FCC ID: SHU001MPR2400V01 MPR2400

MPR/ MIB Users Manual Rev. A, August 2004 Document 7430-0021-06 2002-2004 Crossbow Technology, Inc. All rights reserved. Information in this document is subject to change without notice. Crossbow is a registered trademark. DMU is a trademark of Crossbow Technology, Inc. Other product and trade names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders. MPR/MIB Users Manual Wireless Sensor Networks Table of Contents 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................3 2 MPR2400 (MICAz) ..........................................................................................................4 2.1 Product Summary.................................................................................................. 4 2.2 Block Diagram and Schematics for the MPR2400 / MICAz...................................... 4 2.3 FCC Certification for the MICAz............................................................................ 8 3 MPR400/MPR410/MPR420 (MICA2)............................................................................9 3.1 Product Summary.................................................................................................. 9 3.2 Block Diagram and Schematics: MPR400/410/420 .................................................. 9 4 MPR500/MPR510/MPR520 (MICA2DOT) .................................................................14 4.1 Product Summary................................................................................................ 14 4.2 On-board Thermistor ........................................................................................... 14 4.3 Block Diagram and Schematics for the MPR500/510/520 MICA2DOT................... 15 5 MPR300/MPR310 (MICA) ............................................................................................19 6 5.1 Schematic ........................................................................................................... 19 Power...............................................................................................................................20 20 6.1 Battery Power...................................................................................................... 20 6.2 External Power.................................................................................................... 21 6.3 MICAz Battery Voltage Monitor .......................................................................... 22 6.4 MICA2 Battery Voltage Monitor .......................................................................... 22 6.5 MICA2DOT Battery Voltage Monitor .................................................................. 23 7 Radios ..............................................................................................................................24 7.1 MICA2 and MICA2DOT..................................................................................... 24 7.2 MICAz ............................................................................................................... 26 8 Antennas..........................................................................................................................29 8.1 Radio/Antenna Considerations ............................................................................. 29 8.2 Connectors for the MICA2 and MICAz and Whip Antennas................................... 29 9 Flash Data Logger and Serial ID Chip.........................................................................31 10 Atmega128 Fuses............................................................................................................32 11 Sensor Boards & Expansion Connectors .....................................................................33 11.1 Sensor Board Compatibility ................................................................................. 33 11.2 MICAz and MICA2 Expansion Connector ............................................................ 33 11.3 MICA2DOT Expansion Connector ....................................................................... 35 12 MIB300 / MIB500 Interface Boards .............................................................................36 Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 1 MPR/MIB Users Manual Wireless Sensor Networks 12.1 Programming the Mote ........................................................................................ 36 12.2 RS-232 Interface ................................................................................................. 36 13 MIB510 Serial Interface Boards ...................................................................................37 13.1 Product Summary................................................................................................ 37 13.2 ISP ..................................................................................................................... 37 13.3 Mote Programming Using the MIB510 ................................................................. 37 13.4 Interfaces to MICAz, MICA2, and MICA2DOT.................................................... 38 14 MIB600CA ......................................................................................................................42 14.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 42 14.2 Setup / Installation............................................................................................... 42 Host Software...................................................................................................... 44 14.3 44 14.4 MIB600 Use........................................................................................................ 44 JTAG.................................................................................................................. 45 14.5 45 15 Appendix A: 10/100 Base-T Cabling Standards ..........................................................47 16 Warranty and Support Information.............................................................................48 16.1 Customer Service ................................................................................................ 48 16.2 Contact Directory................................................................................................ 48 16.3 Return Procedure................................................................................................. 48 16.4 Warranty............................................................................................................. 49 Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 2 MPR/MIB Users Manual Wireless Sensor Networks 1 INTRODUCTION This Users Manual describes the hardware features of the Mote Processor Radio (MPR) platforms and Mote Interface Boards (MIB) for network base stations and programming interfaces. It is intended for understanding and leveraging Crossbows Smart Dust hardware design in real-world sensor network, smart RFID, and ubiquitous computing applications. Table Table 1-1 below lists the models in this Manual. Table 1-2 below summarizes the main features of each Mote. Table 1-1. This Users Manual covers these MPR and MIB models. MPR 2400

(MICAz) 400/410/420

(MICA2) 500/510/520

(MICA2DOT) 300/310

(MICA) MIB 600 510 500 300 Table 1-2. Mote Product Summary. Mote Hardware Platform Models (as of August 2004) MCU Sensor Board Interface RF Transceiver (Radio) Flash Data Logger Memory Default power source Chip Type Program Memory

(kB) SRAM (kB) Type 10-Bit ADC UART Other interfaces Chip Radio Frequency

(MHz) Max. Data Rate

(kbits/sec) Antenna Connector Chip Connection Type Size (kB) Type Typical capacity

(mA-hr) 3.3 V booster MICAz MPR2400 MPR400/410/420 MPR500/510/520 MICA2DOT MICA2 ATMega128L 7.37 MHz, 8 bit 4 MHz, 8 bit 128 4 18 pin 6, 0 V to 3 V input 1 DIO 51 pin 7, 0 V to 3 V input 2 DIO, I2C CC2420 CC1000 2400 250 315/433/915 38.4 MICA MPR300/310 ATMega103L 4 MHz, 8 bit 51 pin 7, 0 V to 3 V input 2 DIO, I2C TR1000 433/915 40 MMCX PCB solder hole AT45DB014B SPI 512 Coin (CR2354) 560 AA, 2 2000 N/A AA, 2 2000

This Manual is not a software guide to programming the motes in TinyOS/nesC, nor is it a guide to pre-built software packages that run on top of the Motes. The following two resources are available regarding software:

Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 3 MPR/MIB Users Manual Wireless Sensor Networks q TinyOS Getting Started Guide by Crossbow Technology, Inc. available on the TinyOS Support Tools CDROM or the Crossbow web site at www.xbow.com under Support>Users Manuals. q The TinyOS web site at http://webs.cs.berkeley.edu/tos Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 4 MPR/MIB Users Manual Wireless Sensor Networks 2 MPR2400 (MICAZ) Product Summary 2.1 The MICAz is the latest generation of Motes from Crossbow Technology. The MPR2400 (2400 MHz to 2483.5 MHz band) uses the Chipcon CC2420, IEEE 802.15.4 compliant, ZigBee ready radio frequency transceiver integrated with an Atmega128L micro-controller. The same MICA2, 51 pin I/O connector, and serial flash memory is used; all MICA2 application software and sensor boards are compatible with the MPR2400. Figure 2-1. Photo of the MPR2400MICAz with standard antenna. For the dimensions of the board and locations of the mounting holes, see Figure 2-2. 2.2 Block Diagram and Schematics for the MPR2400 / MICAz Antenna Antenna MMCX connector MMCX connector Logger Logger Flash Flash ATMega128L ATMega128L mcontroller mcontroller Analog I/O Analog I/O Digital I/O Digital I/O i i 5 5 1 1

P P n n E E x x p p a a n n s s i i o o n n C C o o n n n n e e c c t t o o r r Feature Batteries Radio Antenna Data Flash Logger Atmega128 Expansion Connector Chapter 6 7 8 9 10 11 CC2420 DSSS CC2420 DSSS Radio Radio L L E E D D s s Figure 2-1. Block diagram of the MICA2 and listing of Chapters that discuss the components in greater detail. Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 5 MPR/MIB Users Manual 2.2.1 51-pin Expansion Connector Wireless Sensor Networks Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 6 MPR/MIB Users Manual 2.2.2 CC2420 Radio Wireless Sensor Networks Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 7 MPR/MIB Users Manual 2.2.3 Battery, ADC1 Wireless Sensor Networks Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 8 MPR/MIB Users Manual Wireless Sensor Networks FCC Certification for the MICAz 2.3 The MICAz Mote is classified by the FCC as both a Class A and a Class B digital device. As such this section describes how to operate the equipment so that it does not cause unintended RF interference. Class A & B Digital Device Compliance 2.3.1 This equipment has been tested by the FCC and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, a nd can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interfe rence to radio communications. There is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a commercial environment. Howe ver, operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on. If this is the case the user is encouraged to try and correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

q Reorient or locate the receiving antenna. q Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver. q Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. q Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. If these measures do not correct for RF interference, the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense. IWARNING: Any modifications to the unit, unless expressly approved by Crossbow Technology, Inc. could void the users authority to operate the MICAz Mote (also referred to as equipment in this Section). Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 9 MPR/MIB Users Manual Wireless Sensor Networks 3 MPR400/MPR410/MPR420 (MICA2) Product Summary 3.1 The MICA2 Motes come in three models according to their RF frequency band: the MPR400

(915 MHz), MPR410 (433 MHz), and MPR420 (315 MHz). The Motes use the Chipcon CC1000, FSK modulated radio. All models utilize a powerful Atmega128L micro-controller and a frequency tunable radio with extended range. The MPR4x0 and MPR5x0 radios are compatible and can communicate with each other. (The x = 0, 1, or 2 depending on the model / frequency band.) Atmel ATMega128 External power connector MMCX connector

(female) On/Off Switch 51-pin Hirose connector

(male) Figure 3-1. Left: Photo of a MICA2 (MPR4x0) without an antenna. Right: Top and plan views showing the dimensions and hole locations of the MICA2 PCB without the battery pack. 3.2 Block Diagram and Schematics: MPR400/410/420 Antenna Antenna MMCX connector MMCX connector Logger Logger Flash Flash ATMega128L ATMega128L mcontroller mcontroller Analog I/O Analog I/O Digital I/O Digital I/O i i 5 5 1 1

P P n n E E x x p p a a n n s s o o n n C C o o n n n n e e c c t t o o r r i i Feature Chapter Battery / Ext. Power Radio Antenna Data Flash Logger Atmega128 Expansion Connector 6 7 8 9 10 11 CC1000 FSK CC1000 FSK Power Power Connector Connector L L E E D D s s Figure 3-2. Block diagram of the MICA2 and listing of Chapters that discuss the components in greater detail. Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 10 MPR/MIB Users Manual 3.2.1 Battery, Power, and ADC1 Wireless Sensor Networks BT1 BATTERY_2AA

V

V 1 2 D1 BAT54C R1 0 OHM R4 0 OHM J4 1 2 1 2 CONN BOARD OPTIONS R1 R2 R4 R8 RT1 INSTALL NOT INSTALLED NOT INSTALLED NOT INSTALLED NOT INSTALLED TP3 BAT_MON R7 18.2K VCC R6 ADC7 10K U2 1 2 3 LM4041-1.2 R2 0 OHM SW2 2 SPDT 1 3 R5 1K VSNSR R8 10K THERM_PWR VSNSR R3 0 OHM C2

.1uF C1

.1uF ADC[0..7]

ADC1 RT1 10.0K 3.2.2 CC1000 RADIO CONTROL PCLK PDATA PALE RADIO DATA SPI_SCK SPI_MOSI SPI_MISO CHP_OUT ADC0 (RSSI) AVCC VCC C5 0.033uF C6

.001uF C7

.001uF C8 220PF C9 220PF C10 0.033uF C11

.001uF AVCC VCC L1 BEAD-0805 L2 C12 SPI_SCK SPI_MISO R12 10K DCLK PCLK PDATA PALE L4 AVCC VCC U3 5 1591 1 2 C C V A C C V A C C V A C C V A 23 24 25 26 27 10 11 13 DIO DCLK PCLK PDATA PALE L1 L2 R_BIAS CC1000 C C V RF_IN RF_OUT CHP_OUT RSSI XOSC1 XOSC2 3 4 12 28 18 17 R14 82.5K C18 4.7pF VCC 1 Y4 1 14.7456MHZ 2 2 C19 13pF C20 13pF C13 L3 CHP_OUT AVCC C14 ADC0 C16

.001uF R13 27.4K L5 C17 C15 MMCX 1 2 3 J5 PALE DCLK R9 1M PDATA R10 R11 1M 1M Title Size B Date:

MICA2 MPR410CB-433MHZ Document Number 6310-0306-01 Rev A Friday, March 21, 2003 Sheet 2 of 6 1 2 J3 1 2 HDR 2 X 1 X .1 Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 11 MPR/MIB Users Manual 3.2.3 51-pin Expansion Connector: Location J21 Wireless Sensor Networks INT[0..3]

BAT_MON LED3 LED2 LED1 RD W R ALE VSNSR INT3 INT2 INT1 INT0 PW7 USART1_CLK PROG_MOSI PROG_MISO SPI_SCK USART1_RXD USART1_TXD I2C_CLK I2C_DATA PWM0 PWM1A AC+

AC-

J21 G U L P E S O R I H 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 DF9-51P-1V(54) PW[0..7]

UART_RXD0 UART_TXD0 ADC[0..7]

THERM_PWR UART_RXD0 UART_TXD0 PW0 PW1 PW2 PW3 PW4 PW5 PW6 ADC7 ADC6 ADC5 ADC4 ADC3 ADC2 ADC1 ADC0 THRU1 THRU2 THRU3 RSTN PWM1B VCC PIN NAME DESCRIPTION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 GND VSNSR INT3 INT2 INT1 INT0 BAT_MON LED3 LED2 LED1 RD WR ALE PW7 USART1_CLK PROG_MOSI PROG_MISO SPI_SCK USART1_RXD USART1_TXD I2C_CLK I2C_DATA PWM0 PWM1A AC+

AC-

GROUND SENSOR SUPPLY GPIO GPIO GPIO GPIO BATTERY VOLTAGE MONITOR ENABLE LED3 LED2 LED1 GPIO GPIO GPIO POWER CONTROL 7 USART1 CLOCK SERIAL PROGRAM MOSI SERIAL PROGRAM MISO SPI SERIAL CLOCK USART1 RX DATA USART1 TX DATA I2C BUS CLOCK I2C BUS DATA GPIO/PWM0 GPIO/PWM1A GPIO/AC+

GPIO/AC-

3.2.4 51-pin Expansion Pads: Location J22 PW[0..7]

VSNSR J22 INT[0..3]

BAT_MON LED3 LED2 LED1 RD WR ALE INT3 INT2 INT1 INT0 PW7 USART1_CLK PROG_MOSI PROG_MISO SPI_SCK USART1_RXD USART1_TXD I2C_CLK I2C_DATA PWM0 PWM1A AC+

AC-

UART_RXD0 UART_TXD0 PW0 PW1 PW2 PW3 PW4 PW5 PW6 ADC7 ADC6 ADC5 ADC4 ADC3 ADC2 ADC1 ADC0 THRU1 THRU2 THRU3 ADC[0..7]

THERM_PWR RSTN PWM1B VCC T E K C O S E S O R I H 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 DF9B-51S-1V PIN NAME DESCRIPTION 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 UART_RXD0 UART_TXD0 PW0 PW1 PW2 PW3 PW4 PW5 PW6 ADC7 ADC6 ADC5 ADC4 ADC3 ADC2 ADC1 ADC0 THERM_PWR THRU1 THRU2 THRU3 RSTN PWM1B VCC GND UART_0 RECEIVE UART_0 TRANSMIT POWER CONTROL 0 POWER CONTROL 1 POWER CONTROL 2 POWER CONTROL 3 POWER CONTROL 4 POWER CONTROL 5 POWER CONTROL 6 ADC INPUT 7 - BATTERY MONITOR/JTAG TDI ADC INPUT 6 / JTAG TDO ADC INPUT 5 / JTAG TMS ADC INPUT 4 / JTAG TCK ADC INPUT 3 ADC INPUT 2 ADC INPUT 1 ADC INPUT 0 / RSSI MONITOR TEMP SENSOR ENABLE THRU CONNECT 1 THRU CONNECT 2 THRU CONNECT3 RESET (NEG) GPIO/PWM1B DIGITAL SUPPLY GROUND M18 1 MTG128 M20 1 MTG128 1 1 CROSSBOW TECHNOLOGY. INC. Title Size B MICA2 MPR410CB-433MHZ Document Number 6310-0306-01 Rev A Date:

Friday, March 21, 2003 Sheet 4 of 6 Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 12 MPR/MIB Users Manual 3.2.5 ATMega128L Wireless Sensor Networks C21

.1uF C23

.1uF U7 PA0/AD0 PA1/AD1 PA2/AD2 PA3/AD3 PA4/AD4 PA5/AD5 PA6/AD6 PA7/AD7 PC0/A8 PC1/A9 PC2/A10 PC3/A11 PC4/A12 PC5/A13 PC6/A14 PC7/A15 PB0/SS PB1/SCK PB2/MOSI PB3/MISO PB4/OC0 PB5/OC1A PB6/OC1B PB7/OC1C PEN 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1 VSNSR VCC R15 470 C22

.1uF R16 10K RSTN 4 6 2 6 0 2 C C V A F E R A T S R PD0/I2C_CLK PD1/I2C_DATA PD2/RXD1 PD3/TXD1 PD4/IC1 PD5/XCK1 PD6/T1 PD7/T2 PE0/RXD0 PE1/TXD0 PE2/XCK0 PE3/OC3A PE4/OC3B PE5/OC3C PE6/T3 PE7/IC3 PF0/ADC0 PF1/ADC1 PF2/ADC2 PF3/ADC3 PF4/TCK PF5/TMS PF6/TDO PF7/TDI PG0/WR PG1/RD PG2/ALE 1 C S O T 4 G P 2 C S O T 3 G P

1 L A T X 2 L A T X 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 33 34 43 INT0 INT1 INT2 INT3 ADC0 ADC1 ADC2 ADC3 ADC4 ADC5 ADC6 ADC7 I2C_CLK I2C_DATA USART1_RXD USART1_TXD PALE USART1_CLK PCLK PDATA UART_RXD0 UART_TXD0 AC+

AC-

INT[0..3]

ADC[0..7]

WR RD ALE 4 2 3 2 9 1 8 1 10K VCC ATMEGA128L LED3 LED2 LED1 FLASH_CS SERIAL_ID BAT_MON CHP_OUT THERM_PWR PW[0..7]

SPI_MOSI R18 0 OHM SPI_MISO SPI_SCK PWM0 PWM1A PWM1B R20 10K PW0 PW1 PW2 PW3 PW4 PW5 PW6 PW7 R21 Y2 X2 X1 X2 X1 7.3728MHZ 2 3 1 4 C35 13pF Y3 4 3 X2 X1 GND GND 1 2 C36 13pF 32.768KHZ CROSSBOW TECHNOLOGY. INC. Title Size B MICA2 MPR410CB-433MHZ Document Number 6310-0306-01 Date:

Friday, March 21, 2003 Sheet 5 of 6 Rev A Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 13 MPR/MIB Users Manual 3.2.6 Flash Memory, Serial ID, LEDs, USART Wireless Sensor Networks VCC

C24 10uF 10V VCC C25

.01uF C26

.01uF C27

.01uF C28

.01uF C29

.01uF C30

.01uF VCC USART1_RXD UART_TXD0 FLASH_CS R19 1M R22 1M R23 4.7K D2 LED1 2 1 RED 2 LED2 D3 1 D4 LED3 2 GREEN 1 YELLOW R26 470 R25 470 R27 470 VCC C31 1000pF C32 1000pF C33 1000pF C34 1000pF USART1_RXD VCC USART1_TXD USART1_CLK FLASH_CS SERIAL_ID 1 2 3 4 U5 SO SI SCK RST CS WP AT45DB041 8 5 U6 DQ 2 DS2401P RADIO CONTROL FLASH INTERFACE SENSOR INTERFACE PCLK PDATA PALE RADIO DATA SPI_SCK SPI_MOSI SPI_MISO CHP_OUT ADC0

(RSSI) FLASH_SI FLASH_SO FLASH_CLK SERIAL_ID UART INTERFACE UART_RXD0 UART_TXD0 CONTROL INTERFACE I2C_CLK I2C_DATA PW[0..7]

ADC[1..6]

VCC MONITOR ADC7 CROSSBOW TECHNOLOGY. INC. Title Size B MICA2 MPR410CB-433MHZ Document Number 6310-0306-01 Date:

Friday, March 21, 2003 Sheet 6 of 6 Rev A Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 14 MPR/MIB Users Manual Wireless Sensor Networks 4 MPR500/MPR510/MPR520 (MICA2DOT) Product Summary 4.1 The MICA2DOT is a Mote designed for applications where physical size is important. Like the MICA2, these are available in three models according to the frequency of the RF transceiver: the MPR500 (915 MHz), MPR510 (433 MHz), and MPR520 (315 MHz). The Motes use the Chipcon CC1000 FSK-modulated radio. All models utilize a powerful ATMega128L micro-

controller and a frequency tunable radio with extended range. The MPR4x0 and MPR5x0 radios are compatible and can communicate with each other as long as the x is the same number. Atmel ATMega128

(a) Top-side

(b) Bottom-side Chipcon CC1000 Figure 4-1. Photos of the MICA2DOT shown next to a US quarter: a) Top-side and b) Bottom-

side. Typically the MICA2DOT has a 3 V coin-cell battery holder attached to the bottom-side, but it has been removed to show the details. 4.2 On-board Thermistor The MICA2DOT Mote has an on-board thermistor (Panasonic ERT-J1VR103J) which is a surface mount component. It is on the ATMega128 side of the board at the location labeled RT1. Its output is at ADC1 and is enabled by setting PW6 (PC6/A14) to LO and PW7

(PC7/A15) to HI. The Motes ADC output can be converted to degrees kelvin in the 273.15 K to 323.15 K (0C to 50 C) range using the Steinhart-Hart equation, which is a widely used third-order approximation. KT

where:

Rba ln 1

thr c

(ln R thr 3)

Rthr R 1 ADC _

ADC FS ADC

) and a, b and c are called the Steinhart-Hart parameters with the following values:

a = 0.00130705 Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 15

MPR/MIB Users Manual b = 0.000214381 c = 0.000000093 R1 = 10 k?

ADC_FS = 1023 ADC = output value from the Motes ADC measurement. Wireless Sensor Networks 4.3 Block Diagram and Schematics for the MPR500/510/520 MICA2DOT 19 peripheral pins Antenna Antenna Logger Flash ATMega128L mcontroller Analog I/O Digital I/O Freq. Tunable Radio 25 mm Feature Chapter Battery / Ext. Power Radio Antenna Data Flash Logger Atmega128 Expansion Connector 6 7 8 9 10 11 Figure 4-1. Block diagram of the MICA2DOT and listing of Chapters that discuss the components in greater detail. Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 16 MPR/MIB Users Manual Wireless Sensor Networks 4.3.1 MICA2DOT CC1000 Radio Side L3 C10 SPI_SCK SPI_MISO R13 10K DCLK PCLK PDATA PALE L8 U3 CC1000 DIO DCLK PCLK PDATA PALE L1 L2 R_BIAS 23 24 25 26 27 10 11 13 R18 82.5K C17 4.7pF AVCC VCCA 5 1591 1 2 C C V A C C V A C C V A C C V A C C V RF_IN RF_OUT CHP_OUT RSSI XOSC1 XOSC2 3 4 12 28 18 17 1 Y1 X1 X2 14.7456MHZ 2 C20 13pF C21 13pF AVCC VCCA C3 0.033uF C4

.001uF C6 220PF C9

.001uF AVCC C13 C12 L4 POT_PWR ADC0 L9 TP17 TP18 C16

.001uF R17 27.4K R35 10K C18 C19 INT3 VCCA PALE DCLK PDATA R10 1M R12 1M R11 1M AVCC VCCA L2 BEAD-0805 Title Size B Date:

MICA DOT2 RADIO SIDE Document Number 6310-0300-01 Rev A Wednesday, March 26, 2003 Sheet 1 of 3 Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 17 MPR/MIB Users Manual 4.3.2 MIC2DOT ATMega128L, ADC Interfaces, Battery VCCA C22

.1uF R21 470 R22 Wireless Sensor Networks INT3 PALE PCLK PDATA AC+

AC-

DC_BOOST_SHDN GPS_ENA POT_PWR ADC[0..7]

LED3 LED2 LED1 FLASH_CLK I2C1_CLK I2C1_DATA FLASH_SO FLASH_SI PW[0..7]

SPI_MOSI SPI_MISO SPI_SCK PWM0 PWM1A PWM1B R27 10K 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1 VCCA PW0 PW1 PW2 PW3 PW4 PW5 PW6 PW7 R28 10K 1 2 2 5 4 6 2 6 0 2 C C V C C V T S R C C V A F E R A VCCA U6 PA0/AD0 PA1/AD1 PA2/AD2 PA3/AD3 PA4/AD4 PA5/AD5 PA6/AD6 PA7/AD7 PC0/A8 PC1/A9 PC2/A10 PC3/A11 PC4/A12 PC5/A13 PC6/A14 PC7/A15 PB0/SS PB1/SCK PB2/MOSI PB3/MISO PB4/OC0 PB5/OC1A PB6/OC1B PB7/OC1C PEN D N G D N G D N G 2 2 3 5 3 6 1 C S O T 4 G P 2 C S O T 3 G P

1 L A T X 2 L A T X 4 2 3 2 9 1 8 1 RSTN INT0 INT1 INT2 SPI_MOSI UART_RXD0 UART_TXD0 SERIAL_ID ADC0 ADC1 ADC2 ADC3 ADC4 ADC5 ADC6 ADC7 WR RD ALE 10K C23

.1uF PD0/INT0 PD1/INT1 PD2/RXD1 PD3/TXD1 PD4/IC1 PD5/XCK1 PD6/T1 PD7/T2 PE0/RXD0 PE1/TXD0 PE2/XCK0 PE3/OC3A PE4/OC3B PE5/OC3C PE6/T3 PE7/IC3 PF0/ADC0 PF1/ADC1 PF2/ADC2 PF3/ADC3 PF4/TCK PF5/TMS PF6/TDO PF7/TDI PG0/WR PG1/RD PG2/ALE 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 33 34 43 ATMEGA128LMLF Y5 X2 X1 2 1 3 NC 32.768KHZ 1 2 3 Y4 X1 GND X2 4.000MHZ X1 GND X2 6 5 4 TP1 TP2 TP3 TP4 TP5 TP6 TP7 TP8 TP9 TP10 TP11 TP12 VCCA ADC[0..7]

ADC4 ADC5 ADC6 ADC7 TP13 TP14 TP15 TP19 TP20 TP21 PWM1B ADC2 ADC3 GPS_ENA INT1 INT0 SPI_SCK RSTN UART_RXD0 UART_TXD0 PW0 PW1 PW[0..7]

VCCA 1 2 BT1 BATTERY Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 18 MPR/MIB Users Manual Wireless Sensor Networks 4.3.3 Data Flash Logger/Serial ID, On-board Thermistor, LED VCCA R36 10K PW7 PW6 FLASH_SO UART_TXD0 SERIAL_ID ADC1 RT1 10.0K D5 SD103AW VCCA

C24 10uF 10V C25

.01uF C26

.01uF VCCA VCCA R26 1M R29 1M R30 4.7K VCCA C31 1000pF C32 1000pF D2 LED1 2 1 RED R31 470 VCCA VCCA 1 2 3 4 U7 6 SI SCK RST CS C C V D N G 7 8 FLASH_SO SO 5 WP AT45DB041 FLASH_SI FLASH_CLK SERIAL_ID R25 100K RSTN Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 19 MPR/MIB Users Manual Wireless Sensor Networks 5 MPR300/MPR310 (MICA) X NOTE: The MICA Mote has been discontinued by Crossbow since December 2003. The MICA Mote was the second generation Mote module used in many ground breaking research and development efforts. The MPR300/310 includes a powerful Atmel ATMega128L. It used an amplitude shift keying radiothe TR1000by RF Monolithics, Inc. Schematic 5.1 Schematics for the MPR300/410 Mote can be found at:

http://today.cs.berkeley.edu/tos/hardware/hardware.html Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 20 MPR/MIB Users Manual Wireless Sensor Networks 6 POWER 6.1 Battery Power All motes are designed for battery power. The MICA2 and MICAz form factors are designed to match up with two AA batteries; however any battery combination (AAA, C, D, etc., cells) can be used provided that the output is between 2.7 VDC to 3.6 VDC. The MPR500 (915 MHz band), MPR510 (433 MHz band), and MPR520 (315 MHz band, Japan specific) MICA2DOT form factor is designed to match up with a single coin cell battery;

however any battery combination (AAA, C, D, etc., cells) can be used provided that the output is between 2.73.6VDC. Mote Hardware Platform MICAz MICA2 MICA2DOT Table 6-1. Batteries for the Mote Platforms. Standard Battery (#

required) Typical Battery Capacity

(mA-hr) AA (2) AA (2) Coin 2000, Alkaline 2000, Alkaline 560, Li-ion Practical Operating Voltage Range (V) 3.6 to 2.7 3.6 to 2.7 3.6 to 2.7 Care should be used in selecting the battery and its capacity to match the energy needs of the motes and their required operating span. Also make sure that the temperature range and associated capacity degradation are looked at prior to deployment. Table 6-2 below provides some useful guidance on current consumption of various system components. Table 6-2. Current Requirements for the Motes in Various Operation. Operating Current (mA) ATMega128L, full operation 12 (7.37 MHz) 12 (7.37 MHz) MICA2 MICAz MICA2DOT 6 (4MHz) ATMega128L, sleep Radio, receive Radio, transmit (1 mW power) Radio, sleep Serial flash memory, write Serial flash memory, read Serial flash memory, sleep 0.010 19.7 17 0.001 0.010 0.010 7 10 0.001 7 10 0.001 15 4 0.002 Table 6-3 section below provides some useful guidance on how to predict battery life. The spreadsheet can be found at http://www.xbow.com under the Support section. Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 21 MPR/MIB Users Manual Wireless Sensor Networks Table 6-3. Estimate of battery life operation for a Mote. SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS Currents Processor Current (full operation) Current sleep Radio 8 mA 8 m A Current in receive 8 mA Current transmit 12 mA 2 m A Current sleep Logger Memory Write 15 mA 4 mA Read 2 m A Sleep Sensor Board Current (full operation) Current sleep 5 mA 5 m A Computed mA-hr used each hour Processor Radio Logger Memory Sensor Board Total current (mA-hr) used Example Duty Cycle 1 99 0.75 0.25 99 0 0 100 1 99 0.0879 0.0920 0.0020 0.0550 0.2369 Computed battery life vs. battery size Battery Capacity (mA-hr) 250 1000 3000 Battery Life

(months) 1.45 5.78 17.35 X NOTE: In most Mote applications, the processor and radio run for a brief period of time, followed by a sleep cycle. During sleep, current consumption is in the micro-amps as opposed to milli-amps. This results in very low-current draw the majority of the time, and short duration spikes while processing, receiving, and transmitting data. This method extends battery life; however, due to the current surges, it reduces specified battery capacity. Battery capacity is typically specified by the manufacturer for a constant nominal current drawn. External Power 6.2 The MICA2 and MICAz can be externally powered through either:

1. The 51-pin connector will supply power and ground to the unit. Refer to connector description. 2. The 2-pin Molex connector. Molex part number 53261-0290, Digi-Key part number WM1753-ND. (See Figure 6-4 below.) Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 22 MPR/MIB Users Manual Wireless Sensor Networks Figure 6-4. Photo of using the Molex connector to attach the AA battery pack. Photo courtesy of Nick Sitar, UC Berkeley, 2004. 6.3 MICAz Battery Voltage Monitor The MICAz has an accurate internal voltage reference that can be used to measure battery voltage (Vbatt). Since the eight-channel ADC on the ATMega128L uses the battery voltage as a full scale reference, the ADC full scale voltage value changes as the battery voltage changes. In order to track the battery voltage, the precision voltage reference (band gap reference) is monitored to determine the ADC full-scale (ADC_FS) voltage span which corresponds to Vbatt. To compute the battery voltage:

1. Program the application code to measure ADC channel 30 the Internal Bandgap Voltage reference. 2. Compute battery voltage, Vbatt, from ADC reading (ADC_Count) by:

_ _ FS ADC ADC Count V V batt ref where:

Vbatt = Battery voltage ADC_FS = 1024 Vref = Internal voltage reference = 1.223 volts ADC_Count = Data from the ADC measurement of Internal Voltage reference The TinyOS component VoltageM.nc can be wired into an application to provide this measurement capability. The reserved keyword TOS_ADC_VOLTAGE_PORT is mapped to ADC Channel 30 in the MICAz. 6.4 MICA2 Battery Voltage Monitor The MICA2 units have an accurate voltage reference that can be used to measure battery voltage

(Vbatt). Since the eight-channel, ATMega128L ADC uses the battery voltage as a full scale reference, the ADC full scale voltage value changes as the battery voltage changes. In order to calibrate the battery voltage a precision external voltage reference is required. The MICA2 uses an LM4041 (Mfg: National Semiconductor) 1.223 V reference (Vref) attached to ADC channel 7. X NOTE: ADC channel 7 is also used for JTAG debugging on the Atmega128 processor. MICA2s and MICA2DOTs ship with the JTAG fuse enabled. When this fuse is enabled the input impedance of channel 7 is lowered which affects the voltage reference measurement. The fuse must be disabled if ADC channel 7 is used. See below for information on setting ATMega128L fuses. Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 23 MPR/MIB Users Manual To compute the battery voltage:

Wireless Sensor Networks 1. Set the BAT_MON processor pin (PA5/AD5) to HI. 2. Program the application code to measure ADC Channel 7. 3. Compute battery voltage, Vbatt, from Channel 7s data by:

_ _ FS ADC ADC Count V V batt ref where:

Vbatt = Battery voltage ADC_FS = 1024 Vref = External voltage reference = 1.223 V ADC_Count = Data from the ADC measurement of Channel 7 6.5 MICA2DOT Battery Voltage Monitor Unlike the MICAz and the MICA2, the MICA2DOT uses a Schottky reference diode (S103AW) as a voltage reference that can be used to measure battery voltage (Vbatt). Since the eight-channel, ATMega128L ADC uses the battery voltage as a full-scale reference, the ADC full scale

(ADC_FS) voltage value changes as the battery voltage changes. In order to calibrate the battery voltage an external voltage reference (Vref) is required. To compute the battery voltage:

1. Set processor pins PW7 (PC7/A15) to LO and PW6 (PC6/A14) to HI. 2. Program the application code to measure ADC Channel 1 (ADC1). 3. Compute battery voltage, Vbatt, from channel 1s data by:

_ _ FS ADC ADC Count V V batt ref where:

Vbatt = Battery voltage ADC_FS = 1024 Vref = External voltage reference = 0.6 volts ADC_Count = Data from the ADC measurement of Channel 1 Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 24 MPR/MIB Users Manual 7.1 MICA2 and MICA2DOT Wireless Sensor Networks 7 RADIOS Radio Considerations 7.1.1 The radio on the MICA2 and MICA2DOT is capable of multiple channel operation, within the intended band of operation. The MPR420/MPR520 can span up to 4 channels of operation in the 315 MHz band, the MPR410/MPR510 can span up to 4 channels of operation in the 433 MHz band (433.05434.79 MHz). The MPR400/MPR500 can operate in two frequency regions: 868 870 MHz (up to 4 channels) and 902928 MHz (up to 54 channels). The actual number of possible channels is higher for all the MICA2/MICA2DOT motes. However, it is recommended that the adjacent channel spacing should be at least 500 kHz to avoid adjacent channel interference thereby reducing the number of available channels. A tutorial on how to change frequency is available at http://www.tinyos.net/tinyos-1.x/doc/mica2radio/CC1000.html. Radio Transmission Power 7.1.2 The radio on the MICA2/MICA2DOT can be adjusted for a range of output power levels. The register in the radio that controls the RF power level is designated PA_POW at address 0x0B, and the values and their corresponding RF outputs are provided on Table 7-1 below. It shows the closest programmable value for output powers in steps of 1 dBm. For power down mode the Chipcon datasheet says, the PA_POW should be set to 00h [0x00] for minimum leakage current. Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 25 MPR/MIB Users Manual Wireless Sensor Networks Table 7-1. Chipcon CC1000 Ouput Power (PA_POW) Settings and Typical Current Consumption. From Smart RF CC1000 Preliminary Datasheet (rev. 2.1), 2002-04-19, p. 29 of 48. Pout (dBm) PA_POW (hex) 433/315 MHz

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11

-10

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0x01 0x01 0x02 0x02 0x02 0x03 0x03 0x03 0x04 0x04 0x05 0x05 0x06 0x07 0x08 0x09 0x0a 0x0b 0x0c 0x0e 0x0f 0x40 0x50 0x50 0x60 0x70 0x80 0x90 0xc0 0xe0 0xff Current Consumption, typ.

(mA) 5.3 6.9 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.6 7.6 7.9 7.9 8.2 8.4 8.7 8.9 9.4 9.6 9.7 10.2 10.4 11.8 12.8 12.8 13.8 14.8 15.8 16.8 20.0 22.1 26.7 PA_POW

(hex) 915 MHz 0x02 0x02 0x03 0x03 0x04 0x05 0x05 0x06 0x07 0x08 0x09 0x0b 0x0c 0x0d 0x0f 0x40 0x50 0x50 0x60 0x70 0x80 0x90 0xb0 0xc0 0xf0 0xff Current Consumption, typ.

(mA) 8.6 8.8 9.0 9.0 9.1 9.3 9.3 9.5 9.7 9.9 10.1 10.4 10.6 10.8 11.1 13.8 14.5 14.5 15.1 15.8 16.8 17.2 18.5 19.2 21.3 25.4 X NOTE:

In order to comply with "Biyjacku" (Japanese standard), the Radio Transmit power for the MICA2 must have a PA_POW set to lowest value, 0x01. The radio on the MICA2/MICA2DOT also provides a measurement of the received signal strength, referred to as RSSI. This output is measured on ADC channel 0 and is available to the software. Some versions of TinyOS provide this measurement automatically, and others must be enabled by the user. The conversion from ADC counts to RSSI in dBm is given by:

Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 26 MPR/MIB Users Manual _ Counts 1024 V RSSI

V batt RSSI

dBm

) ADC

3.51 RSSI

dBm

0.50 RSSIV RSSIV 2.49 for 433 and 315 MHz Motes 5.45 for 915 MHz Motes Wireless Sensor Networks Figure 7-2. Graph showing VRSSI versus the received signal strength indicator (dBm). From the ChipCons SmartRF CC1000 PRELIMINARY Datasheet (rev. 2.1), p. 30. 2002. Care should be taken to provide an antenna that provides proper coverage for the environment expected. Range and performance are strongly affected by choice of antenna and antenna placement within the environment. In addition, care must be taken to ensure compliance with FCC article 15 regulations for intentional radiators. An omni directional antenna such as a quarter wavelength whip should be sufficient to meet most user requirements. M WARNING: The radio on the MICA2 has an extremely sensitive receiver, which can be interfered with by an adjacent local oscillator from another MICA2. A distance of at least 2 feet should be maintained between MICA2 units to avoid local oscillator interference. 7.2 MICAz Radio RF Channel Selection 7.2.1 The MICAzs CC2420 radio can be tuned from 2.048 GHz to 3.072 GHz which includes the global ISM band at 2.4 GHz. IEEE 802.15.4 channels are numbered from 11 (2.405 GHz) to 26

(2.480 GHz) each separated by 5 MHz. The channel can be selected at run-time with the TOS CC2420Radio library call CC2420Control.TunePreset(uint8_t chnl). By default channel 11 (2480 MHz) is selected. Radio Transmission Power 7.2.2 RF transmission power is programmable from 0 dBm (1 mW) to 25dBm. Lower transmission power can be advantageous by reducing interference and dropping radio power consumption from 17.5 mA at full power to 8.5 mA at lowest power. RF transmit power is controlled using the TOS CC2420Radio library call CC2420Control.SetRFPower(uint8_t power) where power is an 8-bit code selected from the following:

Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 27

MPR/MIB Users Manual Wireless Sensor Networks Power Register (code) MICAz TX RF Power (dBm) 31 27 23 19 15 11 7 3 0

-1

-3

-5

-7

-10

-15

-25 The RF received signal strength indication (RSSI) is read directly from the CC2420 Radio. In TinyOS the RSSI is automatically returned in the TOSMsg->strength field with every radio packet received. Typical RSSI values for a given RF input level are shown in Figure 7-1 below. Figure 7-2. Typical RSSI value versus input RF level in dBm. 7.2.3 Known MICAz and TinyOS Compatibility Issues 1. #define PLATFORM_MICAZ In general this #define should be added to various applications/libraries wherever the text PLATFORM_MICA2 is found. 2. ATMega128L Timer2 Use Timer2 is used for high resolution (32uSec) timing in the CC2420Radio stack. The module HPLTimer2.nc located under the tinyos-1.x/tos/platform/micaz/ directory provides the Timer2 resources to AsyncTimerJiffy component for this service. Applications that use Timer2 will have to be modified to avoid conflicts with its use for the MICAz platform radio stack. 3. INT2 GPIO Line MICA I/O signal INT2 (Port E, pin 6 on ATMega128 or 51-pin Hirose connector pin 4) is used internally to the MICAz for the CC2420 Radio Receiver FIFO Ready interrupt. Use of INT2 for any other purpose must be done with care. Specifically, the Port configuration (input, active low) must be restored following use in other software modules. Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 28 MPR/MIB Users Manual Wireless Sensor Networks X NOTE: Programmers should be cautioned that the MICAz receiver radio stack

(CC2420RadioM.nc) will be disabled if the INT2 pin is reprogrammed/re-tasked by another TOS component. 4. MTS300/310 (a.k.a., micasb) Temperature Sensor INT2 control line is used on the MTS300/310 (micasb) for enabling the thermistor. During temperature measurement, interrupts from the MICAz radio receiver are inhibited. MICAz radio received packets are buffered in the CC2420 RX FIFO. If the MTS300/310s thermistor is enabled for too long the receiver buffer may overflow. During temperature measurements dropout in data reading. This is due to receipt of a radio packet which will strobe the INT2 and thus affect the thermistor voltage. Following temperature measurement, the MTS300/310 driver must restore the INT2 port to configuration used for handling interrupts from the CC2420 radio. Symptom of not restoring the INT2 port correctly is all that radio reception stops. A Temporary Fix the Temperature Sensor Issue:

o INT2 Control A modified PhotoTempM.nc module is provided in tinyos-

1.x/tos/platform/micaz/. This module restores INT2 port following each measurement. o Temperature data drop out Software can be added to exclude/reject a temperature reading differentials that exceed what is physically possible from one sample to the next. o Hardware can be modified to buffer/overdrive CC2420 Radios packet received flag during temperature measurements. The following two changes are suggested. a. MTS300/310 Sensor Board Module: Remove capacitor C1 (located near RT1 thermistor) b. MICAz Module: Change resistor at location R31 to 10 kW

. Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 29 MPR/MIB Users Manual Wireless Sensor Networks 8 ANTENNAS 8.1 Radio/Antenna Considerations Care should be taken to provide an antenna that provides proper coverage for the environment expected. Range and performance are strongly affected by choice of antenna and antenna placement within the environment. In addition, care must be taken to ensure compliance with FCC article 15 regulations for intentional radiators. Because of its small physical size, the usual antenna chosen is a length of insulated wire one-quarter wavelength long for the frequency of interest. This type of antenna is often called a monopole antenna, and its gain is ground plane dependent. Antenna lengths for the different radio frequencies are provided in Table 8-1. Table 8-1. Antenna lengths for quarter wavelength whip antennas. The part numbers for the connectorized antennas are listed. Name Model MICA2/MICA2DOT MPR400 (916 MHz) MICA2/MICA2DOT MPR410 (433 MHz) MICA2/MICA2DOT MPR420 (315 MHz) MPR2400 (2400 MHz) MICAZ Whip Antenna Length

(inches) 3.2 6.8 9.4 1.2 Crossbow Part No. 8060-0011-01 8060-0011-02 8060-0011-03 8060-0011-04 8.2 Connectors for the MICA2 and MICAz and Whip Antennas The MICA2 and MICAz have an MMCX connector for attaching an external antenna. These mating connectors can be purchased from Digi-Key. There are two manufacturersJohnson Components and Hirose Electric Ltd. The mating connectors come in straight and right angle. They also support two different standard varieties of Coaxial cableRG178 /U and RG 316/U. There are also other vendors who sell MMCX to SMA conversion cables. Table 8-2. Johnson Components MMCX mating connectors*

Coax Digi-Key PN Johnson PN Type J589-ND 135-3402-001 Straight Plug RG178/U 135-3403-001 J590-ND Straight Plug RG316/U 135-3402-101 J593-ND RG178/U Right Angle 135-3403-101 RG316/U Right Angle J594-ND RG 316 DS J595-ND Right Angle 135-3404-101

*These connectors require the following hand crimp and die set (Digi-Key part # / Johnson part #):

a) Hand crimp (J572-ND / 140-0000-952), b) Die (JD604-ND / 140-0000-953). Table 8-3. Hirose MMCX connectors. Type Straight Plug RG178/U H3224-ND Coax Digi-Key PN Hirose PN MMCX-J-178B/U Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 30 MPR/MIB Users Manual Wireless Sensor Networks Right Angle Right Angle RG178/U H3221-ND RG316/U H3222-ND MMCX-LP-178B/U MMCX-LP-316/U Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 31 MPR/MIB Users Manual Wireless Sensor Networks 9 FLASH DATA LOGGER AND SERIAL ID CHIP All Motes feature a 4-Mbit serial flash (Atmel AT45DB041) for storing data, measurements, and other user-defined information. It is connected to one of the USART on the ATMega128L. This chip is supported in TinyOS which uses this chip as micro file system. The serial flash device supports over 100,000 measurement readings. This chip is also used for over-the-air reprogramming services available in TinyOS. Also on the MICA2 is a 64-bit serial ID chip. X NOTE: This device consumes 15 mA of current when writing data. VCC VCC USART1_TXD USART1_TXD USART_CLK USART_CLK FLASH_CS FLASH_CS 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 SI SI SO SO 8 8 USART1_RXD USART1_RXD SCK SCK RST RST CS CS WP WP 5 5 x x Atmega AT45DB041 Atmega AT45DB041 Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 32 MPR/MIB Users Manual Wireless Sensor Networks 10 ATMEGA128 FUSES The ATMega128L processor on the Motes has many programmable fuses to control various parameters. Refer to Atmels technical information for the ATMega128L for a complete discussion of the fuses (http://www.atmel.com/dyn/resources/prod_documents/2467s.pdf). There are two fuses that TinyOS users should be aware of as setting these fuses incorrectly will cause the unit to not operate correctly. Atmega103 compatibility mode fuse 10.1.1 This fuse put the ATMega128 in the ATMega103 compatible mode. This fuse was set for the older generation MICA units. It must be disabled for MICA2 and MICA2DOTs. JTAG fuse 10.1.2 This fuse enables users to use the Atmel JTAG pod for in-circuit code debugging. Units are shipped with JTAG enabled. As discussed in the previous section on battery voltage monitoring, if JTAG is enabled, it will cause inaccurate measurements on ADC channel 7. Using UISP to set fuses 10.1.3 The UISP utility used to download code to the MICAz, MICA2, or MICA2DOT on a programming board can also be used to set and unset fuses of the Atmel ATMega128. Table 10-1. UISP Commands for Setting the ATMega128s Fuses. Action Disable JTAG fuse Enable JTAG fuse Enable native 128 mode uisp -dprog=<programmer> --wr_fuse_e=ff Command uisp -dprog=<programmer> --wr_fuse_h=0xD9 uisp -dprog=<programmer> --wr_fuse_h=0x19

<programmer> is the device you are using to interface to the Mote from a computer. The current options are dapa (for an MIB500), mib510 for a MIB510; and EPRB for a MIB600. Users can also edit the file called profile in the cygwin/etc/ directory and enter an alias. One example is this alias to disable the JTAG fuse:

alias fuse_dis="uisp -dprog=<programmer> --wr_fuse_h=0xD9"

Therefore, when fuse_dis and is entered into a Cygwin command line, the script will be executed. Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 33 MPR/MIB Users Manual Wireless Sensor Networks 11 SENSOR BOARDS & EXPANSION CONNECTORS Crossbow supplies a variety of sensor and data acquisition boards for the Motes. This Chapter describes the connectors and the functions of the pins for the MICAz, MICA2, MICA, and MICA2DOT. Information for customized sensor board design is available on the Crossbow web site. 11.1 Sensor Board Compatibility Table 11-1. Sensor board compatibility. Mote Platform Mote Interface Connector Hardware Compatibility with: Section MICA2 MICAz MICA2DOT Use 51 pin connector Use 51 pin connector Use circular, 19 pin connector MICA2DOT sensor boards MICAz, MICA2 sensor boards MICAz, MICA2 sensor boards 11.2 11.2 11.3 11.2 MICAz and MICA2 Expansion Connector Connection to the MICAz and MICA2 Motes is by a 51-pin connector (see Figure 11-1 below). Figure 11-1. Hirose DF-51P-1V(54)Digi-Key part no. H2175-NDon left is used on the MICAz, MICA2, and MICA Motes boards. The Hirose DF9-51S-1V(54)Digi-Key part no. H2163-NDon right is the corresponding connector used on the MIB Interface Boards and Stargate Gateways. The expansion connector provides a user interface for sensor boards and base stations. The connector includes interfaces for power and ground, power control of peripheral sensors, ADC inputs for reading sensor outputs, UART interfaces, and I2C interface, general-purpose digital IO, and others. Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 34 MPR/MIB Users Manual 11.2.1 MICAz and MICA2 Sensor Interface. Wireless Sensor Networks Table 11-2. MICAz Sensor Interface. Name GND VSNR INT3 INT2 INT1 INT0 CC_CCA LED3 LED2 LED1 RD WR ALE PW7 USART1_CLK USART1 Clock Description Ground Sensor Supply GPIO GPIO GPIO GPIO Radio Signal Green LED Yellow LED Red LED GPIO GPIO GPIO GPIO Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 PROG_MOSI 17 PROG_MISO 18 SPI_CLK 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 USART1_RXD USART1 Receive USART1_TXD USART1 Transmit I2C_CLK I2C_DATA PWM0 PWMIA AC+

AC-

I2C Bus Clock I2C Bus Data GPIO/PWM0 GPIO/PWM1A GPIO/AC+

GPIO/AC-

Serial Program MOSI Serial Program MISO SPI Serial Clock Description Pin Name 27 UART_RXDO UART_0 Receive 28 UART_0 Transmit UART_TXDO 29 PWO GPIO/PWM 30 GPIO/PWM PW1 31 GPIO/PWM PW2 32 GPIO/PWM PW3 33 PW4 GPIO/PWM 34 GPIO/PWM PW5 35 GPIO/PWM PW6 36 ADC CH7, JTAG TDI ADC7 37 ADC CH6, JTAG TDO ADC6 38 ADC5 ADC CH5, JTAG 39 ADC CH4, JTAG ADC4 40 GPIO/ADC CH3 ADC3 41 GPIO/ADC CH2 ADC2 42 GPIO/ADC CH1 ADC1 43 ADC0 GPIO/ADC CH0 44 THERM_PWR Temp Sensor Enable 45 THRU1 46 THRU2 47 THRU3 48 RSTN 49 50 51 Thru Connect 1 Thru Connect 2 Thru Connect 3 Reset (Neg.) GPIO/PWM1B Digital Supply Ground PWM1B VCC GND

(OK to use but has shared functionality. Do not use) Table 11-3. MICA2 Sensor Interface. Name Pin GND 1 VSNR 2 INT3 3 INT2 4 INT1 5 INT0 6 7 BAT_MON 8 LED3 9 LED2 10 LED1 RD 11 WR 12 ALE 13 PW7 14 15 USART_CLK 16 PROG_MOSI 17 PROG_MISO 18 SPI_CLK 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Pin Description Name Description 27 Ground UART_RXDO UART Receive 28 Voltage (battery UART Transmit UART_TXDO 29 GPIO GPIO/PWM PWO 30 GPIO GPIO/PWM PW1 31 GPIO PW2 GPIO/PWM GPIO 32 GPIO/PWM PW3 Battery Voltage Monitor 33 GPIO/PWM PW4 34 Green LED GPIO/PWM PW5 Yellow LED 35 PW6 GPIO/PWM 36 Red LED GPIO/ADC CH7, JTAG ADC7 37 GPIO GPIO/ADC CH6, JTAG ADC6 38 GPIO GPIO/ACD CH5, JTAG ADC5 39 GPIO GPIO/ADC CH4, JTAG ADC4 GPIO 40 ADC3 GPIO/ADC CH3 41 USART Clock GPIO/ADC CH2 ADC2 42 Programmer Pin GPIO/ADC CH1 ADC1 43 Programmer Pin ADC0 GPIO/ADC CH0 44 Radio Clock THERM_PWR GPIO 45 THRU1 46 THRU2 47 THRU3 48 RSTN 49 50 51 Thru User Connect Thru User Connect Thru User Connect Micro Processor Reset GPIO Voltage (battery) Ground PWM1B VCC GND USART1_RXD USART1 Receive USART1_TXD USART1 Transmit I2C_CLK I2C_DATA PWMIO PWMIA AC+

AC-

I2C Bus Clock I2C Bus Data GPIO GPIO GPIO GPIO

(OK to use but has shared functionality. Do not use) Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 35 MPR/MIB Users Manual Wireless Sensor Networks 11.3 MICA2DOT Expansion Connector The interface to the MPR500 is through a series of 19 pins Elpacko spaced around the circumference of the MPR5x0 Mote. (They represent a subset of the pins available on the MPR5x0.) They include a set of power control pins, ADC channels, power, ground, some general purpose digital IO, and the serial programming port. For applications with more digital IO, the ADC pins can be reconfigured as digital input/output but not both. M WARNING: The TP12 (SPI_CK) pin is controlled by the Radio. In the majority of applications it should not be used. It is also used for programming the processor. y Loc. 1 Loc. 2 Loc. 19 x

-0.290

-0.370

-0.420

-0.430

-0.420

-0.335

-0.225

-0.120 0.000 0.120 0.225 0.335 0.420 0.420 0.370 0.290 0.100 0.000

-0.100 Loc. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 x y Description Name Pin 0.315 Ground GND TP1 0.230 ADC Channel 7 ADC7 TP2 0.120 ADC Channel 6 ADC6 TP3 0.000 ADC Channel 5 ADC5 TP4

-0.120 TP5 ADC Channel 4 ADC4

-0.275 TP6 Voltage (battery) VCC

-0.375 TP7 GPIO/PWM PW1

-0.420 TP8 GPIO/PWM PW0

-0.430 TP9 UART Transmit UART_TXD

-0.420 TP10 UART_RXD UART Receive m Processor Reset

-0.375 TP11 RESETN

-0.275 TP12 SPI_CLK Radio Clock

-0.120 TP13 ADC3 ADC Channel 3 0.120 ADC Channel 2 TP14 ADC2 0.230 GPIO TP15 PWM1B 0.315 Ground TP18 GND 0.420 GPIO INT0 TP19 0.430 TP20 GPIO INT1 0.420 TP21 THERM_PWR GPIO Figure 0-1. MICA2DOT pin locations and sensor interface description. The locations of the pins are taken relative to the geometric center of the board. The board has a diameter of 0.988 inches. Note the TP under the Pin column means test point. Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 36 MPR/MIB Users Manual Wireless Sensor Networks 12 MIB300 / MIB500 INTERFACE BOARDS X NOTE: The MIB300 and MIB500 have been discontinued by Crossbow. The MIB500 has been replaced by the MIB510. M WARNING: When programming a MICA2 with the MIB500, turn off the battery switch. For a MICA2DOT, remove the battery before inserting into the MIB500. The MICA2s and MICA2DOTs do not have switching diodes to switch between external and battery power. 12.1 Programming the Mote The MIB300/MIB500 interface boards are multi-purpose interface boards used in conjunction with the MICA Family of products. They supply power to the devices through an external power adapter option, and provide interfaces for an RS232 serial port and reprogramming port (using the parallel printer interface). The MIB300 can only be used with an external 3 VDC supply, or it can take advantage of the battery power supplied from the mote. The MIB500 has an on-board regulator that will accept 5 to 7 VDC, and supplies a regulated 3 VDC to the MICA The MIB500 is delivered with a wall power supply. It also has monitor LEDs that mirror the LEDs on the MICA. There is a built-in low voltage monitor that disables reprogramming if the power supply voltage is dangerously low. When the proper programming voltage existsthe Green LED adjacent the parallel port is litD6. If the voltage goes below 2.95V, the Green LED D6 will turn off, programming is disabled. The MIB500 also has an interface connector for reprogramming the MICA2DOT. Programming the mote is accomplished by connecting the MIB300/MIB500 to the parallel port of the computer, and executing the required programming softwareUISPsupplied with the TinyOS install. X NOTE: There have been numerous reported difficulties with programming motes through the MIB500CA. These include program failure, flash verification errors, and dead Motes. The root cause of these problems is almost always one of two issues: 1) low programming voltage or 2) UISP problems on the Host PC. A detailed application note is posted at http://www.xbow.com under Support. Please review this application note, if you have trouble programming. Programming the Motes improperly or with a bad UISP install can result in permanent damage to the Mote CPU. 12.2 RS-232 Interface The RS-232 interface is a standard single channel bi-directional interface with a DB9 connector to interface to an external computer. It uses transmit and receive lines only. Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 37 MPR/MIB Users Manual Wireless Sensor Networks 13 MIB510 SERIAL INTERFACE BOARDS X NOTE: The MIB510 will only work with ATMega128 processors used on the MICA2 and MICA2DOT. It will work for older Mica units that have the ATMega128 processor but not earlier processors such as the ATMega103. 13.1 Product Summary The MIB510 interface board is a multi-purpose interface board used with the MICAz, MICA2, MICA, and MICA2DOT family of products. The board is supplied with all MOTE-KITs. It supplies power to the devices through an external power adapter option, and provides an interface for a RS-232 Mote serial port and reprogramming port. X NOTE: Enable/Disable Mote TX switch (SW2). This should normally be in the OFF position. ISP LED (red) Power OK LED

(green) Reset Switch (SW1) AC Wall-Power Connector RS-232 Serial Port

(DB9 female) MICAx-series connector MICA2DOT connector on bottom side Mote JTAG connector Fig 6.1 Photo of top view of an MIB510CA. ISP 13.2 The MIB510 has an on-board in-system processor (ISP)an Atmega16L located at U14to program the Motes. Code is downloaded to the ISP through the RS-232 serial port. Next the ISP programs the code into the mote. The ISP and Mote share the same serial port. The ISP runs at a fixed baud rate of 115.2 kbaud. The ISP continually monitors incoming serial packets for a special multi-byte pattern. Once this pattern is detected it disables the Motes serial RX and TX, then takes control of the serial port. M WARNING: Some USB to DB9 serial port adapters cannot run at 115 kbaud. The ISP processor is connected to two LEDs, a green LED labeled SP PWR (at D3) and a red LED labeled ISP (at D5). SP PWR is used to indicate the power state of the MIB510 (see below). If the ISP LED is on, the MIB510 has control of the serial port. It will also blink once when the RESET (SW1) button is pushed and released. 13.3 Mote Programming Using the MIB510 Programming the Motes requires having TinyOS installed in your host PC. Instructions for installing TinyOS can be found in Crossbows Getting Started Guide or on-line at http://www.tinyos.net/download.html. The commands for downloading build (compiled) code Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 38 MPR/MIB Users Manual Wireless Sensor Networks depend on the Mote platform you are programming. Instructions can also be found in the Getting Started Guide. M WARNING: Under Cygwin the ISP may not get control of the serial port if the Mote is continually sending packets over the serial TX line at a high rate. If this happens, the UISP will hang. This can be fixed by:

1. Type Ctrl C in the Cygwin window and try again. 2. Turn SW2 to the ON position. This turns on a circuit to disable the Motes TX line. Be sure to set SW2 to OFF after programming the mote if you are using the Mote as a base station (e.g., a MICAz or MICA2 Mote programmed with Surge_Reliable as node 0 or with TOSBase). Interfaces to MICAz, MICA2, and MICA2DOT 13.4 The MIB510 has connectors for both the MICA2 and MICA2DOT. See the picture below. For the MICA2 there is another connector on the bottom side of the MIB510 for sensor boards. MICA2DOTs with battery connectors can be mounted, also, to the bottom side of the board. Reset 13.4.1 The RST MOTE push button switch resets both the ISP and Mote processors. RST resets the ISP; after the ISP powers-up it resets the Motes processor. JTAG 13.4.2 The MIB510 has a connector, J3 (MOTE JTAG) which connects to an Atmel JTAG pod for in-circuit debugging. This connector will supply power to the JTAG pod; no external power supply is required for the pod. M WARNING: The MIB510 also has JTAG and ISP connectors for the ISP processor. These are for factory use only. Power 13.4.3 The MIB510 has an on-board regulator that will accept 5 to 7 VDC, and supply a regulated 3 VDC to the MICAz, MICA2, and MICA Motes. The MIB510 is delivered with a wall power supply. M WARNING: Applying more than 7 VDC will damage the on-board linear regulator. There is a built-in low voltage monitor that disables reprogramming if the power supply voltage is dangerously low. When the proper programming voltage exists the ISP PWR LED is on. If the voltage goes below 2.9 V, the green ISP PWR LED will blink and disable the Mote from any code downloads. If the voltage is too low to power the ISP then the ISP PWR LED will be off. M WARNING: When programming a MICA2 with the MIB510, turn off the battery switch. For a MICA2DOT, remove the battery before inserting into the MIB510. The MICA2s and MICA2DOTs do not have switching diodes to switch between external and battery power. RS-232 Interface 13.4.4 The RS-232 interface is a standard single channel bi-directional interface with a DB9 connector to interface to an external computer. It uses the transmit and receive lines only. Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 39 MPR/MIB Users Manual 13.4.5 Schematics Wireless Sensor Networks INT[0..3]

BAT_MON LED3 LED2 LED1 RD W R ALE VSNSR INT3 INT2 INT1 INT0 PW7 USART1_CLK PROG_MOSI PROG_MISO SPI_SCK USART1_RXD USART1_TXD I2C_CLK I2C_DATA PWM0 PWM1A AC+

AC-

J2 G U L P E S O R I H 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 PW[0..7]

UART_RXD0 UART_TXD0 ADC[0..7]

THERM_PWR M1 1 1 MTG128 M2 1 1 MTG128 UART_RXD0 UART_TXD0 PW0 PW1 PW2 PW3 PW4 PW5 PW6 ADC7 ADC6 ADC5 ADC4 ADC3 ADC2 ADC1 ADC0 THRU1 THRU2 THRU3 RSTN PWM1B VCC DF9-51P-1V(54) PW[0..7]

VSNSR J1 INT[0..3]

INT3 INT2 INT1 INT0 BAT_MON LED3 LED2 LED1 RD W R ALE PW7 USART1_CLK PROG_MOSI PROG_MISO SPI_SCK USART1_RXD USART1_TXD I2C_CLK I2C_DATA PWM0 PWM1A AC+

AC-

UART_RXD0 UART_TXD0 PW0 PW1 PW2 PW3 PW4 PW5 PW6 ADC7 ADC6 ADC5 ADC4 ADC3 ADC2 ADC1 ADC0 THRU1 THRU2 THRU3 ADC[0..7]

THERM_PWR RSTN PWM1B VCC T E K C O S E S O R I H 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 DF9B-51S-1V Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 40 MPR/MIB Users Manual Wireless Sensor Networks PIN NAME DESCRIPTION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 GND VSNSR INT3 INT2 INT1 INT0 BAT_MON LED3 LED2 LED1 RD WR ALE PW7 USART1_CLK PROG_MOSI PROG_MISO SPI_SCK USART1_RXD USART1_TXD I2C_CLK I2C_DATA PWM0 PWM1A AC+

AC-

GROUND SENSOR SUPPLY GPIO GPIO GPIO GPIO BATTERY VOLTAGE MONITOR ENABLE LED3 LED2 LED1 GPIO GPIO GPIO POWER CONTROL 7 USART1 CLOCK SERIAL PROGRAM MOSI SERIAL PROGRAM MISO SPI SERIAL CLOCK USART1 RX DATA USART1 TX DATA I2C BUS CLOCK I2C BUS DATA GPIO/PWM0 GPIO/PWM1A GPIO/AC+

GPIO/AC-

PIN NAME DESCRIPTION 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 UART_RXD0 UART_TXD0 PW0 PW1 PW2 PW3 PW4 PW5 PW6 ADC7 ADC6 ADC5 ADC4 ADC3 ADC2 ADC1 ADC0 THERM_PWR THRU1 THRU2 THRU3 RSTN PWM1B VCC GND UART_0 RECEIVE UART_0 TRANSMIT POWER CONTROL 0 POWER CONTROL 1 POWER CONTROL 2 POWER CONTROL 3 POWER CONTROL 4 POWER CONTROL 5 POWER CONTROL 6 ADC INPUT 7 - BATTERY MONITOR/JTAG TDI ADC INPUT 6 / JTAG TDO ADC INPUT 5 / JTAG TMS ADC INPUT 4 / JTAG TCK ADC INPUT 3 ADC INPUT 2 ADC INPUT 1 ADC INPUT 0 / RSSI MONITOR TEMP SENSOR ENABLE THRU CONNECT 1 THRU CONNECT 2 THRU CONNECT3 RESET (NEG) GPIO/PWM1B DIGITAL SUPPLY GROUND Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 41 MPR/MIB Users Manual 13.4.6 RS-232, MICA2DOT, and Ext. Power Interface. Wireless Sensor Networks TP6 TP5 J4 RS232_RX RS232_TX J6 5 9 4 8 3 7 2 6 1 DB9 -F-RA 13 25 12 24 11 23 10 22 9 21 8 20 7 19 6 18 5 17 4 16 3 15 2 14 1 DB25-M-RA ADC7 ADC6 ADC5 ADC4 ADC3 ADC2 LPT1_MISO LPT1_RST LPT1_MOSI LPT1_SCK J5 VCC 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 DOT2 ADC[0..7]

UART_RXD0 UART_TXD0 THERM_PWR PWM1B RSTN INT0 INT1 SPI_SCK PW0 PW1 TCK TDO TMS TDI ADC4 ADC6 ADC5 ADC7 J3 HDR2X5 2 4 6 8 10 1 3 5 7 9 VCC RSTN TP7 C1

.1uF 50V 3 1 J7 PIN OUTER PJ-014D 1 3 2 1 M4 MTG128 1 M6 MTG128 1 1 M3 1 MTG128 M5 1 MTG128 1 1 D1 B2100 U1 VOUT VIN LMS8117-3.3 GND ADJ 2 4 TP8 TP9 VCC

C2 10uF 35V CROSSBOW TECHNOLOGY. INC. Title MIB500CA MICA PROG BOARD Size B Date:

Document Number 6310-0304-01 Wednesday, March 26, 2003 Rev A Sheet 2 of 3 Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 42 MPR/MIB Users Manual Wireless Sensor Networks 14 MIB600CA Introduction 14.1 The MIB600CA provides Ethernet (10/100 Base-T) connectivity to MICA2 family Motes for communication and in-system programming. Its two standard configurations are a) an Ethernet Gateway for a Mote network and b) a Mote network programming and out-band diagnostic channel. The MIB600CA device contains, on a 4.5 2.25 platform a q MICA2 mote 54-pin connector (J1), q Mote target JTAG port (J12), q TCP/IP serial server, q In-system programmer compatible with UISP STK500, q On-board power regulation and monitor, and a q Power Over Ethernet (POE) power supply Ext 5V / POE Power Select MIB600 &

Mote Reset J12: Mote JTAG port External 5V DC Power Figure 14-1. Photo of top side of an MIB600CA. 14.1.1 Mote Network Ethernet Gateway A MICAz or MICA2 Mote running TOSBase or GenericBase is permanently installed on the MIB600. This forms a Mote RF to Ethernet bridge. 14.1.2 Mote Network Programming and Out-Band Diagnostic Channel The MICAz and MICA2 Motes connect to the MIB600 for UISP programming from LAN connected host computers. Out band (non-RF) diagnostics can be forwarded from the Mote via its UART port over the LAN to host monitor/control computers. 14.2 Setup / Installation This section describes MIB600 installation and configuration for use in a TinyOS v1.1 environment. Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 43 MPR/MIB Users Manual Wireless Sensor Networks Physical 14.2.1 For other than temporary installations, the MIB600 should be installed in a ground isolated enclosure. 14.2.2 MICA Mote Connection MICAz and MICA2 Motes connect to the MIB600 directly via the standard mote 51-pin HIROSE connector at J1. Two mounting holes are provided for securing the MICA2 Mote when installed at J1. It is recommended that these mounting points be used for longer term installations to ensure a reliable mechanical and electrical connection to the MIB600. Power 14.2.3 Two power supply sources are available with the MIB600 q External 5VDC from AC wall-power adaptor q Power Over Ethernet External 5VDC Power Supply q Connect the external 5VDC power supply to an AC 110-240V power source. q Place the MIB600 SW2 in the POE position q Connect the DC plug to J7 of the MIB600 X NOTE: Turn-on the MIB by placing the SW2 in the 5V position. Turn-off by placing the SW2 in the POE position. Power Over Ethernet / IEEE802.3af (POE). M WARNING! The Mote ground is at POE potential (-48 V). Do not connect MIB600 to facility/building ground when using POE. An IEEE 802.3af compliant power supply is provided for POE equipped facilities. Ethernet appliance power (-48 V) is supplied at pins 4/5 and 7/8 of the 10/100 Base-T RJ45 plug. Refer to Appendix A for Base-T wiring information. The MIB600 POE circuit contains IEEE 802.13f compliant power sequencing and classification circuitry. Reversed and over-voltage protection is provided. X NOTE: The MIB600 only supports POE over the spare wires 4/5 and 7/8. It does not support POE shared on the Base-T signaling lines. q Connect the MIB600 to a POE-equipped LAN port. q Turn-On the MIB600 by placing the MIB600 SW2 in the POE position q Turn-Off by placing SW2 in 5V position (with External 5VDC supply disconnected) 14.2.4 MIB600LAN Connection The MIB600 Serial Server connects directly to a 10 Base-T LAN as any other network device. Straight cables are used to connect to a hub or switch. If your connection is an MIB600 to PC you must use a crossed cable. Refer to Appendix A for LAN wiring information. Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 44 MPR/MIB Users Manual Wireless Sensor Networks Table 14-2. Pin Outs for a LAN Connection Pin No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Strand Color white and orange orange white and green blue White and blue green Brown and white Brown Name TX+

TX-

RX+

0V POE 0V POE RX-

-48V POE

-48V POE UISP 14.3 Host Software 14.3.1 UISP version 20030820tinyos or newer is required. This version is included in the TinyOS 1.1.0 September 2003 release package. Verify your system is using a compatible UISP version by entering uisp -version in a Cygwin window (see the example below in Figure 14-3). Figure 14-3. Screen shot of the output after typing in uisp --version. 14.4 MIB600 Use 14.4.1 Controls and Indicators Power. MIB600 power (and power to attached mote) is controlled by the switch labeled SW2. M WARNING! Always turn-off the MIB600s power before installing/removing a mote. Table 14-5. SW2 Switch Settings. Position Function 5V POE External 5V DC power supply selected Power Over Ethernet supply selected When valid power is detected, the green LED at D5 is ON. LAN Activity Indicators (RJ45). Green indicates a network connection is present. Yellow indicates Active ISP serial port traffic is present. RESET. Pressing the RESET pushbutton (SW1) causes the MIB600 and any installed/attached MOTE to reset. Note the Serial Server is NOT reset. Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 45 MPR/MIB Users Manual Wireless Sensor Networks Serial Server RESET. Pressing the S1 switch on the server sub-module (U15) manually resets the Ethernet serial server. XNOTE The MIB600 and attached Mote are not reset. The serial server can also be reset via Telnet at Port 9999. ISP LED. During in-system programming of a Mote the ISP LED (D3) is ON. Mote LEDs. Three LEDs (red, green, yellow) correspond to the attached Motes indicators. 14.4.2 Mote UART (Serial Port) The Motes serial port can be accessed via Telnet using Port# 10002. Factory default serial rate on the Serial Server is 57.6 kbaud for compatibility with the standard TinyOS v1.1 release of TOSBase & GenericBase. If other baud rates or communication parameters are used in your Mote application, the serial server configuration must be changed. In-System Programming 14.4.3 The MIB600 ISP micro-controller is attached to Port#10002. UISP assumes this port assignment by default. Programming using MIB600 requires assigning an IP address to the device first followed by commands via Cygwin. Instructions can be found in Crossbows Getting Started Guide. 14.5 JTAG JTAG connection to the attached MICAz/MICA2 Mote is via J12. Note PIN1 orientation (square pad) is indicated by the J12 legend. Power for the JTAG pod is provided by the MIB600 at J12 pin 4. Please use the tables in this section as references when using the JTAG connection. Table 14-6 has information about the controls, indicators, and connector summary; Table 14-7 has information on the JT12 Mote JTAG pins. Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 46 MPR/MIB Users Manual Wireless Sensor Networks Table 14-6. Controls, Indicators, and Connector Summary. ID NAME DESCRIPTION CONTROLS RESET SW1 SW2 POWER SELECT 5V POE Serial Server Reset MIB600 Manual RESET pushbutton. Resets MIB600 ISP controller and attached MOTE. Selects External 5VDC power source at J7 Selects Power Over Ethernet provided at RJ45/J10 Reset Serial Server. Located on Server sub module U15 MOTE I/O 51 Standard 51 Position MICAx-series Mote interface CONNECTORS Connects to external 5VDC +/-20% power supply J1 J7 External 5VDC Input JTAG-ISP RJ45 / LAN J9 J10 J11 MOTE Umbilical Umbilical connection to Mote Adapter PCB. Used for connection to MICA2 and JTAG connection to MIB600 ISP Controller. For Factory Test only Ethernet 10Base-T connection (w/ IEEE 802.3af option) J12 JTAG-MOTE COM1 MICA2DOT motes. JTAG connection to attached MICA2/MICA2DOT Mote. Provides JTAG connectivity between external JTAG pod and Mote. Factory use only. Do not use INDICATORS D2 D4 D7 D3 D5 MOTE-YELLOW Corresponds to attached Motes Yellow LED MOTE-RED MOTE-GREEN ISP Active Power OK Corresponds to attached Motes Red LED Corresponds to attached Motes Green LED Indicates MIB600 in PROGRAMMING mode RED Indicated MIB600 input power is OK Table 14-7. J12 Mote JTAG DESCRIPTION TCK/ADC4 MICA2(DOT) JTAG Clock PIN NAME 1 2 GND 3 TDO VCC 4 TMS 5 RSTN 6 7 VCC N/C 8 9 TDI 10 GND Ground MICA2(DOT) JTAG Data Out 3.3V Power MICA2 (DOT) JTAG Sync MICA2 (DOT) Reset 3.3V Power to JTAG Pod Not connected MICA2(DOT) JTAG Data In Ground Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 47 MPR/MIB Users Manual Wireless Sensor Networks 15 APPENDIX A: 10/100 BASE-T CABLING Category 5(e) (UTP) color coding table Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 48 MPR/MIB Users Manual Wireless Sensor Networks 16 WARRANTY AND SUPPORT INFORMATION 16.1 Customer Service As a Crossbow Technology customer you have access to product support services, which include:

q Single-point return service q Web-based support service q Same day troubleshooting assistance q Worldwide Crossbow representation q Onsite and factory training available q Preventative maintenance and repair programs q Installation assistance available 16.2 Contact Directory q United States: Phone:

q q q q Non-U.S.: Refer to website www.xbow.com and/or the FAQ site above. Fax:

Email:

FAQ Site: www.xbow.com > Support>Technical Support (FAQ Site)

+1 408 965 3300 (8 AM to 5 PM PST)

+1 408 324 4840 (24 hours) techsupport@xbow.com 16.3 Return Procedure Return Policy 16.3.1 Customer may return unwanted product within thirty (30) days of Delivery Date. Customer shall pay a twenty percent (20%) restocking charge on any unwanted products returned to Crossbow. No returns will be accepted after the thirty (30) day period has expired. Where special equipment or services are involved, Customer shall be responsible for all related work in progress; however, Crossbow shall take responsible steps to mitigate damages immediately upon receipt of a written cancellation notice from Customer. An RMA number must be obtained from Crossbow for any return of product. Crossbow may terminate any order if any representations made by Customer to Crossbow are false or misleading. Authorization 16.3.2 Before returning any equipment, please contact Crossbow to obtain a Returned Material Authorization number (RMA). Be ready to provide the following information when requesting a RMA:

q Name q Address q Telephone, Fax, Email q Equipment Model Number q Equipment Serial Number q Installation Date q Failure Date q Fault Description Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 49 MPR/MIB Users Manual Wireless Sensor Networks Identification and Protection 16.3.3 If the equipment is to be shipped to Crossbow for service or repair, please attach a tag TO THE EQUIPMENT, as well as the shipping container(s), identifying the owner. Also indicate the service or repair required, the problems encountered, and other information considered valuable to the service facility such as the list of information provided to request the RMA number. Place the equipment in the original shipping container(s), making sure there is adequate packing around all sides of the equipment. If the original shipping containers were discarded, use heavy boxes with adequate padding and protection. Sealing the Container 16.3.4 Seal the shipping container(s) with heavy tape or metal bands strong enough to handle the weight of the equipment and the container. 16.3.5 Marking Please write the words, FRAGILE, DELICATE INSTRUMENT in several places on the outside of the shipping container(s). In all correspondence, please refer to the equipment by the model number, the serial number, and the RMA number. Return Shipping Address 16.3.6 Use the following address for all returned products:

Crossbow Technology, Inc. 41 Daggett Drive San Jose, CA 95134 Attn: RMA Number (XXXXXX) 16.4 Warranty The Crossbow product warranty is one year from date of shipment. Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 50 Crossbow Technology, Inc. 41 Daggett Drive San Jose, CA 95134 Phone: +1 408 965 3300 Fax: +1 408 324 4840 Email: info@xbow.com