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1 | User Manual Part 1 | Users Manual | 62.45 KiB |
HUAWEI Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station Technical Manual System Description HUAWEI Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station Technical Manual System Principle 1.5cm T e c h n i c a l M a n u a l A i r b r i d g e B T S 3 6 1 2 A C D M A B a s e S t a t i o n 7cm Font: Arial 22pt , Product name: Bold 5.3cm 0.7cm 5cm 4cm HUAWEI Ver: T2-030298-
20031120-C-1.20 BOM: 31026098 2.5cm, Font: Arial, 9 pt Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Administration Building, Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd., Bantian, Longgang District, Shenzhen, P. R. China Postal Code: 518129 Website: http://www.huawei.com BOM: 31026098 A i r b r i d g e B T S 3 6 1 2 A C D M A B a s e S a t t i o n T e c h n c a i l M a n u a l H u a w e i l T e c h n o o g e s C o i
, L t d
. A i r b r i d g e B T S 3 6 1 2 A C D M A B a s e S t a t i o n T e c h n c a l i M a n u a l H u a w e i l T e c h n o o g e s C o i
, L t d
. A i r b r i d g e B T S 3 6 1 2 A C D M A B a s e S a t t i o n T e c h n c a i l M a n u a l H u a w e i l T e c h n o o g e s C o i
, L t d
. A i r b r i d g e B T S 3 6 1 2 A C D M A B a s e S a t t i o n T e c h n c a i l M a n u a l H u a w e i l T e c h n o o g e s C o i
, L t d
. 1 5 7 c m 1 0 c m Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station Technical Manual A i r b r i d g e B T S 3 6 1 2 A B a s e S t a t i o n C D M A Technical Manual Maintenance Manual Data Configuration Manual HUAWEI BOM: 31026098 BOM: 31033317 BOM: 31161099 HUAWEI 1. System Description 2. System Principle Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station Technical Manual V100R002 Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station Technical Manual Manual Version T2-030298-20031120-C-1.20 Product Version V100R002 BOM 31026098 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. provides customers with comprehensive technical support and service. Please feel free to contact our local office or company headquarters. Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Address: Administration Building, Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd., Bantian, Longgang District, Shenzhen, P. R. China Postal Code: 518129 Website: http://www.huawei.com Email: support@huawei.com Copyright 2003 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Trademarks
, HUAWEI, C&C08, EAST8000, HONET, InfoLink, Netkey, Quidway, SYNLOCK, Radium,
, ViewPoint, INtess, ETS, DMC, TELLIN, M900/M1800, TELESIGHT, Quidview, Musa, Airbridge, Tellwin, Inmedia, VRP, DOPRA, iTELLIN, HUAWEI OptiX, C&C08 iNET, NETENGINE, OptiX, iSite, U-SYS, iMUSE, OpenEye, Lansway, SmartAX, infoX, TopEng are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All other trademarks mentioned in this manual are the property of their respective holders. Notice The information in this manual is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the preparation of this manual to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, and recommendations in this manual do not constitute the warranty of any kind, express or implied. About This Manual Release Notes This manual applies to Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station V100R002. Organization This Technical Manual gives a systematic introduction on the technical principles, structures and maintenance methods of Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station
(BTS3612A hereafter). It is divided into two modules:
Module 1 System Description This module introduces the product features, product architecture, main functions, reliability design, operation and maintenance system, technical indices and so on.
Module 2 System Principle This module first introduces the system structure of BTS3612A, including its baseband subsystem, RF subsystem, antenna & feeder subsystem, power and environment monitoring subsystem, and then describes the lightning protection and grounding, BTS signal flows and BTS configuration. Intended Audience The manual is intended for the following readers:
Installation engineers & technicians
Operation & maintenance personnel Conventions The manual uses the following conventions:
I. General conventions Convention Arial Arial Narrow Description Normal paragraphs are in Arial. Warnings, Cautions, Notes and Tips are in Arial Narrow. Boldface Courier New Headings are in Boldface. Terminal Display is in Courier New. II. Command conventions Convention Description Boldface The keywords of a command line are in Boldface. italic
{ x | y | ... }
[ x | y | ... ]
{ x | y | ... } *
[ x | y | ... ] *
Command arguments are in italic. Items (keywords or arguments) in square brackets [ ] are optional. Alternative items are grouped in braces and separated by vertical bars. One is selected. Optional alternative items are grouped in square brackets and separated by vertical bars. One or none is selected. Alternative items are grouped in braces and separated by vertical bars. A minimum of one or a maximum of all can be selected. Optional alternative items are grouped in square brackets and separated by vertical bars. Many or none can be selected. III. GUI conventions Convention Description
Button names are inside angle brackets. For example, click the <OK>
button. Window names, menu items, data table and field names are inside square brackets. For example, pop up the [New User] window. Multi-level menus are separated by forward slashes. For example,
[File/Create/Folder]. IV. Keyboard operation Format
<Key>
<Key1+Key2>
<Key1, Key2>
Description Press the key with the key name inside angle brackets. For example,
<Enter>, <Tab>, <Backspace>, or <A>. Press the keys concurrently. For example, <Ctrl+Alt+A> means the three keys should be pressed concurrently. Press the keys in turn. For example, <Alt, A> means the two keys should be pressed in turn. V. Mouse operation Action Description Click Press the left button or right button quickly (left button by default). Double Click Press the left button twice continuously and quickly. Drag Press and hold the left button and drag it to a certain position. VI. Symbols Eye-catching symbols are also used in the manual to highlight the points worthy of special attention during the operation. They are defined as follows:
Caution, Warning, Danger: Means reader be extremely careful during the operation.
Note, Comment, Tip, Knowhow, Thought: Means a complementary description.
1 | User Manual Part 2 | Users Manual | 333.46 KiB |
Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Description Table of Contents Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction.................................................................................................................. 1-1 1.1 Huawei CDMA2000 1X System Network Solution ............................................................ 1-1 1.1.1 BSS Brief................................................................................................................. 1-2 1.1.2 CN Brief................................................................................................................... 1-3 1.2 Position of BTS3612A in the Network ............................................................................... 1-4 Chapter 2 Product Feature ........................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1 Technical Feature .............................................................................................................. 2-1 2.2 Easy Upgrade and Expansion ........................................................................................... 2-1 2.3 Powerful Environment Adaptability.................................................................................... 2-2 2.4 Convenient Operation and Maintenance ........................................................................... 2-3 2.5 Flexible Networking Mode ................................................................................................. 2-4 2.6 Serial Products for Seamless Coverage............................................................................ 2-5 Chapter 3 Product Architecture................................................................................................... 3-1 3.1 Cabinet Profile and Configuration...................................................................................... 3-1 3.1.1 Cabinet Profile......................................................................................................... 3-1 3.1.2 Cabinet Configuration ............................................................................................. 3-2 3.2 System Structure ............................................................................................................... 3-4 3.2.1 Baseband Subsystem ............................................................................................. 3-4 3.2.2 Radio Frequency Subsystem.................................................................................. 3-5 3.2.3 Antenna and Feeder Subsystem............................................................................. 3-5 3.2.4 Power and Environment Monitoring Subsystem..................................................... 3-6 3.3 External Physical Interface ................................................................................................ 3-6 Chapter 4 Main Functions ............................................................................................................ 4-1 4.1 Basic Function ................................................................................................................... 4-1 4.2 Radio Network Function .................................................................................................... 4-2 4.2.1 Power Control.......................................................................................................... 4-2 4.2.2 Handoff.................................................................................................................... 4-3 4.2.3 Radio Configuration ................................................................................................ 4-4 4.2.4 Channel Configuration ............................................................................................ 4-5 4.2.5 Receiving Diversity.................................................................................................. 4-6 4.2.6 Cell Breathing.......................................................................................................... 4-6 Chapter 5 Reliability Design......................................................................................................... 5-1 5.1 System Reliability............................................................................................................... 5-1 5.2 Hardware Reliability........................................................................................................... 5-2 5.3 Software Reliability ............................................................................................................ 5-3 i System Description Table of Contents Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station Chapter 6 Operation and Maintenance System.......................................................................... 6-1 6.1 Structure of the O&M System............................................................................................ 6-1 6.1.1 Local O&M System ................................................................................................. 6-1 6.1.2 M2000 Mobile Network Management System ........................................................ 6-2 6.2 Operation and Maintenance Function ............................................................................... 6-3 Chapter 7 Technical Indices......................................................................................................... 7-1 7.1 Structure and Environment Indices.................................................................................... 7-1 7.2 Capacity Indices................................................................................................................. 7-2 7.3 Transmitter and Receiver Indices at 450MHz Band.......................................................... 7-2 7.4 Transmitter and Receiver Indices at 800MHz Band.......................................................... 7-3 7.5 Transmitter and Receiver Indices at 1900MHz Band........................................................ 7-3 7.6 ODU3601C Cascading ...................................................................................................... 7-4 Appendix A Standard Compliance ..............................................................................................A-1 A.1 General Technical Specification........................................................................................A-1 A.2 Um Interface......................................................................................................................A-1 A.3 Abis Interface.....................................................................................................................A-1 A.4 Lightning Protection...........................................................................................................A-2 A.5 Safety ................................................................................................................................A-3 A.6 EMC...................................................................................................................................A-3 A.7 Environment ......................................................................................................................A-5 Appendix B Abbreviations and Acronyms .................................................................................B-1 ii Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Description Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 1 Introduction The mobile communication system has experienced the first generation (analog system) and the second generation (digital system). As one of the main development trends of the second generation, the CDMA2000 1X technology, advocated by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2), has been widely used for commercial purpose. The CDMA2000 1X technology complies with IS-95A and IS-95B standards. The capacity of CDMA2000 1X system has increased substantially since it adopts technologies such as reverse pilot, fast power control and transmit diversity. This chapter first introduces the network solution of Huawei CDMA2000 1X mobile communication system, and then the market position of Huawei outdoor BTS3612A. 1.1 Huawei CDMA2000 1X System Network Solution The Huawei CDMA2000 1X mobile communication system comprises the Base Station Subsystem (BSS) and the Core Network (CN). The operation and maintenance of the system are implemented via an integrated mobile network management system. Figure 1-1 shows the network of CDMA2000 1X system. This manual aims to introduce the BTS product of the BSS part. Therefore, this figure details the network structure of BSS. 1-1 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Description Chapter 1 Introduction Mobile Network Mobile Network Management System Management System Packet Domain Packet Domain Network Equipment Network Equipment Internet Internet MS MSMS ODU3601C ODU3601C ODU3601C BTS3601C BTS3601C BTS3601C ODU3601C ODU3601C ODU3601C BTS3606 BTS3606 BTS3606 BSC/PCF BSC/PCF Abis Abis Abis Abis ODU3601C ODU3601C ODU3601C cBTS3612 cBTS3612 cBTS3612 MS MSMS ODU3601C ODU3601C ODU3601C BTS3612A BTS3612A BTS3612A BT S36 12A BT S36 12A BT S36 12A A3/A7 A3/A7 Abis Abis BTS3612A BTS3612A BTS3612A B TS36 12A B TS36 12A B TS36 12A Abis Abis MS MSMS BTS3612A BTS3612A BTS3612A B TS36 12A B TS36 12A B TS36 12A BSC/PCF BSC/PCF A10/A11 A10/A11 A10/A11 A10/A11 A A 1 1
A A 2 2 A1/A2 A1/A2 Circuit Domain Circuit Domain Network Equipment Network Equipment BSS BSS CN CN MS: Mobile Station PLMN: Public Land Mobile Network ISDN: Integrated Service Digital Network BSS: Base Station Subsystem BSC: Base Station Controller PSTN: Public Service Telephone Network PCF: Packet Control Function CN: Core Network Figure 1-1 Network structure of Huawei CDMA2000 1X system PLMN PLMNPLMNPLMN PSTN/ISDN PSTN/ISDN 1.1.1 BSS Brief The BSS comprises the Base Transceiver Station (BTS), Base Station Controller
(BSC), and Packet Control Function (PCF), which is usually integrated with the BSC. I. BTS The BTS is mainly responsible for transmitting and receiving radio signals to achieve the communication between the radio network and the Mobile Station (MS). Huawei provides a series of BTS products, including:
BTS3612A: Outdoor BTS equipment developed based on the cBTS3612. The maximum capacity of a single cabinet is 2 carriers 3 sectors. BTS3606: Indoor BTS equipment. The maximum capacity of a single cabinet is 2 carriers 3 sectors. cBTS3612: Indoor BTS equipment. The maximum capacity of a single cabinet is 4 carriers 3 sectors or 2 carriers 6 sectors. BTS3601C: Outdoor one-carrier BTS equipment.
ODU3601C: Outdoor one-carrier BTS. It shares the baseband processing resource of its upper-level BTS. It implements radio signal transmission and reception together with the upper-level BTS. 1-2 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station II. BSC/PCF The BSC performs the following functions:
System Description Chapter 1 Introduction BTS control and management. Call connection and disconnection.
Mobility management.
Power control. Radio resource management. The BSC provides stable and reliable radio connections for the upper-level services through soft or hard handoff. The PCF is used for the management of Radio-Packet (R-P) connection. As radio resources are limited, they should be released when subscribers are not sending or receiving information, but the Peer-Peer Protocol (PPP) connection must be maintained. PCF isolates the radio mobility from the upper-level services through the handoff function. III. MS The MS is the equipment used by the mobile subscriber. It can originate and receive calls, and can communicate with the BTS. 1.1.2 CN Brief The CN comprises the packet domain network and circuit domain network. I. Equipments of packet domain network Equipments of packet domain network include Packet Data Service Node (PDSN), Mobile Internet Protocol Home Agent (MIP HA), Authorization, Authentication and Accounting (AAA) and so on. These equipments interwork with the Internet. II. Equipments of circuit domain network Equipments of circuit domain network include Mobile Switching Center (MSC), Home Location Register (HLR), Gateway Mobile-services Switching Center (GMSC) and so on. These equipments interwork with the conventional Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) and Public Switched Telephone Network/Integrated Services Digital Network
(PSTN/ISDN). 1-3 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station 1.2 Position of BTS3612A in the Network System Description Chapter 1 Introduction The BTS3612A is located between the BSC and the MS in the CDMA2000 1X mobile communication system. Under the control of the BSC, the BTS3612A serves as the radio transceiver equipment of one cell or multiple logical sectors. By connecting to the BSC via the Abis interface, it assists the BSC in managing the radio resource, radio parameter and interface resouce. It also implements, via the Um interface, the radio transmission between the BTS and the MS as well as related control functions. The outdoor BTS3612A can accommodate to various climates and complex electromagnetic environments. It features low cost, fast installation and flexible environment adaptability. As an essential part of Huawei CDMA BTS series, it allows the radio network to achieve seamless coverage more easily. 1-4 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Description Chapter 2 Product Feature Chapter 2 Product Feature The BTS3612A is designed with considerations of customers' requirements for service, capacity, coverage, transmission, power supply, installation and maintenance. 2.1 Technical Feature The BTS3612A has the following technical features:
The advanced hierarchical structure allows the smooth upgrade to CDMA2000 1X EV. The operational mode of Channel Element (CE) pool improves the availability of the hardware resources, and the error tolerance capabilityof the system. The digital intermediate frequency technology enhances the signal processing capability. The BTS3612A supports bands of 450MHz, 800MHz and 1900MHz. The BTS3612A can be cascaded with the ODU3601C to flexibly expand the coverage area of radio network 2.2 Easy Upgrade and Expansion I. Compatibility design The BTS3612A is compatible with IS-95A/B and CDMA2000 1X, and can be upgraded to CDMA2000 1X EV smoothly. Huawei BTS3612A saves the operator's investment when the network is upgraded from IS-95 to CDMA2000 1X, or from CDMA2000 1X to CDMA2000 1X EV. II. Flexible configuration It supports the configurations of omni cell, 3 sectors and 6 sectors. The full configuration per cabinet is 2 carriers 3 sectors. The capacity of 4 carriers 3 sectors or 2 carriers 6 sectors can be configured as required by combining the cabinets. III. Smooth expansion The modular structure allows BTS3612A to be expanded simply by adding the modules. The cabinets can be combined to achieve the capacity of more than 6 carriers. 2-1 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station 2.3 Powerful Environment Adaptability System Description Chapter 2 Product Feature The BTS3612A is protected against wind, sand, rain, sun shine and theft. It features excellent environment adaptability, which minimizes its environmental requirements. I. Fully-enclosed integrated structure The BTS3612A complies with the the IP55 (IEC 60529: Degrees of protection provided by enclosure) in respect of waterproof and dustproof. It is up to the Class 1 protection standard (3 classes) against moisture air, mould and salt atmosphere. II. Wide operating temperature range The BTS3612A is equipped with a temperature control system. Its operating temperature ranges from -40C through +55C (Air conditioner type) or from -40C through +45C (Heat exchanger type). In the case of high temperature, BTS3612A dissipates heat through the temperature control unit. In the case of low temperature, the built-in heater is started to ensure the internal components to operate in a reliable temperature range. III. Robust power distribution function The BTS3612A supports 220V, 230V and 240V power supplies and single-phase or three-phase input. The voltage ranges between 176 and 264V and frequency between 47 and 63Hz. It provides over-voltage protection upon 290V voltage. The system is also compatible with 110, 115 and 127 AC power and single-phase or three-phase input. The voltage ranges between 90 and 135V and frequency between 47 and 63Hz. It provides over-voltage protection upon 85V. The built-in storage battery provides power supply in the case of AC power failure, so as to ensure the normal operation of BTS3612A for a period of time. The optional outdoor battery rack allows a one carrier 3 sectors system to operate for more than 8 hours when the AC power BTS fails. With hierarchical power supply function, the BTS3612A can promise the transmission function of lower-level BTS in the absence of mains support. IV. Sound lightning protection and monitoring function The BTS3612A is equipped with reliable lightning protection facilities such as built-in lightning protection board and external lightning protection box. It is also furnished with comprehensive environment monitoring system that allows remote monitoring. 2-2 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station 2.4 Convenient Operation and Maintenance System Description Chapter 2 Product Feature The Local Maintenance Terminal (LMT) and the integrated maintenance console of the M2000 implement the operation and maintenance function to the BTS3612A. The following lists the maintenance functions:
I. System status monitoring This function provides the indication for the system running status and resource status, the configuration of local cell and logical cell, and their status indication. II. Data configuration The BTS3612A adopts dynamic data configuration mode, and the configured data takes effect without resetting BTS. It also provides data backup function, batch processing of data configuration, and the function of configuring common data for multiple network elements. III. Alarm handling This function provides a series of alarm handling methods: Alarm collection, alarm clearing, alarm querying, alarm shielding, alarm filtering and so on. IV. Security management The security management covers the following functions: user login authentication, command authority restriction, confirmation of crucial operation, user group management, timeout locking, etc. V. Test The BTS3612A supports both offline and online tests. The test items include board loopback test, self-test, trunk loopback test, etc. VI. Site monitoring Data transmission channels are provided for monitoring devices so as to realize centralized monitoring. VII. Upgrade System upgrade can be implemented through remote loading. The upgrade process is retrievable, that is, the system can fall back to the original one when the upgrade fails. 2-3 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station VIII. Equipment operation System Description Chapter 2 Product Feature BTS3612A supports front operation (operations can be conducted on the facade of the cabinet), and hot swappable baseband boards. This facilitates the maintenance, upgrade and capacity expansion. IX. Auto restart function In the case of whole BTS service interruption due to power failure or transmission faults, the BTS3612A system can restart automatically right after the faults are cleared. X. Simulation of BSC for testing purpose The BTS3612A can simulate the BSC for testing purpose. Call tests and system debugging can be performed without BSC connected. XI. Reverse maintenance function With the reverse maintenance function, users can, from the LMT, log in to the BAM through the network port on the BCKM to perform operation, maintenance and management to the whole BSS. 2.5 Flexible Networking Mode I. Transmission mode In the BTS3612A cabinet, the standard clearance is reserved for transmission equipment, such as microwave, High-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Link (HDSL) or Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) system. It supports various transmission modes. The BTS3612A supports the networking by using E1 and T1 links, and the interfaces of Inverse Multiplexing on ATM (IMA) and User Network Interface (UNI). The multiplexing rate on the Abis interface is greatly increased. II. Networking mode The BTS3612A supports networking modes in chain, star and tree topologies. It can also share the transmission network with other Network Elements (NEs) over the Fractional ATM. III. Clock source The BTS3612A supports the Global Position System (GPS) clock, the Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) clock and other external clock sources. Thus, it can adapt to various networking situations. 2-4 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Description Chapter 2 Product Feature In case of the loss of external clock source signal, the BTS3612A can still keep clock synchronization for 24 hours. 2.6 Serial Products for Seamless Coverage Huawei provides a series of BTS products to enable a seamless coverage for urban, suburb, and rural area, high way and hot area. Table 2-1 shows the application of various BTS products. Table 2-1 Application comparison between serial BTS products Product Max. sector carrier per cabinet Capacity Application Type cBTS3612 12 BTS3606 6 BTS3612A 6 BTS3601C 1 ODU3601C 1 Highly populated area and city. Large Medium Medium and small cities, towns. Low requirement for equipment room. Medium Outdoor, heavy traffic and limited equipment room space Indoor Indoor Outdoor Small Small Indoor, underground, highway and railroad. Outdoor (also applicable to the indoor condition) Indoor, underground, highway and railroad. Outdoor (also applicable to the indoor condition) 2-5 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Description Chapter 3 Product Architecture Chapter 3 Product Architecture 3.1 Cabinet Profile and Configuration 3.1.1 Cabinet Profile I. Cabinet appearance The BTS3612A cabinet conforms to the IEC297 standard. The external dimensions are:
1700mm1200mm1000mm (HeightWidthDepth). Its appearance is as shown in Figure 3-1. Figure 3-1 BTS3612A cabinet 3-1 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station II. Cabinet feature The BTS3612A cabinet features:
System Description Chapter 3 Product Architecture Fully-enclosed integrated structure and powerful environment adaptability Light weight owing to its aluminum alloy materials. Excellent electrical conductivity and shielding effect. Good ventilation effect owing to the well-designed air ducts. Convenient installation and maintenance. Nice appearance. 3.1.2 Cabinet Configuration The BTS3612A cabinet is show in Figure 3-2. 3-2 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Description Chapter 3 Product Architecture Air exhaust vent Air exhaust vent Air exhaust vent Air exhaust vent Reserved space for transmission equipment E1/SDH lightning protection board Secondary power switch box PSU
(DC/DC) PSU
(DC/DC) PSU
(DC/DC) PSU
(AC/DC) PSU
(AC/DC) PSU
(AC/DC) PSU
(AC/DC) PSU
(AC/DC ) PSU
(AC/DC) PSU
(AC/DC) PSU
(AC/DC) PSU
(AC/DC) PMU Storage battery/DC power filter/DC lightning arrester r e w o p y r a d n o c e S x o b h c t i w s B C I M B C I M B C P M B C P M B C P M B C K M B C K M B R D M B R D M B C P M B C P M B C P M management Fiber tray Cable trough Fan box Air intake vent B H P A 1 B T R M 1 B H P A 3 B T R M 3 B H P A 5 B T R M 5 R L D U 1 DFU/DDU/CDU2 DFU/DDU/CDU1 DFU/DDU/CDU0 s u o n o r h c n y S r e d e e f a n n e n a t r e t s e r r a B H P A 0 B T R M 0 B H P A 2 B T R M 2 B H P A 4 B T R M 4 R L D U 0 Alternating current\lightning protection\filtering unit Figure 3-2 Full configuration of the BTS3612A cabinet The boards and modules of BTS3612A are listed in Table 3-1. Table 3-1 Boards and modules of the BTS3612A Acronyms Full name BCIM BCKM BCPM BESP BTS Control Interface Module BTS Control & Clock Module BTS Channel Processing Module BTS E1 Surge Protector 3-3 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Description Chapter 3 Product Architecture Acronyms Full name BRDM CDU DDU DFU BHPA BTRM PSUAC/DC PSUDC/DC PMU RLDU BTS Resource Distribution Module Combiner and Duplexer Unit BTS Dual Duplexer Unit Duplexer and Filter Unit BTS High Power Amplifier BTS Transceiver Module AC/DC Power Supply Unit DC/DC Power Supply Unit Power Management Unit Receive LNA Distribution Unit 3.2 System Structure This section highlights the main equipment of BTS3612A, which is composed of baseband subsystem, Radio Frequency (RF) subsystem, antenna & feeder subsystem, and power & environment monitor subsystem, as shown in Figure 3-3. Standard space is reserved in the cabinet to accommodate transmission equipment such as microwave and SDH, so as to support different networking modes. Um interface MS Radio Frequency subsystem Antenna & feeder subsystem Baseband subsystem Abis interface 220V AC or 110V AC Power & environment monitor subsystem BTS3612A BSC Figure 3-3 BTS3612A system structure 3.2.1 Baseband Subsystem Composed of the BCKM, BCIM, BRDM, BCPM, etc, the baseband subsystem can Provide Abis interface and complete the related processing of Abis protocol.
3-4 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Description Chapter 3 Product Architecture
Provide a fiber interface to the RF subsystem, and complete the processing of Um physical layer and Common Channel (CCH) MAC layer protocols. Implement coding/decoding of CDMA channels. Provide synchronization clock signal to the BTS. the modulation/demodulation of baseband data and
The baseband subsystem also implements system resource management, operation and maintenance, and environment monitoring. the 3.2.2 Radio Frequency Subsystem The RF subsystem is composed of the BTRM, BHPA, CDU/DFU/DDU, RLDU, etc. Its functions can be grouped in forward and reverse directions. In forward direction
The subsystem completes the power-adjustable up-conversion and linear power amplification to the modulated transmission signals, filtering of signals, and multi-carrier combination (optional) before sending the signal to the antenna & feeder subsystem.
In reverse direction The subsystem filters the signals received by the antenna to suppress the outband interference, and performs low-noise amplification, multi-carrier division, noise factoradjustable down-conversion, and channel-selective filtering before sending the signals to the baseband subsystem. 3.2.3 Antenna and Feeder Subsystem The antenna and feeder subsystem of BTS3612A includes two parts: the RF part and the GPS/GLONASS synchronization part.
RF antenna and feeder This part is composed of the transmitting and receiving antennae, feeders, tower amplifier (optional), etc. It transmits and receives signals on the air interface.
GPS/GLONASS synchronization antenna and feeder This part is composed of the satellite signal receiving antenna, feeder, lightning protector, etc. It receives synchronization signals from the satellites (GPS or GLONASS) to provide precise clock source for the BTS. 3-5 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station 3.2.4 Power and Environment Monitoring Subsystem System Description Chapter 3 Product Architecture The power and environment monitoring subsystem includes the power supply and environment monitor (including the temperature controller).
Power supply The power supply contains the AC distribution unit, DC distribution unit, Power Supply Units (PSUs, including PSUAC/DC and PSUDC/DC), PMU, battery group and its management unit. The PSUs work in N+1 redundancy mode. If any PSU fails, an alarm will be reported. The PSUs support online insertion and removal.
Environment monitor The environment monitor includes the PMU and sensors. The PMU collects the environment variables of temperature, humidity, smoke, water and access control from the sensors, and reports them to the BCKM of the BTS. The BTS performs the preset operations and reports the information to the OMC.
Temperature control device The temperature controller may be an air conditioner or a heat exchanger, which can ensure the normal operation of the BTS in the following ambient-temperature ranges:
Air conditioner: 40C55C Heat exchanger: 40C45C 3.3 External Physical Interface The BTS3612A provides the following main external physical interfaces listed in Table 3-2. Table 3-2 Main external physical interfaces on the BTS3612A Interface name Type Quantity Function Abis interface E1/T1
(One of the two) 8 Connecting to transmission system and the BSC equipment. Supporting IMA/UNI and cascading. Providing 75 and 120 loading interfaces for E1, 100 loading interfaces for T1. Providing the Fractional Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) function. Realizing transmission on timeslots different from those used by other network elements. 3-6 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Description Chapter 3 Product Architecture Interface name Type Quantity Function Cabinet combining interface ODU3601C cascading interface Clock interface Maintenance interface Clock test interface Power supply and grounding Optical fiber GPS/GLO NASS External synchrono us clock input Ethernet interface Clock source interface Sync test interface Power supply Protection grounding
(PGND) DC power supply 6 4 6 2 1 1 1 1 4 3 2 Feeder interface RF signal 6 When cabinets are combined, the extension cabinet and the main cabinet share one baseband subrack. Optical fiber is used for the connection between cabinets. Four RF connection cables are provided to connect the RLDU and BTRM in different cabinets. When the combined cabinet is fully configured with 12 sectors/carriers, six more external ODU3601Cs can be attached to the combined cabinet. Connecting the satellite signal receiver and the satellite antenna to provide long-term and stable clock signal for the BTS. Providing high-precision clock. Providing near-end maintenance path. Outputting 10MHz signal for testing. Outputting 2S signal for testing. A, B, and C phase lines and zero line One PGND is led out to the grounding cable. When cabinets are combined, one PGND is connected to the extension cabinet. One PGND is connected to the auxiliary equipment. Providing -48 DC power for the recharge of batteries Corresponding to 3 sectors. Each sector corresponds to 2 DIN connectors, which can be used for both transmitting and receiving. 3-7 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Description Chapter 4 Main Functions Chapter 4 Main Functions 4.1 Basic Function The Um interface of the BTS3612A supports the TIA/EIA IS-2000 Rel.A standard, and is compatible with the TIA/EIA-95-A/B standard. The minimum performance satisfies TIA/EIA-97-D requirements. The Abis interface complies with the 3GPP2 A.R0003 standard. The BTS3612A supports:
The 90~290V AC input. The GPS/GLONASS synchronization interface and external synchronization interface to achieve long-term clock synchronization. Cascading of ODU3601Cs. Soft and softer handoffs. Slotted mode paging and fast paging modes. Channel management function. Channel Element (CE) pool operational mode to dynamically allocate resources. Resource status management. High power and wide coverage (When operate at 450MHz band, the max power output is 25W).
Multiple power controls.
The 75 unbalanced interface (E1, coaxial cable), 120 balanced interface (E1, twisted pair) and the 100 unbalanced interface (T1, twisted pair) on the Abis interface.
Timeslot cross function on the Abis interface. 4-1 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station 4.2 Radio Network Function 4.2.1 Power Control System Description Chapter 4 Main Functions The CDMA system is a self-jamming system, in which every subscriber is an interference source to other subscribers. Power control directly affects the system capacity and the service quality. If it is possible to ensure that every MS transmits the minimum power it needs, the whole system capacity can be the largest. Power control can be divided into forward power control and reverse power control. The forward power control is used to control BTSs transmit power while the reverse power control aims to control MSs transmit power. I. Forward power control Forward power control has various methods, whose applications are subject to the MS protocol version and the system parameters.
Power control based on PMRM When the MS adopts power control based on Power Measurement Report Message
(PMRM), it will determine the method and frequency of reporting PMRM in accordance with the received control message of the system parameter message.
Power control based on EIB When the MS adopts power control based on Erasure Indicator Bit (EIB), it will detect forward frame quality, and feed back the information to the BTS via EIB. The BTS will adjust the transmit power according to EIB information.
Forward fast power control The MS will adjust BTS power according to power control bit (the maximum speed can reach 800bit/s). In the CDMA2000 1X system, high speed data service is supported. Therefore, the requirement on forward power control is increasingly strict. The forward fast power control method can control forward channel transmit power accurately, so as to reduce interference and improve the capacity. II. Reverse power control Reverse power control includes open-loop power control and close-loop power control. The close-loop power control can be further divided into inner loop power control and outer loop power control.
Open-loop power control 4-2 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Description Chapter 4 Main Functions The MS will determine the transmit power to access the BTS according to the received pilot signal strength.
Close-loop power control The BTS issues power control command to the MS, and performs the adjustment according to MS feedback. The principle of close-loop power control is shown in the following figure. Power control bit Eb/Nt MS BTS FER BSC Eb/Nt changing quantity Inner loop Outer loop Figure 4-1 Close-loop power control In inner loop power control mode, the BTS will issue power control bit according to the received Eb/Nt value. In outer power control mode, the BSC will adjust preset Eb/Nt value according to the Frame Error Rate (FER) of the received reverse signal. Then the BTS will use the newly set Eb/Nt value to issue power control bit. In this way, the transmit power of MS can be controlled. 4.2.2 Handoff When the MS is moving out of the coverage of current cell/sector or the conversation quality deteriorates to an unbearable degree, the MS will be handed off to another cell/sector to maintain the ongoing conversation. If the MS handoff helps to improve conversation quality and network performance, handoff procedure may also be triggered. I. Soft handoff The soft handoff happens between adjacent cells which serve on the same frequency and belong to different BTSs. The two different BTSs can belong to the same BSC, or two different BSCs connected with A3/A7 interface. 4-3 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Description Chapter 4 Main Functions In soft handoff procedure, the MS will maintain the connection with the previous cell until it establishes the communication with the new cell. During handoff procedure, the MS can establish radio links with multiple cells, select and combine data received from these links so as to improve conversation quality and reduce call drops. II. Softer handoff The softer handoff happens between adjacent cells that serve on the same frequency and belong to the same BTS. In fact, it is a special case of soft handoff. Since the MS establishes radio links with multiple sectors under the same BTS, the BTS can combine the diversity signals received by its sectors from the MS. Therefore, the conversation quality during softer handoff is better than that of soft handoff. III. Hard handoff In hard handoff procedure, the MS will firstly interrupt the connection with the previous cell, and then set up the connection with the new cell. There is a chance of call drop. Hard handoff includes:
Intra-frequency hard handoff: Handoff between the BSCs with no A3/A7 interface in-between. Inter-frequency hard handoff: Handoff between cells of different frequencies. 4.2.3 Radio Configuration The Um interface of BTS3612A supports CDMA2000 1X, and is compatible with IS-95A/B. The spreading rate is 1.2288Mcps. The CDMA2000 1X physical layer supports multiple Radio Configurations (RC). Each radio configuration supports the frames of the different rate sets, and possesses different channel configuration and spreading spectrum structure. The transmission combinations supported by BTS3612A include:
Forward RC1, and reverse RC1. Forward RC2, and reverse RC2. Forward RC3 or RC4, and reverse RC3. Forward RC5, and reverse RC4. Each RC supports different traffic channel data rate. With different RC, the CDMA2000 1X can present different capabilities. RC1 and RC2 are compatible with IS-95A/B. 4-4 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station 4.2.4 Channel Configuration System Description Chapter 4 Main Functions A series of physical channels have been defined on the Um interface. These physical channels are divided into different types according to the channel features. Different RCs support different channels. I. Forward channel
Forward Common Channel Forward Pilot Channel (F-PICH): Provides the MSs in the BTS coverage with synchronization signals. Different from other channels, the F-PICH is a spread spectrum signal which is not modulated and is transmitting continuously. Forward Sync Channel (F-SYNCH): Provides the MSs in the BTS coverage with initial synchronization information. Forward Paging Channel (F-PCH): Sends overhead message and MS-specific message to the MSs in the BTS coverage. Each frequency in a sector supports seven paging channels at most. Forward Quick Paging Channel (F-QPCH): Used to send paging order and the system configuration changing order to MSs working in slotted mode, instructing them to receive the paging messages. Thus the MS battery energy can be saved.
Forward Dedicated Channel Forward Dedicated Control Channel (F-DCCH): Bears traffic information and signaling information between the MS and the BTS. Forward Fundamental Channel (F-FCH): Bears traffic information between the MS and the BTS. Forward Supplemental Channel (F-SCH): Bears traffic information between the MS and the BTS. It is applicable to RC3, RC4 and RC5 only. II. Reverse channel
Reverse common channel Reverse Access Channel (R-ACH): Used by the MS to initiate the communication with the BTS, and respond to paging channel message. MS uses random access protocol to initiate access procedure. Regarding each paging channel supported, maximum 32 access channels can be supported.
Reverse dedicated channel Reverse Fundamental Channel (R-FCH): Bears traffic information between the MS and the BTS. 4-5 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Description Chapter 4 Main Functions Reverse Common Control Channel (R-DCCH): Bears traffic information and signaling information between the MS and the BTS. Reverse Supplemental Channel (R-SCH): Bears traffic information between the MS and the BTS. It is applicable to RC3 and RC4 only. 4.2.5 Receiving Diversity The BTS3612A supports receiving diversity function. The function is realized through two sets of independent equipment, including antenna, feeder, CDU/DDU/DFU and main/diversity receiving channels. The two sets of receiving equipment demodulate the received signals. Then the baseband processing unit decodes the signals using diversity combining algorithm, which is expected to provide some diversity gain. The receiving diversity increases the anti-attenuation capability of the BTS and ensures the receiving quality of the BTS under complicated radio environment. 4.2.6 Cell Breathing The BTS3612A can control the coverage of a cell and balance system load by adjusting the transmit power. This function has great significance for the CDMA system. The transmit power of BTS3612A ranges from "1dB" to "24dB", which can be adjusted at a step of "0.5dB". 4-6 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Description Chapter 5 Reliability Design Chapter 5 Reliability Design 5.1 System Reliability I. De-rating design To delay performance degeneration and prolong the service life of high-power components and heat-generating components, less stress (electrical stress and temperature stress) is to be borne during operation by these components than their designed capabilities. II. Quality control of components The category, specifications and manufacturers of the components are carefully selected and examined according to the requirements of the product reliability and maintainability. The replaceability and normalization of components is one of the main factors for the decision. Strict quality control is implemented on hardware assembling procedures to ensure high reliability and stability in long run. III. Thermal design The heat design primarily concerns the component selection, circuit design, mechanical design and heat dissipation design so that the impact of temperature changes upon product performance is minimized. The thermal design of BTS3612A ensures that it can work reliably in a wide range of temperatures. IV. EMC design The design ensures that the BTS3612A will not degrade to an unacceptable level due to the electromagnetic interference (EMI) from other equipment in the same electromagnetic environment. At the same time, the BTS3612A will not cause other equipment in the same electromagnetic environment to degrade to an unacceptable level due to the EMI from it. V. Redundancy design For the purpose of reliability, the system is designed with several sets of units performing the same function. The system will not fail unless the specified sets of units fail. 5-1 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station VI. Reliability design for input voltage System Description Chapter 5 Reliability Design The system is protected against reverse connection of power supply. The input voltage of the -48V power supply is checked and alarm signal will be generated when the voltage is too low or too high. The system is protected again sharp voltage drop and lightning strikes. The system provides protection for program and data in the case of power failure. VII. Maintenability design The reasonable internal wiring of the BTS facilitates boards replacement. To replace a faulty board, only the cable of this board is required to be removed. The board can be pulled out from the front side of the cabinet. Board indicators are provided to help users identify board status. VIII. Fault monitoring and handling The BTS3612A is equipped with the functions of self-detection and fault diagnosis. It can record, output and print various fault information. It can also collect environment condition information and generate alarms if there is any problem. The hardware fault detection procedures include fault locating, isolating the faulty components and automatic switchover to active components. The system will make a final confirmation on a hardware fault through repeated detection, thus avoiding the system reconfiguration or QoS deterioration due to contingent faults. When faults occur to software, certain automatic error-correction function will be executed, including restarting and reloading. Critical faults will be recorded, output or printed, and notified to users through network management system. 5.2 Hardware Reliability I. Protection against wrong insertion of boards When a board is plugged in the slot of another board by mistake, the special pins will prevent the board from touching the backplane. This avoids the possible damage to the equipment due to wrong insertion. II. Active-standby switchover of BCKM The active BCKM will back up the file data to the standby one periodically. Once critical faults occur to the active BCKM, it will trigger active-standby switchover to secure normal operation of the BTS. 5-2 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station III. CE pool design of CCPM System Description Chapter 5 Reliability Design The CCPM adopts CE pool design to enhance the system's reliability. IV. Status monitoring and alarm report The BCKM has the capability of monitoring the status of other boards or modules, and reporting alarms to ensure timely fault location. V. Distributed power supply The system internally adopts distributed power supply. The DC/DC power supply module (PSUDC/DC) works in the N+1 redundancy mode. When an error occurs to a module, it will send the alarm to the BAM. It also supports online insertion and removal of boards. 5.3 Software Reliability I. Periodic check of key resources This function aims to check software resource which has been occupied for a long time. If certain resource becomes unavailable due to software error, the check mechanism will release that resource and output logs and alarm. II. Process monitoring Process monitoring provides channel for outputting various software and hardware faults while the software is running. It can monitor the status of a specific task or system running, and report the information to the outside. III. Data check Data check functions include:
The consistency check for data of different processing boards, restore of data consistency and output of log files and alarms. The consistency check for the data input by the user to ensure correct reference relation among data. The rollback function. If the modification of some data fails at certain point, the data will be restored to the initial status so as to ensure data consistency. IV. Fault isolation The BTS3612A has the feature of isolating module software faults. When a fault occurs to one module, other modules will not be affected. In addition, the software has the 5-3 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Description Chapter 5 Reliability Design capability of fault tolerance and correction. The normal faults will not trigger system reset or reboot. V. Software fallback The system provides the function of program and data restoration. When the upgrade fails, the function help restore to the original program and data configuration. VI. Log function The Operation & Maintenance software will automatically record user's operations in a period of time and save them into a log file. When an unknown error occurs to the system, log files can help to trace back to the normal condition for fault location or data restoration. 5-4 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Description Chapter 6 Operation and Maintenance System Chapter 6 Operation and Maintenance System The Operation and Maintenance (O&M) system includes the local O&M system and the M2000 Mobile Network Management System. In this chapter, the local O&M system is described in the aspect of the local end and the remote end respectively. The M2000 system is not explained in details except its basic structure and functions. The details are available in the related manual of M2000. 6.1 Structure of the O&M System 6.1.1 Local O&M System Figure 6-1 shows the structure of BSS local O&M system. BTS BSC IP over Ethernet IPOA IP over Ethernet IP over Ethernet IPOA BTS IP over Ethernet Router Router internet IP over Ethernet Figure 6-1 BSS local O&M system I. Remote maintenance The local OMC of the BSS is designed in the Client/Server (C/S) structure. The user inputs operation commands through the LMT (Client). As the server, the BAM processes commands from different Clients and sends these commands to the foreground (BSC or BTS). The BAM records the operation results (such as success, failure, timeout, or abnormality) and sends the results to the LMT in a specified format. 6-1 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Description Chapter 6 Operation and Maintenance System Through the OMC, the user can perform remote maintenance and can monitor all the BTSs. Meanwhile, information from these BTSs can be collected for network planning and optimization. II. Local maintenance Local maintenance is implemented by logging in to the BTS through Telnet Client or FTP mode from the LMT. In local maintenance mode, users can perform various operations and maintenance (including data configuration) on the BTS using the MML commands. In addition, through the reverse maintenance function, users can maintain the whole BSS from the LMT of the BTS. 6.1.2 M2000 Mobile Network Management System The M2000 mobile network management system implements the centralized O&M function. In this system, the M2000 server is the core, and various mobile network elements (such as BSC, MSC, HLR, and so on) are connected to the system via Local Area Network (LAN) or Wide Area Network (WAN). The BSC is connected to the M2000 mobile network management system via the BAM. Figure 6-2 shows the typical networking of the M2000 mobile integrated network management system. NE NE Dialup Server PSTN LAN M2000 Server WS NE l Support E1, DDN, X.25 and frame relay. l Support remote dialup maintenance E1, DN, X.25 and frame relay. Figure 6-2 Networking of M2000 mobile integrated network management system The M2000 mobile network management system performs configuration management, performance management and fault management.
Configuration management function: Collecting, storing, querying and modifying the NE equipment data within the network system. 6-2 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Description Chapter 6 Operation and Maintenance System
function: The user can Performance management traffic measurement tasks of the NEs from the network Client, and can view the ask results. Fault management function: The user can set combined conditions to get the required alarm data of the network from the Alarm Client, and can view the results and perform related operations. register the 6.2 Operation and Maintenance Function To meet user's requirement, the BTS3612A provides powerful operation and maintenance capability, including security management, alarm management, loading management, configuration management, equipment management, test management, tracing management, etc. I. Security management The security management based on the user authority mainly includes the user login/logout, user adding/deleting, password changing, and authority changing. To prevent illegal operation, the system provides powerful security management function to control user's operation and equipment running. The user will be authenticated before he can log in to and operate the BTS3612A. The system provides multi-level authority mechanism so that only the authorized user can perform the operation of specified command sets. In addition, the timeout locking function is provided. When a user has not operated the system for a specified period, the system will automatically lock the screen. Before the execution of important commands, the system will prompt the user for confirmation. II. Alarm management The system performs centralized management over the alarms of the BSC and the BTS. The BSS Maintenance Console provides real-time alarm management function:
alarm collecting, clearing, querying, handling, saving, interpretation, notification, shielding, filtering, acknowledging, analyzing, etc. In addition, the alarm management system provides online help information and leveled filtering to help locate faults. While reporting alarms, the BTS3612A will drive related devices (such as status indicators and alarm box) to give audible and visible alarms. 6-3 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station III. Loading management System Description Chapter 6 Operation and Maintenance System The loading management implements the loading of software and configuration data. Software loading includes the downloading and activation of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) software and Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) logic. Configuration data loading includes downloading and uploading of the data. IV. Configuration management The configuration management is to configure BTS equipment and radio resources. Users can also query the configuration data and check data consistency. Both online and offline configuration functions are provided together with batch processing function for data configuration. V. Equipment management The equipment management provides monitoring and querying of the board's and system's status. It also provides user operation log and system running log to facilitate fault location and shooting. The equipment management function includes: version querying, status querying, electronic resource blocking/unblocking, power supply management, etc. log management, equipment label querying, reset, VI. Test management The test management facilitates fault location and the optimization of system performance. It includes board loopback, self-detection, Abis link test, etc. VII. Tracing management The tracing management is implemented for the purpose of fault location and performance measurement analysis. The traced objects include various interfaces and BTS resources. The tracing results of some resources (such as CPU resource and cell resource) can be displayed in graphics in real-time for the purpose of monitoring. 6-4 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Description Chapter 7 Technical Indices Chapter 7 Technical Indices 7.1 Structure and Environment Indices Item Cabinet dimensions
(HeightWidthDepth) Power supply Weight Power consumption (in full configuration) Operational environment temperature Relative humidity Noise Index 1700mm x 1200mm x1000mm 220/230/240V AC:
Single-phase/three-phase input Voltage range: 176~264V Frequency range: 47~63Hz Over-voltage protection when the voltage reaches 290V. 110/115/127V AC:
Single-phase/three-phase input Voltage range: 90~135V Frequency range: 47~63Hz Under-voltage protection when the voltage reaches 85V. 650kg (excluding the batteries and the built-in transmission equipment) Power consumption of integrated equipment (with air conditioner in cooling function and without battery cabinet):
6100W Air conditioner Power consumption of integrated equipment (with air conditioner in cooling function and with battery cabinet):
11000W Power consumption of integrated equipment (with air conditioner in heating function, and without battery recharging considered): 6000W 4500W (without battery cabinet) Heat exchanger 9500W (with battery cabinet) 6000W (heating, without recharging) Air conditioner -40C ~ 55C Heat exchanger -40C ~ 45C 5% ~ 100%
65dBA (The noise varies with the ambient temperature) 7-1 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Description Chapter 7 Technical Indices Item Index A: 99.999%
MTBF: 100000h MTTR: 1h (excluding the time spent on the journey) MTTR: 3h (including the time spent on the journey) Reliability 7.2 Capacity Indices Full configuration of single cabinet 6 sectors/carriers Full configuration of combined cabinet 12 sectors/carriers 7.3 Transmitter and Receiver Indices at 450MHz Band I. Transmitter indices Item Index Working band Channel bandwidth Channel precision Frequency tolerance Transmit power II. Receiver indices 460 ~ 467MHz 1.23MHz 25kHz 0.05ppm 25W (the maximum value measured at the cabinet feeder port) Item Index Working band Channel bandwidth Channel precision 450 ~ 457MHz 1.23MHz 25kHz Sensitivity of signal receiver Better than -127 (RC3, main and diversity receiving) 7-2 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station 7.4 Transmitter and Receiver Indices at 800MHz Band System Description Chapter 7 Technical Indices I. Transmitter indices Item Working band Channel bandwidth Channel precision Frequency tolerance Transmit power II. Receiver indices Item Working band Channel bandwidth Channel precision Index 869 ~894MHz 1.23MHz 30kHz 0.05ppm 20W (the maximum value measured at the cabinet feeder port) Index 824 ~ 849MHz 1.23MHz 30kHz Sensitivity of signal receiver Better than 127dBm (RC3, main and diversity receiving) 7.5 Transmitter and Receiver Indices at 1900MHz Band I. Transmitter indices Working frequency Channel bandwidth Channel precision Frequency tolerance Transmit power 1930~1990MHz 1.23MHz 50kHz 0.05ppm 20W (the maximum value measured at the cabinet feeder port) II. Receiver indices Working frequency Channel bandwidth Channel precision Sensitivity of signal receiver 1850~1910MHz 1.23MHz 50kHz Better than -126dBm (RC3, main and diversity receiving) 7-3 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station 7.6 ODU3601C Cascading System Description Chapter 7 Technical Indices Item Index Max. distance of single cascading Max. number cascaded ODU3601Cs Max. distance of all cascadings 10km or 70km (depending on the optical interface module used) 3 90km 7-4 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Description Appendix A Standard Compliance Appendix A Standard Compliance A.1 General Technical Specification TIA/EIA-97-D: Recommended minimum performance standards for base stations supporting dual-mode spread spectrum mobile stations General Technical Requirements: Federal IMT-MC (CDMA2000) cellular mobile system operating in band 450MHz A.2 Um Interface I. Physical layer TIA/EIA IS-2000-2-A: Physical layer standard for CDMA2000 spread spectrum systems II. MAC layer TIA/EIA IS-2000-3-A: Medium Access Control (MAC) standard for CDMA2000 spread spectrum systems III. Service capability TSB2000: Capabilities requirements mapping for CDMA2000 standards A.3 Abis Interface I. Physical layer E1 interface
E1 physical interface specification, september 1996 SDH STM-1
ANSI T1.101: Synchronization interface standard ITU-T G.707: (3/96) Network node interface for the synchronous digital hierarchy
(SDH) ITU-T G.703: (10/98) Physical/electrical characteristics of hierarchical digital interfaces A-1 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Description Appendix A Standard Compliance ITU-T G.957: Optical interface for equipment and systems relating to the synchronous digital hierarchy ITU-T G.958: Digital line systems based on the synchronous digital hierarchy for use on optical fiber cables ATM
AF-PHY-0086.001: Inverse Multiplexing for ATM (IMA) specification version 1.1 ATM Forum af-phy-0064.000 ATM Forum af-phy-0130.000 STR-PHY-FN64-01.00: ATM on fractional E1/T1, October 1999 II. ATM layer ANSI T1.627-1993: Telecommunications broadband ISDN-ATM layer functionality and specification III. ATM adaptation layer ITU-T recommendation I.366.2: B-ISDN ATM adaptation layer type 2 specification ITU-T I.363.5: B-ISDN ATM adaptation layer 5 specification: Type 5 AAL IV. TCP/IP RFC791: Internet protocol RFC793: Transport control protocol V. Abis interface high layer protocol 3GPP2 A.R0003: Abis interface technical report for CDMA2000 1X spread spectrum system VI. Self-defined standard CDMA2000 1X Abis interface high layer protocol A.4 Lightning Protection IEC 61312-1(1995) Protection against lightning electromagnetic impulse part I:
General principles IEC 61643-1(1998) Surge protective devices connected to low-voltage power distribution systems A-2 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Description Appendix A Standard Compliance ITU-T K.11 (1993) Principles of protection against over-voltage and over-current. ITU-T K.27 (1996) Bonding configurations and earthing inside a telecommunication building ETS 300 253(1995) Equipment engineering; earthing and bonding of telecommunication equipment in telecommunication centers A.5 Safety IEC60950 Safety of information technology equipment including electrical business equipment IEC60215 Safety requirement for radio transmitting equipment CAN/CSA-C22.2 No 1-M94 Audio, video and similar electronic equipment CAN/CSA-C22.2 No 950-95 Safety of information technology equipment including electrical business equipment. UL 1419 Standard for professional video and audio equipment 73/23/EEC Low voltage directive UL 1950 Safety of information technology equipment including electrical business equipment IEC60529 Classification of degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP Code). GOST 30631-99. General Requirements to machines, instruments and other industrial articles on stability to external mechanical impacts while operating;
GOST R 50829-95. Safety of radio stations, radio electronic equipment using transceivers and their components. The general requirements and test methods;
GOST 12.2.007.0-75. Electrotechnical devices. The general safety requirements. A.6 EMC TS 25.105; 3rd Generation Partnership Project; TSG RAN WG4; UTRA (BS) TDD;
Radio transmission and reception89/336/EEC EMC directive Council directive of 3 May 1989 on approximation of laws of the Member States relating to electromagnetic compatibility;
CISPR 22 (1997): "Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics of information technology equipment";
A-3 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Description Appendix A Standard Compliance IEC 61000-6-1: 1997; "Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 6: Generic standards Section 1: Immunity for residential, commercial and light-industrial environments";
IEC 61000-6-3: 1996; "Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 6: Generic standards Section 3: mission standard for residential, commercial and light industrial environments";
IEC 61000-3-2 (1995): "Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 3: Limits Section 2:
Limits for harmonic current emissions (equipment input current = 16 A) ";
IEC 61000-3-3 (1995): "Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 3: Limits Section 3:
Limitation of voltage fluctuations and flicker in low-voltage supply systems for equipment with rated current = 16 A"
IEC 61000-4-2 (1995): " Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques Section 2: Electrostatic discharge immunity test";
IEC 61000-4-3 (1995): " Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques Section 3: Radiated, radio-frequency electromagnetic field immunity test";
IEC 61000-4-4 (1995): " Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques Section 4: Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test";
IEC 61000-4-5 (1995): " Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques Section 5: Surge immunity test";
IEC 61000-4-6 (1996): " Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques Section 6: Immunity to contacted disturbances, induced by radio frequency fields";
IEC 61000-4-11 (1994): " Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques Section 11: Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations. Immunity tests";
ITU-T Recommendation K.20, Resistibility of Telecommunication Switching Equipment to Overvoltages and Overcurrents;
CFR 47, FCC Part 15-Radio Frequency Device;
TS 25.113v3.1.0, 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Radio Access Networks; Base station EMC;
ITU-R Rec. SM.329-7: "Spurious emissions";
GOST R 51318.22-99: Electromagnetic compatibility of Man-made noise from informational equipment. Limits and test methods;
technical equipment. A-4 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Description Appendix A Standard Compliance GOST 30429-96. "Electromagnetic compatibility of technical equipment. Man-made noise from equipment and apparatus used together with service receiver systems of civil application. Limits and Test methods. A.7 Environment IEC 60529 "Degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP code)"
IEC 60721-3-1"Classification of environmental conditions- Part3: Classification of groups of environmental parameters and their severities-Section 1: Storage";
IEC 60721-3-2"Classification of environmental conditions- Part3: Classification of groups of environmental parameters and their severities-Section 2: Transportation";
IEC 60721-3-3 (1994) "Classification of environmental conditions - Part 3:
Classification of groups of environmental parameters and their severities - Section 3:
Stationary use at weather protected locations";
IEC 60721-3-4 (1995): "Classification of environmental conditions - Part 3:
Classification of groups of environmental parameters and their severities - Section 4:
Stationary use at non-weather protected locations";
ETS 300 019-2-1 "Equipment Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions and environmental tests for telecommunications equipment; Part2-1, Specification of environmental tests Storage";
ETS 300 019-2-2 "Equipment Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions and environmental tests for telecommunications equipment; Part2-2, Specification of environmental tests Transportation";
ETS 300 019-2-3 "Equipment Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions and environmental tests for telecommunications equipment; Part2-3, Specification of environmental tests Transportation Stationary use at weather-protected locations";
ETS 300 019-2-3 "Equipment Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions and environmental tests for telecommunications equipment; Part2-3, Specification of environmental tests Transportation Stationary use at non-weather-protected locations";
IEC 60068-2-1 (1990): "Environmental testing - Part 2: Tests. Tests A: Cold";
IEC 60068-2-2 (1974): "Environmental testing - Part 2: Tests. Tests B: Dry heat";
IEC 60068-2-6 (1995): "Environmental testing - Part 2: Tests - Test Fc: Vibration
(sinusoidal)". GOST 15150-69: Machines, instruments and other industrial articles. Applications for different climatic regions. Categories, operating, storage and transportation conditions in compliance with the environmental factors";
A-5 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Description Appendix A Standard Compliance GOST 23088-80. "Electronic equipment. Requirements to packing and transportation and test methods". A-6 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Description Appendix B Abbreviations and Acronyms Appendix B Abbreviations and Acronyms A ATM B BCIM BCKM BCPM BESP BHPA BRDM BSC BSS BTRM C CDU CN CPU D DC DDU DFU E EIA EIB F F-DCCH F-FCH F-PCH FPGA F-PICH F-QPCH F-SCH F-SYNCH Asynchronous Transfer Mode BTS Control Interface Module BTS Control & Clock Module BTS Channel Process Module BTS E1 Surge Protector BTS High power Amplifier BTS Resource Distribution Module Base Station Controller Base Station Subsystem BTS Intermediate Frequency Module Combiner and Duplexer Unit Core Network Central Processing Unit Direct Current BTS Dual Duplexer Unit Duplexer and Filter Unit Electronics Industry Association Erasure Indicator Bit Forward Dedicated Control Channel Forward Fundamental Channel Forward Paging Channel Field Programmable Gate Array Forward Pilot Channel Forward Quick Paging Channel Forward Supplemental Channel Forward Sync Channel B-1 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Description Appendix B Abbreviations and Acronyms FTP G GLONASS GPS GSM H HDSL HLR I IMA ISDN L LMT M MAC MML MS MSC MTBF MTTR P PCF PLMN PMRM PMU PPP PSTN PSU (AC/DC) PSU (DC/DC) R R-ACH RC R-DCCH R-FCH RLDU R-P File Transfer Protocol Global Navigation Satellite System Global Position System Global System for Mobile Communication High-speed Digital Subscriber Line Home Location Register Inverse Multiplexing for ATM Integrated Services Digital Network Local Maintenance Terminal Medium Access Control Man-Machine Language Mobile Station Mobile Switching Center Mean Time Between Failures Mean Time To Repair Packet Control Function Public Land Mobile Network Power Measurement Report Message Power Management Unit Peer-to-Peer Protocol Public Switched Telephone Network AC/DC Power Supply Unit DC/DC Power Supply Unit Reverse Access Channel Radio Configuration Reverse Dedicated Control Channel Reverse Fundamental Channel Receive LNA Distribution Unit Radio-Packet B-2 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Description Appendix B Abbreviations and Acronyms R-SCH S SDH T TIA U UNI Reverse Supplemental Channel Synchronous Digital Hierarchy Telecommunications Industry Association User Network Interface B-3
1 | User Manual Part 3 | Users Manual | 1.02 MiB |
Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Table of Contents Table of Contents Chapter 1 Overall Structure.......................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Physical Structure.............................................................................................................. 1-1 1.2 Functional Structure........................................................................................................... 1-3 Chapter 2 Baseband Subsystem ................................................................................................. 2-1 2.1 Overview............................................................................................................................ 2-1 2.1.1 Functional Structure ................................................................................................ 2-1 2.1.2 Introduction to Baseband Boards............................................................................ 2-1 2.2 BCKM................................................................................................................................. 2-2 2.2.1 Overview ................................................................................................................. 2-2 2.2.2 Structure and Principle............................................................................................ 2-2 2.2.3 External Interfaces .................................................................................................. 2-4 2.2.4 Indices..................................................................................................................... 2-5 2.3 BCIM .................................................................................................................................. 2-5 2.3.1 Overview ................................................................................................................. 2-5 2.3.2 Structure and Principle............................................................................................ 2-5 2.3.3 External Interfaces .................................................................................................. 2-7 2.3.4 Indices..................................................................................................................... 2-7 2.4 BCPM................................................................................................................................. 2-7 2.4.1 Overview ................................................................................................................. 2-7 2.4.2 Structure and principle ............................................................................................ 2-8 2.4.3 External Interfaces .................................................................................................. 2-9 2.4.4 Indices................................................................................................................... 2-10 2.5 BRDM .............................................................................................................................. 2-10 2.5.1 Overview ............................................................................................................... 2-10 2.5.2 Structure and Principle.......................................................................................... 2-10 2.5.3 External Interfaces ................................................................................................ 2-12 2.5.4 Indices................................................................................................................... 2-13 2.6 BASB ............................................................................................................................... 2-13 2.6.1 Overview ............................................................................................................... 2-13 2.6.2 Structure and Principle.......................................................................................... 2-13 2.6.3 External Interfaces ................................................................................................ 2-14 2.6.4 Indices................................................................................................................... 2-14 2.7 BESP ............................................................................................................................... 2-14 2.7.1 Overview ............................................................................................................... 2-14 2.7.2 Structure and Principle.......................................................................................... 2-15 2.7.3 External Interfaces ................................................................................................ 2-16 2.7.4 Indices................................................................................................................... 2-16 i Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Table of Contents 2.8 BFAN ............................................................................................................................... 2-17 2.8.1 BFMM.................................................................................................................... 2-17 2.8.2 BFIB ...................................................................................................................... 2-19 Chapter 3 Radio Frequency Subsystem ..................................................................................... 3-1 3.1 Overview............................................................................................................................ 3-1 3.1.1 Radio Frequency Subsystem Functional Structure................................................. 3-1 3.1.2 Introduction to RF Modules..................................................................................... 3-2 3.2 BTRM................................................................................................................................. 3-2 3.2.1 Overview ................................................................................................................. 3-2 3.2.2 Structure and Principle............................................................................................ 3-3 3.2.3 External Interfaces .................................................................................................. 3-5 3.2.4 Indices..................................................................................................................... 3-6 3.3 BHPA ................................................................................................................................. 3-6 3.3.1 Overview ................................................................................................................. 3-6 3.3.2 Structure and Principle............................................................................................ 3-6 3.3.3 External Interfaces .................................................................................................. 3-8 3.3.4 Indices..................................................................................................................... 3-8 3.4 BTRB ................................................................................................................................. 3-8 3.4.1 Overview ................................................................................................................. 3-8 3.4.2 Structure and Principle............................................................................................ 3-8 3.4.3 External Interfaces .................................................................................................. 3-9 3.4.4 Indices................................................................................................................... 3-10 3.5 CDU ................................................................................................................................. 3-10 3.5.1 Overview ............................................................................................................... 3-10 3.5.2 Structure and Principle.......................................................................................... 3-10 3.5.3 External Interfaces ................................................................................................ 3-11 3.5.4 Indices................................................................................................................... 3-12 3.6 DFU.................................................................................................................................. 3-12 3.6.1 Overview ............................................................................................................... 3-12 3.6.2 Structure and Principle.......................................................................................... 3-12 3.6.3 External Interfaces ................................................................................................ 3-13 3.6.4 Indices................................................................................................................... 3-13 3.7 DDU ................................................................................................................................. 3-14 3.7.1 Overview ............................................................................................................... 3-14 3.7.2 Structure and Principle.......................................................................................... 3-14 3.7.3 External Interfaces ................................................................................................ 3-15 3.7.4 Indices................................................................................................................... 3-15 3.8 RLDU ............................................................................................................................... 3-16 3.8.1 Overview ............................................................................................................... 3-16 3.8.2 Structure and Principle.......................................................................................... 3-16 3.8.3 External Interfaces ................................................................................................ 3-17 3.8.4 Indices................................................................................................................... 3-18 ii Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Table of Contents 3.9 BRFM............................................................................................................................... 3-18 3.9.1 BBFM .................................................................................................................... 3-18 3.9.2 BBFL ..................................................................................................................... 3-20 Chapter 4 Antenna & Feeder Subsystem.................................................................................... 4-1 4.1 Overview............................................................................................................................ 4-1 4.2 RF Antenna & Feeder........................................................................................................ 4-1 4.2.1 Antenna................................................................................................................... 4-1 4.2.2 Feeder..................................................................................................................... 4-3 4.2.3 Lightning Arrester (Optional)................................................................................... 4-3 4.2.4 Tower-top Amplifier (Optional) ................................................................................ 4-4 4.3 Satellite Synchronization Antenna & Feeder ..................................................................... 4-4 4.3.1 Overview ................................................................................................................. 4-4 4.3.2 Antenna................................................................................................................... 4-7 4.3.3 Feeder..................................................................................................................... 4-7 4.3.4 Lightning Arrester.................................................................................................... 4-7 4.3.5 Receiver .................................................................................................................. 4-7 Chapter 5 Power & Environment Monitoring Subsystem ......................................................... 5-1 5.1 Overview............................................................................................................................ 5-1 5.2 Power Distribution.............................................................................................................. 5-2 5.2.1 AC Distribution ........................................................................................................ 5-2 5.2.2 DC Distribution ........................................................................................................ 5-3 5.2.3 Power Distribution Devices ..................................................................................... 5-5 5.3 Environment Monitoring..................................................................................................... 5-6 5.3.1 Structure of Monitoring System............................................................................... 5-6 5.3.2 Monitoring Devices.................................................................................................. 5-7 Chapter 6 Lightning Protection and Grounding......................................................................... 6-1 6.1 Overview............................................................................................................................ 6-1 6.2 BTS Lightning Protection Principle .................................................................................... 6-1 6.2.1 Principle and Characteristics................................................................................... 6-1 6.2.2 Lightning Protection for AC Power.......................................................................... 6-2 6.2.3 Lightning Protection for Trunk Cables..................................................................... 6-2 6.2.4 Lighting Protection for Antenna & Feeder Subsystem............................................ 6-3 6.3 Grounding of BTS Equipment............................................................................................ 6-4 6.3.1 Internal Grounding of Cabinet................................................................................. 6-4 6.3.2 External Grounding of Cabinet................................................................................ 6-4 6.3.3 Grounding of AC Lightning Arrester........................................................................ 6-4 6.3.4 Grounding of Transmission Equipment................................................................... 6-5 6.3.5 Grounding of Overhead E1/T1 and HDSL Cables.................................................. 6-5 6.3.6 Grounding of BTS Surge Protector ......................................................................... 6-5 Chapter 7 BTS Signal Flows......................................................................................................... 7-1 7.1 Overview............................................................................................................................ 7-1 iii Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Table of Contents 7.2 Abis Traffic Signal Flow ..................................................................................................... 7-3 7.3 Abis Signaling Message Flow............................................................................................ 7-4 7.4 O&M Signal Flow ............................................................................................................... 7-5 7.5 Clock Signal Flow .............................................................................................................. 7-5 Chapter 8 BTS Configuration....................................................................................................... 8-1 8.1 Configuration Principle....................................................................................................... 8-1 8.2 Configuration of Main Equipment ...................................................................................... 8-1 8.2.1 Configuration of Baseband Boards ......................................................................... 8-1 8.2.2 Configuration of RF Modules .................................................................................. 8-3 8.2.3 Configuration of Power Modules............................................................................. 8-5 8.3 Configuration of Auxiliary Equipment................................................................................. 8-5 8.3.1 Batteries .................................................................................................................. 8-5 8.3.2 Temperature Control Device................................................................................... 8-6 8.3.3 Monitoring Devices.................................................................................................. 8-6 8.3.4 Transmission Equipment......................................................................................... 8-7 8.4 Configuration of Antenna and Feeder ............................................................................... 8-7 8.5 Networking Configuration .................................................................................................. 8-7 8.5.1 Star Networking....................................................................................................... 8-8 8.5.2 Chain Networking.................................................................................................... 8-9 8.5.3 Tree Networking.................................................................................................... 8-10 8.5.4 Fractional ATM Networking................................................................................... 8-11 8.5.5 Cascading with ODU3601Cs ................................................................................ 8-11 8.6 Typical Configurations ..................................................................................................... 8-12 8.6.1 Overview ............................................................................................................... 8-12 8.6.2 S(2/2/2) Configuration ........................................................................................... 8-13 8.6.3 S(4/4/4) Configuration ........................................................................................... 8-14 Appendix A Performance of Receiver and Transmitter.............................................................A-1 A.1 Performance of Receiver...................................................................................................A-1 A.1.1 Frequency Coverage ..............................................................................................A-1 A.1.2 Access Probe Acquisition .......................................................................................A-1 A.1.3 R-TCH Demodulation Performance........................................................................A-1 A.1.4 Receiving Performance ........................................................................................A-10 A.1.5 Limitations on Emissions ......................................................................................A-12 A.1.6 Received Signal Quality Indicator (RSQI) ............................................................A-12 A.2 Performance of Transmitter.............................................................................................A-13 A.2.1 Frequency Requirements .....................................................................................A-13 A.2.2 Modulation Requirements.....................................................................................A-13 A.2.3 RF Output Power ..................................................................................................A-14 A.2.4 Limitations on Emissions ......................................................................................A-15 Appendix B EMC Performance ....................................................................................................B-1 B.1 EMI Performance...............................................................................................................B-1 iv Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Table of Contents B.2 EMS Performance .............................................................................................................B-2 Appendix C Environment Requirements ....................................................................................C-1 C.1 Storage Environment ........................................................................................................C-1 C.2 Transportation Environment..............................................................................................C-3 C.3 Operation Environment .....................................................................................................C-5 Appendix D Electromagnetic Radiation......................................................................................D-1 D.1 Introduction........................................................................................................................D-1 D.2 Maximum Permissible Exposure.......................................................................................D-1 D.3 Estimation of Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields............................................................D-3 D.4 Calculation of Safe Distance.............................................................................................D-3 D.5 Location of BTS Antennae ................................................................................................D-4 D.5.1 Exclusion Zones .....................................................................................................D-4 D.5.2 Guidelines on Arranging Antenna Locations..........................................................D-5 Appendix E Abbreviations and Acronyms .................................................................................E-1 v Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Chapter 1 Overall Structure Chapter 1 Overall Structure 1.1 Physical Structure A BTS3612A cabinet in full configuration is composed of two parts, as shown in Figure 1-1. The right half is the main cabinet, while the left half is for the auxiliary devices.
(1) Baseband subrack
(3) Duplexer subrack
(5) Battery subrack
(7) Auxiliary cabinet secondary power switch box
(2) Carrier subrack
(4) AC distribution/lightning protector/wave filter unit
(6)Power supply subrack
(8) Transmission equipment subrack Figure 1-1 BTS3612A cabinet in full configuration I. Main cabinet The main cabinet is used to hold the baseband processing boards, Radio Frequency
(RF) modules, etc.
Baseband subrack 1-1 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Chapter 1 Overall Structure The baseband subrack is configured with various baseband processing boards, such as BCIM, BCPM, BCKM and BRDM. A main cabinet secondary power switch box is configured to the left of the subrack. With the secondary power switch box, each board and module can be separately powered by the PSUDC/DC. All the baseband processing boards share one power switch. Each pair of BTRM and BHPA boards share one power switch. The RLDU has its own power switch. Carrier subrack
There are two carrier subracks used to configure the carrier units, each of which is composed of one BTRM and one BHPA. Each subrack can be configured with one RLDU. Duplexer subrack
The duplexer subrack is located between the upper and lower carrier subracks. It is configured with duplexer units DFU or DDU as needed. To the right of the subrack is a lightning protector connecting to the GPS/GLONASS synchronization antenna.
Other devices Between the baseband subrack and the upper carrier subrack are the fiber flange, cabling trough, fan box and air inlet. The cabling trough is used to route the satellite signal receiving cable and fibers
(connecting the BRDM and carrier modules). The extra fibers can be coiled on the fiber flange. The fan box, the air inlet and air outlet (on the top of the cabinet) form a ventilation path to discharge the heat in the baseband subrack. II. Auxiliary cabinet The auxiliary cabinet is configured with the PSUAC/DC, PSUDC/DC, storage batteries, and built-in transmission equipment. Transmission equipment subrack
Standard space is reserved in this subrack to accommodate microwave, High-speed Digital Subscriber Line (HDSL), or SDH transmission equipment so as to support various networking modes. Power supply subrack
The power supply subrack is configured with PSUDC/DC and PSUAC/DC. A Power Monitoring Unit (PMU) can also be installed.
Battery subrack 1-2 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Chapter 1 Overall Structure The battery subrack can be configured with storage batteries or DC lightning protector/wave filter, based on actual configuration requirements.
Other devices A lightning protection board and an auxiliary cabinet secondary power switch box are configured between the transmission equipment subrack and the power supply subrack. E1 Surge Protector (BESP) or SDH surge protector can be used, according to the transmission equipment configured. The secondary power switch box is used to control the power supply to the PSUAC/DC. III. Cabinet door Temperature-control device, such as air conditioner or heat exchanger, are equipped on the cabinet door. 1.2 Functional Structure Functionally, the BTS3612A system is composed of the baseband subsystem, Radio Frequency (RF) subsystem, antenna & feeder subsystem, and power & environment monitor subsystem, as shown in Figure 1-2. Um interface MS Radio Frequency subsystem Antenna & feeder subsystem Baseband subsystem Abis interface 220V AC or 110V AC Power & environment monitor subsystem BTS3612A BSC Figure 1-2 BTS3612A system structure Standard space is reserved in the cabinet to accommodate transmission equipment such as microwave and SDH so as to support different networking modes. The following chapters will detail each subsystem of BTS3612A. 1-3 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Chapter 2 Baseband Subsystem Chapter 2 Baseband Subsystem 2.1 Overview Baseband subsystem consists of BTS Control & Clock Module (BCKM), BTS Resource Distribution Module (BRDM), BTS Channel Processing Module (BCPM), BTS Control Interface Module (BCIM) and Baseband Backplane (BASB). 2.1.1 Functional Structure The functional structure of baseband subsystem is shown in Figure 2-1. BSC E1/T1 BCIM BCIM BCPM BCPM s u b k c o C l s u b e n a p k c a B l t r o p l a i r e s y c n e g r e m E Satellite signal receiving antenna Other functional units
. BCK BCKM M a t a d d e e p s
h g H i s u b Optical fiber
. BRD BRDM M BTRM/ODU3601C BTRM/ODU3601C BCIM: BTS Control Interface Module BCKM: BTS Control & Clock Module BTRM: BTS Transceiver Module Figure 2-1 functional structure of baseband subsystem BCPM: BTS Channel Process Module BRDM: BTS Resource Distribution Module BSC: Base Station Controller Baseband subsystem accesses transmission system through E1/T1 interface provided by the BCIM so as to connect to BSC equipment. It connects to carrier units through optical interface provided by the BRDM. Carrier units can be BTRM modules of the same BTS, or MTRM module of the ODU3601C extended afar. 2.1.2 Introduction to Baseband Boards Baseband subsystem is held in the baseband subrack. The full configuration of baseband subrack is as shown in Figure 2-1 Baseband subrack supports the following boards:
2-1 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Chapter 2 Baseband Subsystem
BCKM: BTS control & clock module, providing clock for BTS system and realizing the control of BTS system resource. BCIM: BTS control interface module, used for accessing transmission system to connect to the BSC. It supports E1/T1 transmission. BCPM: BTS channel process module, processing the data of CDMA forward channel and reverse channel. BRDM: BTS resource distribution module, connecting BCPM to BTRM to realize the work mode of BCPM resource pool. In addition to the boards introduced, this section also covers the backplane of baseband subrack, E1 lightning-protection board and fan module. 2.2 BCKM 2.2.1 Overview BCKM controls and manages the entire BTS system. Its functions are listed as follows:
Main control functions: Call procedure control, signaling processing, resource management, channel management, cell configuration, etc. Operation & maintenance functions (O&M): BTS operation and maintenance, such as software download, status management, data configuration, test management, interface tracing, fault management, log management, maintenance console interface, active/standby BCKM switchover, etc. Clock function: It provides high-precision oscillation clock and can be synchronized with an external clock (such as GPS/GLONASS clock). Thus it provides the entire BTS system with reference clock signal. In addition, BCKM also provides external interfaces. See the following sections for detail. 2.2.2 Structure and Principle The structure of BCKM module is as shown in Figure 2-2. 2-2 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station BCKM Other functional units
. External communication module Power supply module System Principle Chapter 2 Baseband Subsystem CPU module Satellite signal receiver Clock module Backplane bus module BASB BASB Figure 2-2 Structure of BCKM module The BCKM comprises the following parts:
I. Clock module Clock module is the clock source of BTS, which provides working clock for various boards. Clock module supports two work modes: External synchronization mode (locked mode) and free oscillation mode (holdover mode). In the former mode, it receives GPS/GLONASS clock signals through its satellite signal receiver. In the latter mode, it provides clock reference through high precision oscillator (oven control & voltage control oscillator). For the introduction to satellite signal receiver, see 4.3.5 Receiver. II. CPU module logical circuits CPU module controls initialize relevant components. The management and control of BTS system is implemented through its system software, which includes main control software and operation & maintenance software. For specific function, see 2.1 Overview. to III. Backplane bus module The communication port of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) is connected with other boards of BTS through the backplane bus module, and processes or transmits O&M signaling from other boards of BTS (BRDM, BCPM and BCIM). IV. External communication module External communication module utilizes the multiple communication control ports provided by the main control CPU to implement functions such as maintenance 2-3 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Chapter 2 Baseband Subsystem console interface, environment monitoring interface, test interface and external synchronization interface. V. Power supply module The power supply module converts +24V input power into +5V, +3.3V and +2.5V for various modules of local board. 2.2.3 External Interfaces Local maintenance console interface
This interface is a 10/100M compatible Ethernet interface to connect with local maintenance console. Remote maintenance serial port
This port is a RS232 serial port to connect with the Modem so as to provide remote monitoring and maintenance in case of interruption of OML link. Environment alarm interface
This port is a RS485 serial port to connect with an external monitoring device so as to collect and process the equipment room environment information (such as fire, water, temperature and humidity alarms).
GPS/GLONASS antenna interface It is used to receive satellite signal from the GPS/GLONASS so as to provide GPS/GLONASS antenna with +5V feed. External synchronization interface
If the GPS/GLONASS is not available, the system clock can keep synchronization with external clock system. Test interface
It is an interface for BTS test, providing 10MHz and 2s signals Backplane interface
It includes backplane bus interface, clock bus interface, and emergency serial port. The board management is accomplished through backplane bus. Other boards are provided with clock signal through clock bus. Boards can still keep communication through emergency serial port in case of board fault. Fan module interface
Fan module interface is a RS485 serial port, used to monitor the fan module and power supply module of baseband subrack. Power supply interface
Led out from the power connector on the backplane, the interface is connected with
+24V power, +24V power ground and PGND. 2-4 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station 2.2.4 Indices System Principle Chapter 2 Baseband Subsystem
Power voltage: +24V. Power consumption: <20W. Dimensions: 460mm%233.35mm (Length%Width). 2.3 BCIM 2.3.1 Overview The BCIM is located in BTS baseband subrack. It is a functional entity for the connection of BTS and BSC. Its major functions are as follows:
In uplink direction, backplane bus receives O&M command from BCKM and traffic data from BCPM, and transmit ATM cells on the multiple E1 links to BSC with IMA technology in compliance with G.804 standards. In downlink direction, it receives ATM cells distributed on the multiple E1/T1 links from BSC, multiplexes them into a single ATM cell flow with IMA technology and finally sends them to corresponding processing boards through the backplane bus. Each BCIM provides 8 E1/T1 links, which can support at the most 4 IMA link sets. In BTS, there are two BCIMs, working in load sharing mode and providing physical interfaces to BSC. At the most 16 E1/T1 links can be provided. It communicates with BSC through IMA state machine program on the local board and monitors the working status of E1/T1 link to ensure the implementation of IMA protocol. It transmits O&M command through backplane bus or emergency serial port, reports the status information of the local board to BCKM and provides interface for board maintenance and network management. 2.3.2 Structure and Principle BCIM is available in two specifications:
BCIM with E1 interface. BCIM with E1/T1 interface. This type of BCIM works either in E1 mode or T1 mode according to the setting of the DIP switches. Figure 2-3 illustrates the structure of BCIM with E1/T1 interface. 2-5 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Chapter 2 Baseband Subsystem Data bus RS232 BCKM BASB Backplane bus module CPU module IMA module E1/T1
. BESP Control bus Power supply module Clock module Figure 2-3 Structure of BCIM BCIM comprises the following parts:
I. IMA module IMA module inversely multiplex an ATM cell flow based on cells into multiple physical links for transmission, and remotely multiplex the cell flows transmitted on different physical connections into a single ATM cell flow. In uplink direction, IMA module receives AAL2 traffic cells from BCPM and AAL5 signaling cells from BCKM through the backplane bus. It splits the ATM cell flow into cells, transmits them on multiple E1/T1 link according to G.804 standard before sending them to BSC. In downlink direction, it receives ATM cells from BSC that are distributed on multiple E1/T1 trunk lines, inversely multiplexes them into a single ATM cell flow. Then it sends AAL2 traffic cells to BCPM and AAL5 signaling cells to BCKM through the backplane bus. II. CPU module The CPU module implements such functions as IMA protocol processing, executing OAM function of IMA, as well as E1/T1 link management and communication with BCKM. III. Backplane bus module BCIM communicates with other boards in the baseband part through the backplane bus module, including control information communication with BCKM and traffic data communication with BCPM. 2-6 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station IV. Clock module It provides working clock for the local board. V. Power supply module System Principle Chapter 2 Baseband Subsystem The power supply module converts +24V input power into +3.3V for various modules of local board. 2.3.3 External Interfaces E1/T1 interface
Interface with BSC. BTS can be connected to the transmission system to connect to the BSC. Backplane bus interface
Interface with the other boards in the baseband part. Emergency serial port
Emergency serial port is an RS-232 serial port, works as a slave node and is used for communication with BCKM when other part of the board is faulty. Power supply interface
Led out from the power connector on the backplane, the interface is connected with
+24V power, +24V power ground and PGND. 2.3.4 Indices
Power voltage: +24V. Power consumption <15W. Dimensions: 460mm%233.35mm (Length%Width). 2.4 BCPM 2.4.1 Overview The BCPM is logically located between the BRDM and the BCIM. The BCPM is the traffic processing board of the system. In full configuration, six BCPMs are needed. Data from various forward and reverse channels are processed by this board. The BCPM also processes digital signals, including encoding/decoding baseband signals and one-time modulation and demodulation of baseband signals. In addition, it processes high layer control signals. The main functions are as follows:
In forward direction, after ATM cell data from the network side are processed by the high performance processor, BCPM performs functions such as encoding 2-7 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Chapter 2 Baseband Subsystem
(convolutional code, TURBO code), interleaving, spreading, modulation and data multiplexing, and converts them into high-speed signals. Then the signals are processed by a dedicated processing chip and transmitted through the radio interface side of the channel processing board. In reverse direction, data received by BCPM are demultiplexed, demodulated, de-interlaced and decoded (convolutional code, TURBO code). Then under the control of the high performance processor, the data are sent to BSC via BCIM in the form of ATM cells. The BCPM supports resource-processing pool. High performance processor with two kernels and internal cache. inter-board daisy chains, in-board and forming a
2.4.2 Structure and principle The BCPM comprises the following parts as shown in Figure 2-4:
High speed data bus BRDM BASB BCPM Multiplex/demultiplex module Data bus Baseband processing module Control bus Data bus Backplane bus module Clock module Data bus CPU module RS232 BCKM Power supply module Figure 2-4 Structure of BCPM I. Multiplex/demultiplex module In forward direction, baseband data in the channel processing board are multiplexed into high-speed signals and sent to radio side in the form of differential signals. In reverse direction, the high-speed differential signals are demultiplexed and sent to baseband processing chip. II. Baseband processing module The QUALCOMM new generation processing chip is used to perform forward and reverse baseband data processing. With the help of in-board and inter-board data 2-8 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Chapter 2 Baseband Subsystem daisy chains, channel processing capability is increased greatly. Maximally 6 sectors can be supported. III. CPU module The high performance control CPU on BCPM mainly processes the forward & reverse high-speed traffic data and control data and reports board status. At the network side, the processing module receives control signaling, receives/transmits ATM cells and communicates with BSC through BCIM. At the radio side, it controls the dedicated baseband processing chip to generate orthogonal (IQ) data. After multiplexing, the data pass BRDM as high-speed differential signals, to implement data exchange with radio side. IV. Backplane bus module The BCPM communicates with other boards in the BTS baseband part through backplane bus, including control information communication with BCKM and traffic data communication with BCIM. V. Clock module The clock module performs double-frequency phase-locking to the clock signals from the backplane, provides clock for boards, and drives and co-phases the clock signals generated on the local board, to get satisfactory clock signals. VI. Power supply module The power supply module converts +24V input power into +3.3V for various modules of local board. 2.4.3 External Interfaces High-speed data bus interface
Interface with BRDM. Backplane bus interface
Interface with other boards of baseband part Emergency serial port
Emergency serial port is an RS-232 serial port, works as a slave node and is used for communicating with BCKM when other part of the board is faulty. Power supply interface
Led out from the power connector on the backplane, the interface is connected with
+24V power, +24V power ground and PGND. 2-9 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station 2.4.4 Indices System Principle Chapter 2 Baseband Subsystem
Power voltage: +24V. Power consumption <30W. Dimensions: 460mm%233.35mm (Length%Width) 2.5 BRDM 2.5.1 Overview The BRDM is logically located between BTRM and BCPM, providing path for orthogonal data connection (IQ) and exchange between the two so as to support the flexible configuration relation between BCPM and BTRM. The BRDM also support daisy chain cascading between BCPMs. Data from the BTRM is sent to the BRDM through optical fibers. Then the BRDM distributes the data before sending them to BCPMs via the high-speed data bus. With the function of building cascades of daisy chain for BCPMs, the BRDM connects the short daisy chain cascades to form standard daisy chain cascades of a certain length. This facilitates the utilization of channel resource and flexible configuration of the channel capacity of each sector carrier. The BRDM has the following functions and features:
Optical interfaces are configured to provide high-speed data paths to BTRM/
ODU3601C. Six pairs of high-speed data bus interfaces are provided to six BCPM slots through the backplane. Flexible data distribution and exchange between BTRM/ODU3601C and BCPM are enabled. Flexible data exchange between BCPMs is enabled. It can be cascaded to form daisy chains, so BCPM resource pool can be achieved. The resource pool improves the utilization ratio of channel resource and makes the configuration of channel capacity of each sector carrier flexible. It exchanges O&M information with the BCKM through the backplane bus or emergency serial port. It forwards and receives O&M information of BTRM/ODU3601C via optical fibers and provides O&M links between the baseband subrack and BTRM/ODU3601C. 2.5.2 Structure and Principle The BRDM has two specifications as follows:
2-10 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Chapter 2 Baseband Subsystem
The BRDM configured with six pairs of multi-mode optical interfaces used to connect to the BTRM. The BRDM with three pairs of single-mode optical interfaces used to cascade with ODU3601C. The two specifications differ in optical modules configured. The structure of BRDM is shown in Figure 2-5. BRDM Optical Optical Optical Optical Optical Optical Optical module Optical module Optical module Optical module Optical module Optical module BTRM BTRM BTRM BTRM BTRM BTRM High-speed data interface High-speed data interface Switching module Power supply module Clock module CPU module High-speed data interface High-speed data interface High-speed data interface High-speed data interface Bus interface module 4 high-speed data buses 4 high-speed data buses 4 high-speed data buses 4 high-speed data buses RS232 BCPM BCPM BCPM BCPM Backplane bus BCKM Figure 2-5 Structure of BRDM module (6 pairs of multi-mode optical interfaces) The BRDM is composed of optical module, high-speed data interface module, switching module, CPU module, bus interface module, power supply module and clock module. I. Optical module The optical module converts optical signals into electrical signals. The BRDM can be classified into single-mode BRDM and multi-mode BRDM according to different types of optical module. The multi-mode BRDM is equipped with six optical modules and provides six pairs of optical interfaces. It is used to connect to the BTRM in the same BTS. The single-mode BRDM is equipped with three optical modules and provides three pairs of optical interfaces. It is used to cascade with ODU3601C.The single-mode BRDM can be further classified into two kinds, namely 10km and 70km, according to the transmission capability of the optical module. 2-11 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station II. High-speed data interface module System Principle Chapter 2 Baseband Subsystem The high-speed data interface module converts rates of high-speed signals for the convenient processing of the switching module. III. Switching module The switching module segments and paste data as required. It is a core processing module of this board. Data from BTRM/ODU3601C are sent to this board, where the switching module will distribute and paste them before sending them to the BCPM. The switching module can also provide daisy chain cascading for the BCPMs through the distribution and pasting of data. IV. CPU module The CPU module processes O&M information and configures switching parameters. The O&M information from the BCKM is sent to this board via the bus interface module. Then the CPU module processes the information and sends some specific O&M information to the corresponding BTRM/ODU3601. V. Bus interface module This module provides the conversion of interfaces between the board and the backplane, and provides a path for O&M information between this board and the backplane. VI. Clock module The clock module performs double-frequency phase-locking to the clock signals from the backplane. It provides clocks for boards, and drives and co-phases the clock signals generated on the local board to get satisfactory clock signals. VII. Power supply module The power supply module converts +24V input power into +3.3V and 1.8V for various modules of the local board. 2.5.3 External Interfaces
Optical interface There are two specifications of optical interface available according to optical modules:
6 pairs and 3 pairs. They connect to the BTRM and the ODU3601C respectively, transmitting orthogonal (IQ) data and O&M information.
High-speed data interface 2-12 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Chapter 2 Baseband Subsystem The interfaces are connected with six traffic slots (BCPM slots) through the backplane, for transmitting baseband orthogonal (IQ) data. Backplane bus interface
The interface is used for transmitting O&M information between BCKMs. Clock interface
The interface is connected with the BCKM via the backplane. It receives 2s, 16
%1.2288MHz clock signals and active/standby clock selection signal. Emergency serial port
Emergency serial port is an RS-232 serial port, works as a slave node and is used for communicating with the BCKM when other parts of the board are faulty. Power supply interface
Led out from the power connector on the backplane, the interface is connected with
+24V power, +24V power ground and PGND. 2.5.4 Indices
Power voltage: +24V. Power consumption <45W. Dimensions: 460mm%233.35mm (Length%Width) 2.6 BASB 2.6.1 Overview The baseband backplane (BASB) is used to make interconnection of high-speed data links among the boards of baseband part, and exchanges various management and control information of boards with high-speed backplane technology. Specifically, the backplane:
Realizes interconnection of various signals between boards. Supports hot plug/unplug of all boards. Supports active/standby switchover of the BCKM. Leads in system power supply and distributes the power to all boards. Leads in signal monitoring lines for the fan subrack and the power subrack. Provides protection against misplugging. 2.6.2 Structure and Principle Functions of the slots in the BASB are as shown in Figure 2-6. 2-13 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Chapter 2 Baseband Subsystem Figure 2-6 Functions of all slots in the BASB A backplane includes two parts: connector and board slot. The connector part includes 2 input connectors of backplane +24V power/ground, and 3 DB37 D-connectors. Power input connector, D-connector are all crimped devices. The slots of the backplane are defined as follows:
Slots 0~1 are for BCIMs. Sots 5~6 are for BCKMs. Slots 7~8 are for BRDMs. Slots 2~4, 9~11 are for BCPMs. 2.6.3 External Interfaces The interfaces between the backplane and external devices include:
System power interface Remote maintenance serial port Environment alarm interface Fan alarm serial port in baseband subrack System external synchronization interface Sixteen E1/T1 interfaces 2.6.4 Indices
Dimensions: 368mm %262mm (Length%Width) 2.7 BESP 2.7.1 Overview The E1 Surge Protector (BESP) is placed between the transmission equipment subrack and the power supply subrack. It is a functional entity for the BTS to implement 2-14 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Chapter 2 Baseband Subsystem lightning protection with E1/T1 trunk line. The 8 pairs of lightning protection units of the BESP are used to discharge transient high voltage on the sheath and core of E1/T1 trunk line to the PGND. 2.7.2 Structure and Principle I. Structure The structure of BESP is shown in Figure 2-7. BESP Level-2 protection Level-1 protection PGND 8 E1s/T1s BCIM
. Interface DB37 4 E1s/T1s Level-2 protection Level-1 protection Interface DB25
. BSC PGND
. 4 E1s/T1s Interface DB25
. BSC Level-2 protection Level-1 protection PGND Figure 2-7 Structure of BESP The board consists of three parts: DB25 connector, lightning protection unit and DB37 connector. Lightning protection unit
E1/T1 lightning protection unit has two inbound lines connected with DB25, two outbound lines connected with DB37, and one PGND. Here PGNDs of all lightning protection units can be interconnected. DB37 connector
The DB37 is a male connector, connected with eight E1/T1 cables.
DB25 connector 2-15 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Chapter 2 Baseband Subsystem The DB25 is a female connector. There are two DB25 connectors, respectively connected with four E1/T1 cables. II. Principle of lightning protection The principle of lightning protection is shown in Figure 2-8. Core Lead in DB25 Sheath PGND Lead out DB37 Figure 2-8 Principle of E1/T1 lightning protection When the BTS E1 trunk line is struck by lightning, high voltage will arise first on the DB25 and then spread to the lightning protection units. The lightning protection units have two protection levels: air discharge tube and voltage limit mesh. The air discharge tube discharges the high voltage to the ground and lowers it to 600V below. Then the voltage limit mesh further lowers the voltage to 30V below. 2.7.3 External Interfaces
E1/T1 interface Interface with the BSC (DB25). Connection with the BCIM (DB37) 2.7.4 Indices Bearable surge current: >10kA (common mode), >5KA (differential mode)
Output residual voltage: <30V.
Dimensions: 140mm %120mm (Length%Width) 2-16 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station 2.8 BFAN System Principle Chapter 2 Baseband Subsystem The fan module (BFAN) is installed right under the baseband subrack, serving as a part of the blower type cooling system of the baseband subrack. The BFAN consists of fan boxes and fan enclosures. Each fan box contains four fan units (24V DC brush-free fan) and one BTS Fan Monitor Module (BFMM). The fan enclosure is used for installation of fan boxes, whose outside is the BTS3612A Fan Block Interface Board (BFIB) providing a system interface. The structure of BFAN is shown in Figure 2-9.
(2)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(8)
(8)
(4)
(4)
(7)
(7)
(5)
(5)
(6)
(6)
(1) Fan box
(4) BFIB
(7) Blind mate connector Figure 2-9 Structure of BFAN
(2) LED indicator
(5) System signal interface
(8) BFMM
(3) Fan enclosure
(6) Power input interface 2.8.1 BFMM I. Overview Built in the fan box, the BTS Fan Monitor Module (BFMM) communicates with the BCKM and receives instructions from the BCKM. It can make speed adjustment of the PWM on the fan units and report board status information to the BCKM when it is 2-17 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Chapter 2 Baseband Subsystem
queried. It can also guarantee a safe and proper cooling system and lower the system noise. Its main functions are as follows:
Control rotating speed of the fans. Check whether fan units are in position and report their information. Check and report fan unit blocking alarm. Drive fan operating status indicator. Communicate with the Main Control Unit (MCU) of BCKM and report in-board status information.
II. Structure and principle The position of BFMM is shown in Figure 2-9. And its function is shown in Figure 2-10. Temperature collection module Fan drive module Communication module Main control unit Switch value alarm module Fan-in-position & fault detection module Indicator drive module Power supply module Figure 2-10 Functions of BFMM Power supply module
The power supply module converts +24V input power into the voltage required by various modules of local board.
Main Control Unit (MCU) The MCU controls the fans and communicates with the BCKM. That is:
- Generates control PWM signals according to the instruction sent from the BCKM to control the speed of fans.
- Detects fan alarm signal and in-board logic alarm signal, and reports them to the BCKM.
- Generates panel indicator signals. Communication module
The module performs serial communication with the BCKM.
Fan driving module 2-18 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Chapter 2 Baseband Subsystem The PWM control signal generated in the MCU provides controlled power input for fans by isolating driving circuits. Fan in position and fault detection module
This module isolates the fan-in-position signal and fan blocking alarm signal, then converts them into logic level for the MCU to sample and analyze. Temperature collection module
The module collects the ambient temperature information of BFMM in real time, which is realized by the MCU in query operation. Indicator driving module:
When a functional alarm (such as communication interruption in main control mode) occurs to the board or a fan blocking alarm occurs to the motor, this module provides a LED optical alarm interface inside the fan block, to drive the LED indicator on the fan block front panel. III. External interface Power interface
The interface is used to lead in working power for the BFMM. Communication serial port
Serial port communication ports 0 and 1 provide access for system active/standby serial port. When the system has only one serial port, only port 0 is used. LED indicator driving output interface
This is the driving interface for LED status indicator on the panel of the fan box. Fan unit driving interface
Maximally six such interfaces are provided. They also serve as the interfaces for fan-in-position detection and fan blocked detection. IV. Indices
Power voltage: +24V. Power consumption <5W. Dimensions: 280mm%35mm (Length%Width) 2.8.2 BFIB I. Overview The BTS Fan Block Interface Board (BFIB) provides electrical connection between fan boxes and the system. On one hand, it provides blind mate interfaces for the fan boxes. On the other hand, it provides the system with power interfaces and serial communication interfaces. 2-19 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station II. Structure and principle System Principle Chapter 2 Baseband Subsystem The position of BFIB is shown in Figure 2-9. The BFIB implements interface conversion function. Refer to "3) Interface" for the definition of interfaces. Its structure is shown in Figure 2-11.
(1) MOLEX connector Figure 2-11 Illustration of BFIB structure
(2) Large 3PIN power socket
(3) DB-15 signal socket III. External interface Fan box electrical interface
Power supply ports and serial port communication ports are provided for the fan boxes through MOLEX connectors. System power supply interface
The interface leads in the system power through big 3-pin connectors. System serial communication interface
External serial communication interface is provided through the DB-15. IV. Indices Dimensions: 230mm%30mm (Length%Width) 2-20 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Chapter 3 Radio Frequency Subsystem Chapter 3 Radio Frequency Subsystem 3.1 Overview 3.1.1 Radio Frequency Subsystem Functional Structure The structure of RF (radio frequency) subsystem is shown in Figure 3-1. BRDM BTRM BRDM BTRM BHPA BHPA Antenna & feeder CDU RLDU BRDM: BTS Resource Distribution Module BHPA: BTS High Power Amplifier Unit RLDU: Receive LNA Distribution Unit Figure 3-1 Structure of RF subsystem BTRM: BTS Transceiver Module CDU: Combining Duplexer Unit
Note:
The above figure illustrates the duplexer configuration for 800MHz band. For 800MHz band, the duplexer can also be DDU. For 450MHz band, the duplexer can be DFU, DDU or CDU. For 1900MHz band, the duplexer can be DDU or CDU. The RF subsystem is connected with the BCIM of the baseband subsystem via the optical interface provided by the BTRM, and connected with the antenna & feeder subsystem via the feeder interface provided by a CDU, DDU, or DFU. It implements the following functions:
3-1 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Chapter 3 Radio Frequency Subsystem In forward link, it performs power adjustable up-conversion and linear power amplification to the modulated transmission signals, filtering the transmission signals to meet the corresponding air interface standard. In reverse link, it filters the signals received by the BTS antenna to suppress out-band interference, and then performs low-noise amplification, noise factor adjustable frequency down-conversion, and channel selective filtering. 3.1.2 Introduction to RF Modules The RF subsystem is composed of RF modules. Figure 8-3 shows the RF subsystem in full configuration. RF modules include:
the wave filtering and duplex BTRM: Complete the modulation/demodulation of baseband signal and up/down conversion. BHPA: Complete the high-power linear amplification of transmitting carrier signals. DFU: Complete isolation of one main transmitting/receiving signal, and the wave filtering of diversity receiving signal. It is one of the RF front-end modules. DDU: Complete the isolation and duplex filtering of two receiving/transmitting signals. It is one of the RF front-end modules and is not equipped with the combiner function. CDU: Complete the combination and wave filtering of two transmitting signals, duplex isolation of main transmitting and receiving signals, and the wave filtering of diversity receiving signal. It is one of the RF front-end modules. RLDU: Complete the low noise amplification and dividing of receiving signals.
Besides the above modules, the backplane of RF module and the RF fan module will also be introduced in this chapter. 3.2 BTRM 3.2.1 Overview In reverse link, the BTS Transceiver Module (BTRM) receives the main/diversity RF signals from the RLDU, and then changes the RF signals into baseband signals through down-conversion, wave filtering and multiplexing. Finally the BTRM sends the baseband signals to the baseband subsystem through the BRDM. In forward link, the BTRM receives the baseband signals from the BRDM, then changes the baseband signals into RF signals through de-multiplexing, wave filtering and up-conversion. Finally the BTRM sends the RF signals to the RF subsystem through the RF front module such as CDU. 3-2 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Chapter 3 Radio Frequency Subsystem The BTRM also receives the management and configuration information from the BCKM, and reports the status and alarms of itself to the BCKM. 3.2.2 Structure and Principle The BTRM consists of BTS Intermediate Frequency Module (BIFM) and BTS Radio up-down Converter Module (BRCM). Its structure is shown in Figure 3-2. Clock ADC Filter ADC Filter DAC Filter BRCM Main receiver RLDU Diversity receiver RLDU Local oscillator Transmitter BHPA BHPA BRDM BIFM CPU e c a f r e n t i l a c i t p O l r e x e p i t l u m l
r e x e p i t l u m e D Down converter Down converter Up converter FIR
DAGC FIR
DAGC
+24V PSU Power Figure 3-2 Structure of BTRM I. BIFM The BIFM consists of up-converter, down-converter, multiplexer/demultiplexer, optical interface, clock, CPU, and power supply sub-unit. It is in charge of the conversion between the analog intermediate frequency signal and the digital baseband signal, and the control of the BTRM. The functions of each sub-unit are as below:
Up-converter
The up-converter accomplishes digital-analog conversion of the signals in the transmit path. the wave filtering, digital up-conversion and On receiving the baseband I/Q signals that have been de-multiplexed, the up-converter performs digital up-conversion after baseband filtering. Then the digital intermediate frequency signals are converted into analog intermediate frequency signals after digital-analog conversion and wave filtering. At last, the analog intermediate frequency signals are sent to the transmitter in BRCM via radio frequency (RF) interface. Down-converter
The down-converter accomplishes down-conversion and baseband filtering of the signals in the receive path. the analog-digital conversion, digital 3-3 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Chapter 3 Radio Frequency Subsystem On receiving the analog intermediate frequency signals via the radio interface, the down-converter converts them into digital intermediate frequency signals via analog-digital conversion. Then the digital intermediate frequency signals are converted into baseband I/Q signals via digital down-conversion and baseband filtering. As last, the I/Q signals are transmitted to the demultiplexer/multiplexer. Demultiplexer/multiplexer
Under the control of the CPU, the demultiplexer/multiplexer de-multiplexes the forward I/Q signals, and multiplexes the reverse I/Q signals. At the same time, it multiplexes/de-multiplexes the operation & maintenance (O&M) signals of the OML.
Optical interface The optical interface performs channel coding and decoding, and accomplishes optical-electrical signal conversion and electrical-optical signal conversion. It is the interface between the BIFU and the BRDM of the upper-level BTS, and the interface between the BIFU and the MTRM (Micro-bts Transceiver Module) in the lower-level SoftSite. Clock
The clock generates all the clock signals needed by the BIFU, which include the clocks for up/down conversion, analog-digital conversion (ADC), and digital-analog conversion (DAC), as well as other working clocks. It also provides the reference clock for the BRCM. CPU
The CPU is in charge of the control of BTRM, which includes the initialization upon power-on, alarm collecting and reporting, and processing operation & maintenance related messages. Power supply
With input voltage of +24V, the power supply sub-unit provides power supply to BIFU and BRCU. II. BRCM The BRCM consists of transmitter, main/diversity receiver and local oscillator. It up-converts, amplifies the intermediate frequency signals output by BIFM, and performs spuriousness-suppression wave It also performs analog down-conversion, amplification of BTS main/diversity receiving signal input from the RLDU, and channel-selection wave filtering. The functions of each sub-unit are as below. filtering. Transmitter
When receiving the modulated analog intermediate frequency signals output by BIFM, the transmitter converts them to specified RF band via two times of up-conversions. Before and after the up-conversion, wave filtering, signal amplification and power 3-4 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Chapter 3 Radio Frequency Subsystem control are performed, so as to ensure the RF signals output meet the protocol requirements on power level, Adjacent Channel Power Radio (ACPR) and spuriousness.
Main/diversity receiver The main/diversity receiver converts the RF signals output by RLDU to specified intermediate frequency signals via down-conversion, and performs wave filtering, signal amplification and power control before/after the down-conversion, so as to ensure the intermediate frequency signals output can be received by BIFM. Local oscillator
The local oscillator consists of intermediate frequency source, transmit RF synthesizer and receive RF synthesizer. The intermediate frequency source generates the local oscillator signals for intermediate frequency up conversion in transmit path. The transmit RF synthesizer generates the local oscillator signals for the up-conversion of the transmit path. The receive RF synthesizer generates the local oscillator signals for the down conversion of main/diversity receive path. 3.2.3 External Interfaces There are interfaces between the BTRM and the BHPA/RLDU/BRDM/PSU. The descriptions of each interface are given as below:
RF interface between the BTRM and the BHPA
The RF transmitting signal is output via this interface to BHPA, where the signal is amplified and then outputted. RS485 interface between the BTRM and the BHPA
This interface is used to transfer alarm and control signal, and power detection signal. RF interface between the BTRM and the RLDU
The main/diversity RF receiving signal output by RLDU is received via this interface.
Optical interface between the BTRM and the BRDM Baseband data are transmitted or received via this interface. Power supply interface
Interface with BTS3612A TRx Backplane (BTRB), This interface is used to provide
+24V power supply to BTRM. 3-5 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station 3.2.4 Indices System Principle Chapter 3 Radio Frequency Subsystem Supported frequency band: 450MHz, 800MHz and 1900MHz Power voltage: +24V Power consumption: 51W Dimensions: 460mm % 233.5mm % 64mm (Length % Width % Depth)
Note:
BTRM supports the different frequency bands with different BTRM types, such as BTRM for 450MHz band, BTRM for 800MHz band, BTRM for 1900MHz band. And this principle also applies to the other RF modules including BHPA, CDU, DFU, DDU, and RLDU. 3.3 BHPA 3.3.1 Overview Located at the left side of the BTRM, the BTS High Power Amplifier Module (BHPA) amplifies the RF modulation signals output by BTRM. Its main functions are:
RF power amplification: The BHPA performs power amplification for the RF modulation signals from BTRM.
Over-temperature alarm: When the temperature of power amplifier base board exceeds a specified threshold, the BBFM will process the over-temperature alarm signal generated by HPAU and report it to BTRM.
Over-excited alarm: When the power level of BHPA input RF signal exceeds a specified threshold, the BBFM will process the over-excited alarm signal generated by HPAU and report it to BTRM.
Gain decrease alarm: When the gain of the power amplifier drops over 6dB, the BBFM will process the gain decrease alarm signal generated by HPAU and report it to BTRM. Fan monitoring: The BBFM installed in BHPA performs such functions as fan alarm and power amplifier alarm signal processing & reporting, and fan speed adjustment.
3.3.2 Structure and Principle The structure of BHPA module includes the following parts, as shown in Figure 3-3:
3-6 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Chapter 3 Radio Frequency Subsystem RF input RF output Sampling port
+24V Alarm signal BTRB BTRM CDU BDCS BTRM Power amplification Coupler Circulator HPAUz BHPA Alarm circuit Alarm signal BBFM Figure 3-3 Functional structure of BHPA module I. HPAU The High Power Amplifier Unit (HPAU) consists of two parts: power amplifier and alarm circuit. The power amplifier amplifies the RF signals from BTRM. The amplified RF signals are then sent to CDU or DFU via BTRB. The alarm circuit monitors the power amplifier status and generates over-temperature alarm, over-excited alarm and gain decrease alarm signals when necessary. The alarm signals will be sent to BBFM, where they will be processed and reported to BTRB. The coupler is used to couple the RF output signals to the sampling port for test purpose. The output power of HPAU can be adjusted by controlling the RF output signal of BTRM. II. BBFM The BTS BTRM Fan Monitor (BBFM) processes fan alarm signals and power amplifier alarm signals, and sends them to BTRM via BTRB, and then BTRM will report them to upper level. BBFM can adjust the fan speed based on the ambient temperature and the actual BHPA output power in order to lower the noise of fans. For the detail of BBFM, see 3.9 BRFM 3-7 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station 3.3.3 External Interfaces System Principle Chapter 3 Radio Frequency Subsystem External interfaces of the BHPA module are D-type combination blind mate connectors, including:
RF interface
The RF interface of BHPA has one input port and one output port. They are connected respectively with BTRM RF output port via BTRB and CDU/DFU/DDU RF input port via coaxial cable. Power supply interface
Interface with BTS3612A TRx Backplane (BTRB), This interface is used to provide
+24V power supply to BTRM. The +24V power is supplied with the BTS Direct Current Switch box (BDCS). Alarm interface
Interface with BTRM. Fan alarm signals and power amplifier alarm signals are sent via BTRB to BTRM. 3.3.4 Indices
Supported frequency band: 450MHz, 800MHz, and 1900MHz Power supply: +24V Power consumption: <380W Dimensions: 460mm %233.5mm %64mm (Length % Width % Depth) 3.4 BTRB 3.4.1 Overview The BTS3612A TRx Backplane (BTRB) accomplishes the following functions:
Fastening the connection between BTRM and BHPA. Fastening the RLDU.
Monitoring BHPA temperature.
Key internal parts of BTRB include connectors and temperature sensors. Providing alarm signal interface between BTRM and RLDU. 3.4.2 Structure and Principle The BTRB structure is as shown in Figure 3-4. 3-8 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Chapter 3 Radio Frequency Subsystem RS485 RLDU0
RLDU1 Functional group 0 RS485 Figure 3-4 Functional structure of BTRB Temperature Sensor N A M H m m 2 r o t c e n n n o c r o t c e n n n o c RS485 7 W 4 2
RS485 Functional group 1 Temperature Sensor N A M H m m 2 r o t c e n n n o c r o t c e n n n o c 7 W 4 2
r o t c e n n n o c Functional group 2 Temperature Sensor N A M H m m 2 r o t c e n n n o c 7 W 4 2 I. BTRM 2mm connector Each set of 2mm connectors includes one 5%22pin A-connector and three 3-socket-
C4-connectors. A-connector transfers RLDU alarm signals from DB9 connector and RS485 interface message from BHPA 24W7 combination DB-connector. C4-connector transfers the main/diversity input/output RF signal of BTRM and +24V DC power signal needed by BTRM. II. BHPA 24W7 D-type combination blind mate connector Each 24W7 D-type combination blind mate connector includes two coaxial contacts
(transferring BHPA input/output RF signals), two high-current power contacts
(transferring +24V power supply and PGND signals), one set of RS485 signal contacts and a group of contacts for temperature sensor signals. III. DB9 connector There are two angled DB9 connectors on BTRB for two RLDUs alarm signals transferred to BTRM. IV. Temperature sensor There are three temperature sensors for the three BHPA slots, used for sensing the air temperature at each BHPA air outlet. They will convert the information into current and send to BFMM on BHPA for processing. In this way, fan speed can be controlled on a real-time basis. 3.4.3 External Interfaces See the introduction to connectors in Section 3.4.2. 3-9 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station 3.4.4 Indices System Principle Chapter 3 Radio Frequency Subsystem Dimensions: 664mm%262mm%3mm (Length % Width % Depth) 3.5 CDU 3.5.1 Overview The Combining Duplexer Unit (CDU) accomplishes the following functions:
Combining two carrier signals from the two BHPAs into one. Isolating and filtering the receiving and transmitting signals. Filtering the transmitting signals so as to suppress BTS spurious emissions. Filtering the receiving signals so as to suppress the interference from outside the receive band. Key internal parts of CDU include isolator, 2-in-1 combiner, duplexer, filter and directional coupler. 3.5.2 Structure and Principle CDU structure is as shown in Figure 3-5. Pr-OUT Pf-OUT D D TX1 D TX2 D RXM-OUT D RXD-OUT D ISOLATOR FILTER COMB. DUPLEXER LPF LPF COUPLER LPF BPF S N S TX-TEST TX/RXM-ANT RXM-TEST S RXD-TEST N RXD-ANT D D-SUB N N-Type S SMA-Type LPF: Low Pass Filter Figure 3-5 Structure of CDU BPF: Band Pass Filter 3-10 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station I. Isolator System Principle Chapter 3 Radio Frequency Subsystem There are two isolators at each input port of the combiner in CDU. They are used to isolate the two carriers from two input ports. II. Combiner The combiner is a narrow band cavity filtering combiner. In comparison with broadband combiner, it features lower insertion loss and effective isolation. III. Duplexer The duplexer is used to isolate transmitted signals and received signals, suppress transmission spurious and reduce antenna quantity. IV. Filter The filter on the transmitting channel filters transmitting signal. The filter on the main/diversity receive channel filters main/diversity receive signals respectively. Then it sends them to low-noise amplifier in the RLDU for amplification. V. Directional coupler The directional coupler couples forward/reverse power to RLDU, and monitors the antenna VSWR. 3.5.3 External Interfaces The CDU is a module shared by the transmit and receive paths of the BTS. Therefore, it has interfaces with other modules both in the transmitting and in the receiving paths. Its external interfaces include a set of 8W8 D-type combination blind mate connectors on the backside, and a set of N-connectors and SMA connectors on the front side. The interface signals include:
RF signals between CDU combiner input ports and BHPA output ports. They are transferred through the blind mate connectors on the backside. BTS receiving signals output from the duplexer. They are sent to RLDU via the blind mate connector on the backside. BTS transmitting signals, which are transferred to the cabinet-bottom antenna interface through the RF cable connected with the N-connector at the front side of CDU. BTS receiving signals, which are transferred from the cabinet-bottom antenna interface through the RF cable connected with the N-connector on the front side of CDU. 3-11 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Chapter 3 Radio Frequency Subsystem
Forward/reverse coupled RF signals, which are sent to RLDU via the blind mate connector on the backside. Forward/reverse coupled test signals, which are output through the standard SMA connector on the front side of CDU. 3.5.4 Indices
Number of combined signals: 2 Supported frequency band: 450MHz, 800MHz, and 1900MHz.
Module dimensions: 450mm%100mm%344.8mm (Length % Width % Depth) 3.6 DFU 3.6.1 Overview The Duplexer Filter Unit (DFU) accomplishes the following functions:
Isolating and filtering the transmitting and receiving signals for the single carrier. Filtering the diversity receiving signals so as to suppress out-band interference.
Key parts of DFU include low-pass filter, duplexer, filter and directional coupler. 3.6.2 Structure and Principle The DFU structure is shown in Figure 3-6. LPF BPF DUPLEXER COUPLER LPF LPF S RXD-TEST N TX/RXD-ANT S TX-TEST N TX/RXM-ANT S RXM-TEST RXD-OUT D TX D RXM-OUT D Pf-OUT Pr-OUT D D D D-SUB N N-Type S SMA-Type LPF: Low Pass Filter Figure 3-6 Structure of DFU BPF: Band Pass Filter 3-12 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station I. Filter System Principle Chapter 3 Radio Frequency Subsystem The filter on the transmitting channel filters transmitting signal. The filter on the main/diversity receive channel filters main/diversity receive signals respectively. Then it sends them to low noise amplifier in the RLDU for amplification. II. Duplexer The duplexer is used to isolate transmitting and receiving signals, suppress transmission spurious and reduce antenna quantity. III. Directional coupler The directional coupler couples forward/reverse power for RLDU, and monitors the antenna VSWR. 3.6.3 External Interfaces DFU is a module shared by the transmit and receive paths of the BTS. Therefore, it has interfaces with other modules in both the transmit and receive paths. Its external interfaces include a set of 8W8 D-type combination blind mate connectors on the backside, and a set of N connectors and SMA connectors on the front side. The interface signals include:
The signals between DFU and BHPA, which are transferred through the blind mate connectors on the backside. BTS transmitting signals, which are transferred to the cabinet-bottom antenna interface through the RF cable connected with the N-connector at the front side of the module. BTS receiving signals, which are transferred from the cabinet-bottom antenna interface to DFU for filtering through the RF cable connected with the N-connector on the front side of the module. BTS receiving signals output from the duplexer and diversity receive filter. They are sent to RLDU via the blind mate connector on the backside. Forward/reverse coupled RF signals, which are sent to RLDU via the blind mate connectors on the backside. Forward/reverse coupled test signals, which are output through the standard SMA connector on the front side. 3.6.4 Indices Supported frequency band: 450MHz
Module dimensions: 450mm%100mm%344.8mm (Length % Width % Depth) 3-13 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station 3.7 DDU 3.7.1 Overview System Principle Chapter 3 Radio Frequency Subsystem The Dual Duplexer Unit (DDU) implements the following functions:
Isolation and low-pass filtering of two receiving and transmitting signals. Providing two DC feeds to T-type Tower Mounted Amplifier (TMA). Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) test on transmit channels in both forward and backward directions. Coupling test of transmitting and receiving signals.
Key components within DDU include low-pass filter, duplexer, directional coupler, and BIAS T (DC supply unit for TMA) which is optional. 3.7.2 Structure and Principle There are two types of DDU, type A with the BIAS T, type B without the BIAS T. Type A can be selected to feeder DC to the TMA which may be used when the BTS operates at 1900MHz band. The DDU (with the BIAS T) structure is shown in Figure 3-7. BIAS T Pr1-OUT Pf1-OUT TX1 RXM-OUT Pr2-OUT Pf2-OUT TX2 D D D D D D D RXD-OUT D BIAS T LPF LPF LPF LPF DUPLEXER BIAS T COUPLER TX1-TEST TX/RXM-ANT S N S RXM-TEST DUPLEXER BIAS T COUPLER TX2-TEST TX/RXD-ANT S N S RXD-TEST D D-SUB N N-Type S SMA-Type LPF: Low-pass Filter Figure 3-7 Structure of DDU 3-14 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station I. Low-pass filter System Principle Chapter 3 Radio Frequency Subsystem The low-pass filter is used to suppress the high-order harmonic wave. The low-pass filter on receive channel also functions to suppress the interference from the transmit channel. II. Duplexer The duplexer is used to isolate both transmitting and receiving signals, suppress spurious emission and save antennae. III. Directional coupler The bi-directional coupler couples forward and reverse power for RLDU, and monitors the antenna VSWR. IV. DC supply unit for TMA (BIAS T) If the BTS is applied to 1900MHz band, a TMA may be used. The BIAS T of the DDU is to combine and divide RF signals and DC feed so as to provide the TMA with DC. 3.7.3 External Interfaces The DDU is a module shared by both the transmitting and receiving paths of the BTS. It provides interfaces with other modules both in the transmitting and receiving paths. Its external interfaces include a set of 8W8 DB combination blind mate connectors on the back, and a set of N-connectors and the SMA connectors in the front. The interface signals include:
Signals between transmit input port and the BHPA interface. They are transmitted through the blind mate connectors on the back. Transmitting signals, which are transmitted to the cabinet-bottom antenna port through the RF cable connected with the N-connector in front of the DDU. Receiving input signals, which are transmitted from the cabinet-bottom antenna port through the RF cable connected with the N-connector in front of the DDU. Signals output from the receive filter. They are sent to the RLDU via the blind mate connector on the back. Transmitting forward and reverse coupled RF signals, which are sent to the RLDU via the blind mate connector on the back. Transmitting and receiving coupled test signals, which are outputted through the standard SMA connector in front of the DDU. 3.7.4 Indices
Supported band: 800MHz, and 1900MHz 3-15 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Chapter 3 Radio Frequency Subsystem
Module dimensions: 450mm%100mm%344.8mm (Length%Width%Depth) 3.8 RLDU 3.8.1 Overview The Receive LNA Distribution Unit (RLDU) consists of Low Noise Amplifier (LNA), distribution unit, configuration switch and alarm monitoring circuit. Its main functions are:
Low noise amplification and distribution for BTS main/diversity receiving signals. Built-in electronic RF switch supporting multiple BTS configurations (3 sectors or 6 sectors). Antenna VSWR monitoring and alarming, BTS forward RF power detecting, LNA running status monitoring and alarming. 3.8.2 Structure and Principle The RLDU structure is shown in Figure 3-8. RXBD-IN RXBM-IN RXAD-IN RXAM-IN APf-IN APr-IN BPf-IN BPr-IN RXAM1 RXAM2 RXAD1 RXAD2 RXAM3/RXBM1 RXAM4/RXBM2 RXAD3/RXBD1 RXAD4/RXBD2 RXAM-TEST RXBM-TEST VSWR and power check LNA module Switch distribution module DC-IN PWR S/W DB15 Figure 3-8 Structure of RLDU Power supply VSWR check processing Forward power output 3-16 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Chapter 3 Radio Frequency Subsystem I. Receiving signal low noise amplification and distribution unit There are 4 LNAs and distributors inside the RLDU, which process 4 signals. The 4 LNAs have the same specifications such as gain, noise factor and dynamic to ensure the balance among 4 receive paths. II. Configuration switch unit The electronic switches inside the RLDU are designed for supporting different BTS configurations. When the BTS is configured in the 3-sector mode, the electronic switches can be set to make the RLDU operate in the single-sector mode that has two main/diversity receiving paths (Each path provides 1-in-4 output to support 1~4 carriers configuration for each sector). When the BTS is configured in the 6-sector mode, the electronic switches can be set to make the LDU operate in the 2-sector mode. And each sector provides 4 main/diversity receive paths (Each path provides 1-in-2 output, supporting 1~2 carriers configuration in each sector). III. Antenna VSWR and LNA status monitoring unit The transmitted forward/reverse power coupling signals from the CDU or the DFU or the DDU are processed in the antenna VSWR monitoring circuit inside the RLDU. When the VSWR of transmitting antenna exceeds a specified threshold, alarm will occur. At the same time, the RLDU also converts transmit coupling power signal into DC level signal through its RF power detecting circuits. Through this DC level signal, any exception of transmit signal power of antenna can be monitored in realtime. LNA status monitoring circuit monitors the voltage and current of the 4 LNAs inside the RLDU. It generates alarm when fault t is found. 3.8.3 External Interfaces RLDU is the reverse link function module of the BTS, which interfaces with CDU/DFU and BTRM in both input and output sides through the two sets of 8W8 D-type combination blind mate connectors on the back of the module. Interface signals between the RLDU and the CDU/DFU/DDU are:
Main/diversity path receiving RF signals outputted from two CDU/DFU/DDU
receive filters. They are amplified and distributed by the RLDU. The CDU/DFU/DDU coupling RF signals, which are used for antenna VSWR monitoring and forward power detection. Interface signals between the RLDU and the BTRM are:
Main/diversity path receiving RF signals transmitted to the BTRM after being amplified and distributed. 3-17 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Chapter 3 Radio Frequency Subsystem
Antenna VSWR, the LNA status monitoring alarm signals and forward power detection voltage signals, which are outputted to the BRCM by the RLDU through a DB15 interface in front of the module and transmitted to the BIFM for processing. The +24V DC power is necessary for the RLDU. It is provided directly by the secondary power supply module in the BTS through a MOLEX power connector in front of the module. 3.8.4 Indices
Supported frequency band: 450MHz band, 800MHz band, and 1900MHz band Power supply: +24VDC Power consumption: <50W
Module dimensions: 450mm%180mm%50mm (Length%Width%Depth) 3.9 BRFM The BTS RF Fan Module (BRFM) mainly consists of the BBFM, the BBFL and fans. The following is the introduction to the BBFM and the BBFL. 3.9.1 BBFM I. Overview The BTS BTRM FAN Monitor (BBFM) collects and analyzes the temperature information of BHPA module and adjusts the fan speed in realtime to lower the system noise, so as to prolong equipment service life and improve the external performance of the overall system on the premise that the system works in a safe thermal status. The Pulse Wide Modulation (PWM) control signal regarding the fan speed can be generated by the MCU of the local board or configured by the control unit of the BTRM module. At the same time, the BBFM reports to the BCKM the gain decrease, over-temperature, over-excited alarm and fan failure alarm of the BHPA to ensure the reliability of the BHPA module. Specifically, it functions to:
Control fan speed, monitor and report fan alarm.
Monitor and report the BHPA alarm. Drive fan monitor indicator module.
Collect temperature information of the BHPA module. Communicate with the BTRM module.
II. Structure and principle The position of the BBFM in the BHPA module is as shown in Figure 3-9. 3-18 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Chapter 3 Radio Frequency Subsystem r e v o c n a F BBFM BHPA t e a m d n i l B r o t c e n n o c Figure 3-9 Position of BBFM in BHPA module The structure of the BBFM is shown in Figure 3-10. BBFM HPAU Interface circuit Temperature collection Watchdog BHPA External temperature collection MCU Panel indicator driving alarm signal isolation circuit Fan cover PWM Modulation circuit Communication interface Serial port BTRM Figure 3-10 Structure of BBFM module
MCU module The MCU module implements the following functions:
- Collect and analyze the temperature information to generate PWM signals for controlling the fan speed.
- Receive alarm signals generated by the BHPA module and fan alarm signals and report to the BTRM module.
- Generate panel indicator signal.
- Communicate with the BTRM module.
BHPA interface module 3-19 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Chapter 3 Radio Frequency Subsystem This module isolates and drives the interface with the BHPA. Temperature information collection module
This module collects the temperature information of the BHPA module in real time, which is implemented by the MCU in query mode. Panel indicator driving and alarm signal isolation module
This module is used to drive the panel indicator and isolate fan alarm signals. Communication module
The communication module performs serial communication with the BTRM module. Power supply module
The input power of the BFMM is +24V, and power consumption is 3.5W (excluding power for the fans). III. External interfaces BHPA interface
Interface with the BHPA module, used for the BHPA alarm monitoring. Serial communication interface
Interface used to report the alarm of the fans and the BHPA module. Interface with the fan cover
Including fan alarm signal, panel indicator, and fan power interface. IV. Indices Module dimensions: 200.0mm%55.0mm (Length%Width). 3.9.2 BBFL I. Overview The BTS BTRM FAN Lamp Module (BBFL) has three RUN indicators to indicate the running status of the BTRM module, fans and the BHPA module. The board is connected with the BBFM via the fan cover interface. It is an auxiliary board. II. Structure and principle The structure of the BBFL is shown in Figure 3-11. 3-20 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Chapter 3 Radio Frequency Subsystem BTRM indicator FAN indicator BHPA indicator LED1 LED2 LED3 e c a f r e t n i 1 n a F e c a f r e t n i 2 n a F Fan cover port (connect to BBFM) Figure 3-11 Structure of BBFL module The BBFL consists of the following parts:
Fan 1 interface module
It is a 4pin ordinary socket connector connected with the Fan 1, including power supply input port and fan alarm output port. Fan 2 interface module
It is a 4pin ordinary socket connector connected with the Fan 2, including power supply input port and fan alarm output port. Fan cover port interface module
It is connected with the fan cover of the BBFM. III. Panel indicators LED1: BTRM operating signal LED2: Fan operating signal LED3: BHPA operating signal IV. Indices BBFL dimensions: 55.0mm%25.0mm (Length%Width). 3-21 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Chapter 4 Antenna & Feeder Subsystem Chapter 4 Antenna & Feeder Subsystem 4.1 Overview The BTS antenna & feeder subsystem consists of two parts: the RF antenna & feeder, and the satellite (GPS/GLONASS) synchronization antenna & feeder. The former transmits the modulated RF signals and receives MS signals, while the latter provides precise synchronization for the CDMA system. 4.2 RF Antenna & Feeder The RF antenna & feeder of the BTS is composed of antenna, jumper from antenna to feeder, feeder, and the jumper from feeder to cabinet-bottom, as shown in Figure 4-1. Sector Sector Sector Antenna Jumper Feeder Jumper BTS cabinet Figure 4-1 Structure of RF antenna & feeder 4.2.1 Antenna Antenna is the end point of transmitting and start point of receiving. The type, gain, coverage pattern and front-to-rear ratio of the antenna all will affect the system performance. The network designer should select antenna properly based on the subscriber number and system coverage. 4-1 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station I. Antenna gain System Principle Chapter 4 Antenna & Feeder Subsystem Antenna gain is the capability of the antenna to radiate the input power in specific directions. Normally, in the direction where the radiation intensity of the antenna is the strongest, the higher the gain is, the stronger the field intensity will be in a faraway place and the larger the effective coverage area will be. But there may be blind areas in the vicinity. II. Antenna pattern Antenna pattern describes the radiation intensity of the antenna in all directions. The horizontal antenna pattern is often used. It is also used as a standard to classify the antennae The BTS antenna is categorized in two types: omni antenna and directional antenna. The directional antenna includes the following types: 120, 90, 65 and 33. III. Polarization Polarization is used to describe the change path of the direction of the electric field. The mobile communication system often uses uni-polarization antennas. Bi-polarization antennae have been used recently. It is an antenna with two cross-over antenna polarization directions. The isolation is above 30dB for both the +45o and -45o antennae. The adoption of the bi-polarization antenna can save antennae, as one bi-polarization antenna can replace two sets of independent uni-polarization antennae. Normally bi-polarization directional antenna is used in directional cell. Compared with the uni-polarization directional antenna, the bi-polarization directional antenna is cost-effective, space saving and easy to install. However, uni-polarization omni antenna is still adopted in omni cell. IV. Diversity technology Electrical wave propagation in urban area has the following features:
Field intensity value changes slowly with places and time. It changes in the rule of logarithmic normal distribution, which is called the slow attenuation. Field intensity transient value attenuates selectively due to the multi-path transmission. The attenuation rules falls into Rayleigh distribution, which is called the fast attenuation. The fast attenuation, slow attenuation, multi-path effect, and shadow effect will impair the quality of communication or even interrupts the conversation. Diversity technology is one of the most effective technologies to tackle the attenuation problem. Diversity receiving and combining technology can be used to minimize the attenuation when there is little correlation between the two attenuated signals. 4-2 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Chapter 4 Antenna & Feeder Subsystem There are polarized diversity and space diversity. In the present mobile communication system, horizontal space diversity and polarized diversity are both supported. Space diversity is effective when the distance between two antennae is over 10 wavelengths. Polarized diversity facilitates antenna installation and saves space, therefore it is used more and more extensively. V. Antenna isolation The receiving/transmitting antenna must be installed with sufficient isolation to minimize the effect on the receiver. The isolation space is subject to the spuriousness of the transmitter and the characteristics of the receiver. 4.2.2 Feeder Normally, the standard 7/8 inch or 5/4 inch feeders are used to connect the antenna and cabinet. In the site installation, 7/16 DIN connectors should be prepared based on the actual length of feeders. Three grounding cable clips for lightning protection should be applied at the tower top
(or building roof), feeder middle, and the end close to the cabinet-bottom. If the feeder is excessively long, additional cable clips should be applied evenly in the middle. Since 7/8 inch and 5/4 inch feeders should not be bent, the tower top (or building roof) antenna and the feeder, cabinet and the feeder should be connected via jumpers. The jumpers provided by Huawei are 1/2 inch, 3.5m long, and with 7/16DIN connectors. The attenuation of the feeder often used is listed in Table 4-1. Table 4-1 Attenuation (dB/100m) of the feeder (ambient temperature 20C) Frequency Band 7/8 inch feeder 5/4 inch feeder 450MHz 800MHz 1900MHz 2.65dB 3.9dB 5.9dB 1.87dB 2.8dB 4.51dB Standard conditions: VSWR 1.0, ambient temperature 20C (68F). 4.2.3 Lightning Arrester (Optional) When the BTS3612A works at the 1900MHz band, the lightning arrester is necessary, but for other bands, it is not necessary. The lightning arrester is used to prevent damage of lightning current to the antenna &
feeder system. 4-3 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Chapter 4 Antenna & Feeder Subsystem Usually, there are two types of lightning arresters. The first type uses the microwave principle to conduct the low frequency lightning current to the ground so as to sink the current. The second one is a discharging tube, when the voltages at both ends of the discharging tube reach a certain value, the tube conducts to sink the large current. The second technique is used in BTS3612A. Lightning arrester should be installed close to the BTS cabinet. 4.2.4 Tower-top Amplifier (Optional) When the BTS3612A works at 1900MHz band, the tower-top amplifier (TA) is optional, for the other bands, it is not necessary. The TA is a low-noise amplification module installed on the tower. It is to amplify the reverse signal from MS before the transmission loss occurs along the feeder. This helps improve the receiving sensibility of the BTS system and the reverse coverage of the system while lowering the transmitting power of MS and improving the conversation quality. Usually the triplex TA is configured. It is installed close to the antenna. This type of TA consists of triplex filter, low-noise amplifier and feeder. The triplex filter is actually the combination of two duplex filters. The signal from the antenna is first filtered off the external interference at the triplex filter, and then is amplified by the low-noise amplifier, and finally sent to the feeder. Features of the TA include:
The noise factor of TA is very low. The TA has a wide dynamic range, which is full adaptable to the change of strength of signal received by antenna caused by different distances between the MS and the BTS. The TA has the alarm bypass function. The TA is fed with feeder, so it has the feeding detection device. The TA adopts strict water-proof sealing and is adaptable to a wide range of working temperatures (-40C~70C). The TA can sustain strong lightning strikes. 4.3 Satellite Synchronization Antenna & Feeder 4.3.1 Overview Many important features of the CDMA system are closely related to and much dependent on the global satellite navigation system. If the global satellite navigation system stops working for a long time, the whole CDMA network will collapse. 4-4 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Chapter 4 Antenna & Feeder Subsystem In consideration of system security and reliability, the BTS receives signals of the GPS system or of the GLONASS system through a satellite synchronization antenna &
feeder, to implement radio synchronization. In this way, the whole network can still operate normally without any adverse effect when the GPS or GLONASS system is not available. A satellite synchronization antenna & feeder system is composed of an antenna, the jumper from antenna to feeder, feeders, a lightning arrester and the jumper from feeder to cabinet-bottom (the feeders and jumpers can be configured as needed). Figure 4-2 shows the structure. Antenna Jumper Feeder Jumper Lightning arrester BTS cabinet Figure 4-2 Structure of satellite synchronization antenna & feeder
Note:
When the length of the feeder is within 100m, use the 1/2 feeder, which can be directly connected to the antenna and lightning arrester without any jumper. When the length of the feeder exceeds 100m, use the 7/8 feeder. In this case, a jumper is needed. Generally, one BTS is configured with one set of satellite synchronization antenna &
feeder. However, if two BCKM boards are configured to further enhance the reliability of the system, the two BCKMs each should be configured with one set of independent satellite synchronization antenna & feeder. In Figure 4-2, two satellite synchronization antenna & feeder interfaces are provided. The following describes the application of the GPS and the GLONASS in a CDMA BTS. 4-5 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station I. GPS System Principle Chapter 4 Antenna & Feeder Subsystem The GPS is a high precision all-weather satellite navigation system based on radio communications. It can provide high precision information about 3D-position, speed and time. The 3D-position is accurate to less than 10 yards (approx. 9.1m) in space; the time is accurate to less than 100ns in time. The GPS signals can be received and used as the reference frequency. The whole system consists of three parts: space part, land control part and user part. The space part is a group of satellites (altogether 24) 20,183 kilometers high, orbiting the earth at a speed of 12 hours/circle. The land control part consists of a main control center and some widely distributed stations. The user part includes GPS receivers and their supporting equipment. II. GLONASS The GLONASS is a global satellite navigation system developed by the former Soviet Union and inherited by Russia. With 24 satellites distributed on 3 orbits, it has a structure similar to the GPS, but a smaller coverage. III. Application of GPS and GLONASS in CDMA BTS The BTS3612A supports GPS/GLONASS satellite system synchronization mode, providing two synchronization solutions (GPS or GPS/GLONASS) as required by the user. In the CDMA2000 1X system, the BTS is a user of the GPS or GLONASS, utilizing their timing function. BTS3612A adopts smart software phase-lock and holdover technologies to minimize interference such as signal wander and jitter caused by ionosphere and troposphere errors of GPS or GLONASS satellites. The timing signal of the GPS or GLONASS features high reliability and long-term frequency stability. BTS3612A is equipped with a crystal clock that promises high stability. The short-term stability of this crystal clock and the long-term stability of the GPS or GLONASS combine to ensure the reliability and stability of the CDMA2000 1X system clock. 4-6 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station 4.3.2 Antenna I. GPS antenna System Principle Chapter 4 Antenna & Feeder Subsystem The GPS antenna is an active antenna. L1 band (1565~1585MHz) GPS signals received by the antenna are filtered by a narrow-band filter and amplified by a preamplifier. Then they are sent to a GPS receiver integrated in the BCKM. II. GPS/GLONASS dual-satellite antenna The GPS/GLONASS dual-satellite antenna is also an active antenna. It receives both L1 GPS and GLONASS signals (1602~1611MHz). 4.3.3 Feeder Normally, standard 1/2 inch or 7/8 inch feeders are used to connect the antenna and the cabinet. In site installation, 7/16DIN connectors should be prepared based on the actual length of feeders. Three grounding cable clips for lightning protection should be applied at the tower top
(or building roof), feeder middle, and the end close to the cabinet-bottom. If the feeder is excessively long, additional cable clips are needed. Since the 7/8 inch feeder should not be bent, the tower top (or building roof) antenna and the feeder, the cabinet and the feeder should be connected via jumpers. The jumpers provided by Huawei are 1/2 inch, 3.5m long, with 7/16DIN connectors. The feeder is mainly used to transmit GPS/GLONASS signals received by the GPS/GLONASS antenna to the GPS/GLONASS receiver. It also provides power for the antenna module to make pre-amplification. 4.3.4 Lightning Arrester Like the lightning arrester of RF antenna & feeder, the satellite uses the lightning arrester of antenna & feeder to protect the equipment from direct lightning stroke or inductive lightning. One feeder is configured with one lightning arrester. 4.3.5 Receiver I. GPS receiver There are many types of GPS receivers. The following introduces the one with 8 parallel paths. 4-7 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Chapter 4 Antenna & Feeder Subsystem This kind of GPS receiver is capable of tracking 8 satellites concurrently. It receives GPS signals of band L1 and tracks C/A codes. Inside the receiver, the RF signal processor makes frequency down-conversion to the GPS signals received by the antenna to get the Intermediate Frequency (IF) signals. The IF signals are then converted to digital signals and sent to 8-path code and carrier correlator, where signal detection, code correlation, carrier tracking and filtering are performed. The processed signal is synchronized and sent to the positioning Micro Processing Unit
(MPU), which controls the operational mode and decoding of the GPS receiver, processes satellite data, measures pseudo-distance and pseudo-distance increment so as to figure out the position, speed and time. The receiver should be powered with regulated 5V DC and the sensitivity of the receiver is -137dBm. II. Dual-satellite receiver The principle of the dual-satellite receiver is similar to the GPS receiver. It has 20 receiving paths and can be upgraded from GPS L1 to GPS/GLONASS L1+L2 or other solutions. 4-8 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Chapter 5 Power & Environment Monitoring Subsystem Chapter 5 Power & Environment Monitoring Subsystem 5.1 Overview The functional structure of the power & environment monitoring subsystem is shown in Figure 5-1. Env ironment monitor and sensors Boolean v alue Analog v alue PMU 220V AC or 110V AC RS485 PSUAC/DC
-48VDC distribution DC unit distribution AC unit Air conditioner/
heat ex changer Battery subrack/
cabinet RS485
-48VDC PSUDC/
DC
+24VDC BCKM Transmissio n equipment Heat ex changer fan Lamp Baseband boards and RF modules Figure 5-1 Functional structure of the power & environment monitoring subsystem The subsystem provides functions of power distribution and environment monitoring
(including temperature control). The power distribution part includes the AC distribution unit, PSUAD/DC, the DC distribution unit, PSUDC/DC, PMU, and the battery subrack or cabinet. The environment monitoring part includes the PMU and the air conditioner or heat exchanger. The following sections describe the working principles of power distribution and environment monitoring. As the PMU mainly implements the monitoring functions, it will be introduced in Section 5.3, "Environment Monitoring"
5-1 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station 5.2 Power Distribution 5.2.1 AC Distribution System Principle Chapter 5 Power & Environment Monitoring Subsystem The BTS3612A supports four types of AC power supplies: three-phase 220V AC, single-phase 220V AC, three-phase 110V AC and single-phase 110V AC. I. Distribution of three-phase 220V AC through three-phase 220V AC passes The the ElectroMagnetic Interference (EMI) filter before reaching the AC distribution unit. From the AC distribution unit, the power is distributed to the voltage regulator, PCUAC/DC and power sockets (reserved). Each distribution path is protected with an air switch at the input end. Detailed distribution paths are shown in Figure 5-2. lightning protector and the 220VAC A B C N h c t i w s r i A r e t l i f I M E Lightning arrester AC distribution unit 32A 10A 63A 63A A,N B,N C,N A N B N C N Voltage regulator Air conditioner/heat exchanger Reserved PSUAC/DC
+24V DC PSU AC/DC
+24V DC Figure 5-2 Distribution of three-phase 220V AC The air switch, lightning protector and EMI filter are all installed in the power lightning protector/filter box. II. Distribution of single-phase 220V AC If the single-phase 220V AC is used for the BTS3612A, a wiring terminal for phase conversion should be equipped before the air switch to convert the single-phase power into three-phase power. The power distribution in the cabinet is the same as that of the three-phase 200V AC, as illustrated in Figure 5-3. 5-2 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Chapter 5 Power & Environment Monitoring Subsystem L 220VAC N h c t i w s r i A r e t l i f I M E Lightning arrester AC distribution unit 32A 10A 63A 63A A,N B,N C,N A N B N C N Voltage regulator Air conditioner/heat exchanger Reserved PSUAC/DC
+24V DC PSU AC/DC
+24V DC Figure 5-3 Distribution of single-phase 220V AC III. Distribution of three-phase 110V AC If the single-phase 110V AC is used for the BTS3612A, an air conditioner (or heat exchanger) and a PCUAC/DC that support 110V AC should be configured. The rest configuration is the same with the distribution of three-phase 220V AC. IV. Distribution of single-phase 110V AC If the single-phase 110V AC is used for the BTS3612A, a wiring terminal for phase conversion should be equipped before the air switch to convert the single-phase power into three-phase power. The rest configuration is the same with the distribution of three-phase 110V AC. 5.2.2 DC Distribution I. Distribution of 48V DC Figure 5-4 illustrates how the 220V AC is converted into 48V DC and then distributed. The 220V AC is output by the AC distribution unit to the 220V AC power input busbar on the backplane of the PSUAC/DC subrack. The PSUAC/DC converts the power and outputs multiple 48V DC supplies to the busbar. 5-3 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Chapter 5 Power & Environment Monitoring Subsystem AC distribution unit Input busbar 220V AC PSU PSU
..... PSU PMU Output busbar
-48V DC DC distribution busbar Figure 5-4 AC-DC conversion and distribution of 48V DC Then the DC distribution busbar sends the 48V DC to the power consumption units such as the PSUDC/DC subrack, batteries, transmission equipment, fans, lighting equipment, and the internal and external circulation fans in the heat exchanger. II. Distribution of +24V DC Figure 5-5 illustrates how the 48V DC is converted into +24V DC and then distributed. The -48V DC is output to the -48V DC power input busbar on the backplane of the PSUDC/DC subrack. The PSUDC/DC converts the power and outputs multiple +24V DC supplies to the output busbar. Then the power is sent to the distribution busbar of the DC distribution box on the top of the cabinet along the cables in the cabling trough. DC/DC DC/DC DC/DC PSUDC/DC subrack
-48VIN GND PGND Switch box
... Wiring terminals
... 9 service processing units DU BTRM0
BTRM5 RLDU0 RLDU1 Figure 5-5 DC-DC conversion and distribution of +24V DC 5-4 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Chapter 5 Power & Environment Monitoring Subsystem To ensure the normal power supply to other power consumption units when the power to one of the unit is disconnected due to over current, a separate over-current protection unit is equipped in the distribution box for each power consumption unit. Through these protection units, the busbar distributes the power to the terminals on the back panel, which will supply the power to various consumption units. 5.2.3 Power Distribution Devices I. PSUAC/DC The PSUAC/DC is composed of an AC-DC converter and a power monitor. The former converts the ~220V AC (local mains) into 48V DC; the later detects status of the PSUAC/DC and reports alarms. II. PSUDC/DC The PSUDC/DC is composed of a Direct Current - Direct Current (DC-DC) converter and a power monitor. The former converts the 48V DC into +24V DC; the later detects status of the PSUDC/DC and reports alarms. III. Batteries
Note:
Batteries are optional. When the local mains supply fails, batteries can maintain the normal operation of the BTS for a period of time. A built-in battery subrack and an auxiliary battery cabinet are available to satisfy different requirements. Built-in battery subrack
The built-in battery subrack is configured in the auxiliary cabinet. It can be installed with four 12V/65Ah storage batteries to maintain the normal operation of the BTS2612A in S(1/1/1) configuration for more than 30 minutes. Auxiliary battery cabinet
The auxiliary battery cabinet can hold up to twenty-four 2V/650Ah or 2V/300Ah or 2V/200Ah batteries to power the system for a longer period after the mains failure. An auxiliary battery cabinet fully configured with twenty-four 2V/650Ah batteries can support the normal operation of BTS3612A in S(1/1/1) configuration for more than eight hours. 5-5 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station 5.3 Environment Monitoring System Principle Chapter 5 Power & Environment Monitoring Subsystem 5.3.1 Structure of Monitoring System As an outdoor BTS, the BTS3612A provides comprehensive power & environment monitoring functions, which are implemented through sensors, TCU and PMU. The temperature inside the cabinet is controlled by an independent temperature control device. The monitoring system is shown in Figure 5-6. Smoke sensor Temp sensor Water sensor Door status sensor TCU 220/110VAC PSU PSU
-48V Busbar Power control & battery management Environment monitoring PMU 7 reserved boolean value Air switch fuse detector Current measurement Temp measurement Protector Battery RS485 To BCKM of baseband subsystem Temperature control Figure 5-6 Monitoring system of BTS3612A I. Monitoring functions of PMU The PMU monitors on a real-time basis control value signals, Boolean value signals, current/voltage analog signals and environment value analog signals. Control value signals include:
Equal floating charge and current-limiting control of batteries Protective load connect/disconnect of batteries
Boolean value signals include:
Air conditioner / heat exchanger failure alarm. 5-6 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Chapter 5 Power & Environment Monitoring Subsystem AC lightening arrester alarm. Battery interface lightening arrester of battery cabinet. Cabinet smoke alarms, water alarms, and door control alarms.
Current/voltage analog signals include:
Current of the battery group (A) Total load current (A) Busbar AC voltage (V)
Environment value analog signals include:
Temperature (oC) inside the cabinet (with sensors) Humidity (RH%) inside the cabinet (with sensors)
Power system management:
PSU failure and PSU protection alarm. The communications (between the PSU and the PMU) failure alarm.
Mains available or unavailable alarm.
Mains over voltage or under voltage alarm.
DC over voltage or under voltage alarm. Fuse status value of the batteries (-0.3VDC<Normal voltage difference<0.3VDC).
II. Temperature control The BTS3612A is an outdoor BTS with a sealed structure. When it operates in a high-temperature environment, the heat generated by the devices may quickly raise the temperature inside the cabinet. To keep the temperature inside within a normal range in the extreme (either high or low) temperature environment, an air conditioner or heat exchanger can be installed in the cabinet. The equipped air conditioner or the heat exchanger itself is highly reliable and able to report alarms when faults occur. 5.3.2 Monitoring Devices I. Sensors Sensors are installed inside the BTS3612A cabinet and the auxiliary battery cabinet. The BTS3612A cabinet is equipped with temperature sensor, door status sensor, water sensor and smoke sensor, while the auxiliary battery cabinet is only equipped with temperature sensor and door status sensor. II. TCU The TCU supervises the temperature of the main equipment. When the temperature is too high or too low, the TCU will cut off the 220V AC input and the 48V DC output from the batteries, and shut down some boards to protect the main equipment. 5-7 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station III. PMU System Principle Chapter 5 Power & Environment Monitoring Subsystem The PMU is the core of the monitoring system. It is responsible for collecting, processing and reporting all the environment variables. IV. Air conditioner The air conditioner can realize closed-loop control over the temperature inside the cabinet. When the air conditioner finds that the temperature is too low, it will start its heating plates and internal fans to heat the BTS. When the temperature is too high, the air conditioner will activate the cooling function to lower the temperature to a normal degree. V. Heat exchanger A heat exchanger can also be used instead of the air conditioner to control the temperature inside the cabinet. The heat exchanger has high/low-temperature alarm circuits. When the temperature inside the cabinet is higher than the temperature outside, it will discharge the heat through closed circulation. Compared with the air conditioner, the heat exchanger has a simpler structure with fewer components, and thus is more cost-effective. 5-8 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Chapter 6 Lightning Protection and Grounding Chapter 6 Lightning Protection and Grounding 6.1 Overview I. Lightning Protection Lightning protection system for communication equipment includes external lightning protection system and internal lightning protection system. The external lightning protection system is to protect the equipment against direct lightning stroke, including lightning receivers, lightning down-leading cables and grounding devices. The internal lightning protection system is to protect the equipment against indirect stroke, such as thunder bolt induction, reverse lightning stroke, lightning wave intrusion and other lightning strokes that might endanger human beings and the equipment. II. Equipment Grounding The purpose of equipment grounding is to provide the equipment with the capability of protecting against external electromagnetism interference and to ensure the safety of human beings and the equipment. The key of lightning protection is grounding, because a fine grounding can provide the equipment with a low-resistance lightning electricity discharging channel. 6.2 BTS Lightning Protection Principle 6.2.1 Principle and Characteristics As an outdoor BTS, the BTS3612A adopts multiple internal and external lightning protection measures. I. Measures of external lightning protection The BTS3612A adopts the equalized electric potential combining/grounding technology specified by the IEC and the ITU-T. This design ensures that no grounding electric potential difference is generated during lightning striking and thus no damage is caused to the equipment. 6-1 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station II. Measures of internal lightning protection System Principle Chapter 6 Lightning Protection and Grounding The AC lightning arrester at the AC input port prevents the AC from direct lightning stroke or inductive lightning. The lightning protection index of the AC input port is 40kA. E1 lightning protection board at the E1 port of the BTS3612A protects E1 signal ports. The lightning protection index of E1 port is 5kA. The antenna and feeder lightning arrester at the feeder inlet protects the BTS against the striking current coupled into the feeder when the steel tower gets lightning stoke. The equalized electric potential connection and insulation design of the cabinet prevent the cabinet from the damage of lightning stroke. 6.2.2 Lightning Protection for AC Power The overall power supply for the BTS3612A is large, so an AC lightning arrester is used at the AC input port as the first level of lighting protection measures. This parallel lightning protection can effectively prevent the BTS3612A from the damage of lightning stroke. This protection function:
Adopts symmetric compound circuits, applicable to the power supply environment with poor electric network quality. Adopts temperature-controlled circuit breaking technology with embedded over-current protection circuits to prevent the cabinet from the danger of fire. Adopts full protection of both common mode and differential mode. Adopts dual-color luminotrons to indicate the working states of the cabinet. 6.2.3 Lightning Protection for Trunk Cables The BTS3612A supports multiple transmission modes: E1 (75coaxial cables and 120 twisted pairs), T1 (100 twisted pairs), SDH and microwave transmission. E1/T1 ports are liable for lightning induction. Therefore, various lightning protection measures for E1/T1 ports are introduced in the following. The BESP is added at the trunk cable inlet for the lightning protection at E1/T1 ports of the BTS3612A. The connection is shown in Figure 6-1. 6-2 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Chapter 6 Lightning Protection and Grounding 75/120/100 BTS 75/120/100 BESP BCIM Transmission equipment Grounding bar Figure 6-1 Connection to BTS via trunk cables All E1 cables achieve the lightning protection through the E1 lightning protection board. The circuits on the board can prevent the lightning current going into the cabinet through E1/T1 cables when the trunk lines get lightning stroke, and the circuits can also discharge most of the current through the electricity discharge tube when large current strikes the cabinet. 6.2.4 Lighting Protection for Antenna & Feeder Subsystem The Radio Frequency (RF) equipment of the BTS shall be placed within the protection range of the lightning rod, which is the precondition to ensure the normal performance of BTS lightning protection system. I. Lightning protection for RF antenna & feeder The lightning protection function for the antenna & feeder protects the equipment against secondary lightning attack, i.e. the inductive lightning. Inductive lightning means that the feeder receives inductive current upon a lightning attack, which may cause damage to the equipment. Inductive lightning can be prevented effectively in three ways:
The feeder is grounded at least at three points. In actual implementation, the number of grounding points depends on the length of the feeder. For 450MHz band and 800MHz band, the RF antenna & feeder part and CDU (or DDU, DFU) are grounded through an internal path. The lightning current induced by the antenna & feeder can be directly discharged to the ground through the grounding point. In addition, the CDU (or DDU, DFU) itself features strong protection capability against lightning current, and can satisfy the normal protection requirements without extra lightning protectors. 6-3 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Chapter 6 Lightning Protection and Grounding
For 1900MHz band, when the TMA is configured, the DDU with BIAS T should be configured, the BTS provides the TMA with power supply through the DDU, so lightning arrester is needed at the feeder port of the BTS; If the TMA is not configured, the lightning arresters is also not needed. II. Lighting protection for satellite synchronization antenna & feeder The GPS/GLONASS satellite synchronization antenna & feeder is under the protection of lightning rods. Other lightning protection measures include:
Grounding of feeder at three points: In actual implementation, the number of
grounding points depends on the length of the feeder. External lightning protector: In normal condition, a lightning arrester is connected to the BTS side to avoid the possible damage to the BTS equipment caused by the lightning current induced by feeder cores. 6.3 Grounding of BTS Equipment 6.3.1 Internal Grounding of Cabinet Grounding terminals are installed at the cable outlet port, the bottom and the door of the cabinet. Busbars are installed in the main cabinet, with common grounding cables. Various equipment connects to the grounding system of the cabinet using the grounding cables. Various metal components of the BTS3612A are of high electric conductivity and no insulation paint is applied to the connection points of metal components. Cabinet frames, power distribution unit, PSU and air-conditioner regulator are all equipped with metal shells, which are reliably connected to the metal mechanical parts in the cabinet. 6.3.2 External Grounding of Cabinet A protection grounding (PGND) cable is connected from the PGND of BTS3612A to the nearest grounding copper bar of the office. 6.3.3 Grounding of AC Lightning Arrester Grounding device is installed in the vicinity of AC lighting arrester and connects the grounding cables of AC lightning arrester to the GND of the grounding device. The dual-color (yellow and green) plastic insulation copper-core conducting cables are adopted with the cross-sectional area less than 6mm2 and cable length less than 10cm. 6-4 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Chapter 6 Lightning Protection and Grounding The grounding device of the AC lightning arrester is well connected to the mechanical parts of the cabinet, and the contact resistance is less than 50m. 6.3.4 Grounding of Transmission Equipment Grounding bar is installed in the vicinity of the transmission equipment. The GND cables from the transmission equipment are directly connected to the grounding bar. The dual-color (yellow and green) plastic insulation copper-core conducting cables with the cross-sectional area less than 6mm2 and cable length less than 20cm are used for the grounding cables. The grounding bar of the transmission equipment is well connected to the mechanical parts of the cabinet, and the contact resistance is less than 50m. 6.3.5 Grounding of Overhead E1/T1 and HDSL Cables Metal sheath grounding clamp for dedicated E1/T1 and HDSL overhead cables shall be used for transmission lightning protection equipment. Necessary grounding measures shall be taken before the metal sheaths of E1/T1 and HDSL overhead cables are led into the Roxtec module. 6.3.6 Grounding of BTS Surge Protector The grounding cables for the antenna & feeder lightning arrester are connected to the nearest grounding bar, which is connected to the grounding system of the cabinet. The grounding cables for E1 lightning arrester and HDSL lightning arrester are grounded via the mechanical parts of the cabinet, and the length is less than 20cm. 6-5 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Chapter 7 BTS Signal Flows Chapter 7 BTS Signal Flows 7.1 Overview BTS signals include Abis traffic signal, Abis signaling message, O&M signal, clock signal, and local Man-Machine Interface (MMI) signal. These signals form various flows in the transmission from the Abis interface to the Um interface, as shown in Figure 7-1
(The flows are identified by different colors). I. Abis signal The Abis traffic signal, Abis signaling message and O&M signal are adapted and carried through Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) protocols. At different interfaces, different physical links are used as ATM links.
At the Abis interface, the physical links are E1/T1 links. Between the baseband processing boards, the physical link is cell bus. The physical links for the IQ data exchange between the BRDM and various BCPMs are electrical Gbit Ethernet buses. The physical links for the IQ data exchange between the BRDM and various BTRMs are optical Gbit Ethernet buses. The baseband signals (including the Abis traffic signal, Abis signaling message and O&M signal) are processed by the BTRM and converted into RF signals before the transmission. In the reverse direction, the BTRM receives RF signals and converts them into baseband signals. II. Clock signal As a synchronous system, the CDMA2000 1X requires precise clock reference for synchronization. Figure 7-1 shows satellite synchronization signals are used as clock reference. III. Local MMI signal The BTS provides an interface for local maintenance, through which users can perform operations and maintenance using MMI commands. The local MMI signal is essentially a kind of O&M signal from the local maintenance terminal (compared with the signal coming from a remote terminal through the BSC), so it will not be introduced separately. 7-1 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station CellBus 2S, 25MHz 16 1.228MHz 2S 10MHz BCKM MC OMU CLK BCPM BCPM
. BCPM BCPM E1/T1 Abis traffic BSC BAM Abis signaling BCIM OAM CellBus 25MHz MMI 1PPS, UTC Satellite Receiver Antenna & Feeder System Principle Chapter 7 BTS Signal Flows Antenna & Feeder BTRM BTRM BHPA BHPA DDU RLDU RLDU Gbit Ethernet
(Electric Interface) BRDM Gbit Ethernet
(Optical Interface)
. Antenna & Feeder 100 1.228MHz BTRM BTRM BHPA BHPA DDU RLDU RLDU Clock Signal RF singal Abis traffic signal Abis signaling signal OAM Signal Figure 7-1 BTS signal flows 7-2 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station 7.2 Abis Traffic Signal Flow System Principle Chapter 7 BTS Signal Flows The Abis traffic is carried by the Fundamental Channel (FCH), the Supplemental Channel (SCH) and the Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH). The FCH and DCCH carry voice traffic and inband signal, while the SCH carries data traffic. The Abis traffic signal flow is represented by the red continuous line in Figure 7-1. The following introduces the signals in the forward and the reverse directions respectively. I. Forward 1) The ATM cells from the BSC are carried by E1/T1 links to the BCIM. The BCIM processes the ATM cells through the IMA, and then under the control of BCKM sends the signal to the BCPM through the Cell Bus. 2) The BCPM completes channel processing. The baseband signals carrying the Abis traffic (received over the FCH, SCH and DCCH) from the BCIM are coded, interleaved, spread, modulated and multiplexed by the BCPM before being sent to the BRDM over the electrical Gbit Ethernet interface. 3) The BRDM allocates channel resources, and sends the baseband signals over the optical Gbit Ethernet interface to the BTRM. 4) The BTRM performs demultiplexing, up-conversion and wave filtering on the received baseband signals, and sends them to the BHPA. 5) The BHPA amplifies the signals and forwards them to the DDU, from where the signals will be transmitted by the antenna. II. Reverse In the reverse direction the signals are handled in the reverse order. 1) Through the main and diversity antennae, the DDU receives two CDMA signals transmitted from the MS. After being divided and amplified by the RLDU, the signals are sent to the BTRM. 2) The BTRM performs wave filtering, down-conversion and multiplexing on the main and diversity signals, and sends them to BRDM over the optical Gbit Ethernet. 3) The BRDM allocates channel resources, and sends the baseband signals over the electrical Gbit Ethernet interface to the BCPM. 4) The BCPM completes channel processing. The baseband signals carrying the Abis traffic (received over the FCH, SCH and DCCH) from the BRDM are demultiplexed, demodulated, de-interleaved and decoded by the BCPM. Then under the control of BCKM, the obtained signals are sent to the BCIM over the Cell Bus in form of ATM cells. 5) The ATM cells are processed by the BCIM through the IMA, and then sent to the BSC over the E1/T1 link. 7-3 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station 7.3 Abis Signaling Message Flow System Principle Chapter 7 BTS Signal Flows The Abis signaling messages are carried by the Access Channel (ACH) and the Paging Channel (PCH). These messages are refer to as outband signals (compared to the inband signals in the Abis traffic). The Abis signaling message flow is represented by the green continuous line in Figure 7-1. The following introduces the flow in the forward and the reverse directions respectively. I. Forward 1) The ATM cells from the BSC are carried by the E1/T1 link to the BCIM. The BCIM processes the ATM cells through IMA, and then under the control of the MC of the BCKM sends the signal to BCPM through the Cell Bus. 2) The BCPM completes channel processing. The baseband signals carrying the Abis signaling messages (received over the PCH) from the BCIM are coded, interleaved, spread, modulated and multiplexed by the BCPM before being sent to the BRDM over the electrical Gbit Ethernet interface. 3) The BRDM allocates channel resources, and sends the baseband signals over the optical Gbit Ethernet interface to the BTRM. 4) The BTRM performs demultiplexing, up-conversion and wave filtering on the received baseband signals, and sends them to the BHPA. 5) The BHPA amplifies the signals and forwards them to the DDU, from where the signals are transmitted by the antenna. II. Reverse In the reverse direction the signals are handled in the reverse order. 1) Through the main and diversity antennae, the DDU receives two CDMA signals transmitted from the MS. After being divided and amplified by the RLDU, the signals are sent to the BTRM. 2) The BTRM performs wave filtering, down-conversion and multiplexing on the main and diversity signals, and sends them to BRDM over the optical Gbit Ethernet. 3) The BRDM allocates channel resources, and sends the baseband signals over the electrical Gbit Ethernet interface to the BCPM. 4) The BCPM completes channel processing. The baseband signals carrying the Abis traffic (received over the ACH) from the BRDM are demultiplexed, demodulated, de-interleaved and decoded by the BCPM. Then under the control of BCKM, the obtained signals are sent to the BCIM over the Cell Bus in form of ATM cell. 5) The ATM cells are processed by the BCIM through IMA, and then sent to the BSC over the E1/T1 link. 7-4 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station 7.4 O&M Signal Flow System Principle Chapter 7 BTS Signal Flows The operations and maintenance over the BTS, originated either from the remote BAM or from the local maintenance terminal, are implemented by the OMU on the BCKM. The blue continuous lines in Figure 7-1 represent the O&M signal flows between the OMU and various boards in the BTS, while the blue dotted lines represent the flows between the OMU and the MC and CLK units on the BCKM. 7.5 Clock Signal Flow The BCKM receives satellite signals through the GPS/GLONASS synchronization antenna. The CLK unit processes the received signal and outputs 2S signal, 25MHz signal and 16%1.228MHz signal to the clock bus. The boards in the BTS obtain the required clock signals from the clock bus. The BCIM gets the 25MHz clock signal from the clock bus, which will be processed by the clock unit of the BCIM to produce other desired clock signals. The BRDM gets the 2S signal, 25MHz signal and 16%1.228MHz signal from the clock bus, which will be processed by the clock unit of the BRDM to produce other desired clock signals. The BCPM gets the 2S signal, 25MHz signal and 16%1.228MHz signal from the clock bus, which will be processed by the clock unit of the BCPM to produce other desired clock signals. The BTRM gets 100%1.228MHz signal from the Gbit Ethernet bus (optical interface), which will be processed by the clock unit of the BTRM to produce other desired clock signals such as 48%1.228MHz, 50%1.228MHz and 2S signals.
7-5 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Chapter 8 BTS Configuration Chapter 8 BTS Configuration This chapter details the configuration of each part of BTS based on the brief introduction to main cabinet, auxiliary cabinet, and cabinet door in Chapter 1. 8.1 Configuration Principle BTS3612A applies outdoors It is highly integrated and is equipped with the excellent protection function. To configure BTS3612A, observe the following rules that are listed in the order of precedence.
Use the trunk cables as few as possible. Use the antennae as few as possible. Use the cabinets as few as possible.
The conformance to the above rules can facilitate the installation and expansion of BTS. 8.2 Configuration of Main Equipment 8.2.1 Configuration of Baseband Boards The baseband boards include BCIM, BCPM, BRDM and BCKM. The baseband subrack in full configuration is shown in Figure 8-1. The slots are numbered uniformly. However, the boards are numbered according to the board type. Slot No. 0 B C I M 0 1 B C I M 1 2 B C P M 4 3 B C P M 5 4 B C P M 8 5 B C K M 0 6 B C K M 1 7 B R D M 0 8 B R D M 1 9 B C P M 9 10 11 B B C C P P M M 10 11 Board No. Figure 8-1 Baseband subrack in full configuration 8-1 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station I. BCIM System Principle Chapter 8 BTS Configuration BCIM has two versions: QC51BCIM and QC52BCIM. QC51BCIMsupports eight E1 links. Compared with QC51BCIM, QC52BCIM has more functions as follows: timeslot cross-connection, fractional ATM transmission, and T1 transmission functions. For the configuration of BCIM links, refer to the following typical data:
For S(1/1/1) BTS, configure one E1/T1 link. For S(2/2/2) BTS, configure two E1/T1 links.
The above data is based on CDMA2000 1X system. For IS95 system, the above quantity can be reduced by half. When the transmission resource is limited, the fractional ATM network function of QC52BCIM can be deployed to configure specific timeslot in a specific E1/T1 link to the BTS. II. BCPM At most 6 BCPMs can be configured in the baseband subrack. There are two types of BCPMs.
The processing capability of type-A BCPM is 64 reverse channels and 128 forward channels. The processing capability of type-B BCPM is 128 reverse channels and 256 forward channels BCPMs are configured based on the channel processing capability required by the system, with consideration of BTRM quantity and board types. Typical configurations are listed in Table 8-1. The board Nos. of BCPMs are not successive. The left three are numbered as No.4, No.5, and No.8, while the right three are numbered as No.9, No.10, and No.11. Table 8-1 Configuration of BCPMs BTS configuration Number of type-A BCPM Number of type-B BCPM O(1) O(2) S(1/1/1) S(2/2/2) 1 2 2 4 Not recommended Not recommended 1 2 The above configurations are for CDMA2000 1X system. For 3-sector configuration, type-B BCPMs are recommended. For IS95 configuration, the quantity should be reduced by half. 8-2 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Chapter 8 BTS Configuration Normally, redundancy is not required. If one board fails, the system will automatically shield the faulty board. In this case, the system capacity decreases, but the service is normal. III. BRDM There are two types of BRDM, namely multi-mode BRDM and single-mode BRDM. The multi-mode BRDM is used to connect the BTRM in the cabinet, while the single-mode BRDM is used to cascade the ODU3601C. Providing 6 pairs of ports for leading out optical fibers, the multi-mode BRDM can be connected with 6 BTRMs. Providing 3 pairs of ports for leading out optical fibers, the single-mode BRDM can be connected with three ODU3601Cs in star networking. Table 8-2 Configuration of BRDM Cabinet configuration Connected with ODU3601C Yes No Yes No Single-cabinet configuration Combined-cabinet configuration IV. BCKM Configuration of BRDM One multi-mode BRDM and one single-mode BRDM One multi-mode BRDM One multi-mode BRDM and one single-mode BRDM. The number of carrier configured for a combined cabinet does not exceed 6. Two multi-mode BRDMs Normally, one BCKM is enough. For reliability purpose, two BCKMs can be used
(active/standby mode). The BCKM receives GPS/GLONASS signal as clock source. When two BCKMs are configured, two sets of independent satellite synchronization antenna & feeder systems are required. 8.2.2 Configuration of RF Modules The radio modules include BTRM, BHPA, RLDU and CDU/DDU/DFU. The carrier subrack and the duplexer subrack in full configuration is shown in Figure 8-2. 8-3 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Chapter 8 BTS Configuration B H P A 1 B T R M 1 B H P A 3 B T R M 3 B H P A 5 B T R M 5 R L D U 1 DFU/DDU/CDU2 DFU/DDU/CDU1 DFU/DDU/CDU0 s u o n o r h c n y S r e d e e r e f a n n e t s e r r a t n a B H P A 0 B T R M 0 B H P A 2 B T R M 2 B H P A 4 B T R M 4 R L D U 0 Figure 8-2 RF modules in full configuration I. BTRM/BHPA configuration BTRM and BHPA are configured in pairs. That is, one carrier unit consists of one BTRM and one BHPA. In Figure 8-2, totally three carrier units can be configured for the upper and lower carrier subracks to provide maximum 6 sector carriers with maximum 3 sectors. The modules are numbered as shown in Figure 8-2. II. RLDU configuration RLDU is configured in the carrier subrack. In the case of full configuration, two RLDUs are present. When two sectors are configured per cabinet, that is, in the case of S(1/1) or S(2/2) configuration, one RLDU will suffice. When three sectors are configured per cabinet, that is, in the case of S(1/1/1) or S(2/2/2) configuration, two RLDUs should be configured. III. CDU/DDU/DFU configuration Either CDU, DDU or DFU all can be configured as a duplexer, For the difference between the three, see Chapter 3. In practice, one to three CDUs, DFUs, or DDUs, should be configured in a duplexer subrack. 8-4 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Chapter 8 BTS Configuration One DFU supports one sector carrier. That is, only the configuration of S(1/1) or S(1/1/1) is allowed. One DDU supports two sector carriers. That is, the configuration of S(2/2) or S(2/2/2) is allowed and there is no requirement about the carrier space. One CDU supports two sector carriers. That is, the configuration of S(2/2) or S(2/2/2) is allowed, but the space between the two sector carriers must be equal or larger than 2 carrier spaces (for 450MHz band and 800MHz band) or 3 carrier spaces (for 1900MHz band). For CDU and DDU, the corresponding BTRMs and BHPAs are configured from bottom to top and from left to right (as shown in Figure 8-2). For DFU, the corresponding BTRMs and BHPAs are configured from left to right in the RF subrack under the DFU, and only in the bottom. Based on the specific frequency of CDU, actual implementation conditions should also be considered when configuring the BTRMs and BHPAs. 8.2.3 Configuration of Power Modules The BTS3612A supports the 110V AC and 220V AC power inputs. The PSUAC/DC completes the conversion from 110V AC or 220V AC to -48V DC, while the PSUDC/DC completes the conversion from -48V DC to +24V DC. I. PSUAC/DC Two models of PSUAC/DC are available to respectively support 110V AC and 220V AC power inputs. In the case of full configuration, there are 9 PSUAC/DC modules, one of which is used as standby module. The maximum output current can reach 200A (8%25). II. PSUDC/DC In the case of full configuration, there are 3 PSUDC/DC modules, one of which is used as standby module. The maximum output current can reach 130A (2%65). 8.3 Configuration of Auxiliary Equipment 8.3.1 Batteries To ensure the normal operation of the BTS3612A in the case of local mains failure, storage batteries can be configured either in the battery subrack or in an auxiliary cabinet. 8-5 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station I. Configuration of battery subrack System Principle Chapter 8 BTS Configuration The battery subrack can be installed with the batteries or DC lightning protector / DC filter. If batteries are installed, the subrack can hold a -48V/65Ah battery group containing four 12V/65Ah storage batteries connected in serial. If the battery cabinet is installed, only the DC lightning protector and the DC filter are configured in the built-in battery subrack. II. Configuration of battery cabinet The battery cabinet can hold a 48V/650Ah battery group containing twenty-four 2V/65Ah storage batteries connected in serial. If an air conditioner is used to control the temperature, a -48V/650Ah battery group can maintain the normal operation of the BTS in S(2/2/2) configuration (with nine PSUAC/DC modules and three PSUDC/DC modules) for four hours. 8.3.2 Temperature Control Device Either an air conditioner or a heat exchanger can be used for the temperature control, and the configuration principle is as below. When an air conditioner is adopted, the operational environment temperature can be
-40 ~ +55oC, and when a heat exchanger is adopted, the operational environment temperature can be -40 ~ +45 oC I. Air conditioner Two models are available, respectively supporting the local mains of 110V AC and 220V AC. II. Heat exchanger Two models are available, respectively supporting the local mains of 110V AC and 220V AC. 8.3.3 Monitoring Devices Monitoring devices include the sensors, TMU and PMU. One PMU is configured in the BTS3612A, while the TMU is optional. Sensors include the temperature sensor, door status sensor, water sensor and smoke sensor. 8-6 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station 8.3.4 Transmission Equipment System Principle Chapter 8 BTS Configuration The transmission equipment is optional. The BTS3612A is connected to the transmission equipment through standard E1/T1 interface. Within the BTS3612A, standard space is reserved for installing microwave, HDSL or SDH transmission equipment. 8.4 Configuration of Antenna and Feeder I. RF antennaand feeder Two omni antennae should be used for omni cell. For 3-sectors and 6-sectors configuration, each sector needs one bi-polarization antenna or two uni-polarization antennae. When the BTS works in the 1900MHz band, tower-top amplifier may be applied. Because the power of tower-top amplifier is provided through the feeder, lightening arrester shall be configured for the RF antenna and feeder. When the BTS works in 450MHz band or 800MHz band, the tower-top amplifier and lightening arrester need not to be configured. II. GPS/GLONASS synchronization antenna and feeder Normally, one set of GPS/GLONASS synchronization antenna and feeder is configured for one BTS3612A. However, when two BCKMs are configured for BTS3612A for the purpose of higher system reliability, each of the two BCKMs requires one set of GPS/GLONASS synchronization antenna and feeder. If one set of the two fails, the BCKMs will be switched over and the synchronization signals will be received through the other synchronization antenna and feeder. 8.5 Networking Configuration The BTS3612A supports star networking, chain networking and tree networking, In practice, these networking modes are usually used together. The proper utilization of different networking modes can save a lot of transmission equipment with the guaranty of Quality of Service (QoS). 8-7 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station 8.5.1 Star Networking I. Application scope System Principle Chapter 8 BTS Configuration Star networking is widely used, especially in the densely populated urban area. Start networking is shown in the following figure. BSC E1 E1 BTS E1 BTS BTS Figure 8-3 BTS star networking II. Advantage In the star networking mode, each BTS is directly connected with BSC via E1/T1 trunk line. The star networking is simple and allows convenient maintenance and engineering. Because the signals go through a few sections of links, the line is more reliable and future expansion is easier. III. Disavantage Compared with other networking modes, star networking requires the largest number of transmission lines. IV. Implementation The internal network of Huawei CDMA BSS is built on ATM platform. The logic links of Abis interface, such as traffic link and signaling link, are carried by ATM links, which is carried by E1/T1 links in IMA mode or UNI mode. 8-8 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station 8.5.2 Chain Networking I. Application scope System Principle Chapter 8 BTS Configuration Chain networking of the BTS is shown in Figure 8-4. It is applicable to sparsely populated stripe areas, e.g. along the highways and railways. BSC E1 BTS E1 BTS E1 BTS Figure 8-4 BTS chain networking II. Advantage The adoption of the chain networking mode can scale down the expenditure on transmission equipment, engineering construction, and lease of transmission links. III. Disavantage The signals go through more nodes in the chain networking mode, the line reliability is poor. The failure of upper-level BTS may affect the normal operation of lower-level BTS. Maximum three-level cascading is allowed. That is, the nodes cascaded should not exceed 3. IV. Implementation Chain networking is realized through the transmission trunk function of the BTS. The transmission trunk is essentially Virtual Path (VP) switching. One BTS can be configured with maximum 10 trunk links.
Note:
ATM switching is divided into two types: VP switching and Virtual Channel (VC) switching. In the VP switching process, only the value of VPI is changed, while the value of VCI is transmitted transparently. In the VC switching process, values of both VPI and VCI remain unchanged. The VP is equivalent to a large channel, while the VC a small one. 8-9 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Chapter 8 BTS Configuration To configure a BTS trunk link, the forward/reverse BCIM No., forward/reverse link set No., and forward/reverse VP No. should be properly configured. 8.5.3 Tree Networking I. Application scope Tree networking mode applies to the area where network structure, site and subscriber distribution are complicated, such as the area where different types of subscribers are not evenly distributed. Tree networking is shown in Figure 8-5. BTS BTS BSC E1 E1 BTS E1 E1 E1 BTS BTS Figure 8-5 BTS tree networking II. Advantage In the tree networking mode, less transmission lines are needed than in the star networking mode. III. Disavantage In this mode, because signals go through many sections of links, the line reliability is low, and engineering and maintenance are difficult. The failure of upper-level BTS may affect the normal operation of lower-level BTS. Expansion is not easy and may cause substantial network reconstruction. The cascaded BTSs should not exceed 3 levels, i.e. the depth of the tree should not exceed 3 layers. IV. Implementation The tree networking is in fact one application of the chain networking. For example, the first-level BTS can be configured with multiple trunk links. These trunk links can 8-10 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Chapter 8 BTS Configuration be allocated to each of the lower-level BTSs. (Note that these BTSs do not share the same trunk lines.) The lower-level BTS can in turn allocate the trunk links to its own lower-level BTSs. In this way, a tree network comes into being. 8.5.4 Fractional ATM Networking I. Application scope When the transmission resource is rather limited and the BTS capacity is not large, BTS3612A supports the fractional ATM networking. That is, BTS only uses specific timeslots in one or more E1/T1 links. Fractional ATM networking is similar with the tree networking, except that in the fractional ATM networking mode, only part of the timeslots of E1/T1 links are used. II. Advantage In this mode, transmission resource can be fully and flexibly utilized and thus related cost can be reduced. III. Disavantage The capacity of BTS cannot be too large due to the restriction of transmission resource. If the actual BTS capacity is more than what the transmission resource can support, the call connected ratio will be affected. The failure of upper-level BTS may affect the normal operation of lower-level BTS. Expansion is not easy and may cause substantial network reconstruction. IV. Implementation BTS3612A can use the timeslot cross-connection function of QC52BCIM board to implement the fractional ATM networking without the support of external equipment. In practice, the timeslot cross-connection should be added to the upper-level BTS, while the E1/T1 timeslots should be specified for the lower-level BTS by adding the E1/T1 fractional ATM transmission link to this BTS. 8.5.5 Cascading with ODU3601Cs I. Application scope The ODU3601C is an outdoor soft BTS. By connecting ODU3601 to a master BTS3612A in cascading mode, flexible coverage can be realized, including the indoor coverage, underground coverage, and coverage of highways and railways. 8-11 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station II. Advantage System Principle Chapter 8 BTS Configuration The satellite synchronization antenna & feeder is not required, which saves the investment. This networking mode is suitable in the areas like the metro where the satellite synchronization antenna & feeder cannot be easily installed. Compared with repeater, ODU3601C supports the centralized management of the upper-level BTS, which facilitates the network planning. III. Disavantage The failure of upper-level BTS may affect the normal operation of lower-level BTS. IV. Implementation The single-mode BRDM can be used for the cascading of ODU3601C. ODU3601C can be configured as either in a certain sector of the master BTS, or as an independent cell. 8.6 Typical Configurations 8.6.1 Overview The BTS3612A support 450MHz band, 800MHz band and 1900MHz band, the typical configurations for 450MHz band are listed as below (Without diversity transmission), and the configurations for 800MHz band and 1900MHz band is similar to the configurations for 450MHz band. I. Single cabinet configuration
Omni cell, 1~2 carriers (DFU or DDU adopted). 3 sectors, 1 carrier per sector (DFU adopted).
3 sectors, 1~2 carriers per sector (DDU adopted).
II. Combined configuration (with two cabinets)
3 sectors, 3~4 carriers per sector (CDU adopted). 6 sectors, 1~2 carriers per sector (DDU adopted).
Omni configuration is generally represented by O(X), where X indicates the number of carriers. For example, O(2) represents the omni configuration with two carriers. The three-sector directional configuration is represented by S(X/X/X), and the six-sector one is represented by S(X/X/X/X/X/X). The following will detail the typical configurations including O(2), S(2/2/2), and S(4/4/4). 8-12 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station 8.6.2 S(2/2/2) Configuration System Principle Chapter 8 BTS Configuration The following is the configuration of BTS3612A for S(2/2/2) (i.e., 2 carriers % 3 sectors):
Baseband boards: 1 BCIM, 1 BRDM, 1-2 BCKMs, and BCPM can be configured according to actual requirement. Power modules: 3 PSUDC/DC modules, 9 PSUAC/DC modules. RF antennas: 2 uni-polarization directional antennas or 1 bi-polarization directional antenna for each sector. RF modules: The configuration of the RF modules is shown in Figure 8-6, and the logic connection of RF modules of one-sector is shown in Figure 8-7. A sector B sector C sector B H P A 1 B T R M 1 B H P A 3 B T R M 3 B H P A 5 B T R M 5 R L D U 1 DDU0 DDU1 DDU2 B H P A 0 B T R M 0 B H P A 2 B T R M 2 B H P A 4 B T R M 4 R L D U 0 Figure 8-6 S(2/2/2) RF configuration A secto B sector C sector 8-13 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Chapter 8 BTS Configuration TRXM BIFM BRCM TX_RFm TX_RFd RX_RFm RX_RFd TRXM BRCM BIFM TX_RFm TX_RFd RX_RFm RX_RFd HPAU PA_IN PA_OUT HPAU PA_IN PA_OUT DDU Main_ ANT TX1_IN TX2_IN Div._ ANT Main_RX_OUT FWDCPL_OUT REVCPL_OUT Div._RX_OUT A sector TRXM BRCM BIFM TX_RFm TX_RFd RX_RFm RX_RFd TRXM BIFM BRCM TRXM BRCM BIFM TX_RFm TX_RFd RX_RFm RX_RFd TX_RFm TX_RFd RX_RFm RX_RFd TRXM BRCM BIFM TX_RFm TX_RFd RX_RFm RX_RFd HPAU PA_IN PA_OUT HPAU PA_IN PA_OUT HPAU PA_IN PA_OUT HPAU PA_IN PA_OUT RLDU A_Rm1 A_Rm2 A_Rm3/B_Rm1 A_Rm4/B_Rm2 A_Rd1 A_Rd2 A_Rd3/B_Rd1 A_Rd4/B_Rd2 A_Main_RX_IN A_FWDCPL_IN A_REVCPL_IN A_Div._RX_IN B_Main_RX_IN B_FWDCPL_IN B_REVCPL_IN B_Div._RX_IN DDU Main_ ANT TX1_IN TX2_IN Div._ ANT Main_RX_OUT FWDCPL_OUT REVCPL_OUT Div._RX_OUT B sector DDU Main_ ANT TX1_IN TX2_IN Div._ ANT Main_RX_OUT FWDCPL_OUT REVCPL_OUT Div._RX_OUT RLDU A_Rm1 A_Rm2 A_Rm3/B_Rm1 A_Rm4/B_Rm2 A_Rd1 A_Rd2 A_Rd3/B_Rd1 A_Rd4/B_Rd2 A_Main_RX_IN A_FWDCPL_IN A_REVCPL_IN A_Div._RX_IN B_Main_RX_IN B_FWDCPL_IN B_REVCPL_IN B_Div._RX_IN C sector Figure 8-7 Logic connection of one-sector RF modules for S(2/2/2) configuration 8.6.3 S(4/4/4) Configuration The S(4/4/4) (i.e., 4 carriers x 3 sectors) configuration requires two combined cabinets, and the RLDU should receive two signals and process each signal in 1-4 modes. The following shows the configuration of the boards or modules.
Baseband boards: 1 BCIM, 2 BRDM, 1-2 BCKMs, and BCPM can be configured according to actual requirement. 8-14 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Chapter 8 BTS Configuration
Power modules: 3 PSUDC/DC modules, 9 PSUAC/DC modules. RF antennas: 2 uni-polarization directional antennas or 1 bi-polarization directional antenna for each sector. RF modules: The configuration of the RF modules is shown in Figure 8-8, and the logic connection of RF modules of one-sector is shown in Figure 8-9 and Figure 8-10. Diversity receiving signal of f3 in Sector C Diversity receiving signal of f4 in Sector C Diversity receiving signal of f1 in Sector C Diversity receiving signal of f2 in Sector C Sector A Sector C Sector B Sector C B H P A 1 B T R M 1 B H P A 3 B T R M 3 B H P A 5 B T R M 5 R L D U 1 B H P A 1 B T R M 1 B H P A 3 B T R M 3 B H P A 5 B T R M 5 R L D U 1 Sector A Sector A Sector C CDU0 CDU1 CDU2 f1,f2 f3,f4 f1,f2 B H P A 0 B T R M 0 B H P A 2 B T R M 2 B H P A 4 B T R M 4 R L D U 0 Sector B Sector B Sector C CDU0 CDU1 CDU2 f1,f2 f3,f4 f3,f4 B H P A 0 B T R M 0 B H P A 2 B T R M 2 B H P A 4 B T R M 4 R L D U 0 Figure 8-8 S(4/4/4) RF configuration 8-15 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Chapter 8 BTS Configuration TRXM BRCM BIFM TX_RFm TX_RFd RX_RFm RX_RFd TRXM BRCM BIFM TX_RFm TX_RFd RX_RFm RX_RFd HPAU PA_IN PA_OUT HPAU PA_IN PA_OUT CDU Main_ ANT TX1_IN TX2_IN Div._ ANT Main_RX_OUT FWDCPL_OUT REVCPL_OUT Div._RX_OUT RLDU A_Rm1 A_Rm2 A_Rm3/B_Rm1 A_Rm4/B_Rm2 A_Rd1 A_Rd2 A_Rd3/B_Rd1 A_Rd4/B_Rd2 A_Main_RX_IN A_FWDCPL_IN A_REVCPL_IN A_Div._RX_IN B_Main_RX_IN B_FWDCPL_IN B_REVCPL_IN B_Div._RX_IN TRXM BRCM BIFM TX_RFm TX_RFd RX_RFm RX_RFd TRXM BRCM BIFM TX_RFm TX_RFd RX_RFm RX_RFd HPAU PA_IN PA_OUT HPAU PA_IN PA_OUT CDU Main_ ANT TX1_IN TX2_IN Div._ ANT Main_RX_OUT FWDCPL_OUT REVCPL_OUT Div._RX_OUT RLDU A_Rm1 A_Rm2 A_Rm3/B_Rm1 A_Rm4/B_Rm2 A_Rd1 A_Rd2 A_Rd3/B_Rd1 A_Rd4/B_Rd2 A_Main_RX_IN A_FWDCPL_IN A_REVCPL_IN A_Div._RX_IN B_Main_RX_IN B_FWDCPL_IN B_REVCPL_IN B_Div._RX_IN Figure 8-9 Logic connection of one-sector RF modules for S(4/4/4) configuration (The RF modules belong to different cabinets) 8-16 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station BTRM BIFM BRCM BTRM BIFM BRCM BTRM BIFM BRCM BTRM BIFM BRCM TX_RFm TX_RFd RX_RFm RX_RFd TX_RFm TX_RFd RX_RFm RX_RFd TX_RFm TX_RFd RX_RFm RX_RFd TX_RFm TX_RFd RX_RFm RX_RFd BHPA PA_IN PA_OUT BHPA PA_IN PA_OUT BHPA PA_IN PA_OUT BHPA PA_IN PA_OUT System Principle Chapter 8 BTS Configuration CDU Main_ ANT TX1_IN TX2_IN CDU Main_ ANT TX1_IN TX2_IN Div._ ANT Main_RX_OUT FWDCPL_OUT REVCPL_OUT Div._RX_OUT Div._ ANT Main_RX_OUT FWDCPL_OUT REVCPL_OUT Div._RX_OUT RLDU A_Rm1 A_Rm2 A_Rm3/B_Rm1 A_Rm4/B_Rm2 A_Rd1 A_Rd2 A_Rd3/B_Rd1 A_Rd4/B_Rd2 A_Main_RX_IN A_FWDCPL_IN A_REVCPL_IN A_Div._RX_IN B_Main_RX_IN B_FWDCPL_IN B_REVCPL_IN B_Div._RX_IN Figure 8-10 Logic connection of one-sector RF modules for S(4/4/4) configuration (The RF modules belong to the same cabinet) 8-17 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Appendix A Performance of Receiver and Transmitter Appendix A Performance of Receiver and Transmitter The technical specifications of BTS receivers and transmitters comply with or surpass all the performance requirements defined in the IS-97-D Recommended Minimum Performance Standards for cdma2000 Spread Spectrum Base Stations. A.1 Performance of Receiver A.1.1 Frequency Coverage
450MHz band: 450 - 460MHz 800MHz band: 824 - 849MHz 1900MHz band: 1850 - 1910MHz A.1.2 Access Probe Acquisition The access probe failure ratio under the reliability of 90% is below the maximum values listed in Table A-1:
Table A-1 Access probe failure ratio Eb/N0 Per RF input point (dB) Maximum failure rate 5.5 6.5 50%
10%
A.1.3 R-TCH Demodulation Performance I. Performance of R-TCH in Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) The demodulation performance of the Reverse Traffic Channel in AWGN (no fading or multipath) environment is determined by the frame error rate (FER) at specified Eb/N0 value. FER of 4 possible data rates should be calculated respectively. With 95% confidence, the FER for each data rate does not exceed the two given FERs in Table A-2 to Table A-9, which adopt the linear interpolation in the form of Log10(FER). A-1 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Appendix A Performance of Receiver and Transmitter Eb/N0 measurement value is decided by whichever is bigger of the Eb/N0 values in two RF input ports. Table A-2 Maximum FER of F-FCH or R-DCCH receiver in demodulation performance test under RC1 Data rate (bit/s) FER limits (%) Lower limit Eb/N0 Upper limit Eb/N0 9600 4800 2400 1200 3.0 @ 4.1dB 8.0 @ 4.1dB 23.0 @ 4.1dB 22.0 @ 4.1dB 0.2 @ 4.7dB 1.0 @ 4.7dB 5.0 @ 4.7dB 6.0 @ 4.7dB Table A-3 Maximum FER of F-FCH or R-DCCH receiver in demodulation performance test under RC2 Data rate (bit/s) FER limits (%) Lower limit Eb/N0 Upper limit Eb/N0 14400 7200 3600 1800 5.0 @ 3.2dB 6.3 @ 3.2dB 5.8 @ 3.2dB 3.5 @ 3.2dB 0.2 @ 3.8dB 0.7 @ 3.2dB 1.0 @ 3.2dB 1.0 @ 3.2dB Table A-4 Maximum FER of F-FCH or R-DCCH receiver in demodulation performance test under RC3 Data rate (bit/s) FER limit (%) Lower limit Eb/N0 Upper limit Eb/N0 9600 4800 2700 1500 2.3% @ 2.4 dB 2.3% @ 3.8 dB 2.5% @ 5.0 dB 1.7% @ 7.0 dB 0.3% @ 3.0 dB 0.4% @ 4.4 dB 0.5% @ 5.6 dB 0.4% @ 7.6 dB Table A-5 Maximum FER of R-SCH receiver in demodulation performance test under RC3 Data rate (bit/s) 19200 38400 FER limit (%) Lower limit Eb/N0 Upper limit Eb/N0 9% @ 1.7 dB 13% @ 1.4 dB A-2 1.7% @ 2.3 dB 2.1% @ 2.0 dB Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Appendix A Performance of Receiver and Transmitter Data rate (bit/s) 76800 153600 307200 FER limit (%) Lower limit Eb/N0 Upper limit Eb/N0 14% @ 1.3 dB 14% @ 1.3 dB 14% @ 1.8 dB 2.4% @ 1.9 dB 2.4% @ 1.9 dB 2.0% @ 2.4 dB Table A-6 Maximum FER of R-SCH (Turbo Code) receiver in demodulation performance test under RC3 Data rate (bit/s) FER limit (%) Lower limit Eb/N0 Upper limit Eb/N0 19200 38400 76800 153600 307200 20% @ 0.6 dB 24% @ -0.1 dB 30% @ -0.5 dB 60% @ -0.9 dB 90% @ -0.3 dB 0.9% @ 1.2 dB 0.3% @ 0.5 dB 0.2% @ 0.1 dB 0.1% @ -0.3 dB 0.1% @ 0.3 dB Table A-7 Maximum FER of F-FCH or R-DCCH receiver in demodulation performance test under RC4 Data rate (bit/s) FER limit (%) Lower limit Eb/N0 Upper limit Eb/N0 14400 7200 3600 1800 2.4% @ 0.8 dB 2.4% @ 3.1 dB 1.7% @ 4.6 dB 1.6% @ 6.6 dB 0.3% @ 1.4 dB 0.4% @ 3.7 dB 0.3% @ 5.2 dB 0.5% @ 7.2 dB Table A-8 Maximum FER of R-SCH receiver of demodulation performance test under RC4 Data rate (bit/s) FER limit (%) Lower limit Eb/N0 Upper limit Eb/N0 28800 57600 115200 230400 1.9% @ 2.3 dB 1.7% @ 2.2 dB 2.0% @ 2.2 dB 1.7% @ 2.3 dB 10% @ 1.7 dB 12% @ 1.6 dB 14% @ 1.6 dB 12% @ 1.7 dB A-3 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Appendix A Performance of Receiver and Transmitter Table A-9 Maximum FER of R-SCH (Turbo Code) receiver of demodulation performance test under RC4 Data rate (bit/s) FER limit (%) Lower limit Eb/N0 Upper limit Eb/N0 28800 57600 115200 230400 27% @ 0.7 dB 28% @ 0.2 dB 60% @ -0.2 dB 33% @ -0.5 dB 0.5% @ 1.3 dB 0.2% @ 0.8 dB 0.1% @ 0.4 dB 0.1% @ 0.1 dB II. R-TCH performance in multipath fading without Closed-Loop power control The performance of the demodulation of the Reverse Traffic Channel in a multipath fading environment is determined by the frame error rate (FER) at specified Eb/N0 value. FER of 4 possible data rates should be calculated respectively. With 95% confidence, the FER for each data rate shall not exceed that given by linear interpolation on a log10
(FER) scale between the two values given in Table A-13 and Table A-14. The test value of Eb/N0 assumes the average value of Eb/N0 in two RF input ports. During the test, the reverse service channel Eb/N0 of each RF input port adopted is within the limits specified in Table A-12. The configurations of standard channel simulator are given in Table A-10; and the channel models of the R-TCH receiving performance test in multipath environment are listed in Table A-11. Table A-10 Standard channel simulator configuration Standard channel Simulator configuration Speed Number of Paths Path 2 power
(corresponds to path 1) Path 3 power
(corresponds to path 1) Deferring path 1 input Deferring path 2 input Deferring path 3 input B C D 8km/h 25km/h 100km/h 2 1 3 0dB N/A 0dB N/A N/A
-3dB 0s 0s 0s 2.0 s N/A N/A N/A 2.0 s 14.5 s A-4 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Appendix A Performance of Receiver and Transmitter Table A-11 Channel models for the R-TCH receiving performance test Case B C D D2 Channel Simulator configurations 2 (8 km/h, 2 paths) 3 (30 km/h, 1 path) 4 (100 km/h, 3 paths) 4 (100 km/h, 3 paths) Table A-12 Eb/N0 limits of R-TCH without closed-loop power control Rate aggregation Condition Eb/N0 Limits (dB) Lower limit Upper limit B C D D2 B D D2 11.1 11.2 8.8 9.2 10.7 8.5 8.9 11.7 11.8 9.4 9.8 11.3 9.1 9.5 RC1 RC2 Table A-13 Maximum FER of demodulation performance test of R-FCH or R-DCCH receiver under RC1 Case Data rate (bit/s) FER limits (%) Lower limit Eb/N0 Upper limit Eb/N0 B C D 9600 4800 2400 1200 9600 4800 2400 1200 9600 4800 A-5 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.2 1.4 2.5 2.0 1.6 2.6 0.8 0.9 1.2 0.9 0.7 0.9 1.7 1.4 0.6 1.2 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Appendix A Performance of Receiver and Transmitter Case Data rate (bit/s) FER limits (%) Lower limit Eb/N0 Upper limit Eb/N0 D D2 2400 1200 9600 4800 2400 1200 6.4 5.6 0.9 1.6 4.2 4.1 3.4 3.5 0.3 0.7 2.3 2.6 Table A-14 Maximum FER of demodulation performance test of R-FCH or R-DCCH receiver under RC2 Case Data rate (bit/s) FER limits (%) Lower limit Eb/N0 Upper limit Eb/N0 B D D2 14400 7200 3600 1800 14400 7200 3600 1800 14400 7200 3600 1800 1.3 1.0 0.7 0.6 1.7 1.6 1.5 2.2 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.5 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.9 1.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.9 III. Performance in multipath fading with Closed-Loop power control The performance of the demodulation of the Reverse Traffic Channel in a multipath fading environment is determined by the frame error rate (FER) at specified Eb/N0 value. FER of 4 possible data rates needs to be calculated respectively. With 95% confidence, the FER for each data rate shall not exceed that given by linear interpolation on a log10 scale between the two values given in Table A-16 and Table A-23. A-6 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Appendix A Performance of Receiver and Transmitter The test value of Eb/N0 assumes the average value of Eb/N0 tested on the two RF input ports. Table A-15 Channel models for the R-TCH receiving performance test Condition Number of Channel Simulator configurations A B C D 1 (3 km/h, 1 path) 2 (8 km/h, 2 paths) 3 (30 km/h, 1 path) 4 (100 km/h, 3 path) Table A-16 Maximum FER of demodulation performance test of R-FCH receiver under RC1 Condition Data rate (bit/s) FER limits (%) Lower limit Eb/N0 Upper limit Eb/N0 9600 4800 2400 1200 9600 4800 2400 1200 2.8% @ 5.9 dB 7.6 @ 5.9 dB 23.0 @ 5.9 dB 22.0 @ 5.9 dB 1.5 @ 7.1 dB 8.0 @ 7.1 dB 18.0 @ 7.1 dB 16.0 @ 7.1 dB 0.3 @ 6.5 dB 2.2 @ 6.5 dB 12.0 @ 6.5 dB 14.0 @ 6.5 dB 0.7 @ 7.7 dB 4.8 @ 7.7 dB 13.0 @ 7.7 dB 12.0 @ 7.7 dB B C Table A-17 Maximum FER of demodulation performance test of R-FCH receiver under RC2 Case Data rate (bit/s) FER limits (%) Lower limit Eb/N0 Upper limit Eb/N0 B C 2.8 @ 5.2 dB 4.7 @ 5.2 dB 8.7 @ 5.2 dB 15.0 @ 5.2 dB 1.3 @ 7.7 dB 3.2 @ 7.7 dB 4.7 @ 7.7 dB 5.2 @ 7.7 dB 0.4 @ 5.8 dB 1.3 @ 5.8 dB 4.6 @ 5.8 dB 9.8 @ 5.8 dB 0.7 @ 8.3 dB 1.8 @ 8.3 dB 3.5 @ 8.3 dB 3.9 @ 8.3 dB 14400 7200 3600 1800 14400 7200 3600 1800 A-7 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Appendix A Performance of Receiver and Transmitter Table A-18 Maximum FER of demodulation performance test of R-FCH or R-DCCH receiver under RC3 Case Data rate (bit/s) FER limits (%) Lower limit Eb/N0 Upper limit Eb/N0 A B C D 9600 (20 ms) 4800 2700 1500 2.4% @ 3.4 dB 2.0% @ 4.4 dB 1.8% @ 5.6 dB 1.8% @ 7.2 dB 9600 (20 ms) 2.0% @ 3.9 dB 4800 2700 1500 9600 (20 ms) 4800 2700 1500 9600 (20 ms) 4800 2700 1500 2.0% @ 4.9 dB 1.8% @ 6.1 dB 1.7% @ 7.8 dB 1.5% @ 5.2 dB 1.5% @ 6.1 dB 1.4% @ 7.2 dB 1.4% @ 8.8 dB 2.0% @ 4.7 dB 2.0% @ 5.7 dB 1.8% @ 6.9 dB 1.7% @ 8.5 dB 0.5% @ 4.0 dB 0.5% @ 5.0 dB 0.5% @ 6.2 dB 0.6% @ 7.8 dB 0.5% @ 4.5 dB 0.5% @ 5.5 dB 0.5% @ 6.7 dB 0.5% @ 8.4 dB 0.6% @ 5.8 dB 0.6% @ 6.7 dB 0.6% @ 7.8 dB 0.6% @ 9.4 dB 0.5% @ 5.3 dB 0.5% @ 6.3 dB 0.5% @ 7.5 dB 0.5% @ 9.1 dB Table A-19 Maximum FER of demodulation performance test of R-SCH (Turbo Code) receiver under RC3 Case Data rate (bit/s) FER limits (%) Lower limit Eb/N0 Upper limit Eb/N0 307200 153600 76800 38400 19200 10% @ 2.6 dB 10% @ 2.6 dB 10% @ 2.1 dB 9.0% @ 2.4 dB 9.0% @ 2.8 dB 2.0% @ 3.2 dB 2.0% @ 3.2 dB 2.4% @ 2.7 dB 2.4% @ 3.0 dB 2.5% @ 3.4 dB B A-8 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Appendix A Performance of Receiver and Transmitter Table A-20 Maximum FER of demodulation performance test of R-SCH (Turbo Code) receiver under RC3 Case Data rate (bit/s) FER limits (%) Lower limit Eb/N0 Upper limit Eb/N0 307200 153600 76800 38400 19200 15% @ 0.8 dB 12% @ 0.2 dB 10% @ 0.7 dB 10% @ 1.3 dB 10% @ 2.1 dB 1.8% @ 1.4 dB 2.0% @ 0.8 dB 2.0% @ 1.3 dB 2.0% @ 1.9 dB 2.5% @ 2.7 dB B Table A-21 Maximum FER of demodulation performance test of R-FCH or R-DCCH receiver under RC4 Case Data rate (bit/s) FER limits (%) Lower limit Eb/N0 Upper limit Eb/N0 A B C D 2.2% @ 3.2 dB 1.9% @ 3.9 dB 1.9% @ 5.1 dB 1.8% @ 7.0 dB 2.0% @ 3.8 dB 2.0% @ 4.3 dB 1.8% @ 5.6 dB 1.8% @ 7.5 dB 1.6% @ 5.1 dB 1.7% @ 5.6 dB 1.5% @ 6.7 dB 1.6% @ 8.4 dB 2.0% @ 4.6 dB 2.0% @ 5.1 dB 1.9% @ 6.3 dB 1.8% @ 8.1 dB 0.4% @ 3.8 dB 0.4% @ 4.5 dB 0.5% @ 5.7 dB 0.5% @ 7.6 dB 0.4% @ 4.4 dB 0.5% @ 4.9 dB 0.5% @ 6.2 dB 0.5% @ 8.1 dB 0.6% @ 5.7 dB 0.7% @ 6.2 dB 0.6% @ 7.3 dB 0.7% @ 9 dB 0.5% @ 5.2 dB 0.5% @ 5.7 dB 0.5% @ 6.9 dB 0.6% @ 8.7 dB 14400 7200 3600 1800 14400 7200 3600 1800 14400 7200 3600 1800 14400 7200 3600 1800 A-9 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Appendix A Performance of Receiver and Transmitter Table A-22 Maximum FER of demodulation performance test of R-SCH(Turbo Code) receiver under RC4 Case Data rate (bit/s) 230400 115200 57600 28800 B FER limits (%) Lower limit Eb/N0 Upper limit Eb/N0 10% @ 2.4 dB 9.0% @ 2.5 dB 9.0% @ 2.6 dB 7.5% @ 2.8 dB 1.4% @ 3.0 dB 2.3% @ 3.1 dB 2.2% @ 3.2 dB 2.5% @ 3.4 dB Table A-23 Maximum FER of demodulation performance test of R-SCH (Turbo Code) receiver under RC4 Case B Data rate
(bit/s) 230400 115200 57600 28800 FER limits (%) Lower limit Eb/N0 Upper limit Eb/N0 10% @ 1.1 dB 10% @ 1.0 dB 11% @ 1.5 dB 10% @ 2.1 dB 2.0% @ 1.7 dB 1.5% @ 1.7 dB 1.8% @ 2.1 dB 2.0% @ 2.7 dB A.1.4 Receiving Performance I. Sensitivity 450MHz band and 1900MHz band
The R-TCH FER shall be <1.0% with 95% confidence when -126dBm/1.23MHz CDMA RC3 signal level is inputted at BTS RF main and diversity input ports. 800MHz band
The R-TCH FER shall be <1.0% with 95% confidence when -127dBm/1.23MHz CDMA RC3 signal level is inputted at BTS RF main and diversity input ports. II. Receiver dynamic range 450MHz band and 1900MHz band
The R-TCH FER shall be 1.0% or less with 95% confidence when
-126dBm/1.23MHz~-65dBm/1.23MHz CDMA signal level is inputted at BTS RF main and diversity input ports.
800MHz band A-10 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Appendix A Performance of Receiver and Transmitter The R-TCH FER shall be 1.0% or less with 95% confidence when
-127dBm/1.23MHz~-65dBm/1.23MHz CDMA signal level is inputted at BTS RF main and diversity input ports. III. Single-tone desensitization 450MHz band
Input the single-tone interference deviated from the center frequency at the BTS RF input port: when the single-tone interference deviates from the center frequency
+900kHz and -900kHz, the input single-tone interference power is 87dB higher than the output power of the mobile station simulator. When R-TCH FER maintains <1.5%, the output power of mobile station simulator changes less than 3dB whether there is single-tone interference or not. 800MHz band
Input the single-tone interference deviated from the center frequency at the BTS RF input port: when the single-tone interference deviates from the center frequency about
+750kHz and -750kHz, the input single-tone interference power is 50dB higher than the output power of the mobile station simulator; when the single-tone interference deviates from the center frequency +900kHz and -900kHz, the input single-tone interference power is 87dB higher than the output power of the mobile station simulator. When R-TCH FER maintains <1.5%, the output power of mobile station simulator changes less than 3dB whether there is single-tone interference or not. 1900MHz band
Input the single-tone interference deviated from the center frequency at the BTS RF input port: when the single-tone interference deviates from the center frequency
+1.25MHz and -1.25MHz, the input single-tone interference power is 80dB higher than the output power of the mobile station simulator. When R-TCH FER maintains <1.5%, the output power of mobile station simulator changes less than 3dB whether there is single-tone interference or not. IV. Intermodulation spurious response attenuation 450MHz band and 800MHz band
Input two single-tone interference of center frequency at the BTS RF input port: both deviate from the center frequency +900kHz and +1700kHz respectively, and -900kHz and -1700kHz respectively, the input single-tone interference power is 72dB higher than the output power of the mobile station simulator. When R-TCH FER keeps <1.5%, the output power of the mobile station simulator changes less than 3dB whether there are two single-tone interference or no interference. A-11 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Appendix A Performance of Receiver and Transmitter 1900MHz band
Input two single-tone interference of center frequency at the BTS RF input port: both deviate from the center frequency +1.25MHz and +2.05MHz respectively, and
-1.25MHz and -2.05MHz respectively. When R-TCH FER keeps <1.5%, the output power of the mobile station simulator changes less than 3dB whether there are two single-tone interference or no interference. V. Adjacent channel selectivity The output power of the mobile station simulator shall increase by no more than 3 dB and the FER shall be less than 1.5% with 95% confidence. A.1.5 Limitations on Emissions I. Conducted spurious emissions At BTS RF input port, the conducted spurious emissions within the BTS receiving frequency range is <-80dBm/30kHz. At BTS RF input port, the conducted spurious emissions within the transmitting frequency range is <-60dBm/30kHz. At BTS RF input port, the conducted spurious emissions within other frequency range of 0~6GHz is <-47dBm/30kHz. II. Radiated spurious emissions The performance is in compliant with local radio specifications. A.1.6 Received Signal Quality Indicator (RSQI) RSQI is defined as the signal-to-noise ratio Eb/N0, where Eb is the energy per bit including the pilot and power control overhead and N0 is the total received noise-pulse-interference power in the CDMA bandwidth including the interference from other subscribers. The RSQI report values of the BTS are list in Table A-24. A-12 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station Table A-24 RSQI range System Principle Appendix A Performance of Receiver and Transmitter Eb/N0 (dB) per input port Minimum Acceptable Report Value Maximum Acceptable Report Value 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 A.2 Performance of Transmitter A.2.1 Frequency Requirements I. Frequency coverage
450MHz band: 460 - 470MHz 800MHz band: 869 - 894MHz 1900MHz band: 1930 - 1990MHz II. Frequency tolerance Within the working temperature range, the average difference between the actual carrier frequency of CDMA transmit sector and the carrier frequency of the dedicated transmit sector is less than !5%10-8(!0.05ppm)of the designated frequency. A.2.2 Modulation Requirements I. Synchronization and timing Time tolerance for pilot frequency: The pilot time alignment error should be less than 3 s and shall be less than 10 s. For BTSs supporting multiple simultaneous CDMA A-13 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Appendix A Performance of Receiver and Transmitter Channels, the pilot time tolerance of all CDMA Channels radiated by a BTS shall be within 1 s of each other. Time tolerance of pilot channel and other code-division channels: in the same CDMA channel, time error between the pilot channel and other forwarding code-division channels is <!50ns. The phase differences between the Pilot Channel and all other code channels sharing the same Forward CDMA Channel should not exceed 0.05 radians and shall not exceed 0.15 radians. II. Waveform quality The normalized cross correlation coefficient, , shall be greater than 0.912 (excess power < 0.4 dB).. A.2.3 RF Output Power I. Total power Total power is the mean power delivered to a load with resistance equal to the nominal load impedance of the transmitter.. The total power of this system is +43dBm (20W), the deviation in all kinds of environmental conditions shall not exceed +2dB and -4dB. II. Pilot power The Pilot Channel power to total power ratio shall be within 0.5 dB of the configured value. III. Code domain power For RC1and RC2, the code domain power in each inactive Wn or more below the total output power. 64 channel shall be 27 dB For RC3 and RC4, the code domain power in each inactive Wn dB or more below the total output power. 128 channel shall be 30 For RC1 and RC2, the code domain power in each inactive Wn dB or more below the total output power of each carrier. 256 channel shall be 33 A-14 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station A.2.4 Limitations on Emissions System Principle Appendix A Performance of Receiver and Transmitter I. Conducted spurious emissions The requirements on Conducted Spurious Emissions vary with frequency bands, as shown in Table A-25 and Table A-26. Local radio requirements should also be observed. Table A-25 Conducted Spurious Emissions Performance (450MHz band and 800MHz band) Offset from carrier central frequency Spurious requirement 750 kHz~1.98 MHz
-45 dBc / 30 kHz 1.98 MHz~4.00 MHz
-27 dBm / 30 kHz; 28 dBm Pout < 33 dBm
-60 dBc / 30 kHz; Pout 33 dBm
> 4.00 MHz
(ITU Class A Requirement)
> 4.00 MHz
(ITU Class B Requirement)
-55 dBc / 30 kHz; Pout < 28 dBm
-13 dBm / 1 kHz;
-13 dBm / 10 kHz;
-13 dBm/100 kHz;
-13 dBm / 1 MHz;
-36 dBm / 1 kHz;
-36 dBm / 10 kHz;
-36 dBm/100 kHz;
-30 dBm / 1 MHz;
9 kHz < f < 150 kHz 150 kHz < f < 30 MHz 30 MHz < f < 1 GHz 1 GHz < f < 5 GHz 9 kHz < f < 150 kHz 150 kHz < f < 30 MHz 30 MHz < f < 1 GHz 1 GHz < f < 12.5 GHz Table A-26 Conducted Spurious Emissions Performance (1900MHz band) Offset from carrier central frequency Spurious requirement 885 kHz~1.25 MHz
-45 dBc / 30 kHz 1.25 MHz~1.98 MHz
-27 dBm / 30 kHz; 28 dBm Pout < 33 dBm
-60 dBc / 30 kHz; Pout 33 dBm
-55 dBc / 30 kHz; Pout < 28 dBm
-55dBc/30kHz, Pout33dBm 1.98 MHz~2.25 MHz
-22dBm/30kHz, 28dBm Pout < 33dBm
-50dBc/30kHz, Pout < 28dBm 2.25 MHz~4.00 MHz
-13dBm/1MHz
> 4.00 MHz
(ITU Class A Requirement)
-13 dBm / 1 kHz;
-13 dBm / 10 kHz;
-13 dBm/100 kHz;
-13 dBm / 1 MHz;
9 kHz < f < 150 kHz 150 kHz < f < 30 MHz 30 MHz < f < 1 GHz 1 GHz < f < 5 GHz A-15 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station II. Radiated spurious emissions System Principle Appendix A Performance of Receiver and Transmitter The performance is in compliant with local radio specifications. A-16 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Appendix B EMC Performance Appendix B EMC Performance ETSI EN 300 386 Electromagnetic Compatibility and Radio Spectrum Matters (ERM);
Telecommunication network Equipment; ElectroMagnetic Compatibility
(EMC) Requirements are the international EMC standards. The EMC performance of BTS3612A complies with ETSI EN 300 386 V1.2.1 (2000-03). They are described in two aspects: ElectroMagnetic Interference (EMI) and ElectroMagnetic Sensitivity (EMS). B.1 EMI Performance I. Conductive Emission (CE) at DC input/output port CE indices are listed in Table B-1. Table B-1 CE indices at -48V port Frequency range Threshold (dB V) Average Quasi-peak 0.15 ~ 0.5MHz 0.5 ~ 5MHz 5 ~ 30MHz 56~46 46 50 66~56 56 60 II. Radiated Emission (RE) RE indices are listed in Table B-2. Table B-2 RE indices Band (MHz) Threshold of quasi-peak (dB V/m) 30 ~ 1000 1000 ~ 12700 61.5 67.5
Note:
Test field is arranged according to ITU-R 329-7 [1]. B-1 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station B.2 EMS Performance System Principle Appendix B EMC Performance I. RF EM field immunity (80~1000MHz) RF EM field immunity indices are listed in Table B-3. Table B-3 RF EM field immunity indices Port Level Performance class Whole cabinet 3V/m A
Note:
Test method complies with IEC1000-4-3 [9]. II. Voltage dips and short interruptions immunity Among all test items of EMS, the requirement for continuous interference immunity is class A and the requirement for transient interference immunity is class B. Requirements for voltage dips and short interruptions is shown in Table B-4. Table B-4 Voltage dips and short interruptions indices Port Test level Performance class Dip 30%
Duration: 10ms A Dip: 60%
Duration: 100ms Dip: over95%
Duration: 5000ms With backup power: A With no backup power: The communication link need not be maintained. It can be re-created and the subscriber data can be lost. With backup power: A With no backup power: The communication link need not be maintained. It can be re-created and the subscriber data can be lost. AC port
Note:
Test method complies with IEC61000-4-11 [13]. B-2 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station III. Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) immunity System Principle Appendix B EMC Performance ESD immunity indices are shown in Table B-5. Table B-5 ESD immunity indices Discharge mode Level Performance class Contact Air 2kV, 4kV 2kV, 4kV, 8kV B B
Note:
Test method complies with IEC 61000-4-2 [5]. In addition to the protection measures specified in the user's documents, ESD measures should be taken to all exposed surface of equipment to be tested. IV. RF induced currents In CDMA equipment, the port where a cable of more than 1 meter may be connected to, including control port, DC input/output port and the input/output port of the connection line when cabinets are combined, should satisfy the requirements for RF induced currents. The indices are shown in Table B-6. Table B-6 Induced currents indices Port Voltage level Performance class 3V A DC line port AC line port Signal line port and control line port
Note:
Test method complies with IEC61000-4-6 [9]. V. Surge immunity For CDMA equipment, the DC power input port, indoor signal line of more than 3 m, control line (such as E1 trunk line, serial port line) and the cable that may be led out to B-3 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Appendix B EMC Performance the outdoor should all satisfy the requirements for surge immunity. The indices are shown in Table B-7. Table B-7 Surge immunity indices Port Level Performance class B B B AC port Control line, signal line Control line, signal line (outdoors) Line~line, 2kV Line~ground, 4kV Line~line, 0.5kV Line~ground, 1kV Line~line, 1kV Line~ground, 2kV
Note:
The test method complies with IEC61000-4-5 [11]. VI. Common-mode fast transient pulse immunity The signal & data line between CDMA cabinets and that connected with other systems
(such as E1 trunk line), control line and cable connected to DC input/output port, should satisfy the requirements for fast transient pulse immunity. The indices are shown in Table B-8. Table B-8 Common-mode fast transient pulse immunity indices Port Level Performance class Signal control line port DC line input/output port AC line input port 0.5kV 1kV 2kV B B B B-4 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Appendix B EMC Performance
Note:
Performance class A: BTS can withstand the test without any damage and it can run normally in the specified range. There is not any change in the software or data (all data in the storage or the data being processed) related to the tested switching equipment. Equipment performance is not lowered. Performance class B: BTS can withstand the test without any damage. There is no change in the software or the data in storage. Communication performance is lowered a little, but in the tolerance (as defined for different products). The existing communication link is not interrupted. After the test, the equipment can recover to the normal status before the test automatically without any interference of the operator. Performance class C: Some functions of BTS are lost temporarily during the test, but they will recover to normal performance in a specific period after the test (normally the shortest time needed for system reboot). There is no physical damage or system software deterioration. Performance class R: After the test, there is no physical damage or fault (including software corruption) with BTS. Protection equipment damage caused by external interference signal is acceptable. When the protection equipment is replaced and the running parameters are re-configured, the equipment can operate normally. B-5 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Appendix C Environment Requirements Appendix C Environment Requirements The environment requirements of BTS3612A involve storage, transportation, and operation environments. These requirements are specified based on the following standards:
ETS 300019 Equipment Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions and environmental tests for telecommunications equipment IEC 60721 Classification of environmental conditions C.1 Storage Environment I. Climate environment Table C-1 Requirements for climate environment Item Altitude Air pressure Temperature Temperature change rate Relative humidity Solar radiation Thermal radiation Wind speed Rain II. Biotic environment Range 5000m 70kPa~106kPa
-40~+70 Celsius degree 1 Celsius degree/min 10%~100%
1120W/s 600W/s 30m/s Drippings
No microorganism like fungal or mould multiplied around or inside. Free from the attack of rodential animals (such as rats). III. Air cleanness
No explosive, electrically/magnetically conductive, or corrosive particles around. The density of physically active substances shall meet the requirements listed in Table C-2. C-1 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Appendix C Environment Requirements Table C-2 Requirements for the density of physically active substances Substance Suspending dust Falling dust Sands Unit mg/m mg/mh mg/m Note:
Suspending dust: diameter 75m Falling dust: 75mdiameter150m Sands: 150mdiameter1,000m Density 5.00 20.0 300
The density of chemically active substances shall meet the requirements listed in Table C-3. Table C-3 Requirements for the density of chemically active substances Substance SO2 H2S NO2 NH3 Cl2 HCl HF O3 Unit mg/m mg/m mg/m mg/m mg/m mg/m mg/m mg/m Density 0.30 0.10 0.50 1.00 0.10 0.10 0.01 0.05 IV. Mechanical stress Table C-4 Requirements for mechanical stress Item Sinusoidal vibration Unsteady impact Sub-item Displacement Acceleration Frequency range Impact response spectrum II Static load capability C-2 Range 7.0mm
2~9Hz
20.0m/s 9~200Hz 250m/s 5kPa Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station Item System Principle Appendix C Environment Requirements Sub-item Note:
Range Impact response spectrum: The max. acceleration response curve generated by the equipment under the specified impact excitation. Impact response spectrum II refers to the semi sinusoidal impact response spectrum whose duration is 6ms. Static load capability: The capability of the equipment in package to bear the pressure from the top in normal pile-up method. C.2 Transportation Environment I. Climate environment Table C-5 Requirements for climate environment Item Altitude Air pressure Temperature Temperature change rate Relative humidity Solar radiation Thermal radiation Wind speed II. Biotic environment Range 5,000m 70kPa~106kPa
-40~+70 Celsius degree 3 Celsius degree/min 5%~100%
1,120W/s 600W/s 30m/s
No microorganism like fungal or mould multiplied around or inside. Free from the attack of rodential animals (such as rats). III. Air cleanness
No explosive, electrically/magnetically conductive, or corrosive particles around. The density of physically active substances shall meet the requirements listed in Table C-6. Table C-6 Requirements for the density of physically active substances Substance Suspending dust Unit mg/m Density No requirement C-3 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Appendix C Environment Requirements Substance Falling dust Sands Unit mg/mh mg/m Note:
Density 3.0 100 Suspending dust: diameter 75m Falling dust: 75mdiameter150m Sands: 150mdiameter1,000m
The density of chemically active substances shall meet the requirements listed in Table C-7. Table C-7 Requirements for the density of chemically active substances Substance SO2 H2S NO2 NH3 Cl2 HCl HF O3 Unit mg/m mg/m mg/m mg/m mg/m mg/m mg/m mg/m Density 0.30 0.10 0.50 1.00 0.10 0.10 0.01 0.05 IV. Mechanical stress Table C-8 Requirements for mechanical stress Item Sinusoidal vibration Random vibration Unsteady impact Sub-item Displacement Acceleration 7.5mm Range
20.0m/s 40.0m/s Frequency range 2~9Hz 9~200Hz 200~500Hz Acceleration spectrum density 10m/s 3m/s 1m/s Frequency range 2~9Hz 9~200Hz 200~500Hz Impact response spectrum II Static load capability 300m/s 10kPa C-4 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Appendix C Environment Requirements Item Sub-item Range Note:
Impact response spectrum: The max. acceleration response curve generated by the equipment under the specified impact excitation. Impact response spectrum II refers to the semi sinusoidal impact response spectrum whose duration is 6ms. Static load capability: The capability of the equipment in package to bear the pressure from the top in normal pile-up method. C.3 Operation Environment I. Climate environment Table C-9 Temperature and humidity requirements Product Temperature Long-term Short-term Relative humidity BTS3612A
-40~+55 Celsius degree
-40~+45 Celsius degree 5%~100%
The measurement point of temperature and humidity is 2 m above the floor and 0.4 m in front of the equipment, when there are no protective panels in front of or behind the cabinet. Note:
Table C-10 Other climate environment requirements Item Altitude Air pressure Temperature change rate Solar radiation Rain Wind speed II. Biotic environment Range 4000m 70kPa~106kPa 5 Celsius degree/min 1120W/m 12.5L/min0.625 L/min (IPX5) 50m/s
No microorganism like fungal or mould multiplied around or inside. Free from the attack of rodential animals (such as rats). C-5 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station III. Air cleanness System Principle Appendix C Environment Requirements
No explosive, electrically/magnetically conductive, or corrosive particles around. The density of physically active substances shall meet the requirements listed in Table C-11. Table C-11 Requirements for the density of physically active substances Substance Suspending dust Falling dust Sands Unit mg/m mg/mh mg/m Note:
Density 5 20 300 Suspending dust: diameter 75m Falling dust: 75mdiameter150m Sands: 150mdiameter1,000m
The density of chemically active substances shall meet the requirements listed in Table C-12. Table C-12 Requirements for the density of chemically active substances Density 0.30 0.10 1.00 0.10 0.10 0.01 0.05 0.5 Substance SO2 H2S NH3 Cl2 HCl HF O3 NO2 Unit mg/m mg/m mg/m mg/m mg/m mg/m mg/m mg/m C-6 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station IV. Mechanical stress Table C-13 Requirements for mechanical stress System Principle Appendix C Environment Requirements Item Sinusoidal vibration Unsteady impact Sub-item Displacement Acceleration Frequency range Impact response spectrum II Static load capability Note:
Range 3.5mm
2~9Hz
10.0m/s 9~200Hz 100m/s 0 Impact response spectrum: The max. acceleration response curve generated by the equipment under the specified impact excitation. Impact response spectrum II refers to the semi sinusoidal impact response spectrum whose duration is 6ms. Static load capability: The capability of the equipment in package to bear the pressure from the top in normal pile-up method. C-7 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Appendix D Electromagnetic Radiation Appendix D Electromagnetic Radiation D.1 Introduction The BTS has RF radiation (Radiation Hazard). Although there is no scientific evidence of possible health risks to persons living near the BTSs, some recommendations are giving below for the installation and operation of BTS. Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). FCC CFR part 1, subpart I, section 1.1307 requires operator to perform a Enviromenta Assemessmet (EA). limits are specified by Equipment listed in the table 1 of before mentioned part are subjected to routine environmental evaulation. For facilities and operations licensed under part 22, licensees and manufactuere are required tto ensure that their facility and equipment comply with IEEE C95.1-1991. The objective of the Environmental Evaluation is to ensure that human exposure to RF energy does not go beyond the maximum permissible levels stated in the standard. Therefore certain sites do not require an evaluation by nature of its design. It could be that the antennas are placed high enough thereby resulting in extremely low RF fields by the time it reaches areas that would be accessible to people. Environmental evaluations are required, for Paging and Cellular Radiotelephone Services, Part 22 Subpart E and H.
Non-rooftop antennas: height of radiation center < 10m above ground level and total power of all channels > 1000 W ERP (1640 W EIRP) Rooftop antennae: total power of all channels > 1000 W ERP (1640 W EIRP) D.2 Maximum Permissible Exposure Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) refers to the RF energy that is acceptable for human exposure. It is broken down into two categories, Controlled and Uncontrolled. Controlled limits are used for persons such as installers and designers that are in control of the hazard and exposed to energy for limited amounts of time per day. Occupational/controlled limits apply in situations in which are persons are exposed as a consequence of their employment provided those persons are fully aware of the potential for exposure and can exercise control over their exposure. Limits for occupational/controlled exposure also apply in situations when an individual is D-1 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Appendix D Electromagnetic Radiation transient through a location where occupational/controlled limits apply provided he or she is made aware of the potential for exposure. Uncontrolled limits are used for general public. Uncontrolled exposure apply in situations is which the general public may be exposed, or in which persons that are exposed as a consequence of their employment may not be fully aware of the potential for exposure or can not exercise control over their exposure. The exposure levels can be expressed in terms of power density, electric field strength, or magnetic field strength, as averaged over 30 minutes for the general public and 6 minutes for trained personnel. The exposure criteria are frequency dependent, and a chart covering the range from 3 kHz to 100 GHz can be found in NCRP No.86 (references IEEE C95.1-1991). Below are the limits. Limits for Occupational/Controlled Exposure Frequency Range
(MHz) Electric Field Strength (E) (V/m) Magnetic Field Strength (H) (A/m) Power Density (S)
(mW/cm2) 0.3-3.0 3.0-30 30-300 300-1500 1500-100,000 614 1842/f 61.4
.63 4.89/f 0.163
(100)*
(900/f2)*
1.0 f/300 5 Limits for General Population/Uncontrolled Exposure Frequency Range
(MHz) Electric Field Strength (E) (V/m) Magnetic Field Strength (H) (A/m) Power Density (S)
(mW/cm2) 0.3-3.0 3.0-30 30-300 300-1500 1500-100,000 614 842/f 27.5
1.63 2.19/f 0.073
(100)*
(180/f2)*
0.2 f/1500 1.0 D-2 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Appendix D Electromagnetic Radiation Power density S [mW/cm2] for controlled area at 880 MHz S
f
MHz
300
880 300
9.2 mW
cm 2 Power density S [mW/cm2] for uncontrolled area at 880 MHz S
f
MHz
1500
880 1500
58.0 mW
cm 2 D.3 Estimation of Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields The following method describes a theoretical approach to calculate possible exposure to electromagnetic radiation around a BTS antenna. Precise statements are basically only possible either with measurements or complex calculations considering the complexity of the environment (e.g. soil conditions, near buildings and other obstacles) which causes reflections, scattering of electromagnetic fields. The maximum output power (given in EIRP) of a BTS is usually limited by license conditions of the network operator. A rough estimation of the expected exposure in power flux density on a given point can be made with the following equation. The calcualtions are based on FCC OET 65 Appendix B. GWPS
2 mr
numeric
4 Whereas:
P = Maximum output power in W of the site G numeric = Numeric gain of the antenna relative to isotropic antenna R = distance between the antenna and the point of exposure in meters D.4 Calculation of Safe Distance Calculation of safe distane can be made on a site by site basis to ensure the power density is below the specified limitse. Or guidelines can be done beforehand to ensure the minimum distances from the antenna is maintained through the site planning. D-3 System Principle Appendix D Electromagnetic Radiation Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station r
*64.1 G d S 4
Pt Whereas:
r = distance from the antenna [m]
dG = Antenna gain relative to half wave dipole Pt = Power at the antenna terminals [W]
S = power density [W/m2] see also MPE Limits Note: 1mW/cm2 = 10W/m2 D.5 Location of BTS Antennae BTS antennas, the source of the radiation, are usually mounted on freestanding towers, with a height up to 30 m or on a tower on the top of buildings or, in some cases, to the side of the building. Generally the height of the antenna position does not fall below 10 m. The power usually is focused into a horizontal main beam and slightly downward tilted. The remaining power goes into the weaker beams on both side of the main beam. The main beam however does not reach ground level until the distance from the antenna position is around 50~200 m. The highest level of emission would be expected in close vicinity of the antenna and in line of sight to the antenna. D.5.1 Exclusion Zones Antenna location should be designed so that the public cannot access areas where the RF radiation exceeds the levels as described above. If there are areas accessible to workers that exceed the RF radiation exceeds the levels as described above make sure that workers know where these areas are, and that they can (and do) power-down (or shut down) the transmitters when entering these areas. Such areas may not exist; but if they do, they will be confined to areas within 10 m of the antennas. Each exclusion zone should be defined by a physical barrier and by a easy recognizable sign warning the public or workers that inside the exclusion zone the RF radiation might exceed national limits. D-4 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station D.5.2 Guidelines on Arranging Antenna Locations System Principle Appendix D Electromagnetic Radiation Observe the following guidelines when selecting the places for BTS antennas:
For roof-mounted antennas, elevate the transmitting antennas above the height of people who may have to be on the roof. For roof-mounted antennas, keep the transmitting antennas away from the areas where people are most likely to be (e.g., roof access points, telephone service points, HVAC equipment). For roof-mounted directional antennas, place the antennas near the periphery and point them away from the building. Consider the trade off between large aperture antennas (lower maximum RF) and small aperture antennas (lower visual impact). Take special precautions to keep higher-power antennas away from accessible areas. Keep antennas at a site as for apart as possible; although this may run contrary to local zoning requirements. Take special precautions when designing "co-location" sites, where multiple antennas owned by different companies are on the same structure. This applies particularly to sites that include high-power broadcast (FM/TV) antennas. Local zoning often favors co-location, but co-location can provide "challenging" RF safety problems. For roof-mounted antennas, elevate the transmitting antennas above the height of people who may have to be on the roof. For roof-mounted antennas, keep the transmitting antennas away from the areas where people are most likely to be (e.g., roof access points, telephone service points, HVAC equipment). Take special precautions for antenna sites near hospital and schools.
D-5 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Appendix E Abbreviations and Acronyms Appendix E Abbreviations and Acronyms A A A1/A2/A5 A3/A7 A8/A9 A10/A11 AAA AAL2 AAL5 Abis AC AC A/D ADC AGC ANSI ARQ ATM AUC B BAM BASB BBFL BBFM BCIM BCKM BCPM BDCS BEOM BESP Availability Interface between BSC and MSC Interface between BSCs Interface between BSC and PCF Interface between PCF and PDSN Authorization, Authentication and Accounting ATM Adaptation Layer 2 ATM Adaptation Layer 5 Interface between BSC and BTS Authentication Center Alternating Current Analog/Digital Analog Digit Converter Automatic Gain Control American National Standards Institute Automatic Repeat Request Asynchronous Transfer Mode Authentication Back Administration Module BTS3606 Baseband Backplane BTS BTRM FAN Lamp Module BTS BTRM FAN Monitor BTS Control Interface Module BTS Control & Clock Module BTS Channel Process Module BTS Direct Current Switchbox BTS Electric-Optical Module BTS E1 Surge Protector E-1 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Appendix E Abbreviations and Acronyms BFAN BFIB BFMM BHPA BICM BIFM BPLI BPSK BRCM BRDM BRFM BS BSC BSS BTEM BTRM BTRB BTS C CCITT CDMA CDU CE CLI CLK CM CMM CN CPU CRC CTC D D/A BTS FAN Module BTS3606 Fan Block Interface Board BTS Fan Monitor Module BTS High Power Amplifier Unit BTS Intermediate Frequency Control Module BTS Intermediate Frequency Module BTS Power & Lighting protection lamp Indicator board Binary Phase Shift Keying BTS Radio Up-Down Converter Module BTS Resource Distribution Module BTS RF Fan Module Base Station Base Station Controller Base Station Subsystem BTS Test Module BTS Transceiver Module BTS3606 TRx Backplane Base Transceiver Station International Telephone and Telegraph Consultative Committee Code Division Multiple Access Combining Duplexer Unit Channel Element Command Line Interpreter Clock Connection Management Capability Mature Mode Core Network Central Processing Unit Cyclic Redundancy Check Common Transmit Clock Digit/Analog E-2 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Appendix E Abbreviations and Acronyms DAC DC DAGC DCE DDU DFU E EMC EMI EMS EIA EIB EIR ESD ETS ETSI F FA F-APICH F-ATDPICH F-BCH FCACH FCC F-CCCH FCH F-DCCH F-DD FER F-FCH F-PCH F-PICH F-QPCH F-SCCH F-SCH Digit Analog Converter Direct Current Digit Automatic Gain Control Data Communications Equipment Dual Duplexer Unit Duplexer and Filter Unit Electro Magnetic Compatibility Electro Magnetic Interference Electro Magnetic Sensitivity Electronics Industry Association Erasure Indicator Bit Equipment Identity Register Electrostatic Discharge European Telecommunication Standards European Telecommunication Standards Institute Foreign Agent Forward Assistant Pilot Channel Forward Transmit Diversity Assistant Pilot Channel Forward Broadcast Channel Forward Common Assignment Channel Federal Communications Commission Forward Common Control Channel Fundamental Channel Forward Dedicated Control Channel Frequency Division Duplex Frame Error Rate Forward Fundamental Channel Forward Paging Channel Forward Pilot Channel Forward Quick Paging Channel Forward Supplemental Code Channel Forward Supplemental Channel E-3 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Appendix E Abbreviations and Acronyms F-SYNCH F-TCH F-TDPICH FTP G GLONASS GPM GPS GRIL GUI H HA HDLC HLR HPAU HPBW HPCM HPSK I ICP ID IEC IEEE IF IMA IP IPOA ISDN ITC ITU ITU-R ITU-T Forward Sync Channel Forward Traffic Channel Forward Transmit Diversity Pilot Channel File Transfer Protocol Global Navigation Satellite System General Paging Message Global Position System GPS/GLONASS Receiver Interface Language Graphics User Interface Home Agent High level Data Link Control Home Location Register High Power Amplifier Unit Half Power Beam Width BTS High Precision Clock Module Hybrid Phase Shift Keying IMA Control Protocol IDentification International Electrotechnical Commission Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Intermediate Frequency Inverse Multiplexing for ATM Internet Protocol IP over ATM Integrated Services Digital Network Independent Transmit Clock International Telecommunications Union International Telecommunications Union-
Radiocommunication Sector International Telecommunications Union-Telecommunication Standardization Sector E-4 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Appendix E Abbreviations and Acronyms IWF J JTAG L LAC LED LMF LNA LPF M MAC MC MCPA MCU Mcps MM MMI MOC Modem MPU MS MSC MT MTC MT1 MTBF MTRB MTTR O OAM OEM OMC OML Interworking Function Joint Test Action Group Link Access Control Light Emitting Diode Local Maintenance Function Low-Noise Amplifier Low-Pass Filter Medium Access Control Message Center Multi-Carrier Power Amplifier Main Control Unit Million chips per second Mobility Management Man Machine Interface Mobile Originated Call Modulator-Demodulator Micro Process Unit Mobile Station Mobile Switching Center Mobile Terminal Mobile Terminated Call Mobile Terminal 1 Mean Time Between Failures Micro-bts Transceiver Board Mean Time To Repair Operation & Maintenance Original Equipment Manufacturer Operation & Maintenance Center Operation & Maintenance Link E-5 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Appendix E Abbreviations and Acronyms OMU OCXO OQPSK OTD P PCB PCF PCH PDSN PGND PIB PLL PLMN PMRM PN PP2S PPP PRM PSPDN PSTN PSU PVC PVP PWM Q QIB QoS QPCH QPSK R R-ACH RC R-CCCH Operation & Maintenance Unit Oven voltage Control Oscillator Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying Orthogonal Transmit Diversity Printed Circuit Board Packet Control Function Paging Channel Packet Data Service Node Protection Ground Power Inspecting Board Phase-Locked Loop Public Land Mobile Network Power Measurement Report Message Pseudo Noise Pulse Per 2 Seconds Peer-Peer Protocol Paging Response Packet Switched Public Data Network Public Switched Telephone Network Power Supply Unit Permanent Virtual Channel Permanent Virtual Path Pulse-Width Modulation Quality Identification Bit Quality of Service Quick Paging Channel Quadrature Phase Shift Keying Reverse Access Channel Radio Configuration Reverse Common Control Channel E-6 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Appendix E Abbreviations and Acronyms R-DCCH R-EACH RF R-FCH RLDU RLP RM RNC R-PC R-PICH R-SCCH R-SCH RSQI R-TCH S SCH SDH SID SME SDU SPU SRBP SSSAR STM-1 STS T TA TA TAm TCP TDD TDMA TE TIA Reverse Dedicated Control Channel Reverse Enhanced Access Channel Radio Frequency Reverse Fundamental Channel Receive LNA Distribution Unit Radio Link Protocol Radio Management Radio Network Controller Reverse Power Control subchannel Reverse Pilot Channel Reverse Supplemental Code Channel Reverse Supplemental Channel Receive Signal Quality Indicator Reverse Traffic Channel Supplemental Channel Synchronous Digital Hierarchy System Identification Signaling Message Encryption Selection/Distribution Unit Signaling Process Unit Signaling Radio Burst Protocol Special Service Segmentation and Reassemble Synchronization Transfer Mode 1 Space Time Spreading Timing Advance Terminal Adapter Mobile Terminal Adapter Transport Control Protocol Time Division Duplex Time Division Multiple Access Terminal Equipment 1 Telecommunications Industry Association E-7 Technical Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Appendix E Abbreviations and Acronyms TMA TMSI TRX U Um UNI UTC UART V VCI VLR VPI VSWR Tower Mounted Amplifier Temp Mobile Subscriber Identifier Transceiver Interface between BTS and MS User Network Interface Universal Coordinated Time Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter Virtual Channel Identifier Visitor Location Register Virtual Path Identifier Voltage Standing Wave Radio E-8
frequency | equipment class | purpose | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2003-12-23 | 1931.25 ~ 1988.75 | PCB - PCS Licensed Transmitter | Original Equipment |
app s | Applicant Information | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Effective |
2003-12-23
|
||||
1 | Applicant's complete, legal business name |
Huawei Technologies Co.,Ltd
|
||||
1 | FCC Registration Number (FRN) |
0007419963
|
||||
1 | Physical Address |
Administration Building, Headquarters of Huawei
|
||||
1 |
Shenzhen, N/A
|
|||||
1 |
China
|
|||||
app s | TCB Information | |||||
1 | TCB Application Email Address |
k******@emcc.de
|
||||
1 | TCB Scope |
B1: Commercial mobile radio services equipment in the following 47 CFR Parts 20, 22 (cellular), 24,25 (below 3 GHz) & 27
|
||||
app s | FCC ID | |||||
1 | Grantee Code |
QIS
|
||||
1 | Equipment Product Code |
BTS3612A-1900
|
||||
app s | Person at the applicant's address to receive grant or for contact | |||||
1 | Name |
Z****** X****
|
||||
1 | Telephone Number |
+86-7********
|
||||
1 | Fax Number |
+86-7********
|
||||
1 |
z******@huawei.com
|
|||||
app s | Technical Contact | |||||
n/a | ||||||
app s | Non Technical Contact | |||||
n/a | ||||||
app s | Confidentiality (long or short term) | |||||
1 | Does this application include a request for confidentiality for any portion(s) of the data contained in this application pursuant to 47 CFR § 0.459 of the Commission Rules?: | Yes | ||||
1 | Long-Term Confidentiality Does this application include a request for confidentiality for any portion(s) of the data contained in this application pursuant to 47 CFR § 0.459 of the Commission Rules?: | No | ||||
if no date is supplied, the release date will be set to 45 calendar days past the date of grant. | ||||||
app s | Cognitive Radio & Software Defined Radio, Class, etc | |||||
1 | Is this application for software defined/cognitive radio authorization? | No | ||||
1 | Equipment Class | PCB - PCS Licensed Transmitter | ||||
1 | Description of product as it is marketed: (NOTE: This text will appear below the equipment class on the grant) | CDMA Base Station | ||||
1 | Related OET KnowledgeDataBase Inquiry: Is there a KDB inquiry associated with this application? | No | ||||
1 | Modular Equipment Type | Does not apply | ||||
1 | Purpose / Application is for | Original Equipment | ||||
1 | Composite Equipment: Is the equipment in this application a composite device subject to an additional equipment authorization? | No | ||||
1 | Related Equipment: Is the equipment in this application part of a system that operates with, or is marketed with, another device that requires an equipment authorization? | No | ||||
1 | Grant Comments | Power output listed is conducted. The antenna(s) used for this transmitter must be fixed-mounted on outdoor permanent structures. RF exposure compliance is addressed at the time of licensing, as required by the responsible FCC Bureau(s), including antenna co-location requirements of 1.1307(b)(3). | ||||
1 | Is there an equipment authorization waiver associated with this application? | No | ||||
1 | If there is an equipment authorization waiver associated with this application, has the associated waiver been approved and all information uploaded? | No | ||||
app s | Test Firm Name and Contact Information | |||||
1 | Firm Name |
Huawei Technologies Co., LTD
|
||||
1 | Name |
Z**** F****
|
||||
1 | Telephone Number |
86-75********
|
||||
1 | Fax Number |
86-75********
|
||||
1 |
z******@huawei.com
|
|||||
Equipment Specifications | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Line | Rule Parts | Grant Notes | Lower Frequency | Upper Frequency | Power Output | Tolerance | Emission Designator | Microprocessor Number | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1 | 1 | 24E | 1931.25000000 | 1988.75000000 | 20.0000000 | 0.0500000000 ppm | 1M25F9W |
some individual PII (Personally Identifiable Information) available on the public forms may be redacted, original source may include additional details
This product uses the FCC Data API but is not endorsed or certified by the FCC