FCC ID: U5G-DETECT3 Inductive Tag Reader

by: FAG Industrial Services GmbH latest update: 2007-07-24 model: DETECT3

One grant has been issued under this FCC ID on 07/24/2007 (this is the only release in 2007 for this grantee). Public details available include internal & external photos, manuals, and frequency information. some products also feature user submitted or linked drivers, instructions, troubleshooting guides, password defaults, & warrantee terms.

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1	User Manual Part I	Users Manual	pdf	2.29 MiB
1	User Manual Part II	Users Manual	pdf	2.62 MiB
1		External Photos	pdf
1		ID Label/Location Info	pdf
1		Internal Photos	pdf
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1		Test Report	pdf
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User Manual Part I

Users Manual

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From software version 3.2.0 2007-07-13 FAG Industrial Services 1 Table of Contents 3 Trendline 3 1 Welcome 2 General 3.1.5 Intended use 3.1.1 3.1.2 3.1.3 3.1.4 3.1 Program installation 2.1 About this documentation 2.2 Mode of functioning 2.3 2.4 Scope of delivery 2.5 Characteristic values 2.6 Statement of Conformance to electrical safety and EMI requirements

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.............................................................................................................. 18 System requirements

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................................................................................................. 19 Trendline software installation Detector Flash Updater installation

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................................................................................................. 24 MSDE installation 3.1.4.1 Registering databases at the MSDE/SQL server

..................................................................................................... 27 Uninstalling

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................................................................................................. 30 Main window Menu bar

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................................................................................................. 33 Toolbar

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................................................................................................. 34 Adding a sensor Installing USB-serial converter

................................................................................................. 36 Balancing activation

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................................................................................................. 40 Register new detector

.............................................................................................................. 42 3.4 Setting up configuration

................................................................................................. 42 Enter system tree Automatic assignment of RFID tags to measuring points

................................................................................................. 43 Create a measuring point

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................................................................................................. 50 Setting characteristic values Editing / deleting sensors

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................................................................................................. 52 Managing measurement comments Add balancing configuration

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................................................................................................. 61 Setting up run up/coast down 3.4.1 3.4.2 3.4.3 3.4.4 3.4.5 3.4.6 3.4.7 3.4.8 3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 3.3.4 3.2 User interface 3.3 First steps 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 2 Table of Contents 3.7.1 3.8.1 3.8.2 3.6.1 3.6.2 3.6.3 3.4.9 3.4.10 3.4.11 3.6 Create a route 3.5 Bearing database 3.7 Download data from Detector 3.5.1 3.5.2 3.5.3 3.5.4 3.5.5 3.5.6 3.5.7 3.5.8 Change alarm levels automatically

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................................................................................................. 67 Send configuration

................................................................................................. 68 Deleting the Trendline database

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................................................................................................. 69 Search bearing

................................................................................................. 71 Add bearing

................................................................................................. 72 Edit / delete bearings Exporting / importing bearings

................................................................................................. 74 Manage groups

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................................................................................................. 78 Add manufacturer

................................................................................................. 78 Edit / delete manufacturer Select a different bearing database

................................................................................................. 80

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................................................................................................. 82 Create a new route

................................................................................................. 83 Create template Send route

................................................................................................. 84

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................................................................................................. 86 Sorting Wizard 3.8 Viewing measuring data

.............................................................................................................. 88 Measured values

................................................................................................. 88

................................................................................................. 91 Graphic

.............................................................................................................. 92

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.............................................................................................................. 94 Before starting

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................................................................................................. 94 Send data

.............................................................................................................. 95

................................................................................................. 96 Measurement report Alarm Report

................................................................................................. 100

................................................................................................. 102 Route report Balancing report

................................................................................................. 102

................................................................................................. 104 Creating a run up/coast down report

.............................................................................................................. 105

................................................................................................. 105 Importing data from a Trendline 3.x database Export wizard

................................................................................................. 105 Export a measuring point

................................................................................................. 106

................................................................................................. 110 Import and export between different workstations

.............................................................................................................. 110

................................................................................................. 110 General Database

................................................................................................. 111 3 3.9 Reset Alarm Status 3.10 Delete measured data 3.11 EService 3.13 Importing and exporting data 3.12.1 3.12.2 3.12.3 3.12.4 3.12.5 3.13.1 3.13.2 3.13.3 3.13.4 3.14 Program settings 3.12 Create reports 3.11.1 3.11.2 3.14.1 3.14.2 4 The FIS-Viewer 3.14.3 3.14.4 3.14.5 3.14.6 4.2 Working with the Viewer 4.1.1 4.1.2 4.1.3 4.1.4 4.1.5 4.1.6 Report E-mail Data view Automatic export 4.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.3 4.2.4 4.2.5 4.2.6 4.2.7 4.2.8 4.2.9 4.2.10 4.2.11

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.............................................................................................................. 114 4.1 The working interface Interface areas

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................................................................................................. 115 Toolbar

................................................................................................. 116 Tools

................................................................................................. 122 Diagram display Cursor and measuring information

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................................................................................................. 125 The diagram information bar

.............................................................................................................. 128 Displaying several diagrams simultaneously

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................................................................................................. 128 Modifying the appearance of a diagram Using the mouse to control the cursor or zoom function

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................................................................................................. 132 Zoom tools Cursor tools

................................................................................................. 137 Positioning of base cursor

................................................................................................. 144

................................................................................................. 145 Modifying the cursor properties

................................................................................................. 151 Other tools

................................................................................................. 152 Using the diagram information bar Exporting data via the clipboard

................................................................................................. 160 Viewer settings

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.............................................................................................................. 182 Selection of measuring point

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................................................................................................. 185 Measuring procedure 5.1 Detector display 5.2 Keyboard 5.3 Explanation of the symbols 5.4 Connectors 5.5 Accumulator 5.6 Switching on and off 5.7 Main menu 5.8 Data transfer 5.9 Measuring procedure 5.10 CM-measurement 4.3 Keyboard shortcuts 5.10.1 5.10.2 5 Detector III 4 Table of Contents 6 Special information 5.11.1 5.11.2 5.11.3 5.11.4 5.11.5 5.10.3 5.10.4 5.10.5 5.10.6 5.10.7 5.10.8 5.12 Determining the resonance range of a machine 5.13 Free measurement 5.14 System messages and their meaning 5.15 Update firmware Display of values measured

................................................................................................. 185

................................................................................................. 186 Viewing time signals on the Detector display

................................................................................................. 187 Display of the FFT on the Detector display Repeated measurements

................................................................................................. 188

................................................................................................. 188 Measuring with temperature sensor

................................................................................................. 189 Using the headset

.............................................................................................................. 189 5.11 Balancing measurement Measuring rotational speed

................................................................................................. 194 Reference run

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................................................................................................. 195 Trial run

................................................................................................. 197 Display coefficients and apply balance weights Trim run

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.............................................................................................................. 216 Introduction

................................................................................................. 216 Frequency analysis

................................................................................................. 217 Demodulation analysis

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................................................................................................. 227 Vibration characteristic values

..................................................................................................... 228 Arithmetic mean value 7.1.4.1 7.1.4.2 Peak values (peak, peak to peak)

..................................................................................................... 228 7.1.4.3 Root mean square (RMS)

..................................................................................................... 228

..................................................................................................... 229 Broad band RMS value 7.1.4.4

..................................................................................................... 229 7.1.4.5 Selective RMS value

................................................................................................. 230 Bibliography

.............................................................................................................. 231

................................................................................................. 231 Introduction Advantages of using IR thermometers

................................................................................................. 231

................................................................................................. 232 Infrared measuring system 6.1 Time signals 6.2 Frequency selective characteristic values 6.3 Dynamic memory management 6.4 Analog branches in the Detector III 6.5 Establishing a data connection 7.2 Principles of non-contact temperature measurement 7.1 General information on vibration monitoring 7.1.1 7.1.2 7.1.3 7.1.4 7.2.1 7.2.2 7.2.3 7.1.5 7 Appendix 5 7.2.4 7.2.5 7.2.6 Target Handling the pyrometer 7.2.5.1 7.2.5.2 7.2.5.3 Bibliography

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..................................................................................................... 236 Distance to spot size ratio Emissivity

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..................................................................................................... 237 Measurement considerations

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............................................................................239 8 Technical data Index 6 1 Welcome Welcome 174 Overview The FAG Detector III is a vibration measuring device, data collector and operational balancing device in one. Together with the Trendline 3 software, the device allows improved planning of maintenance and increased machine availability. Machine vibrations are a good indicator of a machine's condition. With the aid of Detector III, you can monitor machine vibrations according to ISO 10816 and roller bearing condition by means of the demodulation detection method. The base curve and demodulation signals stored in the system can then be used to analyze the signals in the time and frequency range. This permits detection of alignment errors and imbalance as reliably as roller bearing damage or gearing problems. Other process parameters that can be recorded are temperature and rotational speed. 18 Applications Measuring and analyzing machine condition The FAG Detector III records vibration signals at pre-defined measuring points by means of a sensor and then calculates the effective values for velocity, describe the acceleration and demodulation. These characteristic values condition of the machine and component. You can define and monitor frequency bands of any frequency width in the range from 0.1 Hz to 20 kHz. FAG Detector III can save up to 1600 measuring points and up to 270 time signals. Once a measuring round has been finished, all data recorded are transferred to the Trendline software, where they are evaluated, analyzed and displayed. 15 7 Balancing with the Detector III (available as accessory function) There are many and diverse reasons for unscheduled machine standstills. However, a considerable number of these is due, directly or indirectly, to imbalance or alignment errors. During operation, imbalance may cause severe vibrations, that can lead to consequential damage, for example premature bearing wear or fatigue-induced breaks. is machine failure and thus unscheduled production downtime. The FAG Detector III is a tool with which you can not only detect but also remedy such conditions easily and efficiently. The easy user interface provides good support during the balancing process. Step by step, the device software guides the user through the balancing process. The user can create a configuration for each balancing process with the Trendline software. Furthermore, he can define templates that can be adapted on site on the machine. The balancing results are sent to the Trendline software. You can display them there in table form or as a diagram. The result Analyzing data with the Trendline bearing database 20,000 bearings from various The integrated bearing database (approx. measured data in manufacturers) simplifies and speeds up analysis of

. It allows you to detect any irregularities at combination with the FIS-Viewer first glance and assign the appropriate components. You can save multiple bearings per measuring point. This allows you to check multiple bearing ball-pass frequencies at a measuring point. Every user can add new entries to the bearing database to suit individual needs. 114 8 General 2 General 2.1 About this documentation This documentation describes the functionality of the Detector III and the Trendline software. It explains:

how to create configurations transfer these to the Detector;

or measuring routes on a computer and 42 82 how to use the device to record measuring data;

how to transfer data from the Detector to the computer and how data can be analyzed and stored. The appendix also contains an introduction to the basic principles of vibration and a brief description of the subject "Temperature measurement monitoring with the Detector III 216 216

". Safety information symbols DANGER Safety symbol This safety symbol warns you of material damage and dangers to health, life-threatening injuries and death. General information symbols This symbol indicates helpful additional information and device settings or application tips that help you perform tasks more efficiently. Cross-reference symbol

: This symbol indicates a page in the manual with more detailed information. If you are reading the manual on screen in PDF format, you can jump to this page by clicking the word to the left of the cross-reference symbol. 9 2.2 Mode of functioning Detector III is a hand-held measuring instrument with data recording function for offline monitoring of systems and machinery (condition monitoring). For this purpose, the instrument senses vibrations at pre-determined measuring points using a detector and works out the RMS values of vibration velocity, acceleration in vibration and demodulation, for characterizing machine or component condition. In addition, Detector can measure the so-called characteristic values, 9 temperatures using an infra-red sensor. Once a measuring round is finished, the measured characteristic values and any recorded time signals are transferred to a computer where they are evaluated, analyzed and graphically depicted using the Trendline software 18

. The exact location of the measuring point within the system to be monitored is stored in the configuration

. There, the sensor sensitivity for each measuring point and the threshold values for main or preliminary alarm are stored as well. The configuration is created using the Trendline software and transferred to the Detector prior to measuring. 42 18 For measuring, the vibration sensor is fixed to a pre-determined measuring point with the help of a magnet footing. If this is not possible due to the housing material (e.g. aluminum), attach an iron plate or a washer the size of the magnetic at the measuring point. This is easiest done with the help of a fast-

curing superglue (e.g. cyan acrylate glue). The configuration of the measuring point is selected on the Detector and the measuring started. Detector records the sensor signals broadband and works out the characteristic values. These characteristic values are stored and transferred to the computer once the measuring round is finished. For each measuring point, the newly measured characteristic values are compared with the threshold values determined for this measuring point for a main alarm and pre-alarm. The Detector (main alarms) and the Trendline software (main and pre-alarms) display the threshold events. New characteristic values are stored. You can depict them graphically in the Trendline software depending on time of measuring. 182 In addition to the condition monitoring measurement (subsequently referred to as

) the Detector III also masters what is known as operation CM measurement balancing. During this process the Detector helps you find the optimum position of balancing weights when carrying out the balancing measurement

. These weights serve to compensate for imbalances in rotating parts and therefore extend their service life. 189 10 General Before you start Ferrit modules will reduce electromagnetic fields from the device which could otherwise affect other electronic devices in the vicinity. You will or the RFID-Detector. The ferrit modules have to be fasten to the three sensor cables

(cable for the acceleration sensors as well as for the trigger sensor) of the Detector. receive three ferromagnetic modules with the RFID-Kit Ferrit module Proceed as follows:

1. Put the sensor cable into the groove of the ferrit. 2. Adjust the cable so that the rim of the ferrit modul is placed addording to the picture. Please note that the ferrit module should be placed as close as possible to the Detector. 3. Close the retractable ferrit module enclosing the cable firmly till it engages. Ferrits fasten at the sensor cables 11 2.3 Intended use Disposal information Neither the Detector not the associated components may be disposed of via domestic waste as they contain electronic components and NiMH accumulators that must be disposed of in the proper manner. Please return them to us so that we can ensure disposal in keeping with legal and environmental requirements. Returning used devices is an important contribution to environmental protection. Information to the user Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment. Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense. Industry Canada This Class A digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003. 12 2.4 Scope of delivery DETECT3-KIT Base unit with accumulator Accelerometer with magnetic foot Infrared temperature sensor Battery charger with travel adapter PC data cable (serial/USB) Manual Protective bag with temperature sensor holder Trendline PC software Case General 13 DETECT3.BALANCE-KIT Acceleration sensor with magnetic foot and sensor cable Trigger sensor (optical and inductive) Scales Magnetic holder for trigger sensor Extension stick for magnetic holder Cable for trigger sensor (length 10 m) Reflex mark for optical trigger sensor Dongle for activating the balancing function Case 14 General RFID KIT Base unit with accumulator and RFID reader 5 RFID tags Accelerometer with magnetic foot Infrared temperature sensor Battery charger with travel adapter PC data cable (serial/USB) Manual Protective bag with temperature sensor holder Trendline PC software Case Accessories Sensor extension cable (5m and 15m length), sensor bases and rail magnet available on request. 2.5 Characteristic values Detector III can store up to 4 different (or same just as well) characteristic values per measuring point. The following characteristic values can be selected:

Meaning Charac-

teristic value ISO 10816 RMS value of vibration velocity vsel aeff asel deff dsel Frequency range: 10 Hz to 1 kHz Unit: mm/s RMS value of vibration velocity with freely selectable upper and lower limiting frequency Frequency range: 0.3 Hz to 20 kHz (depending on the lowpass frequency) Unit: mm/s RMS value of acceleration in vibration Frequency range: 2 Hz to 20 kHz (depending on the lowpass frequency) Unit: g RMS value of acceleration in vibration with freely selectable upper and lower limiting frequency Frequency range: 0.1 Hz to 20 kHz (depending on the lowpass frequency) Unit: g Demodulation signal of acceleration in vibration with switchable low-pass Frequency range: 0.1 Hz to 20 kHz (depending on the lowpass frequency) Unit: g RMS value of demodulation in vibration with freely selectable upper and lower limiting frequency Frequency range: 0.1 Hz to 20 kHz (depending on the lowpass frequency) 15 Charac-

teristic value T Meaning Unit: g Temperature Range: -20C to +550C Unit: C Crest factor Ratio between peak value and RMS value (Crest factor = peak value / RMS value) In addition to the aforementioned characteristic values, you can also measure rotational speed. 16 General 2.6 Statement of Conformance to electrical safety and EMI requirements Declaration of conformity as per the Radio and Telecommunication Transmitter Devices Act (FTEG) and Directive 1999/5/EC (R&TTE) The manufacturer:

F'IS, FAG Industrial Services GmbH Kaiserstrae 100 D-52134 Herzogenrath Germany declares that the product:

Purpose:

Device category:

Detector III Radio installation RFID application Category 1 corresponds to the basic requirements of 3 and the other relevant provisions of FTEG (article 3 of R&TTE) if used for the intended purpose. Health and safety as per 3 (1) 1. (article 3 (1) a)) Harmonised standards used:

Protection requirements with regard to EMC 3 (1) 2, article 3 (1) b)) Harmonised standards applied:

Measures for efficient use of the radio frequency spectrum Harmonised standards applied:

ETSI EN 300 330-2 V1.3.1. ETSI EN 301 489-3 V1.4.1 EN 60950-1: 2001, EN 50364: 2001 This statement of conformance is issued based on testing the EMC aspects of a representative product sample of the above mentioned product in conformance with the following standards:

ETSI EN 301 489 EN 61000-6-4 ETSI EN 300 330 EN 60950-1 EN 61000-6-2 FCC Part 15 Measuring device identifier: CE Herzogenrath, 22.06.2007 17 3 Trendline 3 The Trendline software is the server-based program for the Detector III. The Detector itself is designed only for the recording of measured values. All data organization and evaluation tasks are carried out by the Trendline software. The monitoring of a system is configured using the software which also evaluates, analyses, and stores the measuring data delivered by the Detector. Further, Trendline 3 manages the exchange of data between the server on which the software is running and the Detector. 3.1 Program installation In addition to the application program, the Trendline software requires the MSDE database server. It must be installed either on the local computer or on a network server. If you are already using an MSDE database server, you can register the databases with this. Please note that you need Administrator permissions for your computer to install the Trendline software completely. If you do not have these permissions, ask your system administrator. For example, the software with Administrator permissions and then switch back to a normal user. you can install 3.1.1 System requirements In order to use the Trendline software in an optimum way, the following minimum requirements must be met:

General system requirements Pentium III PC with 500 MHZ (recommended: 1 GHz) at least 512 MB RAM (recommended: 1 GB) Screen resolution: 1024x768 (pixels) Operating systems with MSDE 2000: Windows 2000, Windows Server 2003, Windows XP Please note that the Trendline software does not yet run on Windows Vista. Hard disk memory for installing the Trendline software Trendline software 3.2 (without database and database server): 62 MB 18 Trendline 3 Detector Flash Updater: 4 MB Demo database and bearing database: 20 MB Hard disk memory for installing the database server MSDE 2000: 50 MB Hard disk memory for the database MSDE 2000: at least 2 GB (recommended: 6 GB) Other requirements Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.0 SP1 or later 3.1.2 Trendline software installation Please insert the Installation CD. If you do not have a CD, you can download the current version of Trendline from our website (www.fis-services.de). If the installation program does not start automatically you can start it manually using Windows Explorer:

1. Open My computer. 2. Under Equipment with removable media click the right-hand mouse button on the CD-ROM drive then click Open. 3. Start the Trendline installation file (Trendline-Setup-3.2.exe) by doubleclicking on it. 4. Please select the language to install the Trendline software. You can change the language settings 110 at any time after installing. The Setup Wizard guides you through the rest of the installation:

19 5. Select the directory where you want to install the software and click Next. 6. Select the Start menu directory to create the program link. Click on Continue. 20 Trendline 3 7. Optionally, you can select other components of the Trendline software to install. To do so, check the checkbox next to the option a) Flash Updater to update the Detector firmware b) Database installations to install the demo database and/or bearing database and click Continue. 208 21 Please note that the Trendline software requires MSDE (Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Desktop Engine)!

8. In the next window check your settings and click Install or Back to correct your settings. This installs the Trendline software. 3.1.3 Detector Flash Updater installation If you selected Flash Updater when you installed the Trendline software, the Setup Wizard automatically starts installation:

1. Select the directory where you want to install the software and click Next. 22 Trendline 3 2. Optionally, you can add program icons on the desktop or to the quick launch bar. To do so, check the checkbox next to the option a) Create a desktop icon to add a shortcut on your desktop b) Create a Quick Launch icon to add a symbol to the Quick Launch bar next to the Start button and click on Next. 3. In the next window check your settings and click Next to install the Detector 23 Flash Updater or Back to correct your settings. This installs the Detector Flash Updater. 3.1.4 MSDE installation If you selected Database installation when you installed the Trendline software, the Setup Wizard automatically starts installation:

1. Please select whether you want to a) install MSDE and register database, b) only install MSDE or c) register databases with an existing MSDE/SQL server and click Continue. 24 Trendline 3 If you selected Register databases with MSDE/SQL server, please continue with registration 27

. 2. Select the directory in which you want to install the database server. Click on Continue. 3. Select the directory in which you want to install the MSDE database. Click on Continue. 25 4. Optionally, you can select additional databases to install. To do so, check the checkbox next to the option a) bearing database b) demo Trendline database to install a database with demo data and click Continue. to install the most common bearings in a database 68 This installs the Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Desktop Engine (MSDE) with the selected databases. 26 Trendline 3 5. Click Finish to close the Setup Wizard. 3.1.4.1 Registering databases at the MSDE/SQL server If you selected Register databases with the MSDE/SQL server, you must connect the databases (Trendline and bearing database) to the MSDE/SQL server:

Registering Trendline databases at the MSDE/SQL server 1. Select the database server that contains the database from the server list or enter the server in the input field in the upper area of the window. Click on Refresh to display the list of available servers. If you do not find any entries in the server list due to restricted user permissions, enter "Computer name\FIS_DATABASE" manually (if the name of your computer, for example, is "peters_laptop", the server name would be "peters_laptop\FIS_DATABASE"). You can find your computer's name in the Windows Explorer drives. If you are not sure about your computer's name, ask your administrator. 2. Select Use a specific user name and password and enter your user name and password to log-on to the database. If you select a database server that was installed during a Trendline installation (contains FIS_DATABASE in its name), the user name is sa and the password is sql8. Make sure to enable Allow Password Save to save the password. 27 3. Select the database master from the list. 4. Click on OK. Registering a bearing database at the MSDE/SQL server 1. Select the database server that contains the database from the server list or enter the server in the input field in the upper area of the window. Click on Refresh to display the list of available servers. If you do not find any entries in the server list due to restricted user permissions, enter "Computer name\FIS_DATABASE" manually (if the name of your computer, for example, is "peters_laptop", the server name would be "peters_laptop\FIS_DATABASE"). You can find your computer's name in the Windows Explorer drives. If you are not sure about your computer's name, ask your administrator. 2. Select Use a specific user name and password and enter your user name and password to log-on to the database. If you select a database server that was installed during a Trendline installation (contains FIS_DATABASE in its name), the user name is sa and the password is sql8. Make sure to enable Allow Password Save to save the password. 28 Trendline 3 3. Select the database master from the list. 4. Click on OK. If you want to register the database later on, please select bearingDB instead of masterDB. 3.1.5 Uninstalling To uninstall the Trendline software, please click Programs > FIS > Trendline 3.2 Uninstall Trendline in the Start menu. This uninstalls the Trendline software and its components. Please note that configuration and export files are left on your computer. For your safety, the database is not deleted either. To completely uninstall, you must delete these files manually. 29 3.2 User interface 3.2.1 Main window The layout of the main Trendline 3 software window is based on standards which have developed for user interfaces in the meantime. 31 33 At the top edge of the main window you will find the menu bar

, where you can call up the functions of the program via the menu items. Frequently used functions can also be activated using the buttons in the toolbar On the left-hand side of the window the structure of the configuration for the system to be monitored is depicted in the form of a directory tree. The Configurations, which are splitting in descending order into the levels Section, Machine and Measuring Point, are the highest classification element. That way, a measuring point within a configuration is clearly defined by its denomination as well as the specification and location of the machine the measuring place is to be found at. Next to the denomination of each element of the configuration and system structure you will find a field marked in color. It indicates the alarm condition for this part of the system following the table below. 30 Trendline 3 Color Meaning For this level of the system structure no alarm is recorded. For this level of the system structure preliminary alarm is recorded. For this level of the system structure main alarm is recorded. An RFID tag has been assigned to this measuring point. An RFID tag in this part of the system has been marked as defective. On the right-hand side next to the configuration and system structure you can insert an image. At the highest level you will find the tabsheets, where you can adjust the settings of the individual measuring points. The dividing line between the image of the configuration and system structure can be shifted towards the right or left by dragging with the mouse. In the configuration structure, always one element is marked. The properties of this element are depicted in the right-hand part of the window. 3.2.2 Menu bar The menu bar allows access to the following functions of the Trendline 3 software:

Menu File System 106 or export a single measuring point Recently used databases Close To root level Menu items and their functions Creates a new database. New Opens an existing database. Open Import Loads records exported with Trendline. Exports part of a current measuring point structure using the export wizard Export 105 Trendline displays recently used databases at this point in the menu. You can specify the number in the program settings Quits the Trendline software. Takes you from your current position in the tree right back to the beginning, all the time. Rename currently selected element. Inserts an element of the configuration structure in the same level as currently displayed. Inserts an element of the configuration structure in the level below the current. Inserts a balancing configuration. Rename New item New subitem 111 53

. Add balancing configuration 53 31 Menu Menu items and their functions Add run up/coast down configuration 61 Creates a run up/coast down configuration. Expand selection Collapse selection Cut Copy Paste Flaps up all elements under the current element. Closes the complete tree structure. Cuts out the current element of the tree. Copies the current element of the tree. Pastes the element on the clipboard into the current position in the tree. This is only possible in the tree level above that of the copied element, e. g. when copying a machine, this can only be pasted into the plant level of the tree. Deletes the current entry at the tree with all sub-entries. Deletes measured data from the current position. 93 Delete entry Delete measured data Reset alarm status 92 Adjust alarm levels 65 Send configuration Send all measuring points from currently selected element downwards to Reset all alarms for the element of the configuration and system structure selected. Automatic adjustment of the alarm levels. detector. Sends one of the pre-selected routes to the detector. Opens a connection to the detector and downloads all data stored in the detector. Allows to set all options to the detectors registered. Send route Load data from Detector Configure Detector Balancing activation Enables the balancing function on the Detector. 38 Sensor Comment selection list Adds Create and edit a list of comments.

, edits and deletes sensors. 52 34 Detector Planning Route Template Creates out and edits routes. Defines and edits configuration templates that can be used for ad-lib. measurements. Sends selected data for further analysis. EService Measurement report Creates a measurement report. 96 Alarm Report Route report Balancing report Run up/coast down Report Creates an alarm report. Creates a route report. Creates a balancing report. Creates a run up/coast down report. Service 32 Trendline 3 Menu Tools

Menu items and their functions Options Bearing DB Contents Index First steps Menu bar Toolbar About Trendline Program settings Opens the bearing database Contents of the online help. Search index for the online help. Start using the Trendline Software. Explains all menus of the Trendline Software. Explains all icons in the toolbar. Information about the Trendline Software. 68

. 3.2.3 Toolbar Frequently used functions of Trendline software can be used via the toolbar. Go to root element Create new item Create new sub-item Toolbar Paste Delete Reset Alarm Status Add balancing configuration Send configuration to detector Add run up/coast down configuration Send route to detector Expand tree entries Close selected element Cut Copy Download data from detector Alarm Report EService 33 3.3 First steps 3.3.1 Adding a sensor Before you can set up configurations, you must define the sensors you want to use. Detector III is delivered with all necessary sensors. They are pre-defined in the Trendline software. Proceed as follows to add new sensors:

In the Detector menu click Sensor > Add. In Sensor type choose from Acceleration, Temperature or Trigger sensor. In the Name field, enter a name for the sensor, e.g. "IMI 627". Acceleration sensor Enter sensor sensitivity in mV/g in the Sensitivity field. Sensitivity is printed on the sensor or indicated in the enclosed specifications. When you add an active sensor, select Active sensor and enter minimum and maximum bias voltage in the appropriate input boxes. On the one hand, this activates sensor supply voltage in the Detector before the measurement is performed and activates a high pass to filter the supply voltage out of the measuring signal. On the other hand, the Detector checks whether sensor bias voltage is within the set thresholds. Minimum bias voltage must be at least 3, maximum bias voltage must not be greater than 17. The difference between the two values must not be less than 10. 34 Trendline 3 If you want to measure on a power supply unit, Active sensor must not be enabled. Click OK to save the new sensor. Temperature sensor Enter sensor sensitivity in mV/C, mV/F or mV/K and the offset in mV. Click OK to save the new sensor. Trigger sensor The trigger sensor serves to measure rotational speed and is used in operational balancing to start the measurement 189

. 35 Select the Supply voltage: External, 5V, 12V. Click OK to save the new sensor. 3.3.2 Installing USB-serial converter A USB serial adapter is supplied with the Detector which you can use to connect the Detector to computers with USB interfaces. When installing the adapter software make sure you have the adapter and the installation CD provided to hand. Installation of the adapter software To install the adapter software proceed as follows:

Insert the supplied CD. The installation program should start automatically. If the installation program does not start automatically you can start it manually using Windows Explorer:

1. Open My computer. 2. Under Equipment with removable media click the right-hand mouse button on the CD-ROM drive then click Open. 3. Double click to launch autorun.exe. 4. At USB TO RS232 Converter, click the folder icon next to Product Driver. 36 Trendline 3 5. Select the win_98se_me_2000_xp folder. 6. Click on Setup.exe. This launches the installation wizard which guides you through the installation. If you are already using other devices that use a Prolific USB to Serial chip, please uninstall the drivers for the old devices first as this may result in conflicts. Checking serial interface settings To make sure that communication between the Trendline software and the Detector works smoothly, you can check the USB serial adapter settings for the serial interface:

1. Click the right mouse button on My computer then click on Properties. 2. Click Hardware then Device manager. The adapter should be displayed as

"Prolific USB-to-Serial Bridge" under Connections (COM and LPT). 37 3. Close the Device manager. Removing the adapter software The adapter software can be removed as follows:

1. Click on Start, click on Control panel and then click on Software. 2. Click on Modify or remove program then click on PL-2303-USB-to-Serial. 3. Click on Modify/remove to uninstall the software. 3.3.3 Balancing activation The Detector III is supplied ex works with the balancing functionality switched off. You can enable this function if you have purchased a Detector III balancing kit. The balancing kit contains a USB dongle which can be used to enable one unit only. Dongle This activation is essentially carried out as follows:

A dongle is supplied with the balancing kit that has not previously been used. You can use this dongle to enable the balancing functionality for only one Detector which can be selected at will. Once enabled, the serial number of the Detector is saved on the dongle. From this point onwards the dongle may only be used with this specific Detector. You can also deactivate the balancing functionality in the Detector once again 38 Trendline 3 using the corresponding dongle. The serial number on the dongle is then deleted and you can now use it to enable any other Detector of your choice. This is useful, for example, if you are sending a Detector to the manufacturer for calibration and want to use the balancing function on a different Detector in the meantime. To activate the balancing function on the Detector, start the Trendline software. Connect the Detector to the PC using the serial cable. Plug the dongle into a free USB port. Switch on the Detector and select the Trendline menu item Detector >

balancing activation. The following window is now displayed:

The serial number of the connected Detector and the dongle identified are displayed at the top and bottom respectively. The identified version should start with "3" in the case of Detector III. The serial number of the Detector for which this dongle has already been used or, if the dongle has not yet been used, <Empty> is displayed in the Used for Detector: column. Now select the required dongle from the Type column (should be displayed as "<Empty>" in the "Used for Detector"

column). You can now enable the balancing functionality via Activate balancing for connected Detector. A new line Balancing should now be visible and the serial number of the Detector is displayed in the dongle line. 39 The first time the dongle is used Windows detects the driver that was previously installed with the Trendline software. If Windows asks for a driver select the automatic search option. If the dongle is not displayed or a previously used dongle appears in the list, please click Refresh dongle list. If the dongle is correctly identified by Windows but this is not displayed in the Trendline dongle list you may have an old driver installed on your system. You can check this in the device manager under USB controller -> CBUSB Ver 2.0. If Version 1.x is displayed, uninstall this driver and install the up-to-date driver on the Trendline CD in the CbSetup directory. In this case select the CRYPTO-BOX USB. 3.3.4 Register new detector The Trendline software holds a database for administrating all detectors you use with your program. Prior to sending data to the Detector for the first time, it has to be registered to Trendline software. To do that, you connect the Detector to a serial interface of your computer using the data cable supplied and switch on the Detector. The Detector which has just been connected to the computer is normally automatically detected by the system and registration of this is not compulsory. How to register a new Detector:

Click on Detector > Configure Detector. 40 Trendline 3 Connect the Detector to your PC and switch it on. Click on Search for new Detector to register the new Detector on to the program. You may give the Detector a name, which will be displayed in the default display when switching on the instrument. You can select the language for the Detector. Nevertheless it still can be changed at the Detector. You can set the time of the Detector either by entering the correct time and date

(to do this, click on the figure you want to change) or by clicking Send system date to the Detector (that way the detector is set to the same time and date as your PC). Here, you can select Under normal circumstances, you should select the highest possible (57,6 kbps). In case of problems with communication (e.g. the connection breaks down at times) you may select the lower baud rate of 38,4 kbps. the baud rate of the Detector. After completing all settings, click on OK to send the changes to the Detector. Make sure that the Detector is switched on when clicking OK, because otherwise no communication is possible. 41 3.4 Setting up configuration 3.4.1 Enter system tree Each configuration is subdivided into three levels, e.g. section machine measuring point. Setting up configuration elements In order to create a new configuration, carry out the following steps:

Click on System > New item (or on Name the entry, e.g. "Cement Plant 1. Add the new sub-entry by clicking on System > New sub-item or click on

. That way, you add a new section to the configuration. Name that e.g. "Section 1".

). Exactly as with the section, add another machine (Machine 1) and a new measuring point (Measuring Point 1) by following the sequence via New sub-

item. Moving or copying configuration elements You can only move configuration elements if the target is on a higher level, i.e. you can move or copy a measuring point (level 3) to another machine (level 2), and move or copy a machine (level 2) to a different section (level 1). If the target already contains sub-elements, the moved/copied element is always appended to the end of the list. Moving an element Left-click on the element, keep the mouse button pressed, and drag the element onto the target element. Release the mouse button to insert the element. Copying an element Left-click on the element while pressing the CTRL key, keep the mouse button and CTRL pressed, and drag the element onto the target element. Release the mouse button and CTRL to copy the element. or:

Right-click on the element and select Copy. Right-click on the target element and select Paste. 42 Trendline 3 or:

Right-click on the element, keep the mouse button pressed, and drag the element onto the target element. A pop-up menu displays. Select Move. 3.4.2 Automatic assignment of RFID tags to measuring points In order to simplify allocation of measuring points in the Trendline configuration to measuring point in your system, you can add RFID tags to them. The Detector can read existing RFID tags at the measuring points and automatically assign the measured values to the correct measuring point in the Trendline software. If you transfer a configuration with RFID settings to a Detector without an RFID reader, it displays an error after data transfer and ignores the RFID settings. Assigning an RFID tag to a measuring point Before using, you must assign the RFID tags placed on the measuring points. You can do this immediately before a CM or balancing measurement. Select the measuring points wither in the Trendline software or in the on-site Detector:

Selection in the Trendline software 1. Select a measuring point in the Trendline configuration. 2. Click on the Configuration tab. 3. In the RFID Status box select Assign RFID. 4. Repeat this procedure for all measuring points to which you wish to assign RFID tags. 5. Send 6. During the round, select the appropriate measuring point in the Detector (see the configuration to the Detector. Selection of measuring point a) Select Start measurement. The Detector reads the RFID tag on site and 183

). 67 assigns it to the measuring point. b) If you do not want to perform a measurement but just want to assign the RFID tag, select Assign RFID at the appropriate measuring point on the Detector. 7. Load the data from the Detector in Trendline. The RFID status of the measuring points is now set to "RFID assigned" and the green RFID icon is displayed in front of the measuring point in the configuration tree. 43 You can set the status of all measuring points of an element (e.g. a machine) to "RFID assigned". To do so, right-click the element and select Assign RFIDs globally. On the next round with the Detector you can assign the RFID tags placed here to all the appropriate measuring points. Selection in Detector 1. If you have not assigned an RFID tag to a measuring point yet, you can also assign one on the Detector. You can assign it immediately before a CM/

balancing measurement or before a run up/coast down test. Select the measuring point on the Detector and then the Assign RFID command. You can then perform a measurement. 2. Load the data from the Detector in Trendline. The RFID status of the measuring points is now set to "RFID assigned". Removing the assignment of an RFID tag 1. Select a measuring point with an RFID tag assigned in the Trendline. 2. Click on the Configuration tab. 3. In the RFID Status box select Delete RFID. the configuration to the Detector. 4. Send 5. During the round, select the appropriate measuring point in the Detector (see 67 Selection of measuring point 183

). 6. Select Start measurement. The Detector prompts you to delete the tag. Delete the tag and select Tag deleted. If you do not delete the tag, select Tag stays. 7. Continue measuring. 8. Load the data from the Detector in Trendline. The RFID status of the measuring point is set to "No RFID" if the tag was deleted. You can globally delete all RFID tag assignments to measuring points of an element (e.g. a machine) in the configuration. To do so, right-click the element and select Delete RFIDs globally. On the next round, confirm deletion of the RFID tag assignment for each measuring point before the measurement. Changing the assignment of an RFID tag To change the assignment of an RFID tag to a measuring point: First change the RFID status in the Trendline configuration and transfer the modified configuration to the Detector. On the next round with the Detector, you can then import the new RFID tag. 44 Trendline 3 1. Select the measuring point in the Trendline configuration. 2. Click on the Configuration tab. 3. In the RFID Status box select Edit RFID. 4. Send 5. During the round, select the appropriate measuring point in the Detector (see the configuration to the Detector. 67 Selection of measuring point 183

). 6. Select Start measurement. The Detector prompts you to delete the tag. a) Delete the tag and select Tag deleted. You can now assign the new RFID tag. b) If you do not delete the tag, select Tag stays. 7. Continue measuring. 8. Load the data from the Detector in Trendline. The new RFID tag is assigned in the measuring point in the system configuration. Exchanging a defective RFID tag If communication with the RFID tag at a measuring point does not work, the user can mark it as "defective" in the Detector and then continue measuring. After the next data synchronization with the Trendline software, the RFID status "RFID defective" is displayed at the measuring point and recursively up to the top level in the configuration tree. You can then assign a different RFID tag to the measuring point. 1. The Detector cannot read the RFID tag at the measuring point. Select RFID tag defective in the Detector. 2. The program displays "Is the tag defective?". Select Yes. 3. Delete the RFID tag from the measuring point. 4. Load the data from the Detector in Trendline. The RFID status of the measuring points is now set to "RFID defective". 5. You can now assign a different RFID tag to the measuring point. Additional information You can abort Detector RFID tag assignment handling functions by pressing Esc. This preserves the previous state of the assignment. If the Detector recognizes an RFID tag that is not in the configuration, it displays the error message: "At least one configuration does not exist". 3.4.3 Create a measuring point The settings for the measuring point can now be made. Three tabs are assigned to each measuring point in the right-hand window: Information 46 and Measured values

, Configuration 88 46

. 45 Info Comments on this measuring point may be entered in the field provided in the Information tab. It is also possible to insert an picture. To do this, click and select the desired picture in the file dialogue. Please observe that these pictures should not be larger then 100kB, otherwise the program will run more slowly with a

. lot of large pictures. You can print out the picture using and remove it using Configuration RFID status In this section you can display and edit the status of an RFID tag assigned to the measuring point:

No RFID No RFID tag is assigned to the measuring point. 46 Trendline 3 Assign RFID This option instructs the Detector to assign an RFID tag placed on the machine to this measuring point during the next round. RFID assigned An RFID tag is assigned to the measuring point. The unique ID is displayed in the RFID number field. Delete RFID This option instructs the Detector to cancel the RFID tag assignment to the measuring point during the next round. RFID defective The Detector has marked the assigned RFID tag as defective. Change RFID This option tells the Detector to replace the assigned RFID tag. During the next round, you must delete the tag and assign a new one before you can perform the measurement at this measuring point. You can only select the statuses that are accessible as a follow-up status of the current status. See also Automatic assignment of RFID tags to measuring points 43

. Sensor You can adjust the vibration measurement sensors and the temperature at Sensor

. Only the sensors that were previously entered in the sensor database will be available for selection (see Add sensor

). You can select a sensor for Acceleration, Temperature and Trigger from the sensor database. 34 Time signal In this area you can specify how the Detector should handle time signals and characteristic values. Charac. value averaging: the FFTs or characteristic values calculated from the time signals are averaged. If the average of four values is determined, for example, four values are recorded in succession, the FFT is calculated and the

(frequency selective) characteristic values are produced. The time signals stored for the purposes of an averaged measurement are always the last time signals measured. Select FFT to determine the mean values of the FFTs calculated from the time signals and select Char. values to apply the average determined for the characteristic values calculated from the FFTs.

, FFTs 211 You can set the resolution of the spectrum under FFT lines. Select 1600

(corresponds to 4096 samples) or 3200 FFT lines (corresponds to 8192 samples). You can use Save time signal to specify when a time signal should be saved:

never, always or on alarm (a main alarm). 47 At Lowpass you can select a low pass frequency for the frequency band to be measured from a predefined list. The sample rate in this case is always 2.56 times the selected low pass frequency. Note that the filter calculation in the software is performed at the 200 Hz and 500 Hz settings and is therefore slower than at the other frequencies. Therefore, you should only select this high frequency if you really need it. Otherwise, select a greater number of FFT lines: For example, it is faster to measure at 1 kHz / 3200 FFT lines than at 500 Hz / 1600 FFT lines, although both measurements are performed at the same resolution. Apart from Save time signal the time signal settings can no longer be changed after the first measurement as otherwise it would no longer be possible to compare characteristic values. Rotational speed If the rotational speed also needs to be determined by the Detector during the measurement select the Acquire turning speed option. The nominal rotational speed as well as the maximum permissible deviation in RPM should also be entered in the appropriate input fields. If the rotational speed deviates from the rotational speed band defined here during measurement, the Detector issues an error message but still performs the measurement. Bearing list template to the In this section you can assign bearings from the bearing database measuring point or delete an assignment. The associated kinematic frequencies of the selected bearing are then also displayed in the evaluation diagram in the FIS-

Viewer. Both when making assignments and deleting assignments you can choose whether to only apply bearing data in future for all measurements already performed, or only for measurements from a certain period 68 Specify the bearing assignment at measuring point level in the configuration. You can also assign bearing data directly to individual measured values. For more information refer to Measured values 88

. 48 Trendline 3 Add bearing Click and select the bearing from the bearing database. Selecting measurements:

o If you only want to apply the bearing information for future measurements, click Do not add this bearing to any measurement of this measuring point. o If you want to apply the bearing information to all saved measurements, click Add this bearing to all existing measurements of this measuring point. o To apply the bearing information to measurements in a certain time range, click Add this bearing to all measurements of following timerange and select the time range. In the Bearing configuration section enter the speed transmission ratio and select whether the bearing has a fixed outer race. Disable bearing Click on the bearing to delete and then

. 49 Selecting measurements:

o To keep the bearing information for the existing measurements of this measuring point, click Do not disable the bearing for any measurement of this measuring point. o To delete the bearing information from all saved measurements of this measuring point, click Disable the bearing for all existing measurements of this measuring point. o To delete the bearing information from measurements in a certain time range, click Deactivate bearing for all measurements of following timerange and select the time range. Displaying bearing information Click on the desired bearing and then in the bearing database. This displays the bearing information Measured values In the Measured data section you can display the acquired data numerically and graphically. For more information refer to Measured values 88

. 3.4.4 Setting characteristic values You can create the following characteristic values per measuring point:

ISO 10816 Asel and Aeff, 50 Trendline 3 Dsel and Deff, Temperature, Vsel, Crest factor. Please also observe the information in the "Frequency selective characteristic values

" section. 212 Characteristic values can be changed until they have been sent to the Detector for the first time. After that the characteristic values turn grey in the tree and cannot be altered anymore. Otherwise, the measuring results could not be compared. To add a new characteristic value, right-click the measuring point the characteristic value is meant for and, after that, on New sub-item. Alternatively, you can do it via System > New sub-item or via

. Now, the following window opens. Under Type various characteristic values can be selected, which can be measured with the detector. With selective characteristic values (e.g. asel) the upper and lower cut-off frequency can be set in Frequency min. and Frequency max., between which the characteristic value will be calculated. More information to that you will find in Frequency selective characteristic values characteristic values (ISO 10816, aeff and deff) the cut-off frequencies are pre-set. For the other 212 In the Alarm section you can set a threshold value for each characteristic value. If this is exceeded by a measurement, both Detector and Trendline software show 51 an Alarm. Additionally, a preliminary alarm threshold can be set in Trendline software. If the measured value exceeds this threshold, preliminary alarm is given for this measuring point in Trendline software. The Detector shows main alarms only. Prealarms are only displayed in Trendline. See also Reset alarm status 92

. 3.4.5 Editing / deleting sensors If you have added custom sensors in addition to the pre-defined sensors, you can edit or delete them. However, this is only possible if the sensor is not being used in a configuration!

34 Editing a sensor In the Detector menu click Sensor > Edit. Select the sensor in the Edit sensor window. Edit the settings (see also Add sensor If the sensor is in use, the input boxes are grayed out and you cannot edit them.

) and click OK. 34 Deleting a sensor In the Detector menu click Sensor > Delete. Select the sensor to delete in the Delete sensor window and click OK. If the sensor is in use, this is displayed in the window and you cannot delete it. 3.4.6 Managing measurement comments In the Trendline software you can create short texts as measurement comments. The comments list is synchronized whenever data are exchanged with the Detector. During the measuring round, you can assign a comment from the list to every measurement on the Detector. The comment is saved with the measurement and displayed in the measuring results in the Trendline software. You can then edit the comment if necessary (see "Measured data

"). 88 52 Trendline 3 Create comment Click Comment selection list in the Detector. In the Comments window click Enter the desired text and click Click Close. Delete comment Click Comment selection list in the Detector. In the Comments window click Click Close. Edit comment Click Comment selection list in the Detector. In the Comments window click Enter the new text and click

. Click Close. 3.4.7 Add balancing configuration To create a balancing configuration click on a level 3 configuration element

(machine or motor, for example). Then click System > Add balancing configuration. 53 General configuration RFID status In this section you can display and edit the status of an RFID tag assigned to the measuring point:

No RFID No RFID tag is assigned to the measuring point. Assign RFID This option instructs the Detector to assign an RFID tag placed on the machine to this measuring point during the next round. RFID assigned An RFID tag is assigned to the measuring point. The unique ID is displayed in the RFID number field. Delete RFID This option instructs the Detector to cancel the RFID tag assignment to the measuring point during the next round. RFID defective The Detector has marked the assigned RFID tag as defective. Change RFID This option tells the Detector to replace the assigned RFID tag. During the next round, you must delete the tag and assign a new one before you can perform the measurement at this measuring point. 54 Trendline 3 You can only select the statuses that are accessible as a follow-up status of the current status. See also Automatic assignment of RFID tags to measuring points 43

. Balancing settings Type of vibration unit: Select Acceleration, Velocity or Displacement. Characteristic: Specify here whether the peak-to-peak value, the peak value or the root mean square (RMS) should be evaluated. Balancing OK at: define the limit value for the balancing measurement here. If all measured values are below the value specified during the trim run the balancing procedure has been successfully completed and the Detector ends the balancing measurement. 198 Rotational speed settings Enter the Nominal turning speed (in the predefined unit, see "Program settings

/ General

") and the Max. permissible deviation in the appropriate input boxes. Note that a deviation of more than 10% is not possible. If the rotational speed measured by the Detector is outside the rotational speed band defined here the Detector outputs an error message 110 205

. During the measuring process the Detector averages the rotational speed values. Specify how many rotational speed values are to be used for averaging at Number of averages to be determined during one measurement. If you enter 20, for example, the Detector averages the values obtained for rotational speed across 20 revolutions. Balancing plane settings Number of balancing planes: Select "1" for single-plane balancing or "2" for two-plane balancing. Enter a plane name for the selected planes or use the name suggested

"). Due to the Trendline software (see also "Program settings / General Detector display this name can only contain 5 characters. 110 Click Continuous if you can attach the balancinf weights anywhere on the shaft. If this is not possible (e.g. with a fan with 10 blades), Continuous must not be selected. If you deactivated Continuous, use Discrete positions to select the number of possible positions for the balancing weights, e.g. for a fan. In addition, please enter the angle of the next possible position against the direction of rotation to the reflex mark edge in Angle trigger mark -> Pos. 1. This position is called P1. 55 Resonant frequency bands In this section you can manually enter the resonant frequency bands determined for this measuring point. 1. Click on 2. Enter the name of the frequency band. 3. Select Lower frequency and Upper frequency and click OK. You can copy resonant frequency bands determined from a run up/

coast down test and subsequent creation of an amplitude/phase diagram to the balancing configuration (see Setup run up/coast down

). 61 Sensor configuration 56 Trendline 3 Sensor position settings In this section you can insert up to four sensor positions. Each balancing plane must have at least one sensor position. If you add a new balancing configuration to the system configuration, a sensor position is automatically added per balancing plane. Sensor position: Enter a name for the sensor here (maximum of 5 characters). Due to the size of the Detector display this can only be 5 characters long. BNC connector: Select the BNC port used to connect the sensor during the measurement. If you are measuring with two sensors, you should use both BNC connectors on the Detector as this accelerates the speed of measurement. 176 Angle: Enter the angle of displacement of the sensor from the zero position in the direction of shaft rotation. The stator is always used as the reference for the zero position which points vertically upwards. Sensor: Select the sensor used from the sensor database 34 here. Trigger settings Select trigger sensor: Select the trigger sensor used from the sensor database 34 here. Name of trigger position: Enter a designation for the trigger position. This is required for identification of the trigger sensor by the Detector. Due to the size of the Detector display this name can only be 5 characters long. Angle of trigger sensor: Enter the angle of displacement of the trigger sensor from the zero position in the direction of rotation.. The stator is always used as the reference for the zero position which points vertically upwards. Select Positive or Negative to indicate whether the measurement should start on a positive or negative edge on the trigger sensor. This edge determines the 0 position of the shaft. Configured angles In this area the Trendline software provides a graphic representation of the position of the sensors. The sensor positions are always counted in the direction of shaft rotation. Measured data You can view the measured data in this area once a balancing measurement is complete and the data have been transferred to the Trendline software from the Detector. 57 Edit comment In order to edit a measurement comment, click on the measurement and then Edit comment of selected balancing step. Show details To display the details of a measurement click on the appropriate entry in the list then click on The Trendline software displays the sensor position, time of measurement, rotational speed, amplitude and phase of the vibration at the sensor at each stage of the balancing measurement. If you also wish to see the coefficients used and their corresponding amplitude and phase click Show coefficients. If you wish to hide the details again click on

. Display sensor charts Click Sensor charts to display the position of the sensors as a chart. Trendline enters the sensor position on a circular chart for each individual step of the 58 Trendline 3 measurement. You can activate/deactivate the display of each sensor at Sensor position <n>. Display weight graphics Click Weight charts to display the weights as a chart. The Trendline software enters the position of the weights during the trial run and trim run in a circular chart. You can switch the display of weights for each plane on or off by clicking on Applied weights - Plane <n>. The positions of the weights are indicated against the direction of shaft rotation. 59 Print view of graphics Click on to call up a print preview of the graphics. Balancing report Click on to generate a balancing report 102

. Delete balancing data To delete the data obtained during a balancing measurement corresponding entry in the list then click . Click on

. click the 60 Trendline 3 3.4.8 Setting up run up/coast down Configuration RFID status In this section you can display and edit the status of an RFID tag assigned to the measuring point:

No RFID No RFID tag is assigned to the measuring point. Assign RFID This option instructs the Detector to assign an RFID tag placed on the machine to this measuring point during the next round. RFID assigned An RFID tag is assigned to the measuring point. The unique ID is displayed in the RFID number field. Delete RFID This option instructs the Detector to cancel the RFID tag 61 assignment to the measuring point during the next round. RFID defective The Detector has marked the assigned RFID tag as defective. Change RFID This option tells the Detector to replace the assigned RFID tag. During the next round, you must delete the tag and assign a new one before you can perform the measurement at this measuring point. You can only select the statuses that are accessible as a follow-up status of the current status. See also Automatic assignment of RFID tags to measuring points Acceleration sensor settings Vibration sensor: Select the sensor used from the sensor database Name of sensor position: Enter a designation for the sensor position. This is required for identification of the sensor by the Detector. Due to the size of the Detector display this name can only be 5 characters long. here. 43 34

. Angle of vibration sensor: Enter the angle of displacement of the trigger sensor from the zero position in the direction of rotation.. The stator is always used as the reference for the zero position which points vertically upwards. Trigger settings Select trigger sensor: Select the trigger sensor used from the sensor database 34 here. Name of trigger position: Enter a designation for the trigger position. This is required for identification of the trigger sensor by the Detector. Due to the size of the Detector display this name can only be 5 characters long. Angle of trigger sensor: Enter the angle of displacement of the trigger sensor from the zero position in the direction of rotation.. The stator is always used as the reference for the zero position which points vertically upwards. Select Positive or Negative to indicate whether the measurement should start on a positive or negative edge on the trigger sensor. This edge determines the 0 position of the shaft. Run up / coast down settings In this section you can make settings required for Determining the resonance range of a machine Type of vibration unit: Enter which vibration unit to use at run up/coast down. with the run up/coast down test. 199 The following are available: Displacement, Velocity and Acceleration. Characteristic: Specify here whether the peak-to-peak value, the peak value 62 Trendline 3 or the root mean square (RMS) should be evaluated. Measurement type: Enter whether the Detector measures during run up or coast down of the machine Frequency settings In this section you can set the start and end frequency for Determining the resonance range of a machine Use automatic start frequency: Enter the frequency at which the Detector with the run up/coast down test. 199 starts measuring. Use automatic end frequency: Enter the frequency at which the Detector stops measuring. Expert settings The settings in this section concern conditioning of the measuring signal determined while Determining the resonance range of a machine with the run up/coast down test. Order: Select what signal order the Detector should determine (1 = rotational 199 speed signal, 2 = 1st harmonic, 3 = 2nd harmonic, 4 = 3rd harmonic). Signal length: Enter how many samples (1024, 2048 or 4096) the Detector should measure per measuring signal. Use Hanning windowing: Select whether the Detector should use Hanning windowing when conditioning the measuring signal. Hanning windowing leads to better quality of the digitized measuring signal, particularly at low rotational speeds. However, this additional step requires computing time in the Detector and leads to increased noise in the digitized signal. The effects of this setting depend very much on the type of machine and on the individual demands on the ratio of accuracy to the number of signal support points. As a general rule, you should measure as many amplitude and phase values as possible for machines that run up/coast down quickly - i.e. reduce signal length and thus signal quality and do without Hanning windowing, increase accuracy for machines that run up/coast down slowly, i. e. increase signal length and thus signal quality and activate Hanning windowing. Measured data In the Measured data window you can create an amplitude/phase diagram for a set of measured data, save frequency bands selected in the diagram and copy them to a balancing configuration 53

. 63 The Run up/coast down measurements section displays the run up/coast down measurements saved for the measuring point. Limit time range In order to limit the time range of the measured values displayed, select the Time range option. Set the desired start and end date. Edit comment In order to edit a measurement comment, click on the measurement and then Edit comment. Below the measurements the window is split into three sections. The amplitude/

phase diagram is displayed in the middle, with the diagram editing tools to the left. To the right of the diagram there is a list of the user-defined frequency bands. Displaying the amplitude/phase diagram and setting the frequency band Click on a measurement to display the amplitude/phase diagram in the diagram window. You can use the FIS-Viewer zoom tools described in the "FIS-Viewer

114 section to edit the diagram. Cursor tools for the diagram include the base cursor 64 Trendline 3 137

") and a difference cursor, with which you can specify a

(see "Cursor tools frequency band. How to specify a frequency band in the amplitude/phase diagram:

Move the base cursor (yellow) to the measuring point to specify the lower cutoff frequency. Move the difference cursor (green) to the desired measuring point to specify the upper cutoff frequency. In the diagram information, you can read the position of the base and difference cursor and the width of the frequency band and amplitude difference. Saving the frequency band 1. Select the frequency band in the amplitude/phase diagram and click 2. Enter a name for the frequency band and click OK. or:

. 1. Click on 2. Enter the name of the frequency band. 3. Select the start and end frequency and click OK. Deleting a frequency band 1. Click on the frequency band to delete. 2. Click on

. Copying frequency bands to a balancing configuration

. 1. Click on 2. The Add frequencies to balancing configuration window displays the balancing configurations available in the system configuration. Select the desired balancing configuration and click OK. 3.4.9 Change alarm levels automatically The Trendline software can automatically adjust the alarm settings for the individual characteristic values. During this process the software determines the average of all measured values for the relevant characteristic value and automatically adjusts the corresponding alarm value according to your specifications. Alternatively, you can use the values suggested by the software. CAUTION Modification of alarm thresholds may have severe effects on the service life of the monitored components if used improperly. You should therefore always carefully check whether the intended settings are suitable for your specific system. 65 To modify the alarm values automatically proceed as follows:

Select the required element from the configuration tree a specific machine, for example. The alarm values for this element and all sub-elements it contains are modified. Click on Alarm thresholds in the System menu. Specify time range You can use the Time range option to limit the measuring values used for averaging. To do this, enter the start and end time. Alternatively, you can enter the end time and specify the duration in whole days in the No. of days input field. In the latter case the start time is automatically determined. Configuration of automatic adjustment Automatic adjustment of alarm values can be defined for each individual characteristic value

(acceleration, demodulation, velocity and temperature) of the element selected in the configuration tree. 15 66 Trendline 3 To activate the automatic adjustment for one characteristic value proceed as follows:

Select the characteristic value. Enter the main alarm adjustment as a factor of the average value. Enter the pre-alarm adjustment as a percentage (less than 100). or:

Click Recommended to set the values recommended by Trendline. The values suggested by Trendline for the automatic adjustment of alarm values are based on empirical values used by FAG Industrial Services GmbH. As entirely different settings may be required depending on the properties of the components being monitored these must be regarded purely as suggested values which are therefore non-binding. In all cases the user is responsible for selecting appropriate alarm values. Select the machine class for the characteristic value ISO 10816. 3.4.10 Send configuration You can send a configuration or a part of a configuration to the Detector. For that, follow the sequence below:

Select a machine in the tree. Connect the connector to the serial interface using the data cable. Switch on the detector. Click on Detector > Send configuration in Trendline 3 software or click on

. Now, the configuration for the machine selected including all measuring points is sent to the Detector. If you want to send a complete configuration, you would have to select the configuration in the tree (in the example in paragraph 3.3.1 this would be Cement Plant 1) prior to sending the data. It is even possible to send one measuring point. This facility is mostly used for test purposes. 67 If the "Always save" option is selected for more time signals in the configuration that you wish to send to the Detector than are permitted in the Detector memory an error message will be output and the data will not be transferred. Also refer to Frequency analysis 217

. 3.4.11 Deleting the Trendline database To delete a Trendline database and remove all configuration and measured data irreversibly, the database must be open. To delete the currently open Trendline database, click Delete current database in the Tools menu. The program displays a security prompt. Click Delete to delete the database irreversibly. You cannot interrupt the delete process!

3.5 Bearing database The Trendline database provides you with data on the most widely used bearings for use in your individual configuration (see Setting up measuring point to the above. Furthermore, the Trendline You can also add your own bearings bearing database also includes a group administration feature which you can use, for example, to group bearings of different makes that have similar characteristics. Click Tools > Bearing database to open the bearing database.

). 45 71 75 68 Trendline 3 3.5.1 Search bearing To find a bearing click on Search bearing in the bearing database. Click on To restrict the search you can specify the manufacturer and/or group. Additionally, you can further limit the name of the bearing in Search criterion. to display all bearings. You can use the wildcards "?" and "*" in the usual way, e.g. o "*1200*" to find all bearing names containing 1200 or o "?200*" to find all bearings whose name includes the text "200" at position 2-4. The list of hits is displayed in Search result. Select the bearing to be modified and click on Continue. 69 Enter the data for the required bearing as described under Add bearing Click on Save. 71

. If the search results do not return a bearing, the bearing database may be defective or inaccessible. Then proceed as follows:

Close the Trendline software. Deregister the database by running the deinstall_fis_bearing_db_ocx. bat file in C:\Program Files\Common Files\FIS\BearingDB. Register the database element by running the install_fis_bearing_db_ocx.bat file in the same directory. You can now restart Trendline. 70 Trendline 3 3.5.2 Add bearing To add a bearing to the bearing database click on Add bearing. Select a manufacturer from the list. Enter a name for the bearing in the Label field. Detailed comments may be entered in the Comment field (optional). Geometry data or damage frequencies Use the Geometry and Frequencies options to switch between the input fields in the right-hand area of the window in order to enter corresponding data. When inputting the contact angle select either degrees or radians as the unit. When specifying the frequencies enter whether these should be in Hz or rpm. 71 Trendline indicates whether any information still needs to be input in the bottom right-hand area of the window. The bearing can be added to the database only if all input is complete. Click on Continue to store the bearing in the bearing database. 3.5.3 Edit / delete bearings Editing bearings Click on Edit bearing and start by searching for the corresponding bearing as described at Search bearing

.69 72 Trendline 3 The list of bearings found is displayed in Search result as well as the number of hits. Select the bearing to be modified and click on Continue. Enter the data for the required bearing as described under Add bearing Click on Continue. 71

. Click on up the contact details for the manufacturer here. to open the Manufacturer details window. You can call Deleting a bearing Carry out your search initially as described above 72 then select the bearing to 73 be deleted from the Search result. Click on Delete bearing to remove the bearing from the database. You can only delete bearings that you have entered yourself!

Once all the bearings for a particular manufacturer have been deleted you can also delete the manufacturer 71 78

. 3.5.4 Exporting / importing bearings Exporting bearings Click on Export bearing and carry out your search for the bearing to be edited as described under Edit/delete bearings 72

. You can use the Export self-created bearings only option to restrict the export to bearings you yourself have entered. 74 Trendline 3 Click name FISBearingDB_export_<year>_<month>_<day>.zip. can use your own file name. and select the path and file name. By default, Trendline uses a file convention you Alternatively, according the to Importing bearings Click on Import bearings, then on Select the import file. 3.5.5 Manage groups You can use the manage group feature to classify bearings with similar characteristics regardless of their manufacturer. Click on Manage groups to call up the bearing database group administration feature. 75 Create a new group To create a new group click on

. 76 Enter a name for the new group and click on OK. Trendline 3 Assign bearings to a group To assign one or more bearings to a group proceed as follows:

Select the desired group from the Group list. Search for one or more bearings as described at "Edit/change bearing ->

". The bearings found are displayed in the Unassigned 72 Search bearing bearings list. To assign a bearing to the group click on it then click on now be displayed in the Assigned bearings list. The bearing should To assign all bearings found to the group click on be displayed in the Assigned bearings list. All bearings should now To delete a bearing from the group click on the bearing in the Assigned bearings list then click on

. To delete all bearings from the group click on Click on Save assign the bearings to the group in the bearing database. Rename a group To rename a group select it from the Group list and click on

. Enter a new name for the group and click on OK. Delete a group To delete a group select it from the Group list and click on

. Please note: the group is deleted immediately - you will not be prompted to confirm this! You should therefore only use these functions if you are sure that you wish to delete a group. 77 3.5.6 Add manufacturer Click on Add manufacturer to create a new manufacturer. Enter the manufacturer's data in the appropriate input fields and click on Next. Check your input in the window that subsequently appears. If the input is correct click Add to save the manufacturer in the bearing database or click Back to modify your input as required. 3.5.7 Edit / delete manufacturer Edit manufacturer Click on Edit manufacturer to modify the data for one manufacturer. 78 Trendline 3 Change the manufacturer data and click on Next. In the next window the Trendline shows your changes and the original data for an easy compare. Click on Save to stored your changes in the bearing database or click on Back to change your data. Delete manufacturer When you have deleted all bearings from a manufacturer from the database (see Edit/delete bearings Click Delete manufacturer. Then select the manufacture from the Manufacturer list and click Continue. The manufacturer is then deleted from the bearing database.

), you can also remove the manufacturer. 72 You can only delete manufacturers which have been added yourself!

78 by 79 3.5.8 Select a different bearing database Click on Change bearing DB. Select Use connection string and click Connect. Click on Microsoft OLE DB Provider for SQL Server then click Next. 80 Trendline 3 Select the database server that contains the bearing database from the server list or enter the server in the input field in the upper area of the window. Click on Refresh to update the list of available servers. If you do not find any entries in the server list due to restricted user permissions, enter "Computer name\FIS_DATABASE" manually (if the name of your computer, for example, is "peters_laptop", the server name would be "peters_laptop\FIS_DATABASE"). You can find your computer's name in the Windows Explorer drives. If you are not sure about your computer's name, ask your administrator. Select Use a specific user name and password and enter your user name and password to log-on to the bearing database. If you select a database server that was installed during a Trendline installation (contains FIS_DATABASE in its name), the user name is sa and the password is sql8. Enable Allow Password Save to save the password. Select a Bearing DB from the list. Click on OK then also click OK in the Change database window. The modified bearing database is now available for use. 81 For the database server installed with Trendline the user name is

"sa" and the password is "sql8". 3.6 Create a route After the system structure has been entered into a configuration (or several configurations just as well), there is the option to group parts of those configurations into routs using the function route. For example, one could create a route for each day of the week and measure certain machines only on Monday. A route for a certain mechanic, who maintains some machines of a configuration only, would be feasible just as well. Should you want to take measurements at a measuring point not contained in the current route, you can take a free measurement with the Detector for that. To define the settings for that, at least one template must have been created 83 before. In this template you can set exactly the same properties as in an ordinary measuring point like characteristic values, sensor type, time signals, etc. 3.6.1 Create a new route Open the window for the route planning under Planning > Route. A new window will open up, which is subdivided into three parts. On the left, you will find the configuration tree, in the middle the routes and on the right-hand side, same as in the configuration display, the settings. To create a new route, follow the sequence below:

1. Right-click the middle window and subsequently on Add Route. Alternatively you can click on just as well. 2. Name the route in the right window and add a picture, if desired (for that, click on

). 3. Now, you can add elements from the configuration to the route. You can do that in two different ways:

a) Left-click the element you want to add to the route in the configuration tree. Subsequently, left-click the route you want to change in the middle window. Finally, right-click the middle window and then left-click Add Selection. b) Left-click on the part of the configuration tree you wish to add. Keep the left mouse button pressed and drag the element onto the name of the route. Release the mouse button. 4. Repeat this procedure for all routes you want to create, e.g. for Monday to Friday. Use the button routes. The following window is opened:

to print a route report to get an overview over the created 82 Trendline 3 In this window you must select the route you want to print in the route report. In this window you can select the route you want to display in the report. 3.6.2 Create template A template is a pattern for free measurements, i.e. measurements which are not in the current route. You can send up to five templates for free CM measurements, balancing templates, and run up / coast down tests in a route. A template has the same layout as a measuring point. As with a measuring point, time signals can be recorded and different characteristic values set. If you want to associate a free measurement with a certain measuring point, the template for this measurement must have the same layout as the respective measuring point. That means, the same characteristic values (with the same cut-off frequencies) must be set and the sensor must correspond as well. Time signals and alarm thresholds may differ, as the characteristic values can be compared none-the-less. To create a new template, click in the Planning-menu on Template. 83 Click on Under Name you can name the group, under Picture you can include a picture to add a new template group. with

- With you create a new template. Here just as well, you can change the name (under Info) and insert a picture. Once you have created five templates into a group, you cannot add any more into this group. On the page Configuration you can set the sensor type and the time signals desired.

- With you add new characteristic values to the template. More information to that you will find in "Set up characteristic values 50

". In order to add a new balancing configuration to the template group click on For more information refer to Add balancing configuration 53

.. In order to add a new run up / coast down configuration to the template group click on For further details see "Setting up run up/coast down 61

". you can delete the element selected from the list. and with you can unfold the tree starting from the element selected or close again respectively. With With 3.6.3 Send route There are two ways to send a route to the detector:

Click on Detector > Send Route (or on

) in the configuration window. 84 Trendline 3 Select the route you want to send to the Detector. If you check the checkbox Send Template, you can select one of the previously defined template groups. Connect the Detector with the data cable to your PC and switch it on. Click OK to send the route to the Detector. Another way of sending a route to the Detector is directly from route planning (

Planning > Route). Click on exactly as described above. The Send route window opens. Then proceed If the "Always save" option is marked for a greater number of measurement points in the route you wish to send to the Detector than are permitted in the Detector memory an error message will be output and the data will not be transferred. Also refer to System messages and their meaning 205

. 3.7 Download data from Detector After measuring with the Detector you have to transfer the data to Trendline 3 software. Connect the Detector with the data cable to your PC and switch it on. Now, all data, that is Click on Detector > Load data from Detector or on configurations, time signals and free measurements, are downloaded onto the PC. This process can take several minutes depending on the amount of data. Once all data have been received, they are stored at the respective locations in the database. It can happen that the program does not automatically sort the measuring points, e.g. you have taken free measurements or the configuration on the Detector had been created on a different PC. In this case, the sorting wizard will be started automatically for sorting the measurements into your 86 configuration tree. 85 3.7.1 Sorting Wizard When you start the sorting wizard, Trendline displays an information window showing you why the data cannot be sorted in. Click Next to continue sorting in the data. The next window is subdivided into two parts. On the left-hand side you will find the measuring points not yet sorted, on the right-hand side your configuration structure. Now, there are two possibilities. When a measuring point, which isn't sorted in yet, exists in one of the configurations already, you drag it with the left mouse button from the left window on the measuring point in the configuration. If the two really do match, the mouse cursor changes. You can release the mouse button to insert the measurement. In the status bar you can read why it was not possible to insert at a certain point. 86 Trendline 3 Alternatively, you can use the suggestions of the Trendline software. For this, click on Wizard and select a measuring point from the list of proposals. If the measuring point does not exist in the configuration yet, you again have two possibilities. If you want to add a measuring point to a machine, drag it into the right-hand window onto the machine name it is supposed to be added to. Additionally, you can add new configurations, sections and machines with the buttons as you did, when creating the configuration. For this, see and 87 also "Enter system structure 42

". 3.8 Viewing measuring data 3.8.1 Measured values In the register Measured values the selected measured values are displayed in a table. When a row is printed in bold, then at least one time signal for this measurement is stored. The time, the measured values determined and any pre-

alarms or alarms that may have been output are displayed for each measurement in the measured values view. Limit time range In order to limit the time range of the measured values displayed, select the Time range option. Set the desired start and end date. Changing acquired speed and comment You can also correct rotational speeds in the Measured value view and edit the measured values comment: Proceed as follows:

Click on an entry in the list of measured values. Click Change speed and comment. 88 Enter the new values and click OK. Trendline 3 Displaying measured values in the Viewer You can display one or multiple measured values in the FIS-Viewer Double-click on a measurement to view it in the Viewer. To view multiple measured values, click the desired measured values while 114

. holding the CTRL key. Then double-click one of the selected measurements while holding the SHIFT key. Show/hide bearing data Click the Display bearing data for selected measurement button to display a list

. You can also of bearings assigned to this measuring point in the configuration assign bearings to measurements or delete assignments here. The activation status of a bearing is indicated by the disabled checkbox. Both when making assignments and disabling you can choose whether bearing data should apply or not for all measurements already performed, or only for measurements from a certain period 45 Add bearing Click and select the bearing from the bearing database. 89 Selecting measurements:

o If you want to apply the bearing information to all saved measurements, click Add this bearing to all existing measurements of this measuring point. o To apply the bearing information to measurements in a certain time range, click Add this bearing to all measurements of following timerange and select the time range. In the Bearing configuration section enter the speed transmission ratio and select whether the bearing has a fixed outer race. Disable bearing Click on the bearing to delete and then

. Selecting measurements:

o To delete the bearing information from all saved measurements of this measuring point, click Disable the bearing for all existing measurements of this measuring point. o To delete the bearing information from measurements in a certain time range, click Deactivate bearing for all measurements of following time range and select the time range. Displaying bearing information Click on the desired bearing and then in the bearing database. 90

. This displays the bearing information Trendline 3 See also Evaluating measured data with the FIS-Viewer 114 3.8.2 Graphic On the Diagram tab, Trendline depicts the measured readings in a trend diagram

. The viewer provides a visual with the aid of the integrated FIS-Viewer representation of the signals and characteristic values delivered by the Detector:

Time signals Fast Fourier Transformations (FFTs) Trend data 114 Time range Click on Time range to limit the shown data to a defined period and enter Start date and End date. Alternatively you can select an End date and enter the Number of days. In this case, the Trendline sets the Start date automatically. 91 Fullscreen Click on Fullscreen to view this graphic in the size of your monitor Show additional bearing Click Show additional bearing to select a bearing from the bearing database and display its frequencies in a trend diagram. 68 Toolbar Click Toolbar to show/hide Viewer toolbar. For further information, please refer to the description of the FIS-Viewer in the "Toolbar

" section. 115 Time signal, FFT signal When in a trend diagram a certain value is surrounded by a small circle, then there is at least one time signal for this measurement. You can view this time signal by marking the value with the cursor and then clicking on Time signal/FFT. When there is no time signal for the selected value, then this symbol is grey and cannot be selected. Print time signal, print FFT signal Click these buttons to include the respective signal in the trend report (cf.

"Printing"). Print Click Print to create a trend report. The trend report combines the diagrams of the selected measured data for printing. Each diagram is printed on a separate page. More detailed information on the viewer can be found here 114

. 3.9 Reset Alarm Status In the system structure for each element the Trendline software displays whether an alarm or pre-alarm was measured (also see Main window

). It may be sensible to reset this alarm status if the cause of an alarm has been identified and eliminated. The alarm status must be reset manually by the user as this decision cannot be made by the Trendline software. To reset the alarm status for a configurations element (e.g. machine or motor) and the associated sub-elements, click on the element in the system tree. 30 Then click System > Alarm Status Reset. 92 Trendline 3 Only the status display in the system structure is affected when the alarm status is reset. The measuring data status displays remain unaffected. 88 3.10 Delete measured data You can delete measured data in a set time range in the database. Doing this, the characteristic values (i.e. trend data) and the time signals recorded during that period of time are deleted. To delete data follow the sequence below:

Left-click the element in the configuration tree, starting from which you want to delete the data. E.g. select one machine. All data relating to the measuring points of this machine are deleted for the selected time range. Click on System > Delete measured data or right-click on this point and select delete measured data. Opens the Delete measured data:

Select the date and time for the start and for the end of the required period. Click on Period to deactivate the option and delete all data. 93 Click on OK to delete the data in the period selected. Please observe that the data will be permanently deleted if you click

"OK" in the above window and cannot be restored! There is no way of restoring the data!

3.11 EService The Trendline software enables you now for the first time to utilize the services of FAG Industrial Services GmbH easily and conveniently. Regardless of whether we can assist you with the selection of measuring points or the analysis of the vibration signals recorded by you, the EServices function allows you to send all data necessary to FAG Industrial Services GmbH by e-mail. 3.11.1 Before starting These services are economical, but will be charged for. You will find detailed information on our website http://www.fis-services.de. Or just contact our sales department (Tel. +49-(0)2407-9149-99 or sales@fis-services.de). If you have a valid service contract, you can enter the contract number in the Options menu (

Extras > Options > E-mail). The contract number together with your e-mail address are needed for identification. 3.11.2 Send data Select the element on the configuration tree, starting from which you would like or on Service > EService. Now, the to send the data. Now, click on following window opens. 94 Trendline 3 At the top of the window you can select the time range, which you want to send the data for. If you have unchecked the Time range checkbox all previous data will be sent. Enter at Data to be exported, which data shall be transferred. If no data can be sent via this selection anymore, i.e. if you want to send alarms only, but no alarms are in the selection, the OK button will be disabled. Click on OK now to send the data. Depending on your e-mail settings the data are transferred immediately or they are copied into an Outlook mail, which you will have to send manually. 3.12 Create reports The Trendline software offers the following report types:

The measurement report 96 provides a comprehensive overview of the measured values for the sensors defined in the configuration in tabular and graphic form. You can use the alarm report to create an overview of preliminary and main alarms that have accumulated to date for freely selectable elements in your configuration. 100 102 presents all The route report measuring points and corresponding measurement signals for a given route in the form of checklists. You can systematically and reliably "work through" the measuring point of a route with the aid of the route report. 102 provides you with a clear overview of balancing The balancing report measurements carried out for one element of your configuration. The run up/coast down report 104 creates an overview of the run up/coast down configuration settings and the associated amplitude/phase diagrams. 95 Also see report options 111

. 3.12.1 Measurement report To create a measuring report click on Measurement report in the Service menu. The Configure the report window opens. You can carry out the following in this window:

Select which measuring points from the configuration should be displayed;

Specify the scope and content of the report;

Save the report configuration or load a previously saved configuration. Select measuring points Trendline displays all available measuring point configurations in the left-hand area of the configuration window. 96 Trendline 3 Select individual measuring points to display the corresponding measured values in the report. Click on to select all measuring points. Click on to delete the selection. Scope and content You can specify the settings for the scope and content of the measuring report in the right-hand area of the configuration window:

Specifying a report time range Select the Time range option to define the limits for the report period. Enter the start and end time. Alternatively, you can enter the end time and specify the duration in whole days in the No. of days input field. In the latter case the start time is automatically determined. Alarm selection Pre-alarms and main alarms can be presented either separately or jointly in the report. Click on Report all to select all alarms or, to select individual alarm types, click on Report alarms or Report pre-alarms. Select characteristic values Select which characteristic values should be displayed from the Char. values area. 97 Click on Show trends to create a trend graphic that presents the measured values for the period specified. Click on Selected to display only a selection of available characteristic values and select the required characteristic values from the list. You can use the Show table of results option to instruct Trendline to create a table containing the measured values. Select time signal / FFT In the Time signal / FFT area you can specify which time signals are output and also whether their corresponding frequencies should be displayed in the report. Click on Time signal or FFT to activate the corresponding display. Click on Selected to display only a selection of available signals and select the required signals from the list. Click on Last time signal / FFT only to output only the last signals saved in each case. All previous measurements will be ignored. 98 Trendline 3 Display additional information The following options can be selected in the Additional information area:

Show measuring point pictures to include the pictures inserted in the measuring point configuration 45

Show measuring point comments to include the comments entered in the measuring point configuration 45

Show cover sheet to output a cover sheet. Save / load report settings You can save the report settings for use at a later date. To do this click on the diskette symbol. The Insert configuration name window opens. Enter the name of the configuration to be saved in the Configuration name input field. If this name already exists you can either overwrite the existing configuration or cancel the procedure. Create report Click on Preview to generate the report. Trendline outputs a warning if your chosen settings will cause a substantial report to be generated accompanied by a time-consuming calculation. 99 You still have the option of canceling the operation at this stage in order to reduce the report period or the quantity of data that will be output. You can view the measuring report on-screen or print it out via the Measuring report window. You can use the toolbar to control the screen display:

The display size can be defined in View. Select Percentage adjustment to enter a zoom factor expressed as a percentage in the Percentage input field. You can navigate forwards or backwards through the report and also jump to the start or end of the report using the arrow buttons. Click on to print out the report. 3.12.2 Alarm Report You have the option of displaying main alarms and pre-alarms in an alarm report using the Trendline software. 100 Trendline 3 To do this, select the element in the configuration tree from which you wish to create the report. Click on Service > Alarm report or click on in the Toolbar 33

. Select the Time range option to define the limits for the report period. Enter the start and end time. Alternatively, you can enter the end time and specify the duration in whole days in the Number of days input field. In the latter case the start time is automatically determined. Deactivate the Time range option to incorporate all available data in the report. Click on OK to create the alarm report. You can view the measuring report on-screen or print it out via the Alarm report window. The alarm report incorporates sections for main alarms and pre-alarms. All characteristic values for a given measuring point will be displayed in the main alarm section where at least one main alarm exists for this measuring point. Where a main alarm exists for a characteristic value this is displayed in bold and if a pre-alarm exists this is displayed in italics. If neither a main alarm nor pre-alarm exists the relevant characteristic value is displayed in grey. Where a main alarm exists for a characteristic value, the main alarm threshold is used as reference for the exceeding value, and where a pre-alarm exists the pre-alarm threshold is used as reference. You can use the toolbar to control the screen display:

The display size can be defined in View. Select Percentage adjustment to enter a zoom factor expressed as a percentage in the Percentage input field. You can navigate forwards or backwards through the report and also jump to the 101 start or end of the report using the arrow buttons. Click on to print out the report. 3.12.3 Route report You can use the route report to create an overview of settings and measuring points for a specific route. Click on Route report in the Service menu and select a route that has been defined in your configuration. Click on OK. The Route report window opens. You can use the toolbar to control the screen display:

The display size can be defined in View. Select Percent adjustable to enter a zoom factor expressed as a percentage in the Percent input field. You can navigate forwards or backwards through the report and also jump to the start or end of the report using the arrow buttons. Click on to print out the report. 3.12.4 Balancing report To create a balancing report click on an element of your system structure then click on Balancing report in the Service menu. The Configure report properties window opens. 102 Trendline 3 Print balancing configurations: If this option is selected the settings for the balancing configuration 53 are printed with the report. Print planes: information on the planes is included in the report. Print sensor positions: information on the trigger sensor and vibration sensors is included in the report. Print measurement details: the individual steps of the balancing measurement, the amplitude and phase of the vibration, the time of measurement, the rotational speed and information on weights used are documented in the report. Print measurement coefficients: The coefficients determined during balancing are also displayed. Print measurement results: the start and end of the imbalance amplitude, the imbalance reduction and information on the balance weights determined are included. Click on OK. The Route report window opens. You can use the toolbar to control the screen display:

, please use the other options. 61 Print run up/coast down diagrams: The run up/coast down measured data 63 available for the measuring point are also printed as an amplitude/phase diagram, including any frequency bands. Specifying a report time range Select the Time range option to define the limits for the report period. 104 Trendline 3 Enter the start and end time. Alternatively, you can enter the end time and specify the duration in whole days in the No. of days input field. In the latter case the start time is automatically determined. 3.13 Importing and exporting data 3.13.1 Importing data from a Trendline 3.x database You can import configurations and measuring data from a Trendline 3.x database using the following procedure: Use the following sequence:

Click on File > Import > Trendline 3.x data. Select the file to be imported (*.tr3) and click OK. 3.13.2 Export wizard Flexible selection of export data is possible using the export wizard. You can include pictures and comments, specify a period for the data to be exported or export only selected data objects, for example. To export data proceed as follows:

Click on Export > Export wizard in the File menu. This launches the export wizard which guides you step-by-step through the export function. First select an export file. To do so, click Next decide whether pictures and comments should also be exported. Note that pictures in particular can increase file size dramatically. Make sure that there is enough memory available. and enter a file name. Now decide whether Trendline should export All Data or just a Selection. If you select All data the exported file may be very large. Finally, you can limit the data to be exported by selecting Not yet exported data only and/or Only meas. positions with alarm conditons. Click on Finish to apply your settings and create the export file. 105 3.13.3 Export a measuring point You can export the data assigned to an individual measuring point to a text file to edit them with another program. The Trendline software saves the export files in one or several files in CSV format ("comma separated values"), i.e. data on a line are separated by commas. You can open files in CSV format with any common spreadsheet software to get a clear overview of the data in a table. In addition to the measuring point data proper, the Trendline software also saves a file called "VersionInfo.csv" containing details on the program version and the database used. Proceed as follows to save a measuring point:

Click on the measuring point in the configuration tree. Click on File > Export > Measuring Point. Select the directory where you want to save the file and enter a file name. The program automatically adds the .csv ("comma separated variables") extension. Click on OK to export the data. Below is a description of the contents of the export file depending on the type of measuring point. Measuring point from a Cm configuration If you export a measuring point from a CM configuration, the Trendline software saves a general export file with details of the configuration and other files with the time signals. The general export file contains a line for each measurement containing the following:

Heading idx State Timestamp Velocity Contents Measurement identification number. Alarm Status: 0 no alarm, 1 pre-alarm, 2 main alarm Measurement timestamp. Export file with velocity time signal (the signal is an acceleration signal, see alsoTime signals Export file with the acceleration time signal. 211

"). Acceleration Demodulation Data x Name x Type x Prealarm x 106 Export file with the demodulation time signal. Characteristic value measured Name of characteristic value Type of characteristic value 15

. Pre-alarm threshold in % of the main alarm threshold. Trendline 3 Heading Alarm x Measuring point export_timestamp Comment used_revolution config_revolution_delta config_revolution revolution viewer_config_x Contents Main alarm threshold. Name of measuring point Export time Measuring point comment The rotational speed input by the user after the measurement. This value is identical to the rotational speed actually measured until it is changed. The maximum rotational speed deviation set in the measuring point configuration The rotational speed set in the measuring point configuration. The rotational speed measured on the Detector. Configuration data for the FIS-Viewer. The entries "Name", "Type", "Prealarm", "Alarm" and "Data" are created for every existing characteristic value, i.e. a maximum of four times. x designates the serial number of the characteristic value. The entries "Velocity", "Acceleration" and "Demodulation" refer to other CSV files with the data of the measured time signals. The time signal files are structured as follows:

The file header contains the data. Contents Heading idx Measurement identification number. Internal Number Timestamp ValueUnit Time stamp . Internal number identifying the measuring point. length Ampl Scale factor Sample rate Rotational speed Detector channel (velocity, acceleration or demodulation) of the measurement, as a figure and in plain text. Column 1: Internal control index, Column 2: Number of FFT lines set in the configuration. Amplifier setting used in the measurement. Amplification factor = 2Ampl, where 0 means amplification factor 1, 6 amplification factor 64. This constant is already considered in the time signal values. Scale factor for the measurement. This has been worked into the time signal value already just as well. Samples per Second. The rotational speed measured on the Detector. 107 Heading GUID Timesignal count /

FFT count Contents Global unique identification number of the measuring point. Number of time signals and FFT values The time signals and FFT values are stored in four columns under the header. o Column 1 contains the time of the measurement in seconds from the start of the time signal, column 2 contains the time signal measurement. o Column 3 contains the frequencies of the FFT in Hz, column 4 the amplitudes. Measuring point from a balancing configuration If you export a measuring point from a balancing configuration, the Trendline software saves a general export file with details on the configuration, the balancing jobs and the weights. In addition, the program creates one file per balancing step

("Data File<n>.csv") containing the associated sensor data. Name of measuring point Number of the balancing job. Contents Export file with the sensor data. The general export file contains the following details:

Heading Data File Balancing measurepoint Job Number App. weight 1 amplitude App. weight 1 angle App. weight 2 amplitude App. weight 2 angle comment step_type_text remove_weights_text Measurement comment. Indicates what weights were removed. Amplitude of the weight used in plane 1. Amplitude of the weight used in plane 2. Position angle of the weight used in plane 1. Position angle of the weight used in plane 2. Type of balancing step (reference run, trial run, etc.). The sensor data files contain the following details:

Heading Sensor position Amp. Coeff. plane 1 Ph. Coeff. plane 1 Contents Name of sensor position. Angle of the coefficients in plane 1. Amplitude of the coefficients in plane 1. 108 Trendline 3 Heading Amp. Coeff. plane 2 Ph. Coeff. plane 2 Speed Amplitude Phase Timestamp export_timestamp Contents Amplitude of the coefficients in plane 2. Angle of the coefficients in plane 2. Rotational speed. Amplitude of the vibration. Phase of the vibration. Measurement timestamp. Export time Measuring point from a run up/coast down configuration If you export a Measuring point from a balancing configuration, the Trendline software saves a file containing the values of the amplitude/phase diagram in addition to a general export file with details of the configuration. Name of measuring point Contents Identification number The general export file contains the following details:

Heading id Run up / cost down measuring point timestamp Comment No. data points bodeplot data file export timestamp Measurement timestamp Measurement comment Export time Number of values measured in run up/coast down. File with values from the amplitude/phase diagram The file with the amplitude/phase diagram values contains the following details for each diagram value:

Heading Amplitude Phase Frequency Contents Vibration amplitude Phase of the vibration Rotational speed 109 3.13.4 Import and export between different workstations In Trendline every measuring point in the database has a unique number, the so-

called GUID (Global Unique Identifier). This number is only stored in the database and is not displayed in the software. With it, configurations and measuring points are unambiguous over several workstations. Consequently when exporting data from one workstation and re importing it, it will be automatically recognized and sorted in correctly. This will be explained by means of an example. On a central location (headquarters) all measured data is analyzed. However it is measured on several locations. This exports a part of the configuration containing the measuring points for location B and imports it to a computer at location B in Trendline. The data are imported into the Detector, the measuring points are measured, and the measured data are read back into the computer. The configuration is now exported from workstation B and imported into the Trendline on the workstation in headquarters. The following graph shows the example graphically. export configuration Workstation A Central database import configuration export configuration import configuration import configuration Workstation B Location B export configuration import configuration Workstation C Location C export configuration load configuration onto Detector read measured data Detector Location B load configuration onto Detector read measured data Detector Location C Import and export between different workstations 3.14 Program settings 3.14.1 General Click on Options in the Tools menu then click on General in the Options window. Name Click on Name to specify how new configurations, sections, routes, etc. should be named when you click on New entry or New sub-entry. Please note that balancing plane identifiers on the Detector is limited to four characters. 110 Trendline 3 Language Click on the Language selection box and select the dialogue language for the Trendline software. System of units setting In this section you can set the units system for the measured values listed. The following options are available:

Standard SI units, Standard US units or User-defined units. When making these settings you can assign units to each measured variable individually from the range of available units. 3.14.2 Database Click on Options in the Tools menu then click on Database > History in the Options window. You can specify the number of entries the list of most recently opened databases should contain at the Number field in the File menu. The default value is 10. 3.14.3 Report Click on Options in the Tools menu then click on Report > Pictures in the Options window. You can specify what pictures to print on a Trendline report The pictures are scaled automatically for the printout. If you select a picture in the Vignette area this is printed at the bottom of the cover sheet on the left. You can specify which picture is to be printed in the center of the cover sheet in the Large picture area. In the Logo section you can specify what logo to print on the top right of all pages except for the cover sheet. cover sheet here. 95 Click Edit and select the desired graphics file. Trendline displays a preview and the file name. 111 To remove a graphic file again click on Delete. 3.14.4 E-mail In order for Trendline to be able to send data by e-mail (see also EService Automatic export 113 the contract number. Go to the Tools menu and click on Options then click on E-mail >

), you must enter the name of the sender, the recipient and Configuration in the Options window. Enter your own e-mail address in From. Enter the e-mail address specified in the contract (e.g. nemo@fis-services.de) in 94 To and the number of your service contract in Contract number. You can enter a text in the Comment field which will appear by default when the e-mail window is opened. Additional settings Click Configure to set the protocol for Trendline to send e-mails. Trendline supports Microsoft Outlook, MAPI or SMTP. To obtain the correct settings consult your network administrator. 112 Trendline 3 To test whether e-mails are being transferred correctly click on Test connection

. 3.14.5 Data view To edit program settings for data display (Viewer), in the Tools menu click Options, then in the Options window click Data view > Configuration >

Configure. This opens the Configuration window of the Viewer. For further details, refer to Viewer section "Program settings 160

". 3.14.6 Automatic export The Trendline software can automatically export data from CM measurements 182 as soon as the Detector receives them. It can automatically send the exported data by e-mail or save them to a compressed ZIP file. Click on Options in the Tools menu then click on Automatic export in the Options window. E-mail export Click on Automatic to switch on the automatic export and subsequent dispatch by e-mail. Click on Only on alarms to carry out the automatic e-mail export only if the data received from the Detector contains alarms. File export Click on Automatic to instruct the software to export data automatically to a file. Click on Only on alarms to carry out the automatic file export only if the data received from the Detector contains alarms. In Default file name (.tr3) enter a name for the ZIP file to be saved. The file name must include the ".zip" extension. Select the storage location for the exported file at Default directory. 113 4 The FIS-Viewer 4.1 The working interface 4.1.1 Interface areas The toolbar 115 contains various tools which can be used to arrange the diagrams and display/remove the tool area and diagram information bar as well as other tools which can be used to export measurement data, display the corresponding configuration for the data set selected and create a measurement report. You will find a range of navigation tools in the tools working area which can be used to modify the way in which the diagrams are presented and also find a number of different cursor tools for carrying out fault analyses. The choice of tools which can be used varies according to the type of diagrams displayed

(FFTs, time signals or trend data). 116 The main area of the working interface contains the diagram and the cursor area in which the corresponding values for the 122 and measuring information 123 cursor selected are displayed. You will find additional information in the diagram information bar

(on measurement data for example) depending on the diagram type displayed. You can use the tools in this working area to do the following:

o enter comments into the diagram o select frequency bands with FFTs in order to determine characteristic values 125 o determine the maximum, harmonic or sideband values from the diagram for the fault analysis depending on the cursor type The diagram information bar area for each diagram can be displayed or removed as required and can be used to increase the diagram area. 114 The FIS-Viewer 4.1.2 Toolbar You can use the Arrange windows horizontally button to arrange open windows vertically above one another in the working area of the Viewer. You can use the Cascade windows button to arrange open windows so they overlap in the working area of the Viewer. You can use the Full screen display of current diagram button to fill the entire screen of the Viewer working area with the current diagram selected. You can use the Arrange minimized windows button to arrange minimized windows horizontally from left to right in the working area of the Viewer. If the Arrange diagrams automatically button is activated the size of the diagram always adjusts automatically to fit the available working area (when the tool area is displayed or removed, for example). You can view a list of the windows that are currently open and make your selection using the Display diagram list button. The selected diagrams are arranged 115 horizontally and the rest of the diagrams are minimized. You can use the Display tool area button to display/remove the tool area in the working interface of the Viewer. You can display/remove the information bars of all open diagrams using the Display diagram information bars. You can open a list of the windows that are currently open using the Copy selected diagrams to clipboard button. From this list you can also select whether the accompanying information text should be copied together with the diagram and define the size of the diagram. The diagrams selected are copied together to the clipboard as one graphic object. You can use the button Show time signals to only show the time signal windows. All other windows will be minimized. You can use the button Show FFT to only show the FFT windows. All other windows will be minimized. You can use the Show all diagrams to maximize all diagram windows. 4.1.3 Tools The tools area contains a range of adjustments which you can use to set the display area for the diagrams. A range of different individually tailored tools is available depending on the type of data set displayed (time signals, FFT or trend data). These tools can be used for example to do the following:

display/remove individual signals within a series of signals when working with trend data, modify the scale of measuring ranges, integrate the velocity and displacement from the acceleration, modify the display of the measuring range to suit your individual requirements and navigate through a diagram easily using the navigation overview. 116 The FIS-Viewer List of the tools available in conjunction with the corresponding diagram type displayed. Tool FFT Time signal 128 128 128 Automatic scaling Manual scaling Logarithmic display of axes Integration of Y axis Free zoom Horizontal zoom Vertical zoom Keyboard zoom Base cursor 132 132 132 132 128 P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P Trend data P P P P P P P P 117 Tool Difference cursor RMS/AMV cursor Harmonic cursor Sideband cursor HS cursor Revolutions cursor Positioning of base cursor Modify cursor properties Copy to clipboard Modify coordinates of axes Time signal FFT P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P Trend data P P P P P Zoom tools In order to optimise the display you can enlarge any part of the diagram using the various zoom tools. You can use one of the predefined zoom tools for this or define the zoom area numerically via a dialogue window. Sym-

bol Description You can use the Free zoom tool to enlarge any given rectangular area on the X and Y axis within a diagram. Zoom tools Tool Free zoom 118 The FIS-Viewer Tool Horizontal zoom Vertical zoom Keyboard zoom Sym-

bol Description You can enlarge any part of a diagram in a horizontal direction using the Horizontal zoom tool. The range of values and scaling of the Y axis remain unchanged. You can enlarge an area inside a diagram in a vertical direction using the Vertical zoom tool. The range of values and scaling of the X axis remain unchanged. You can use the Keyboard zoom feature to enlarge an area of the diagram using the keyboard instead of the mouse. Specifying zoom selection in dialogue window In addition to using the various zoom tools you can also specify the zoom selection via a dialogue window. To open the dialogue window which is currently active click on the zoom tool symbol. The boundary values can be entered in the numeric input fields for the zoom selection to be displayed. Cursor tools You can specify the values from a diagram to be used for an analysis with the cursor tools. Depending on the type of diagram which has been opened 119 appropriate cursor tools are made available which can be used to obtain individual measuring and characteristic values directly from the diagram. Information on the current cursor is displayed above the diagram. These value fields and the cursor itself can be removed/displayed by clicking on the cursor tool symbol that is currently active. 120 The FIS-Viewer Tool Sym-

bol Description Base cursor

(FFT, Trend data) Time signals, Difference cursor

(FFT, Trend data) Time signals, RMS/AMV cursor

(FFT, Time signals) Harmonic cursor

(FFT) Sideband cursor

(FFT) HS cursor

(FFT) Revolutions cursor

(FFT, Time signals You can use the base cursor to determine the measured values on the X and Y axis of a measuring point. You can use the difference cursor to calculate the difference between two measured values. You can calculate the RMS (root mean square/effective value) and the AMV (arithmetic average) between two measuring points using the RMS/AMV cursor. You can use the harmonic cursor to determine measured values at points in the diagram where harmonics (multiples of the basic frequency) are likely to occur. You can use the sideband cursor to determine additional measured values in definable sidebands starting from the base cursor. The HS cursor (Harmonic with Sidebands) combines both cursor types described above which means that both the harmonics and their sidebands will be displayed. The revolutions cursor marks the frequency that is assigned to a specific speed with a line. The value for this speed is calculated as follows:

Un min

]Hz 60 f A cursor can only be placed at a measuring point that exists. If you click on a position in the diagram where no measured value exists the cursor automatically jumps to the nearest existing measuring point. Additional tools In addition to the zoom and cursor tools you can use a range of further tools to change the manner in which signals or cursors are displayed and transfer data to other programs via the clipboard. Tool Sym-

bol Description Positioning of cursor base Places the base cursor at a point in the diagram specified via numeric input. The base cursor jumps to the measuring point nearest 121 Cursor properties Clipboard Modify coordinates of axes the value entered. Opens the cursor properties dialogue window where you can change the properties of the cursor currently used. Copies an image of the current diagram view into the clipboard (

further information 151

). Changes the display of minimum/maximum values for the X and Y axis (further information 151

). 4.1.4 Diagram display The diagram area shows the FFT, time signals and trend data diagrams. You can specify the desired zoom area inside the diagrams and adjust the position of the cursor using the mouse or keyboard. A description of the various zoom and cursor types is provided at Cursor and measuring information 123

. 122

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The FIS-Viewer 4.1.5 Cursor and measuring information The cursor information for the Viewer shows important values and measurement data that vary depending on the cursor tool used. Each item of cursor information contains either the value pairs for a measured value or calculated characteristic values that are obtained by combining different cursors within the diagram such as the difference cursor or RMS/AMV cursor. The cursor information can be displayed or removed with Ctrl + U for each diagram. The measuring information for the Viewer shows important measurement data according to the diagram type. This measuring information is always visible in the diagram and cannot be removed. 123 The table below shows the corresponding values displayed in the cursor information for the currently active cursor type:

124 The FIS-Viewer Cursor type Cursor information displayed Base cursor Difference cursor RMS/AMV cursor Harmonic cursor Sideband cursor HS cursor Revolutions cursor 4.1.6 The diagram information bar You can find the diagram information bar in the right-hand column of the working area. This column contains additional information on the diagram currently selected and can be displayed or removed as required. 125 The table below provides an overview of the corresponding information displayed with the active cursor type for FTT diagrams in the diagram information bar:

Base cursor Difference cursor RMS/AMV cursor P P P P P P P P P P P P Information displayed in the diagram information bar Diagram information Comments Frequency bands Highest peaks Harmonic Sidebands 126 The FIS-Viewer Information displayed in the diagram information bar Diagram information Comments Frequency bands Highest peaks Harmonic Sidebands Harmonic cursor Sideband cursor HS cursor P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P Information displayed in the diagram information bar Diagram information Comments Frequency bands Highest peaks Harmonic Sidebands Revolutions cursor P P P P Diagram information and comments for time signals and trend diagrams are displayed in the diagram information bar irrespective of the cursor type selected. Further, information on the alarm values of the data set currently open is displayed in the trend diagrams. Diagram information This field contains general information on the measurement data including Information on the measuring process such as the low pass or sampling frequency settings Further information included in the data sets. 127 4.2 Working with the Viewer 4.2.1 Displaying several diagrams simultaneously You can open several diagrams in the Viewer simultaneously and arrange these in the working area according to your requirements. Select one of the following options from the Diagrams menu: Tile horizontally, Cascade, Full screen, Arrange minimized windows or List. The windows are rearranged accordingly. 4.2.2 Modifying the appearance of a diagram Displaying and removing signals When a new data set is opened the Viewer simultaneously displays all signals contained in the data. All series of measurements included in the current data set are listed in the signals field. 128 The FIS-Viewer Click on the checkbox in front of the signal. This signal will be displayed or removed. Automatic scaling of axes The diagram axes can be set to the nearest thousand scaling (10) using the Automatic scaling option. Using the basic unit of the diagram as the starting point the nearest smaller unit (g mg or m mm, for example) is selected for measured values < 1, or conversely, the nearest larger unit is selected (ms s or Hz kHz, for example) for values > 1000. 1. Click the "Auto" checkbox to activate it. The scaling of the diagram will be adjusted automatically. 129 Manual scaling of axes You can select one of the specified, equivalent axes scaling units independently by deactivating the Automatic scaling option. The available scaling units depend on the type of diagram (Hz or kHz with FFTs for frequencies, g, mg, m/s or mm/s for acceleration values, s or ms for time signals, etc.). The scaling for the axes can be set independently of one another, i.e. you can specify any desired unit for the X and Y axes respectively. 1. Click the "Auto" checkbox to deactivate it. 2. Select one of the units provided in the X unit field. 3. Select one of the units provided in the Y unit field. The scaling of the axes is carried out independently of one another and can be modified in accordance with the setting selected. Logarithmic scaling of the Y axis It may be possible under certain conditions to present signals more clearly using a logarithmic scale if they do not contain zero values or negative values. You can therefore switch over to logarithmic scaling in the diagram. 130 The FIS-Viewer 1. Click on the "log" checkbox to activate the logarithmic scaling of the Y axis. The scaling of the diagram will be modified according to the settings selected. This option is deactivated if the measurement data cannot be presented logarithmically (if the measurement data contain values smaller than or equal to zero, for example). Displaying Y axis integrations You have a number of display options for the integration of signals in FFT diagrams that contain an acceleration signal, for example:

No integration: acceleration Velocity Displacement 1. Click on the Velocity option to display the first signal integration. 2. Click on the Displacement option to display the second signal integration. 3. Click on the None option to restore to the standard signal display (acceleration). The scaling and display of the diagram will be modified in accordance with the 131 chosen settings. Once you have selected the integration option for the Y axis you can also modify the scaling of the axes here (automatic, manual or logarithmic) and display any desired part of the diagram using the zoom tools. 4.2.3 Using the mouse to control the cursor or zoom function 1. You can position the various cursors using the left-hand mouse button. 2. You can adjust the zoom selection setting using the right-hand mouse button. 4.2.4 Zoom tools 1. Select one of the zoom tools from the selection list. 2. Mark a zoom area in the diagram using the right-hand mouse button. Your selection is marked in the diagram. 3. Right click on the diagram if you wish to return to the previous zoom selection. 4. If you wish to return to the full view of the diagram hold the Shift button down and right click on the diagram 132 The FIS-Viewer Free zoom Free zoom symbol:

You can use the Free zoom tool to enlarge any chosen rectangular area within a diagram:

1. Select the Free zoom tool from the zoom tool selection list using the mouse or press the F9 button. 2. Keeping the right-hand mouse button pressed down, drag the mouse across the section of the diagram you wish to enlarge. The zoom selection is now marked dark blue in the diagram. 3. Release the right-hand mouse button. Your selection is marked in the diagram. 4. Right click once again on the diagram if you wish to return to the previous zoom selection. or 5. To return to the full view of the diagram hold the Shift button down and right click 133 on the diagram Horizontal zoom Horizontal zoom symbol:

You can enlarge any part of a diagram in a horizontal direction using the Horizontal zoom tool. The range of values and scaling of the Y axis remain unchanged:

1. Select the Horizontal zoom tool from the zoom tool selection list using the mouse or press the F10 button. 2. Keeping the right-hand mouse button pressed down, drag the mouse across the horizontal section of the diagram you wish to enlarge. The zoom selection is now marked dark blue in the diagram. 3. Release the right-hand mouse button. Your selection is marked in the diagram. 4. Right click once again on the diagram if you wish to return to the previous zoom selection. 134 The FIS-Viewer or 5. To return to the full view of the diagram hold the Shift button down and right click on the diagram Vertical zoom Vertical zoom symbol:

You can enlarge an area inside a diagram in a vertical direction using the Vertical zoom tool. The range of values and scaling of the X axis remain unchanged:

1. Select the Vertical zoom tool from the zoom tool selection list using the mouse or press the F11 button. 2. Keeping the right-hand mouse button pressed down, drag the mouse across the vertical section of the diagram you wish to enlarge. The zoom selection is now marked dark blue in the diagram. 3. Release the right-hand mouse button. Your selection is marked in the diagram. 135 4. Right click once again on the diagram if you wish to return to the previous zoom selection. or 5. To return to the full view of the diagram hold the Shift button down and right click on the diagram Keyboard zoom Keyboard zoom symbol:

You can use the keyboard zoom feature to enlarge an area of the diagram using the keyboard instead of the mouse. 1. Select the Keyboard zoom tool from the zoom tool selection list using the mouse or press the F12 button. 2. Use the Q and W buttons to shift the start of the zoom selection. 3. Use the A and S buttons to shift the end of the zoom selection. 4. Use the Y and X buttons to shift the highlighted zoom selection to the right or the left. 5. You can enlarge a section of the diagram by pressing Enter (zoom in). 6. You can reduce a section of the diagram by pressing Backspace (zoom out). 7. You can return to the full view of the diagram by pressing the space bar. Defining the zoom selection by inputting values 1. Click the left-hand mouse button on the current zoom tool. The zoom selection dialogue window opens and shows the current settings for the boundary values. 136 The FIS-Viewer 2. Enter a minimum and a maximum value for the X axis. 3. Then enter a minimum and a maximum value for the Y axis. 4. Click on "OK". The diagram displays your defined zoom selection. 4.2.5 Cursor tools A cursor can be positioned in the diagram by clicking near a measured value or moved by dragging the dotted vertical line along the diagram axis keeping the mouse button pressed down. Sliding cursors are always represented by a dotted vertical line whereas fixed cursors or automatically calculated data displays are represented by a continuous vertical line. Base cursor You can use the base cursor to determine the measured values on the X and Y axis of a measuring point. To do this, place a base cursor at any desired measuring point in the diagram. The corresponding measured values are displayed in the cursor information. 137 1. Select the base cursor option from the cursor selection list or press the F2 button. 2. Position the base cursor by left clicking the mouse near a measuring point in the diagram. The base cursor jumps to the nearest measuring point in the diagram. The current position in the diagram is represented by a vertical dotted line. The measured values for this measuring point are displayed in the cursor information above the diagram. Difference cursor You can use the difference cursor to calculate the difference between two measured values. To do this, place the base cursor and a difference cursor at the desired measuring points in the diagram. The distance between the cursors is indicated by a coloured bar directly above the X axis. Both measured values obtained via the cursors and the resulting differential values are displayed in the cursor information. 138 The FIS-Viewer 1. Select the difference cursor option from the cursor selection list or press the F3 button. The base cursor and the difference cursor are displayed in the diagram, these are connected by a coloured bar that runs along and slightly above the X axis. 2. You can place the base cursor at any desired measuring point in the diagram by clicking the left-hand mouse button. 3. You can position the difference cursor at any desired measuring point in the diagram by clicking the left-hand mouse button with the Shift button pressed down. The cursor information above the diagram displays the measured values for the base cursor and difference cursor as well as the delta value. RMS/AMV cursor You can calculate the RMS (root mean square/effective value) and the AMV (arithmetic mean value) between two measuring points using the RMS/AMV cursor. To do this, place the base cursor and an additional averaging cursor at any desired measuring point in the diagram. The distance between the cursors is indicated by a coloured bar directly above the X axis. Both measured values obtained via the cursors and the resulting mean values are displayed in the cursor information. 139 1. Select the RMS/AMV cursor option from the cursor selection list or press the F4 button. The base cursor and the averaging cursor are displayed in the diagram, these are connected by a coloured bar that runs along the X axis and slightly above it. 2. You can place the base cursor at any desired measuring point in the diagram by clicking the left-hand mouse button. 3. You can position the RMS/AMV cursor at any desired measuring point in the diagram by clicking the left-hand mouse button with the Shift button pressed down. The measured values of the base cursor, the averaging cursor as well as the arithmetic and RMS value for the area specified are displayed in the cursor information above the diagram Harmonic cursor You can use the harmonic cursor to determine whether harmonics are present in the diagram (integer multiple of a vibration). To do this, place the base cursor at any desired measuring point in the diagram. The harmonics are displayed in each case as continuous vertical lines. The corresponding measured values are displayed at the upper end of the vertical lines and the measured values for the base cursor are displayed in the cursor information. 140 The FIS-Viewer 1. Select the harmonic cursor option from the cursor selection list or press the F5 button. The base cursor and vertical lines are displayed at the harmonic of the basic frequency. 2. You can shift the base cursor to any desired measuring point in the diagram using the left-hand mouse button. When the position of the harmonic cursor is changed the harmonics are automatically shifted. The cursor information above the diagram displays the measured values for the base cursor and the micro-increments set. The measured values of the harmonics are each displayed vertically as text next to the corresponding vertical line. Sideband cursor You can use the sideband cursor to determine additional measured values in definable sidebands starting from the base cursor. To do this, the base cursor must first of all be placed at any desired measuring point in the diagram. You can then shift the nearest sideband to another measuring point in the diagram. All other sidebands displayed are simultaneously adjusted. 141 1. Select the sideband cursor option from the cursor selection list or press the F6 button. The base cursor and vertical lines are displayed at the sidebands of the frequency. 2. You can use the left-hand mouse button to shift the base cursor to any desired measuring point in the diagram and also modify the position of the sidebands. The cursor information above the diagram displays the measured values for the base cursor as well as the differential delta of the sideband frequencies. The measured values of the sidebands are each displayed vertically as text next to the corresponding vertical line. HS cursor The HS cursor (Harmonic with Sidebands) combines both cursor types described above which means that the measured values of the harmonics and their sidebands will be displayed. 142 The FIS-Viewer 1. Select the HS cursor option from the cursor selection list or press the F7 button. The base cursor and vertical line are displayed at each harmonic of the base cursor frequency as well as its sidebands. 2. You can use the left-hand mouse button to shift the base cursor to any desired measuring point in the diagram and also modify the position of the sidebands. The cursor information above the diagram displays the measured values for the base cursor as well as the differential delta of the sideband frequencies. The measured values of the harmonics are each displayed vertically as text next to the corresponding vertical line. Revolutions cursor The revolutions cursor places a mark at the frequency that is assigned to a specific speed. The value for this speed is calculated as follows:

velocity frequency

rpmn

]Hz

= 60

f 1. Select the revolutions cursor option from the cursor selection list or press the F8 button. The "revolutions cursor" dialogue opens. 2. Activate or deactivate the options for the cursor settings in the "revolutions cursor" dialogue. 3. Enter any desired speed in the rpm field and click OK. The revolutions cursor is displayed in different ways depending on the diagram type (FFT or time signal):

In a FFT diagram a single revolutions cursor is displayed at the point previously specified for the speed in the dialogue. The cursor information above the diagram shows the base cursor value as well as the speed setting. 143 For a time signal a speed field with a series of revolutions cursors is displayed. In this case the individual lines correspond to an additional revolution before or after the current position of the base cursor. If you move the base cursor or position it at another measuring point the speed field moves automatically with it. 4.2.6 Positioning of base cursor You can position the base cursor at a point in the diagram defined via numeric input in the base cursor positioning dialogue box. The base cursor jumps to the nearest measuring point. 144 The FIS-Viewer 1. Click on the base cursor positioning symbol. The base cursor positioning dialogue is displayed. 2. Select the "Position cursor at nearest measuring point:" option and enter any desired value inside the diagram area in the input field. or 3. Select the "Position cursor at measuring point index:" option and enter an index value for the corresponding measured value in the input field. 4. Click on "OK". The base cursor is now positioned at the point you entered numerically. 4.2.7 Modifying the cursor properties You can change the properties of the cursor currently selected using the cursor properties dialogue. 1. Click on the Cursor properties symbol. A dialogue opens that shows the properties of the cursor tool that is currently selected. 2. Activate or deactivate the relevant fields in the dialogue window and pick one of the values in the selection boxes or enter the required value in the input fields provided. 3. Click on "OK". The cursor properties are adopted and saved. General cursor properties You can modify the general cursor options described below. These properties apply for all available cursor types and can be activated or deactivated in the dialogue window shown below. 145 Next maximum Show peaks Displaying units in information boxes Switched on: the cursor jumps to the maximum value which is nearest the mouse pointer. If no maximum value can be found in the vicinity of the mouse the cursor remains in its previous position. Switched off: the cursor jumps precisely to the measuring point in the diagram which is nearest the mouse pointer. Switched on: in addition to the vertical lines current symbols are used to label measured values at the characteristic points of the various cursors in the diagram. Switched off: the symbols that identify measured values at characteristic points are removed. However, the vertical lines remain displayed. This option only is only relevant for the cursor information display which must also be switched on. Switched on: numerical values and units for the current cursor are displayed in the information boxes at cursor information. Switched off: only the numerical values for the current cursor are displayed in the information boxes at cursor information. Modifying the properties of the base cursor When using the base cursor you can only modify the general cursor options 146 The FIS-Viewer described in Modify the cursor properties corresponding checkboxes in the dialogue window. 145

. To do this, activate or deactivate the Modifying the properties of the difference cursor When using the difference cursor you can only modify the general cursor options

. To do this, activate or deactivate the described in Modify the cursor properties corresponding checkboxes in the dialogue window. 145 Modifying the properties of the RMS/AMV cursor Similarly, when using the RMS/AMV cursor you can only modify the general cursor

. To do this, activate or options described in Modify the cursor properties deactivate the corresponding fields in the dialogue window. 145 Changing the properties of the harmonic cursor In addition to the general cursor options described in Modify the cursor properties you can also modify the additional options for the harmonic cursor (described 145 below). To do this, activate or deactivate the appropriate fields in the dialogue window or select the value required from the selection boxes. Cursor type

"Standard"

The harmonics are precisely calculated for the current cursor. The indicators for the harmonics are set so they locate the nearest measured value for the harmonics calculated. Micro-increments 147 Cursor type

"Fault-tolerant search"

Micro-increments are necessary to allow the basic frequency to be more precisely defined. In this selection box you can enter the increment between two measured points that will be used to specify the basic frequency and also calculate the harmonic. The harmonics are precisely calculated for the current cursor. The indicators for the harmonics are set so they locate the nearest maximum value for the harmonics calculated. Nearest points The Viewer calculates the precise mathematic values of the harmonic. The intelligent cursor analyses the number of nearest points specified in this field (measuring points in the diagram in both directions) for maximum values and positions the indicator for the harmonic at the nearest maximum value. Calculated harmonic Coordinates Vertical lines You can enter the number of harmonics that must be calculated in each case in this field. Switched on: the coordinates (value pairs) of the harmonics are displayed in the diagram. Switched off: the coordinates (value pairs) of the harmonics are removed from the diagram. Switched on: the harmonics are identified in the diagram using the cursor symbol and a vertical line. Switched off: the harmonics are identified using only the corresponding cursor symbol. Modifying the properties of the sideband cursor In addition to the general cursor options described in Modify the cursor properties you can also modify additional options of the sideband cursor (described 145 148 The FIS-Viewer below). To do this, activate or deactivate the appropriate fields in the dialogue window or select the value required from the selection boxes. Nearest points Number of sidebands In this field you can enter the number of sidebands that must be calculated for the current cursor in each case. The Viewer calculates the precise mathematic values of the sidebands. The number of nearest points specified in this field (existing measuring points in the diagram) are then analysed for maximum values and the sideband marker is positioned at the nearest maximum value. Displaying coordinates Switched on: the measured values of the respective sidebands on the X and Y axes are displayed at the vertical lines. Switched off: the measured values of the sidebands are removed from the display. Switched on: the harmonics are identified in the diagram using the cursor symbol and a vertical line. Switched off: the harmonics are identified using only the corresponding cursor symbol. Displaying lines vertical Changing the properties of the HS cursor In addition to the general cursor options described in Modify the cursor properties you can also modify the additional options for the HS cursor (described 145 below). To do this, activate or deactivate the appropriate fields in the dialogue window or select the value required from the selection boxes. 149 Calculated harmonic Nearest points Number points of nearest You can enter the number of harmonics that must be calculated in each case in this field. Each harmonic is determined precisely using a mathematical process. You can enter the number of nearest points to the left and right of the harmonic identified to be analysed for maximum values. The highest value in each case is then labelled as a harmonic and displayed. Each sideband is also determined precisely using a mathematical process. You can enter the number of nearest points to the left and right of the sideband identified to be analysed for maximum values. The highest value in each case is then labelled as a sideband and displayed. Displaying coordinates Switched on: the measured value for each harmonic and sideband on the X and Y axes is displayed at the vertical line. Switched off: the measured values of the harmonics and sidebands are removed from the display. the harmonics and sidebands are Switched on:

identified in the diagram using the cursor symbol and a vertical line. Switched off:

identified using only the corresponding cursor symbol. the harmonics and sidebands are Displaying lines vertical Modifying the properties of the revolutions cursor In addition to the general cursor options described in Modify the cursor properties 150 The FIS-Viewer you can also modify the additional option for the revolutions cursor this is 145 described below. To do this, activate or deactivate the appropriate fields in the dialogue window or enter the appropriate value in the input field. Rpm 4.2.8 Other tools Enter a speed [rpm] in the input field. The Viewer uses this value to calculate the corresponding frequency and positions the revolutions cursor at the appropriate location in the diagram. Copying a diagram as a graphic to the clipboard You can use this tool to copy the current diagram view to the clipboard. 1. Click on the Copy diagram to clipboard symbol. 2. Switch to the application in which you wish to insert the image. 3. Select the Paste option from the Edit menu for the application or use the shortcut Ctrl+V Modifying coordinates of axes You can use this tool to change the minimum/maximum values displayed on the X and Y axis. 1. Click on the Modify diagram limits symbol. The "Modify maximum values" dialogue is displayed. 151 2. Enter a new minimum/maximum value for the X and/or Y axis in the corresponding fields. 3. If you click on the Reset button the original maximum value of axes is determined from the actual measurement data and reset. 4. If the settings also need to be adopted for other diagrams in the group or for those of the same type then select the required option under Additional options. 5. Click on "OK". The diagram (and other diagrams if relevant) is displayed with the chosen settings applied. 4.2.9 Using the diagram information bar Displaying the diagram information bar The diagram information bar contains additional information on the diagram displayed and outputs the relevant characteristic measured values in tabular form depending on the cursor selected. There a number of ways in which the diagram information bar can be displayed. 152 The FIS-Viewer Adjusting the default setting for the diagram information bar display via the options The default setting for the diagram information bar display can be adjusted via the options. The adjustments can be made for each diagram type individually (FFT, time signal or trend data). This default setting is used when new diagrams are opened. 1. Click the mouse on the Extras menu. 2. Select the Options menu item. The options dialogue opens. 3. Select the Diagrams heading in the left-hand column. Open the navigation menu by clicking the mouse on the "+" symbol. 4. Select the required diagram type (FFT viewer, time signal viewer or trend viewer) to change the setting. The options for the selected diagram type are displayed in the right-hand field. 5. Activate the Display diagram information bar at start up checkbox in the Diagram information bar field. The changes are applied the next time this diagram type is opened. 153 Displaying the diagram information bar with the mouse 1. Click the mouse on the slim grey bar to the right of the diagram display. The diagram information bar appears. 2. Once the diagram information bar is displayed click the mouse on the narrow grey bar to the left of the diagram display. The diagram information bar is removed. Displaying the diagram information bar via the keyboard 1. Use the keyboard shortcut Ctrl+I to display the diagram information bar. The diagram information bar appears. Displaying frequency bands The diagram data in an FFT diagram contain important frequency bands from which characteristic values may be determined. The frequency bands which are defined by the higher-level application are highlighted in colour in the diagram. These frequency bands cannot be edited in the Viewer but can be displayed or removed as required. Frequency bands are only displayed in FFTs. You can zoom to a range by double-clicking the frequency band. If the checkbox Select characteristic value in trend diagram is activated, a click in the frequency band will link to the corresponding signal in the trend view. Frequency bands are only displayed in FFTs. 1. To activate or deactivate a frequency band in an FFT diagram click the checkbox in front of the required frequency band in the list. The frequency bands selected are displayed in the diagram as coloured fields You can switch the display of all frequency bands in an FFT diagram on or off via the context menu in the frequency band information window. 154 The FIS-Viewer 1. Right click the mouse at any desired point in the frequency band window in the diagram information bar. 2. Click Select all in the context menu to display all available frequency bands. or 3. Click Remove all in the context menu to remove all available frequency bands from the diagram. The frequency bands are displayed or removed depending on the setting. Inserting comments into the diagram You can assign comments to individual measuring points in the diagram. The comments in the diagram are presented at the corresponding measuring point in an information field if the display field is activated. 1. Select the required measuring point using the base cursor. 2. Click the Add button in the Comments field in the right-hand section of the information area. 3. Enter a comment for the measuring point selected at the line provided for this in the table. The comment is displayed in an information field at the corresponding measuring point in the diagram. You can remove the comment by left clicking with the mouse. 155 Displaying maximum values The highest peaks field shows the highest measured values in Y axis of the diagram. You can define the number of maximum values displayed via the selection box. You can use the checkbox provided to display the maximum values in the diagram view. 1. If you wish to modify the number of maximum values displayed click the Maximum value field in the "Number of maximum values" option field. 2. Activate the Display maximum values checkbox to display the corresponding maximum values in the diagram. Displaying the measured values of harmonics If the harmonic cursor is selected this diagram information area is displayed. The table shows the measured values that most closely correspond to the harmonic. 156 The FIS-Viewer The Harmonic table displays the measured values for harmonics calculated. Modifying the settings for the harmonic cursor You can modify the settings used to calculate the harmonics via the harmonic cursor properties. 1. To modify the settings click on the Cursor properties symbol

"Navigation and Tools" field. 2. Modify the settings in the cursor properties dialogue field. in the Copying measured values for the harmonics via the clipboard You can transfer measured values for the harmonics to other applications via the clipboard. 1. Highlight each measured value you wish to transfer to another application in the table or right click on the table and pick the Select all menu item from the context menu. 2. To copy the highlighted measured values to the clipboard click the right-hand mouse button on the table. Pick the Copy selected values to the clipboard menu item from the context menu. 3. Switch to the other application and click the paste symbol or select the Paste menu item from the Edit menu. Displaying the measured values of sidebands If the sideband cursor or HS cursor is selected this field is displayed in the information area and contains the measured values that most closely correspond to the defined sidebands. 157 The Sidebands table displays the measured values for the relevant sidebands calculated. Modifying the settings for the sideband cursor You can modify the settings used to calculate the sidebands via the sideband cursor properties. 1. To modify the settings click on the Cursor properties symbol

"Navigation and Tools" field. 2. Modify the settings in the cursor properties dialogue field. in the Copying measured values for the sidebands via the clipboard You can transfer measured values for the sidebands to other applications via the clipboard. 1. Highlight each measured value you wish to transfer to another application in the table or right click on the table and pick the Select all menu item from the context menu. 2. To copy the highlighted measured values to the clipboard click the right-hand mouse button on the table. Pick the Copy selected values to the clipboard menu item from the context menu. 3. Switch to the other application and click the paste symbol or select the Paste menu item from the Edit menu. Removing the diagram information bar from the display Adjusting the default setting for removing the diagram information bar from the display via the options The default setting for the diagram information bar display can be adjusted via the options. The adjustments can be made for each diagram type individually (FFT, time signal or trend data). This default setting is used when new diagrams are opened. 158 The FIS-Viewer 1. Click the mouse on the Tools menu. 2. Select the Options menu item. The options dialogue opens. 3. Select the Diagrams heading in the left-hand column. Open the navigation menu by clicking the mouse on the + symbol. 4. Select the required diagram type (FFT viewer, time signal viewer or trend viewer) to change the setting. The options for the selected diagram type are displayed in the right-hand field. 5. Deactivate the Show right info bar of viewer at startup checkbox in the Info bar field. The changes are applied the next time this diagram type is opened. 159 Removing the diagram information bar with the mouse 1. Click the mouse on the slim grey bar to the left of the diagram information bar. The diagram information bar is removed. Removing the diagram information bar via the keyboard 1. Use the keyboard shortcut Ctrl+I to remove the diagram information bar from the display. The diagram information bar is removed. 4.2.10 Exporting data via the clipboard You can use this button to copy the current diagram view to the clipboard. 1. Click on the Copy diagram to clipboard symbol. 2. Switch to the application in which you wish to insert the image. 3. Select the Paste option from the Edit menu for the application or use the shortcut Ctrl+V. 4.2.11 Viewer settings Modifying the global settings You can restore the factory settings for the Viewer using the Global dialogue window (status following initial installation of the Viewer). 1. Click the Replace all settings with factory settings! button The settings are reset. 160 The FIS-Viewer Measurement units You can specify the options for scaling units used in the diagrams in the Measurement units dialogue window. The available options are ISO units (e.g. metres) and US units (e.g. inches). 1. Select ISO units or US units from the Preferred type dropdown menu. The units you selected are displayed first in the list of available scaling units during scaling. 2. If you wish to use only ISO or US units activate the Display only this unit type checkbox. Only the units you selected are displayed in the list of available scaling units during scaling. 3. Click on OK to apply these settings. 161 Clipboard You can select the options for transferring the diagrams as graphics to the clipboard in the Clipboard dialogue window. 1. Select the required dimensions for the diagram display in the Diagram width and Diagram height fields. 2. Activate the Copy information text to clipboard checkbox if you also wish the diagram title to be copied with the graphic. 3. Click on OK to apply these settings. 162 The FIS-Viewer Modifying the diagram settings You can specify the general diagram settings in the Diagrams dialogue window. 1. You can specify whether diagrams belonging to the same data set should be identified using colour in the Diagram grouping field. 2. If required, activate the Arrange diagrams horizontally if new diagram is displayed checkbox. a) If this option is activated the Viewer arranges the diagram windows horizontally (below one another) and the new diagram is opened at the lowest position in the diagram window. b) If this option is deactivated new diagram windows are cascaded. 3. Click on OK to apply these settings. 163 FFT diagrams You can select the various FTT diagram display options in the FFT diagram dialogue window. 1. You can specify the background colour for the FTT diagram in the Display settings field. You can also define here whether you wish the grid to be displayed in the background and also its colour 2. You can specify from which point in the diagram an integration should take place in the Integration field. 3. In the infobar area you can define which diagram information (see "Using the diagram information bar"

152

) should be shown after opening a new diagram. 4. In the toolbar dialogue you can select, whether the signal selector, axis settings, zoom tools and preview are displayed when opening a new diagram. 164 5. Click on OK to apply these settings. The FIS-Viewer Time signal diagram You can define certain options for displaying a time signal diagram in the dialog window Timesignal diagram. 1. The section Visual options allows you to adjust the background color of the timesignal diagram. Furthermore you can toggle the display of the background grid and change its color. 2. The section Info bar allows you to specify, whether the diagram information will be displayed immediately when opening a new diagram. 3. In the toolbar dialogue you can select, whether the signal selector, axis settings, zoom tools and preview are displayed when opening a new diagram. 4. Click on OK to apply these settings. 165 Trend diagram In addition to the display settings already presented with the FTT diagram and the diagram information bar option the settings for the trend display and smoothing can also be specified in the Trend diagram dialogue window. 1. You can specify in the Trend display settings field whether each characteristic value should be displayed in a separate diagram or whether all characteristic values should be displayed in one diagram. 164 2. You can specify which function and which period length should be used to carry out the smoothing calculation in the Smoothing field. 3. The section Info bar allows you to specify, whether the diagram information will be displayed immediately when opening a new diagram. 5. In the toolbar dialogue you can select, whether the signal selector, axis 166 The FIS-Viewer settings, zoom tools and preview are displayed when opening a new diagram. 6. Click on OK to apply these settings. Modifying the cursor settings You can modify how each individual cursor is displayed in the dialogue windows for the various cursors. 1. Select the cursor you wish to modify from the list of cursors on the left. 2. Select the required cursor shape for the cursor specified above from the Symbol dropdown menu. 3. Select the symbol and colour to be used for the cursor as well as the colour for vertical cursor line. 4. As the differential and averaging cursors work in pairs you can also modify the appearance of the second cursor in this field accordingly. 167 5. Click on OK to apply these settings. Modifying the signal settings You can select measurement data display options in the signal dialogue windows. 1. If less than 50 measured points are displayed in the diagram window each measuring point can be made clearly visible as a dot. If more than 50 measuring points are displayed in the diagram window the display of individual measuring points is automatically deactivated and only the graph of the function and not the measuring points remains visible. 2. Click on OK to apply these settings. 168 The FIS-Viewer Active signal You can modify the display of the individual signals in the signal options. 1. Select a line type for the signal from the dropdown menu. 2. Select a line width for the signal in pixels from the field provided. 3. Click on the palette to select a colour for the signal. 4. Click on OK to apply these settings. 169 You can also adopt these settings for additional signals. 170 The FIS-Viewer 4.3 Keyboard shortcuts Cursor selection Key F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 Function Activation of the base cursor Activation of the difference-cursor Activation of the averaging-cursor Activation of the harmonic-cursor Activation of the sideband-cursor Activation of the HS-cursor (harmonics with side bands) Activation of the speed-cursor Moves the base cursor to the next measuring point on the right. Sets the base cursor on the first measuring point in the diagram Moves the additional cursor to the next measuring point on the left Moves the additional cursor to the next measuring point on the right Function Moves the base cursor to the next measuring point on the left Cursor shift Key Arrow left Arrow right Arrow up Arrow down Ctrl + arrow left Ctrl + arrow right Ctrl + arrow up Sets the additional cursor on the first measuring point in the diagram Ctrl + arrow down Sets the additional cursor on the last measuring point in the diagram Alt + arrow left Alt + arrow right Alt + arrow up Alt + arrow down Ctrl + K Sets the base cursor on the last measuring point in the diagram Moves the additional cursor 10 points to the right Moves the additional cursor 10 points to the left Moves the base cursor 10 points to the right Moves the base cursor 10 points to the left Ctrl + L Ctrl + D Moves the cursor one microstep to the left (only with harmonics cursor when the default detection is activated) Moves the cursor one microstep to the right (only with harmonics cursor when the default detection is activated) Shows or hides the cursor 171 Key Ctrl + P Ctrl + O Zoom Key F9 F10 F11 F12 Keyboard zoom Key Ctrl + Q Ctrl + W Ctrl + A Ctrl + S Ctrl + Y Ctrl + X Ctrl + enter Ctrl + backspace Ctrl + space Ctrl + Z Function Opens the dialogue window for the numeric positioning of the cursor Opens the dialogue for the cursor option settings Function Activates the free mouse zoom Activates the horizontal mouse zoom Activates the vertical mouse zoom Activates the keyboard zoom Function Moves the start of the zoom area to the left Moves the start of the zoom area to the right Moves the end of the zoom area to the left Moves the end of the zoom area to the right Moves the defined zoom area to the left Moves the defined zoom area to the right Shows the defined zoom area Shows the last zoom area again Shows the complete diagram Opens the dialogue window for the numeric input of the zoom area Diagram scrolling Key Ctrl + B Ctrl + N Ctrl + J Ctrl + M Function Moves the display view to the left Moves the display view to the right Moves the display view up Moves the display view down 172 The FIS-Viewer Trend-Diagram Key Ctrl + H Other shortcuts Key Ctrl + R Ctrl + U Ctrl + T Ctrl + I Ctrl + C Function Reads an additional data set Function Reset comment positions Shows/hides right infobox on the top border of the diagram Shows/hides the toolbar Shows/Hides the diagram infos on the right screen border Copies a screenshot of the diagram into the clipboard 173 5 Detector III 5.1 Detector display All information necessary for operating the instrument are shown to the user on a display. This includes selection of measuring points, user guidance while measuring, display of measured values, status display of data transfer between computer and Detector and system settings. Main Detector menu The accumulator symbol (top left in the display) informs you about the current accumulator condition. 176 5.2 Keyboard Detector III is exclusively operated via the keys on the foil-covered keypad. The key functions can be found in the following table:

Button Meaning On/off button Cursor buttons:

Move cursor in direction of arrow Switch the display lighting on and off Cancel button:

Cancel action, back one menu level Input key:

Confirm selection Both input keys perform the same function and are equally valid. HOME button:

Press this button to go directly to the main menu from any menu. Time signal button:

You can use the time signal button to display the time signal and FFT following a measurement. 174 Detector III Function key:

You can use the function key to call up special functions. You can also use this key to enter a decimal point when entering numbers. Navigation through menus Menu items can be marked using the You can go back one level using the or

-key. key and selected using the key. Entering numbers If you can enter numbers in the Detector (when inputting the rotational speed manually, for example) the default numerical value flashes. Now press a numerical key to delete the old value and enter the new one. To overwrite a specific digit position the cursor on the right or left of this digit using the cursor keys and enter the new digit. The previous value is overwritten. The alpha-numeric keys are currently not used. 5.3 Explanation of the symbols Several icons are used in the Detector to guide the user. In the following table these icons are explained:

Symbol Meaning Escape key Enter key key key or key or key sub-tree has been measured partially, or the balancing job has been started, but isn't finished yet. sub-tree has been measured completely, or a balancing job has been finished. symbol for time signal key is displayed in front of a menu entry, when this entry can be selected. 174 175 is displayed in front of a menu entry, when this entry cannot be selected. 5.4 Connectors The Detector has altogether over 5 circuit points at the top end:

Connector BNC-connectors 1/2 Each connection accommodates one active sensor with excitation current (4.7 mA). Meaning Port 1 is always used for CM measurements. Port 2 can be used for two-plane balancing measurements. As the Detector is a single-channel device it cannot perform measurements at both ports simultaneously!

3.5 mm jack 9-pin sub-D socket AUX socket

(8p socket) Connection for headphones or analog recording device. The headphones connection can only be activated via the individual measurements menu. Connection for a serial data line to facilitate exchange of data with the computer (RS 232 interface). A temperature sensor or trigger sensor may be connected to the AUX socket. It is assigned as follows:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Output Input Input Output Input Input Output

12V supply for trigger sensors

(12V against DGND) GND Temperature sensor

+ Temperature sensor DGND

+ Trigger sensor signal GND Trigger sensor signal 5V supply for trigger sensors

(5V against DGND) Not used 4 8 5 6 3 2 1 7 Charging port

(4p socket next to serial port) For connection of battery charger. 5.5 Accumulator The power supply of the Detector is provided by a removable accumulator. The Detector constantly checks the accumulator charge level. If the accumulator is not 176 Detector III sufficiently charged, the device issues a warning message and then shuts down automatically. After Charging accumulator stays connected to the device during charging. the accumulator, the Detector is ready for use again. The 177 Checking accumulator charge level Click Accumulator Charge Level in the System menu to check the accumulator charge level. The accumulator charge level is displayed graphically and in % of maximum capacity. Accumulator charge level During normal operation, the accumulator symbol (top left of display) indicates the charge level. Charging the accumulator Only use the included charger for charging the battery!

In order to charge the accumulator connect the included battery charger to a 230V outlet and connect the Detector to the battery charger via the charge connector. The charging process starts automatically as soon as the Detector is connected to the battery charger and depending on the current accumulator charge level. The temperature of the accumulator must be between 2 C and 44 C. Outside of this range, the charging process is delayed until the accumulator has reached the appropriate temperature. The LEDs on the battery charger indicate the charge level. Please refer to the battery charger manual for further information. Note that the Detector cannot be switched on during the charging process. 177 Recharge the accumulator regularly even when it is not in use so that the Detector is always ready for use. 5.6 Switching on and off Switching on Keep the button pressed for one second to switch on the Detector. Right after switching on, the system checks the accumulator charge level. If it is not sufficient for a measuring process, i.e. of battery charge is less than 5% of maximum capacity, you are prompted to recharge the accumulator. The Detector shuts down after this error message. If no new action is performed within two minutes after the Detector's last action, the device automatically shuts down. You must switch it back on to perform a new action. If the accumulator is completely empty, you will not be able to switch on the Detector at all (without an error message). This prevents the accumulator from deep discharging. Recharge the accumulator to work with the Detector again. Switching off Press the button again to switch off the Detector. 5.7 Main menu The main menu containing the Condition monitoring coast down 179 displayed when the Detector is switched on.

, Single measurements 179 and System menu

, Balancing 180 179

, Run up/

options is 179 178 Detector III The Balancing menu item is only available if the balancing function is enabled on the Detector. 38 Condition monitoring Via the menu Condition Monitoring and its submenus the measuring is done. Here, you decide, whether you want to carry out pre-configured or free measurement and, at which measuring points you want to record data. After selecting the measuring point measuring and decide subsequently, if you want to store or reject the data. Measured data and system messages are displayed, while you take the measurements. A more detailed description you can find in CM-measurement you start desired, 182

. Balancing You can use this option to select the measuring point for the balancing measurement 189

. Run up/coast down Use this menu item to select the run up/coast down for determining resonant ranges 199

. Single measurements Headphone With the Detector the headphones cannot be used when a measurement is in progress. The headphones function can be activated via Single measurements >

Headphone in order to "listen to" a measuring point and the amplification factor for this option can be adjusted. In addition to headphones an analog recorder may also be connected to the 3.5mm jack. Measurement with headphones is described in more detail in using a headphone 189

. Temperature The temperature can be measured directly via Individual measurements >

Temperature without requiring prior configuration. The same procedure for carrying out a normal Temperature measurement is also used here. The only difference in this case is that the temperature cannot be saved. 188 179 Rotational speed The rotational measurements > Rotational speed. The Detector shows the current rotational speed and the rotational speed determined. speed can be measured directly by selecting Single ICP sensor test The ICP sensor test checks the following cases based on the bias voltage of the sensor connected to the BNC1 connector:

The voltage is within the specified range: The sensor is functional. The voltage is greater than maximum sensor voltage: The sensor cable is defective or no sensor is connected. The voltage is between 0 and minimum sensor voltage: The sensor is defective. System menu You can specify global settings for the Detector in the system menu. Change language Select display language. The following languages are currently available: German, English, French, Italian, Dutch, Spanish, Portuguese, Swedish, Finnish, Slovenian and Turkish. Adjust LCD lighting In order to save battery running time the display lighting switches off automatically once the time preset here has elapsed. The following settings are available: 30s, 60s, 90s and no automatic deactivation. 180 Detector III Adjusting contrast Press "cursor right" to increase and "cursor left" to decrease display contrast. Memory manager Shows the space occupied by configuration and measuring data in the memory. See Dynamic memory management 213

. Accumulator charge level Displays the charge remaining in the battery 176

. Detector information Displays the date and time as well as the serial number and software version of the Detector. The date of the last calibration is also displayed here. RFID settings This menu item is only visible if the Detector has an RFID reader. Select whether the Detector should confirm successful import of an RFID tag. The following settings are available: optical, acoustic, both. 5.8 Data transfer Data are exchanged in both directions between Detector and the computer Trendline software is installed on. With the help of the Trendline software measuring configurations and routes are created and administrated on the computer, and measuring data are stored and evaluated. On the one hand, measuring configurations and routes created and administrated on the computer are transferred to Detector. On the other hand, recorded measuring data are downloaded from Detector to evaluate and store them using the Trendline software. The data transfer between Detector and PC is controlled by the Trendline software. Connect the serial interface of Detector (9-pin sub-D-connector at the instrument shaft) with a free serial interface of the computer Trendline software is installed on. Follow the sequence as described in the Trendline software help menu. You can interrupt the data transfer between Detector and computer at any time by pressing the

-key. 181 The transfer of a new route or configuration to Detector deletes all data stored on the instrument. 5.9 Measuring procedure During a measuring round the sensor signals are recorded at all measuring points and the characteristic values calculated. The measuring points can be measured in random order. Before you go out on a measuring round with your Detector III, you should You should mark the measuring position, where the sensor should be mounted for the measurement, in a suitable way. (only then will you get comparable results usable for trend analysis), and label the measuring points (only then can a measuring point be clearly identified) If you are using the RFID addon for the Detector (see also "Automatic

"), make sure that all assignment of RFID tags to measuring points measuring points have been assigned RFID tags. 43 Please ensure before every measuring round that the measuring data stored in the previous measuring round are transferred to the computer as these will be overwritten by new data (only after due warning), that the proper configuration for the system to be measured has been transferred to Detector III. that the accumulator is charged. 5.10 CM-measurement CM measurement procedure 1. First select the measuring point on the Detector at which you wish to perform the measurement. You can use the optional RFID reader for this purpose (see also "Automatic assignment of RFID tags to measuring points

"). 43 2. The rotational speed is determined at the start of a CM measurement if so 182 Detector III specified in the Measuring point configuration

. If the rotational speed is outside the defined band, the Detector displays an error message. If no signal is measured for the rotational speed you can enter the speed manually. 45 3. If active sensors are used, the Detector initializes the sensor and measures the within 10s otherwise the bias voltage. This must reach the defined range Detector cancels the measurement. 34 4. The Detector then uses the values last transferred by the Trendline software to initialize the PGAs in the following order: main PGA -> demodulation PGA (also

. If these values are not suitable the see Analog branches in the Detector Detector defines new settings for the PGAs. 214 5. Measurement and determination of characteristic values:

a) The Detector measures the specified channels. b) The time signals are used to calculate the FFT. c) The detector uses the FFT to calculate the characteristic values. 6. If you selected the averaging function 45 for this measuring point in Trendline the measurements are repeated according to the number selected:

a) The average value of all FFT values calculated is used for FTT averaging. This is then used as the basis for calculating the characteristic values. b) When averaging the characteristic values the characteristic values for each measurement are firstly evaluated. The average value for all characteristic values calculated is then determined (steps 5a-5c are repeated). 7. Finally, the temperature is measured providing this has been specified in the configuration. 5.10.1 Selection of measuring point Using the menu Condition monitoring you decide first of all if you want to record data at a measuring point of a pre-configured measuring route or at a new measuring point. Select measuring point Measuring at a pre-configured measuring point Fix the sensor to the pre-determined point. Start with the menu item Condition Monitoring > Select measuring point. If you have marked your measuring points with RFID tags (see Automatic

), the Detector automatically assignment of RFID tags to measuring points 43 183 recognizes the measuring point as soon as you move the area under the display near to the RFID tags. If the detector recognizes more than one RFID tag, it displays a list of all tags found for selection. If the configuration does not contain one or more of the tags, the Detector displays an error message to indicate this. If no RFID tag is available, select then the name of the measuring point you have fixed the sensor to using the subsequent menus. Then mark Start measuring and confirm your selection using the key. Starting the measurement after selecting a measuring point symbol. A measuring point that has already been measured is indicated in the menu with the When all measuring points in a sub-tree of a configuration (e.g. a machine) have been measured, this is also marked like this. Is the subtree only partially measured, then the Detector shows a If a line in the menus is crossed out, a data error has occurred at this point. It cannot be selected. For this, see System messages and their meaning as well. Are at the selected measuring point still data from the last measurement stored in Detector II, you can view the measuring results again before starting the new measurement. symbol. 205 In addition, you can mark an RFID tag as defective with RFID defective if the 184 Detector could not recognize it and you manually selected the measuring point. Detector III 5.10.2 Measuring procedure The measuring procedure consists of several steps and runs off automatically as described in CM-measurement Initialize the sensor and set the amplification factor 182

. Record the time signals, calculate the FFTs and the characteristic values. After the measurement, the calculated results are shown 185

. 5.10.3 Display of values measured You can view time signals measured directly once the measurement has been carried out or by selecting an old measurement in the display. All time signals used to calculate the characteristic values (depending on the configuration) are available directly after the measurement has been carried out, also if the option

"Do not save time signals" is selected in the configuration. Depending on the configuration, it is possible when viewing an old measurement to view certain time signals. A scrollbar is displayed on the right of the display if more than two characteristic values exist. Temperature and rotational speed are also displayed as a characteristic value. 185 Press the time signal button If the time signal button is pressed once again in the time signal view the FFT to switch to the Time signals display for the selected time signal appears. 187

, to switch to comment selection. display Press You can now allocate a comment defined in the Trendline software (see "

button to abort

") or press the Managing comments for measurements comment slection. 186 52

. 188 The measurement is saved. If you have already carried out a measurement at this point the Detector asks whether the last measurement should be overwritten (also following a multiple

!) or whether the latest measurement should be saved in addition measurement to the last measurement. Once the characteristic values have been saved the Detector jumps to the Select measuring point menu item to enable you to record data at an additional measuring point on the same machine (see "Selection of measuring point If no further measurements need to be carried out at the machine you can switch the device off and move on to the next machine.

"). 183 Where a characteristic value is displayed inverted with an exclamation mark the alarm threshold for this characteristic value has been exceeded. A main alarm has occurred. 5.10.4 Viewing time signals on the Detector display You can go to the time signal view by pressing the button value view. 174 in the measured When viewing the time signal, press the key to switch between the several time signals. At the top right side a character is displayed (a for acceleration, v for velocity and d for demodulation) to indicate the type of time signal. At the top on the left side the amplitude of the highest peak of all measured values is displayed. or the 186 Detector III Time signals are only displayed on the Detector to give a first quality assessment of measured data. The detailed analysis is performed with the Trendline software. Pressing the [****]

174 button opens the FFT display 187

. 5.10.5 Display of the FFT on the Detector display A typical FFT-display:

The following data is shown:

Symbol position Top left Top center Top right From the middle Top right Description Amplitude of the highest peak in the current window. This shows the zoom factor, which can be changed by pressing

(zoom out). The zoom factor can be set to 0.1x 0.4x 1x 2x 4x 8x. With zoom factor key in the 8x it is possible to read the frequency value for each peak. When pressing the FFT overview window (zoom factor 0.1x), the Detector leaves the FFT display and returns to the time signal display.

(zoom in) and symbol is displayed, the auto-scaling mode is enabled. If so, the peaks in When the a window are scaled in a way to fit the largest peak in the display. When auto-scaling is button to enable/disable auto-

disabled, all windows are scaled the same. Press the scaling. When switching off auto-scaling, the zoom factor is set back to 0.1x. This character shows which FFT is displayed:

a: acceleration v: velocity d: demodulation Below the FFT These numbers are the frequency range of the window, which is displayed. Press the and the because the whole frequency range is already shown.

-key to scroll left or right resp. This doesnt work when the zoom factor is 0.1x,

187 FFTs are only displayed on the Detector to give a first quality assessment of measured data. The detailed analysis is performed with the Trendline software. 5.10.6 Repeated measurements You can measure the same measuring point multiple times. For this select a measurement which you have already measured and measure again like described before. After the measurement, press the key to save the data. Then the following menu is shown:

From the menu you can select three items:

Overwrite old data The last saved measurement of this measuring point will be overwritten. The time signals, which belong to the last measurement, will also be overwritten. Add measurement When you select this item and confirm with the key, this measurement is saved as repeated measurement. In the Trendline software it appears as an additional measurement of the same measuring point. The time signals are also saved, when this is required. The measurement is not saved. This corresponds to pressing the after the measurement. key immediately Discard measurement Bear in mind that multiple measurements can be saved only if sufficient memory is available. If insufficient space is available in the memory for additional time signals these will not be saved, even if the option "Always save time signals" is activated in the configuration. If the memory no longer has the capacity to store characteristic values it will not be possible to save the values obtained during multiple measurement. 5.10.7 Measuring with temperature sensor If for a give measurement point next to vibration characteristic values temperature should be measured also, the characteristic value Temperature has to set up for this measuring point using the Trendline software. The Detector will record characteristic vibration values first of all. Prior to measuring the temperature you will be prompted to connect, or switch on respectively, the temperature sensor. The Detector takes about 5 seconds between connecting or switching on for 188 Detector III initializing the temperature sensor. While measuring the current temperature value is displayed. You can accept this value by pressing the key. The temperature sensor Raynger IP-M switches itself off automatically after a couple of minutes, even if the switch remains ON. If the display prompts you to turn on the temperature sensor, even though the switch is ON, turn it off and on again. If that does not help either, the battery of the temperature sensor is probably no good anymore. Please replace it. You can see from the display that the Tecpel temperature sensor has switched itself off. You can switch this sensor back on immediately if required. 5.10.8 Using the headset When using the headset first of all the sensor is initialized and the amplifier set, same as with any measuring procedure. Then, you will be prompted to connect the headset. The amplification factor of the signal is set automatically, shown in the

. If this value is shown display and can be adjusted manually by the keys with an exclamation mark and inverted, the amplifier is over range. or 5.11 Balancing measurement The purpose of balancing is to compensate for imbalances in rotating parts through the selective attachment of balance weights in order to extend their service life. You can use the Detector III to quickly and reliably determine the best location of up to two counterweights. WARNING Damage due to balancing in the resonance range If you are balancing a machine in the resonance range, even the smallest changes of weight may lead to severe fluctuations of the vibration amplitude. This may cause serious damage to the machine and operator injuries. 189 Therefore, do not perform balancing in the machine resonance range. If you do not know the resonance ranges, ask the manufacturer or consult the enclosed documents about the resonance range of the device being monitored or determine the resonance range by means of a run up/coast

"). down (see "Determining the resonance range of a machine 199 Sequence of a balancing measurement 1. Measurement of rotational speed 194

: The Detector initially establishes the rotational speed of the component: the trigger sensor counts the revolutions using a reflex mark which is attached to the component as a reference. 2. Reference run

: During the referencing measurement the amplitude and phase of the existing imbalance is determined at the sensor positions. This serves as the basis for calculation of the positions of the weights. 194 3. Trial run 195

: plane 1 (additional test measurement at plane 2 where two-plane balancing is carried out): During the test measurement the response of the rotor to defined weights is analyzed. The imbalance in the machine is modified by attaching the test weights. The Detector now determines the change with reference to the last measurement (in the case of the first trial run this is the reference measurement) and calculates the coefficients used to determine the optimum position of the balance weights. 4. Display of coefficients and attachment of balance weights

: The Detector displays the influence coefficients. To carry out the check measurement attach the weights at the positions calculated by the Detector. 197 5. Trim run 198

: The Detector now performs a measurement to check whether or not the vibration caused by the imbalance exceeds the limit defined by Trendline

. If the balancing procedure was successful the Detector displays a table of 53 results and exits the balancing menu. If not, you can attach weights using the existing coefficients then repeat the check or establish new coefficients by carrying out a new test measurement. The Detector guides you through the individual measurement and marks the menu items that are currently selectable. If the symbol is displayed in front of the menu item it can be selected, otherwise the detector shows a . the balancing steps of Important information If a balancing measurement has been already carried out for a component the Trendline software sends the coefficients of the last trim run to the Detector. Once the reference measurement has been carried out you can decide whether you wish to proceed with the trial run in order to determine new coefficients. Alternatively, you can view the "old" coefficients directly and attach the weights 190 Detector III accordingly. However, this is only possible if the current rotational speed corresponds to the speed determined during the previous balancing measurement. As a general rule the amplitude units you specified in the Trendline program will be displayed during balancing. However, if the value for the settings amplitude exceeds 1000 the Detector automatically rounds this up to the nearest unit (from 1050 mm to 1,05 mm, for example). 110 During balancing the internal amplifier is adapted to the input signal before the start of each measuring process to optimize performance. However, if the signal overmodulates during the measurement the Detector displays a corresponding message and reduces the amplification factor. This message remains displayed if the input continues to overmodulate once the amplification has been reduced. You will not be able to save the measurement and must cancel it using the key. Start of balancing measurement Select the measuring point: to do this, press Balance in the main menu, then select measuring point If you have marked your measuring points with RFID tags (see Automatic assignment of RFID tags to measuring points

), the Detector automatically recognizes the measuring point as soon as you move the area under the display near to the RFID tags. 43 If the detector recognizes more than one RFID tag, it displays a list of all tags found for selection. If the configuration does not contain one or more of the tags, the Detector displays an error message to indicate this. If no RFID tag is available, select then the name of the measuring point you have fixed the sensor to using the subsequent menus. The Balancing menu is shown. Depending on the status of the balancing process, you can only select certain menu items. The Detector therefore guides 191 you through the entire balancing process. You can only select lines preceded by a symbol in this menu. Lines with a can only be selected later during the balancing process. Settings You can use this menu item to display the settings you specified for the measuring point in the Trendline balancing configuration 53

. You can also restart the balancing measurement (menu item Restart balancing). This resets all balancing measurement data. Vector calculator You can carry out calculations with vectors quickly and easily in the Detector using the vector calculator to distribute a weight across different positions or combine several distributed weights, for example. Split position Divides the vector of a weight between two positions. In relation to a full circle, enter the number of possible positions (at least 4), the angle of the first position and the weight to split. The Detector displays where the two resulting weights must be attached. 192 Detector III Example Weights can be attached with a spacing of 30 between weights which means that 12 positions are available. A weight of 10g and an angle of 40 was determined for the weight to be attached. The following is determined by the Detector: a weight of 6.8g must be attached at position 2

(at 30) and a second weight of 3.5 g must be attached at position 3 (at 60). Split angle Divides one weight into two with predefined angles. To do this enter both new angles as well as the weight The Detector and angle of calculates both resulting weights. If the angle of the original vector is not between the two new angles, the Detector automatically jumps to the smaller of the two angles so that you can correct your input. the original vector. Example You have a fan with 18 blades, the first blade at 0, the second at 20, etc. You want to attach a weight of 5 gr at 30, but you don't have any room left at the 20 blade. Enter 0 at angle 1, 40 at angle 2 and 5g at 30 in the Divide angle function. The resulting weights at 0 and 40 are 1.4g and 3.9g respectively. Sum You can use this function to determine the sum of up to three weights. Example You are balancing a shaft on which balance weights can be screwed at 36 positions. You have already attached several weights during the balancing process. The Detector suggests that an additional balance weight should be attached at a position that is already occupied. You can now combine three existing weights to produce one new weight, for example: you have 7,5 gr at 10, 5 gr at 20 and 7,5 gr at 30. The sum function then produces a total weight of 19.8g at 20. You can then remove the three weights at 10, 20 and 30 and replace them with a new weight of 19.8g at 20. Assign RFID Select this menu item to assign an RFID tag placed at the measuring point (see "

Automatic assignment of RFID tags to measuring points

"). 43 In the next step you measure the rotational speed 194

. 193 5.11.1 Measuring rotational speed The Detector determines the rotational speed at the start of the balancing measurement via the trigger sensor. To do this, select Measure rot. speed from the balancing menu. If the rotational speed measured is outside the band defined in the Trendline software, the Detector outputs an error message (Speed out of range, see also "

System messages and their meaning

"). You can then cancel the measurement or apply the current rotational speed as new speed. Press the The rotational speed measurement is followed by the reference run button to apply the rotational speed displayed. 205 194

. 5.11.2 Reference run To carry out the reference measurement select Reference run from the balancing menu. The rotational speed is monitored during the reference measurement. If this falls outside the defined band, the Detector outputs an error message. Attach the sensors to the component and connect these to the BNC connectors of the Detector according to the Balancing configuration 53

. The Detector guides you through the measurement and determines the amplitude and phase of the vibration at the sensor positions. A bar showing mean variance displays the stability of the values. You can reset the mean by pressing the function key to restart mean calculation. 194 Detector III key once amplitude and phase have stabilized after a time. Press the Once you have measured all sensor positions, the results are displayed in a table. If the measured values are OK, select the Values are OK menu item and key to save the measured values. If you are not satisfied with a press the and measured value, you can use the key to repeat this individual measurement. keys to select this value and the At this point, you can add a comment specified in the Trendline software to the measurement (see "Managing comments for measurements 52

"). The measured values obtained during the reference run are only saved after you confirm by clicking Values are OK by pressing the key to discard the measured values and the Detector returns the Balancing menu. Repeat the reference run if necessary. key. In the table of results, click the Please now move on to the trial run 195

. 5.11.3 Trial run To carry out the trial run select Trial run from the balancing menu. With two-plane balancing the Detector initially guides you through the test measurement at plane 1 then continues with plane 2. In the trial runs, apply a known weight to a known position. With this information, the Detector determines the change between reference run and trial run and can thus determine the influence coefficients. These indicate how machine imbalance changes with a certain weight and are used calculate the balancing weights. Attach the sensors to the component and connect these to the BNC connectors of the Detector according to the Balancing configuration 53

. The Detector requests the data for the test weights. Enter them, attach the weights, and confirm this in the Detector. The position of the test weight is counted from the rising or falling edge of the trigger mark (depending on which

). You can check it up in the Balancing one you selected in the configuration 57 195 menu Settings -> Trigger sensor -> Trigger pos. The angle of the weight is always counted AGAINST the direction of shaft rotation. You can specify it in degrees or, if you have set discrete positions, as a position number. Here, P1 is the first position from the trigger mark AGAINST the direction of rotation, P2 the second, etc. When using discrete positions, you can apply one or two test weights. The Detector guides you through the measurement and determines the amplitude and phase of the vibration at the sensor positions and displays the values. You can adopt the values measured or repeat individual measurements. Then the Detector asks whether you want to remove the test weight. If you have screwed the test weight on, it is an advantage to unscrew it so as to keep the number of weights on the shaft as small as possible. If you welded it on, it is easier to leave the test weight on the shaft. In two-plane balancing, you can specify what weights you want to remove after the second trial run. You can o keep both weights, o remove the weight last used, or o remove both test weights, if you have not removed the test weight in plane 1. Otherwise, you can only choose whether to remove the weight in plane 2 or not. 196 Detector III The measured values obtained during the trial run as well as the attached test weight are only saved once you have provided the Values are OK confirmation with the key. Once this confirmation has been given this step of the balancing measurement can be read out in Trendline. After the last trial run, the program displays suggestions for weights to apply. Next step: display coefficients and attach balance weights 197

. 5.11.4 Display coefficients and apply balance weights Display coefficients The Detector displays the influence coefficients determined during the test measurements in this overview. These are used to calculate the balance weights. They describe the change in vibration in relation to a weight and have vibration unit

/ weight unit as their unit of measurement, for example m/gr. For 1-plane balancing, there is only one coefficient, while two coefficients are determined per sensor position for two planes. Applying balance weights In the Apply weight menu the Detector shows which balancing weights are calculated for the respective plane. Now the weights have to be placed. When you place different weights (e.g. because you don't have the needed weights), you have to enter the real weights with their positions. On a 2-plane-balancing job, this step is done separately for every plane. If you are using discrete positions, the program always displays two weights. Together they equal the required balancing weight. 197 You can abort input of weights at any time by pressing in order to use to the vector calculator, for example. When you click Apply weight again, the previous inputs are still there, so you can continue at the same point. Here again, weight positions are counted AGAINST the direction of rotation starting from the set edge of the trigger mark. The coefficients calculated and balance weights entered are saved

. This data can only together as part of the subsequent Trim run be read out using Trendline once the trim run has been carried out and the Values are OK confirmation has been provided with the key. 198 5.11.5 Trim run To carry out the check measurement select Trim run. Attach the sensors to the component and connect these to the BNC connectors of the Detector according to the Balancing configuration 53

. The Detector guides you through the measurement and determines the amplitude and phase of the vibration at the sensor positions as well as the rotational speed then displays the values measured. You can now either accept the values measured or discard these and repeat the measurement. For balancing you will usually need more than one run. If the result is not sufficient after the trim run, the Detector returns to the Balancing menu. You can now reduce imbalance in two ways:

Use the existing influence coefficients and apply balancing weights calculated with these coefficients again. Perform another trial run to determine new influence coefficients. The coefficients always apply to one particular machine condition only: The more it changes, e.g. due to applying additional weight or reducing imbalance, the more inaccurate the existing coefficients become. By means of a new trial run, you can determine new influence coefficients that more accurately fit the current condition ands thus achieve better results. 198 Detector III If you repeat the steps of applying weights and trim run with existing influence coefficients and you notice that the imbalance does not improve, this is a sign that the influence coefficients are no longer good and that you need to re-determine them with a new trial run. If the amplitudes measured at all sensor positions in the trial run are smaller than the balancing threshold defined in Trendline (balancing OK at), the balancing process is finished. The Detector displays the table of results displaying the last measured values and the balancing threshold. Then, the Detector returns to the menu, where you can select a new measuring point. The measured values obtained during the trim run, the coefficients calculated and attached weights are only saved once the Values are OK confirmation has been provided using the key. Once this confirmation has been given this step of the balancing measurement can be read out in Trendline. 5.12 Determining the resonance range of a machine Background Balancing a machine with the aid of the Detector must not be performed in the resonance range as the vibration amplitude increases severely and the phase changes considerably when the machine is operated at or near resonant frequencies. Even the smallest weight changes may lead to severe amplitude changes so that, if the worst comes to the worst, a balancing attempt may even destroy the machine. In order to avoid such damage, you can determine the resonant ranges of a machine using the Detector and the Trendline software. To do so, the machine is started up and shut down in a controlled manner (run up/coast down test) while the Detector continuously measures the amplitude and phase of the vibration and rotational speed at the measuring point. The data measured in this test are displayed in an amplitude/phase diagram. For the measurement, you can specify a rotational speed range to automatically start and stop the measurement. Alternatively, you can start and stop measuring manually. 199 WARNING Damage outside to operation manufacturer's due specifications The machine must be operated within rotational speed limits permitted by the manufacturer for normal operation while determining resonant ranges. Therefore, always observe these rotational speed limits when performing the run up/coast down test. Determination of resonant range is always performed at the system operator's own risk!

Conditions Run up/coast down must be set up in the configuration 45

. Other notes The Detector performs the measurement with only one vibration sensor. If you want to determine the resonant ranges at multiple sensor positions, you must repeat the entire run up/coast down procedure there. Determining resonant range Proceed as follows to carry out the measurement with a defined rotational speed range:

1. Select the Run up/coast down menu item in the Detector. 2. Select the measuring point with the RFID Reader or manually (see "Selection of measuring point 183

"). 3. Press Start measurement. 4. Perform the run up/coast down test on the machine. a) If you pre-set the rotational speed range, the Detector automatically measures in the defined rotational speed range. b) Otherwise, press Start once the desired start speed has been reached and Stop once the desired end speed has been reached. 5. You can now allocate a comment defined in the Trendline software (see "

button to abort

") or press the Managing comments for measurements comment slection. 52 6. The Detector saves the measured values. Transfer the data from the Detector to the Trendline software. Proceed as follows to perform the measurement manually:

1. Select the Run up/coast down menu item in the Detector. 2. Select the measuring point (see "Selection of measuring point 3. Perform the run up/coast down test on the machine. 4. Once the desired start speed has been reached, press Start measurement.

"). 183 200 The Detector starts measuring. Detector III 5. Once the desired end speed has been reached, press Stop. 6. You can now allocate a comment defined in the Trendline software (see "

button to abort

") or press the Managing comments for measurements comment slection. 52 7. The Detector saves the measured values. Transfer the data from the Detector to the Trendline software. You can display the run up/coast down settings made in the Trendline software in the Detector by pressing Settings after selecting the measuring point. See also Transferring the data to the Trendline software Creating an amplitude/phase diagram in the Trendline software 181

. 88

. 5.13 Free measurement In addition to the planned route measurements you can also use the Detector to carry out For CM/balancing measurements and run up/coast down measurements, select the New measuring point menu item. are known as free measurements. what 82 Example You are on your measuring round. You notice an unusual noise or unusually high temperature on a machine that is not included in this round of measurements. You can use the New position option to carry out an additional on-the-spot measurement. In these situations measurement templates must be defined using the Trendline -

Software. The templates you create depend on your particular circumstances. The procedure for creating and transferring measurement templates is described in detail under Create template 83

. Free CM measurement Position the sensor at the required measuring point. Select Condition monitoring > New position. Then go to Select template to choose a suitable template. 201 In the next menu you can change the template name so that the free measurement can later be assigned to the measuring point at which it was recorded. If you accept the name without changing it the free measurement is assigned the template name and also a reference number that increases by one each time a new measurement is made using this template (<Name> 1, <Name>

2, ...). To change the name select Change name and confirm your choice with the key. In the next screen the name of the template selected and the current order number are displayed and a cursor is positioned under the first letter. and You can move the cursor into the required position using the keys. and keys. You can step through the available letters and numbers using the Carry out the same procedure for all additional characters. Press to save your new name for the free measurement (valid characters are A,B,C... Z,<space>,0,1

... 9.) Once the name has been changed select Continue to start the measuring process. From this point onwards the sequence of the measuring process is identical to the Standard measurement process (initialization of hardware, recording of characteristic values, display of measuring results, storage of measured data). 182 Call up previous measurements In order to view the results for free measurements previously carried out select Condition monitoring > New position > Previous data. 202 Detector III Free balancing measurement Select Balancing > New measuring point. Then go to Select template to choose a suitable template. In the next menu you can change the template name so that the free measurement can later be assigned to the measuring point at which it was recorded. If you accept the name without changing it the free measurement is assigned the template name and also a reference number that increases by one each time a new measurement is made using this template (<Name> 1, <Name>

2, ...). To change the name select Change name and confirm your choice with the key. In the next screen the name of the template selected and the current order number are displayed and a cursor is positioned under the first letter. and keys. You can move the cursor into the required position using the keys. You can step through the available letters and numbers using the Carry out the same procedure for all additional characters. You can then position the cursor under the 8 symbol on the far right and save the new name you have

(valid characters are A,B,C... Z, chosen for the free measurement by pressing

<space>,0,1 ... 9). Once the name has been changed select Continue to start the measuring process. From this point onwards the sequence for the measuring process is identical to the Balancing measurement When carrying out a free balancing measurement all other values can be changed process. and 189 203 in addition to the template name. To do this, select the Settings item in the key. balancing menu. You can now select the relevant values using the Depending on the type of setting you can now type in a new value directly, make a selection from a dropdown menu or modify a text as described above. You can change the settings for the free balancing measurement has been completed and saved. After until the first reference run this your settings are frozen and can no longer be changed. 194 Continue with a free balancing measurement Once the Detector has been switched on you can continue with an free measurement that was started previously. To do this, select Balance > New position > Previous data and then the required measurement. You can now continue with the usual balancing process. Free run up / coast down measurement Select Run up / coast down > New measuring point. Then go to Select template to choose a suitable template. In the next menu you can change the template name so that the free measurement can later be assigned to the measuring point at which it was recorded. If you accept the name without changing it the free measurement is assigned the template name and also a reference number that increases by one each time a new measurement is made using this template (<Name> 1, <Name>

2, ...). To change the name select Change name and confirm your choice with the key. In the next screen the name of the template selected and the current order number are displayed and a cursor is positioned under the first letter. 204 Detector III and and You can move the cursor into the required position using the keys. keys. You can step through the available letters and numbers using the Carry out the same procedure for all additional characters. You can then position the cursor under the 8 symbol on the far right and save the new name you have

(valid characters are A,B,C... Z, chosen for the free measurement by pressing

<space>,0,1 ... 9). Once the name has been changed select Continue to start the measuring process. As of here, the procedure corresponds to the run up / coast down test

(see "Determining the resonant range of a machine When carrying out a free measurement all other values can be changed in addition to the template name. To do this, select the Settings item in the run up / coast key. Depending down menu. You can now select the relevant values using the on the type of setting you can now type in a new value directly, make a selection from a dropdown menu or modify a text as described above.

"). 199 Continue free run up / coast down measurement Once the Detector has been switched on you can continue with an free measurement that was started previously. To do this, select Run up / coast down

> New position > Previous data and then the required measurement. You can now continue with the usual balancing process. 5.14 System messages and their meaning Error message Description Cause of the fault / solution The sensor (or sensor cable) is defective or not correctly Sensor error connected. Where active sensors are used and the voltage is not within the valid range this may be for the following reasons:

Sensor not connected Sensor has short circuited Sensor has a defective cable The set bias voltages An error occurred during the initialization phase of the measuring process. With active sensors: the measured bias voltage is not within the specified range. are wrong for the sensor being 34 Measuring point is crossed out A data error exists at the current measuring point. used. For more detailed troubleshooting, perform a ICP sensor test 180 If there are still measured data saved in the Detector, use Trendline to collect them. Only those measurements are 205 Error message Description You cannot start this measurement. If you try to start the measurement the error message "CRC error" will be displayed. The measurement amplifier settings are optimized before the measurement is carried out. If the strength of the measured signal increases once these settings have been made the input may become overmodulated. The temperature measured is outside the technical limits of the temperature sensor. The measured temperature is beyond the technical limit of the temperature sensor. Cannot create any more measurement, balancing step or new data block for run up/coast down because memory is full. The battery is nearly empty. The battery is empty, the Detector cannot be switched on. No memory has been allocated for configurations that have been sent to the Detector. No balancing, CM or run up/coast down template has been saved. No balancing, CM or run up/coast down configuration has been saved. No free measurements have been carried out yet. Input overrange!

Please measure again. Connect temperature sensor and switch on Temperature too high No memory left for saving data Warning: battery low The battery is empty Please charge No memory allocated No template loaded No configuration loaded!

No free measurements are 206 Cause of the fault / solution transferred that do not have an data error. Measurements with data errors are lost. The send a new configuration to the Detector. If this error occurs you must repeat the measurement. If this error occurs frequently you are probably carrying out measurements at a machine that is turning quite slowly (< 120 revolutions per minute). The Detector is not designed to carry out these kinds of measurements. If you are using a Raytek sensor whose switch is ON, switch it off and on again. Temperature measurement range: -15C to +550C Transfer the data to Trendline and transfer the last balancing configuration or route back to the Detector. 177 Please recharge the accumulator before continuing to work with the Detector. Otherwise, the Detector could shut down without any warning so as to protect the accumulator. The battery must be recharged 177

. The Trendline database may contain an error. Please contact support@fis-services.de. You wish to carry out an free measurement although a template is not stored in the Detector. Templates are only attached if you click in Trendline on Detector > Send route. You wish to carry out balancing, a CM measurement or a run up/coast down procedure but have not yet transferred a configuration to the Detector. In Trendline click on Detector >

Send configuration or detector > Send route. You are attempting to view free balancing, CM measurements or run up/coast down measurements on the Detector although Error message Description stored No balancing configuration stored. No memory left for time signals The Detector is attempting to save time signals but cannot do so as insufficient memory is available. The Detector is attempting to save time signals but cannot do so as insufficient memory is available. Input over range!

The vibration signal too large to be measured by the Detector. No RPM signal!

The rotational speed signal is missing. Speed unstable!

The rotational speed signal is fluctuating. The rotational speed of the machine is fluctuating. No conf. for RFID No configuration found for The measured rotational speed is outside the rotational speed band defined in . the RFID entry. Could not find at least one Detected RFID tags and configured measuring Detector III Cause of the fault / solution neither of these types of measurement has been carried out. Send a balancing configuration to the Detector (click in Trendline on Detector > Send configuration or Detector >

Send route) before you select a configuration from the balancing menu of the Detector. This may occur if you only wish to save time signals in the event of an alarm and an alarm has occurred. It is also possible that you have carried out multiple measurements at this measuring point. The characteristic values will be saved in each case but none or only some of the time signals will be saved. There are two possible causes for this:

The input signal is very large (>50g). Use another sensor

(with a sensitivity of 10mV/g, for example). The strength of the signal increased after the amplifier was adjusted due to an impact on the machine, for example. The vibrations must remain more or less constant throughout the entire measurement. Possible causes:

The trigger sensor is not correctly aligned with the reflex mark. The reflex mark was not glued on. The trigger sensor is too close to the reflex mark (<10cm). Increase the distance. The trigger sensor has been incorrectly configured Trendline (incorrect supply voltage, for example). You have not connected the trigger sensor to the AUX port 34 in 176 of the Detector. Possible causes:

The trigger sensor is not correctly aligned with the reflex The trigger sensor is too close to the reflex mark (should be mark. at least 10cm). Machine rotational speed fluctuates. Reduce the speed of the machine or adopt the current rotational speed as the new nominal rotational speed. This error occurs when Trendline sends the RFID status for a measuring point before a balancing, CM or run up/coast down configuration was sent. Make sure that there is a configuration for the measuring point on the Detector. The Trendline database may contain an error. Please contact support@fis-

services.de. The Detector found at least one RFID tag without a measuring point configuration. The missing measuring point is therefore 207 Error message Description configuration Multiple IDs read. Please repeat ID already in use. Please repeat Change sensor to:

points do not match. Two or more tags were found while trying to assign an RFID tag. An RFID tag was read that is already assigned to another measuring point. The next measurement must be performed with a different sensor. Maximum number of data reached!

Resonant frequency!

Maximum number of data points reached (in run up/

coast down). Machine in resonant range for balancing measurement. Rotational speed to high (low) for Autostart /

Autostop HW0 to HW2

(backup battery) Rotational speed already exceeds the selected autostart and/or autostop speed at run up. Or: Rotational speed is already lower than the selected autostart and/or autostop speed at coast down. Self-test error HW3 to HW7

(Internal error) Self-test error Cause of the fault / solution not offered for selection for the measurement. The assignment is not possible as the Detector found at least two tags in the RFID Reader read area. Remove the unnecessary RFID tags from the read area. Assign a new RFID tag to the current measuring point. If you have configured sensors with different sensitivities for measuring points, you may need to change the sensor between two measurements. In this case, the Detector tells you which sensor you need to connect for the next measurement. The system aborts after 65535 values in a run up/coast down. The values measured so far are saved.

" and "determining the resonant range of a machine If you have defined one or more resonant ranges for a machine in the Trendline software (see "setting up run up/coast down 61 199

"), the Detector displays this message during balancing if the current rotational speed is within such a resonant range. You can continue the balancing measurement. However, observe the information given in balancing measurement Run up: If rotational speed is too high for an automatic start and/or automatic stop, the system stops the automatic measurement start and/or stop. You can start and/or stop manually by pressing Enter. Coast down: If rotational speed is too low for an automatic start and/or automatic stop, the system stops the automatic measurement start and/or stop. You can start and/or stop manually by pressing Enter. 189

. At start-up, the Detector performs a self-test to check internal voltages. If one of these three messages is displayed, you must replace the backup battery. Please contact support@fis-

services.de and tell us the error number. We will then give you further details on how to replace the battery. You can bypass the error message by pressing Enter. This is a critical error. Please contact support@fis-services.de and tell us the error number. We will then give you further information. 5.15 Update firmware The internal software of the Detector is saved in what is known as the firmware. FAG Industrial Services is constantly expanding and improving the Detector firmware. You should therefore update this in the Detector as soon as a new release becomes available. The current version is available for download from our website at (www.fis-services.de). 208 Detector III Before you start... 1. When the firmware is updated all data on the Detector is deleted. You should therefore transfer your data from the Detector to the Trendline software, as described at Read measuring data from Detector

. 85 2. Download the current firmware file from our website: www.fis-services.de. 3. Start the Detector FlashUpdater (in the start menu under Programs > FIS >

Detector FlashUpdater3). If it is not installed, install it from the Trendline CD or download it from our website. 4. Have a thin object to hand - an unbent paper clip for example. 5. Connect the Detector to your Windows computer using the enclosed serial

, although cable. Alternatively, you can use the USB serial adapter communication is more reliable via a serial interface. 36 6. Ensure that the battery 176 is charged to at least 25% of its capacity. Update the Detector firmware Click on Start > Programs > FIS > DetectorFlashUpdater3 > Detector Flash Updater 3 and follow the instructions given by the program. The update comprises the following steps:

1. Initialization of Detector a) Remove the battery for at least three seconds. b) Put the battery back in and connect the Detector to the PC. 2. Select the interface used to connect the Detector. The "Installing USB serial adapter determine the interface number of the USB serial adapter.

" section explains how to 37 3. Select the downloaded firmware file ("Detector_3_x_x.dup"). If you downloaded the firmware from the Internet page you must also unpack the zip archive. The FlashUpdater displays information on the changes made since the previous release. 4. Prepare the Detector a) Switch the Detector off. b) Insert a thin object (a bent open paper clip, for example) into the small opening on the left-hand side of the Detector and hold it in this position until it encounters resistance. c) Switch the Detector on and keep the power-on button pressed down. Wait for three seconds before removing the thin object. Now release the power-on button. 5. The new firmware is now transferred to the Detector. This may take several minutes depending on the speed of the interface. 209 You can abort the update as long as the firmware upload has not begun. Click Cancel to abort. 210 Special information 6 Special information 6.1 Time signals You can select in Trendline software, which time signals should be stored. The Detector can save up to 300 time signals and up to 1600 measuring points. Give careful consideration to what signals you need. You can select, when configuring

"), if a certain time signal the measuring point (see "Create a measuring point should be stored all the time, or only, if the characteristic value shows a main alarm. 45 If a configuration or route is sent to the Detector, the detector checks, how many time signals have to be stored all the time. For these time signals the right amount of memory is allocated right after the transfer to ensure that these time signals are guaranteed to be stored. But that automatically means that no more time signals must be marked with Save always in a configuration or route as the amount of memory of the Detector allows. Trendline software checks prior to sending a configuration or route to the Detector, if the available memory of the Detector is sufficient for the data. If this is not the case, an error message is displayed and the data is not sent to the detector. For time signals, which are to be stored in case of an alarm only, Trendline software cannot check, whether or not they would fit into memory, as one does not know, how many measuring points will show an alarm. This means that eventually one could mark all time signals as Save by main-alarm in the configuration. Even if one of the characteristic values has an alarm and a time signal therefore has to be saved, this is stored only when sufficient memory is available. If the memory is not available, the user will get a message telling him that there is insufficient memory and the time signal was not stored. You can find more information on this in "

Dynamic memory management 213

". Bear in mind that a time signal may NOT have been recorded when an alarm was output for a characteristic value even if the field "Save in the event of main alarm" was activated. Time signals that should be saved in the event of an alarm can only be saved if sufficient memory is available. The recorded time signals are always acceleration signals, which are each differently filtered and sampled. The Detector can measure three different time signals. For this three measuring branches For the calculation of the characteristic velocity values ISO10816 and Vsel the transformation from the acceleration signal into the velocity signal is done in the frequency domain. Because of this the saved and shown time signals for these characteristic values are still acceleration signals. The time signal sampling rates are set for each channel by the lowpass settings. are available. 214 211 6.2 Frequency selective characteristic values With the characteristic value with a "sel"-token you can define within a given range a frequency band, which is used for the value calculation. In Trendline the low pass cutoff frequency up to which measurements are to be taken is defined for each channel. The sampling rate is always 2.56 times the value of this cutoff frequency. A frequency spectrum is calculated from the time signal thus recorded by means of an FFT calculation. This spectrum is then used to calculate the characteristic values according to the limits set. An aeff value of between 2kHz and 5kHz is therefore calculated for a low pass filter setting of 5kHz, for example. Characteristic value aeff asel ISO 10816 vsel deff dsel Analog channel Frequency range Acceleration Acceleration Speed Speed Demodulation Demodulation 2 kHz - lowpass a fmin_a - lowpass a (both frequencies adjustable, see table below) 10 Hz - 1 kHz fmin_v - lowpass v (both frequencies adjustable, see table below) fmin - lowpass d fmin - lowpass d (both frequencies adjustable, see table below) The low pass and FFT length can be adjusted for each channel. Both of these factors affect the sampling rate, the minimum possible frequency and frequency resolution. Sampling rate 512 SPS 512 SPS 1.28 kSPS 1.28 kSPS 2.56 kSPS 2.56 kSPS 5.12 kSPS 5.12 kSPS 12.8 kSPS 12.8 kSPS Lowpass 200 Hz 200 Hz 500 Hz 500 Hz 1 kHz 1 kHz 2 kHz 2 kHz 5 kHz 5 kHz 212 FFT-length fmin fmin_v(*

213

) Frequency resolution 1600 lines 3200 lines 1600 lines 3200 lines 1600 lines 3200 lines 1600 lines 3200 lines 1600 lines 3200 lines 0.125 Hz 0.1 Hz 0.3125 Hz 0.156 Hz 0.625 Hz 0.3125Hz 1.25 Hz 0.625 Hz 3.125 Hz 1.56 Hz 0.375 Hz 0.19 Hz 0.94 Hz 0.47 Hz 1.875 Hz 0.94 Hz 3.75 Hz 1.875 Hz 9.375 Hz 4.7 Hz 0.125 Hz 0.0625 Hz 0.3125 Hz 0.156 Hz 0.625 Hz 0.3125 Hz 1.25 Hz 0.625 Hz 3.125 Hz 1.56 Hz Special information 1600 lines 3200 lines 1600 lines 3200 lines 25.6 kSPS 25.6 kSPS 51.2 kSPS 51.2 kSPS 10 kHz 10 kHz 20 kHz 20 kHz

(SPS = Samples per second)

(*) In the case of characteristic values for speed the minimum frequency is the third line in the spectrum as the first lines may become overly large as a result of the integration. 6.25 Hz 3.125 Hz 12.5 Hz 6.25 Hz 18.75 Hz 9.375 Hz 37.5 Hz 18.75 Hz 6.25 Hz 3.125 Hz 12.5 Hz 6.25 Hz 6.3 Dynamic memory management The Detector has a dynamic memory management. Because of this the partitioning of the memory is not fixed in the firmware. For measuring points, time signals, etc. there is a memory block of 2.7MB. You can set in the Trendline software whether many configurations or many time signals are needed when taking the next measurements. The required memory can be calculated as follows:

Memory element Configuration Free measurement Time signal Balancing step Run up/coast down measurement Memory usage CM configuration: 314 bytes Balancing configuration: 278 bytes Run up/coast down: 164 bytes CM measurement: 328 bytes Balancing measurement: 292 bytes 8244 bytes (1600 lines), 16436 bytes (3200 lines) 190 bytes 48 bytes + 12 bytes per amplitude/phase value Additionally, the following memory is required depending on the Detector configurations:

64 kilobytes if at least one balancing or run up/coast down configuration exists on the Detector. 30 bytes for each unit used. As a rule 5-10 units are stored on the Detector. Example: 500 CM configurations are sent to the Detector (500 * 314 bytes

= approx. 155 kB), leaving 2.7 MB - 0.155 MB = 2,545 MB for time signals and free measurements. This means, that 2,545 MB / 16,436 bytes (@

3,200 lines) = 154 time signals can still be stored. The remaining memory of about 13kB can then be used for about 40 free CM measurements. 213 6.4 Analog branches in the Detector III Depending on the selected characteristic value the sensor signals are preconditioned by different signal paths in the Detector. 176 The measuring signal reaches the Detector via the sensor module (BNC1 or BNC2, see Connectors)

, where it passes a highpass filter (0.1 Hz) when the sensors are active. The signal is then amplified in a PGA (

programmable gain amplifier

). After the amplifier the signal is subdivided into three branches, each of which can have a different filter. The acceleration and velocity branch both have their own lowpass filter with a selectable corner frequency, so only the part of the signal below this frequency can pass. In spite of its name, actually the acceleration signal is measured in the velocity branch. This signal is integrated into the spectrum to calculate the characteristic velocity values. The demodulation signal passes through a high-pass filter first (only frequencies higher than the cut-off frequency of 750Hz can pass). Subsequently, it is rectified and finally low-pass filtered. The frequency of this lowpass filter can

. The signal to the headset connector is also be set in the Trendline software 45 branched off before that low-pass filter. The Detector can measure temperature and rotational speed via the AUX connector (see "Connectors

"). The signal from the temperature sensor is amplified in a PGA and filtered with a cutoff frequency of 1kHz in a lowpass. 176 6.5 Establishing a data connection When connecting to the Trendline software will try to connect to the serial port used the last time with the baud rate used the last time. If not successful it searches for the communication parameters by itself and connects to the Detector. 214 Special information If connection is not possible, it is due to the following causes:

The Detector is not switched on. Switch on the detector. The data cable between Detector and PC is not connected. Connect the Detector with the 9-pin data cable supplied to a serial interface at your PC. The Detector is switched on and properly connected. If you still cannot make a connection, it may be because you are not in a menu in the Detector. For example, if you are in the memory manager, if you are currently displaying measured values or if you are in the Detector information window, it is not possible to make a connection. Press ESC to change over to the next menu. If a connection can be established, but it brakes down before all data are transferred, the accumulator may be empty. For sizeable data transfers the remaining charge in the battery should be at least 10 %. 215 7 Appendix 7.1 General information on vibration monitoring 7.1.1 Introduction Condition-based maintenance has proven itself to be particularly advantageous for production plants where an unforeseeable failure leads to enormous costs. Consequential damages, system downtimes and the costs of maintenance can thus be reduced to a minimum. However, a prompt detection of machine damages is a pre-requisite in this case, in other words at a time when the machine is still operative and will remain so for some time to come. This then allows repair work to be planned and performed in the scheduled downtimes. This goal can only be achieved through a reliable determination of the machine status. The monitoring and investigation of machine vibrations is an excellent method. The operation of machines always entails mechanical vibrations, caused for example by component imperfections or the production process. These machine vibrations spread from their origin via neighboring machine parts. Apart from these solid propagation media, the vibrations are also transferred to the ambient air at the interface machine-air. A differentiation is thus made between structure-borne and air-borne noise depending on the vibrating medium. An investigation of structure-borne noise is more suitable than that of air-borne noise for machine monitoring since the influence of external interfering variables such as ambient noise is lower. Displacement, velocity or acceleration are used as measuring parameters. Structure-borne noise is recorded with a vibration sensor, generally an acceleration sensor, on the surface of the machine. The sensor converts the mechanical vibrations into an electrical signal which is then amplified, filtered and forwarded to an evaluation unit, e.g. a vibration monitor, where either the broad band vibration level is monitored (e.g. RMS of the vibration velocity according to VDI2056) or where selected frequencies of the vibration signal are monitored for characteristic features of machine damage. Reliable monitoring and diagnosis is only possible through suitable signal processing. According to VDI 3841, machine vibrations should be judged according to their absolute size and appearance. What are required here are dimension figures and patterns of known vibration events. The dimension figures are determinations of the vibration path, velocity or acceleration. These enable a statement on the running quality of a machine and serve as limits for alarming or shutdown. An evaluation of the vibrations according to their appearance is largely independent of the absolute vibration level. In other words: irregularities are still taken into account even if the vibration level is low and the limits for an alarm or shutdown have not yet been reached. 216 Appendix The various evaluation methods can be split into two groups:

analysis methods methods to determine characteristic parameters. A number of characteristic values and parameters can be used for vibration monitoring. Some of these characteristic values will be presented in more detail in section 0. However, we shall first of all turn our attention to the analytical methods of frequency analysis and demodulation analysis. 7.1.2 Frequency analysis Monitoring of the overall vibration levels is often inadequate for an early detection of damage. Rather, the overlying vibration components have to be separated and individually investigated or monitored. The vibration signal is hereby split into its frequency components by a Fourier transformation. In certain cases machine errors can be reliably identified through a classification of characteristic frequency shares. For example, a residual unbalance always causes a higher amplitude at the rotary frequency. The higher the amplitude, the greater the residual unbalance. Fig. 1 shows the frequency spectrum of an intact machine with a small residual unbalance. e d u t i l p m a l a n g i s fn frequency f/Hz Fig. 1 Frequency spectrum of a machine with a low residual unbalance (rotary frequency fn

=25 Hz) The amplitude of the rotary frequency at 25 Hz is small. Fig. 2 shows the frequency spectrum of a machine with a greater unbalance. The higher amplitude at the rotary frequency can be clearly seen (25 Hz). 217 e d u t i l p m a l a n g i s fn frequency f/Hz Fig. 2 Frequency spectrum of a machine with a great residual unbalance (rotary frequency fn

=25 Hz) 7.1.3 Demodulation analysis However, the majority of damages or faults cannot be detected as easily as unbalances since a damage is normally not indicated by simply one frequency. It usually leads to a frequency pattern consisting of various frequency shares whose intensities can fluctuate. A reliable detection and classification is then difficult. In the following we will pay particular attention to faults or damage which are accompanied by impact pulses during operation. A number of machine damage leads to impacts which cause the machine structure or other neighboring machine parts to vibrate. These impact-like excitations can be caused, for example, through cavitation or a rotor which knocks against a machine housing. These impacts also occur in roller bearing damage where either the roller rolls over a damage on the inner or outer race or where the roller itself is damaged. Impact-like excitations can also occur in intact machines, e.g. teeth meshing in gears. These impacts excite a number of machine resonances, the natural vibrations. This can be compared to a tuning fork when struck, which then vibrates at its own natural frequency. 218 Appendix e d u t i l p m a l a n g i s 0 0 Itime t/ms Fig. 3 Excitation of a machine resonance through a periodic sequence of impacts The machine resonances diminish exponentially. With a periodic excitation there is a basic temporal course as shown in Fig. 3, whereby the excitation of only one resonant frequency is simulated for simplicity sake. In a number of cases the impact-like excitations are also of a periodic nature in reality, i.e. the impacts are repeated at equal intervals in time, e.g. in roller bearing damage or in gears (assuming a constant speed). The resulting impact sequence frequency is characteristic for the corresponding machine part and/or machine damage. For example, if the outer race of a roller bearing is damaged, the impact sequence frequency is identical to that of the ball pass frequency of outer race. The frequency spectrum of this type of vibration signal consists of a number of frequencies, where all frequencies are multiples of the impact sequence frequency. The highest amplitudes appear in the range of the resonant frequency or resonant frequencies. Fig. 4 shows the corresponding frequency spectrum. Iresonant range e d u t i l p m a l a n g i s Iimpact sequence frequency Ifrequency f/Hz Fig. 4 Frequency spectrum with excitation through a periodic impact sequence 219 Periodic impact pulses can in principle be identified by monitoring the amplitude of the impact pulse sequence frequency for limit transgressions. However, the amplitude of the impact pulse sequence frequency is usually very low since it is not within the range of the resonance step-ups. Moreover, the lower frequency range (up to 1 kHz), in which the impact pulse sequence frequencies usually lie, is disturbed by various machine noises. This makes it difficult, if not impossible to reliably detect impact pulse sequences. Low-intensity impact pulses such as frequently occur at the start of a damage are almost impossible to detect by this method. Fig. 5 shows the problem. The amplitude of the impact pulse sequence frequency is lost completely in the noise level. e d u t i l p m a l a n g i s Iresonant range Inoise level Iimpact sequence frequency Ifrequency f/Hz Fig. 5 Frequency spectrum with excitation through a periodic impact sequence taking into account the real noise level Fig. 6 and 7 show real frequency spectra for two identical roller bearings where one has serious and the other only minor damage to the outer race. In both cases the impact pulse sequence frequency, i.e. the ball pass frequency of the outer race fA, is around 105 Hz. It can be seen as base frequency in the seriously damaged bearing, but not in the slightly damaged bearing (note the different scales for the signal amplitudes of both spectra!). 220 Appendix e d u t i l p m a l a n g i s e d u t i l p m a l a n g i s 11fa 10fa 13fa 14fa 12fa 15fa 16fa 18fa 19fa 17fa 9fa 8fa 6fa 7fa 5fa fa 3fa 2fa Fig. 6 Frequency spectrum of a bearing with serious outer race damage Ifrequency f/Hz 12f a 10fa 11fa 9fa 13f a 14fa 15fa 16fa 19fa 18fa 17fa Fig. 7 Frequency spectrum of a bearing with minor outer race damage Ifrequency f/Hz The impact pulse sequence is thus mainly identified by the higher multiples of the impact pulse sequence frequency which lie in the machine resonance range, in this case between 1 kHz and 1.5 kHz. The demodulation analysis makes use of this fact. Impact pulse sequences in a vibration signal can be detected and investigated very precisely by means of an demodulation analysis. The formation of an signal demodulation has been derived from radio technology where it is used to demodulate amplitude-modulated signals (Note). Since the periodic impact excitation of machine resonances is very similar to an amplitude modulation, there follows a brief description of the principle of amplitude modulation:

221 An amplitude-modulated signal consists of a high-frequency carrier signal and a low-frequency wanted signal, whereby the amplitude of the carrier signal varies as a function of the wanted signal. The wanted signal can thus be transferred together with the high-frequency carrier signal. The wanted signal is then separated from the carrier signal by the receiver by means of enveloping. This procedure is called demodulation. In the case of machine resonances excited by periodic impact sequences, the machine resonances can be seen as the carrier signal and the low-pass filtered impact Thus, demodulation separates the impact pulse from the resonant frequencies. Enveloping can be carried out by various methods, e.g. the use of the Hilbert transformation or through various types of rectification. The most common method of enveloping is shown in Fig. 8. pulse sequences as the low-frequency modulation signal. Ivibration signal F{x(t)}

Ienvelope frequency spectrum Ihigh-pass filter Irectification Ilow-pass filter Ifourier transformation Fig. 8 Principle of demodulation analysis hereby ensures that Lower-frequency shares of only the interesting carrier The high-pass filter before rectification, sometimes also designed as a band pass filter, frequencies are demodulation. which would otherwise also be rectified and would pass through the subsequent low-pass filter unhindered can thus be effectively suppressed. Rectification separates the modulation signal from the carrier signal. The subsequent low-pass filter suppresses the signal share of the high-frequency carrier signal. The remaining signal then only consists of the modulation signal with a synchronous share. Fig. 9, 10 and 11 demonstrate this process on the basis of the demodulation of a high-frequency sinusoidal vibration which has been amplitude modulated with a low-frequency sinusoidal vibration. the original signal e d u t i l p m a l a n g i s 2 1 0

-1

-2 0 20 40 Itime t/ms Fig. 9 Amplitude-modulated sinusoidal vibration Ihigh-pass filter 222 Appendix e d u t i l p m a l a n g i s 2 1 0

-1

-2 0 20 40 Itime t/ms Fig. 10 Rectified, amplitude-modulated sinusoidal vibration e d u t i l p m a l a n g i s 0,5 0

-0,5 0 20 40 Itime t/ms Irectification Ilow-pass filter Fig. 11 Low-pass filtered, rectified amplitude-modulated sinusoidal vibration After low-pass filtering only the modulation signal is present, namely the low-frequency sinusoidal vibration which is displaced by a synchronous share because of rectification. An impact-like excited machine resonance can also be demodulated in a similar manner. This is shown in the Fig. 12, 13 and 14. e d u t i l p m a l a n g i s 2 1 0

-1

-2 Ihigh-pass filter 0 20 40 Itime t/ms Fig. 12 Impact-like excited machine resonance 223 e d u t i l p m a l a n g i s 2 1 0

-1

-2 0 20 40 Itime t/ms Fig. 13 Rectified, impact-like excited machine resonance e d u t i l p m a l a n g i s 0,5 0

-0,5 0 20 40 Itime t/ms Irectification Ilow-pass filter Fig. 14 Low-pass filtered, rectified impact-like excited machine resonance The frequency spectrum of the demodulation signal is generally investigated using demodulation analysis. The frequency spectrum of the low-pass filtered, rectified amplitude-modulated sinusoidal vibration in Fig. 11 is trivial since this is only a sinusoidal vibration. If the synchronous share is suppressed this leaves a frequency spectrum which shows only one higher amplitude at the frequency of the low-frequency sinusoidal vibration, see Fig. 15. F{x(t)}

Ifourier transformation 0,5 e d u t i l p m a l a n g i s 0 0 200 400 Ifrequency f/Hz Fig. 15 Frequency spectrum of demodulation signal from Fig. 11 (synchronous share suppressed) The demodulation signal of the periodic, impact-like excited machine resonance in Fig. 14 on the other hand shows higher amplitudes at the impact pulse sequence 224 frequency and its multiples, see Fig. 16. The intensity of the amplitudes hereby diminishes with increasing multiples. Appendix F{x(t)}

Ifourier transformation 0,1 e d u t i l p m a l a n g i s 0 0 Ifrequency f/Hz Fig. 16 Frequency spectrum of the demodulation signal from Fig. 14 (synchronous share frequency impact sequence 400 suppressed) pulses fluctuates periodically, The appearance of multiples is typical for impact pulses. The intensity can fluctuate - nor must the impact pulse sequence frequency always have the same amplitude - but there are always a number of multiples. If the intensity of the impact further frequencies occur within the demodulation spectrum, namely the base frequency of the intensity fluctuation and side bands around the impact pulse sequence frequency and its multiples. A knowledge of the frequency, intensity and characteristics of an impact pulse sequence enable the detection, localisation and estimation of the extent of machine damage. Enveloping is predestined to extract this information from the vibration signal. Enveloping has proven itself for the early detection of roller bearing damage in various applications. If a damage is rolled over on the running surface or body of a roller bearing at a constant speed, this leads to a periodic sequence of impact pulses which excite resonances of the bearing or neighboring machine parts. Fig. 17 shows the typical vibration signal for a bearing with a seriously damaged outer race (strong local pitting on the running surface). The corresponding frequency spectrum can be seen in Fig. 6, Fig. 18 and Fig. 19 show the demodulation curves derived from this and the demodulation spectrum. The impact pulse sequence frequency at 105 Hz and its multiples can be clearly seen. e d u t i l p m a l a n g i s 2 1 0

-1

-2 Ihigh-pass filter Itime t/ms Fig. 17 Vibration signal for a roller bearing with strong pitting on the outer race surface 0 40 80 225 0,5 0 e d u t i l p m a l a n g i s Ilow-pass filter Fig. 18 Demodulation of the vibration signal from Fig. 17 Roller bearing with serious pitting damage on the outer race surface 0 40 80 Itime t/ms F{x(t)}

Ifourier transformation 0,05 e d u t i l p m a l a n g i s 0 0 500 1000 Ifrequency f/Hz Fig. 19 Frequency spectrum of the demodulation signal from Fig. 18 Roller bearing with serious pitting damage on the outer race surface The superiority of enveloping compared to investigations in the conventional frequency spectrum is also demonstrated in Fig. 20, Fig. 21 and Fig. 22. Fig. 20 shows the vibration signal of the bearing with a slightly damaged outer race (minor pitting on the outer race surface). The impact pulse sequence frequency cannot be detected in the corresponding frequency spectrum, Fig. 7, so that damage detection proves difficult on the basis of a frequency analysis. On the other hand, the impact pulse sequence frequency and its multiples can be clearly seen in the demodulation spectrum, whereby the amplitude is much lower than with a seriously damaged bearing (note the different scales). The signal-to-noise ratio is also lower. e d u t i l p m a l a n g i s 0,04 0,02 0

-0,02

-0,04 Ihigh-pass filter 226 0 40 80 Itime t/ms Appendix Fig. 20 Vibration signal for a roller bearing with minor pitting damage on the outer race surface 0,006 0,003 0 e d u t i l p m a l a n g i s Ilow-pass filter 0 40 80 Itime t/ms Fig. 21 Demodulation of the vibration signal in Fig. 20 Roller bearing with minor pitting damage on the outer race surface F{x(t)}

Ifourier transformation 0,001 e d u t i l p m a l a n g i s 0 0 500 1000 Ifrequency f/Hz Fig. 22 Frequency spectrum of the demodulation signal from Fig. 20 Roller bearing with minor pitting damage on the outer race surface Enveloping can be used to diagnose even very slowly rotating roller bearings, provided impact-like excitation occurs when the bearing rolls over the damage. This is the case, for example, in large roller bearings. Damage here can even be detected at speed of 1 rpm /2/. 7.1.4 Vibration characteristic values A number of characteristic values are used in vibration monitoring. Simple characteristic values such as the arithmetical mean value, the peak-to-peak value though also the peak value of a signal are shown in Fig. 23. 227 Characteristic values Iarithmetical mean value Ipeak-to-peak value Ipeak value RMS value (root mean square) v RMSv v pv ppv v

t 1 t 2 ppv pv v RMS

1 T t t 2 t 1 T 0 tv

dt tv

2 dt Fig. 23 Simple characteristic values for a vibration signal 7.1.4.1 Arithmetic mean value The arithmetical mean value is not normally used to monitor the speed or acceleration signal since it results in 0 on account of the symmetry to the time axis. 7.1.4.2 Peak values (peak, peak to peak) The peak to peak or peak values are monitored as characteristic values if a fast reaction is needed on a machine following a change in vibration, e.g. emergency shutdown if a break is detected. 7.1.4.3 Root mean square (RMS) The RMS (root mean square) is also called the effective value. It is often used to assess the vibration intensity. The RMS-value can be determined in both the time and frequency range. It is determined from the time signal as follows:

228 Appendix

, where x(t) are the amplitudes of the A/D converted time signal. N is the number of values used to determine the mean. The RMS-value can be calculated from the one-sided frequency spectrum (also called autocorrelation spectrum), e.g. where X(0) is the synchronous share, X(f) the amplitudes in the frequency spectrum, T the FFT-window size and fsample the sample frequency. If the same vibration signal is taken as a basis the results are almost identical for both types of calculation. The RMS-value of the vibration velocity is generally expressed in the unit [mm/s], the RMS-value of the vibration acceleration in [g]. 7.1.4.4 Broad band RMS value A number of standards and guidelines quote limits for the broad band RMS-value of the vibration velocity in the frequency range between 10 Hz and 1000 Hz, e.g. VDI 2056 or DIN ISO 10816. This effective value of the vibration velocity is a measure of the energy content of the vibration. In a broad band RMS-value all vibration shares are added together, for example the high vibration amplitudes of an unbalance just as well as the low vibration level of a pending roller bearing damage. This means that only strong deviations to the vibration shares can be detected by monitoring a broad band RMS-value. Changes to individual vibration shares may be overlooked by broad band monitoring. An early and reliable detection of damages, e.g. roller bearing faults, is then impossible. 7.1.4.5 Selective RMS value The monitoring of individual frequency bands is thus sensible for an early detection of damage. The selective RMS-value can be used as a characteristic value for these frequency bands. This can be formed by selecting the desired frequency band with a suitable band pass filter before RMS calculation. However, a better and more exact calculation is possible by forming the selected RMS in the frequency range, whereby only the amplitudes within the narrow band frequency range are taken into account during summation:

where fu and fo are the lower and upper limit for the narrow band frequency range 229 used for RMS formation. This means that selective RMS-values can be calculated which take into account the amplitudes from a number of narrow band frequency ranges. 7.1.5 Bibliography

[1]

Geropp, B.: Schwingungsdiagnose an Wlzlagern mit Hilfe der Hllkur ven-

analyse. Dissertation RWTH Aachen, 1995 Geropp, B.; Burgwinkel, P.; Keler, H.-W.: Schadensdiagnose an extrem langsam drehenden Wlzlagern mit Hilfe einer preiswerten Schwingungssensorik. In VDI-Berichte Nr. 1220, 1995

[2]

230 Appendix 7.2 Principles of non-contact temperature measurement

(Dr.-Ing Gruner, Raytek) 7.2.1 Introduction This manual was written for people who are unfamiliar with noncontact infrared temperature measurement. A conscious attempt has been made to present the subject matter as briefly and simply as possible. Readers who wish to gain more in-depth knowledge can follow the suggestions for further reading in the bibliography. This manual focuses on the practical operations of noncontact temperature measurement devices and IR thermometry, and answers important questions that may arise. If you plan to use a noncontact temperature measurement send us the completed questionnaire (in the appendix) prior to use. device and require further advice, 7.2.2 Advantages of using IR thermometers Temperature is the most frequently measured physical quantity, second only to time. Temperature plays an important role as an indicator of the condition of a product or piece of machinery, both in manufacturing and in quality control. Accurate temperature monitoring improves product quality and increases productivity. Downtimes are decreased, since the manufacturing processes can proceed without interruption and under optimal conditions. Infrared technology is not a new phenomenon - it has been utilized successfully in industrial and research settings for decades - but new innovations have reduced costs, increased reliability, and resulted in noncontact infrared sensors offering smaller units of measurement. All of these factors have led infrared technology to become an area of interest for new kinds of applications and users. What are the advantages offered by noncontact temperature measurement?

It is fast (in the ms range) - time is saved, allowing for more measurements and accumulation of data (determination of temperature field). It facilitates measurement of moving targets (conveyor processes). Measurements can be taken of hazardous or physically inaccessible objects

(high-voltage parts, great measurement distance). Measurements of high temperatures (greater than 1300C) present no problems. In similar cases, contact thermometers cannot be used, or have a limited life. There is no interference - no energy is lost from the target. For example, in the case of a poor heat conductor such as plastic or wood, measurements are extremely accurate with no distortion of measured values, as compared to measurements with contact thermometers. There is no risk of contamination and no mechanical effect on the surface of the object; thus wear-free. Lacquered surfaces, for example, are not scratched and soft surfaces can also be measured. 231 Having enumerated the advantages, there remains the question of what to keep in mind when using an IR thermometer:

The target must be optically (infrared-optically) visible to the IR thermometer. High levels of dust or smoke make measurement less accurate. Concrete obstacles, such as a closed metallic reaction vessel, allow for only topical measurement - the inside of the container cannot be measured. The optics of the sensor must be protected from dust and condensing liquids.

(Manufacturers supply the necessary equipment for this.) Normally, only surface temperatures can be measured, with the differing emissivities of different material surfaces taken into account. Summary: The main advantages of noncontact IR thermometry are speed, lack of interference, and the ability to measure in high temperature ranges to 3000C. Keep in mind that only the surface temperature can be measured. 7.2.3 Infrared measuring system An IR thermometer can be compared to the human eye. The lens of the eye represents the optics through which the radiation (flow of photons) from the object reaches the photosensitive layer (retina) via the atmosphere. This is converted into a signal that is sent to the brain. Fig. 1 shows an infrared measuring system process flow. Fig. 1 Infrared measuring system 7.2.4 Target Every form of matter with a temperature (T) above absolute zero emits infrared radiation according to its temperature. This is called characteristic radiation. The cause of this is the internal mechanical movement of molecules. The intensity of 232 Appendix this movement depends on the temperature of the object. Since the molecule movement represents charge displacement, electromagnetic radiation (photon particles) is emitted. These photons move at the speed of light and behave according to the known optical principles. They can be deflected, focused with a lens, or reflected from reflective surfaces. The spectrum of this radiation ranges from 0.7 to 1000 m wavelength. For this reason, this radiation cannot normally be seen with the naked eye. This area lies within the red area of visible light and has therefore been called "infra"-red after the Latin. (See Fig. 2). Fig. 2 The electromagnetic spectrum, with range from around 0.7 to 14 m useful for measuring purposes Fig. 3 shows the typical radiation of a body at different temperatures. As indicated, bodies at high temperatures still emit a small amount of visible radiation. This is why everyone can see objects at very high temperatures (above 600C) glowing somewhere from red to white. Experienced steelworkers can even estimate temperature quite accurately from the color. The classic disappearing filament pyrometer was used in the steel and iron industries from 1930 on. The invisible part of the spectrum, however, contains up to 100,000 times more energy. Infrared measuring technology builds on this. It can likewise be seen in Fig. 3 that the radiation maximum move toward ever-shorter wavelengths as the target temperature rises, and that the curves of a body do not overlap at different temperatures. The radiant energy in the entire wavelength range (area beneath each curve) increases to the power of 4 of the temperature. These relationships were recognized by Stefan and Boltzmann in 1879 and illustrate that an unambiguous temperature can be measured from the radiation signal. /1/, /3/, /4/

and /5/. 233 Fig. 3 Radiation characteristics of a blackbody in relation to its temperature. /3/. Looking at Fig. 3, then, the goal should be to set up the IR thermometer for the widest range possible in order to gain the most energy (corresponding to the area below a curve) or signal from the target. There are, however, some instances in which this is not always advantageous. For instance, in Fig. 3, the intensity of radiation increases at 2 m - much more when the temperature increases than at 10 m. The greater the radiance difference per temperature difference, the more accurately the IR thermometer works. In accordance with the displacement of the radiation maximum to smaller wavelengths with increasing temperature (Wien's Displacement Law), the wavelength range behaves in accordance with the measuring temperature range of the pyrometer. At low temperatures, an IR thermometer working at 2 m would stop at temperatures below 600C, seeing little to nothing since there is too little radiation energy. A further reason for having devices for different wavelength ranges is the emissivity pattern of some materials known as non-gray bodies (glass, metals, and plastic films). Fig. 3 shows the ideal

- the so-called "blackbody". Many bodies, however, emit less radiation at the same temperature. The relation between the real emissive power and that of a blackbody is known as emissivity (epsilon) and can be a maximum of 1 (body corresponds to the ideal blackbody) and a minimum of 0. Bodies with emissivity less than 1 are called gray bodies. Bodies where emissivity is also dependent on temperature and wavelength are called non-gray bodies. Furthermore, the sum of emission is composed of absorption (A), reflection (R) and transmission (T) and is equal to one. (See Equation 1 and Fig. 4). 234 A + R + T = 1

(1) Appendix Fig. 4 In addition to the radiation emitted from the target, the sensor also receives reflected radiation and can also let radiation through. Solid bodies have no transmission in the infrared range (T = 0). In accordance with Kirchhofs Law, it is assumed that all the radiation absorbed by a body, and which has led to an increase in temperature, is then also emitted by this body. The result, then, for absorption and emission is:

A <=> E = 1 - R (2) The ideal blackbody also has no reflectance (R = 0), so that E = 1. Many non-metallic materials such as wood, plastic, rubber, organic materials, rock, or concrete have surfaces that reflect very little, and therefore have high emissivities between 0.8 and 0.95. By contrast, metals - especially those with polished or shiny surfaces - have emissivities at around 0.1. IR thermometers compensate for this by offering variable options for setting the emissivity factor.

(See also Fig. 5). 235 Fig. 5 Specific radiation at various emississivity 7.2.5 Handling the pyrometer 7.2.5.1 Distance to spot size ratio Distance to spot ratio (or field of view) refers to the diameter of the spot that the probe is sensing at a given distance. The closer you are to the object (or target), the smaller the area (or spot) the probe is sensing. For example when the probe is held at a 200 mm (8 in.) distance from the target, the spot size is approximately 50 mm (2 in.); at 100 mm (4 in.) the spot size is approximately 25 mm (1 in.), and with the probe held at 50 mm (2 in.) distance from the target, the spot size is approximately 13 mm ( in.). Hot spots can be missed if too large an area is included in the field of view, so get as close as possible! (See Fig. 6 and Fig. 7). Fig. 6 Spot size 236 Appendix Fig. 7 Size of the measuring object 7.2.5.2 Emissivity All objects emit invisible infrared energy. The amount of energy emitted is proportional to the object's temperature and its ability to emit IR energy. This ability, called emissivity, is base upon the material that the object is made of and its surface finish. Emissivity values range from 0.10 for a very refective object to 1.00 for a black body. The probe senses this energy and calculates the temperature base on the amount of IR energy it receives and the factory set emissivity value of 0.95, which will cover 90% of typical applications. 7.2.5.3 Measurement considerations If the surface to measured is small [13 mm ( in.) or less], hold the probe as close as possible to the surface [no more than 50 mm (2 in.) away]. If the surface to be measured is covered by frost or other material, clean it to expose the surface. If the surface to be measured is highly refective, apply masking tape or a matte finish black paint to the surface. If the probe seems to be giving incorrect readings check the front of the probe. There may be condensation or debris obstructing the sensor; clean according to maintenance instructions. 7.2.6 Bibliography

[1] Walther, Herrmann:

Fachbuchverlag Leipzig Wissensspeicher Infrarotmesstechnik, 1990, 237

[2]

[3]

[4]

Stahl, Miosga: Grundlagen Infrarottechnik, 1980, Dr. Alfred Htthig Verlag Heidelberg VDI/VDE Strahlungsthermometrie, Januar 1995, VDI 3511 Blatt 4 De Witt, Nutter: Theory and Practice of Radiation Thermometry, 1988, John Wiley&Son, New York, ISBN 0-471-61018-6 Temperaturmessungen Technische Richtlinie,

[5] Wolfe, Zissis: The Infrared Handbook, 1978, Office of Naval Research, Department of the Navy, Washington DC. 238 8 Technical data Device name Inputs Vibration measurements Outputs Measuring ranges Characteristic values Technical data FAG DETECTOR III, DETECT3-KIT 2 * BNC connectors (multiplexer) ICP (4,7 mA), arbitrary configurable sensitivity AC/DC 5V, impedance >100 kOhm 1 * AUX Tachometer input 5 up to 24V, 30-9999 RPM (rising or falling edge selectable) IR-temperature sensor 5V, impedance >100 kOhm (freely configurable) Battery charger Headphone (demodulation signal) RS 232 for data transfer (38.4 kbps; 57.6 kbps) AUX: supply trigger sensor (5 V max. 200 mA, 12 V max. 50 mA) Acceleration / velocity 0.1 Hz to lowpass 0.1 Hz to 200 Hz; 0.1 Hz to 500 Hz;

Demodulation 0 Hz until lowpass Lowpasses 200 Hz, 500 Hz, 1 kHz, 2 kHz, 5 kHz, 10 kHz, 20 kHz Highpass (demodulation branch) 750 Hz Temperature 20 C to +550 C (temperature range depends on the used sensor, freely configurable input) Aeff (2 kHz to lowpass), RMS value of the vibration acceleration Asel RMS value of the vibration acceleration in a freely configurable frequency range ISO 10816 (10 Hz to 1000 Hz), RMS value of the vibration velocity Vsel RMS value of the vibration velocity in a freely configurable frequency range Deff (frequency range depends on lowpass frequency), RMS value of the demodulation signal Dsel Effective demodulation signal in a freely configurable frequency range Crest factor, rotational speed, temperature Hanning Window type Averaging in frequency domain 19 (FFT, characteristic value per channel) Sampling rate A/D-converter Frequency resolution Linear max. 51.2 kHz, depending on the configured lowpass frequency

(configured lowpass * 2.56) 16 bit (autoranging) Dynamic range >90 db 1600, 3200 lines (0.0625 Hz up to 12.5 Hz depending on the configured lowpass frequency) 239 Balancing Balancing type Measurement Balancing units Weights units General Additional measurements Keyboard Display Memory Power supply Size and weight Temperature range Operation time Housing Protective bag EMC standards Firmware Software 240 1 or 2 plane balancing Weight positions: continuous (0 to 359) or discrete (4 to 99 positions) Remove trial weights: yes/no Acceleration, velocity, displacement Peak, Peak Peak, RMS g, mm/s, inch/s, m, mil gr., oz. (up to 99 999.99 gr. / oz.) Temperature, rotational speed, headphone (demodulation) Foil keyboard with 21 keys Backlit graphic display (LCD) 128x 64 pixels, dimension 55 x 33 mm 1600 measuring points plus 270 time signals (maximal 300 time signals) NiMh 2 000 mAh Voltage 6V Operation time approx. 6 to 8 hours (charging time for empty battery approx. 4 h) 230 x 70 (53) x 45 (53) mm (L x W x H) approx. 500g (including battery) 0 to 50 C (operating temperature) 0 to 40C (to load the charger) 20 to +70 C (storage and transport temperature) approx. 6 to 8 hours continuous operation ABS IP 40 Two compartments, black nylon material 2 windows with foil cover, openings with Velcro strip fastener Velcro strip ties for cables and sensor, carrying strap EN61000-4-2 EN61000-4-3 EN61000-4-6 Free firmware updates on the Internet Available languages:

German, English, Finnish, French, Italian,Dutch, Portuguese, Swedish, Slovenian, Spanish and Turkish FAG-Trendline (updates on the Internet) Runs on Windows 2000 and XP Available in: German, English, French, Portuguese and Spanish Technical data Configuration of the FAG Detector III via RS 232-interface Bearing database with ca. 20 000 bearings Graphical display of the measured values and trends Trend analysis View of time signals and FFTs Tabular and graphic view of the balancing data Configurable report tool 241 Index

- F -

FlashUpdater 208 Free measurement Free balancing measurement 201 Free CM measurement 201 Free run up/coast down measurement 201

- K -

Keyboard shortcuts Viewer 171

- M -

Main menu Balancing 178 Condition monitoring 178 Single measurements 178 System menu 178 Measurement at new measuring point 201 Measuring point Configuration 45 Export 106 GUID 110 Memory manager 178

- R -

Report Alarm report 100 Balancing report 102 Measuring report 96 Route report 102 RFID status 45, 53, 61

- S -

Sensor Acceleration sensor 34 Index

? (Help) 31

- A -

Accumulator Charge Level 178 Accumulator symbol 176, 178 Alarm levels change automatically 65

- B -

Balancing Settings 189 Bearing database Add bearing 71 Damage frequencies 71 Export bearings 74 Export custom bearings 74 Geometry data 71 Import bearings 74 Manufacturer details 71

- C -

Change language 178 Characteristic values 15 Create for free measurement 83 template 83

- D -

Detector Calibration 178 Download measuring data 85 Update firmware 208

- E -

Export measuring point 106 242 Sensor add 34 Temperature sensor 34 Trigger sensor 34 Sesor delete 52 edit 52 Single measurement Headphones 178 Rot. speed 178 Temperature 178 Sorting Wizard 86 System menu Accumulator Charge Level 178 Change language 178 Detector info 178 Set LCD light 178

- T -

Toolbar 91 Trendline 18 Installation 19

- U -

USB serial adapter Configure serial interface 36 Install software 36 Remove software 36

- V -

Vector calculator 189 Viewer Keyboard shortcuts 171 Index 243 244

		frequency	equipment class	purpose
1	2007-07-24	13.56 ~ 13.56	DXT - Part 15 Low Power Transceiver, Rx Verified	Original Equipment

Application Forms

app s	Applicant Information
1	Effective	2007-07-24
1	Applicant's complete, legal business name	FAG Industrial Services GmbH
1	FCC Registration Number (FRN)	0016219842
1	Physical Address	Kaiserstrasse 100
1		Herzogenrath, N/A 52134
1		Germany

app s	TCB Information
1	TCB Application Email Address	b******@phoenix-testlab.de
1	TCB Scope	A1: Low Power Transmitters below 1 GHz (except Spread Spectrum), Unintentional Radiators, EAS (Part 11) & Consumer ISM devices

app s	FCC ID
1	Grantee Code	U5G
1	Equipment Product Code	DETECT3

app s	Person at the applicant's address to receive grant or for contact
1	Name	L****** H**
1	Title	Developer
1	Telephone Number	+49-2********
1	Fax Number	+49-2********
1	E-mail	L******@schaeffler.com

app s	Technical Contact
		n/a

app s	Non Technical Contact
		n/a

app s	Confidentiality (long or short term)
1	Does this application include a request for confidentiality for any portion(s) of the data contained in this application pursuant to 47 CFR § 0.459 of the Commission Rules?:	Yes
1	Long-Term Confidentiality Does this application include a request for confidentiality for any portion(s) of the data contained in this application pursuant to 47 CFR § 0.459 of the Commission Rules?:	No
	if no date is supplied, the release date will be set to 45 calendar days past the date of grant.

app s	Cognitive Radio & Software Defined Radio, Class, etc
1	Is this application for software defined/cognitive radio authorization?	No
1	Equipment Class	DXT - Part 15 Low Power Transceiver, Rx Verified
1	Description of product as it is marketed: (NOTE: This text will appear below the equipment class on the grant)	Inductive Tag Reader
1	Related OET KnowledgeDataBase Inquiry: Is there a KDB inquiry associated with this application?	No
1	Modular Equipment Type	Does not apply
1	Purpose / Application is for	Original Equipment
1	Composite Equipment: Is the equipment in this application a composite device subject to an additional equipment authorization?	No
1	Related Equipment: Is the equipment in this application part of a system that operates with, or is marketed with, another device that requires an equipment authorization?	No
1	Is there an equipment authorization waiver associated with this application?	No
1	If there is an equipment authorization waiver associated with this application, has the associated waiver been approved and all information uploaded?	No

app s	Test Firm Name and Contact Information
1	Firm Name	PHOENIX TESTLAB GmbH
1	Name	H**** B******
1	Telephone Number	49-52********
1	Fax Number	49-52********
1	E-mail	o******@phoenix-testlab.de

Equipment Specifications
	Line	Rule Parts	Grant Notes	Lower Frequency	Upper Frequency	Power Output	Tolerance	Emission Designator	Microprocessor Number
1	1	15C	19	13.56000000	13.56000000		0.0100000000 %

some individual PII (Personally Identifiable Information) available on the public forms may be redacted, original source may include additional details