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1 | Manual | Users Manual | 2.72 MiB |
Fiber Distributed Antenna System
(Fiber DAS) Operation Manual Copyright 2016 by Bird Technologies, Inc. Instruction Book Part Number 920-Fiber-DAS Rev. P1 Delta Node is a registered trademark of Delta Node Solutions Ltd. and Bird Technologies, Inc. Safety Precautions Thefollowingaregeneralsafetyprecautionsthatarenotnecessarilyrelatedtoanyspecificpartorprocedure,and donotnecessarilyappearelsewhereinthispublication.Theseprecautionsmustbethoroughlyunderstoodand applytoallphasesofoperationandmaintenance. OperatingPersonnelmustatalltimesobservegeneralsafetyprecautions.Donotreplacecomponentsormake adjustmentstotheinsideofthetestequipmentwiththehighvoltagesupplyturnedon.Toavoidcasualties, WARNING KeepAwayFromLiveCircuits alwaysremovepower. DonotattempttoremovetheRFtransmissionlinewhileRFpowerispresent. WARNING ShockHazard Undernocircumstancesshouldanypersonreachintoanenclosureforthepurposeofserviceoradjustmentof equipmentexceptinthepresenceofsomeonewhoiscapableofrenderingaid. WARNING DoNotServiceOrAdjustAlone Anuninterruptibleearthsafetygroundmustbesuppliedfromthemainpowersourcetotestinstruments. Groundingoneconductorofatwoconductorpowercableisnotsufficientprotection.Seriousinjuryordeathcan occurifthisgroundingisnotproperlysupplied. WARNING SafetyEarthGround Personnelworkingwithornearhighvoltagesshouldbefamiliarwithmodernmethodsofresuscitation. WARNING Resuscitation Observegeneralsafetyprecautions.Donotopentheinstrumentwiththepowerapplied. WARNING RemovePower i SafetyPrecautions Safety Symbols Warningnotescallattentiontoaprocedure,whichifnotcorrectlyperformed,couldresultinpersonalinjury. WARNING Cautionnotescallattentiontoaprocedure,whichifnotcorrectlyperformed,couldresultindamagetothe CAUTION instrument. Note:
Callsattentiontosupplementalinformation. ThelaserusedinthissystemisaClass3blaserthatproducesinvisibleinfraredcoherent light.Avoidlookingintoconnectedfibersandreceptacles.Notsafetoviewwithoptical instruments.Alwaysputtheprotectioncapsonunusedfibersandreceptacles. ii FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS) Warning Statements Thefollowingsafetywarningsappearinthetextwherethereisdangertooperatingandmaintenancepersonneland arerepeatedhereforemphasis. WARNING ThisisNOTaconsumerdevice. ItisdesignforinstallationbyFCCLICENSEESandQUALIFIEDINSTALLERS.YouMUSThaveanFCCLICENSEor expressconsentofanFCClicenseetooperatethisdevice.YouMUSTregisterClassBsignalboosters(asdefinedin 47CFR90.219)onlineatwww.fcc.gov/signalboosters/registration.Unauthorizedusemayresultin significantforfeiturepenalties,includingpenaltiesinexcessof$100,000foreachcontinuingviolation. Seepage38 ForCMRS817824MHzApplications:
WARNING ThisisNOTaconsumerdevice. ItisdesignforinstallationbyFCCLICENSEESandQUALIFIEDINSTALLERS.YouMUSThaveanFCCLICENSEor expressconsentofanFCClicenseetooperatethisdevice.Unauthorizedusemayresultinsignificantforfeiture penalties,includingpenaltiesinexcessof$100,000foreachcontinuingviolation. Seepage38 Avoidlookingintoconnectedfibersandreceptacles. WARNING ThelaserusedinthissystemisaClass3blaserthatproducesinvisibleinfraredcoherentlight.Notsafetoview withopticalinstruments.Alwaysputtheprotectioncapsonunusedfibersandreceptacles. Seepage11 Caution Statements Thefollowingequipmentcautionsappearinthetextandarerepeatedhereforemphasis. Donotforgettoturnoffthetesttonewhenyouaredonewithyouruplink.Bettercheckoneextratime.Theywill otherwiseinterferewiththenormaloperationofthesystembycausingnoisetothebasestation. CAUTION TurnOffTestTone Seepage46 iii SafetyPrecautions Safety Statements USAGE ANY USE OF THIS INSTRUMENT IN A MANNER NOT SPECIFIED BY THE MANUFACTURER MAY IMPAIR THE INSTRUMENTS SAFETY PROTECTION. USO EL USO DE ESTE INSTRUMENTO DE MANERA NO ESPECIFICADA POR EL FABRICANTE, PUEDE ANULAR LA PROTECCIN DE SEGURIDAD DEL INSTRUMENTO. BENUTZUNG WIRD DAS GERT AUF ANDERE WEISE VERWENDET ALS VOM HERSTELLER BESCHRIEBEN, KANN DIE GERTESICHERHEIT BEEINTRCHTIGT WERDEN. UTILISATION TOUTE UTILISATION DE CET INSTRUMENT QUI NEST PAS EXPLICITEMENT PRVUE PAR LE FABRICANT PEUT ENDOMMAGER LE DISPOSITIF DE PROTECTION DE LINSTRUMENT. IMPIEGO QUALORA QUESTO STRUMENTO VENISSE UTILIZZATO IN MODO DIVERSO DA COME SPECIFICATO DAL PRODUTTORE LA PROZIONE DI SICUREZZA POTREBBE VENIRNE COMPROMESSA. iv FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS) SERVICE SERVICING INSTRUCTIONS ARE FOR USE BY SERVICE - TRAINED PERSONNEL ONLY. TO AVOID DANGEROUS ELECTRIC SHOCK, DO NOT PERFORM ANY SERVICING UNLESS QUALIFIED TO DO SO. SERVICIO LAS INSTRUCCIONES DE SERVICIO SON PARA USO EXCLUSIVO DEL PERSONAL DE SERVICIO CAPACITADO. PARA EVITAR EL PELIGRO DE DESCARGAS ELCTRICAS, NO REALICE NINGN SERVICIO A MENOS QUE EST CAPACITADO PARA HACERIO. WARTUNG ANWEISUNGEN FR DIE WARTUNG DES GERTES GELTEN NUR FR GESCHULTES FACHPERSONAL. ZUR VERMEIDUNG GEFHRLICHE, ELEKTRISCHE SCHOCKS, SIND WARTUNGSARBEITEN AUSSCHLIELICH VON QUALIFIZIERTEM SERVICEPERSONAL DURCHZUFHREN. ENTRENTIEN LEMPLOI DES INSTRUCTIONS DENTRETIEN DOIT TRE RSERV AU PERSONNEL FORM AUX OPRATIONS DENTRETIEN. POUR PRVENIR UN CHOC LECTRIQUE DANGEREUX, NE PAS EFFECTUER DENTRETIEN SI LON NA PAS T QUALIFI POUR CE FAIRE. ASSISTENZA TECNICA LE ISTRUZIONI RELATIVE ALLASSISTENZA SONO PREVISTE ESCLUSIVAMENTE PER IL PERSONALE OPPORTUNAMENTE ADDESTRATO. PER EVITARE PERICOLOSE SCOSSE ELETTRICHE NON EFFETTUARRE ALCUNA RIPARAZIONE A MENO CHE QUALIFICATI A FARLA. v AboutThisManual About This Manual Thismanualcoverstheoperating&maintenanceinstructionsforthefollowingmodels:
Changes to this Manual DeltaNodeFiberDAS Wehavemadeeveryefforttoensurethismanualisaccurate.Ifyoudiscoveranyerrors,orifyouhavesuggestions forimprovingthismanual,pleasesendyourcommentstoourSolon,Ohiofactory.Thismanualmaybeperiodically updated.Wheninquiringaboutupdatestothismanualrefertothepartnumber:920FiberDAS;andrevision:P1. Chapter Layout Introduction DescribesthefundamentalsoftheDeltaNodeFiberDASandprovidesalistofcommonlyused abbreviationsandacronyms. System Description DescribestheMajorcomponentsthatmakeupaDeltaNodeFiberDASsystem. System Design IntroducesLinkBudgetcalculations,andtheelementsofdesigningaFiberDASsystem. Installation Guidelines ProvidesFCCrequirementsandsafetyconsiderationswheninstallingaDeltaNode FiberDAS. Commissioning Liststhepreparationsandequipmentrequiredtosuccessfullyinstallandcommissionthe DeltaNodeFiberDAS. RF Commissioning Chaptercontainsusefuladviceonhowtodesignawellworkingsystemaswellas examplesforfinetuninglinkabudgetandcontrollingnoiseinaDeltaNodeFiberDAS. Model Identification ProvidesabreakdownoftheDeltaNodepartnumbersfortheFiberDASsystems.Atable ofpartnumbersusedforRemoteUnitsisalsoprovided. vi Table of Contents SafetySymbols................................................................................ ii WarningStatements........................................................................... iii CautionStatements........................................................................... iii SafetyStatements..............................................................................iv ChangestothisManual.........................................................................vi ChapterLayout................................................................................vi Chapter 1 Introduction . 1 RFonfiber .................................................................................... 1 Definitions .................................................................................... 2 Chapter 2 System Description. 4 MasterUnit ................................................................................... 4 MasterFrameUnit(MFU).................................................................... 4 BaseStationInterfaceUnit(BIU)............................................................... 6 PointofInterconnect(POI).................................................................. 10 FiberOpticInterface(FOI)unit............................................................... 11 PSUtherackpowersupply ................................................................. 15 BaseStationMasterunitGateway(BGW)...................................................... 16 RGWthecompactremotegateway.......................................................... 17 RemoteUnit(RU)............................................................................. 18 DDR ..................................................................................... 19 DDS ..................................................................................... 22 DDH..................................................................................... 23 DMURemoteheadend ................................................................... 25 Chapter 3 System design. 27 TheBasics ................................................................................... 27 LinkBudgets ................................................................................. 27 Downlink................................................................................. 28 Uplink.................................................................................... 28 Multiplebands ............................................................................... 33 Multipleoperators............................................................................ 34 Basestationinterface....................................................................... 34 RemoteUnit.............................................................................. 34 FOI...................................................................................... 34 POI...................................................................................... 34 Fullsystemexample ........................................................................... 35 Chapter 4 Installation guidelines . 38 HealthandSafety ............................................................................. 38 InstallingtheMasterUnitandRemotes........................................................... 38 SafetyandCareforfibers ...................................................................... 39 Chapter 5 Commissioning . 40 Preparations................................................................................. 40 Necessarytools............................................................................ 40 Software ................................................................................. 40 Chapter 6 RF Commissioning . 41 Settinguptheuplink .......................................................................... 41 NoiseloadonRadioBaseStation............................................................. 42 Practicalapproach ......................................................................... 44 1 Chapter 7 Model Identification . 47 SystemModelNumbers........................................................................ 47 RemoteEndUnitPartNumbers................................................................. 48 PublicSafetyDDRModuleNumbers .......................................................... 48 CellularDDRModuleNumbers ............................................................... 48 2 Chapter 1 Introduction ThismanualcontainsbothguidelinesonhowtodesignasystemusingtheDeltaNodefiberdistributedantenna system(FiberDAS)conceptandhowtoinstall,commissionandmaintainsuchasystemforthelifespanoftheentire installation.Itwillalsocontainmanybitsofinformationregardinggeneralpracticesintheindustryaswellasother information. Whenothermanufacturershaveconvertedoffairrepeatersintofiberfedrepeaters,DeltaNodehasdevelopedthe conceptfromscratchwithfiberdistributioninmindfromthestart.Thisallowsforextremelygoodradio performanceandweareproudofthebestinclassnoisefigureoflessthan3dBforthewholesystem,remoteunit antennaporttobasestationinterfaceport. TheFiberDASfromDeltaNodeisalsoextremelyflexibleinitssolutionmeaningthatthesystemcanbetailoredfor almostanyneeds.Becauseoftheflexibilitytherearealsomanyparametersthatcanbechangedbytheuser.This manualattemptstoexplainnotonlywhattheydo,butalsohowtosetthemproperly. Fiber-DAS calculator TogetherwiththismanualyoushouldhavetheaidoftheFiberDAScalculator,thisisan Excelspreadsheetwiththefollowingfeaturesgivingameasureonhowwellthesystemwillperform:
SystemNoiseFigurecalculator Intermodulationperformancecalculator Uplink/DownlinkBalance Dynamicheadroom RF on fiber Afiberdistributedantennasystem(FiberDAS)isaveryefficientwayoftransmittingradiosignalsoverlarge distances.Uptoabout25kmoffiberbetweentheheadendandtheremoteunitisallowed,providingthattheradio accesstechnology(RAN)donotsuffertimingissuesandthatthefiberlossiswithinthespecification. Themainprincipleistouseaninfraredlightsourcewhichismodulatedwiththecombinedradiosignalsthatneeds tobepropagated.Thefiberchannelsystemisultrawideband,rangingfrom88MHzupto2600MHzandthus coveringmosttypesofradiocommunicationsystemssuchasFMbroadcast,VHFcommunicationradios,TETRA, GSM,CDMA,WCDMAandotherradioaccesstechnologiesthatareavailable. Thedynamicofthefiberisgoodenoughtotoleratemulticarrier,multibandandmultioperatorsolutionsthisway, butofcoursetheyallsharetheavailabledynamicsandifthereareaverylargenumberofcarriersthefiber attenuationneedstobelookedatofcourse. BecausemostlandmobileradiosystemsandcellularsystemsareusingFrequencyDivisionDuplex(FDD)thismeans thatthereneedstobeeithertwoseparatefibers,onefortheuplink(signalsfromtheterminaltowardsthebase station)andforthedownlink(signalsfromtheradiobasestationtowardstheterminal)ortheymaybemultiplexed onthesamefiberusingdifferentwavelengths. DeltaNodeFiberDASusewavelengthdivisionmultiplexing(WDM)asthenormalconfigurationfeaturingthe following:. Singlemodefiber Angledconnectors Opticalloss<15dB Note: SeparateUL/DLfiberscanbeusedifitisnecessaryordesired. Becausethemodulationisanaloguethesystemrequiresthefiberstobeofsinglemodetype.Allconnectorsusedin DeltaNodeequipmentforFiberDASareofSCAPCtypewitha7angle.Itisveryimportantthatallconnectorsin patchesetceterabetweentheMasterUnit(MU)andtheRemoteUnit(RU)areangled,otherwisereflectionsare causedwhichwillcauseproblemswiththequalityofthesignalsthroughthesystem. 1 Introduction Definitions Thefollowingabbreviations,industrystandardlingoandacronymsareusedinthisdocument. BGW BIU BTS DAS DL Downlink Fiber FiberDAS FOI FOR GSM iDEN LTE MU POI QMA RBS RGW RU SCAPC Singlemode fiber SMA BasestationGateway Basestationinterface.AlsoknownastheDIU.ItistheelectricalinterfacebetweentheMaster Unit(MU)andtheoperatorradiobasestationoranothersourcefortheradiosignals,suchasa offairrepeater. SeeRBS. Adistributedantennasystem.Severalantennasconnectedtogetherinacoaxialnetworksothat severalantennascanbefedasignalfromacentrallocation. SeeDownlink Thesignalsthataretransmittedfromabasestationtowardsaterminal(phone). Inthisdocumentitreferstothetelecommunicationfibersusedtotransmitmodulatedlightas pulsesoranaloguevariationsonaglassfiber.TheDeltaNodeFiberDASsystemshouldusesingle modefiberalways. Ageneralnamefordistributionsystemsusingradiofrequencyonfiber(RFonFiber)technology. DASmeansDistributedAntennaSystemwhichreferstothepracticeofbuildingspreading netswithcoaxialcables,splittersandantennastocoverlargerstructures. Fiberopticinterface.AlsoknownasDOI(DeltaNodeOpticalInterface) Fiberopticremoteinterface,partoftheRemoteUnitconnectingtothefiber. GlobalSystemforMobileCommunications IntegratedDigitalEnhancedNetwork LongTermEvolution MasterUnit.Thisisarackthatcontainsallthemodulesthatbuildsuptotheheadendinthe system.ThisiswheretheradiobasestationsinterfacetotheFiberDASsystem.Thisisalsowhere thedownlinksignalsfromthebasestationsareconvertedintolaserlightandsentoverthefiber opticstotheRemoteUnit(RU)andtheuplinksignalsfromtheRUareconvertedtoradio frequencysignalsandtransmittedtotheradiobasestation(RBS,BTS). Point of Interconnect,RF splitter/combiner unit TypeofRFConnector.QuickdisconnectversionofSMARFConnectors.SeeSMA RadioBaseStation.Theinfrastructureunitnormallyconnectedtotheantennasintheradio accessnetwork(RAN)andsometimescalledjustBaseStationorBaseTransceiverStation(BTS). Remote Gateway Unit RemoteUnit.Thisistheunitclosesttotheantennathatconvertsthedownlinksignalfromthe fibertoradiofrequenciesanddistributesitovertheantennasystem.Inthereverse,theuplink radiofrequenciesareconvertedtomodulatedlaserlightandtransmittedbacktotheMasterUnit
(MU). ThetypeofconnectorusedforallDeltaNodeopticalequipment.Itisrecommendedthatall connectorsbetweentheMUandtheRUareofthistype.SCAPcanalsobeacceptedinpatch panels.AllconnectorsMUSTBEANGLEDtoavoidsignalreflectionsthataredetrimentaltothe signalquality.Fibersneedtobeofsinglemodetype. Afiberwherethelightataspecifiedrangeofwavelengthsonlyhaveasinglepaththrough.Thisis requiredforanaloguemodulatedsystemssuchastheDeltaNodeFiberDASsystem SubminiatureversionA.ATypeofRFConnector. 2 FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS) Switch TETRA UL UMTS Uplink SCPC SCUPC RF WCDMA WCDMA Anetworkswitchisacomputernetworkingdevicethatconnectsdevicestogetheronacomputer network. TerrestrialTrunkedRadio.TETRAusesTimeDivisionMultipleAccess(TDMA)withfouruser channelsononeradiocarrierand25kHzspacingbetweencarriers. SeeUplink UniversalMobileTelecommunicationsSystemisasystemwherebroadbandsignalingand packeteddataareused.Thestandardsarehandledinthe3GPPgroupandthemostcommon typeofmodulationisWCDMA. Thesignalsthataretransmittedfromtheterminal(phone)towardsthebasestation. AtypeoffiberopticconnectorwhichisnotangledandshouldnotbeusedwithDeltaNodeFiber DAS Ultrapolishedfiberopticconnector.NotrecommendedwithDeltaNodeFiberDAS RadioFrequencies,denominatestherangeoftransversalelectromagneticwaveswitha frequencyfrom3kHzto300GHz.Theupperendofthespectrumisoftenreferredtoas microwavefrequencies. WidebandCodeDivisionMultipleAccessisatechnologyemployedbybasestation manufacturerswhomakeUMTSbasestations.Thistechnologyiscommonlyusedin3Gnetworks andthemainmodulationemployedinEurope. 3 Chapter 2 System Description TheFiberDASsystemconsistsoftwomajorparts.ThisistheMasterUnit(MU)andoneormoreRemoteUnits(RU) connectedtotheMasterUnitviaopticalfibers.EachRemoteUnitneedstobeconnectedtoafiber,butuptofour RUscanshareasinglefiberlinkusingopticalsplitters. Master Unit TheMasterUnitconsistsofa19inchrackwithmodulesthatareselecteddependingonthesystemdesign. GenerallyallMasterUnitscontain:
Powersupply
,AtleastoneBaseStationInterfaceUnit(BIU) AtleastoneFiberOpticInterfacecard(FOI) PointofInterconnect(POI) Networkswitchconnectscommunicationspathsbetweenthemodules RemoteGatewayUnit(RGW)ortheBaseStationGatewayUnit(BGW)RGWisasmallercompact embeddedsolutionwhiletheBGWisafullfeaturedLinuxserverthatcanbesetupinmanydifferent ways ThemasterunitwillassignIPaddressestoallthesubunitsintherackandalsofortheRemoteUnitswhentheyare connectedtothesystemviathebuildinDHCPserverpresentintheRGWandBGWmodules.Thisiswillconfigure itselfautomaticallyandcreateaprotectedsubnetforthesystemitselfthatshouldnotbeconnecteddirectlytoa LAN. Forremotesupervisionagateway(RGWorBGW)isinstalled.Thegatewayactsasafirewallandwillmakesurethat theinternaltrafficinthesystemstaysinternalandthatthewebinterfaceformonitoringandsupervisionaswellas SNMPtrapforwardishandledasexpected. Eachofthemoduleswillbedescribedinthefollowingsections. Master Frame Unit (MFU) TheMasterFrameUnit(MFU)housesthePowerSupplies,FOIcardsandBIUs.Figure1showsanMFUequipped with3BIUs,6FOIsandonePowerSupply. Figure 1 Master Frame Unit 4 FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS) Functional description OneMFUsupportsseveralmoduleswhichcanbeplacedanywhereintheframeorasacombinationofseveral differenttypesofunitsinaframe.Thereare16UpositionsintheMFUthatcanbeutilized,eachmoduletypehasa differentwidth(seeeachmodulesspecifications)sothenumberofmodulethatwillfitinanMFUvaries.OneMFU canhouseupto4powersuppliesor8basestationinterfacecardsor16fiberopticinterfacecards.SeeTable1. EachMFUneedsatleastonepowersupply,buttheydonotnecessarilyhavetobeplacedintheMFUthatthey power.QuiteoftenasystemhasmorethanonepowersupplyandtheyareusuallyplacedtogetherinoneMFUfor easyaccess.EachMFUhastwomolexconnectorsthatcanbeconnectedtoapowersupply.Thisallowsforaprimary andaredundantpowersupplytobeconnectedtoittoensureoperationevenifonepowersupplyshouldfail. TheMFUalsocontainsfansusedtoventilatetheunitshousedintheframe.Thesearehighqualityfansthathavea highMTBF. Table 1 MFU Specifications Parameter Value Inputvoltage Powerconnector Ethernetconnector Weight(withoutmodules) Temperaturerange,Operational Width Height Depth Maximumnumberofmodulessupported PSU BIU FOI 28VDC Molex,10Pin RJ45 2.5kg 045C 19Inch 3U 300mm 4 8 16 5 SystemDescription Base Station Interface Unit (BIU) TheBaseStationInterfaceUnit(BIU)istheinterfacebetweentheoperatorsbasestationandtheFiberDASsystem. ThismodulehasseveralRFconnectorsonthefrontpanelanditcontainsduplexfilters(optional)orseparateuplink/
downlinkpathswhichcanbechosendependingontheneedsfortheconnectiontothebasestation.Inmostcases theduplexedversionwithacombinedDL/ULportisused. Figure 2 Base Station Interface Unit (BIU) Functional description TheBIUhasfourSMAports(femaletype)toconnecttheRBS/BTS.IntheduplexedversioncombinedDL/UL connectorsareusedtoconnecttotheRBS,andthereareULtest(TP)connectorspresentthatcanbeusedto monitorthesignaloutfromtheBIU.IntheversionwithoutduplexfiltersthetestconnectorsreplacedbyUL connectorsandthenormallycombinedUL/DLconnectorsarereplacedbyDLonlyconnectors. TheBIUhasfourQMAports(femaletype)thatarenormallyusedtoconnectittoaPOI.Therearetwouplink(input) portsandtwodownlink(output,TX)ports.Thesearetwoseparatepaths,theisolationbetweenDL1andDL2is>
50dBandtheisolationbetweentheUL1andUL2portsisalso>50dB. TherearetwoseparateRFpathsintheBIUandtheBIUisconfiguredatthefactoryforthespecificfrequencybandit willserve.ThetwopathsintheBIUcannothavedifferentfrequencies;aGSM900BIUwillhavetwoGSM900paths andcannotbecombinedwithan1800path.SeparatefrequenciesrequireanadditionalBIUcardtobeinserted. RFpatchcablesareusedtopatchtheDLandULpathstothePOI. ThereisanalarmportontheBIUwhich(futureupgrade)canbeusedtoconnectexternalalarms.ThisisaDB9 femaleconnector. TheBIUistechnologyneutralandthedownlinkpathcontainssettableattenuatorsthatcanbeusedtoadjustthe signalstrengthtoproperlevelsbeforefeedingthemintothePOI.Intheuplinkthereisanamplifierfollowedbya settableattenuatorusedtoadjustthesignalandthenoiselevelintothebasestationuplink. AllRFconnectionsaremadeonthefrontoftheBIU.ThemaximumrecommendedinputpowertotheBIUis30dBm andtherearehighpoweralarmsthatactivateat>30dBmandlowpoweralarmsat<10dBminputpower.Ahigher inputpowerthantherecommendedcancausetheunittofailpermanentlythusneedingreplacement.Itistherefore recommendedthatforhighpowerbasestationanattenuatorisusedtoensurethattheinputpowertotheBIUcan neverexceedspecifications. Thereisa0dBminputversionoftheBIUavailableonrequest. 6 FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS) TheschematicinFigure3showstheblocksintheBIUforoneofthechannelsandhowthesignaldetectorforthe downlinklevelalarmsareconnected. Figure 3 Schematic of One BIU RF path
Table2listsstandardcellularBIUs.Otherconfigurationsareavailableuponrequestaswellasunitswithout internalduplexfiltering. Table 2 Standard variants of the BIU
Part No Configuration DBI303 DBI307 DBI308S DBI308 DBI309 DBI318 DBI319 DBI320 DBI321 2xTETRA390MHz 2x700MHZABCband 2xSMR800 2x850MHz 2x900MHz 2x1800MHz 2x1900MHz 2xUMTS2100MHz 2xAWS2100MHz UL MHz 380385 698716 806825 824849 880915 17101785 18501910 19201980 17101755 DL MHz 390395 728746 851870 869894 925960 18051880 19301990 21102170 21102155 BTS I/F Duplex Duplex Duplex Duplex Duplex Duplex Duplex Duplex Duplex
. Severaloptionsexistsfor5MHzstandardbandsforTETRA 7 SystemDescription Unit dB dB dB dB dBm dBm dBm dB dB W C Value 10303 10to203 10to103
>55
>36 33 10
>20 50
>60
<15 045 Value Table 3 RF and electrical performance of the BIU Settable Settable Settable Parameter Downlinkattenuation UplinkGainformodules<1000MHz UplinkGainformodules>1000MHz IM3performance Maxinputnondestructive Highinputalarmthresholdlevel Lowinputalarmthresholdlevel Inputreturnloss ImpedanceforallRFports Isolationbetweenports Powerconsumption Temperaturerange Table 4 BIU mechanical specifications Parameter BasestationRFports Testportsuplink(ifpresent) InterconnectingRFportstoPOI Alarmconnector Dimensions,RackUnit Width Height SMA,Female SMA,Female QMA,Female DB9,Female 2U 3U BIU Indicator Operation TheBIUhastwoLEDslocatedonthefrontpanel.OneisthepoweronLED(green)andtheotheristhealarmLED
(red).BothLEDsindicateanumberofstatesbydifferentflashingbehaviors. InanerrorstatethewebinterfaceshouldbeusedtochecktheactualconditionoftheBIUbuttheLEDsonthefront cangiveyouaquickindicationonthestateoftheunit.Itisalsousefulforlocatingthephysicalunitifyouhave severalBIUsinstalledinthesamerack. Indicator behavior Table 5 State Booting Bootingstandalonemode BootingreadofMACaddressfailed Starting Operation Operation Operation Operation ON LED 2Hz 2Hz 2Hz 0,1Hz90%
0,5Hz10%
0,5Hz10%
0,5Hz10%
0,5Hz10%
ALARM LED Off 2Hz On 0,1Hz90%
Off 1Hz10%
2Hz25%
On Note Normalboot Notattachedtorack Error Kernelstartup Normaloperation Minoralarmstate Majoralarmstate Criticalalarmstate 8 FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS) Figure 4 BIU Interfaces
Item DL/ULBTS1/2 TPUL1/2 DLOUT1/2 ULIN1/2 EXTERNALALARMS ON/ALMLED Description ThisisRFpathwheretheradiobasestation(RBS)isconnected(SMA)tothe BIU.Donotexceedthepowerratinginthedownlinkfortheport. Thisisatestport(SMA)fortheuplink.ItshowstheuplinksignalintheDL/UL BTSport6dB.ThisportisreplacedbytheULportonanonduplexedversion oftheBIU. Thesearetheoutputports(QMA)forthedownlinksignalsaftertheyhave beentreatedintheBIUwithattenuatorsandfilters. UplinksignalsareconnectedtotheBIUusingtheseports(QMA).TheBIUwill amplifyand/orattenuatethesignalsasappropriate. Usedforexternalalarmmonitoring(futureupgrade). TheLEDsindicatevariousstates,seeTable5. 9 SystemDescription Point of Interconnect (POI) ThePointofInterconnect(POI)contains41:8splittersandsomeattenuators.Thisisacouplingfieldusedtotie togetherthesignalsbetweentheBIUsandtheFOIsinamultiplebandormultipleoperatorsystem. Figure 5 Point of Interconnect (POI)
Eachofthe4fieldshasaCOMMONportandports18.Ifusedasacombinerthenthesignalstocombineare connectedtoports18andthesumofthesignals(minusinsertionloss)isoutputontheCOMMONport. Whenusedasasplitter,thecombinedsignalisinputontheCOMMONportandequalsignalsofthesamestrength
(minusinsertionloss)areoutputonports18. Table 6 POI Specifications Parameter InsertionlossCOMMONtoanyport1:8 IM3performance Returnlossperformance Maximumsignalinputlevel Isolationbetweenportsinsamestrip Isolationbetweenportsindifferentstrips Value 35dB,Nominal
>50dB
>20dB 20dBm
>15dB
>60dB 10 FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS) Fiber Optic Interface (FOI) unit TheFOIconvertstheRFsignalsinthedownlinktofiberopticallaseroutputthatistransmittedonthefibertothe remoteunit.ItalsoreceivesthelaserlighttransmittedbytheRemoteUnitandconvertsitbacktoRFsignalsthatare thenroutedtothePOIandthentotheBIU. Figure 6 Fiber Optic Interface (FOI) Unit TheFOIisavailableineitherasingleheadfiberinterface(withWDM)configurationorwithadualheadfiber interfacewithseparateRXandTXconnectors. EachFOIcanserveupto4RemoteUnitsonasinglefiber.ThedrawbackisthattheRemoteUnitsmusthavedifferent opticalwavelengthsintheuplinktoavoidinterference.Theycanhoweversharethesameopticalwavelengthinthe downlink. Functional description Avoidlookingintoconnectedfibersandreceptacles. WARNING ThelaserusedinthissystemisaClass3blaserthatproducesinvisibleinfraredcoherentlight.Notsafetoview withopticalinstruments.Alwaysputtheprotectioncapsonunusedfibersandreceptacles. TheFOIhasanominalgainof35dBandthelasertransmittershouldseeamaximumcompositeinputpowerofca 0dBm.Thismeansthatfor0dBattenuationintheDLamaximuminputof35dBmcompositepoweris recommended(whenattenuatorsaresetto0dBm).IftheDLattenuatorissettoahighervaluethemaximum recommendedinputisadjustedaccordingly. Theoutputpowerofthelaseriscalibratedto3000W.Thiscanbeusedtocheckthelossoverfiberintheremote becausetheremotereportsthereceivedopticallevels.ThelossmaybedifferentintheULcomparedtotheDL becauseofdifferentwavelengthsonthelaser. TheFOIispoweredfromtheMFUbackplaneandcommunicateswithEthernetwiththeothermodulesintheMaster Unit. TheunitcontainsseveraladjustableattenuatorswhichareusedtocompensateforlossbeforetheFOI(e.g.inthe POI)andforlossonthefiberintheuplink.TherearetwosetsofRFportsontheFOIthatcanbeusedtoconnect signalsfromtwodifferentstripsinthePOI. TheEthernetcommunicationbetweentheMasterUnitandtheRemoteUnittakesplaceontwosubcarriersinthe FOIwheretheEthernetsignalsaresuperimposedontheRFsignals. 11 Figure7isablockdiagramshowingthedownlinkpathintheFOIandhowthetestportisconnected.Asyoucan seetherearetwoattenuatorsthatcanbesetintheDLpath,thisallowsforbalancingtheinputsignalsfromtwo differentsignalsourcessothattheycansharethedynamicsofthelaserproperly. SystemDescription Figure 7 FOI Block Diagram
TheRFdrivelevelsaremeasuredandaccessibleinthewebinterfacesothattheycanbechecked.Inthefuture alarmlevelsmaybeaddedtothesetestpoints. ThisinterfaceisdesignedtoworkwithSCAPCconnectors(7angledphysicalconnector)andsinglemodefibers only.Allconnectorsbetweenthemasterunitandtheremoteunitshouldbeofangledtype,otherwiseproblems withreflectionswillarisewhichmaycausesevereproblemsinthesystem. Singlemodefiber Angledconnectors Opticalloss<15dB 12 FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS) Figure 8 FOI Interfaces
Item OPTOIN/OUT ULOUT1/2 DLIN1/2 TPUL/DL Description Thisisthereceptaclefortheopticalfiber.Theillustrationshowsthe modulewithbuiltinWDM(combinedRX/TX).Theversionwithout WDMhastwoconnectorsoneforTXandoneforRX. ThesearetheRFportsthatnormallyarepatchedtothePOIfor interconnectingandthenontotheBIU. ThesearetheRFconnectorswherethesignalintheDLfromthePOI ispatchedintotheFOIforconversiontolaserlight. Thesearetestportsthatcanbeusedtocheckthesignallevelsor noiseinthesystem. 13 SystemDescription TherearealsotwoLEDsontheunitwhichcanbeusedtocheckthestatusaccordingtothefollowingtable:
Table 7 FOI LED indicators State Booting Bootingstandalonemode BootingreadofMACaddressfailed Starting Operation Operation Operation Operation Table 8 FOI Specifications ON LED 2Hz 2Hz 2Hz 0,1Hz90%
0,5Hz10%
0,5Hz10%
0,5Hz10%
0,5Hz10%
ALARM LED Off 2Hz On 0,1Hz90%
Off 1Hz10%
2Hz25%
On Note Normalboot Notattachedtorack Error Kernelstartup Normaloperation Minoralarmstate Majoralarmstate Criticalalarmstate Parameter MaximumfiberlossfromMUtoRU,Optical, Opticaloutputpower,Calibrated MaximumnumberofRUsupportedonsinglefiber InputRFpowerrecommended,Composite Powerconsumption OperationalTemperaturerange Dimensions Width Height Opticalconnectortype RFconnectortype Value 15dBo 3000W 4 50to35dBm
<15W 0to45C 1U 3U SCAPC QMAFemale
. Dependsonattenuatorsettings.For0dBattenuationcompositelevelshouldbe< 35dBm. Table 9 FOI variants Parameter DOI301 DOI302(WDM) DOI308x Wavelength RxandTxseparate 1310nm 1310nm RxandTxonsamefiber SeparateRxandTxvariouswavelengthsavailable
. The DOI 308 version can be ordered with various wavelengths. The actual wavelengths that are possibleareavailableuponrequesttoinfo@deltanode.com. 14 FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS) PSU the rack power supply Thepowersupplyunitcanhandleuptoonefullshelfofactiveunits,suchasBIUorFOI.Ifyoursystemconsistsof morethanoneshelf,aPSUisaddedforeachshelf. Figure 9 PSU Functional description ThePowerSupplyUnitisnormallydeliveredasa240VACversionforEuropeand115VACversionforUSorother countriesusingthisvoltage.A48VDCtelecomversionisavailable. Allconnectorsareonthefrontsideofthepowersupply.ThepictureshowsthePSUequippedwithEuropeanpower inlet.Outputaretwo10pinMolexconnectorsthatwillbeconnectedtotheshelfthePSUissupplyingpowerto.One connectorshouldalwaysbeconnectedtotheshelfthatthePSUislocatedin(fordrivingthefans). Oneshelfcanhandleupto4powersupplies.EachshelfcanhavetwoPSUsconnectedtoitforredundancy. Table 10 PSU Specifications Parameter Inputpowervoltage,Mains Inputpowerfrequency,Mains Operatingtemperature Powerrating Value 86264VAC 50/60Hz 045C 240W 15 SystemDescription Base Station Master unit Gateway (BGW) BaseStationMasterunitGateway(BGW)isaselfpoweredLinuxbasedserver.ItassignsIPaddressestoallthe modulesinthesystem,includingtheRemoteUnitsaswellastheircomponents.ModulesinaMasterUnitwill inherittheirIPaddressesviaDHCPleasesandbywayofinheringtheMACaddressesfromthebackplanewecan ensurethatanewmoduleinsertedintherackreceivesthesameaddressastheoneitisreplacing,withoutanyneed ofmanualconfiguration. FeaturesoftheBGW:
Webinterfaceconfiguration Automaticdetectionofmodules AutomaticdetectionofRemoteUnits Canhandlelargesystems Functionsforstatistics NorthboundcommunicationtoCGW Includesfirewalltoprotectlocalnet IstheportaltoyourMasterUnit UserprovidedcertificatebasedsecurityviaHTTPS Figure 10 Base station master unit gateway IftheBGWisreplacedtheRemoteUnitsmaynotshowupimmediately.Thisisduetotheleasetimeontheaddress theyhave.Eventuallytheywillrequestanewaddressandwhenthisisdonetheywillshowup. TheBGWistheunitresponsibleforalarmhandlingandremoteforwardofalarmseitherbySMTPmailforwardingor bySNMPtraps.AMIBfileforyourSNMPsystemisavailablefromDeltaNodeuponrequestaswellasdocumentation regardingSNMP. TheBGWcanalsolaunchVPNtunnelstoaremotesupervisioncentercalledtheCentralGateway(CGW).Thismakes itpossibletomanagemultiplesystemsfromasingleplace.TheCGWwillbedescribedlaterinthismanual. TheBGWhastwoEthernetports.OneisconnectedtotheinternalnetworkintheMasterUnittoprovidethelocal networkforallthemodules,theRemoteUnitsandeverythingelse.Italsoprovides,viathebuiltinswitchinthe MasterUnit,awayoflocallyconfiguringthenetwork.Itprovidesthewebinterfaceforallthesettingsofthesystem aswellasmanyotherfunctions.SecondlythereisanorthboundEthernetportthatallowstheBGWtoconnectto theInternet,oraWAN/MANtypeoflargernetwork.Thismeansthatthesystemcanbemonitoredandmanaged remotely. AVirtualPrivateNetwork(VPN)tunnelcanbesetupfromtheBGWtoacentrallocationusingaCGW.TheCGWcan handlealargenumberofsuchtunnels,providingacentralpointforsupervisingalltheinstallationsandcollecting alarmsandstatisticsfromallthesystemsaswellascentralizedalarmmanagement.TheBGWcanactuallysetupa secondtunnel,whichissometimesdonetotheDeltaNodemanagementcenterwherewecanhelpwith managementandsupervision.Thisisaservicethatweprovideifneeded. 16 FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS) Table 11 BGW specifications Parameter Value Inputpowervoltage,Mains Inputpowerfrequency,Mains Operatingtemperature Powerrating,Typical Height Width Depth Weight 100240VAC 50/60Hz 1030C
<100W 1U 19In. 360mm
<5kg ABGWcanalsobesetupinfactoryforaspecialneed,itwillthenbedeliveredtogetherwitharestoreimagethat allowsthecustomertorestoreitquicklyincaseofahardwarefailure. RGW the compact remote gateway TheRGWisasmallunitsimilartotheBGWbutintendedforsmallsystemswherethereisalownumberofremotes orwherethereisnoheadendandthereforetheRGWhasaformfactorthatallowsittobemountedinsidea repeatercasing. Thiscanbeusedtorunupto4RemoteUnitsfromasingleRepeateronasingleFiber.TheRGWhasthecapabilityto connectNorthboundtoaCentralGateway(CGW)justliketheBGWdoesanditcanalsoforwardalarmsthrougha VPNtunneltoaCGW. ThememorycapacityandfeaturesarereducedcomparedtotheBGWbutforasmallsystemwithasinglefiberthis maybeanoptiontouse. TheRGWcanbeequippedwithamodemtoallowaccesstoasysteminaremotelocationwherethereisno Ethernet.Themodemisusuallya3GmodemwhichenablestheRGWtosetupatunneltoaCentralGatewayunit
(CGW)enablingsupervision,monitoringandcontrolofthesystem 17 SystemDescription Remote Unit (RU) Therearemanydifferentkindsofremoteunitswithawiderangeofgainandoutputpowertocatertomany differentneeds.Alowandmediumpowerunitcanhouseupto4differentfrequencybandsinoneunit,thehigh powerversionscanhandleupto2differentbandsinonesingleunit. Chassis types Remoteunits(RUs)areavailableinmainlytwodifferentchassis,asinglecompactchassisfor12bandsandadual chassisforupto4bands(Figure11).Table12showshowtheycanbeconfigured:
Table 12 Chassis types Chassis type Low Medium High Singlechassis Dualchassis 12 34 12 34 1 2 Itisalsopossibletohavecombinationsoftheabove.Forexampleitispossibletobuildadualchassiswith2medium powerbandsand1highpowerbandinthesameremote.Eachsideofadualchassisisvirtuallyidenticaltoasingle chassisremoteunit.Thisensuresunparalleledflexibilitywhenbuildingmultipleoperator/multiplebandsolutions. Adualchassismayhave12opticalremoteunits(FOR).Thiswaytheycanbefedfromdifferentdirectionsfor redundancy. Figure 11 Remote Unit Chassis Types Single Chassis Remote Unit Dual Chassis Remote Unit BecauseofthelargerpoweramplifiersusedforhighpowerRUstheneedformorecoolingandroomallowsonly2 bandsinthesamedoublechassis.RemotescanalsobedaisychainedbywayofRFcables,meaninguptotwo chassiscansharethesamefiberopticalinterfaceprovidingupto8bandsinasinglelocation. Table13containsalistofthemostcommonremoteunitsthatareusedwiththeDeltaNodeFiberDASsystem. Variantsareavailableuponrequest. 18 FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS) CommonforallRemoteUnitsistheirexcellentnoisefigure,contributingtoanoverallnoisefigureforthewhole systemfromremotetoheadendintothebasestationof<3dBfortheRFlink. BothchassiscomplywithIP65protectionforuseinanyenvironment.Thecoatingisadurablecoatingwhichaidsthe convectioncooling.NofansareusedfortheRemoteUnits.Bothchassisareavailablewitheitherwallorpole mountingkits,asrequested. Note: RemoteUnitsarecompletelyassembledatourfactory,nointegrationoftheRemoteUnits componentsisrequired. Remote comparison table Table 13 Product code DDRmediumpower) DDS(Highpowerquadband) DDH(highpower) DDH2(Dualamplifiers) Bands Pout (ETSI) 2630 3041 3243 N/A Pout (FCC) 36 41 43 46 14 14 12 1
. Actualpowerdeterminedbyfrequencybandandspectrumdemands. DDR DeltaNodesDistributedRadioheadisahighperformingwidebandradioheadequippedwithalinearpower amplifiersupportingallmodulations.Thelightweight,convectioncooledIP65chassissecurestheperformancein almostanyenvironment. ETSI standard Table 14 General Specifications NoiseFigure Delayexcludingopticalfiber PowerSupply OperatingTemperature Casing Typical Mains Table 15 Optical Specifications RFFrequencyrange Flatness Opticaloutputpower DFBLaseroutputWavelength Opticalreturnloss Opticalisolator Sidemodesuppressionratio Maximumopticalinputpower Nominal min min nondestructive 3
<0,5 85264 25+55 IP65 882200
+3 3 12701610
<40 30 30 10 dB s VACorVDC MHz dB mW nm dB dB dB mW 19 SystemDescription Table 16 Specifications DDR100 (Single Band) & DDR200 (Dual band) PowerConsumption,max Dimensions Weight DDR100(200) WxDxH 90(180) 300x130x700
<12 W mm Kg Table 17 Specifications DDR300(Triple Band) & DDR400(Quad Band) PowerConsumption,max Dimensions Weight DDR300(400) WxDxH 270(360) 300x220x700
<24 W mm Kg Table 18 Available Products, European Cellular System TETRA,PublicSafety TETRA,Commercial TETRA,Commercial CDMA450 GSMR EGSM900 GSM1800 UMTS ULFrequency MHz DLFrequency MHz 380385 410415 415420 453457,5 876880 880915 17101785 19201980 390395 420425 425430 463467,5 921925 925960 18051880 21102170 Pout(DL) dBm/c, 1Carrier 26 26 26 33 26 26 28 30 Pout(DL) dBm/c, 2Carriers 23 23 23 28 23 23 25 25 Standard ETSI ETSI ETSI FCC ETSI ETSI ETSI 3GPP FCC standard DeltaNode'sDistributedRadioheadisahighperformingwidebandradioheadequippedwithalinearpower amplifiersupportingallmodulations.Thelightweight,convectioncooledIP65chassissecurestheperformancein almostanyenvironment. Table 19 General Specifications NoiseFigure Delayexcludingopticalfiber PowerSupply OperatingTemperature Casing Typical Mains Table 20 Optical Specifications RFFrequencyrange Flatness Opticaloutputpower DFBLaseroutputWavelength Opticalreturnloss Opticalisolator Sidemodesuppressionratio Maximumopticalinputpower Nominal min min nondestructive 3
<0,5 85264 25+55 IP65 882200
+3 3 12701610
<40 30 30 10 dB s VACorVDC MHz dB mW nm dB dB dB mW 20 FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS) Table 21 Specifications DDR100 (Single Band) & DDR200 (Dual band) PowerConsumption,max Dimensions Weight DDR100(200) WxDxH 90(180) 300x130x700
<12 W mm Kg Table 22 Specifications DDR300 (Triple Band) & DDR400 (Quad Band) PowerConsumption,max Dimensions Weight DDR300(400) WxDxH 270(360) 300x220x700
<24 W mm Kg Table 23 Available Products, American Cellular System LTELB LTEUB iDEN Cellular PCS1900 AWS ULFrequencyMHz DLFrequencyMHz 698716 746776*
806824 824849 18501915 17101755 728746 776806 851869 869894 19301995 21102155 Pout,DL, dBm
(Composite) 33 33 33 33 33 33 Standard FCC FCC FCC FCC FCC FCC
. Subbandsavailable Table 24 Available Products, American Public Safety System VHF UHF 700 800 UL Frequency MHz DL Frequency MHz Pout,DL, dBm
(Composite) Nominal Bandwidth MHz 150174 450512 793805 806824 150174 450512 763775 851869 33 33 33 33 24(FCC);36(IC) 62 12 18
. 2MHzwithrequiredexternalduplexers
.3MHztor1.5MHzwithrequiredexternalduplexers Nominal Passband Gain dB 70 70 70 70 Input/Output Impedance Ohms Standard 50 50 50 50 FCC FCC FCC FCC Class B Industrial Booster ThisequipmentisaClassBIndustrialBoosterandisrestrictedtoinstallationas anInbuildingDistributedAntennaSystem(DAS). RF Exposure Theequipmentoperatinginthe800MHzpublicsafetybandandtheUHFpublicsafetyband complieswiththeFCCRFradiationexposurelimitssetforthforanuncontrolledenvironment.Thisequipment shouldbeinstalledandoperatedwithaminimumdistanceof20centimetersbetweentheradiatorandyourbody. Theequipmentoperatinginthe700MHzpublicsafetybandrequireaseparationdistanceofatleast36.2cm.This distancemustbemaintainedbetweentheuserandantennawhentheproductisusedwitha5.5dBiantenna. TheequipmentoperatingintheVHFpublicsafetybandrequireaseparationdistanceofatleast69.1cm.This distancemustbemaintainedbetweentheuserandantennawhentheproductisusedwitha10.5dBiantenna. Ifsystemwilloperateonmultiplebands,theseparationdistancerequiredshallbeequalto,orgreaterthan,the bandwiththelargestseparationdistance. 21 SystemDescription DDS DeltaNode'sDDSseriesdistributedhighpowerradioheadisahighperformingwidebandradioheadequippedwith aPreDistortionpoweramplifierthatsupportsallmodulations.Thelightweight,convectioncooledIP65chassis securestheperformanceinalmostanyenvironment. FCC Standard Table 25 GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS NoiseFigure Delayexcludingopticalfiber InstantaneousBandWidth PowerSupply OperatingTemperature Casing Typical Max Mains Table 26 OPTICAL SPECIFICATIONS RFFrequencyrange Flatness Opticaloutputpower DFBLaseroutputWavelength Opticalreturnloss Opticalisolator Sidemodesuppressionratio Maximumopticalinputpower Nominal min min nondestructive 3
<0,5 15 85264 25+55 IP65 882200
+3 3 12701610
<40 30 30 10 dB s MHz VACorVDC MHz dB mW nm dB dB dB mW Table 27 SPECIFICATIONS DDS100 (Single Band) & DDS200 (Dual band) PowerConsumption,max Dimensions Weight DDS100/200 WxDxH 90(180) 300x130x700
<12 W mm Kg Table 28 SPECIFICATIONS DDS300 (Triple Band) & DDS400(Quad Band) PowerConsumption,max Dimensions Weight DDS300/400 WxDxH 270(360) 300x220x700
<24 W mm Kg Table 29 AVAILABLE PRODUCTS, AMERICAN CELLULAR System LTELB LTEUB iDEN Cellular PCS1900 AWS ULFrequencyMHz DLFrequencyMHz DownlinkPowerRMS Standard 698716 746776 806824 824849 18501915 17101755 728746 776806 851869 869894 19301995 21102155 41 41 41 41 41 41 FCC FCC FCC FCC FCC FCC
. Subbandsavailable 22 FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS) DDH DeltaNode'sDistributedHighpowerradioheadisahighperformingwidebandradioheadequippedwithafeed forwardmulticarrierpoweramplifierthatsupportsallmodulations.Thelightweight,convectioncooledIP65 chassissecurestheperformanceinalmostanyenvironment. ETSI standard Table 30 GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS NoiseFigure Delayexcludingopticalfiber PowerSupply OperatingTemperature Casing Typical Mains Table 31 OPTICAL SPECIFICATIONS RFFrequencyrange Flatness Opticaloutputpower DFBLaseroutputWavelength Opticalreturnloss Opticalisolator Sidemodesuppressionratio Maximumopticalinputpower Nominal min min nondestructive 3
<0,5 85264 25+55 IP65 882700
+3 3 12701610
<40 30 30 10 Table 32 SPECIFICATIONS DDH100(Single Band) PowerConsumption Dimensions Weight Typical WxDxH 210 300x130x700
<14 Table 33 SPECIFICATIONS DDH200(Dual Band) PowerConsumption Dimensions Weight Typical WxDxH 420 300x220x700
<28 Table 34 AVAILABLE PRODUCTS, EUROPEAN CELLULAR dB s VACorVDC MHz dB mW nm dB dB dB mW W mm Kg W mm Kg Numberofcarriers 2 Composite Power 32 40 40 43 43 Powerper carrier 29 34 37 40 40 4 Composite Power 33 40 40 43 43 Powerper carrier 27 34 34 37 37 8 Composite Power 33 40 40 43 Powerper carrier 24 31 31 34 16 Composite Power Powerper carrier 40 40 43 28 28 31 System TETRA EGSM900 GSM1800 UMTS 2600 23 SystemDescription FCC standards Table 35 GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS NoiseFigure Delayexcludingopticalfiber PowerSupply OperatingTemperature Casing Typical Mains Table 36 OPTICAL SPECIFICATIONS RFFrequencyrange Flatness Opticaloutputpower DFBLaseroutputWavelength Opticalreturnloss Opticalisolator Sidemodesuppressionratio Maximumopticalinputpower Nominal Min Min nondestructive 3
<0,5 85264 25+55 IP65 882200
+3 3 12701610
<40 30 30 10 Table 37 SPECIFICATIONS DDH100(Single Band) PowerConsumption Dimensions Weight Typical WxDxH 210 300x130x700
<14 Table 38 SPECIFICATIONS DDH200(Dual Band) PowerConsumption Dimensions Weight Typical WxDxH 420 300x220x700
<28 Table 39 AVAILABLE PRODUCTS, AMERICAN CELLULAR dB s VACorVDC MHz dB mW nm dB dB dB mW W mm Kg W mm Kg System LTELB LTEUB iDEN Cellular PCS1900 AWS ULFrequencyMHz DLFrequencyMHz Pout,DL, dBm(RMS) 43 698716 746776 43 40 806824 43 824849 43 18501915 17101755 43 728746 776806*
851869 869894 19301995 21102155 Standard FCC FCC FCC FCC FCC FCC
. Subbandsavailable Note: Allspecificationssubjecttochangewithoutnotice. 24 FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS) DMU Remote head end DeltaNodeDMU100seriesisapickuprepeaterthatcanprovidethesignalsoverfibertoaMasterUnitordirectlyto upto4RemoteUnits.WhentheDMUisusedtotransmitthesignalstoaMasterUnit,theordinaryBGWisusedto controlthesystem,butincasetheMasterUnitisnotneededanditconnectsdirectlytoupto4RemoteUnitsthe DMUcanbeequippedwiththecompactgateway,RGW,toprovideforthesettingsandalarmhandlingfortheentire system. Figure 12 DMU Remote head end RemotecommunicationcanbedoneeitheroverEthernetifthatexistsinthelocation,ortheunitcanbeequipped withamodemthatallowsittosetupatunneltoaCentralGatewayCGWwhereitcanbecontrolledremotely.The modemisnormallyastandard3Gmodembutotheroptionsmaybepossibleifneeded. ItispossibletobuildtheDMUwithmorethanoneband.However,dependingonthetypesofbandsandthe necessaryduplexersitmayneedtobeverifiedwithDeltaNodethatyourcombinationofbandsarepossibleifthe RGWistobeincluded. ThechassisisthesameasfortheDeltaNodeRemoteUnits(singlechassis)andcanhandleasingleband. 25 SystemDescription IntheexampleinFigure13,theDMUisusedtopickupthesignalataremotelocationandthenitistransmittedon thefibertofourdifferentlocationsthatneedcoverage.TheRUcanbeconnectedtocoaxialspreadingnetworksif needed. Figure 13 DMU Feeding Remote Units
InFigure14,theDMUisfeedingaMasterUnit(BMU)whichinturnfeedstheRemoteUnits(RU).Thisisafarmore flexiblesolutionandshouldbepreferredwhenitispossible. Figure 14 DMU Feeding BMU
TheDMUisusuallynotequippedwithapowerfulPowerAmplifier(PA)intheuplinkbecausetheideaofusingitisto placetherepeaterwherethereisagoodsignal.Thepowerlevelmatchesthatofamobilephone. 26 Chapter 3 System design FiberDASisawayofdistributingradiosignalsfromabasestationtoaremotelylocatedantennawherethecoaxial cablelosseswouldbetoohighoritisimpracticaltoinstallcoaxialcables.FiberDAScanbeusedindoorstocover largebuildingswhereoutsidepenetrationofradiosignalsisnotsufficient,itcanbeusedtocoverstructuressuchas tunnelsforrail,orroads,airports,metrolinesandmanyotherplaces. Thischapterprovidesthebasicsofsystemdesignandavoidingcommonpitfalls.AllfiberDASsharesomecommon propertiesastheyareanextensionofanexistingsignalintoanareawherethereislittleornocoverage. The Basics Thereissomebasicknowledgeyoushouldbefamiliarwithwhendesigningasystem.Inthissectionwewilldiscuss themostimportantelementsofdesigntohelpyoudesignyoursystem. Alinkbudgetisawayofcalculatingtherequiredsignallevelsforthebasestationandthemobilestationand matchingthisagainstyoursystemdesign,thelossesinthecables,theantennafactorsandothersuchparametersgo intoalinkbudget. WhenyouhavedonearoughlinkbudgetyoushouldusetheDAScalculatorandcalculatethesettingsofeachuplink anddownlinkinthesystem. Example:Youhaveasystemwith3remoteunitsandtheyarealldualband850/1900forCDMAandGSM.Your systemhas6uplinksand6downlinkswherethesignalmayproceedfromantennatobasestationorviceversa,in unitonethereisone850RFstripandone1900RFstripformingtwoRFchainswithuplinksanddownlinks. TheDAScalculatormayyieldadifferentnoisefigurefromtheoneyouinitiallyassumedwhenyoudidyourlink budget.Thisisfine,youmayinsertthenewnoisefigureinyourlinkbudgetandobservetheresult. Whenyouhavedoneyourcalculationsyoualreadyknowthesettingsofthesysteminprincipleandyoucannow commissionit.UsingthesettingsfromtheDAScalculatorasabasisyoucanconnecttothesystemandsetitupone unitatatime,moreaboutthatinChapter5"Commissioning"onpage40. Link Budgets Thestartingpointistocreateaviablelinkbudgetforyoursystem.Aslinkbudgetsarecalculateddifferentfor differentsystemsyoumaywanttotakesometimeandstudytypicallinkbudgetcalculationsforthetypeofservices youareusing. Youdonotneedtocreatelinkbudgetsforallofyourremotesandallfrequencybands.Doitfortheworstcaseonly foreachservice,thatshouldbeenough.Thisisthenormalprocedureanditisusuallynotdifficulttofindtheworst casescenario.Lookforthehighestlossbetweenthebasestationandtheantenna,includingthefiberlossbetween MasterUnitandRemoteUnitandanysplitlossaftertheRemoteUnituntilyougettothelastantenna. Ifyouareusingradiatingcables,thencalculatewiththelossoverthemaximumlengthofradiatingcableyouneed tosupportandfindtheRemoteUnitthathasthehighesttotallossfromtheUserEquipment(mobilestation)tothe BaseStationend. 27 Systemdesign Downlink Forthedownlinkyoucanusuallyjustusetheoutputpoweroftheremoteunitandthencalculateyourlinkbudget. Rememberthatifyouhaveseveralcarriers,youneedtocalculateyourlinkbudgetwiththisinaccount.Foreach newcarrieryouadd,thepowerpercarriergoesdownasthepowerontheRemoteUnitisdividedontoallthe
(active)downlinkcarriers. Tocalculatethepercarrieroutputpower,Table40containsalistofmodifiersthatareappliedtotheoutput poweroftheremoteunit. Table 40 Per carrier loss 1 0 2
-3.0 3
-4.8 4
-6.0 5
-7.0 6
-7.8 7
-8.5 8
-9.0 9
-9.5 10
-10.0 Asyoucanseethereisacorrelationthatwheneverthenumberofcarriersdoublethepercarrierpowerislowered withanother3dB.Thustheformulaforanynumberofcarrierswillbe:
PCarrier
PComposite 10 log 10 NCarriers Theoutputpowerforeachtypeofremoteunitandfrequencybandcanbefoundinthedatasheetsin"Remote Unit(RU)"onpage18wheretherelevantparametersforeachremotesystemarediscussed. Remembertousethepercarrierpowerinyourlinkbudgetandnotthecompositebecauseifasyoukeepadding carrierstothesystemthepowerpercarrierwillbelower.Ifyouareplanningonaddingadditionalcarriersinthe futureyoushouldplanyoursystemforthemaximumforeseeablenumberofcarriers. Followingisanexampleofalinkbudget.ThislinkbudgetisalsoincludedintheDASCalculatorpackage.Ifyoudo nothavethispackagecontactDeltaNodeSolutionstoreceiveacopy. Uplink Uplinkcalculationsgenerallyrelyonhavingthenoisefigureathandbeforesothatthedesensitizationofthebase stationcanbecalculated.Howeversincethenoisefigureisdependentonthelinkbudget,weshouldbeableto calculateacrudelinkbudgetatfirst,getourgainstraightandthenwhenwearedoneweshouldbeabletocalculate thepropernoiseloadusingtheDASCalculatorTool(willbehandledinChapter6"RFCommissioning"on page41).Thereforewewillassumeastandardnoisefigurefornow,properlyadjustedtheDeltaNodeFiberDAS solutionhasaNFoflessthan3dBperuplink. AreasonableassumptionfortheNFisaround3dB,ifweshouldgetabetterorworseNFlaterwhentheDAS Calculatorisemployedwewilljustgobackandcorrectthelinkbudgetsforthis. SystemUplinkNetGain ThenetgainisthetotalgainintheuplinkfromtheRemoteUnitporttotheinputportonthebasestation.Thischain lookssomethinglikethis:
Figure 15 Antenna Uplink Net Gain RemoteUnit Fiber FOICard POIunit RU FOI POI BIU BIU BaseStation BTS 50dB 40dB 20dB 35dB 7dB 2dB 80dBm 30dBm 70dBm 50dBm 85dBm 78dBm 80dBm 28 FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS) IntheillustrationinFigure15onpage28thereisaninputsignaltotheremoteof80dBm.Theneachstepofthe chainhasgainorattenuationasshown,thefiberlossisintotal40dB,theFOIissetto20dBgain,thelossthrough thePOIis35dB,theBIUissetto7dBgainandthelossonthejumperbetweentheMasterUnitandtheRadioBase Stationis2dB. ThismeansthatthesignallevelenteredintotheRemoteUnitisseenbythebasestation.Thisisconsideredan optimalpointsettingfortheuplinkwhenitcomestosignallevel.Ifthenetgainintheuplinkispositive,wealsoput noiseontothebasestationandwilldesensitizeitsreceiver.Thismaynotbeaproblem,iftheBaseStationis dedicatedtoonlytheFiberDASsystemthenapositivenetgainisnotaproblembecauseanydesensitizationcaused byincreasedgainiscompensatedbyanequalincreaseintheusefulsignalslevel.ThusmaintainingthesameC/I. HoweveriftheBaseStationisalsocoveringanoutdoorareaorhasotherantennasconnectedtothesamesector thenapositivenetgainwillcauseadesensitizationofthereceiverfortheotherantennaandthisisgenerally speakingabadthing. Thesystemalsohasathermalnoiseloadthatitwillputonthebasestation,justlikeanantenna.Thenoisefigureof thesystemcanbedeterminedbyusingtheFiberDAScalculatorexcelsheet.Thetotalnoiseisalsoanaccumulation ofthenoiseposedbyeachchainandthenetgainofthesystem. Ifwehaveasystemwith4equallysetupchains,andeachchainhasanoiseloadof3dBandthenetgainis0dB thenthenoiseloadonthesystemwillbearound9dB. IfwedecreasethenetgainintheuplinkwecanlowerthisnoiseasthesystemNFcanbeconstruedastheNF+Net gainuplinktimesthenumberofequalchains.Sincethechainsarenotinfactequal,theywillhavedifferentNFand differentgainslightlyitmaybeagoodideatocalculatethetotalnoiseload:
Table 41 Total Noise Load, Unadjusted Chain 1 1 2 3 Gain
-1.2
+2.3
+4.0
-2.8 NF 3.2 2.3 2.8 4.0 Total N. Load Comment 2.0 4.6 6.8 1.2 10.2 This is very high Byloweringthenetgainto5dBonallchainswegetthefollowing:
Table 42 Total Noise Load, Adjusted Chain 1 1 2 3 NF 3.2 2.3 2.8 4.0 Total Gain N. Load Comment
-5
-5
-5
-5
-1.8
-2.7
-2.2
-1 4.1 Similar to a BTS own NF ThisissimilartotheBTSownnoisefigurewhichgenerallyis24dBdependingonthesystem.Thiskindof desensitizationthenbecomesatradeoffbetweencoverageareaintheuplinkandthenoiseloadonthebase station. 29 Addingnoisefromeachparallelchainisthendonethroughtheformula:
Systemdesign NLTotal
10 log 10 Where:
NF1 G1+
10 10 NF2 G2+
10
10 NFn Gn+
10
10
Note:ThisisdifferentfromFriis formulawherethenoisesourcesare cascaded,hereeachnoisecontribution arejustaddedinlinearandthen convertedbacktodecibels. NFisthenoisefigureforeachchain NListhetotalnoiseload Gisthegainofthechainintotal Whenthesensitivityhasbeencalculateditistimetomakeaproperlinkbudgetandfindoutifthesystemwillcover theexpectedareas. Herearesomeexamplesonlinkbudgetcalculationswhereyoucaninsertthenoisefigureofthesystem.These calculationsarealsoincludedontheDAScalculatortoolandlinkbudgetsforothersystemsshouldalsobeincluded. CDMAcanbecalculatedsimilarlytoWCDMAifthegrossdataratesetcarecorrected. 30 FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS) Table 43 Example of GSM link budget Linkbudget GSM with Fiber DAS DOWNLINK OutputpowerDASremoteunit Numberofcarriers Powerpercarrier SplitlossfromRUporttolastantenna Cablelosses DASantennagain EIRP MSNoisefloor MSNF MSC/I MSFadingmargin Penetrationloss AntennagainMS BodylossMS Requiredsignallevel AllowedpathlossfromantennatoMS RadiatingcablecouplinglossC95 Lossper100m Maximumlengthofradiatingcable SpectralnoisefloorofBTS NoisefigureBTS C/IforBTS BTSoriginalnoisefloor BTSoriginalsensitivity Fadingmargin FiberDASthermalnoisefloor NoisefigureDASlink Numberofequallinks Systemnetgain DASNoiseresult NoiseloadonBTSwithDAS DesensitizationonBTS NewBTSSensitivity LossfromBTStoremoteantenna Sensitivityatremoteantenna Fadingmargin Penetrationloss AntennagainMS BodylossMS Requiredsignallevel MSOutputpower AllowedpathlossfromMStoantenna Balancedownlinkuplink RadiatingcablecouplinglossC95 Lossper100m Maximumlengthofradiatingcable 31 30.0 2.0 27.0 6.0 4.0 3.0 20.0 121.0 3.0 12.0 6.0 0.0 1.0 5.0 96.0 116.0 70.0 4.0 1149.5 121.0 3.0 9.0 118.0 109.0 6.0 121.0 3.0 3.0 0.0 118.0 115.0 3.0 106.0 7.0 99.0 6.0 0.0 1.0 5.0 89.0 30.0 119.0 3.0 70.0 4.0 1224.5 dBm pcs dBm dB dB dB dBm dB dB dB dB dB dB dB dBm dB dB dB m UPLINK dBm dB dB dBm dBm dB dBm dB pcs dB dBm dBm dB dBm dB dB db dB dBm dB dB dB dB m Thisgivesthepercarrierpower 10dBforvehiclemovements Usedforinvehicle(10dBforcar) Designtarget Onlywhenusingradiatingcable Onlywhenusingradiatingcable Ifyournoiseloadishighyoushouldlowerthis For900use33dBmfor18/1900bandsuse30 Thisshouldpreferablybe+/5dB Onlywhenusingradiatingcable Onlywhenusingradiatingcable Systemdesign Table 44 Example WCDMA link budget WCDMA LINK BUDGET RECEIVER SENSITIVITY AND NOISE Noisefloor ReceiverNF RXnoisepower Interferencemargin RXinterferencepower Noiseplusinterferencepower Requestedbitrate Grossbitrate Processgain RequiredEb/No Fastfadingmargin Receiversensitivity 108.2 6.0 102.2 3.0 102.2 99.2 64.0 3840.0 17.8 5.0 4.0 107.9 OutputpowerDASremoteunit 30.0 Numberofcarriers Powerpercarrier SplitlossfromRUporttolast antenna Cablelosses DASantennagain EIRP MSAntennagain MSBodyloss MSMinimumlevel Allowedpathloss OutputpowerofMS AntennagainMS BodylossMS EIRPMS Uplinknetgain SensitivityatRUport SplitlossfromantennatoRU Cablelossesfromantennato RU DASantennagain Antennasensitivity Allowedpathlossuplink Balancedownlinkuplink 1.0 30.0 6.0 4.0 3.0 23.0 5.0 3.0 109.9 137.9 21 5.0 3.0 23.0 10 117.9 6.0 4.0 3.0 110.9 133.9 4.0 dBm dB dBm dB dBm dBm kbit kbit dB dB dB dBm DOWNLINK CALCULATION dBm pcs dBm dB dB dB dBm dBm dB UPLINK CALCULATION dBm dB dB dBm dB dBm dB dB dB dBm dB Videocall=64.voice=12.2 Thisgivesthepercarrier power Maximumpower 32 FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS) Multiple bands Theflexibilityofthesystemallowsforupto4bandsinoneremoteforthelowandmediumpowerremoteunits.The highpowerversionallows2bandsinthesamechassis,mainlybecausethepoweramplifiersaremorebulky. Thismeansthatitisveryeasytodeployasystemfordifferentbands.Thefiberlinkisultrawidebandandcanbe usedbetween88MHzupto2700MHzthuscoveringfromtheVHFendofthespectrumuptothelatestLTEbands. EachbandneedstohavetheirseparateBIUintheMasterUnit.Theuplinkanddownlinksignalscanthenbe combinedinthePOIormaybeseparateallthewayintotheFOI.TheFOIhastwoinputsandoutputsandcanthus beconnectedtotwobandsdirectly. Figure 16 Dual Band System Connection Diagram POI 1800MHz BIU 900MHz BIU F O I F O I F O I F O I F O I F O I F O I F O I R U R U R U R U R U R U R U R U Figure16showstwoBIUcardsinterfacingwithtwoRadioBaseStations.Inthiscasetheycouldbea900GSM stationandone1800GSMstationasanexample.Itcouldinfactbeanycombinationofserviceandfrequencyband suchasLTE900orWCDMA850. 33 Systemdesign EachBIUhasacombinedUL/DLporttowardsthebasestationandontheothersidethereareseparateUL/DLports. TheBIUhasanuplinkamplifierandadownlinkattenuatorthatcanbeset.Thesignalsarethenconnectedtothe POIs4couplingfieldstoitscommonports.Thesignalisthensplitonto8portsinthedownlinkandcombinedfrom 8portsintheuplink.FromthePOItherearethenpatchestoeachFOIcardintheframe(8inthisillustrationper uplinkanddownlink)andthe900and1800signalarekeptseparateuntiltheFOI. Itisnotnecessarytokeepthemseparated;theycouldbecombinedforacommonuplinkanddownlink.However, doingsomeansthatyouhavefeweroptionsinadjustingthesignallevelswiththegainblockandattenuators,in eachRFchain. Multiple operators ThesamewayasmultiplebandsandservicescanbeconnectedtotheMasterUnititisalsopossibletoconnect severaloperators.InfactthisisoneofthekeystrengthsofaFiberDASsystembecauseitisaccesstechnology agnostic.Thismeansthatitispossiblewithinthesamebandtomixdifferentaccesstechnologiesifcareistakento avoidproblemswhenmixingGSMandCDMAinthesamesystembecauseoftheveryslowandunsophisticated powerregulationintheGSMuplink. Whendesigningsuchasystem,careshouldbetakentoplacetheantennastoavoidanyusersgettingtoocloseand causingtheRemoteUnittogointolimitmode. Base station interface ItisrecommendedthateachoperatoroperatestheirownBIUbecauseotherwisethesettingsoftheBIUmayaffect morethanonesystemorservice.ThiswaydependingonthesettingsoftheindividualBaseStationtheBIUcanbe adaptedproperlytogetthemostoutofthesystem. Remote Unit Multipleoperatorscanshareoneremoteunit.Doingsomeansthatconsiderationshouldbegiventothenumberof carriersfromeachoperator,sothattheycanfulfilltheirrespectivelinkbudgets.Iftheoperatorshavealarge numberofcarriers,suchasforsomeGSMoperatorswhoeasilyhave6,8even12carriersitwouldbebettertosplit themuponseparateamplifiersintheRemoteUnitorevenseparateunitsaltogether. FOI TheFOIcanbesharedamongtheoperators.Itisrecommendedtoseetothatthedownlinksignallevelsaresimilar sothattheysharetheavailablebandwidthofthelaserproperly.Similarlyintheuplink POI Whencombiningmultipleoperatorsitisoftenusefultocombinealltheoperatorsuplinksandsplitallthe downlinksonaperbandbasis.ThismeansthatifyouhavemorethanoneFOIinthesystemyoushouldlikelyneed touseanotheroneplusahybridcombiner/splitter. Hereisaschematiconhowthiscanbeachieved:
34
FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS) Full system example HereisanexampleofafullsystemshowingtheMasterUnitandthefibersthatgoesofftotheRemoteUnits(not showninthisexample)withmultipleoperatorsandalargenumberoffrequencybands. Figure 17 Full System Connection Diagram
Block1:HerearealltheBaseStationInterfaceUnits(BIU)cardsforallthefrequencybandsandtheoperators.Inthis exampletwooperatorsmayshareoneBIU.Thefirstunit1:1isforFMradiowhichisonlyDownlinkasitisbroadcast. Thesecondunit1:2isforasafetybluelightserviceusingtheTETRAsystemon400MHz.ThentherearetwoBIUs 1:3and1:4forGSM900,similarforGSM1800andforUMTS2100andLTE2600. Block2:ThisisthePointofInterconnect(POI)whereallthesignalsfromtheoperatorsarecombinedonthefour couplingfieldsofthefirstPOI(2:1).TherearetwoULfieldsandtwoDLfields.Thecommonportsarethenfedintoa hybridcombiner(2:3,2:4)andontothesecondPOI(2:2)wherethesignalsaresplituptoconnecttoalltheFiber opticInterfaces. Block3:Thesearethefiberopticinterfaces(FOI)andinthisexampleupto16FOIcardsmaybeconnectedforatotal of16RemoteUnitsifthereareoneRemoteUnitperfiber.ItispossibletouseuptofourRemoteUnitsonasingle fiber. Block46:Thesearesupportingunitssuchaspowersupplies,theBGWwhichisthealarmandcontrolcomputerin thesystemandtheEthernetSwitchthatconnectsthecommunicationbetweenallunitsintheMasterUnitandalso handlesthecommunicationswiththeRemoteUnits. 35 Figure 18 Full System Rack View Systemdesign
36 FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS) TheBlocknumbersandthenumbersinthecirclesrefertothenumbersonthepreviousconnectiondrawing.The firstframe(BLOCK1)holdsalltheBIUinterfaces.Forclaritytheinterconnectingcablesarenotshownhere.The secondshelf(BLOCK2)isthe2POIunitsandthehybridcombiner(2:3and2:4)ishiddeninsidethecabinet. Thethirdframe(BLOCK3)holdstheFOIcards,upto16cardscanbeheldinonesuchframe.ThenthereistheBGW computer(BLOCK4)tyingallthecommunicationtogetherandprovidingthewebinterfaceforsettingupand controllingthesystem.TheBGWalsohasanoptionalnorthboundfirewalledconnectionthatcanbeconnectedto yourownnetworkforremotesupervision,alarmandcontrol.ItcanevenbetunneledovertheInternetproviding thereisaCGWunitwherethetunnelterminates. BeneaththeBGWisaframecontainingaretwoPSUs(BLOCK5).Theycanbeupgradedtofourunitstoprovide redundancyforthisexample,twodifferentPSUscanfeedthesameframe. TheEthernetSwitch(BLOCK6)islocatedatthebottom,thisiswhereyouconnectalaptoptosetupandcommission thesystem. 37 Chapter 4 Installation guidelines WARNING ThisisNOTaconsumerdevice. ItisdesignforinstallationbyFCCLICENSEESandQUALIFIEDINSTALLERS.YouMUSThaveanFCCLICENSEor expressconsentofanFCClicenseetooperatethisdevice.YouMUSTregisterClassBsignalboosters(asdefinedin 47CFR90.219)onlineatwww.fcc.gov/signalboosters/registration.Unauthorizedusemayresultin significantforfeiturepenalties,includingpenaltiesinexcessof$100,000foreachcontinuingviolation. ForCMRS817824MHzApplications:
WARNING ThisisNOTaconsumerdevice. ItisdesignforinstallationbyFCCLICENSEESandQUALIFIEDINSTALLERS.YouMUSThaveanFCCLICENSEor expressconsentofanFCClicenseetooperatethisdevice.Unauthorizedusemayresultinsignificantforfeiture penalties,includingpenaltiesinexcessof$100,000foreachcontinuingviolation. Thisdevicecomplieswithpart15oftheFCCrules.Operationissubjecttothefollowingtwoconditions:(1)This devicemaynotcauseharmfulinterferenceand(2)thisdevicemustacceptanyinterferencereceived,including interferencethatmaycauseundesiredoperation. Health and Safety DeltaNodeDASsystemisanadvancedsystemandshouldbehandledbyskilledstaff.DeltaNodearehappytooffer trainingofinstallationserviceprovidersinthecasethisisnecessary. Readallavailabledocumentationandwarningsbeforehandlingtheequipment.Equipmentfailuresduetoimproper handlingarenormallynotcoveredbytheproductwarranty. Respectallwarningsignsontheequipmentandinthedocumentation.Makesuretoonlyoperatetheequipmenton frequenciesallowedtouse.Donotmodifytheequipment. Avoidlookingintoconnectedfibersandreceptacles. WARNING ThelaserusedinthissystemisaClass3blaserthatproducesinvisibleinfraredcoherentlight.Notsafetoview withopticalinstruments.Alwaysputtheprotectioncapsonunusedfibersandreceptacles. TheequipmentcontainsaClass3BlaserandtheequipmentisClass1.DoneverlookintotheLaserbeamdirectlyor indirectly,itisstronginvisiblelightandmaycauseseriousdamagetohumaneyes. Alwaysuseprotectivecapsonfiberandconnectorendswhenfiberisremovedfromsocket.Alwayscleansocketand connectorafterafiberhasbeenremovedbeforeitisreconnected. Makesuretokeeppasswordsandotheroperationalinformationawayfromunauthorizedpersonnel. Installing the Master Unit and Remotes Allequipmentmustbeproperlygrounded.Thismeansthatthegroundpeginthemainsconnectorforbothhead endgear(MasterUnit)andremotegear(RemoteUnits)mustbeconnectedtoPhase,NeutralandGroundina properwaybeforetheplugisinsertedintheunit. Thechassisoftheremoteandtherackofthemasterunitshouldbegroundedtoapotentialbarorsafetygrounding barwhenoperated.Allelectricalinstallationsshouldbedonebyacertifiedelectricianonly. 38 FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS) Safety and Care for fibers Avoidlookingintoconnectedfibersandreceptacles. WARNING ThelaserusedinthissystemisaClass3blaserthatproducesinvisibleinfraredcoherentlight.Notsafetoview withopticalinstruments.Alwaysputtheprotectioncapsonunusedfibersandreceptacles. Everytimeafiberisdisconnectedandreconnectedcareshouldbetakentoavoidgettingdustontheconnectoror inthereceptacle.Cleanwithadryfibercleaningtoolbeforereconnectingthefiberatalltimes.Asinglespeckof dustcanseverelyimpactthetransmission.Donottouchthefiberendswithyourfingers.Thatwillleavegreaseon theconnectorsandmaycausesevereproblems. 39 Chapter 5 Preparations Commissioning Theminimumofpreparationsnecessaryaretohavethesystemdocumentationwhichshouldincludethefollowing itemsatleast:
Thesystemlayoutandblockschematic AconnectiondiagramfortheheadendMasterUnit Thetypeofconnectorsandtappersusedtointerfacetothebasestationports ThenumberofcarriersforeachoftheBIUthatthebasestationsconnectsvia Maximumoutputpowerforeachservicefromthebasestations Fiberlossesshouldbedocumentedbeforehandsothatyoucancomparewhatthesystemactually measures Sectorizationinformation,whichsectorsshouldgotowhichremotes DAScalculatorsheetsshowingtheexpectedsettingsforeachoftheRFchainsinuplinkanddownlink. InformationaboutEthernetconnectionifthesystemshouldbemonitoredbyremote.Howtoconnectitto theInternetforremoteviewingunlessyouareusingamodem. Necessary tools Thetoolsnecessarytocommissionthesystemincludes:
Onelaptopforchangingthesystemsettings,checkinganyalarmsandstatus.Onlysoftwareneededisa webbrowser.OperatingsystemcanbeWindows,LinuxorMacasyouprefer. Spectrumanalyzertomeasuretheuplink.Thesystemreliesontesttonemeasurementsintheuplinkand thereforeitisimportanttohaveequipmenttomeasurethem SMAtooltobeabletoconnectordisconnectBTScablesfromtheBIU. QMAadaptersoyoucanmeasuresignalsdirectlyontheheadendunitssuchastheFOI,BIU,POIandso on. Software Noparticularsoftwareisnecessaryexceptamoderngraphicalbasedwebbrowser. 40 FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS) Chapter 6 RF Commissioning Inordertomaketheprocessmoreclearforthispartofthemanualwewillconsidersettingupafictitioussystem, butbasedonastandardapproachatdoingFiberDAS.Thesystemthatweareconsideringwillhavetwofrequency bands,letsassumeGSM900MHzandUMTS2100MHz.Theexamplewillhave2sectorswithtworemotesineach sector.Ofcourseyoursystemmaylookdifferent,bemoreorlesscomplexbutinordertomakeitclearhowthe systemissetupthisshouldprovideyouwithastartingpoint. Setting up the uplink SettinguptheuplinkmeanstoadjustthesystemforanoptimalworkingpointfromtheantennaportoftheRemote UnittotheactualinputontheRadioBaseStation.Thiscanbedoneindifferentwaysdependingonhowthesystem isdesigned.Wewillherediscussastandardsetupstartingwithasmallblockschematicshowinghowthesystemis connected. Figure 19 System Interconnect Diagram
Themainparameterthatwewillbediscussingisthenetgainofthesystem.Thismeansthetotalchangeinsignal fromtheRemoteUnitantennaporttothereceiverportonthebasestation.Therearedifferentwaysofsettingthis systemupbutwewilllookata0dBnetgainsystemwhichisagoodstartingpointformostsystems. ThesystemgaincanbecalculatedasthegainintheRemoteUnitLossonfiber+FOIgainPOIloss+BIUgain couplerloss.Basicallythistakesformofalinkbudgetandhereisanexample:
Table 45 Example Link Budget Unit/Component Gain/Loss (dB) Accumulated Gain/Loss (dB) RemoteUnit(RU) FiberOpticCable FOI POI BIU Coupler 40
-10 20
-35 0
-15 40 30 50 15 15 0 BasicallythismeansthatwhateverisinputattheantennawillalsobeseenatthesamelevelfortheRadioBase Stationreceiver.Thisisnotabadstartingpointbutdoesnottakeintoaccountthenoiseloadonthebasestation whichwillincreasesomewhatwiththissetup 41 RFCommissioning Noise load on Radio Base Station Thesystemwillinevitableaddsomenoisetothereceiver.Properlysetupthenoisefigureinasystemlikethiswillbe betterthan3dB.However,ifthegainissetuppoorly(notenoughgainintheremote,toomuchgaininthehead end)itispossibletocreateaverybadnoisefigure.InordertoavoidthistheFiberDASCalculatorshouldbeusedto calculatethenoisefigureofthesystemintheuplink. IfyouhavenotfamiliarizedyourselfwiththeFiberDASCalculatorthenIsuggestyoudosobeforemovingoninthis manual.ThefiguresintheFiberDAScalculatorrelatestothesettingsofallstepsinthechain.Byusingthecalculator youcanfigureoutthepropersettingsonceyouknowthefiberlossbetweentheRemoteUnitandtheMasterUnit. LetusassumeyourhavearrivedataNoiseFigureNFof3dBforthischain.Howeveryoursystemmaycontainmore remotes,perhapsconnectedlikethis:
Figure 20 Multiple RU Connection Diagram
Nowthenoiseloadcanbecalculatedbyaddingthenoisecontributionfromeachstepofthechain.Belowisan exampleofnoisefiguresfromeachoftheremotes:
Table 46 Noise Load Chain RU1 RU2 RU3 RU4 SumofNoiseLoad BaseStation FiberDASNoiseLoad TotalNoiseintoBTS Desensitization NF 2.8 3.2 3.8 2.6 4.0 8.0 9.5
-5.5 Gain 0.0 1.0
-2.0
-1.0 Noise Load 2.8 4.2 1.8 1.6 8.7 ThereisasheetintheFiberDAScalculatorthatletsyouaddyourfiguresandthatwillcalculateitforyou. 42 FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS) Whatweseehereisthatifwesetthesystemupinthisfashionwewilldesensitizethebasestationwithabout5,5 dB.ThiscanbeokayifthebasestationcoverageisonlythroughtheFiberDASsystembutifthebasestationisalso beingusedforoutdoorcoverageitisnotgood.Weneedtochangethenetgaintoreflectthis.Ingeneralweshould loweroursothatwedesensitizetheBTSonlyabout3dB.Thisvalueisagoodcompromiseandsimilartoaddinga secondantennatothesamereceiverport(whichiskindofwhatwearedoingwiththeFiberDAS). Herearethenewvalues:
Table 47 Adjusted Noise Load Chain RU1 RU2 RU3 RU4 SumofNoiseLoad BaseStation FiberDASNoiseLoad TotalNoiseintoBTS Desensitization NF 2.8 3.2 3.8 2.6 4.0 4.1 7.1
-3.1 Gain
-5.5
-5.5
-5.5
-5.5 Noise Load
-2.2
-1.8
-1.2
-2.4 4.1 Asyoucanseeweshouldsetthesystemupwithanetgainofabout5dB.Goingbacktothesettingswehadbefore whichwas:
Table 48 Example Link Budget Unit/Component Gain/Loss (dB) Accumulated Gain/Loss (dB) RemoteUnit(RU) FiberOpticCable FOI POI BIU Coupler 40
-10 20
-35 0
-15 40 30 50 15 15 0 WeonlyneedtochangetheBIUsettingusingtheattenuatorsintheBIUtolowerthegainwith5dB.Thiswill accomplishwhatweneedtodoandtheuplinkshouldthenbecommissioned. 43 RFCommissioning Practical approach Nowthatweknowwhatweshouldhavewecaneasilysetthesystemup.Youneedaspectrumanalyzertodothis anditiseasiesttoconnectitintotheBIUport.Rememberthatwhenyoumeasurehere,thesignalshouldalsogo throughtheBTScouplerbeforeitreachesthebasestationreceiverport.Thereforeyoushouldexpecttoreada valuethatis Yourexpectedgain+thelossinyourcoupler Ifyouwantanetgainof5dBandyouhavea15dBcoupler,youshouldreadanetgainof+10ontheBIUport.This isnowwhatwearegoingtouseinthefollowingexample.
Turn on the RF ConnecttotheBIUandturnontheRF.Settheattenuatorinthemediumrangefortheuplinkthatyouare measuring.Thisallowsyoulatertoadjustitupanddownasnecessarytogetthecorrectgainfortheuplinkchain. Settingthemto10dBisagoodidea.DLsupervisioncanbeleftasisfornowandalsoDLattenuationwhichwewill setuplater. ConnecttotheFOIcardandselectOptoandRFRFConfigandsetitupaccordingtoyourFiberDAScalculator settings.DonotforgettoturnRFon. 44 FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS) Nextstepistoconnecttotheremoteunitandsetitupfortestmeasurementintheuplink. InthisscreenyoushouldalsoturnRFon,setthegaintoabout35dBasastartingpointandthenturnontheuplink testtone.Notethefrequencyofthetesttone,thisisthefrequencyyoushouldbemeasuringonyourspectrum analyzer. 45 Turnonthespectrumanalyzer,makesureitisconnectedtotherightportontherightBIUandthenfindthe frequency.Areasonablespanis1MHzandthereceiverbandwidthcanbesetto30kHzorsimilar.Usethemarkerto measurethepeakofthesignal.Thengotothenextscreenontheremoteunit,theRFStatusscreen. RFCommissioning WhatwearelookingforhereistheTesttoneLevel.Notethisdownaswell,nexttothefrequencyofthetesttone younotedearlier. Donotforgettoturnoffthetesttonewhenyouaredonewithyouruplink.Bettercheckoneextratime.Theywill otherwiseinterferewiththenormaloperationofthesystembycausingnoisetothebasestation. CAUTION TurnOffTestTone Thencheckyourspectrumanalyzer.Assumingyourtesttonelevelis62,6dBmasinthisexampleyourspectrum analyzermayshow58,2dBm.CalculatingthenetgainbetweentheRUandtheBIUwillthenyield58,262,5=4,3 dB.SubtractthecouplerbetweentheBIUandtheradiobasestationwhichinthisexamplewas15dBandweget 19,3dBasournetgain. Wewanted10dBsowehave9,3dBtoolowgain.Weshouldthenincreasethegainandthebestplacetodothis wouldbeintheremoteunitbysettingthegainat35+9,3=44,3whichwewillroundto44dB. Thatuplinkisnowfinishedandwewillrepeatthesettingsforallofouruplink,oneatatime. 46 Chapter 7 System Model Numbers Model Identification
Examples:
DDR4-GC0-PA1-AD 4band,33dBmpoweroutputperband,Fullband700combinedwithCell850non duplexed,PCScombinedwithAWSduplexed,ACpowered,7/16DIN,1310nmuplink DDR4-GC0-PA1-AD-B12-C34-WUBCS 4band,33dBmpoweroutputperband,Fullband700combined withCell850nonduplexed,PCScombinedwithAWSduplexed,ACpowered,7/16DIN,Bands1and2(700and850) 1290nmuplink,Bands2and3(PCS&AWS)1310nmuplink,CWDM,fibersplit(3dB)fordaisychainedremotes 47 ModelIdentification Remote End Unit Part Numbers Note: Theremoteendunitsarecompletelyintegratedatthefactory,thereisnofieldassemblyother thanmountingandcableconnection.Modulesshouldnotbealteredoncedeployed. Public Safety DDR Module Numbers Part Number Frequency Band IC Certification Number MODDDRV MODDDRU MODDDRQ MODDDRF MODDDRS VHF136174MHz UHF450470MHz TBand470512MHz 700MhzPS 800MHzPS 110141ADDR1V 110141ADDR1U 110141ADDR1Q 110141ADDR1F 110141ADDR1S Cellular DDR Module Numbers Part Number Frequency Band IC Certification Number MODDDRG MODDDRC MODDDRP MODDDRA MODDDRE 700cellfullband 850cellband 1900PCS 2100AWS 2600 110141ADDR700FB 110141ADDR850 110141ADDR1900 110141ADDR2100 110141ADDR2600 48 FiberDistributedAntennaSystem(FiberDAS) 49
frequency | equipment class | purpose | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2016-12-14 | 746 ~ 757 | B2I - Part 20 Industrial Booster (CMRS) | Original Equipment |
app s | Applicant Information | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Effective |
2016-12-14
|
||||
1 | Applicant's complete, legal business name |
Deltanode Solutions AB
|
||||
1 | FCC Registration Number (FRN) |
0017536640
|
||||
1 | Physical Address |
Hammarby Fabriksvag 61
|
||||
1 |
Stockholm, N/A SE-120 30
|
|||||
1 |
Sweden
|
|||||
app s | TCB Information | |||||
1 | TCB Application Email Address |
a******@compliancetesting.com
|
||||
1 | TCB Scope |
B1: Commercial mobile radio services equipment in the following 47 CFR Parts 20, 22 (cellular), 24,25 (below 3 GHz) & 27
|
||||
app s | FCC ID | |||||
1 | Grantee Code |
V5F
|
||||
1 | Equipment Product Code |
DDR003
|
||||
app s | Person at the applicant's address to receive grant or for contact | |||||
1 | Name |
D******** K********
|
||||
1 | Title |
Senior Systems Engineer
|
||||
1 | Telephone Number |
+4670********
|
||||
1 | Fax Number |
+4684********
|
||||
1 |
d******@deltanode.com
|
|||||
app s | Technical Contact | |||||
n/a | ||||||
app s | Non Technical Contact | |||||
n/a | ||||||
app s | Confidentiality (long or short term) | |||||
1 | Does this application include a request for confidentiality for any portion(s) of the data contained in this application pursuant to 47 CFR § 0.459 of the Commission Rules?: | Yes | ||||
1 | Long-Term Confidentiality Does this application include a request for confidentiality for any portion(s) of the data contained in this application pursuant to 47 CFR § 0.459 of the Commission Rules?: | No | ||||
if no date is supplied, the release date will be set to 45 calendar days past the date of grant. | ||||||
app s | Cognitive Radio & Software Defined Radio, Class, etc | |||||
1 | Is this application for software defined/cognitive radio authorization? | No | ||||
1 | Equipment Class | B2I - Part 20 Industrial Booster (CMRS) | ||||
1 | Description of product as it is marketed: (NOTE: This text will appear below the equipment class on the grant) | 700MHz Full Band Cellular Remote (33dBm) | ||||
1 | Related OET KnowledgeDataBase Inquiry: Is there a KDB inquiry associated with this application? | No | ||||
1 | Modular Equipment Type | Does not apply | ||||
1 | Purpose / Application is for | Original Equipment | ||||
1 | Composite Equipment: Is the equipment in this application a composite device subject to an additional equipment authorization? | No | ||||
1 | Related Equipment: Is the equipment in this application part of a system that operates with, or is marketed with, another device that requires an equipment authorization? | No | ||||
1 | Grant Comments | Power output listed is conducted. The antenna(s) used for this transmitting device must be professionally installed to provide a separation distance of at least 36 cm from all persons. Installers and end-users must be provided with antenna installation instructions and transmitting device operating conditions for satisfying RF exposure compliance. | ||||
1 | Is there an equipment authorization waiver associated with this application? | No | ||||
1 | If there is an equipment authorization waiver associated with this application, has the associated waiver been approved and all information uploaded? | No | ||||
app s | Test Firm Name and Contact Information | |||||
1 | Firm Name |
Compliance Testing, LLC
|
||||
1 | Name |
M****** S****
|
||||
1 | Telephone Number |
480-9********
|
||||
1 | Fax Number |
480 9********
|
||||
1 |
m******@compliancetesting.com
|
|||||
Equipment Specifications | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Line | Rule Parts | Grant Notes | Lower Frequency | Upper Frequency | Power Output | Tolerance | Emission Designator | Microprocessor Number | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1 | 1 | 27 | 728 | 746 | 2.24 | Amp | F9W | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1 | 2 | 27 | 728 | 746 | 2.24 | Amp | G7D | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1 | 3 | 27 | 728 | 746 | 2.24 | Amp | G7W | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1 | 4 | 27 | 728 | 746 | 2.24 | Amp | GXW | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1 | 5 | 27 | 746 | 757 | 2.06 | Amp | F9W | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1 | 6 | 27 | 746 | 757 | 2.06 | Amp | G7D | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1 | 7 | 27 | 746 | 757 | 2.06 | Amp | G7W | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1 | 8 | 27 | 746 | 757 | 2.06 | Amp | GXW |
some individual PII (Personally Identifiable Information) available on the public forms may be redacted, original source may include additional details
This product uses the FCC Data API but is not endorsed or certified by the FCC