Preinstallation 3 3 This chapter gives checklists and guidelines for preinstallation of Fiberless System hardware. Note When updating or building facilities to accommodate Ensemble equipment, observe all building codes and regulations. Chapter Topics Ancillary Equipment 3-10 Antenna Screening 3-5 Antenna Separation for Asynchronous Transmission 3-6 Antenna Separation for Synchronous Transmission 3-6 Installation Requirements 3-3 Installation Tips 3-4 Licenses and Permits 3-2 Location Guidelines 3-2 Multiple Antenna Configuration 3-6 ODU Guidelines 3-4 Power Requirements 3-3 Roof Penetration 3-5 Site Preparation 3-2 Ensemble Communications Inc. 3-2 Operators Guide to the Fiberless System Site Preparation Site preparation time varies, depending on the particular site. For example, installation in a new location may require building modifications, while an existing building would not. Licenses and Permits Verify all licensing and permit issues. Such issues may include:
Import/export licenses for the site country
Radio licenses, both station license and frequency license Other permits may also be required, depending on location. Some typical examples include:
Landlord approval of plans for the pending construction
Construction permits
Electrical permits
Zoning or use permits for the proposed facility and examina-
tion of possible impact on neighboring areas Note When placing antennas near airports, it may be necessary to obtain authorization from the appropriate aviation authorities. Location Guidelines
Verify that the selected locations are accessible to installers and equipment.
Verify that all utilities and services, including AC power, are available.
Verify that lightning protection and grounding systems are available and comply with local building codes.
If prime AC power needs to be installed, use a licensed electri-
cal contractor. Verify all components are installed in accordance with local electrical codes. Ensemble Communications Inc. Installation Requirements Power Requirements Preinstallation 3-3 Size and access The base station chassis mounts in a standard 19-inch (48-cm) rack or cabinet and requires 10 rack units (RUs) of space (17.5 inches (44 cm)), 24 inches (60 cm) deep. Allow adequate clearance around the base station to permit access for installation of cards, assemblies, and modules. Verify there is sufficient room to route and attach cables to the rear of the unit. The unit requires clearance of at least 30 inches (76 cm) in the front and 24 inches (60 cm) in the rear. Floor loading A fully equipped base station cabinet with a -48 VDC power system and batteries can weigh up to 800 pounds (360 kg). Verify the cabinet and power plant do not exceed the floor loading limits. Temperature allowances Verify the indoor location meets the following temperature allowances, including ventilation enough to dissipate heat loads of up to 1750 watts per fully equipped base station chassis:
Storage Operation Recommended
-40 to 60 C (-40 to 140 F) 0 to 50 C (32 to 122 F) 10 to 30 C (50 to 86 F) The base station requires a -48 VDC power source, which can be supplied by either a -48 VDC power distribution system or a local
-48 VDC power supply. The local power source should be capable of supplying a minimum of 50 amps. For redundancy, each base station chassis requires two power bus connections (A and B). These connections are on the backside of the chassis in the Power Distribution Frame (PDF). Note The 50 amp power supply requirement is based on the power required for a single chassis, fully populated, in an ATM configuration. Ensemble Communications Inc. 3-4 Operators Guide to the Fiberless System Installation Tips Installers are responsible for determining the proper attachment method. The following are suggestions regarding cabinet and rack installations. WARNING Do not place any equipment in the cabinet or rack without first securing it to the floor.
For concrete floors, use threaded rods with washers and nuts or the proper length and diameter machine bolts with concrete insert anchors.
Move the cabinet or rack into position and mark the attach-
ment location in each corner on the floor. Move the cabinet or rack out of the way, then drill the appropriate size hole in the floor for the anchor being used.
Install four anchors into the floor following manufacturer instructions.
Vacuum the floor to remove all dust and debris.
Move the cabinet or rack back into place and secure the four corners.
Verify that the mounting mast was installed according to con-
struction drawings and local construction codes and practices. Mounting masts are typically a section of 2-inch (5 cm) to 4-inch (10 cm) pipe.
Verify cable route from the base station or CPE to the ODU. It can be no longer than 1,000 feet (300 meters). This may be a duct or conduit. If required, install a dedicated conduit between the ODU and base station location. A 1-inch (2.5 cm) to 2-inch (5 cm) conduit is recommended, depending on the number of ODU cables being installed.
Install a ground plate and lightning suppressor at the building entry point and at the ODU.
Prepare all mounting hardware for the base station.
Verify the power system and wiring for the base station, including the cabling, grounds, circuit breakers, and fuses. ODU Guidelines Ensemble Communications Inc. Preinstallation 3-5
For safety and performance, mount ODUs at least seven feet
(2.1 meters) above the roof so people are able to walk on the roof without interfering with the antennas beam. Clearance should also be adequate enough to permit the following activi-
ties:
Antenna unit installation and maintenance
Antenna alignment
Window washing
HVAC maintenance
Maintenance of other antennas Some building owners or local regulations require that antennas be hidden from view. In such cases, consider the attenuation characteristics of the material being used to hide the antennas when calculating paths. Consider factors such as the angle of incidence between the antenna and the screening material as well as the antennas polarization. If installation of antenna unit cables or antenna unit mountings requires penetrating a roof, engage only contractors familiar with accepted practices for ensuring weather-tight seals to make the penetrations. This issue is of particular concern when installing on buildings with a continuous roofing membrane. Antenna Screening Roof Penetration Ensemble Communications Inc. 3-6 Operators Guide to the Fiberless System Multiple Antenna Configuration In multiple antenna configurations, each sector must be separated by a prescribed space to prevent interference from adjacent sectors. The size of this space depends primarily on the amount of interference a sectors receiver can tolerate and whether the sectors are operating synchronously or nonsynchronously. For configurations using synchronous transmission (that is, each sector associated with a base station transmits at the same time and receives at the same time), multiple sectors must be separated by at least 0.5 meters (1.65 feet) vertically and horizontally (see Figure 3-1 and Figure 3-2). For configurations using asynchronous transmission (that is, some sectors may be transmitting simultaneously while others are receiving), multiple sectors must be attenuated so the receivers SNR does not fall below the minimum level required to demodulate the signal. Based on the horizontal antenna patterns for the Andrew BCA Mark II antenna, Table 3-1 provides minimal horizontal spacing to isolate sectors that are separated by one, two, three, and four channels from each other. For distances within the near field range, the antennas act as radiating point sources Table 3-1: Minimum Horizontal Spacing for Nonsynchonous Sectors Antenna Beam Width in Degrees Angular Separation in Degrees N+1 Spacing
(Meters/
Feet) N+2 Spacing
(Meters/
Feet) N+3 Spacing
(Meters/
Feet) N+4 Spacing
(Meters/
Feet) 45 45 45 45 60 60 60 60 60 90 90 90 90 0 45 90 180 0 60 90 120 180 0 45 60 90 20.33 20.33 20.33 20.33 20.33 20.33 20.33 20.33 20.33 79.80 20.33 20.33 20.33 3.57 3.57 3.57 3.57 3.57 3.57 3.57 3.57 3.57 3.57 3.57 3.57 3.57 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 Antenna Separation for Synchronous Transmission Antenna Separation for Asynchronous Transmission Ensemble Communications Inc. Preinstallation 3-7 Table 3-1: Minimum Horizontal Spacing for Nonsynchonous Sectors Antenna Beam Width in Degrees Angular Separation in Degrees N+1 Spacing
(Meters/
Feet) N+2 Spacing
(Meters/
Feet) N+3 Spacing
(Meters/
Feet) N+4 Spacing
(Meters/
Feet) 90 180 20.33 3.57 0.36 0.36 Figure 3-1, Figure 3-2, and Figure 3-3 show recommended spatial separation for various multiple-antenna mounting scenarios. Assumptions:
Gain at +/-90 vertical is 10 dBi Perfect vertical alignment Skirt from Interferer limited to 94 dBm beneath threshold of 93 dBm for QAM64. For synchronous transmission, D=0.5 m (1.65 ft) D Min. 0.5 Meters Figure 3-1. Two Antennas with a Single Mounting Pole Ensemble Communications Inc. 3-8 Operators Guide to the Fiberless System Channel N D Channel N+2 Assumptions:
Antennas pointed in parallel Minimum of two channels separation Spacing dependent on modulation rate and antenna beam width See Table 3-1 for horizontal separations for nonsynchronous transmission. Separation for synchronous transmission is 0.5 m (1.65 ft). Figure 3-2. Proper Mounting of Two Antennas on Separate Poles Assumptions Antennas separated by angle D Spatial separation D Minimal angle and separation dependent on modulation rate and antenna beamwidth See Table 3-1 for horizontal separations for nonsynchronous transmissions. D Channel N+2 Channel N Figure 3-3. Minimum Angle Separation Use Table 3-2 and the following figures to calculate roof-mount requirements to clear the first Fresnel zone for nearby obstructions. Table 3-2: Minimum Roof Clearance Frequency D1 (meters) Minimum R (cm) 24 24 24 41 1 10 100 1
~0 1.12 3.53
~0 Ensemble Communications Inc. Preinstallation 3-9 Table 3-2: Minimum Roof Clearance Frequency D1 (meters) Minimum R (cm) 41 41 10 100 0.85 2.70 D1 ODU R Parapet Building Roof or Support Surface Figure 3-4. Roof-mount Clearance Requirements Ensemble Communications Inc. 3-10 Operators Guide to the Fiberless System Ancillary Equipment Note Although Ensemble recommends manufacturers, the Fiberless System supports most standard-manufactured ancillary equipment. Table 3-3: Ancillary Equipment Requirements Equipment Recommendation or Requirement Manufacturer and Part Number Required ODU cables Standard cable RG-6 Part No. Belden 9248 Plenum Cable RG-6 Not suitable for outside use Part No. Belden 82248 Required ODU connectors TNC crimp connector for Belden 9248 cable Trompeter Electronics Part No. UPL 240-020 TNC crimp connector for Belden 82248 cable Trompeter Electronics Part No. 105-1457-10 Connector crimp tools TNC crimp tool TNC crimp tool die 8 point center pin tool Trompeter Electronics Part No. CT4L Trompeter Electronics Part No. CD3-3 Trompeter Electronics Part No. 010-0055 Lightning suppressors Suppressor Kit Outdoor Unit PolyPhaser Part No. 097-0619T-B.3 Base station power supply 48 VDC 50 Amps
(depending on configuration) CPE power 120 VAC Suppressor Indoor Unit PolyPhaser Part No. 097-0619T-B.4 Mounting Plate (12 indoor units) PolyPhaser Part No. 100-0501S-A Telephony-type modular power systems Power Conversion Products Twin-pack Plus series Protection: small UPS
(Uninterruptible Power System) APC Racks 19-inch or 23-inch. Any manufacturer Base station routers DS-3 ATM interface and fast Ethernet card Cisco 7200 series CPE routers v.35 interface Cisco 1601R Dual 10BaseT ports Cisco 1605R Tower mounts 2-4-inch pipe Wall mount available Microflect; Andrews, Tower Structures Ensemble Communications Inc.