MHz. Current use of this band by the Government should be protected. United Kingdom: A system provider for third party traffic may require a Wireless Telegraphy and/or Telecommunications Act License

(Espaol) Austria: Los dispositivos de radio enchufables deben ser conectados nicamente con el equipo y las antenas externas declarados por el fabricante. Francia: Limitado a la banda de 2446,5-2483,5 MHz, con EIRP no mayor que 20 dBW/MHz, y con algunas restricciones geogrficas. En interiores el EIRP debe limitarse a 10 mW en la banda de 2400-2446 MHz. Dentro de reas privadas el EIRP debe limitarse a 100 mW en la banda de 2446-2483,5 MHz, con autorizacin. Fuera de las reas privadas la banda no esta abierta. Blgica: El EIRP est limitado a 10 mW. Hungra: Se requiere una ganancia de procesamiento de al menos 10 dB y una antena de tipo integral o exterior con una ganancia mxima de 6 dBi. Italia: No existe ninguna restriccin si se utiliza fuera de propias premisas, pero se requiere una autorizacin general. Luxemburgo: No existe ninguna restriccin, pero un proveedor de servicios de sistema para trfico de terceros puede requerir una licencia en conformidad con el Acta de Telecomunicaciones 9 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Pases Bajos: No se requiere licencia para operar a 10 mW en interior o exterior. No se requiere licencia para operar a 100 mW en interiores solamente. Se requiere una licencia para operar a 100 mW en la banda de 2451-2471 MHz en el exterior. Debe protegerse el uso actual de esta banda por parte del gobierno. Reino Unido: Un proveedor de servicios de sistema para trafico de terceros podra requerir una Licencia de Telegrafa Inalmbrica y/o un permiso en conformidad con el Acta de Telecomunicaciones.

(Franais) Autriche: Les dispositifs de radio doivent tre branchs uniquement sur l'quipement et les antennes externes spcifis par le fabricant. France: Limit la bande des 2446,5-2483,5 MHz avec certaines restrictions gographiques et le EIRP limit -20dBW/MHz. lintrieur: EIRP limit 10 mW dans la bande des 2400-

2446 MHz. linterieur, dune zone prive: EIRP limit 100 mW dans la bande des 2446-

2483,5 MHz, avec autorisation. lextrieur dune zone prive: la bande n'est pas ouverte. Belgique: Le EIRP est limit 10 mW. Hongrie: Le gain de traitement doit tre dau moins 10 dB, et lantenne doit tre de type intgral ou extrieure avec un gain maximum de 6 dBi. Italie: Il n-y a aucune restriction sil est utilis en dehors de propres locaux, mais une autorisation gnrale est exige. Luxembourg: Il ny a aucune restriction, mais un fournisseur de services de systme pour le trafic de tiers peut tre demand davoir un permis en conformit avec la Loi des Tlcommunications. Pays-Bas: Aucun permis nest pas ncessaire pour oprer 10 mW lintrieur ou lextrieur. Aucun permis nest pas ncessaire pour oprer 100 mW lintrieur seulement. Il faut avoir un permis pour oprer 100 mW dans la bande des 2451-2471MHz lextrieur. Il faut protger lutilisation actuelle de la bande par le gouvernement. Royaume Uni: Un fournisseur de services de systme pour le trafic de tiers peut tre demand davoir un permis de Tlgraphie sans fil et/ou un permis en conformit avec la Loi des Tlcommunications. 10 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Battery Caution & Procedures WARNING! To reduce risk of injury or fire, follow these instructions when handling the battery. 1. Risk of explosion is possible if the battery is replaced with one not supplied by Navini Networks. battery disposal guidelines. 2. Do not dispose of the battery in a fire. It may explode. Check with the local codes for 3. Do not open or mutilate the battery. The battery contains substances that are toxic, corrosive, or harmful to humans. If battery substances come in contact with the skin, seek medical help immediately. 4. Do not attempt to recharge the battery by any means except per the instructions in this manual. 5. Remove the battery from the equipment if the equipment is not going to be used for a long period of time. The battery could leak and cause damage to the equipment. 6. Exercise care when handling the battery to prevent shorting the battery with conducting materials such as bracelets, rings, and keys. 7. Store the battery pack in a dry place, 0 to +40 degrees Celsius. 8. Dispose of used batteries according to environmental guidelines. 11

Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Glossary of Terms & Abbreviations Term 802.11 Stands For.... 802.11 Standard ACC ACK AP AMI ARP Access Channel or Access Code Channel Acknowledge Access Point Alternate Mark Inversion Address Resolution Protocol ARQ Automatic Repeat reQuest ASYNCH Asynchronous AWG ATM B8ZS BB BBU BCC BoM BS American Wire Gauge Asynchronous Transfer Mode Biploar 8-Zero Substitution Broadband Battery Backup Unit Broadcast Code (or Control) Channel Bill of Materials Base Station BTS Base Transceiver Station BW Bandwidth BYTE Byte Meaning An IEEE LAN standard for wireless Ethernet replacement technology in the ISM band. Runs at up to 10 Mbps. AKA, Paging Channel. The signal path that tells a mobile to prepare for an incoming call. Positive message sent by a protocol to acknowledge reception of a transmitted packet Wireless LAN transceiver that acts as a center point of an all-

wireless network or as a connection point between wireless and wired networks. Old method for encoding data on a 64 kbps channel, which requires 8 kbps to maintain synchronization, leaving only 56 kbps available to transmit data The function of the ARP is to match higher-level network IP addresses with the physical hardware address of a piece of equipment. A protocol for error control in data transmission that automatically requests the transmitter to resend a packet when the receiver detects an error in the packet. Not occurring at regular intervals, as in data piped over a network A measure of thickness of copper, aluminum or other wiring in the U.S. Transporting a broad range of user data at irregular intervals over network facilities An encoding method used on T1 circuits that inserts two successive ones of the same voltage - referred to as a bipolar violation - into a signal whenever eight consecutive zeros are transmitted. RF system with constant data rate of 1.5 Mbps or higher. Equipment used to keep a BTS operating in the event of a power outage A channel of data transmitted by one entity and received by many devices. List of the actual equipment to be manufactured and shipped to the installation site. Network Access equipment and software that transmits and receives, as well as processes, voice or data calls from mobile units to network connections. A Ripwave Base Station consists of the Base Transceiver Station (BTS) and the Radio Frequency Subsystem (RFS), or antenna, plus a Global Positioning System (GPS) antenna for timing. The Ripwave BTS is a two-shelf rack that holds the RF modules and digital circuit cards that interpret radio signals into computer language and sends messages to and from the local or wide area network. It functions between the RFS and the EMS to handle the signaling. Frequency spectrum usable for data transfers. It describes the maximum data rate that a signal can attain on the medium without encountering significant loss of power. Usually expressed in bits per second (digital) or Hertz (analog). 8 bits 12 1Compact Disk or 2Change Directory1An optical disk capable of storing large amounts of data (700x Compact Disk - Read Only Memory See CD. If a CD is not Read Only, computers can write data Navini Networks, Inc. Term CAM Stands For.... 1Configuration & Alarm Manager or 2Content Addressable Memory CBR Constant Bit Rate 1Communications Controller or 2Cross-check CDMA Code Division Multiple Access Cell Delay Variation Tolerance Channel Processor Card Command Line Interface Common Object Request Broker Agent Customer Premise Equipment D4 dB Decibel dBd Decibel/Dipole CC CD CD-ROM CDVT CHP CLEC CLI CORBA CPE D4 Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Meaning 1An EMS functionality that is handled through a Graphical User Interface for purposes of configuring elements in the system and handling other OAM requirements. 2Module of the BTS software used to provide mappings of users to channels. One of the two service categories available for the Management PVC in the ATM/T1 BTS configuration (the other one is UBR) 1A type of circuit card that resides in the Digital shelf of the Ripwave BTS. It handles all interfaces between BTS and network. 2An EMS functionality that allows the system to perform an automated sanity check of the datafill. floppy disk). It can be inserted into most PCs and read to load files onto a computer 2A software programming term in C language that tells the computer to go to a different location in the computers memory. Digital cellular technology that uses a spread-spectrum technique where individual conversations are encoded with a random digital sequence. Increases capacity and speed of communications messages between mobile units over other types of wireless networks. to it with that capability. Delay variation parameter required by UBR and CBR. A card in the digital shelf of the BTS that performs the first stage of signal processing for up to 4 antennae. One Navini 2.4 GHz BTS has 8 antennae. The card performs digital-to-analog conversion (DAC) and analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) for up to 10 carriers. Exchange Carrier (LEC). A text-based programming language through which a user communicates with an operating system or an application. A standard for Network Management Systems that allows integration with NMS regardless of programming language or Operating System. Communications equipment (Modem) that resides at the customers location. A framing standard for traditional time-division multiplexing, which standard describes user channels multiplexed onto a trunk that has been segmented (framed) into 24 bytes of 8 bits each. (See also ESF.) A logarithmic expression of the ratio between two signal power, voltage, or current levels. A decibel is one-tenth of a Bel, a seldom-used unit named for Alexander Graham Bell, inventor of the telephone. A ratio, measured in decibels, of the effective gain of an antenna compared to a dipole antenna (2 horizontal rods in line with each other). The greater the dBd value the higher the gain and therefore the more acute the angle of coverage. 13 Competitive Local Exchange Carrier A telephone company that competes with an incumbent Local Digital Signal Processing/Processor Compressing or manipulating analog signals to digital signals Navini Networks, Inc. Term dBi Stands For.... Decibel/Isotropic DHCP DiffServ Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Differentiated Service DIR DL DNS DS-1 DSL DSP EID EMS enet ERP ESF FCC FE FEC Directory DownLink Domain Name Server Digital Signal - 1 Digital Subscriber Line Equipment Identifier Element Management System Ethernet Effective Radiated Power Extended Superframe Federal Communications Commission Far End 1Forward Error Correction or 2Fast Ethernet Controller FTP File Transfer Protocol Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Meaning A ratio, measured in decibels, of the effective gain of an antenna compared to an isotropic antenna (measured along axes in all directions). The greater the dBi value the higher the gain and therefore the more acute the angle of coverage. A protocol for dynamically assigning IP addresses to devices on a network. Different Quality of Service (QoS) descriptions for different types of traffic, i.e., voice, video, email. The DiffServ table is where each level of QoS is defined. Equivalent to Class of Service (COS) in POTS. A special kind of file used to organize other files into a hierarchical structure. In this case, data messages transmitted from the BTS to the Modem. TCP/IP networking term that is a protocol for matching objects to network (IP) addresses. Also T1 or E1. Digital transmission equipment that can handle up to 1.544 Mbps. A type of service whereby users gain access to the Internet through high-speed data networks. and vice-versa. Field in EMS for assigning IP address or name to individual pieces of equipment for purposes of configuring the system. An application that allows the user to define and manipulate managed objects as a system within an overall network. The most widely-installed local area network (LAN) technology. Ethernet is specified in the IEEE 802.3 standard and typically uses coaxial cable or special grade of twisted pair wires. The actual power in Watts radiated from a transmitters antenna. In T-carrier, a synchronization frame that delineates 24 DS1 frames Note: ESF requires less frequent synchronization than the T-carrier D4 superframe format. (See also D4.) United States government regulatory agency that supervises, licenses and otherwise controls electronic and electromagnetic transmission standards. A relative term that refers to the receiving element in a network, as opposed to the near-end element that is transmitting data. 1A system of error control for data transmission wherein the receiving device has the capability to detect and correct any character or code block that contains fewer than a predetermined number of symbols in error. 2A process created and attached during BTS booting for the 10/100 Ethernet ports on the BTS. A TCP/IP method consisting of a client and server and used to transfer files between two or more sites or elements in a network. 14 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Stands For.... Gain Gigabit Gigabyte Gigahertz Global Positioning System Graphical User Interface Hardware Hertz Installation & Commissioning Inter-exchange Carrier Interface Card Inverse Multiplexing over ATM Internet Internet Protocol Term Gain Gb GB GHz GPS GUI HW Hz I&C IEC IF IMA inet IP ISM ISP Kb KB KHz L1 L2 Layer 2 L3 Layer 3 LAN Local Area Network Meaning Ratio of the output amplitude of a signal to the input amplitude of a signal, expressed in decibels (dB). One billion (1,000,000,000) bits. One billion (1,000,000,000) bytes. One billion (1,000,000,000) hertz - cycles per second. Ultra high frequency (UHF) signals, including microwave signals. A constellation of 24 well-spaced satellites that orbit the earth and enable users with GPS antennas to pinpoint their exact geographical position. A graphic rather than purely text based user interface to a computer or computing system. Physical, tangible equipment 1 cycle per second. Term used to describe the procedures of physically installing technical equipment then powering up the equipment to make sure it will operate (to put it into commission). Also IXC. Public switching network service provider (carrier) that connects across and between local exchange carriers

(LEC). Card on the digital shelf of the Ripwave BTS that takes the analog signal from the Channel Processor card (CHP) and converts it to a baseband signal before sending it on to the RF modules for transmission (forward link), and vice-versa

(reverse link). A method of building dynamic routes of 2 or more T1s to increase bandwidth so that PVCs can share the IMA resources, as needed, for data transmissions. A worldwide system of computer networks in which users at any one computer can, if they have permission, get information from any other computer (and sometimes talk directly to users at other computers.) A TCP/IP protocol used to route data from its source to its destination. A company that provides access to the Internet. 1,024 bits 1,024 bytes 1,000 hertz. Physical Layer. Part of the OSI rules and standards for network management. L1 describes the physical layer, or electrical and mechanical port-to-port connections, in the network. Data Link Layer. Part of the OSI rules and standards for network management. L2 describes the data link layer where data is set up and torn down in a specific format (frames), through the overall network. Also responsible for detecting and correcting errors by requesting retransmission. Network Layer. Part of the OSI rules and standards for network management. L3 describes the network addressing that gets data to its destination within the network, i.e., IP addressing. A data network of interconnected computers, servers, printers, and other peripherals that communicate at high speeds over short distances, usually within the same building. Also allows for sharing of resources. 15 Industrial, Scientific and Medical Unlicensed band around 2.4 MHz Internet Service Provider Kilobit Kilobyte Kilohertz Layer 1 Navini Networks, Inc. Term LCP LED LLC Stands For.... Link Control Protocol Light-emitting Diode Logical Link Controller LOS Line-of-sight MAC Media Access Control Megabit Megabyte Megabits Per Second Multi-Carrier Beam Forming Synchronized Modem Card Megahertz Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Meaning Basis of the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) scheme for negotiating and establishing connections. An electronic device that lights up when electricity passes through it. Often used to indicate equipment or system state. A protocol that governs the transition of frames between data stations regardless of how the medium is shared. Its the upper sub-layer that further defines the Media Access Control (MAC) protocol. It provides the basis for an unacknowledged connectionless service on a LAN - i.e., error correction, multiplexing, broadcasting. Describes laser, microwave, RF, and infrared transmission systems that require no obstruction in a direct path between the transmitter and the receiver. Protocol that governs access to a network in order to transmit data between nodes. In a wireless LAN, the MAC is the radio controller protocol (L2). One million (1,000,000) bits. One million bytes. Literally - 1,048,576 bytes. Transmission speed at rate of one million bytes per second. Multiple Access technology used by Navini Ripwave systems A card in the Navini BTS that converts digital signals into analog so the signals can be transmitted over telephone lines, and vice-

versa. Modem stands for modulator/demodulator. One million (1,000,000) hertz - cycles per second. Normally used to refer to how fast a microprocessor can execute instructions. Network Interface Card National Electrical Code Multipoint Multi-channel Distribution Service 1Near-end or 2Network Element Management Information Base A collection of managed objects used in SNMP-based networks. MIBs carry information in a standard format so external tools can analyze network management and performance. Fixed wireless, high-speed local service that operates at 2.1 - 2.7 GHz. Speed 10 Mbps. Originally conceived for cable TV service. 1The transmitting end, versus the receiving end, of a signal transmission. 2 A router, switch, or hub in an ISDN network. Official rules and regulations that apply to the installation of electrical equipment in the U.S. A computer circuit board or card that is installed in a computer so that it can be connected to a network. Network interface cards provide a dedicated, full-time connection to a network. Describes laser, microwave, RF, and infrared transmission systems that can penetrate obstructions in the path between the transmitter and the receiver. A product that helps manage a network generally hosted on a well-equipped computer such as an engineering workstation. The system tracks network statistics and resources. A centralized point, much like a traffic control tower, where technicians or engineers can monitor network activity, alarms, and statistics, as well as make network configuration and other changes dynamically. For Internet, the NOC is often a hub for ISP services. Network Management System Network Operations Center Non Line-of-site Mb MB Mbps MCBS MDM MHz MIB MMDS NE NEC NIC NLOS NMS NOC 16 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Term OAM OS OSI OTA PC PCB PDU Ping Stands For.... Operation, Administration, Maintenance Operating System Open Systems Interconnection Over-the-Air Personal Computer Printed Circuit Board Packet Data Unit or Protocol Data Unit Ping PPPoE Propagation Point-to-point Protocol Over Ethernet Propagation PSK Phase Shift Keying PSN Packet Switched Network PSTN PVC QAM QoS RAM Public Switched Telephone Network Private Virtual Circuit Quality of Service 1Random Access Memory or 2Responsibility Assign Matrix RBW Resolution Band Width Meaning A set of network management functions. Also describes the human-machine interface tasks - i.e., to operate the system, to administer the system, and to maintain the system. A software program that manages the basic operation of a computer. Most Operating Systems are either based on An ISO model for worldwide communications that defines 7 layers of network protocol: L1 Physical Layer; L2 Data Link Layer; L3 Network Layer; L4 Transport Layer; L5 Session Layer; L6 Presentation Layer; L7 Application Layer. A standard for the transmission and reception of application-

related information in a wireless communications system. Any IBM-compatible computer, so named because IBMs first commercial end user computer was called a PC. A hardware module that holds electronic circuitry and usually fits into a larger frame where the various PCBs are interconnected electronically. A data packet. Refers to that which is exchanged between peer-

layer entities. Contains header, data, and trailer information. Generalized term from sonar science, where a short sound burst is sent out and an echo or ping is received. Used to determine if signals or packets have been dropped, duplicated, or reordered. A protocol that allows dial-up Internet connections. Includes the Link Control Protocol as well as Network Control Protocols. To spread out and affect a greater area; travel through space, as in radio waves. Digital transmission term that means an angle modulation where the phase of the carrier varies in relation to a reference or former phase. An encoded shift. Each change of phase carries one bit of information, where the bit rate equals the modulation rate. A network in which data is transferred in units called packets. Packets can be routed individually and reassembled to form a complete message at the definition. Typically used in the same context as POTS. Analogous to a network of major highways originally built by a single organization but added to and expanded by multiple organizations. AKA, backbone networks. A software-defined logical connection between end points in a network. Creates higher throughput but decreased coverage area. A guaranteed throughput for critical network applications, such as Voice over IP. Term primarily used in an ATM environment. Five classes of service: Class 1 Video; Class 2 Audio; Class 3 Data Connection. 1Computer memory that can be accessed randomly. 2A document created during the BTS installation and Commissioning, defining who is responsible for performing each task. A parameter set on the spectrum analyzer during insertion loss measurements Quadrature Amplitude ModulationA bandwidth conservation process routinely used in modems. 17 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Receiver Signal Strength Indicator A term that describes the measure of the signal strength in Stands For.... Radio Frequency Radio Frequency Subsystem Relative Humidity Root mean Square Reed-Solomon Term RF RFS RH RMS RS RSSI Rx Receive S-CDMA SELV Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access Safety Extra Low Voltage SLIP Serial Line Internet Protocol SMDS SMS Switched Multi-megabit Data Service 1Short Message Service or 2Systems Management Server SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol SNR Signal-to-noise Ratio SO/HO Small Office/Home Office SoW SSI SW SYN Statement of Work Signal Strength Indicator Software Synthesizer Card SYNCH Synchronous Meaning A portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in the frequency range between audio and infrared: 100 KHz to 20 GHz. RF measurements are expressed in Hz (unit for measuring frequency); MHz = 1 Million Hz; GHz = 1 Billion Hz. A term for the antenna portion of the base station. The amount of water vapor in the air, given as the percent of saturation humidity, generally calculated in relation to saturated vapor density. The most common mathematical method of defining the effective voltage or current of an AC wave Reed-Solomon codes are block-based error correcting codes with a wide range of applications in digital communications. kilohertz or gigahertz between the transmission and the receiving end. An abbreviated way of expressing the term, receive, as in to receive a transmission. Wireless technology based on data being transferred at a fixed rate using Code Division Multiple Access algorithms. A secondary circuit which is designed and protected in such a way that, under normal operative conditions or under a single fault condition, its voltage does not exceed a safe value. A TCP/IP protocol used for communication between two machines that are previously configured for communication with each other. Connectionless service for MAN/WAN based on 53-byte packets that target the interconnection of different LANs into a public switched network at speeds higher than T1. 1A protocol that allows mobile users to send text-based messages from one device to another. The text appears on a devices screen and may be a maximum 160 characters in length. 2A Windows NT process that allows a network administrator to inventory all hardware and software on the network, then perform software distribution over the LAN. Standard management request-reply protocol for managing TCP/IP networks. A device is said to be SNMP compatible if it can be monitored or controlled using SNMP messages. Related to RSSI, a measurement of the intended signal being transmitted against the other entities that can interfere with the signal. Small, remote office with a MAN or WAN connection back to a larger corporate network and/or the Internet. A document outlining the general activities that must be conducted in order to complete the installation and commissioning tasks for a Ripwave Base Station See RSSI. Computer instructions or data. A circuit card in the Navini BTS digital shelf that provides a local oscillator and system clock with a single calibration transceiver. The card is used to calibrate the Base Station so that no external spectrum analyzer or signal generator is required. Digital packets or signals that are sent at the same, precisely clocked fixed rate of speed. 18 Navini Networks, Inc. Term TCC Stands For.... 1Traffic Channel or 2Transmission Control Code TCP Transport Control Protocol TCP/IP Transport Control Protocol/Internet Protocol TDD Time Division Duplex TFFS True Flash File System TTL Tx UBR UDP UL USB Time-to-live Transmit Unspecified Bit Rate User Datagram Protocol UpLink Universal Serial Bus VCC Virtual Channel Circuit VCI VCL Vector VPC VP Virtual Channel Identifier Virtual Channel Link Vector Virtual Private Channel Virtual Path Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Meaning 1A portion of a radio channel used to enable transmission of one direction of a digitized voice conversation (as opposed to the Voice Channel). 2A way of segregating traffic in order to define controlled communities of interest among subscribers. A standardized transport protocol between IP-based network nodes that allows two hosts to establish a connection and exchange streams of data. TCP operates on top of Internet Protocols and handles the multiplexing of sessions, error recovery, reliability and flow; it guarantees packets are delivered in the same order in which they were sent. A set of protocols that allows cooperating computers to share resources across the network. TCP provides the reliability in the transmission, while IP provides connectionless packet service. A digital transmission method that combines signals from multiple sources and allows a single channel to alternately carry data in each direction of a link. Memory in a computing device that does not lose its information when powered off. Available as a SIMM or PCMCIA card, it usually stores router Operating System (OS) software. Can be easily updated. A field in the Internet Protocol that specifies how many more hops a packet can travel before being discarded or returned. To send by wire or other medium electronically or through air via electromagnetic waves to a receiving communications device. One of the two service categories available for the Management PVC in the ATM/T1 BTS configuration (the other one is CBR) A communications protocol that offers a limited amount of service when messages are exchanged between computers in a network that uses the Internet Protocol (IP). UDP is an alternative to the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP.) Describes the direction of signal flow being sent from a subscriber to a network system, as in from a mobile device

(Modem) to a base station. An external bus standard for plug-and-play interfaces between a computer and add-on devices, such as a mouse, modem, keyboard, etc. One USB port can connect up to 127 devices. AKA, Virtual Channel Connection or Virtual Circuit Connection. A logical circuit made up of Virtual Channel Links, which carry data between two end points in an ATM network. A 16-bit value in the ATM cell header that provides a unique identifier for the Virtual Channel that carries that particular cell. A connection between two ATM devices. A quantity representative of both magnitude and direction

(energy + orientation in space) AKA, Virtual Path Connection. A grouping of Virtual Channel Connectors, which share one or more contiguous VPLs. A set of Virtual Channels grouped together between cross-points

(i.e., switches). 19 Navini Networks, Inc. Term VPI Stands For.... Virtual Path Identifier VPL Virtual Path Link WAN 1Wide Area Network or 2Wireless Access Network Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Meaning An 8-bit value in the cell header that identifies the VP as well as the VC to which the cell belongs. The VPI + VCI identify the next destination of a cell as it passes through a series of ATM switches. A group of unidirectional VCLs with the same end points in a Virtual Path. Grouping VCLs into VPLs reduces the number of connections to be managed. One or more VPLs makes up a VPC. 1A communications network that spans geographically separate areas and which provide long-haul services. Examples of inter-

networked connections are frame relay, SMDS, and X.25 protocols. 2 General term for any product primarily used to gain access to the Internet, as opposed to being part of the actual Internet devices or software. Wireless Communication Service Licensed band around 2.3 GHz WAN Ethernet Controller Process created during BTS booting and attached to the stack to perform RFC1483 Ethernet bridging onto the ATM interface. WCS WEC 20

Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Chapter 1: Overview Ripwave Description A Ripwave system has three main components: the Base Station, the Modems, and the Element Management System (EMS). The Base Station performs the Modem registration and call processing, and provides the interface between the backhaul network and the EMS. It is made up of the Base Transceiver Station (BTS) and the Radio Frequency Subsystem (RFS) (Figures 1, 2

& 3). This manual provides the guidelines and instructions for installing and commissioning

(I&C) the Base Station. Figure 1 shows the system with both Secondary (built-in) and Primary (optional) Lightning Protection. Lightning Protection helps to protect the RFS, the BTS, and the RF lines against tower lightning events occurring at the Base Station. The customer must exercise judgment when balancing risk against cost to decide whether to install the primary protection kit at an extra cost or to rely on the secondary protection only. NOTE: Navini does not warranty equipment against lightning strikes. In addition to tower lightning events occurring at the base station, lightning events that occur miles away from the BTS could generate intense electrical currents traveling over the power and/or backhaul lines and into the BTS equipment, damaging it. For this reason, Navini recommends adding surge protection devices at the power and backhaul demarcation points. Figure 1: TTA Configuration with Primary and Secondary Surge Protection Lightning Lightning Ground Ground Antenna Antenna Bracket Bracket Additional Additional grounding block grounding block needed if main needed if main cable run cable run exceeds 250 ft exceeds 250 ft

(75 m)

(75 m) These are not These are not Surge Protectors Surge Protectors but N-type/Female but N-type/Female to N-type/Female to N-type/Female bulhhead bulhhead connectors for connectors for grounding grounding Omni or Panel Antenna Omni or Panel Antenna Power Amplifiers Power Amplifiers Secondary (Built-in) Secondary (Built-in) Surge Protectors Surge Protectors Primary Surge Protectors Primary Surge Protectors

(Use Polyphasor surge protectors

(Use Polyphasor surge protectors with the CAL Cable and Huber+Suhner with the CAL Cable and Huber+Suhner surge protectors everywhere else) surge protectors everywhere else) GPS GPS Antenna Antenna Secondary (Built-in) Secondary (Built-in) Surge Protectors Surge Protectors RF RF GPS GPS CAL CAL Digital Shelf Digital Shelf Rectifiers (24 VDC, 60 A) Rectifiers (24 VDC, 60 A) Frame Frame Rectifier Rectifier Use Use

"Smart Jack"

"Smart Jack"

for surge for surge protection!!!

protection!!!

Ethernet Ethernet Demarc. Points Demarc. Points 110/220 VAC 110/220 VAC 60/50 Hz 60/50 Hz Surge Surge Surge Protection Protection Protection Device Device Device 5 Ohm 5 Ohm maximum maximum 21 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Figure 2: TTA Configuration with Secondary Surge Protection Only Lightning Lightning Ground Ground Antenna Antenna Bracket Bracket MAY BE MAY BE NEEDED NEEDED DEPENDING DEPENDING ON THE ON THE COUNTRY OR COUNTRY OR CITY BUILDING CITY BUILDING CODES CODES These are not These are not Surge Protectors Surge Protectors but N-

but N-

type/Female to type/Female to N-type/Female N-type/Female bulhhead bulhhead connectors for connectors for grounding grounding Omni or Panel Antenna Omni or Panel Antenna Power Amplifiers Power Amplifiers Secondary (Built-in) Surge Protectors Secondary (Built-in) Surge Protectors GPS Antenna GPS Antenna 14 dB 14 dB max max RF RF GPS GPS CAL CAL Digital Shelf Digital Shelf Rectifiers (24 VDC, 60 A) Rectifiers (24 VDC, 60 A) Frame Frame Rectifier Rectifier Secondary (Built-in) Secondary (Built-in) Surge Protectors Surge Protectors Use Use

"Smart Jack"

"Smart Jack"

for surge for surge protection!!!

protection!!!

Ethernet Ethernet Demarc. Points Demarc. Points 110/220 VAC 110/220 VAC 60/50 Hz 60/50 Hz Surge Surge Surge Protection Protection Protection Device Device Device 5 Ohm 5 Ohm maximum maximum CAUTION! Although Secondary surge protection is built into the TTA that ships from the factory, Navini recommends that the Primary surge protection kit be purchased and installed, in particular if the equipment is installed in an area where electrical storms are common. Surge protection devices should be added in front of the rectifier. Lightning striking miles away from the BTS may cause an intense electric current traveling on the power and/or backhaul lines and into the BTS, damaging the equipment. 22 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Procedural Documents & Forms You will refer to other Ripwave documents, procedures, and forms in the process of installing and commissioning the Base Station. The product documentation is provided on the Ripwave Standard Documentation CD (Table 1). As well, the EMS manuals can be viewed on-line through the EMS Server and Client applications. Table 1: Ripwave Standard Documentation CD Part Number 40-00016-03 40-00017-00 40-00147-00 40-00031-00 40-00016-01 44-00032-01 40-00016-02 40-00033-00 00-00046-00 40-00032-00 40-00112-00 40-00098-00 40-00096-00 40-00111-00 40-00097-00 40-00099-00 40-00066-00 Varies w/each release Order Number 95-00116-00 EMS Overview Manual EMS Software Installation Guide EMS-OSS Integration Guide EMS Administration Guide Ripwave Configuration Guide Excel Configuration Form EMS CLI Reference Manual Ripwave Alarm Resolution Reference Manual System Operations, Maintenance & Troubleshooting Guide*

EMS Diagnostic Tools Guide Ripwave Modem Quick Installation Guide English Spanish Ripwave Modem User Guide English Spanish Ripwave Modem Software Update Tool Quick Guide Customer Release Notes

*Available 2Q04 A number of other forms are used in the installation and commissioning process. This I&C Guide references those throughout, and provides copies in the appendices. High-level I&C Process To put the I&C activities in the context of overall system deployment, Figure 4 provides a flow of the key activities that are performed prior to and during the installation and commissioning of the Ripwave Base Station. Post-I&C, the system that has been installed and commissioned goes through Acceptance Testing against the customers objectives for that site. Once customer sign-

off on the site is achieved, the customer becomes fully responsible for operating the system. You may find this flowchart can be used as a helpful checklist during the process. 23 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Site Selection, Design, and Preparation Physical Installation Commissioning, with Acceptance Testing and Sign-off Different job holders may perform various portions of these activities and not necessarily all of the activities. In fact, Marketing and Engineering personnel typically handle the earlier tasks, while installation may be a stand-alone function. Commissioning may or may not be handled by the same people who designed or installed the site. Regardless of who does them, these key activities have to be accomplished for successful deployment:

Prior to installation, Navini and the customer formulate a Project Plan and Responsibility Assignment Matrix (RAM) to clarify who will do what to complete the I&C activities. If requested by the customer, Navini may provide personnel, procedures, forms, and/or tools required to install and commission the Base Station equipment. They may also provide special commissioning software programs, computers, and any other special test equipment required. As part of the I&C duties, all testing results are recorded and kept for the customer to review and approve. These test results include the cable sweeps, the BTS Calibration Verification, RF System Tests, Drive Study, Line-of-Sight (LOS) FTP tests, and Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) FTP test results. The I&C Supervisor provides site tracking and weekly status reports. All of these tasks can be negotiated with the customer. If Navini Networks is hired by a customer to provide Installation & Commissioning Services, involvement and some actual deliverables are still required by the customer. For example, the customer will need to review or perhaps even explain their Site Design Specifications, approve Logistics Plans, provide shipping information, approve the Network Architecture Plan, etc. As part of a successful hand-off from Navini to the customer, it is usually necessary for Navini to provide some product training to customer personnel who will support the Base Station operation on-going. Customers may opt to take on a Train-the-Trainer program, in which case Navini certifies the customers instructors who then provide staff training thereafter. 24 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Phase I: Pre-installation - Site Selection, Design & Preparation 3 - Conduct a site survey, filling out the Site Candidate Evaluation Form. 1 - Complete the Project Plan for this deployment. <Program or Project Manager>

BEGIN 2 - Generate a coverage prediction map.

<RF Engineer>

Figure 4: High Level I&C Process Flowchart A 4 If this is a 2.4 GHz system, complete the Interference Analysis, following the Interference Sweep Procedure. 5 - Acquire information about the final site selected by the customer. Physical site design completed. 25 Appendix A:

Site Candidate Evaluation Form Appendix B:

Interference Sweep Procedure Appendix C:

BTS Specifications Appendix D:

RFS Data Sheets Appendix E:

BTS Outdoor Enclosure Mfrs. Appendix F:

Rectifier/BBU Manufacturers Appendix G:

Sample Base Station Drawing Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Phase I: Pre-installation - Site Selection, Design & Preparation, continued A 6 - Complete the Network Architecture design.

<Network Planning>

7 - Antenna Power & Cable selection procedure. Appendix H:

Antenna Power & Cable Selection Procedure &

Form 8 - Develop a Bill of Materials (BoM).

<Customer >

Appendix I:

Sample BoM 9 - Acquire the materials. <Customer>

10 - Confirm the customer backhaul, EMS Server, FTP Server, input power and grounding are installed and operational at site. 26 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Phase II: Installation 1 - From the shipping containers received at the customer site, gather Manufacturings inventory sheet and test data that was collected before the BTS & RFS equipment shipped. Verify all equipment arrived (inventory it), serial numbers match paperwork, and the test data is available. Keep this as part of the customer site records. 2 - Install all system buss bars and surge protectors. 3 - Cut cables. Install connectors on cables. 4 - Install & sweep the RF cables. Record results on the RFS System Test Form. 5 - Install & sweep the GPS cables. 6 - Test & install the data/power cable (Non-TTA BTS). 7 - If required, install the BTS mounting rack. 8 - Install the BTS chassis. 9 - Install & verify the BTS & RFS grounding. A 27 Appendix J:

Install Connectors Appendix K:

RFS System Test

(cables & RFS sweep) Appendix L:

Chassis Alarms Information Appendix M:

Sample Tri-sector BTS Grounding Drawing Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Phase II: Installation, continued A 10 - Install & verify the DC input power source to the BTS. Appendix N:

Sample Tri-sector BTS Power Drawing 11 - Install the GPS antennas. 12 - Sweep the RFS. Record the results & the RFS serial numbers on the RFS System Test Form (same form as Step 3, Appendix K). 13 - Install the RFS & surge protectors and Connect cables to the RFS. 14 - Sweep the installed RFS & cables to verify connections & cable loss. Record results on the RFS System Test Form (same form as Steps 3 & 11, Appendix K). 15 - Verify that all cards are installed and seated properly. 16 - Record the serial & version numbers of the digital and RF/PA cards on the Base Station Installation Certification Form. Appendix O:

Base Station Installation Certification Form B 28 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Phase II: Installation, continued B 17 - If required in the Responsibility Assignment Matrix (RAM) portion of the Project Plan, test the backhaul to the customer demarcation point. 18 - Provide a printed package of the measured results and equipment inventory to the customer on-site. 19 - Go over the results using the printed package and obtain customer sign-off on the completion of the Installation portion of the work. Use the Base Station Installation Certification Form for sign-off (same form as Step 16, Appendix P). 29 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Phase III: Commissioning 1 - Review the customers network plans - i.e., ATM vs Ethernet backhaul. No 3a - Install & configure the Test EMS Server & Client. 2 - Are you using the customers EMS Server?

Yes Appendix P:

Excel Configuration Form 3b - Install & configure the customer EMS Server & Client. 4 - Install & configure the BTS in the EMS 5 - Enter the RFS configuration by running the RFS script that shipped with the antenna equipment. 6 - Verify that all cables are connected. 7 - Power up the BTS & reconfigure the basic Boot Line parameters through the serial port on the CC card. 8 - After the BTS has been powered up at least 20 minutes. A 30 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Phase III: Commissioning, continued A 9 Perform 3 calibrations. 10 - Did it pass calibration?

No 11a - Perform system troubleshooting procedures. Yes 11b - Perform Base Station Calibration Verification. Record the measurements on the Base Station Calibration Verification Form

(I&C Closeout Tool) No 12 - Did it pass calibration verification?

Yes 13 - Perform the Single Antenna Element Test procedure. B Appendix Q:

Base Station Calibration Verification Form Appendix R:

Single Antenna Element Test Procedure 31 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Phase III: Commissioning, continued B 14 -Was the Test EMS used?

No Yes 15 - Install & configure the Customer EMS Server & Client. 16 Configure BTS in the Customer EMS 17 - Enter the RFS configuration by running the RFS script that shipped with the antenna equipment. 18 Verify EMS & BTS connectivity. Verify that the latency between EMS and BTS is less than 10 milliseconds 19 - Perform calibration. Ensure successful results 3 times. C 32 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Phase III: Commissioning, continued C 20 - Verify that the GPS & Constellation Debugger are installed and operational on the Drive Study laptop 21 - Perform the LOS Location (FTP) Test. Complete 3 uploads & 3 downloads at 3 locations. Record the results on the FTP Test Form. (I&C Closeout Form) 22 - Perform the NLOS Location (FTP) Test. Complete 3 uploads & 3 downloads at 3 locations. Record the results on the FTP Test Form. (I&C Closeout Form) 23 - Perform full Drive test Study. Record the results on the Drive Study Form. (I&C Closeout Form) 24 - Send test results to Navini Technical Support. 25 -Results adequate?

No 24b - Perform full Drive Study, and record the results on the Drive Study Form. This is used for tuning the model (same form as Step 19, Appendix X). Yes D 33 Appendix S:

Location (FTP) Test Procedure & Form Appendix S:

Location (FTP) Test Procedure & Form Appendix T:

Drive Study Form 26a - Adjust the RF parameters and troubleshoot. Recalibrate BTS Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Phase III: Commissioning, continued D 26b- Verify system operation with multiple Modems in use. 27 - Back up the EMS database. 28 - Gather all required documents & forms to create a delivery package for the Customer sign-

off and for the Navini Techical Support database. See Installation Closeout Documentation. 29 - Participate in the Customer sign-off of the Customer Acceptance Form. Appendix U:

Site Installation Closeout Documentation Appendix V:

I&C Closeout form Appendix W:

Customer Acceptance Form 34

Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Base Station Components Base Transceiver Station (BTS) The BTS consists of the RF Power Amplifiers (PAs), the digital circuit cards, the backplane, and the mechanical enclosure or housing. It performs the signal processing and RF transmission for the system. There are three types of chassis: Combo, Split, and Tower Top Amplifier (TTA). The Combo Chassis is used primarily with 2.4 GHz systems. The Split Chasses is used for all other

(2.3, 2.5, 2.6 GHz) systems (Figure 5). The TTA is the latest chassis design, and is available at this time for 2.4 and 3.5 GHz systems. The chassis is compartmentalized into two sections - the RF shelf and the Digital shelf. The BTS connects to the network using a 10/100 Base-T Ethernet connection or up to 8 T1 interfaces. Up to three BTS assemblies can be installed per system, depending on the configuration. The BTS specifications are provided in Appendix C. Figure 5: BTS Chassis TTA Chassis TTA Chassis TTA Chassis TTA Chassis 35 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Radio Frequency Subsystem (RFS) The Radio Frequency Subsystem (RFS) is mounted on a transmission tower or building rooftop. It transmits and receives data to and from the Ripwave Modem using a digital beam forming transmission technique. The RFS may be either a panel antenna or an omni antenna (Figure 6). The RFS data sheets are provided in Appendix E. An RFS panel transmits in a directional mode, covering a transmit angle of 120 degrees. The antenna can be used as a single mode antenna, or it can be used in a group of two or three sectored antennas, covering 240 and 360 degrees respectively. Each panel requires a BTS to operate. For example, in a tri-sectored cell with 3 panels, you would need 3 BTSs. The omni antenna provides omni-directional coverage of 360 degrees. An RFS panel or omni contains eight (8) antenna elements, cavity filters, and, optionally, low noise amplifiers (LNA). In the TTA configurations, the PAs also are located in the RFS

(antenna) by the LNAs and cavity filters. 36 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Global Positioning System (GPS) One Global Positioning System (GPS) antenna is used with each Base Station to provide a timing signal for synchronizaton. A second GPS antenna can be provided for redundancy. The Ripwave Base Station uses the VIC 100 GPS Antenna (Figure 7). Figure7: VIC 100 GPS Antenna CAUTION! GPS synchronization is essential for the BTSs in a network not to interfere with one another Mounting Racks & Enclosures The BTS can be installed indoors or outdoors in industry standard 19- or 23-inch racks. Rack adapters are needed to mount the equipment in a standard 23-inch rack. For outdoor BTSs, the customer can supply any standard enclosure from a multitude of vendors. Appendix E offers suggestions for outdoor BTS enclosures. Figure 8 shows 3 BTSs installed indoors. Accessibility Ripwave BTS equipment is required to be installed in a restricted access location, in accordance with NEC/CEC standards. Only authorized personnel should have access to this equipment. 37 Navini Networks, Inc. Technical Specifications Table 2: Technical Specifications Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide COMBO

(no longer in production) Frequency Band (GHz) 2.4 2.6 Frequency Band (Name) ISM MMDS Frequency Range (GHz) 2.4002.473 2.6022.638 SPLIT 2.3 2.5 2.6 WCS/

ITFS/

MMDS 2.3052.385 2.5002.596 2.5962.686 TTA 2.4 2.6 3.5 ISM MMDS BWA/FWA 2.4002.483 2.5962.686 3.4103.600 Watt 725 1150 1150 435 390 380 Maximum Power Dissipation

(Thermal Load) BTU per hour 2475 3925 Rectifier Rating (Watt)*

975 1500 Circuit Breaker Rating (Amp) 60 3925 1500 RF Shelf: 50 Dig. Shelf: 20 1485 1331 1297 504 724 40 614 75%

+21 to 27 VDC 0% to 95% relative humidity, non-condensing 0 to 50 40 to +70 Fresh air intake along the lower front vertical panel, air exhaust out of the upper rear of the chassis DQPSK, 8PSK & QAM16 DQPSK Duty Cycle Input Voltage Relative Humidity of BTS Operating Environment Operating Temperature (Celsius) Storage Temperature (Celsius) Air Flow (on each shelf) Modulation Downlink Uplink Multiple Access Scheme Multi-Carrier Synchronous Beam-forming (MCBS) CDMA Power Control Forward & reverse, open & closed loop

*The BTS must be connected to a power supply/rectifier that is UL listed

(continued on the next page) 38 Navini Networks, Inc. COMBO

(no longer in production) Frequency Band (GHz) 2.4 2.6 Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide SPLIT 2.3 2.5 2.6 TTA 2.4 2.6 3.5 Omni 2 electrical downtilt Antenna Downtilt 120 panel 6 electrical downtilt (fixed) plus 0to 10 mechanical uptilt (adjustable) 6 electrical downtilt (fixed) plus 4 to +8 mechanical uptilt (adjustable) Antenna Gain per antenna element

(Approximate) Omni 120 panel Backhaul Interfaces Bandwidth Allocation Duplex Format Chassis Mechanical Dimensions

(inches H x W x D) 30 x 19 x 14 Chassis Weight (lb) 60 8 dBi 15 dBi 10/100 BaseT Ethernet or ATM over T1/E1;

up to 8 T1s/E1s with or without IMA, long haul support Dynamic Time Division Duplex RF:

14x19x15.2 Digital:

19.2x19x12.9 RF: 82 Digital: 33 19.2 x 19 x 12.9 36 Omni Antenna Mechanical Dimensions

(inches H x Diameter) Omni Antenna Weight (lb) Panel Antenna Mechanical Dimensions

(inches H x W x D) Panel Antenna Weight (lb) Polarization Beam Forming Gain (dB) Downlink Uplink

* including the bracket mount 60 x 15 56.6 x 13.2 65 48 x 23 x 10 64 54 x 23 x 7.5 81*

52 38 x 19 x 20 50 Vertical 18 9 39 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide BTS Input/Output Specifications Table 3: BTS Input/Output Specifications Item Description Termination

+24 VDC Power

+21 to +27 VDC input,

/+ terminals Power Supply/Rectifier customer equipment Protection specified in Manual Rectifier must be UL-

listed, comply with UL60950 or UL60950-1 and have earthed SELV output GND Chassis Ground Connection Earth Ground GND required T1/E1 T1/E1 communication lines off CC card Ethernet UART BBU 10/100 BaseT communication off CC card D sub serial connection off CC card, used for on-site communication to PC BBU connector can accept up to 4 alarm inputs plus GND. BTS monitors alarms and reports back condition to EMS. Inputs come from dry contacts at the BBU side, normally open circuit, can be closed circuit for alarmed condition Door open and HMC alarms plus 2 GND inputs. BTS monitors alarms and reports back condition to EMS. Inputs come from dry contacts at the BBU side, normally open circuit, can be closed circuit for alarmed condition Cabinet Alarms T1s/E1s interface switch customer equipment. Typical installation requires DSU or CSU providing loopback capability and primary Type 1 protection. In-Line Devices such as DSU/CSU/TSU/PPC must be UL497 listed PC/Router/Hub/Gateway Not Required PC Not Required BBU customer equipment Not Required Cabinet customer equipment Not Required

(continued on the next page) 40 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Item Description Termination Protection specified in Manual TDD SYNC TDD Sync is a TTL Sync pulse at 10 ms cycle rate, 0 t0 +5V swing, which is 5 s long in width. This output of BTS is used for equipment debugging and to synchronize test equipment Test equipment such as oscilloscope or spectrum analyzer Not Required GPS Antenna A/B (2) The GPS coax cable connected to GPS antenna LNA carries +5 VDC and a 1.57 GHz RF signal. RF is an input to BTS; DC is an output from BTS GPS antenna/LNA, which is normally located at BTS or on hut of BTS; not on tower Not Required This coax cable is an RF signal path to the RFS. The signal is a low power, at the operating frequency of the BTS This coax cables are an RF signal path to the RFS. The signal frequency is the operating frequency of the BTS. In the TTA version of the BTS, these cables also contain a +24 VDC component and the 10.7 MHz TDD signal on the center conductor. This cable is a 6-twisted pair bundle cable used for sending low-current DC voltage to the RFS at +8 to +12 V as well as RS485 digital bus for TDD control RFS Calibration Cable (1) RFS Antenna Cables (8) Power/Data Cable Lightning protection devices must be UL497 listed Lightning protection devices must be UL497 listed Lightning protection devices must be UL497 listed RFS connection to BTS RFS connection to BTS RFS connection to BTS 41 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Chapter 2: Installation Pre-installation As was shown in Figure 4, prior to installing the equipment a number of planning and acquisition activities take place. The installation itself takes only about 2 days. The I&C crew may or may not be involved with all the pre-installation activities. Of these, they are most likely to be involved in the Site Candidate Evaluation, the gathering of data for the Interference Analysis, and the Antenna Power & Cable Selection step of the process. Project Plan A Project Plan is a document that lays out the work to be done, the objectives of the project, the schedule, resources required, and so forth. If Navini is performing the I&C activities, a Project Manager is assigned. The Project Manager prepares the Project Plan and shares it with the Navini and customer teams. Coverage Prediction Map Early in the planning of deployment of Ripwave Base Station equipment, an RF Engineer will go through the process of studying the RF environment of the candidate sites that the customer has identified. Readings are taken and analyzed at each site in order to predict what range of coverage can be expected from installing a Base Station at the site. Coverage predictions account for both Base Station performance and Marketing objectives with the service. The customer accomplishes the latter as part of the decisions concerning site selection. Site Candidate Evaluation Often Technicians will be very comfortable with either the networking side or the wireless side of the system, but not usually both. To evaluate a potential install site, a form helps ensure all aspects of the site have been considered. Information about the site is recorded on the form. Since each site is unique, the form helps to ensure nothing is taken for granted or assumed about the installation site for the Ripwave equipment. 42 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide A copy of this form may be found in Appendix A. It includes places to capture the logistics of the site, tower or rooftop mount possibilities, GPS coordinates, type of antenna to be installed, whether or not an outdoor enclosure is provided, power availability, distance between connection points, ventilation, a place for drawings from every angle, etc. It is from this information that the site will be designed, then installed to plan. Interference Analysis As part of deploying a Ripwave Base Station, the Field Service Engineer must collect critical information from the site. The data is provided to the RF Engineering personnel, who can then evaluate the Radio Frequency (RF) conditions. The RF Engineer analyzes the data for existing interference from other sources, and takes that into account when creating the coverage prediction map. The RF Engineer, in turn, supplies to the Field Service Engineer at the site valuable data parameters and configuration information unique to each system and each site. In addition to coverage, though, the interference analysis also helps to predict the quality of service, the power requirements to get above the noise floor, and other expectations regarding the site. This study helps Navini and the customer decide which type of system (frequency) and antenna

(panel or omni) will provide the best results. To collect the data the on-site Technician or Field Engineer performs an Interference Sweep Procedure (Appendix B) and supplies that data to the RF Engineer(s). Site Selected & Designed After evaluating the potential sites and the coverage prediction, the customer must select the specific site where the Base Station is to be deployed. The site must be carefully blueprinted to prepare for equipment ordering and installation. Navini can supply specifications and drawings to help the customer design the site. Refer to Appendices C D, E, F, and G for BTS Specifications, RFS Data Sheets, BTS Outdoor Enclosures Manufacturers, Rectifier/Battery Backup Manufacturers, and a sample Base Station drawing. Check all regulatory standards (refer to Chapter 1, Page 8 Regulatory Information) prior to installation. Network Architecture Plan The IP Networking community involved in the project, both from Navini and the customer, often work together to analyze and plan how the Ripwave system will be integrated into the customers network. Of course, they are looking for efficient operation of the system and seamless integration. They have to plan the traffic routing, IP addressing, protocol compatibility, and so forth. 43 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Antenna Power & Cable Selection The size and type of cable used to install the Base Station affect power loss and calibration range for the transmitter and receiver. It is at this point in the process that the specific cable manufacturer, type of cable, and cable size must be determined. A complete procedure and tool are explained in Appendix H. Refer, also, to Chapter 1, Page 8 Regulatory Information for FCC warning regarding RF, and UL and NEC/CEC information regarding cable length and connectors. All BTS and RF shelf Coax and Digital cables between the Digital and RF Shelves are 60 inches in length. Physical distance between Digital and RF Shelves will always be less than the cable length. Bill of Materials The customer has to generate the Bill of Materials (BoM) - the actual equipment order to be manufactured and shipped to the installation site. Navini can provide part numbers and ordering information, as well as recommendations and other details that will assist customers in the correct placement of orders. There is a sample Bill of Materials in Appendix I. Acquire Materials Once ordered, the customer ensures that everything required for installing the Base Station is secured and at the deployment site. Confirm Backhaul Connection, EMS Server & FTP Server, Input Power & Grounding at Site The Backhaul connection for the Ripwave Base Station consists of up to two (2) Ethernet cable connections with RJ-45 connectors for each BTS installed, OR, up to eight (8) T1/E1 connections with RJ-48 connectors for each BTS. The quantity of each connection will depend on the site requirements. These connections need to be made available before installation begins. Refer to the Regulatory Information in Chapter 1, Page 8 regarding backhaul connections, power and grounding. The customers EMS Server and FTP Server should be put into place prior to the installation crews arrival at site. If the customers EMS Server is not available until after installation begins, the crew can typically use a laptop to perform initial configuration. The FTP Server, however, must be in place in order to commission the Base Station and test its operation. Power Requirements for the Base Station Refer to Table 3 Technical Specifications and to the Regulatory Information found in Chapter 1, Page 8. The BTS must be connected to a power supply/rectifier that is UL listed to UL60950 or UL60950-1 and has a grounded SELV output; and it must be installed in accordance with NEC/CEC Articles 800/810/830. A UL listed disconnect device, such as a circuit breaker or fuse, must be installed between the power supply and the BTS chassis connections. 44 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Ground Requirements for the Base Station The Base Station requires an earth ground connection. Grounding from copper point to copper point shall be less than 1 ohm. Grounding from copper point to earth ground shall be less than 5 ohms. All power and ground conductors must be mechanically supported to avoid strain of the wires and connection points. Refer to the Regulatory Information in Chapter 1, Page 8. NOTE: The installation procedures, which begin next, follow the same order as shown in the High-level I&C Process Flowchart in Figure 4. Install Power & Grounding Check all regulatory standards (refer to Chapter 1, Page 8 Regulatory Information) prior to installation. System Ground Buss Bar & Surge Protectors The Base Station system ground buss bar and data/power cable surge protectors are mounted on the wall adjacent to the BTS rack or enclosure. They should be mounted per accepted telecom standards and procedures. Step 1. Mount the data/power cable surge protectors (Figure 10) with the label lines toward the RFS and the label BTS toward the BTS. Step 2. Apply a thin coat of anti-oxidant joint compound to both sides of the system ground buss bar to ensure proper connection between it and the surge protectors. To install the eight (8) antenna and one (1) cal cable surge protectors (Figure 11), and the one (1) or two (2) Global Positioning System (GPS) surge protectors (Figure 11) in the system ground buss bar, follow the steps below. 1. Install the rubber gasket into the groove in the surge protector. 2. Install the surge protector in the system ground buss bar with the surge side toward the antenna and the protected side toward the BTS. 3. Install the star washer and nut on the top of the surge protector. Torque the nut to 140-150 inch-pounds. 4. When finished, the mounted surge protectors in the buss bar will appear as in Figure 12. CAUTION! Navini Networks provides both Secondary (built-in) and Primary

(optional) Lightning Protection. Lightning Protection helps to protect the RFS, the BTS, and the RF lines against tower lightning events occurring at the Base Station. The customer must exercise judgment when balancing risk against cost to decide 45 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide whether to install the primary protection kit at an extra cost or to rely on the secondary protection only. NOTE: Navini does not warranty equipment against lightning Figure 11: Surge Protectors PSX-ME PSX-ME PSX-ME PSX PSXPSX DGXZ+06NFNF-A DGXZ+06NFNF-A DGXZ+06NFNF-A 3406.17.0009 3406.17.0009 3406.17.0009 3406.17.0012 3406.17.0012 3406.17.0012 From left to right: PolyPhaser surge protectors are used with the Combo Chassis and Split Chassis configurations (PSX-ME for the Cal and RF cables, at the antenna, PSX for the Cal and RF cables at the ground Buss Bar, and DGXZ+06NFNF-A for the GPS antenna cable at the ground Buss Bar. Huber+Suhner surge protectors are used with TTA configurations. The Female-Female model is used for Primary Surge protection* at the ground Buss Bar (RF and Cal cables near the BTS);

and the Male-Female model is used for Primary Surge protection (RF and Cal cables) at the RFS and with the GPS cable. PolyPhaser surge protectors block DC, are unidirectional (there is an equipment side and a line side), have multi-strike capability, and have no gas tubes. Huber+Suhner surge protectors allow the DC component that powers the PAs through but stop lightning surges and electrical transients, are bi-directional, and have a gas discharge tube. The Navini Part Numbers for the Huber+Suhner surge protectors are 32-00228-00 and 32-00229-

00, respectively. Similar surge protectors may be obtained from NexTek (Navini Part Numbers 32-00228-20 and 32-00229-20). Figure 12: Surge Protectors in Buss Bar (Non-TTA system) 46 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Antenna Ground Buss Bar You should install the Antenna Ground Buss Bar on the mounting structure per accepted telecom standards and procedures (Figure 13). The location is decided on during the site survey and should be close to the RFS. Two or more buss bars may be installed per system. Figure 13: Buss Bars System Ground Wiring A minimum #6 stranded, green-coated copper wire and grounding hardware are used for ground connections. Install the system ground as a single-point connection between the system ground buss bars, the data/power surge protector, the BTS chassis, the BTS mounting rack, and the RFS antenna. Connect the system ground to earth ground. Apply anti-oxidant joint compound to all connections (Figure 14). Tighten all connections until secure. Antenna Buss Bar Antenna Buss Bar BTS Buss Bar BTS Buss Bar CAUTION! Without proper grounding a BTS is much more susceptible to damage 47 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Install Cables All cable connections in the Combo and Split-Chassis configurations are made using standard RF coaxial cable. The Navini Networks minimum for cable connections from the GPS to the BTS is LMR 400, 3/8-inch coaxial cable. Other types of cable that are comparable may be used. These were determined under Antenna Power & Cable Selection (Appendix H) activities cited earlier. The TTA configuration uses a composite cable containing nine RG-6 or RG-11 individual strands to replace the 8 RF cables, the Cal cable and the Power/Data cable (the signal previously sent through the Power/Data cable is now sent through the center connector of the individual RG-6 or RG-11 strands). All Coaxial and Digital cables between the Digital and RF shelves are 60 inches in length. Physical distance between Digital and RF shelves will always be less than the cable length. Figure 15: Coaxial Cables HELIAX HELIAX HELIAX RG6 RG6 RG6 RG11 RG11 RG11 RG-6 Bundle RG-6 Bundle RG-6 Bundle 48 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Cut Cables for the Combo and Split Chassis Configurations The cable run is determined during the site survey. Note that the length of the cables may need to be slightly different, depending on the position of the buss bar relative to the BTS. Cut nine (9) pieces of cable for the main feeder cables to connect the nine RFS connectors to the surge protectors on the system ground buss bar. Leave enough extra length for the service loop below the RFS and for connection to the surge protectors. Cut eight (8) pieces of cable for the jumper cables to connect the surge protectors on the system ground buss bar to the eight (8) RF input connectors on the back of the BTS. Leave enough extra cable length for service. Cut one (1) piece of cable for the jumper cable to connect the surge protector on the system ground buss bar to the CAL connector on the back of the BTS. Leave enough extra cable length for service. Cut a piece of LMR 400 cable to connect each of the GPS antennas to the surge protectors on the system ground buss bar. Leave enough extra cable length for service. The maximum loss for the cable to the GPS antenna is 11 dB. Cut a piece of LMR 400 cable to connect the surge protectors on the system ground buss bar to each GPS connector on the back of the BTS. Leave enough extra cable length for service. If there is more than one BTS co-located in the installation, two GPS antennas can serve all BTSs in the installation. The cable from the GPS antenna (after it goes through the surge protector) is connected to the antenna input of the GPS distribution amplifier (Figure 16). The output ports of the GPS distribution amplifier are connected to the GPS inputs of the BTS. The GPS distribution amplifier is powered by the GPS antenna input. The drawing in Figure 17 depicts the placement of the shared GPS resources among three BTSs. CAUTION! GPS is required to prevent the BTSs in a network from interfering with one another. 49

Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Bundle Cables for the TTA Configuration The bundle cables are manufactured by CommScope in 5 m increments. On the end that attaches to the antenna, the RG-6 or RG-11 bundle cables come with a weatherized boot and nine the N-type Male connectors in place. At the other end, the connectors can be N-type, if the cables in the will be connected to surge protectors in a buss bar (Primary Protection); or QMA, if the cables are to be connected directly to the BTS (Secondary Protection only). In the first case, N-

type to QMA jumper cables are needed to connect the surge protectors in the buss bar to the BTS. You can optionally cut the bundle cable to the proper length, attach the connectors, and install the boot on site by yourself. Use a torch to heat-shrink the boot, being careful not to burn it. Figure 18 Bundle Cable, Weatherized Boot and End Connectors Cal Port Cal Port

(BTS back plane)

(BTS back plane) QMA QMA RFCs RFCs

(BTS front)

(BTS front) N-type N-type 51 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Install Connectors on Cables Install connectors on both ends of each cable. For LMR 600 cables, install EZ-600 N-type male connectors. For LMR 400 cables, install EZ-400 N-type male connectors. Steps for installing both types of connectors can be found in Appendix J. For reference, Appendix H also provides a list of vendors who can make cables. The Cal and RF cables in the Combo and Split Chassis configuration have N-type male connectors at both ends. The Bundle Cable used with the TTA configuration has N-type male connectors at the antenna end, but the connectors used at the other end depend on the degree of lightning protection desired. Is only the built-in protection is used, the connectors at the BTS end are QMA male, but if the Ancillary surge protectors are used, the connectors at the BTS end of this cable are N-type male. Figure 19: Connectors. N-Type N-Type BNC BNC F F M M RG6 RG6 F F M M RG11 BNC RG11 BNC QMA QMA M M RJ45/RJ48 RJ45/RJ48 Front Front Back Back 52 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Sweep RF Cables Sweep each individual cable, the RFS (8) and CAL main feeder and jumper cables, to check for line loss. Follow the instructions for sweeping the cables provided in Appendix K entering the results in the RFS System Test Form. Check continuity of the data/power cable. When finished, cover the cable connectors for protection until they are connected to the RFS or GPS. Connectorize & Run Cables Connect all of the RF cables to the surge protectors in the system ground buss bar. An example of a buss bar connection is shown in Figure 14. Ensure that the proper cable is connected to the proper surge protector. Connect the power/data cable to its surge protector. Also connect all the jumper cables to the surge protectors that will attach to the BTS. Do not connect these cables to the BTS at this time. Torque all the cable connectors to the surge protectors on the system ground buss bar to 20-24 inch-pounds. Figure 20: Buss Bar Connections RF 1-4 RF 1-4 CAL CAL RF 5-8 RF 5-8 GPS 1 GPS2 GPS 1 GPS2 Route all of the cables RFS (8), CAL, DATA/POWER and GPS (1 or 2) - between the system ground buss bar and the RFS, and GPS mounting sites. If running the cables up a tower, use a hoisting grip to lift the cables. 53 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Install the BTS Check all regulatory standards (refer to Chapter 1, Page 8 Regulatory Information) prior to installation. Install Mounting Rack or Enclosure The BTS mounting rack (Figure 22) or enclosure is to be installed in compliance with applicable portions of the National Electrical Code (NEC), articles 800 and 810. You will need to adhere to local installation standards, as well as Navini Networks standards and procedures. Refer to Appendix E for manufacturers of outdoor BTS enclosures. Figure 22: BTS Mounting Racks TTA Chassis TTA Chassis TTA Chassis TTA Chassis 54 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Install Chassis There are three types of BTS chassis: Combo, Split and TTA (Figure 23). Prior to Ripwave Release 1.19 (2.4 GHz systems), only the Combo Chassis was used, but with the licensed bands

(2.3, 2.5, and 2.6 GHz systems) it is allowed to transmit at higher levels of power, which required better air circulation. This resulted in the introduction of the Split Chassis. The recently introduced Tower Top Antenna (TTA) chassis, consists only of a digital shelf because the PAs are incorporated into the base of the RFS. Notice that the TTA digital shelf includes 8 new additional cards called RF Converters or RFC. CAUTION! - Please contact Navini Technical support before attempting to exchange cards between chassis of different type and frequency to verify compatibility. CAUTION! In the TTA configurations, the RFCs output a +24 VDC current, which is carried to the RFS through the RF Cables. This DC current may damage test equipment connected directly to the RFC cards or to the end of the RF cables at the RFS. When connecting test equipment to the output of the RFC card, an external DC block may be required. Most signal generators and spectrum analyzers cannot handle DC voltage on the I/O ports. Please, read the caution stickers on the equipment and provide a DC block if the equipment cannot handle over "0"V DC. Figure 23: BTS Chassis TTA Chassis TTA Chassis TTA Chassis TTA Chassis 55 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Connect Input Power Next, connect the power supply to the BTS card cage (Figure 24). The gauge of the wire is determined by the length of the run and by NEC/CEC standards (refer to Chapter 1, Page 8 Regulatory Information). Use a 60-amp circuit breaker when running the line. Terminate both of the input power wires and the ground wire with a - inch terminal lug. Assuming a +24 VDC power supply, connect the +24 VDC input power connections and the +24 VDC return wires to the BTS card cage. WARNING! Ensure that the power is off before connecting the input power wires to the BTS input terminals. WARNING! Power supply range must be +24 3 VDC for TTA systems and

+24 +4/-3 VDC for Non-TTA Systems. If the input power is 120 VAC, plug the two power-supply input cables into 120 VAC outlets, and turn on the circuit breaker on the power supply. If the input power is 24 VDC, check for +24 VDC across the input terminals of the BTS card cage. If +24 VDC is not present across the input terminals, check all input power wiring for proper connections. Also, check the power supply for proper operation and the fuses for continuity. When finished, turn off the power supply. A drawing of the non-TTA tri-sectored grounding is provided in Appendix M, and the power for the same type of system is shown in Appendix N. Power-interconnect wires between the power supply/rectifier and the digital chassis must have heat shrink tubing applied over the barrel of the terminal lugs after crimping the wire. Refer to Figure 25 below. Figure 25: Power-Interconnect Wires 56 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide 1. Install UL-Listed Terminals 1. Install UL-Listed Terminals 2. Slide on heat-shrink tubing 2. Slide on heat-shrink tubing 3. Apply heat to shrink tubing 3. Apply heat to shrink tubing 4. Install power cables 4. Install power cables Cooling Fans Visually inspect all fans to ensure that they are operating properly. 57 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Connect BTS to Ground Connections All connections need to be checked before power is applied to the system. At a minimum, perform the following:

Ensure continuity across all ground connections. Ensure an open connection from the power supply output (positive input to the BTS card cage) to frame ground. Check all regulatory standards (Chapter 1, Page 8 Regulatory Information) related to power and grounding. All power and ground conductors must be mechanically supported to avoid strain of the wires and connection points. Connect Chassis Alarms The chassis contains two connectors that are used to send alarm indications to the BTS when the BTS is housed in an outdoor enclosure. One of the connectors, labeled CABINET ALARM, is used to trigger alarm conditions that occur within the external chassis. The second connector, labeled BBU, is used to process alarms from a battery backup unit. Refer to Appendix L for instructions on connecting the alarms. 58 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Install GPS Antennas Check all regulatory standards (refer to Chapter 1, Page 8 Regulatory Information) prior to installation. As mentioned earlier, the model of GPS antenna used with the Ripwave Base Station is the VIC 100, as shown in Figure 27. Mount each GPS antenna module, run the cable through the pipe clamp mount. Connect the cable to the GPS antenna, then, weatherize the connection. Secure the antenna module to the pipe clamp mount using the captive mounting hardware. Install the GPS antenna module and the pipe clamp mount to the mounting pipe and tighten the two mounting screws. Make sure that the total loss from the GPS antenna to the SYN card in the BTS (including main cable, jumper cable, splitter, lightning arrestor, etc.) does not exceed 11 dB. The mounting location for the GPS antenna is determined during the site survey. When installing, ensure that the following requirements are met:

The voltage measured on the coax cable at the point at which the GPS antenna unit is to be mounted (not at the rear of the BTS, but at the end of the cable run must be greater than 4.5 Volts. The GPS antenna is located to provide the widest view of the sky (objects such as buildings or trees can interfere with signals from the satellite). The number of satellites visible to the GPS antenna must be 6 or greater. 59 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Install the RFS Check all regulatory standards (refer to Chapter 1, Page 8 Regulatory Information) prior to installation. Now that the BTS is in place, the RFS is readied for installation. Follow the Panel or Omni Antenna information and procedures below. Reference the specifications in Appendix D. Also reference the RFS List/Hoist Method in Appendix X. Panel Antenna The RFS Panel antenna is installed on a structure, such as a tower or a pole, which is defined in the site survey and design. Following are the steps to complete the installation of the panel antenna. Verify RFS Operation Verify proper operation of the RFS before installation. Test the transmit and the receive path of each antenna in the RFS per Appendix O, and using the RFS System Test Form in Appendix K. Set the Downtilt Check the engineering study for the required downtilt of the antenna. The panel antenna has 6o of fixed electrical downtilt but it can be mechanically adjusted for an uptilt of 0 to 10o. As a result, the main lobe of the beam can be pointed between 4 degrees above and 6 degrees below the horizon. Figure 28: Panel Antenna Elements 60 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Omni Antenna An Omni antenna has 2 degrees of fixed electrical downtilt Set the Azimuth Position the RFS on the mounting pole or structure, ensuring that the antenna is pointing in the proper azimuth direction determined by the engineering study. For an omni, the first antenna element must face East (Figure 30). The azimuth direction is stated in degrees from true North. Use the diagram shown in Figure 31 to determine the declination angle for your location. Add or subtract the declination angle from magnetic North to obtain true North. Tighten the four nuts on each of the two antenna mounting brackets to secure the RFS to the mounting pole. Use a compass to check the direction from the center of the panel (this is magnetic North). Be sure that you are using a compass calibrated for the geographical region where you are. There are five such regions and a compass calibrated for one of them will not work properly in the others. Since this is not the year 2000 anymore, you will want to check this reference map to learn how your magnetic declination shifts from year to year. Notice that the map measures annual shifts in minutes. Since it takes 60 minutes to equal 1 degree, if you notice that your location has a declination shift of 5 minutes per year, this means it will be another 12 years before your declination adjustment changes by one whole degree. The following web site provides more details on how to use these charts: http://www.thecompassstore.com/decvar.html Verify the Downtilt Using an inclinometer (Figure 32), check the downtilt of the RFS antenna. If required, adjust the angle using the downtilt adjustment brackets. Be sure to include any electrical uptilt or downtilt built into the antenna in the setting. Tighten the mounting hardware to secure the RFS in the proper position. Recheck the downtilt angle again to verify proper position. Repeat the procedure for all other antennas that are installed in the system. Ensure that they are mounted in the proper direction and with the correct downtilt angle. Install Surge Protectors If lightning protection is required, as determined by the customer, the power/data lightning arrestors must comply with UL497. Cables, such as the RF and power/data cables, in excess of 140 feet in length must have protective devices installed that are UL497A or UL497B listed. 61 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide The RFS has ten cable connectors on the bottom of the unit. Eight are antenna connections, with the connectors alternately numbered from right to left as shown in Figure 33. The two connectors in the middle are for antenna calibration and data/DC power connections. Install surge protectors on nine (9) of the RFS connectors the eight antenna connectors and the calibration connector. The surge protectors must be installed directly to the RFS to provide protection for the antenna elements. Torque the surge protectors to 20-24 inch-pounds. Figure 33: PolyPhaser PSX-ME Surge Protectors at the Antenna (RF and Cal Cables) 8 8 4 4 7 7 3 3 6 6 2 2 5 5 1 1 Surge Surge Protectors Protectors Figure 34: Surge Protectors PSX-ME PSX-ME PSX-ME PSX PSXPSX DGXZ+06NFNF-A DGXZ+06NFNF-A 3406.17.0012 3406.17.0009 3406.17.0012 3406.17.0012 3406.17.0009 3406.17.0009 62 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Install Cables Between the RFS & BTS Connect all of the cables the eight antenna cables, the calibration cable and the data/power cable to the surge protectors on the RFS. For ease of installation, install the cables from the inside out. Ensure that the proper cable is connected to the proper antenna (Figure 35). Torque the RF cable connectors to 20-24 inch-pounds. Figure 35: Completed Cable Installation at the Antenna 8 8 4 4 7 7 3 3 6 6 2 2 5 5 1 1 RF Cables RF Cables Calibration Calibration Cable Cable Data/Power Data/Power Cable Cable Install Grounding Kit on Cables Install grounding kit wire connections on the eight (8) RFS cables and the one (1) CAL cable per the instruction sheet that comes with the grounding kit. Install the grounding wire in a position on the cable so that it can be attached to the ground buss bar that is mounted close to the RFS. More than one ground buss bar may be installed in the system, depending on the length of the cable run. Reference the Regulatory Information in Chapter 1, Page 8. 63 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Connect Ground Wires to the Ground Buss Bar Connect the ground wires on the cables to the ground buss bar using the hardware supplied with the grounding kit. Connect the ground stud on the RFS to the ground buss bar. Use a -inch terminal lug to connect the ground wire to the ground stud on the RFS. Connect the ground buss bar to earth ground. Grounding from copper point to copper point shall be less than 1 ohm. Grounding from copper point to earth ground shall be less than 5 ohms. An example is shown in Figure 36. Figure 36: RFS Grounding Ground Wires Ground Wires Earth Ground Earth Ground Ground Buss Bar Ground Buss Bar Test the RFS & Cables Test the RFS and the eight (8) cables using Appendix K, the RFS System Test Form. Record the results in the form. For this test, use the cable connectors that will be attached to the BTS. Include the jumpers and all surge protectors. 64 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Weatherize the RFS Cable Connectors Weatherize all ground wire connections exposed to weather using electrical tape and butyl mastic tape. Follow the instructions supplied with the weatherproofing kit. Examples are shown in Figure 37 and 38. Figure 37: Weatherizing RFS Connectors Cables Figure 38: Weatherizing Ground Wires 65

Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Connect RF Cables & Alarms to BTS Connect all of the cables to the BTS. The connection points are shown in Figures 39, 40, 41, and 42. Torque the cable connectors to 20-24 inch-pounds. If applicable, connect the cabinet alarm connector and Battery Backup connector (Cabinet Alarm and BBU) to the back of the chassis. More information on connecting alarms, rectifiers, and battery backup equipment are provided in Appendix L and Appendix F, respectively. Figure 42: TTA Chassis Digital Shelf Rear View e e e l l l b b b a a a C C C l l l a a a C C C 2 2 2

S S S P P P G G G 1 1 1

S S S P P P G G G NOTE: Do not ground the negative terminal of the rectifier for the TTA installation. 66 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Omni Antenna The RFS Omni antenna is installed on a structure, such as a tower or a pole, which is defined in the site survey and design. Following are the steps to complete the installation of the panel antenna. Refer to the Regulatory Information in Chapter 1, Page 8 prior to installing. Assemble the Antenna Mount per the instructions that come with it (Figure 43). Use a compass to determine which direction is true East (incorporating declination angle - see Figure 31). Position the Antenna Mount in a direction to provide accessibility to the RFS after it is installed. Position and install the Antenna Mount on the mounting structure so that any one of the eight mounting hole pins is facing East. Tighten the Antenna Mount hardware to secure it to the structure (Figure 44). Sweep the RFS antenna inputs for dB loss. Record all results for later calculations. Position the RFS on the Antenna Mount, ensuring that the arrow on the bottom of the Antenna Mount faces true East. Secure the RFS antenna to the Antenna Mount (Figure 45). Install surge protectors on the 8 antenna and 1 cal connectors. Connect the eight antenna cables, cal cable, and Data/Power cable to the RFS antenna. Attach the ground wire to the ground stud. Install grounding kits from RF cables to buss bars. Sweep the antenna and cables from the RF cable connectors that attach to the BTS. Record all measurements. Weatherize all connections (Figure 46). Verify Installed Circuit Cards WARNING! Ensure that power to the BTS chassis is off before installing the circuit cards or any of the RF Power Amplifiers in the chassis. FUSES ARE NOT FIELD-REPLACEABLE. In case of need to replace a fuse on a CHP (F1), CC (F33, F17-32), SYN (F3), MDM (F1) or PA (F1) contact Navini Networks Technical Support CAUTION! For continued protection against risk of fire, replace only with the same type and rating of fuse. ATTENTION! Pour ne pas compromettre la protection contre les risques dincendie, remplacer par un fusible du mme type et des mmes caractristiques nominales. CAUTION! - Please contact Navini Technical support before attempting to exchange cards between chassis of different type and frequency to verify compatibility. The circuit cards, including the RF/PA cards, normally come seated in the BTS chassis. If they 67 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide are already installed, verify that the correct cards are placed and seated properly. The RF/PA modules may be installed in any position on the top (RF) shelf. For the Digital shelf, refer to Figure 47 for correct card placement. Table 4 describes the name of each type of card in the Digital shelf. Tighten the screws to secure the RF/PAs into the RF shelf. For the circuit cards, follow the markings on the backplane for the position of each card in the Digital shelf. Make sure the ejectors on all cards are engaged in the chassis. Figure 46 represents a fully populated Digital shelf. If the BTS is not fully populated, blank panels are installed to fill in the empty card space. They are also used to fill in the empty space between the circuit cards and the end of the cabinet. Table 4: Digital Card Names Abbreviation SYN IF CHP MDM CC Card Name Synthesizer Intermediate Frequency Channel Processor Modem Communications Controller Number of Cards 1 or 2 Always 2 Always 2 Always 2 1 or 2 Figure 47: Digital Shelf Combo/Split Chassis Combo/Split Chassis N N Y Y S S P P H H F C F C I I M M D D M M C C C C TTA TTA C C F F R R N N Y Y S S P P H H F C F C I I M M D D M M C C C C 68 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Base Station Installation Certification When the installation of the equipment is complete, the Base Station Installation Certification form needs to be completed and signed off by both the installer and the customer. A copy of the first part of this form (check-up list) may be found in Appendix O. The second part (serial numbers) is contained in the I&C Closeout Tool described in Appendix V. 69 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Chapter 3: Commissioning This chapter provides post-installation instructions on provisioning, configuring, calibrating, testing, and commissioning the Ripwave Base Station. Review Customer Network Plans As part of preparing to put the BTS into commission, it is important to review the actual installed site against the customer Network Architecture Plan - i.e., checking that all equipment and software are installed and available for use. Verify that all routers are installed and IP addresses are correct. Finally, make sure the installation is approved and signed off by all responsible parties. Install EMS Server The EMS is the management interface for all elements in the Ripwave system. The EMS Server has to be installed on a computer that is connected directly to the Base Station (called the Test EMS) or through the system backhaul (customer EMS). For testing purposes, the Test EMS Server is connected through an Ethernet hub or switch to the Ethernet port found on the front of the BTS (Figure 48). Note that the EMS Server does not support more than one Network Interface Card (NIC). The other port on the front of the CC card is a Serial (Universal Data) Port, also known as the Console Port. Using a laptop/portable computer connected through the data port, an on-site technician can communicate directly with the BTS using a terminal emulation software package. However, this is not recommended. It is always best to rely on the EMS interface for BTS information. When connecting the Ripwave equipment to the backhaul, refer to the Regulatory Information in Chapter 1, Page 8 specifically regarding cabling to Ethernet or T1 backhauls. Ethernet connections require a UL497B listed protection device to be installed between the BTS and the first network device. T1 connections must be routed from the BTS through a UL497 listed protection device at the demarcation point. The interconnect cables for T1 backhauls must be a minimum #26 AWG wire, in accordance with NEC/CEC standards. 70 Navini Networks, Inc. Figure 48: Ports on CC and MDM Cards Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Combo/Split Chassis Combo/Split Chassis TTA TTA Parallel Ports (factory use only) Parallel Ports (factory use only) Parallel Ports (factory use only) Ethernet Connectors Ethernet Connectors Ethernet Connectors T1 Connectors T1 Connectors Serial Port (a.k.a. Console Port) Serial Port (a.k.a. Console Port) If the customers EMS is installed and can be accessed through the backhaul, it can be connected via T1 or Ethernet to the BTS and used for testing purposes. The EMS software installation procedures can be found in the EMS Software Installation Guide, P/N 40-00017-00. After the EMS Server and Client applications are installed, the EMS database needs to be configured with the settings that are designated for the Base Station. The settings are found in the Network Architecture Plan provided by the customer. Verify Cable Connections Before proceeding, verify that all power is connected and present. Ensure that all T1 or Ethernet connections are installed correctly and are active. Verify that the BTS and the RFS are properly installed and that all cables are connected. 71 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Configure & Power Up the BTS Overview During initial power up a minimal set of configuration parameters have to be input to the BTS through the serial port on the CC card. These early configuration parameters are referred to as the boot parameters. They are required to get the BTS to communicate with the EMS Server so that all the configuration data can be downloaded from EMS to the BTS. The PC used at this point is a Test EMS Server (i.e., laptop). If the customers actual EMS Server is available, a separate Test EMS (i.e., laptop) may not be necessary. For simplification, whether it is a Test EMS laptop or the customers EMS Server, we refer to the device at this stage as the Test EMS. Datafill planning forms are provided in Appendix P. Set Up the Test EMS Typically, in order to keep a constant link an Ethernet hub (10/100 Base-T) connects the Test EMS to the BTS via a male to female RS-232 cable connected to the CC serial port. A connection between the serial port on the CC and the serial port on the Test EMS is also used. Standard communication software, i.e., a standard terminal emulation program, such as Windows HyperTerm or TeraTerm, is used during these early configuration stages. Step 1. Verify all RF cables going to the BTS are securely connected to the proper connector. Step 2. Connect an Ethernet cable to the Ethernet connector located on the CC card and to an Ethernet hub. Connect another Ethernet cable from the Ethernet hub to the Ethernet connector on the PC containing the Test EMS Server and Client applications. Step 3. Connect an RS-232 cable (DB-9 male to female) to the serial port (UART) located on the CC card to the serial port connector on the Test EMS computer. Note: A VT 100 terminal or any standard Windows based ASCII terminal emulation program can be used for connecting to the serial port. The connection for HyperTerminal is explained here. The steps to get to the HyperTerminal program may be different due to variances in the Operating Systems and in the setup of the PC. Step 4. Power on the Test EMS Server. Step 5. On the desktop, go to Start > Programs > Accessories > HyperTerminal >

HyperTerminal (using whichever terminal emulation program you are running). In the COM1 Properties window (Figure 49), under the Port Settings tab, enter the following configuration options. Click OK. Step 6. 72 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Step 7. On the Test EMS Server, click on the Server icon to start the EMS Server. NOTE: This step assumes you have loaded and configured the EMS Server & Client applications. Step 8. Click on the EMS Configuration & Alarm Manager (CAM) icon to start the EMS Client GUI. Step 9. At the EMS Configuration & Alarm Manager login screen, enter the user name and password. The defaults are both emsAdmin. Add BTS in EMS Once you have the CAM application running on the Test EMS server, you will need to click on the BTS element tab to add the new BTS. Only the minimal configuration parameters have to be completed at this time - i.e., BTS name, ID, IP address, subnet mask, and gateway. Follow the Network Architecture Plan designed for this system. Also configure the GPS offset time. The default is 0 minutes, indicating the BTS would be located in the same time zone as Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). Change this value to whatever time is appropriate to the location of the BTS in relation to GMT time zone. For example, if the BTS is located in Dallas, Texas, which is 6 hours behind GMT time zone, you would enter 360. As you will see in the section that follows, you will also configure the RFS splitter loss at this time. For more details about configuring a BTS, refer to the Ripwave Configuration Guide. RFS Configuration (Power Splitter Loss and W0 Values) Each RFS shipped is pre-programmed for the customers specific operating environment. An RFS Configuration floppy disk accompanies the RFS equipment when it is shipped. This floppy disk includes an RFS script and a Quick Guide with procedures on selecting the appropriate splitter loss values to be entered into the EMS database for the given Base Station. Each Configuration disk is unique to the individual RFS that is shipped. You cannot use the same disk on other RFS equipment. RFS Configuration Procedure Step 1. Remove the RFS Configuration disk from the RFS packaging, and insert it in the floppy drive of the Test EMS. Step 2. Copy the folder named RFS that is on the disk to the Test EMS Server:

<ems install dir>/scripts. It will take approximately 20 seconds to complete. Step 3. Open the new folder on the EMS server. You will see a list of file names. The format of the file names is as follows:

73 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide RFS_serial number_frequency.cli Example: RFS_024300001_2402500.cli - This example of the configuration file is for an RFS with serial number 024300001 and a center frequency of 2.4025. Verify the correct serial number in the file name against the serial number of the RFS equipment. The equipment serial number may be found on the back of the RFS panel or on the side of the bottom cylinder of the omni antenna. Determine which file you need to run, depending on the provisioned frequency of your BTS. Step 4. NOTE: For 2.6 GHz systems, select the frequency that is closest to your provisioned center frequency. To find the provisioned center frequency for your BTS, open the EMS Configuration & Alarm Manager (CAM) application. Select the BTS tab and specific BTS, then Air Interface / Layer 2 / Carrier Data / Show Configuration. This will display the center frequency information. Step 5. Open the selected CLI file for editing using any text processing application program. Note the power splitter and W0 values listed there (i.e., write them down or print them out). Step 6. Modify the line that starts with bts by changing the BTS ID for your BTS. The default is BTS 1. For example, if the ID for your BTS is 252, change the 1 to 252. Step 7. Save this file as text, and then close it. Step 8. Start the EMS CONFIG CLI application. To configure your BTS with the RFS information, enter the following commands

>enable <user name> <password>

>configure

>script scripts/rfs/rfs_<serial number>_<7-digit frequency>.cli NOTE: For Unix operating systems, the CLI text is case sensitive and the slash marks should be backward slashes instead of forward slashes Step 9. View the Power Splitter values in EMS to verify that the CLI script ran as expected. The Power Splitter values may be found under Layer 1 / Show Configuration >

Antenna Table. You will need to Refresh the active screen to view the updated information. Step 10. View the w0 Table values in EMS to verify that the CLI script ran as expected. The w0 values may be found under Layer 1 / Show Configuration > w0 Table. You will need to Refresh the active screen to view the updated information. Step 11. Type Exit twice to exit the Config CLI edit mode. 74 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Power Up BTS Now you are ready to power up the BTS. Step 1. Ensure that input power has been connected to the BTS. Step 2. Switch the Power to ON. If the BTS is a Combo Chassis, the switch is located on the top right front of the BTS. The green Power On light next to the switch will illuminate

(Figure 50). If the BTS is a Split Chassis, the Power ON switch is located on the back lower middle of the Digital shelf. The green LEDs on the RF/PA modules and the circuit cards in the BTS chassis should illuminate. The Power switch for the TTA is located on the lower middle back of the chassis. Step 3. Watch for the auto-boot countdown command. Type in config on the computer keyboard to interrupt the standard boot sequence. The window of time to type in config after auto-boot starts is 20 seconds. BTS Bootup The BTS is shipped with a default value of a 20-second countdown to interrupt the standard bootup sequence. You can escape the standard bootup when the display shows the following:

autoboot countdown : quick [quick|delayed]

To escape the initialization sequence, type in config before the 20-second counter reaches zero. Note: Under the next section, Boot Prompt, you will see how to disable the 20-second countdown in lieu of a shorter, 1-second countdown. This will minimize downtime during unattended restart conditions, for example, if there is a power outage and the BTS is recovering. Boot Prompt After you have escaped from the automated boot sequence, the console will display a rudimentary Boot prompt:

[Navini Boot]:

This prompt offers the ability to perform a small set of operations. Enter ? or h followed by the Enter key to display a list of commands (Exhibit 1). To invoke any of the commands, simply enter the single letter command with optional parameters, followed by the Enter key. 75 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide

. Exhibit 1: Boot Commands

[Navini Boot]: ?

? - print this list

@ - resume boot sequence p - print boot params c - change boot params d adrs[,n] - display memory m adrs - modify memory f adrs, nbytes, value - fill memory t adrs, adrs, nbytes - copy memory

@ Use this command once all parameters have been set as desired. This will resume the boot initialization sequence that you escaped from previously. p This command displays a concise representation of the current parameters used for boot configuration. c Use this command to alter the current boot parameters. Once selected, a detailed sequence of options is prompted, and is covered in detail later. After all of the items in this list are completed, you return to the [Navini Boot]: prompt. This option sequence allows you either to accept the current value by pressing the Enter key or to enter a new value from the range or values listed, followed by the Enter key. Additionally, you can enter . followed by the Enter key to erase the current value of an item and return it to a default state. If you make an error, you can choose -

(hyphen) followed by the Enter key to return to the previous item in the list. Alternatively, you can fix an error by proceeding with the selections and select change' when you return to the

[Navini Boot]: prompt. d Display memory allows you to display portions of the BTSs memory with user-defined values. It should only be performed with the assistance of a certified Navini service technician. m Modify memory allows you to alter portions of the BTSs memory with user defined values. It should only be performed with the assistance of a certified Navini service technician. f Fill memory allows you to alter portions of the BTSs memory with a fixed pattern. It should only be performed with the assistance of a certified Navini service technician. t Fill memory allows you to alter portions of the BTSs memory with a pattern from another area of memory. It should only be performed with the assistance of a certified Navini service technician. 76 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Ethernet Configuration The Ethernet configuration is grouped into three sections: general, EMS, and traffic path. An example of the Ethernet configuration parameters is shown in Exhibit 2. Exhibit 2: Ethernet Configuration

[Navini Boot]: c date and time : 01/09/2003[10:19] MM/dd/yyyy[hh:mm]

autoboot countdown : delayed [quick|delayed]

ems inet : 172.16.0.10 snmp community : public traffic path : enet [enet|atm]

mac address : 00:04:6a:00:01:20 ip on enet (active) : 172.16.23.181 ip on enet (standby) : 172.16.23.182 netmask on enet : 255.255.0.0 ip on backplane : 10.0.0.1 gateway on enet : 172.16.0.100 General The general section offers you the ability to change the date and time manually. If a GPS has been installed, the BTS will automatically set the date and time:

date and time : 08/21/2002[13:21] MM/dd/yyyy[hh:mm]

When this line is displayed, the current date (08/21/2002) and time [13:21] are displayed. Accept the defaults by pressing the Enter key, or enter date at the console and a new value using the format indicated in military time (Hours 1-24). All 5 fields must be entered as specified. Leading zeroes can be omitted. Previously, it was mentioned that the 20-second auto-boot countdown timer can be disabled and a 1 second countdown can be used instead. To enable this feature, change the autoboot countdown item from delayed (which is 20 seconds) to quick, which is 1 second:

autoboot countdown : delayed [quick|delayed]

EMS This section concerns the configuration of the EMS Server itself. First, the Internet (inet) IP address of the Server is specified. Make sure to fill this field with the address of the Server used to configure this BTS. Your BTS is shipped with this field un-initialized. You must provide a valid 4-digit IP address before you can proceed. For example:

ems inet : 172.16.0.10 77 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide The second parameter that you must specify to allow the EMS Server to recognize this BTS is a community string for the EMSs Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) interface. The default community string shipped with the BTS is public. Press the Enter key to accept this default, or type in a new value and press the Enter key to alter it:

snmp community : public Traffic Path The last major block of configurations required for an Ethernet backhaul to the BTS is the traffic path parameters. The first prompt instructs the BTS to use the Ethernet as the WAN (backhaul) configuration. It must be set to enet for an Ethernet backhaul. If atm is selected, proceed with the description in the ATM or IMA sections. The BTS is pre-

configured to use Ethernet for the WAN connection. Press the Enter key to accept this default:

traffic path : enet [enet|atm]

The BTS address is specified next. Every BTS must be uniquely addressed and have values that equate in the EMS configurations. This address information defines the Layer 2 parameters first, and then it defines the Layer 3 parameters. For Layer 2, you are only given an opportunity to see the Ethernet Media Access Control (MAC) address used by this BTS. This is a unique number programmed in the BTS. You cannot alter it. However, situations may develop in which you need to know the MAC address and, therefore, need to display the information. For example:

mac address : 00:04:6a:00:01:20 Next are the IP addresses that represent this BTS: one for the active CC card and one for the standby CC card. Enter the IP for the active controller card, for 172.16.23.181, and the next IP

(172.16.23.182) is automatically assigned to the Standby card. ip on enet (active) : 172.16.23.181 ip on enet (standby) : 172.16.23.182 The standby field is only displayed for your convenience and cannot be altered. Note that the BTS automatically handles switching the address when a failure occurs on an active Controller card, requiring the standby Controller to go into service. However, the MAC addresses remain fixed. Coupled with any IP configuration is a need to specify the corresponding subnet mask. Refer to common network administration literature for guides on addresses, networks, masks, and gateways. In short, the subnet mask identifies the portion of the IP address that is common to those devices connected to the same Ethernet. The most important other device is the BTSs 78 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide default gateway (specified later). The portion is identified using a logical and of the mask with the address. For example, a subnet mask of 255.255.0.0 and with an IP address of 172.16.23.182 yields a network of 172.16.x.x. In this case, the default gateway must also be on the 172.16.x.x network. The BTS requires that this association be met. If not, you will be asked to try again. netmask on enet : 255.255.0.0 The BTS uses a high-speed Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) connection to communicate with the redundant T1/Controller Card. This interface is only used internally and has a fixed subnet mask of 255.255.255.252. The host portion of the address that is, the least significant 2 bits is automatically provided by the software based upon slot ID. However, you may want to alter the default network address to avoid conflict with your network. The BTS is shipped with the 10.0.0.0 network as the internal network. This is a reserved network not used on the Internet. However, if your private network utilizes this private address space, you may need to change it to avoid the conflict. ip on backplane : 10.0.0.1 As for the default gateway for the BTS, all traffic routed outside the directly connected Ethernet port goes through the gateway. Furthermore, the gateway must be reachable on the directly connected Ethernet port. Therefore, the BTS will prevent you from entering a default gateway address that fails the logical and test discussed previously. This address is specified on the line item shown below:

gateway on enet : 172.16.0.100 ATM/T1 Configuration For an ATM/T1 configuration, the items shown in Exhibit 3 are identical to Ethernet with the exception of the traffic path, which must show atm for this type of configuration. Exhibit 3: ATM/T1 Configuration date and time : 01/09/2003[10:22]

autoboot countdown : delayed 79 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide ems inet : 172.16.0.10 snmp community : public traffic path : atm mac address : 00:04:6a:00:01:20 ip on atm (active) : 172.16.23.181 ip on atm (standby) : 172.16.23.182 netmask on atm : 255.255.0.0 When ATM is selected for the WAN interface using the traffic mode parameter, an additional set of parameters is required (Exhibit 6). First of all, another IP address must be identified for the ATM interface. The ATM IP address cannot be the same as the Ethernet IP address. In this case, the Ethernet IP address is only used for debug purposes and is a non-routed interface. This means that the BTS can only reach other computers directly connected to the Ethernet port of the BTS. The only routed interface available is through the ATM port. This routed interface address is specified with the ip on atm line item and the corresponding netmask parameter (Exhibit 4). The information on network address specifications from the Ethernet Configuration section of this chapter applies to ATM as well. For ATM, the only gateway allowed for the BTS is on the ATM interface, as specified here. Exhibit 4: Additional ATM Parameters ip on atm (active) : 172.17.0.101 ip on atm (standby) : 172.17.0.102 netmask on atm : 255.255.0.0 ip on backplane : 10.0.0.1 gateway on atm : 172.17.0.100 For an ATM system, the BTS must have some additional configuration for the Management Private Virtual Channel (Management PVC). Recall the boot parameter philosophy discussed before. The boot parameters only identify those settings required to allow the BTS to reach the EMS. Note that the boot parameters only allow specification for one PVC (the Management PVC), which is used to reach the EMS. All user traffic PVC parameters are specified in the EMS configuration. Ensure that the EMS parameters for the Management PVC match those being set here through the boot prompt. If not, as soon as connection is made with the EMS, the Management PVC will be reconfigured and can potentially disconnect the BTS from the network. The PVC configuration is broken into 3 sections: ATM layer parameters; optional Inverse Multiplexing over ATM (IMA) parameters, and T1 physical layer parameters. The first item selects which ATM interface will be used for the Management PVC. If IMA is not selected, you may select from one of the 8 T1 ports numbered 1-8 using the option t1-N, where N is the port number. This is the same interface port number specified in the EMS. If IMA is desired, reference the following section:

pvc type-atm i/f : t1-0 [t1-(1-8)|ima-(1-2)]

80 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide The circuit identifier for this segment of the Management PVC is the next item specified. The first parameter identifies the maximum number of bits for any PVCs identifier Virtual Path Identifier/ Virtual Channel Identifier (VPI/VCI) pair. The BTS restricts the available set to 13 total bits. However, you are free to divide those 13 bits between the VPI and VCI as needed, with the VPI having a maximum allocation of 8 bits. You can choose the number of bits for each by selecting two values separated by a :. Or you may select the BTS default of 3 VPI bits and 10 VCI bits by pressing the Enter key:

pvc id size vpi:vci : 3:10 [1-8:1-13]

Having specified the number of significant VPI and VCI bits, now select the actual identifier. The BTS will restrict the values entered for the VPI and VCI to the ranges you selected in the previous size specification. For instance, if 3:10 is selected as a size allocation, the VPI must be between 0 and 7. Again, you can select the values for the VPI and VCI separated by a : or accept the default value of VPI = 1 and VCI = 100 by pressing the Enter key. Be careful not to use the reserved VCI values from 0-15 that are often used in ATM networks for Operation, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) purposes. pvc vpi:vci : 1:100 [0-255:16-8192]

The service category for the Management PVC is specified next. The choices are Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR) or Constant Bit Rate (CBR). Other ATM service categories are available for traffic PVCs, but those are specified in the EMS configuration. UBR and CBR both require a set data rate and delay variation parameter. The data rate is specified in cells per second in the ATM Traffic Contracts Peak Cell Rate (PCR) field. The delay variation is in the ATM Cell Delay Variation Tolerance (CDVT) in the ATCs CDVT field. Specify the PCR and the CDVT values separated by a : or chose the default by pressing the Enter key. pvc service category : ubr [cbr|ubr]

pvc atc pcr:cdvt : 3641:100 [1-3641:0-100]

The final set of values is used to configure the T1 parameters. The line type allows you to select Extended Super-Frame (ESF) or D4. ESF format is the standard format for ATM/T1 applications. D4 format is supported as an alternate; however, T1 signaling capabilities may be limited. Check your network plans for a definition for your specific application. line type : esf [esf|d4]

Additionally, you must choose a line coding type:

line coding : b8zs [b8zs|ami]

The approximate length of the T1 line is specified next. It is used to control the signal conditioning used on the T1:

81 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide line length (ft) : 500 Finally, the T1s timing source must be specified. A T1 uses only one timing source either at the near-end or far-end of the line. You may select the BTS as the originator of the timing source by selecting local, or you may select the far-end as the timing reference by selecting loop. line clock source : loop [loop|local]

IMA Configuration If you decide to utilize IMA groups to pool the T1 resources, then the same parameters described for the ATM/T1 Configuration above also apply to configuring IMAs. Refer to Exhibit 5. Exhibit 5: IMA Configuration date and time : 08/21/2001[10:22]

ems inet : 172.16.0.10 snmp community : public traffic path : atm mac address : 00:04:6a:00:01:20 ip on enet (active) : 172.16.23.181 ip on enet (standby) : 172.16.23.182 netmask on enet : 255.255.0.0 ip on atm (active) : 172.17.0.101 ip on atm (standby) : 172.17.0.102 netmask on atm : 255.255.0.0 ip on backplane : 10.0.0.1 gateway on atm : 172.17.0.100 In addition, the ATM interface must be specified as IMA and reference one of two IMA groups used for the Management PVC. This IMA group must match what is identified in the EMS. Use 0 for the first group and 1 for the second group. Each group identifies a set of T1 ports that are being combined to form one larger virtual port. For the sake of boot parameter specification, ALL T1 interfaces for the Management PVCs IMA group are assumed to be identical. So the parameters for T1 specifications apply to all T1s of the IMA group:

pvc type-atm i/f : ima-0 Once the IMA interface is selected, a set of IMA parameters must be specified for the IMA group used by the Management PVC. An IMA group inherently supports dynamic addition and drops of individual T1 facilities from the group to facilitate fault tolerance to failed T1 facilities. The minimum number of T1 ports, or links, that must exist for the IMA group to function is specified here. A value from 1-7 is required for each one of the receive and transmit directions. Separate the values with :. You can increase the values from the default of 1 link in each direction or accept the default by pressing the Enter key. 82 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide ima min rx:tx links : 1:1 [1-7:1-7]

Next, specify which T1 ports are used to form the IMA group. This is a list of T1 port identifiers

(1-8), each separated by commas. The BTS makes sure you enter at least as many links as you specified for the minimum requirements above:

selected ima links : 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 The near- and far-end IMA protocols use an ID number to identify each other. This value must agree with that provisioned at the far-end of the IMA link. The BTS defaults to a value of 0, but you can specify any value from 0 to 255:

ima group id : 0 [0-255]

Group symmetry modes allow symmetric or asymmetric operation of IMA links:

ima symmetry : sym [sym|asym|asym-cfg]

IMA frame length specifies the size of the IMA frames that are being transmitted:

ima frame length : 128 [32|64|128]

The IMA alpha/beta/gamma parameters are used by the IMA frame synchronization mechanism.:

ima alpha:beta:gamma : 2:2:1 [1-2:1-5:1-5]

The IMA clock mode selects either a common or independent IMA clock mode (Exhibit 6). It is the same as for ATM/T1. Exhibit 6: IMA Clock Mode ima clock mode : ctc [ctc|itc]

pvc id size vpi:vci : 3:10 pvc vpi:vci : 1:100 pvc service category : ubr pvc atc pcr:cdvt : 3641:100 line type : esf line coding : b8zs line length (ft) : 500 line clock source : loop Standard Boot Sequence The first items in Exhibit 7 (Ethernet) and Exhibit 8 (ATM) illustrate the BOOTROM loading and launching of the core application. This is a fixed process that cannot be altered in the field. Auto-booting is the process that can be escaped by user intervention, (i.e., enter config), in 83 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide order to enter the boot prompt. Without user intervention, the remaining sequence occurs automatically; hence, auto-boot. Exhibit 7: Standard Ethernet Boot Sequence - Example System Boot Copyright 2000-2001 Navini Networks, Inc. Copyright 1984-1998 Wind River Systems, Inc. CPU: CC (PPC860P) Kernel Version: 5.4 BSP version: 1.0/110501 Creation date: Nov 5 2001, 13:09:12 Attaching to TFFS... done. Loading /tffs0/LOADS/BTSA/core...5249740 Starting at 0x10000... Auto-booting..............................Done Starting File System......................Done Mounting Drive /tffs0.....................Done Mounting Drive /dev0......................Done Mounting Drive /dev1......................Done Starting TCP/IP Stack.....................Done Starting ARP..............................Done Starting motfec I/f.......................Done Attaching sl(0) I/f.......................Done Attaching motfec(0) I/f...................Done Attaching lo(0) I/f.......................Done Mounting Remote Filesystem................Done Starting Telnet Daemon....................Done Starting Load Monitoring Tools............Done Loading Target Shell Symbols..............Done Starting WDB Tools........................Done Starting Target Shell.....................Done Initializing System Logger................Done Starting Application......................Done Starting LLC I/f..........................Done Starting LLC Proxy........................Done Starting Lpbk Proxy.......................Done Starting CDI..............................Done Starting CAM I/f..........................Done Starting MME..............................Done Starting EtherBridge......................Done Starting DHCP Relay Agent.................Done Starting Peer ARP Proxy Agent.............Done Starting Host ARP Proxy Agent.............Done Starting Mobile IP Proxy Agent............Done Starting LLC Proxy........................Done Selecting Config Data Source as EMS ......Done Loading LLC...............................Done Initializing NvRam Mib ...................Done Initializing SNMP Agent ..................Done Pinging EMS (172.28.79.30)................Done Loading MTMG..............................Done Loading MDSW..............................Done Loading MBSW..............................Done Loading CAP...............................Done Loading AUX_..............................Done Loading LLC...............................Done Loading MTMG..............................Done Loading MDSW..............................Done Loading MBSW..............................Done Loading CAP...............................Done Loading BAUX..............................Done Loading BMCB..............................Done Loading MACA..............................Done Loading MACB..............................Done 84 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Loading CHAD..............................Done Loading CHTT..............................Done Loading CDSW..............................Done Loading BDSC..............................Done Loading CHSL..............................Done Loading CHMA..............................Done Loading AUX_..............................Done Loading LLC...............................Done Stopping LLC Proxy........................Done Evaluating bootload status................Done Initializing DSP(s).......................Done Starting LLC Proxy........................Done Starting LLC Proxy........................Done Updating Slot Table.......................Done Requesting EMS for Configuration Data ....Done Configuring BTS from EMS .................Done Starting LLC Proxy........................Done Configuring Diag Feature(s)...............Done

!!!!!!!! BTS Initialization Complete !!!!!!!!!

Z (TM) NNNN ZZZ NNNNNN ZZZZZ N N i i NNNNNNNN ZZZZZZ NN N NNNNNNNNNN ZZZZZZ N N N aaa v v i n nn i NNNNNNNNNNNN ZZZZZZ N N N a v v i nn n i NNNNNN NNNNNN ZZZZZZ N N N aaaa v v i n n i NNNNNN NNNNNN ZZZZZZ ZZ N NN a a v v i n n i NNNNNN Z NNNNNN ZZZZZZZZZZ N N aaaa v i n n i NNNNNN ZZZ NNNNNN ZZZZZZZZZ NNNNNN ZZZZZ NNNNNN ZZZZZZZ N E T W O R K S (TM) NNNNNNN ZZZZZZ NNNNN ZZZZZZ NNNNNNNNN ZZZZZZ NNN ZZZZZZ NNNNNNNNNN ZZZZZZ N ZZZZZZ Internet at the Speed of Thought (TM) NN NNNNNN ZZZZZZ ZZZZZZ NNNNNN ZZZZZZ ZZZZZZ Copyright (c) Navini Networks, Inc. 2000-2002 NNNNNN ZZZZZZZZZZZZ Copyright (c) Conexant, Inc. 2000-2001 NNNNNN ZZZZZZZZZZ Copyright (c) NComm, Inc. 1997-2001 NNNNNN ZZZZZZZZ Copyright (c) RSA Data Security, Inc. 1991-1992 NNNNN ZZZZZZ Copyright (c) SNMP Research, Inc. 1989-1999 NNN ZZZZ Copyright (c) Texas Instruments, Inc. 2000-2001 N Copyright (c) Wind River Systems, Inc. 1984-2000 KERNEL : 5.4(WIND version 2.5) BSP : 1.0/01.19.00.00 CPU: CC (PPC860P). Processor #0. Memory Size: 0x3f80000. WDB: Ready. Last reset caused by a power on condition. Current time is FRI JUL 12 14:48:29 2002 bts-4 [Active]%

Exhibit 8: Standard ATM Boot Sequence - Example System Boot Copyright 2000-2001 Navini Networks, Inc. Copyright 1984-1998 Wind River Systems, Inc. CPU: CC (PPC860P) Kernel Version: 5.4 BSP version: 1.0/110501 Creation date: Nov 5 2001, 13:09:12 Attaching to TFFS... done. Loading /tffs0/LOADS/BTSB/core...5249740 Starting at 0x10000... 85 Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Navini Networks, Inc. Auto-booting..............................Done Starting File System......................Done Mounting Drive /tffs0.....................Done Mounting Drive /dev0......................Done Mounting Drive /dev1......................Done Starting TCP/IP Stack.....................Done Starting ARP..............................Done Starting motfec I/f.......................Done Starting wec I/f..........................Done Attaching wec(0) I/f......................Done Attaching sl(0) I/f.......................Done Attaching motfec(0) I/f...................Done Attaching lo(0) I/f.......................Done Mounting Remote Filesystem................Done Starting Telnet Daemon....................Done Starting Load Monitoring Tools............Done Loading Target Shell Symbols..............Done Starting WDB Tools........................Done Starting Target Shell.....................Done Initializing System Logger................Done Starting Application......................Done Starting LLC I/f..........................Done Starting LLC Proxy........................Done Starting Lpbk Proxy.......................Done Starting CDI..............................Done Include CME Starting T1 I/f...............Done Starting CAM I/f..........................Done Starting MME..............................Done Starting EtherBridge......................Done Starting DHCP Relay Agent.................Done Starting Peer ARP Proxy Agent.............Done Starting Host ARP Proxy Agent.............Done Starting Mobile IP Proxy Agent............Done Starting PCI Bridge.......................Done Starting Network Processor................Done Starting LLC Proxy........................Done Loading LLC...............................Done Selecting Config Data Source as EMS ......Done Initializing NvRam Mib ...................Done Booting Network Processor ................Done Configuring T1(s).........................Done Configuring ATM Interface.................Done Configuring IMA Group.....................Done Configuring IMA Link......................Done Configuring PVC(s)........................Done Configuring Management PVC................Done Initializing SNMP Agent ..................Done Pinging EMS (172.28.79.30)................Done Loading MTMG..............................Done Loading MDSW..............................Done Loading MBSW..............................Done Loading CAP...............................Done Loading AUX_..............................Done Loading LLC...............................Done Loading MTMG..............................Done Loading MDSW..............................Done Loading MBSW..............................Done Loading CAP...............................Done Loading BAUX..............................Done Loading BMCB..............................Done Loading MACA..............................Done Loading MACB..............................Done Loading CHAD..............................Done Loading CHTT..............................Done Loading CDSW..............................Done Loading BDSC..............................Done Loading CHSL..............................Done Loading CHMA..............................Done Loading AUX_..............................Done Loading LLC...............................Done 86 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Stopping LLC Proxy........................Done Evaluating bootload status................Done Initializing DSP(s).......................Done Starting LLC Proxy........................Done Starting LLC Proxy........................Done Updating Slot Table.......................Done Requesting EMS for Configuration Data ....Done Configuring BTS from EMS .................Done Starting LLC Proxy........................Done Starting AtmMgmt..........................Done Configuring Diag Feature(s)...............Done

!!!!!!!! BTS Initialization Complete !!!!!!!!!

Z (TM) NNNN ZZZ NNNNNN ZZZZZ N N i i NNNNNNNN ZZZZZZ NN N NNNNNNNNNN ZZZZZZ N N N aaa v v i n nn i NNNNNNNNNNNN ZZZZZZ N N N a v v i nn n i NNNNNN NNNNNN ZZZZZZ N N N aaaa v v i n n i NNNNNN NNNNNN ZZZZZZ ZZ N NN a a v v i n n i NNNNNN Z NNNNNN ZZZZZZZZZZ N N aaaa v i n n i NNNNNN ZZZ NNNNNN ZZZZZZZZZ NNNNNN ZZZZZ NNNNNN ZZZZZZZ N E T W O R K S (TM) NNNNNNN ZZZZZZ NNNNN ZZZZZZ NNNNNNNNN ZZZZZZ NNN ZZZZZZ NNNNNNNNNN ZZZZZZ N ZZZZZZ Internet at the Speed of Thought (TM) NN NNNNNN ZZZZZZ ZZZZZZ NNNNNN ZZZZZZ ZZZZZZ Copyright (c) Navini Networks, Inc. 2000-2002 NNNNNN ZZZZZZZZZZZZ Copyright (c) Conexant, Inc. 2000-2001 NNNNNN ZZZZZZZZZZ Copyright (c) NComm, Inc. 1997-2001 NNNNNN ZZZZZZZZ Copyright (c) RSA Data Security, Inc. 1991-1992 NNNNN ZZZZZZ Copyright (c) SNMP Research, Inc. 1989-1999 NNN ZZZZ Copyright (c) Texas Instruments, Inc. 2000-2001 N Copyright (c) Wind River Systems, Inc. 1984-2000 KERNEL : 5.4(WIND version 2.5) BSP : 1.0/01.19.00.00 CPU: CC (PPC860P). Processor #0. Memory Size: 0x3f80000. WDB: Ready. Last reset caused by a power on condition. Current time is FRI JUL 12 14:26:59 2002 bts-4 [Active]%

Attaching to TFFS... done. Loading /tffs0/LOADS/BTSB/core... 4337576 Starting at 0x10000... Auto-booting..............................Done The line items in Exhibit 9 are the ones that create and initialize the core components to the BTSs on-board file system. This file system is used to store operating code images, configuration data, and log files. The BTS Operating System software handles the images, data, and files and does not require operator assistance. There are three on-board file systems FLASH and RAM drives. The FLASH drive is at /tffs0 and the two RAM drives use /dev0 and /dev1. All on-board file system drives have dedicated functions and should not be altered or used through manual operations. 87 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Exhibit 9: On-board File Systems Starting File System......................Done Mounting Drive /tffs0.....................Done Mounting Drive /dev0......................Done Mounting Drive /dev1......................Done The sequence shown in Exhibit 10 initializes the TCP/IP stack on the BTS. The TCP, UDP, IP, and ARP protocol stacks are created. Interfaces for the stack are then created and attached to the stack. Three or four interfaces are created depending on the selection for traffic path in the boot parameters. The Fast Ethernet Controller, fec (0), is created and attached for the 10/100 Ethernet ports on the BTS. If atm is selected, then a WAN Ethernet Controller, WEC (0), is also created and attached to the stack to perform RFC1483 Ethernet bridging onto the ATM interface. Internally, the BTS utilizes a high-speed SLIP interface, sl (0), to provide communication between redundant devices. Finally, a debug local loopback interface, lo (0), is created and attached. Exhibit 10: TCP/IP Stack Starting TCP/IP Stack.....................Done Starting ARP..............................Done Starting fec I/f..........................Done Starting wec I/f..........................Done Attaching wec(0) I/f......................Done Attaching sl(0) I/f.......................Done Attaching fec(0) I/f......................Done Attaching lo(0) I/f.......................Done Next, the user interface through the console port on the BTS is activated. It should be noted however, that once the Telnet Daemon has been started, this same interface is available remotely through a password protected telnet session. You can access the remote shell service by telnetting directly to the well-known Telnet port (23) of the BTS:

Starting Telnet Daemon....................Done This invokes a suite of tools accessible by the Navini developers to assess runtime loads of various components in the system:

Starting Load Monitoring Tools............Done This creates a database of commands that can be issued from the shell:

Loading Target Shell Symbols..............Done This in turn invokes a suite of tools accessible by the Navini software developers to access runtime debugging of the system:

88 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Starting WDB Tools........................Done This starts the actual interface for the console command interface:

Starting Target Shell.....................Done The BTS is equipped with a rich suite of logs that are automatically collected for analysis by Navini developers in the unlikely event a crash occurs. This line item invokes the automatic log collection:

Initializing System Logger................Done The core software is separated into operating system initialization and Ripwave application software that provides OAM and bridging functionality. This line item identifies the transition point from OS initialization to the point where the OS begins spawning application level tasks:

Starting Application......................Done The next task provides an interface to the Logical Link Control (LLC) on the MDM card and forms a conduit for all message and user traffic from the CC to MDM card. Starting LLC I/f..........................Done A Command and Debug Interface is initialized to extend rudimentary target shell capabilities for Navini developers to diagnose problems with the Digital Signal Processors on the MDM and CHP cards:

Starting CDI..............................Done The Content Addressable Memory (CAM) is used to provide mappings of users to channels. This mapping interface is started at this point:

Starting CAM I/f..........................Done The management entity for Modem mobility, nomadicity, and access control security is handled by the MME application that is started at this point:

Starting MME..............................Done The protocol bridging performed by the BTS for user traffic is handled by the EtherBridge component. Depending on the traffic mode selected, the EtherBridge will perform varying 89 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide protocol encapsulation methods, such as RFC1483 bridging over ATM. The bridge is started at this point:

Starting EtherBridge......................Done Network layer protocol security and mobility applications are handled by specialized protocol handler components. Various modes of operation are configurable through the EMS and provide such services as DHCP address learning and authentication assistance via the DHCP Relay Agent, Proxy ARP broadcast security, and network layer mobility support. These components are started at this point:

Starting DHCP Relay Agent.................Done Starting Peer ARP Proxy Agent.............Done Starting Host ARP Proxy Agent.............Done Starting Mobile IP Proxy Agent............Done An LLC Proxy is an object that provides relay service via the LLC IF conduit to the MDM card. Objects on the CC card can communicate with an object on the MDM card directly using such a proxy. Several such proxied objects exist and are created with this message:

Starting LLC Proxy........................Done As the CC card downloads and initializes the DSPs on the MDM and CHP cards, each component is identified with a Loading message:

Loading LLC...............................Done The next item that appears notifies the user of the location where the BTS is retrieving its Management Information Base (MIB). After initial installation and provisioning through the boot line, EMS is selected as the Config Data Source. In this case, all remaining parameters are downloaded from the EMS. Once the BTS and EMS have synchronized and ownership of individual elements in the MIB negotiated, subsequent reboots of the BTS will indicate the local BTS copy of the MIB is being used. This reduces the burden and start-up time of a system-wide restart:

Selecting Config Data Source as BTS ......Done Once the MIB information is identified, the SNMP agent is initialized. At this point, the EMS can begin communicating with the BTS via this agent:

Initializing SNMP Agent ..................Done The BTS tests that a path through the WAN exists to its EMS Server. That test is identified next in the sequence. If the EMS is selected as the Config Data Source, the initialization cannot continue. If the BTS is selected as the data source, the BTS can continue to initialize. 90 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide However, it will be unmanaged, as the EMS cannot communicate with the BTS. Pinging EMS (172.16.0.10).................Done A status message appears indicating that all DSPs have been downloaded and are now beginning the initialization process:

Bootload is a success.....................Done Initialization can take a significant period of time, with progress through the DSP initialization shown by a growing string of . on this line. Initialization is complete with Done on this line, and the configuration data is passed to the application entities on each device:

Initializing DSP(s).......................Done Configuring LLC Bandwidth Management......Done Configuring MAC Carrier Data..............Done Configuring MAC Bandwidth Management......Done Configuring Layer 1.......................Done Configuring CPE Descriptor Table .........Done The final step in the BTS initialization is to start up the GPS subsystem. With the GPS, the BTS will remain time synchronized with the other BTSs in the network:

Configuring GPS...........................Done The BTS is now provisioned with minimal data. This is enough data to be able to calibrate and test the BTS. Power cycle the BTS for the changes to take place. An example of a reboot is shown in Exhibit 11. Exhibit 11: BTS Reboot - Example

!!!!! Shutdown Started. Terminating all interfaces!!!!!!

Stopping Ime..............................Done Stopping Cme..............................Done Stopping EtherBridge......................Done Stopping CAM I/f..........................Done Stopping Lpbk Proxy.......................Done Stopping LLC Proxy........................Done Stopping LLC I/f...........................Done

!!!!!!!!!!!! Shutdown Completed. Rebooting !!!!!!!!!!!!!

. Attaching to TFFS... done. Loading /tffs0/LOADS/btsb/core...5569208 Starting at 0x10000... Auto-booting..............................Done Starting File System......................Done Mounting Drive /tffs0.....................Done Mounting Drive /dev0......................Done Mounting Drive /dev1......................Done Starting TCP/IP Stack.....................Done Starting ARP..............................Done 91 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Starting motfec I/f.......................Done Attaching sl(0) I/f.......................Done Attaching motfec(0) I/f...................Done Attaching lo(0) I/f.......................Done Mounting Remote Filesystem................Done Starting Telnet Daemon....................Done Starting Load Monitoring Tools............Done Loading Target Shell Symbols..............Done Starting WDB Tools........................Done Starting Target Shell.....................Done Initializing System Logger................Done Starting Application......................Done Starting LLC I/f..........................Done Starting LLC Proxy........................Done Starting Lpbk Proxy.......................Done Starting CDI..............................Done Starting CAM I/f..........................Done Starting MME..............................Done Starting EtherBridge......................Done Starting ARP Conflict Detection...........Done Starting DHCP Relay Agent.................Done Starting Peer ARP Proxy Agent.............Done Starting Host ARP Proxy Agent.............Done Starting Mobile IP Proxy Agent............Done Starting LLC Proxy........................Done Selecting Config Data Source as BTS ......Done Initializing SNMP Agent ..................Done Loading BLLC..............................Done Pinging EMS (172.16.100.9)................Done Loading MTMG..............................Done Loading MDSW..............................Done Loading MBSW..............................Done Loading CAP...............................Done Loading AUX_..............................Done Loading BLLC..............................Done Loading MTMG..............................Done Loading MDSW..............................Done Loading MBSW..............................Done Loading CAP...............................Done Loading BAUX..............................Done Loading BMCB..............................Done Loading MACA..............................Done Loading MACB..............................Done Loading CHAD..............................Done Loading CHTT..............................Done Loading CDSW..............................Done Loading BDSC..............................Done Loading CHSL..............................Done Loading CHMA..............................Done Loading AUX_..............................Done Loading LLC...............................Done Stopping LLC Proxy........................Done Evaluating bootload status................Done Initializing DSP(s).......................Done Starting LLC Proxy........................Done Starting LLC Proxy........................Done Updating Slot Table.......................Done Configuring LLC Bandwidth Management......Done Configuring MAC Carrier Data..............Done Configuring MAC Bandwidth Management......Done Configuring Layer 1.......................Done Configuring CPE Descriptor Table .........Done Starting LLC Proxy........................Done Configuring Diag Feature(s)...............Done Configuring GPS...........................Done

!!!!!!!! BTS Initialization Complete !!!!!!!!!

Z (TM) NNNN ZZZ NNNNNN ZZZZZ N N i i 92 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide NNNNNNNN ZZZZZZ NN N NNNNNNNNNN ZZZZZZ N N N aaa v v i n nn i NNNNNNNNNNNN ZZZZZZ N N N a v v i nn n i NNNNNN NNNNNN ZZZZZZ N N N aaaa v v i n n i NNNNNN NNNNNN ZZZZZZ ZZ N NN a a v v i n n i NNNNNN Z NNNNNN ZZZZZZZZZZ N N aaaa v i n n i NNNNNN ZZZ NNNNNN ZZZZZZZZZ NNNNNN ZZZZZ NNNNNN ZZZZZZZ N E T W O R K S (TM) NNNNNNN ZZZZZZ NNNNN ZZZZZZ NNNNNNNNN ZZZZZZ NNN ZZZZZZ NNNNNNNNNN ZZZZZZ N ZZZZZZ Internet at the Speed of Thought (TM) NN NNNNNN ZZZZZZ ZZZZZZ NNNNNN ZZZZZZ ZZZZZZ Copyright(c)Navini Networks,Inc.2000-2002 NNNNNN ZZZZZZZZZZZZ Copyright(c)Conexant,Inc. 2000-2001 NNNNNN ZZZZZZZZZZ Copyright(c)Free Sw Foundation,Inc.1988-1999 NNNNNN ZZZZZZZZ Copyright(c)NComm, Inc.1997-2001 NNNN ZZZZZZ Copyright(c)RSA Data Security,Inc.1991-1992 NNN ZZZZ Copyright(c)SNMP Research,Inc.1989-1999 N ZZ Copyright(c)Texas Instruments,Inc.2000-2001 Copyright(c)Wind River Systems,Inc.1984-2000 KERNEL : 5.4(WIND version 2.5) BSP : 1.0/RW1.19.1.3 CPU: CC (PPC860P). Processor #0. Memory Size: 0x3f80000. WDB: Ready. Last reset caused by a user request from the console. Current time is FRI JAN 10 14:38:36 2003 bts-120 [Active]% TimerHandler called for port /tty/2

--> 1/10/2003 14:38:38 Position fix: latitude: 32:58:42, longitude: -96:42:4, height: 188.78 Calibrate the Base Station Calibrating the Base Station detects the phase differential between the antenna elements and matches the output power across all antenna elements in the RFS. In TTA BTSs, if the Calibration Coefficients feature is enabled, the transmit power level for all the subcarriers is also equalized. The calibration procedure must be performed at least three times to verify consistency of the returned values. Ensure that the BTS has been powered on with the power amplifiers on for at least fifteen minutes to allow them time to warm up and stabilize (twenty minutes in the case of a TTA BTS to allow enough time for the new software to be loaded in all the RFCs) Calibration Procedure To calibrate the BTS, follow the steps in the procedure below. Refer to the Ripwave Configuration Guide, as needed. Step 1. On the Test EMS, click on the Server icon to start the EMS Server. Step 2. Click on the EMS Configuration icon to start the EMS Client GUI. Step 3. At the EMS Configuration & Alarm Manager login screen, enter the user name and password. The defaults are emsAdmin / emsAdmin. Step 4. Verify that Antenna Power, RX Sensitivity, and Cal Cable Loss values are entered in 93 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide the fields in the EMS. NOTE: The Power Splitter Loss was entered when you performed the RFS configuration earlier. Step 5. Click on the BTS that is being installed to select it. Right-click on the highlighted BTS and select Action > Configure. Refer to Figure 51. Figure 51: Select BTS Step 6. Click on Air Interface > Layer 1, and then click Calibrate. In the resulting dialog box

(Figure 52), select FULL CALIBRATION and Calibrate. Figure 52: Calibrate BTS Step 7. When the Warning window appears (Figure 53), click Yes. 94 Navini Networks, Inc. Figure 53: Warning Window Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Step 8. The Full Calibration window appears during system calibration (Figure 54). When calibration is complete, the Full Calibration window changes and displays the finish time and the result. Click the Close button to close the Full Calibration window. Note that the result of Done does not mean that the system passed calibration. Figure 54: Full Calibration Window Step 9. Click Show Configuration and select the Antenna Table tab (Figure 55). Check the Tx Gain and Rx Gain columns (the last two columns in the table) for transmit and receive results. The transmit and receive results for all the eight antennas must be between 1 and 254. The eight values in each column should be relatively close to each other. A value of zero indicates a problem with the associated antenna path. 95 Navini Networks, Inc. Figure 55: Show Configuration/Antenna Table Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Step 10. Perform the calibration function two more times. Ensure each time that the values remain relatively stable (+/- 3), and that none of the results is zero. After you perform the second calibration, click on Configure. The Config Layer 1 Data window (Figure 56) shows the data from the second calibration. The values in the main screen from the Show Config selection are from the first calibration. Compare the values from the two calibrations to ensure that they are stable, and not equal to zero. Figure 56: Config Layer 1 Data Window 96 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Step 11. Close the Config Layer 1 Data window. Update the main screen by clicking the Show Configuration button. 97

Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Export BTS Data After successfully calibrating a BTS and before performing the calibration verification procedure, export the BTS configuration data to a text file. This is done by highlighting the specific BTS in the Configuration and Alarms Manager (CAM) window, and on the Main Menu select File > Export BTS Data. This text file will be used as input by the IC Closeout Tool

(Part Number 40-00217-00), shown in Appendix V. Perform the Calibration Verification Procedure Base Station Calibration Verification is a set of procedures to verify that the equipment has passed calibration and that the RF portion of the equipment is operating within acceptable parameters. The results of the tests should be documented in the Base Station Calibration Verification Form, which is part of the IC Closeout Tool (Part Number 40-00217-00). This procedure is described in Appendix Q. Single Antenna Element Test The object of the RFS Single Antenna Element Test Procedure is to verify the functionality of each antenna element in the Ripwave Radio Frequency Subsystem (RFS). The 8 antenna elements work together to create the beam forming effect that results from using a Smart Antenna - Phased Array technology. Using 8 combined antenna elements concentrates the beam of radiation, adding up to 9 dB of gain, both in the downlink and in the uplink In the downlink there is an additional 9 dB of gain because there are 8 antenna elements transmitting simultaneously in the RFS. This gain is not available in the uplink because there is only one antenna element transmitting at any time in the Modem. In a Non-TTA BTS, each antenna element has an associated Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) in the RFS and a Power Amplifier (PA) in the RF Shelf of the BTS. In a TTA BTS, each antenna element has an associated PA in the RFS and an RF Converter (RFC) in the BTS shelf. In order to verify that each individual antenna element is working properly, we have to power off the LNA/PA/RFCs for all the antenna elements, then turn them on individually one at a time and verify that a test Modem can communicate with the base station through that single antenna element (Appendix R). Install & Test Customer EMS Operations If you have been using a Test EMS up to this point, you will now need to install and test the customers EMS server. This involves installing the EMS Server and Client on a computer that is connected through the system backhaul. When connecting the Ripwave equipment to the 98 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide backhaul, refer to the Regulatory Information in Chapter 1, Page 8 specifically regarding cabling to Ethernet or T1/E1 backhauls. Ethernet connections require a UL497B listed protection device to be installed between the BTS and the first network device. T1/E1 connections must be routed from the BTS through a UL497 listed protection device at the demarcation point. The interconnect cables for T1/E1 backhauls must be a minimum #26 AWG wire, in accordance with NEC/CEC standards. If the customers EMS is already installed and has been used for testing purposes, skip to the Verify System Performance section of this chapter. Install EMS Software The EMS software installation procedures can be found in the EMS Software Installation Guide, P/N 40-00017-00. After installing the EMS Server and Client applications, the EMS needs to be configured with the settings that are designated for the Base Station. The settings are found in the Network Architecture Plan provided by the customer. Ensure connection between the Base Station and the backhaul. The connection to the Base Station will be either an Ethernet connection or T1 connections. Verify EMS to Base Station Connectivity Follow the steps below to ensure the EMS and Base Station can communicate. Step 1. Open a Command Prompt window on the computer where the EMS is installed. Step 2. Ping the Base Station using the CLI command ping <base station ip address>. Verify that a reply from the Base Station is received. Perform Calibration Using Customers EMS This step is necessary only if you have been using a Test EMS up to this point. You will need to install the customers EMS server and software. Calibrate the Base Station using the customers EMS. Follow the same calibration procedures described earlier in this chapter, Calibrate the Base Station. Perform the procedure three times and make sure that the results are stable (3). 99 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Verify System Performance Location (FTP) Test Location Tests are performed to see if the system file transfer functions are working as predicted between Modem and Base Station. First you perform three uploads and three downloads from one locations in line-of-sight (LOS) with the Base Station at a distance of about 2 km. Then you perform three uploads and three downloads at several additiona locations in either line-of-sight or non-line-of-sight (NLOS) with the Base Station. The number recommended number of additional locations is 4 for panel antennas and 7 for Omni antennas. The Location (FTP) Test procedure is described in Appendix S. The form used to collect the data is contained in the IC Closeout Tool (Part Number 40-00217-00). The results are sent to Navini Networks Technical Support for evaluation Drive Study The Drive Study is performed to verify if the systems coverage area is as predicted and, if necessary, to fine-tune the RF model. The procedure is described in Appendix T. The form used to collect the data is contained in the IC Closeout Tool (Part Number 40-00217-00). You will perform the Drive Study by driving back and forth through a sector, staying on major roads about a kilometer apart. Special attention has to be paid to the null and fringe areas. You will follow this scheme for each sector in the site, recording the results of all tests. The test results will be sent for evaluation, along with the Location (FTP) test results, to Navini Networks Technical Support. If the results are not adequate, Technical Support will have you adjust some of the RF parameters and perform the Drive Study again. Verify System Operation With Multiple Modems Set up three computers with Modems connected to them. Perform file transfers from all three computers to verify Base Station operation. 100 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Back Up EMS Database After all system installation and commissioning activities are complete, perform a backup of the EMS database. The procedure can be found in the EMS Administration Guide. Place the backup files on a different system server where they will be periodically backed up on a tape drive. Customer Acceptance To conclude the installation and commissioning activities, gather all of the required documents and forms from the installation and commissioning procedures to create a comprehensive system I&C package. Refer to Appendix U for a summary of the documentation package. The customer and Navini Networks will sign the Customer Acceptance Form. A copy of this form is provided in Appendix W. The signed form and the system I &C package are provided to the customer. The original, signed Customer Acceptance Form and system I &C package are stored in the Navini Networks Technical Support database. 101 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Appendix C: BTS Specifications Figure C7: TTA Digital Chassis (Front) 102 Navini Networks, Inc. Figure C8: TTA Digital Chassis (Back) Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide 103 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Appendix G: Sample Base Station Drawing Figure G1: Sample Base Station Drawing 104 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide NOTE 1.CABLE BUNDLE CONSIST OF 9 RF CABLES AND 1 POWER/DATA CABLE 2.RF CABLE TYPE TO BE DETERMINED BASED ON RUN LENGTH AND DB LOSS/FT 3.CABLE HANGERS TO BE SPECIFIED/RECOMMENDED BY TOWER CREW 4.ANTENNA BRACKET TO BE SUPPLIED BY CUSTOMER AS RECOMMENDED BY TOWER CREW 5.BTS REQUIRES 24VDC @ 60A. 6.PSX-ME SURGE PROTECTORS TO BE INSTALLED IN-LINE BETWEEN RF CABLE AND ANTENNA 7.PSX SURGE PROTECTOR TO BE MOUNTED ON GROUND BAR CLOSE TO BTS CABINET/CHASSIS 8.ETHERNET/TELCO BACKHAUL TO BE PROVIDED BY CUSTOMER 9.ALL INSTALLED EQUIPMENT/MATERIALS MUST BE PROPERLY GROUNDED 10.OPTION 1 IS FOR AN INDOOR BTS INSTALL, OPTION 2 IS FOR OUTDOOR BTS CUSTOMER SITE NAME LOCATION 1 PANEL LOCATION OPTION 5=DOME TOP 6=SIDE 2 ANTENNA BRACKET TYPE 3 PSX-ME SURGE PROTECTOR 4 ANTENNA AZIMUTH 5 6 7 8 TOWER JUMPER CABLE TYPE TOWER JUMPER LENGTH ANTENNA DOWNTILT ANTENNA HEIGHT 9 M AIN FEEDER TYPE 10 M AIN FEEDER LENGTH 11 GROUND BUSS BAR 12 13 CABLE HANGER TYPE WEATHERPROOFING KIT 14 GROUNDING CABLE LENGTH 15 GROUNDING KIT 16 HOISTING GRIP 17 GPS M OUNT 18 GPS CABLE LENGTH 19 GPS CABLE TYPE 20 LOCATION OPTION 1=SHELTER 2=INSIDE TOWER 21 CABLE RUN OPTION 3=EXTERNAL 4=INTERNAL 22 JUMPER CABLE LENGTH 23 JUMPER CABLE TYPE 24 PSX SURGE PROTECTOR 25 GPS SURGE PROTECTOR 26 ALT GROUND BUSS BAR 27 24VDC/60A POWER SUPPLY 28 INDOOR RACK/CABINET PCS DEGREES FEET FEET PCS PCS FEET PCS PCS FEET FEET PCS PCS PCS 105 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Appendix H: Antenna Power & Cable Selection Non-TTA Systems Overview There are 3 types of cables that are part of a non-TTA Base Station installation: antenna (RF) cables, calibration (CAL) cable, and data/power cable (not used with the TTA systems). In addition both the RF and CAL cables are made of a longer Main segment, which typically consists of a low-loss but heavier and less rigid cable and two shorter Jumper cables (one connecting the Main segment to the RFS and the other connecting the main segment to the BTS), which typically have a higher loss, but are lighter and more flexible. The RF cables are eight coaxial cables that carry RF signals between the BTS and the RFS. The CAL cable is a single coaxial cable that provides a common second path for the RF signals between the BTS and the RFS for system calibration. The RF cable paths and the CAL cable path are interconnected through the Cal Board located in the RFS. The Cal Board introduces a loss of 27 to 31 dB between the common Cal Cable path and each RF Cable path. As a result of this, most of the power sent to or received at the antenna elements travels through the RF Cable paths, and only a small fraction of it is derived to the CAL Cable path. The purpose of this section is to describe the calculations used to determine the combinations of Main and Jumper Cables that are adequate for a particular system. This determination is made taking into consideration the operating frequency band of the system, the maximum output power that the RF/PA cards can deliver, the maximum and minimum power level that the SYN card can output or accept as input during calibration, the losses introduced by the cables and the different system components that the RF signal must go through, etc. I some cases the number of subcarrriers, whether FCC regulations apply, whether a Standard Filter in the back of the BTS is used or not, the weight of the cables on the tower and the bent radius of the main cables must also be taken into consideration. The calculations described in this section are performed automatically by an Excel spreadsheet. It is assumed here that the same combination of Main and Jumper cables will be used for the RF and CAL paths. The power and data cable is only taken into consideration if the weight of the cables on the tower must be kept below a certain allowed maximum. 106 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide An excel program (P/N 40-00219-00) is provided to perform all the necessary calculations automatically Data Input The Cable selection procedure requires the following data to be entered in the green fields of the spreadsheet:

Figure H1 Data Input Operating Frequency Band Select one of the following:

2.3 GHz (6 sub-carriers) 2.3 GHz (10 sub-carriers) 2.4 GHz (combo chassis) 2.5 GHz 2.6 GHz (split chassis) 2.6 GHz (combo chassis) Regulatory Body:

Type of RFS:

FCC, European, or Other Omni or Panel Active or Passive Units:

US or Metric (that is: lb/ft/in or kg/m/cm) 107 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Does the system include a Standard Filter in the back of the BTS?

With or Without Standard Filter Must the system comply with regulatory Requirements regarding the Maximum PA Output?

Yes or No Length of the Main cable (in feet or meters) Vertical Drop from the Antenna or Buss Bar (in feet or meters) This represents how much of length of each Main cable segment will add its weight on the tower. Type of Jumper Cable Select one of the following:

LMR 600 LMR 400 RF 1/2-50 RF 3/8-50 FSJ4-50B FSJ2-50

(Times Microwave)

(Times Microwave)

(NK Cables)

(NK Cables)

(Andrew Cables)

(Andrew Cables) You can always select another Jumper cable later and repeat the calculations. Length of the Higher Jumper Cable segments (Main to RFS) in feet or meters Length of the Lower Jumper Cable segments (Main to BTS) in feet or meters. Maximum Allowed Weight for All Cables (in pounds or kilograms) This weight should not be exceeded by the combination of the following three components:

the weight of the higher Jumper cable segments the weight of the length of the Main Cable segments (8 x RF + CAL) that actually contributes weight to the tower (estimated as the Vertical Drop) the weight of the length of the Power and Data cable that actually contributes weight to the tower (estimated as the length of one Higher Jumper Cable segment + the Vertical Drop) NOTE: If the total weight of all cables on the tower is not an issue, enter a sufficiently large value in this field (larger than the actual weight of the cables), for example, 3000 lb (1500 kg). Minimum Required Bend Radius for the Main Cable (in inches) This value is important only if the Main cable will be bent. If this is not an issue, enter a sufficiently large value, for example, 50 inches (130 cm). Desired TX Power (in dBm) This is the level of power that you want to be delivered at the base of each antenna element. Desired RX Sensitivity (in dBm) This is the level of power at which you want the signal from the modems to arrive at the base of the antenna elements. This value is defined as the minimum 108 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide level of received power required for successful decoding of the received signal, and should be 11 dB above the noise floor. The mechanism of uplink power control will ensure that the signal transmitted by each modem arrives at the RFS at the desired level. Other Input Data Provided by the Spreadsheet Program Data supplied by the program appears in white fields Loss & Weight These are the loss of the selected type of Jumper Cable, in dB per foot (or dB per meter) and the weight in pounds per foot (or kilograms per meter), respectively. Back Plane Loss This is the loss between the SYN card and the point at which the CAL cable is connected in the back of the BTS. This loss is estimated as 5.0 dB. Minimum and Maximum Cal Board Loss These values represent the extremes of the range of possible losses through the Cal Board (between the point at which the CAL Cable is connected and the points where each one of the eight RF Cables are connected). There are, therefore, eight such paths in a Cal Board. The Minumum Cal Board Loss is estimated as 27 dB and the Maximum Card Board Loss is estimated as 31 dB. Weight of the Power and Data Cable Estimated as 0.785 pound per foot (1.168 kg/m). Gain Per Antenna Element That is, 12 dB for Omni antennas and 17 dB for Panel antennas. Internal Data Tables Three Data tables are used for the calculations:

TABLE H1 - Operating Parameters TABLE H2 - Main Cable Parameters 109 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide TABLE H3 - Jumper Cable Parameters Rationale Behind the Formulas Please refer to Figures H2, H3 and H4 during the following discussion. Figure H2 A Look Inside an Omni RFS Antenna Elements Antenna Elements Side View Side View Side View RF RF RF RF RF RF RF RF RF Cavity Cavity Cavity Filter Filter Filter LNA LNA LNA Bottom Bottom Bottom View View View Cal Cal Cal 110 Cable Cable Cable RF RF RF Cable Cable Cable Cal Cal Cal Board Board Board Loss Loss Loss RF RF RF RF RF RF RF RF RF RF RF RF Top Top Top RF RF RF s s s s s s o o o L L L S S S F F F R R R Bottom Bottom Bottom RF RF RF RF RF RF RF RF RF RF RF RF Bottom Bottom Bottom covered covered covered RF RF RF RF CAL CAL CAL CAL RF RF RF RF RF RF RF RF RF RF RF RF RF RF RF RF Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Cal Cable Loss Cal Cable Loss Figure H3 Tx Path Calibration Figure H4 Rx Path Calibration SYN SYN Card Card Input Input Power Power Back Back Plane Plane Loss Loss SYN SYN SYN PA PA PA PA PA PA RF RF RF RF Cal Board Loss Cal Board Loss RF RF Tx Power at the Antenna Tx Power at the Antenna RFS Loss RFS Loss BTS Loss BTS Loss

(Std Filter or

(Std Filter or Bypass Cable) Bypass Cable) RF RF RF RF Cable Cable Loss Loss RF RF PA PA PA PA PA PA PA PA PA PA IF IF BB BB Dig. Dig. IF IF IF CHP CHP CHP MDM MDM MDM CC CC CC BB BB PA Output Power PA Output Power

Tx Power at the Ant =

Tx Power at the Ant =

PA Output Power PA Output Power BTS Loss BTS Loss RF Cable Loss RF Cable Loss RFS Loss RFS Loss

SYN Input Power =

SYN Input Power =

Tx Power at the Ant. Tx Power at the Ant. Cal Board Loss Cal Board Loss Cal Cable Loss Cal Cable Loss Back Plane Loss Back Plane Loss Cal Board Loss Cal Board Loss Cal Cable Loss Cal Cable Loss RF RF Rx Power at the Antenna Rx Power at the Antenna LNA Gain LNA Gain BTS Loss BTS Loss

(Std Filter or

(Std Filter or Bypass Cable) Bypass Cable) PA Input Power PA Input Power

Rx Power at the Ant =

Rx Power at the Ant =

SYN Output Power SYN Output Power Back Plane Loss Back Plane Loss Cal Cable Loss Cal Cable Loss Cal Board Loss Cal Board Loss RF RF RF RF Cable Cable Loss Loss RF RF RF RF PA PA PA PA PA PA PA PA PA PA PA PA PA PA PA PA Back Back Plane Plane Loss Loss RF RF SYN SYN Card Card Output Output Power Power IF IF BB BB Dig. Dig. SYN SYN SYN IF IF IF CHP CHP CHP MDM MDM MDM CC CC CC BB BB 111 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide

[Formula 1]

Max PA Output BTS Loss RF Cable Loss RFS Loss Max Tx Power1 =

There are upper and lower limits to the TX Power and RX Sensitivity to which a BTS can be set. One of the two conditions that determine the Maximum amount of power that can be delivered at the antenna elements (Max TX Power1) is how much power can be output by the each one of the PAs. The losses in the RF paths are: (1) the BTS Loss introduced by the Standard Filter, if used, or by the Bypass Cable, if no filter is used; (2) The loss on the RF Cable (Main + Higher and Lower Jumper cables + 6 terminators and lightening arrestors, estimated as 0.6 dB); and (3) the loss at the base of the RFS, between the N-type connectors where the RF & Cal cables are connected and the SMA connectors at the bottom of the Cal Board. The other condition is related to the Calibration process. During the calibration of the TX paths

(one at a time), a fraction of the power delivered by the a PA to the corresponding antenna element is derived through the Cal Board to the common CAL cable and through the BTS back plane until it arrives at the SYN card. The Calibration process requires that the Input Power received by the SYN card be in a certain range. Lets find a formula for the Max TX Power2

(power at the antenna elements) that would allow the system to be calibrated. Above this level the input power received by the SYN card would be over the maximum allowed. Therefore, or As both conditions must be satisfied, we take the most restrictive one, that is, the one that produces the lower value:

Substituting the Min SYN Card Input for the Max SYN Card Input and the Min Cal Board Loss for the Max Cal Board Loss in Formula 4 we get the formula for the Min TX Power (at the antenna elements) that allows the system to be calibrated. Below this level the input power received by the SYN card would be less than the minimum required. Max SYN Card Input = Max Tx Power2 Max SYN Card Input

+ Min Cal Board Loss

+ CAL Cable Loss

+ Back Plane Loss Max Tx Power2 =

Min Cal Board Loss CAL Cable Loss Back Plane Loss Max Tx Power = Min { Max Tx Power1 , Max Tx Power2 }

[Formula 3]

[Formula 2]

112 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide

[Formula 4]

[Formula 5]

Min Tx Power=

Min SYN Card Input

+ Max Cal Board Loss

+ CAL Cable Loss

+ Back Plane Loss Min Rx Sensitivity = Min SYN Card Output

+ Max Cal Board Loss

+ CAL Cable Loss

+ Back Plane Loss Max Rx Sensitivity = Max SYN Card Output

+ Min Cal Board Loss

+ CAL Cable Loss

+ Back Plane Loss Lets now determine the maximum and minimum RX Sensitivity at which the BTS can be calibrated. During the RX Paths calibration, the SYN card generates an RF signal that must travel to (and suffer losses at) the BTS Back Plane, the CAL Cable, and the Calibration Board before it arrives at the base of the antenna elements. The maximum and minimum level of power that can be delivered at the antenna elements during this simulated reception (that is, the possible range for the RX Sensitivity) are determined, respectively, by the maximum and minimum level of the signal output by the SYN card. Setting the RX Sensitivity outside this range will make the system impossible to calibrate. Notice that when determining maximum power levels (formulas 3 and 5) we assume the Cal Board path that introduces the minimum possible loss (27 dB), while when determining minimum power levels (formulas 4 and 6) we assume the Cal Board path that introduces the maximum possible loss (31 dB). The Procedure 1. Eliminate the Main Cables with Bend Radius exceeding the minimum required Compare the Bend Radius for each type of Main Cable (last row in Table I2) with the Minimum Required Bend Radius given as input data. Eliminate from further consideration the Main Cables that have a Bend Radius exceeding the minimum required. 2. Eliminate combinations of cables that weight too much Calculate the weight of the Higher Jumper cable for the selected type of Jumper Cable Length of the Higher Jumper Cable Weight of one foot of the Selected type of Jumper Cable Weight of Higher Jumper Cable=

[Formula 7]

[Formula 6]

113 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide

[Formula 9]

[Formula 8]

Vertical Drop Weight of one foot of that type of Main Cable Weight of a P&D Cable =

(Length of the Higher Jumper Cable

+ Vertical Drop) Weight of one foot of P&D Cable Weight on Tower of one type of Main Cable =

Calculate the weight of the section of main Cable hanging from the tower for each type Main cable. Calculate the weight of the power and data cable Calculate the weight of all cables on the tower for each type Main cable Eliminate for further consideration the cable combinations that exceed the maximum allowed weight for all cables. 3. Perform preliminary calculations in Table H1 Using the Input Data, fill the cells A through I at the bottom of the Table H1 with the appropriate values.

(Weight of Higher Jumper Cable

+ Weight on Tower of one type of Main Cable) 9

+ Weight of P&D Cable Weight of All Cables =

[Formula 10]

Select first one row based on the operating frequency (plus the number of sub-carriers if 2.3 GHz or whether the chassis is split or combo if 2.6 GHz). For that row, copy the values in columns B, F, G, H and I at the bottom of the table. Choose between the value in column A1 and the value in column A2 based on whether your system must comply with FCC regulations or not (write it down at the bottom of the table and call it A). If the operating frequency is 2.3 or 2.4 GHz, choose between the value on column C1 or the value in column C2 based on the antenna type, Omni or Panel; If the operating frequency is 2.4 GHz, take also into consideration whether the regulatory body is the FCC or European (write the value down at the bottom of the table and call it C). Choose between the value in column D1 and the value in column D2 based on 114 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide whether your system has a Standard Filter in the back of the BTS (write it down at the bottom of the table and call it D). Choose between the value in column E1 and the value in column E2 based on whether your system has an Active or Passive RFS (write it down at the bottom of the table and call it E)

[Formula 11]

[Formula 12]

Loss of Lower Jumper Cable =

Loss of Higher Jumper Cable =

Length of the Lower Jumper Cable 100 Loss per 100 feet of the Selected type of Jumper Cable Length of the Higher Jumper Cable 100 Loss per 100 feet of the Selected type of Jumper Cable 4. Calculate the total loss for the combination of each type of Main Cable and the selected type of Jumper Cable Calculate the loss of the Higher and Lower Jumper Cables. Read the loss per 100 ft for the selected type of the selected Jumper Cable for the Operating Frequency Band of your system, then divide it by 100 and multiply it times the Length of the Higher Jumper Cable. Calculate the loss of the Main Cable. Read the loss per 100 ft for each type of Main Cable for the Operating Frequency Band of your system, then divide it by 100 and multiply it times the Length of the Main Cable. Calculate the TOTAL CABLE LOSS (RF or CAL Cable) for each type of Main Cable. This is the sum of the losses on both Jumper Cables plus the loss of one type of Main Cable, plus 0.6 dB for terminators and surge arrestors. 5. Calculate the maximum and minimum values of TX Power and RX Sensitivity at the base of the antenna elements and build Table I5 with the results. Notice that TOTAL CABLE LOSS in Formula 14 is the same as RF Cable Loss in Formula 1 and the same as CAL Cable Loss in formulas 2, 4, 5 and 6. Loss of Higher Jumper Cable

+ Loss of Lower Jumper Cable

+ Loss of one type of Main Cable

+ 0.6 dB TOTAL CABLE LOSS =

Loss of one type of Main Cable =

Length of the Main Cable 100 Loss per 100 feet of that type of Main Cable

[Formula 14]

[Formula 13]

115 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Use Formula 1 to calculate Max Tx Power1 (what the PAs could deliver) for each type of Main Cable. Use values A, D and E from Table 1 respectively for Max PA Output, BTS Loss, and RFS Loss; and the values from Formula 14 for RF Cable Loss. Use Formula 2 to calculate Max Tx Power2 (maximum value at which the Tx Paths of the BTS can be calibrated) for each type of Main Cable. Use value F from Table 1 for Max SYN Card Input; the Min Cal Board Loss and Back Plane Loss values given as Input Data; and the values from Formula 14 for CAL Cable Loss. Choose the lower value of the previous two for each type of Main Cable. This is the actual Max Tx Power. (Formula 3). Use Formula 4 to calculate Min Tx Power (minimum value at which the Tx Paths of the BTS can be calibrated) for each type of Main Cable. Use value G from Table 1 for Min SYN Card Input; the Max Cal Board Loss and Back Plane Loss values given as Input Data; and the values from Formula 14 for CAL Cable Loss. Use Formula 5 to calculate Max Rx Sensitivity (maximum value at which the Rx Paths of the BTS can be calibrated) for each type of Main Cable. Use value H from Table 1 for Max SYN Card Output; the Min Cal Board Loss and Back Plane Loss values given as Input Data; and the values from Formula 14 for CAL Cable Loss. Use Formula 6 to calculate Min Rx Sensitivity (minimum value at which the Rx Paths of the BTS can be calibrated) for each type of Main Cable. Use value I from Table 1 for Min SYN Card Output; the Max Cal Board Loss and Back Plane Loss values given as Input Data; and the values from Formula 14 for CAL Cable Loss. Build Table H5. You may also calculate the Maximum EIRP for each cable combination by adding the Gain per Antenna Element (12 dB if Omni, 17 dB if Panel to the Max Tx Power. 6. The following is an example of the calculations performed with the Cable Selection Spreadsheet with the data shown in Figure H1 Figure H5 Results 116 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Notice that, in this example, one cable combination is Not Available (there is no Loss data for that main Cable at the selected Frequency Band), one cable combination exceeds the maximum weight allowed, two Main Cables are not flexible enough to be bent as required and four cable combinations were eliminated because they cannot deliver the desired level of TX Power at the antenna elements. At this point you could repeat the calculations with a different type of jumper cable and compare the results. In this example, eleven cable combinations have been identified which meet all the requirements of the system. Now the question is which one should be used? To answer this question, other factors such as cable cost or company policy can be taken into consideration. Finally, keep in mind that if you select a cable combination that barely meets the requirements, specially for TX Power (but sometimes also for RX Sensitivity), and over time the performance of your system degrades, one or both of these parameters may fall out of range and your system would become impossible to calibrate forcing you to reduce the TX Power or rise the RX Sensitivity, thus reducing the capacity and/or coverage radius of your system. 117 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Cable Selection for TTA Systems Cable selection for a TTA system is extremely simple. Just follow the steps listed below. Notice that if you are using only the Secondary (Built-In) Surge Protection, you need N-QMA cables, but if you are using Primary Surge Protection (surge protectors in the RFS and on a ground buss bar close to the BTS), then you need N-N cables from the RFS to the buss bar and a set of 9 N-

QMA jumper cables from the buss bar to the BTS 1. Determine the operating frequency 2. Determine the distance between the antenna (RFS) and the BTS. This distance plus ant slack for service and drip loops is your cable length 3. Determine if there are any restrictions regarding cable weight on the tower and minimum cable bend radius 4. Select the right cable using the Tables H4 through H6 below. 5. If you need to use LMR400 or LMR600 cables, refer to Table H2 above for the loss, weight and bend radius data. TABLE H4 Power Loss Budget and Maximum Cable Lengths for TTA Systems Min/Max Min/Max Cable Loss Cable Loss Allowed Allowed

(dB)

(dB) Freq. Band Freq. Band 2.01 GHz 2.01 GHz 5 loss 25 5 loss 25 2.3 GHz 2.3 GHz 5 loss 25 5 loss 25 2.4 GHz 2.4 GHz 5 loss 20 5 loss 20 2.52.7 GHz 2.52.7 GHz 5 loss 25 5 loss 25 3.43.7 GHz 3.43.7 GHz 5 loss 30 5 loss 30 Max Cable Length Max Cable Length Bundled Bundled RG6 RG6 RG6 50250 ft 50250 ft

(1576 m)

(1576 m) 45230 ft 45230 ft

(1470 m)

(1470 m) 45180 ft 45180 ft

(1455 m)

(1455 m) 45215 ft 45215 ft

(1465 m)

(1465 m) 35220 ft 35220 ft

(1167 m)

(1167 m) RG11 RG11 RG11 80390 ft 80390 ft

(24119 m)

(24119 m) 70350 ft 70350 ft

(21107 m)

(21107 m) 70275 ft 70275 ft

(21275 m)

(21275 m) 65335 ft 65335 ft

(2084 m)

(2084 m) 55340 ft 55340 ft

(17104 m)

(17104 m) LMR-240 LMR-240 LMR-240 45215 ft 45215 ft

(1465 m)

(1465 m) 40200 ft 40200 ft

(1261 m)

(1261 m) 40155 ft 40155 ft

(1247 m)

(1247 m) 40190 ft 40190 ft

(1258 m)

(1258 m) 35190 ft 35190 ft

(1158 m)

(1158 m) Individual Individual LMR-400 LMR-400 LMR-400 85415 ft 85415 ft

(26126 m)

(26126 m) 70355 ft 70355 ft

(21108 m)

(21108 m) 75295 ft 75295 ft

(2390 m)

(2390 m) 70355 ft 70355 ft

(21108 m)

(21108 m) 60360 ft 60360 ft

(18110 m)

(18110 m) LMR-600 LMR-600 LMR-600 130640 ft 130640 ft

(40195 m)

(40195 m) 115565 ft 115565 ft

(35172 m)

(35172 m) 115450 ft 115450 ft

(35137 m)

(35137 m) 110540 ft 110540 ft

(33164 m)

(33164 m) 85540 ft 85540 ft

(27165 m)

(27165 m) 118 Navini Networks, Inc. TABLE H5 Cable Specs Cable Loss Cable Loss dB/ft dB/ft

(dB/m)

(dB/m) 2.01 GHz 2.01 GHz 2.3 GHz 2.3 GHz 2.4 GHz 2.4 GHz 2.52.7 GHz 2.52.7 GHz 3.43.7 GHz 3.43.7 GHz Bundled Bundled RG6 RG6 RG6 0.100 0.100

(0,328)

(0,328) 0.109 0.109

(0,358)

(0,358) 0.111 0.111

(0,364)

(0,364) 0.116 0.116

(0,380)

(0,380) 0.138 0.138

(0.453)

(0.453) RG11 RG11 RG11 0.064 0.064

(0,210)

(0,210) 0.071 0.071

(0,233)

(0,233) 0.073 0.073

(0,239)

(0,239) 0.075 0.075

(0,246)

(0,246) 0.088 0.088

(0,289)

(0,289) Type of Connectors Type of Connectors

(RA: Right Angle

(RA: Right Angle ST: Straight) ST: Straight) QMA (RA) QMA (RA) QMA (RA) N-type (ST) N-type (ST) N-type (ST) N-type (ST) N-type (ST) N-type (ST) Weight: lb/ft (kg/m) Weight: lb/ft (kg/m) Min. Bend Radius: in (mm) Min. Bend Radius: in (mm) 0.45 (0.67) 0.45 (0.67) 22 (560) 22 (560) 0.85 (1.26) 0.85 (1.26) 32 (813) 32 (813) Impedance Impedance 75 Ohm 75 Ohm TABLE H6 Antenna Power and Rx Sensitivity Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide LMR-240 LMR-240 LMR-240 Individual Individual LMR-400 LMR-400 LMR-400 LMR-600 LMR-600 LMR-600 0.116 0.116

(0,379)

(0,379) 0.123 0.123

(0,405)

(0,405) 0.126 0.126

(0,413)

(0,413) 0.132 0.132

(0,431)

(0,431) 0.155 0.155

(0,509)

(0,509) QMA (RA) QMA (RA) QMA (RA) QMA (ST) QMA (ST) QMA (ST) N-type (RA) N-type (RA) N-type (RA) N-type (ST) N-type (ST) N-type (ST) 0.034 (0.05) 0.034 (0.05) 0.75 (19) 0.75 (19) 0.060 0.060

(0,197)

(0,197) 0.070 0.070

(0,230)

(0,230) 0.068 0.068

(0,223)

(0,223) 0.070 0.070

(0,230)

(0,230) 0.083 0.083

(0,272)

(0,272) 0.039 0.039

(0,128)

(0,128) 0.044 0.044

(0,144)

(0,144) 0.044 0.044

(0,144)

(0,144) 0.046 0.046

(0,151)

(0,151) 0.055 0.055

(0,180)

(0,180) N-type (RA) N-type (RA) N-type (RA) N-type (ST) N-type (ST) N-type (ST) N-type (RA) N-type (RA) N-type (RA) N-type (ST) N-type (ST) N-type (ST) 0.068 (0.10) 0.068 (0.10) 1.0 (25) 1.0 (25) 50 Ohm 50 Ohm 0.131 (0.20) 0.131 (0.20) 6.0 (152) 6.0 (152) Antenna Power and Rx Sensitivity Antenna Power and Rx Sensitivity TTA Systems TTA Systems Non-TTA Systems Non-TTA Systems Antenna Power Antenna Power

(dBm)

(dBm) Rx Sensitivity Rx Sensitivity

( dBm)

( dBm) Antenna Power Antenna Power

(dBm)

(dBm) Rx Sensitivity Rx Sensitivity

(dBm)

(dBm) 2.3 GHz 2.3 GHz 2.4 GHz 2.4 GHz 2.52.7 GHz 2.52.7 GHz 3.43.7 3.43.7 GHz GHz with filter with filter without filter without filter min min 20 20 10 10 20 20 20 20 20 20 MAX MAX 30 30 24 24 30 30 29 29 30 30 min min 95 95 85 85 95 95 90 90 90 90 MAX MAX 75 75 65 65 75 75 70 70 70 70 min min 20 20 10 10 20 20 MAX MAX 30 30 24 24 30 30 min min 95 95 85 85 95 95 MAX MAX 75 75 65 65 75 75 WARNING! The maximum values showed in this table are capabilities of the hardware. Stringent regulatory restrictions may apply depending on the country where the equipment is being installed. Check the applicable regulations of the country's regulatory body for compliance. The maximum Antenna Power can also be limited by antenna cable loss and filtering requirements depending on regulatory body. 119

Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Appendix O: Base Station Installation Certification 146 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide 147 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide 148 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Appendix S: Location (FTP) Tests Introduction The Location, or FTP, Test is performed to check the Ripwave system operation through file transfers between the Base Station and the Modem. The test measures the data rate performance at various locations within the coverage area. Data throughput is measured by executing file transfers using the FTP protocol for both upstream and downstream links. A file server must be in place on the same subnet with the BTS to accurately perform the file transfer, and the Modem. User computer must be loaded with an FTP Client. As the file transfer is running, a data file is captured by the Modem tool. Data rates are captured by the FTP program. Data is recorded in a spreadsheet format. The spreadsheet lists the location, GPS, and other information. As data rates are captured, the results are entered manually. An average SNR and sync RSSI can be read from the debug tool, and recorded, for quick comparison to the acceptable criteria (see Acceptable Criteria section of this appendix). For NLOS indoor locations, tests are performed both outside the building and inside, so that the obstruction loss for the building can be determined. Unless the customer can provide indoor access, all results will be LOS or Near NLOS. Planning the Locations Before the actual testing is conducted, you need to select the test locations. First, select one Line of Sight (LOS) location about 2 km away from the Base Station. The results at this location will be as good as you could expect to get from your system and will constitute your base line for future reference. Second, based on your preliminary RF propagation, select 4 additional locations (LOS or NLOS), if the Base Station has a panel RFS; or 7, if it has an omni RFS. Criteria of Acceptability In order to evaluate the test results, several criteria are taken into consideration. These criteria are valid for both LOS and NLOS locations.

Processed Sync Signal Strength: For a given test location, 2 dB variation during FTP

Absolute Sync Signal Strength Processed Sync Signal Strength: not greater than 2 dB variation during FTP 149 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide

SNR values consistent during the FTP for all carriers used:

a. QPSK:

b. 8 PSK:

c. QAM16:

at least 11 dB at least 14 dB at least 17 dB

UL and DL Packet Error Rates (PER) not greater than 1%. This will vary according to interference levels, but may not render the system inoperable.

Uplink Beam Forming Gain: between 16 dB and 21 dB. Perform a comparison of UL and DL, Beam Forming Gain differences should be not greater than 3 dB.

Modem Transmit Power < 25 dBm; BTS Transmit Power < 0 dBm per code channel with power control

Sync vs. Data Rate:

Absolute Sync (dBm)

(A) 35 to 55

(B) 55 to 70

(C) 70 to 85

(D) 85 to 95

(E) 95 to 105 UL Data Rate (Mbps) 0.6 to 1.0 0.6 to 1.0 0.5 to 1.0 0.10 to 0.5 0.033 to 0.1 DL Data Rate (Mbps) 1.5 to 2.0 1.2 to 2.0 1.2 to 2.0 0.3 to 1.0 0.066 to 0.66 Process The recommended process for performing the Location (FTP) tests is described below. First: Verify that a single Modem transmits and receives data at expected rates, as indicated previously. Second: Verify that multiple Modems simultaneously transmit and receive data at acceptable rates, and the parameters listed above are being met. NOTE: The exact number of Modems is determined by field conditions. The minimum is two. Third: Verify operation at the full range of the system*. Include LOS Location Tests at cell edges. The height of Modem and uplink and downlink data rates are recorded for each site. Data rates are to be compared with expected results, as seen in the last item (Sync vs. Data Rate) of Acceptance Criteria. For example:

*2.6 GHz :

*2.4 GHz:

~12 Km

~ 3 Km 150 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Equipment Required Laptop computer GPS receiver with serial cable Constellation Debugger application BTS Beam Form Display diagnostic tool Modem Modem power supply DC to AC power converter Ethernet Cable Equipment Setup To the To the vehicle vehicle cigarette cigarette lighter lighter Place Modem in the roof of the Place Modem in the roof of the vehicle; position it to reduce the vehicle; position it to reduce the difference between Absolute and difference between Absolute and Processed Sync below 2 dB Processed Sync below 2 dB 151 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Location (FTP) Test Procedure Two people are needed to perform this procedure. One will be in the car performing the location test, and the other will be at the Base Station checking the operation using the BTS Beam Form Display diagnostic tool. 1. Ensure that the Base Station has successfully completed calibration, RF sanity measurements, and the Drive Study at the frequency and TX/RX signal levels that were determined by the cell site survey. Also ensure that the Base Station is powered on and is able to transmit and receive data. 2. Connect the DC to AC power converter to the power port in the vehicle. 3. Connect the Modem to the DC to AC power converter. 4. Connect the Ethernet cable to the Ethernet port on the laptop computer and to the Ethernet port on the Modem. 5. Connect the GPS to the serial port on the laptop computer. 6. Drive to one of the locations selected on the RF coverage analysis. Stop and turn off the vehicle. 7. Power on the GPS, the Modem, and the laptop computer. Place the Modem on the roof of the vehicle. 8. Start the Navini Networks FTP/Location Test Tool program. 9. Verify that the Base Station is transmitting and that the Modem establishes sync and can communicate with the Base Station. Ping a device address on the network side of the Base Station, and verify that a reply is received. While monitoring the Constellation Debugger, position the Modem to reduce the difference between absolute sync and processed sync levels to 2 or less. 10. Enter a memo into the comment field about which link of the test is being performed. 11. Verify that the GPS input is seen in the application. 12. Put the location number/site identifier into the comment field of the Navini Networks Constellation Debugger, and press the Enter key. This will identify the site location. 13. On the EMS connected to the Base Station, start the BTS Beam Form Display diagnostic tool. 14. From the laptop computer with the Modem connected to it, start a downlink FTP file transfer. Record the results on the site page or in the log. 15. On the EMS connected to the Base Station, using the BTS Beam Form Display diagnostic tool verify the strength and direction of the beam during the file transfer. Record the results on the site page or in the log. 16. Repeat the file transfer three times, stopping and starting the Debugger and Beam Form Display diagnostic tool for each transfer 17. Repeat steps 14-15, this time performing an uplink FTP transfer. 152 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide 18. When finished, remove the Modem from the roof and secure equipment for travel. 19. Drive to the next location selected on the RF coverage analysis. Stop, and turn off the vehicle. 20. Repeat steps 7 to 19 until all locations are tested. At this point send this data to the RF Engineers to analyze, or continue until each quadrant in the cell is complete. When you send the results depends upon the schedule or results from the file transfers. Location (FTP) Test Form The form for recording the Location (FTP) test results is an Excel spreadsheet. Shown in Table T1, the actual column headers go across the top of the form, but are broken into two sections here for readability. Table T1: Location (FTP) Test Form 153 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide 154 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Appendix V: IC Closeout Tool Overview This is a new complex form that replaces the following older forms:

1. RFS System Test Form 2. 2nd tab of the Base Station Installation Certification Form (Serial Numbers) 3. Calibration Verification Form 4. Drive Study Form 5. Location (FTP) Test Form The I&C Closeout Tool (Part Number xx) consists of the following worksheets (tabs):

1. Company Info 2. BTS Info 3. Serial #

4. Layer 1 & 2 5. Cable Loss 6. Calibration Plot 7. RFS and Cable RFS Loss 8. RF Verification 9. Drive Test Form 10. Location Testing Before Using the Form Once a BTS has been added and fully configured in the EMS (including execution the RFS script from the floppy delivered with the antenna, as well as successfully calibrated, you must perform the Export All BTS Data action on this BTS. This creates a text-only file that will be used as input for the I&C Closeout Tool. Using the Form Open the IC_Form and select the first tab (Company Info) and click on the Read BTS Export File (*.txt) button. This action will read the configuration data contained in the BTS export file and populate most of the fields in all the tabs of the I&C Closeout Tool. Complete tabs 1 155 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide

(Company Info), 2 (BTS Info), 3 (Serial #), and 5 (Cable Loss) by filling the green fields manually. No data needs to be entered manually in tabs 4 (Layer 1 & 2) and 6 (Calibration Plot). The remaining four tabs, 7 (RFS and Cable RFS Loss), 8 (RF Verification), 9 (Drive Test Form), and 10 (Location Testing) will be filled as part of the corresponding procedures. Click on the Save Workbook button on the Company Info worksheet (first tab) before saving this Excel file. The purpose of this action is (ASK PHIL ABOUT THIS AND ABOUT THE CREATE AUDIT REPORT BUTTON). Figure V1: Company Info (1st tab) 156 Navini Networks, Inc. Figure V2: BTS Info (2nd tab) Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide 157 Navini Networks, Inc. Figure V3: Serial # (3rd tab) Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide 158 Navini Networks, Inc. Figure V4: Layer 1 & 2 (4th tab) Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide 159 Navini Networks, Inc. Figure V5: Cable Loss (5th tab) Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide 160 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Figure V6a: Calibration Plot (6th tab) Part One of Three 161 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Figure V6b: Calibration Plot (6th tab) Part Two of Three 162 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Figure V6c: Calibration Plot (6th tab) Part Three of Three 163 Navini Networks, Inc. Figure V7: RFS & Cable RFS Loss (7th tab) Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide 164 Navini Networks, Inc. Figure V8: RF Verification (8th tab) Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide 165 Navini Networks, Inc. Figure V9: Drive Test Form (9th tab) Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide 166 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Figure V10a: Location Testing (10th tab) Part One of Two 167 Navini Networks, Inc. Ripwave Base Station I&C Guide Figure V10b: Location Testing (10th tab) Part Two of Two 168