FCC ID: 2AK6M-EP20FMMASTER Truck anchor for distance measurements to a person tag

Example for a factory-installation of the UWB-Anchors

(FCC ID 2AK6M-EP20FMMASTER, FCC ID 2AK6M-EP20FMSLAVEFH, FCC ID 2AK6M-EP20FMSLAVERL) in an industrial transportation vehicle

Compliance Statement in Industrial Transportation Vehicle Manual FCC ID: 2AK6M-EP20FMMASTER Our clients products with the FCC ID mentioned above will be installed in industrial transportation vehicles. The Grantee declares that their product with the above FCC ID is used solely inside industrial transportation vehicles. Consequently, its functional description will be included in the individual operating instructions of the vehicle. The Grantee assures that following statements are included in a prominent location of the operational manual of the industrial transportation vehicle. Where this device is marketed to other parties, this requirement for the statements will be addressed accordingly:

FCC Compliance Statements Antennas mounted on outdoor structures such, as antennas mounted on the outside of a building or on a telephone pole, or any fixed outdoors infrastructure are prohibited for use with this device. UWB devices may not be employed for the operation of toys. Operation onboard an aircraft, a ship or a satellite is prohibited (15.521(a)). This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:

1. this device may not cause harmful interference, and 2. this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

-> Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the users authority to operate the equipment. If there are any questions, please feel free to contact me. Straubing, 2022-08-09 Marie-Luise Schuster GMA Project Coordinator CSA Group Bayern GmbH CSA Group Bayern GmbH * Ohmstrasse 1-4 * 94342 Strasskirchen * GERMANYTelefon: +49 (0) 9424 9481-0 * Telefax: +49 (0) 9424 9481-440 * E-Mail: info.bayern@csagroup.org * Web: www.csagroup.orgGeschftsfhrer: Dieter Frhlich* Peter Mertel * Kathryn YungAmtsgericht Straubing HRB 11130 * USt.-Id. Nr.: DE 814 397 903 Bank of America. N.A Frankfurt Branch IB A N :DE62 5001 0900 0021 2460 10 SW I F T CODE:BOFADEFX

FFZ-radio module; eP2.0 Master Poa&yr FCC ID: | 2AK6M-EP20FMMASTER Contains FCC ID: QOQBLE121LR PrtNr. 51623287 0 - 2000W52 1xxx0000000x C SplNr. 800754 SUNGHEINRICH 13 12 11 10

Jungheinrich Aktiengesellschaft Lawaetzstrae 9-13 22844 Norderstedt PHOENIX TESTLAB GmbH Product Certification Department Koenigswinkel 10 32825 Blomberg Germany Date: 2023-05-15 Attestation Certification designating a U.S. Agent for Service of Process Section 2.911(d)(7)

(KDB 986446 D01 Covered Equipment) Jungheinrich AG (the applicant) as required by section 2.911(d)(7), designate below contact located in the United States for purposes of acting as the applicants agent for service of process. The applicant also acceptance to maintain an agent for no less than one year after the grantee has terminated all marketing and importation or the conclusion of any Commission-related proceeding involving the equipment. Type of Equipment subject to FCC Certification:

FCC ID: 2AK6M-EP20FMMASTER Sincerely yours, Applicant/Grantee FRN: 0026260802 Sebastian Kruse _________________

(Signature) Digital unterschrieben von Sebastian Kruse Datum: 2023.05.30 09:54:36

+02'00'

US Agent FRN:

Jungheinrich Lift Truck Corp. is not doing any other business with the FCC and does not have a FRN. ___________________

(Signature) Jungheinrich AG Dr. Sebastian Kruse Director Corporate Research & Development sebastian.kruse@jungheinrich.de Lawaetzstrasse 9-13, 22844 Norderstedt

[Company Name]

[Persons Name]

[Job Title]

[E-Mail]

[Postal Address]

Jungheinrich Lift Truck Corp. Armin Holzner President armin.holzner@jungheinrich-us.com 2121 West Sam Houston Parkway North Houston, TX 77043-2305 www.jungheinrich.com Jungheinrich Aktiengesellschaft Lawaetzstrae 9-13 22844 Norderstedt Telefon 040 5269-0 Fax 040 5269-1605 info@jungheinrich.de www.jungheinrich.de Vorsitzender des Aufsichtsrates Rolf Najork Vorstand Dr. Lars Brzoska, Vorsitzender Christian Erlach Dr. Volker Hues Sabine Neu Sitz der Gesellschaft Hamburg Registergericht Hamburg HRB 44 885 Bankverbindung Commerzbank AG Hamburg (BIC: COBADEFFXXX) IBAN: DE57 2004 0000 0630 7300 00; (BLZ 200 400 00) 6 307 300 Deutsche Bank AG Hamburg (BIC: DEUTDEHHXXX) IBAN: DE96 2007 0000 0042 9977 00; (BLZ 200 700 00) 0 429 977

Jungheinrich Aktiengesellschaft Lawaetzstrae 9-13 22844 Norderstedt To: Federal Communications Commission 7435 Oakland Mills Road Columbia, MD 21046 USA Date: 2023/05/15 Attestation Section 2.911(d)(5)(i) and Section 2.911(d)(5)(ii)

(KDB 986446 D01 Covered Equipment) Section 2.911(d)(5)(i) Jungheinrich AG (the applicant) certifies that the equipment for which authorization is sought is not covered equipment prohibited from receiving an equipment authorization pursuant to section 2.903 of the FCC rules. Section 2.911(d)(5)(ii) Jungheinrich AG (the applicant) certifies that, as of the date of the filing of the application, the applicant is not identified on the Covered List (as a specifically named entity or any of its subsidiaries or affiliates) as an entity producing covered equipment. Type of Equipment subject to FCC Certification:

FCC ID: 2AKM6M-EP20FMMASTER If you have any questions, please feel free to contact me Contact Person:

Position in the Company:

Date of Signature:

Dr. Sebastian Kruse Director Corporate Research & Development 2023/05/30 ___________________________ Signatory

(signature of the applicant) Jungheinrich Aktiengesellschaft Lawaetzstrae 9-13 22844 Norderstedt Telefon 040 5269-0 Fax 040 5269-1605 info@jungheinrich.de www.jungheinrich.de Vorsitzender des Aufsichtsrates Rolf Najork Vorstand Dr. Lars Brzoska, Vorsitzender Christian Erlach Dr. Volker Hues Sabine Neu Sitz der Gesellschaft Hamburg Registergericht Hamburg HRB 44 885 Bankverbindung Commerzbank AG Hamburg (BIC: COBADEFFXXX) IBAN: DE57 2004 0000 0630 7300 00; (BLZ 200 400 00) 6 307 300 Deutsche Bank AG Hamburg (BIC: DEUTDEHHXXX) IBAN: DE96 2007 0000 0042 9977 00; (BLZ 200 700 00) 0 429 977

CSA Internal | 3rd Party Request for Confidentiality Date: 07.01.2022 Subject: Confidentiality Request for FCC ID: 2AK6M-EP20FMMASTER Pursuant to FCC 47 CRF 0.457(d) and 0.459 the applicant requests that a part of the subject FCC application be held confidential. Type of Confidentiality Requested Short Term Short Term Short Term Short Term Short Term Short Term Short Term Short Term Short Term Permanent Permanent*1 Permanent Permanent Permanent Permanent Permanent*3 Exhibit Block Diagrams External Photos Internal Photos Operation Description/Theory of Operation Parts List & Placement/BOM Tune-Up Procedure Schematics Test Setup Photos Users Manual Jungheinrich AG has spent substantial effort in developing this product and it is one of the first of its kind in industry. Having the subject information easily available to "competition" would negate the advantage they have achieved by developing this product. Not protecting the details of the design will result in financial hardship. Permanent Confidentiality:

The applicant requests the exhibits listed above as permanently confidential be permanently withheld from public review due to materials that contain trade secrets and proprietary information not customarily released to the public. Short-Term Confidentiality:

The applicant requests the exhibits selected above as short term confidential be withheld from public view for a period of - days from the date of the Grant of Equipment Authorization and prior to marketing. This is to avoid premature release of sensitive information prior to marketing or release of the product to the public. Applicant is also aware that they are responsible to notify Phoenix Testlab GmbH in the event information regarding the product or the product is made available to the public. Phoenix Testlab GmbH will then release the documents listed above for public disclosure pursuant to FCC Public Notice DA 04-1705. NOTE for Industry Canada Applications:

IC currently only distinguishes Permanent Confidentiality exhibits as shown above. Short Term confidentiality is not considered applicable to IC applications. Sincerely, By:

Marie-Luise Schuster CSA Group Bayern GmbH 1 - The asterisked items (*) require further information to be provided to ACB before permanent confidentiality will be extended to these exhibits. Please refer to FCC KDB 726920 and the specific Document link for D01 found at:

https://apps.fcc.gov/oetcf/kdb/forms/FTSSearchResultPage.cfm?switch=P&id=41731 and review section II, 3) regarding specific information that must accompany these requests.

dUNGHEINRICH Peter Dibbern Corporate Product Development Phone: +49 (0) 40 5269-1411 Fax: +49 (0)40 5269-781411 Peter,Dibbeni@,iuiigheinrich.de December 10,2021 Jungheinrich Aktiengesellschaft Postfach 70 09 41 22009 Hamburg Germany Federal Communications Commission 7435 Oakland Mills Road Columbia, MD 21046 USA Authority to Act as Agent CSA Group Bayern GmbH. Ms. Marie-Luise Schuster is authorized to act on our behalf, until otherwise notified, for applications to Phoenix Test Lab GmbH. We certify that we are not subject to denial of federal benefits, that includes FCC benefits, pursuant to Section 5301 of the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988, 21 U.S.C. 862. Further, no party, as defined in 47 CFR 1.2002 (b), to the application is subject to denial of federal benefits, that includes FCC benefits. We also declare that the information provided to the FCC is true and correct to the best of our knowledge (47 CFR 2.91 l(d)) and we have been informed of the grantee responsibilities (47 CFR 2.909) with regard to certified equipment. Thank you, This authorization is valid until further written notice from Jungheinrich AG. By:

ppa. Peter Dibbern Title:

On behalf of: Jungheinrich AG Head of Shared Functions R&D 1 - Must be signed by applicant contact given for applicant on the FCC site, or by the authorized agent if an appropriate authorized agent letter has been provided. Leiters should be placed on appropriate letterhead.

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EasyPILOT2 OK_DRS-100xxxx 01.07 03.05.2019 Figure 3-38 UWB Antenna with vehicle parts in position A (front) 3.4.1 Fraunhofer IIS - 2019 20190503_Antennenentwicklung_EasyPilot.docx Seite 26 von 45 Projekt:

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EasyPILOT2 OK_DRS-100xxxx 01.07 03.05.2019 File NF_DRWG_UWB-Proto-A1_01.NSI NF_DRWG_UWB-Proto-WagenteileVR_07.NSI NF_DRWG_UWB-Proto-WagenteileHR_06.NSI Frequency MaxFF_GlobalDirectivity 2.58 2.19 1.93 1.12 1.52 1.42 1.09 0.50

-1.07

-1.70

-1.62

-0.94

-0.63

-0.64

-1.16

-1.54

-1.55

-1.12

-1.39

-2.43

-2.48

-2.80

-2.80

-2.73

-3.95

-4.47

-3.64

-3.46

-4.08

-4.96

-5.87

-6.24

-5.28

-4.97

-5.21

-5.11

-5.82

-6.36

-6.08

-5.59

-5.41 4.96 5.05 5.09 4.95 5.22 5.40 5.47 5.58 5.66 5.72 5.76 5.97 5.90 5.95 6.06 6.05 5.88 5.79 5.72 5.70 5.65 5.57 5.58 5.56 5.62 5.78 5.75 5.59 5.55 5.55 5.64 5.49 5.57 5.76 5.88 6.03 5.93 5.89 6.26 6.60 6.70 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 7.0 Gain [dBi]

cable loss Gain [dBi]

cable loss Gain [dBi]

cable loss compensated Efficiency MaxFF_GlobalDirectivity compensated Efficiency MaxFF_GlobalDirectivity compensated Efficiency 0.96 1.50 1.93 1.69 2.15 2.78 2.92 3.04 2.89 2.79 2.83 2.89 3.00 2.65 2.34 2.75 2.63 2.86 3.13 2.32 2.04 2.38 3.08 2.97 2.44 1.84 1.80 2.33 2.36 1.66 1.64 1.84 2.32 2.72 2.81 2.59 2.53 2.86 3.38 3.52 3.62 40%

44%

48%

47%

49%

55%

56%

56%

53%

51%

51%

49%

51%

47%

43%

47%

47%

51%

55%

46%

44%

48%

56%

55%

48%

40%

40%

47%

48%

41%

40%

43%

47%

50%

49%

45%

46%

50%

51%

49%

49%

4.12 3.69 3.44 3.07 3.90 3.38 2.96 2.42 0.80

-0.28

-0.36 0.16 0.24

-0.30

-0.93

-1.44

-1.16

-0.20

-0.53

-1.13

-0.89

-1.08

-1.01

-0.76

-2.32

-2.98

-1.99

-1.67

-2.14

-3.11

-4.23

-4.61

-3.95

-4.01

-4.08

-3.59

-4.10

-4.50

-5.07

-4.98

-4.10 5.90 6.06 6.14 6.46 7.04 6.73 6.79 6.89 6.83 6.51 6.50 6.62 6.35 5.82 5.85 5.73 5.89 6.48 6.31 6.64 7.00 7.12 7.22 7.21 7.04 7.16 7.32 7.20 7.11 7.12 7.08 6.91 6.59 6.41 6.70 7.16 7.18 7.28 6.83 6.85 7.59 2.50 3.01 3.43 3.64 4.53 4.73 4.78 4.96 4.76 4.21 4.09 3.99 3.88 2.99 2.57 2.85 3.02 3.78 3.99 3.62 3.63 4.10 4.87 4.94 4.07 3.34 3.44 4.11 4.30 3.52 3.28 3.47 3.64 3.68 3.95 4.11 4.25 4.71 4.39 4.13 4.92 46%

50%

54%

52%

56%

63%

63%

64%

62%

59%

57%

55%

57%

52%

47%

51%

52%

54%

59%

50%

46%

50%

58%

59%

50%

41%

41%

49%

52%

44%

42%

45%

51%

53%

53%

50%

51%

55%

57%

53%

54%

7.46 5.62 4.75 3.81 2.21 2.32 2.68 2.12 0.32 0.11 0.33 0.83 1.52 1.62 0.74 1.20 1.43 0.25 0.06

-0.51

-1.10

-0.64

-0.21 0.57

-1.58

-2.48

-1.37

-0.93

-1.36

-2.14

-3.25

-3.73

-2.69

-2.74

-3.41

-3.06

-3.46

-4.22

-4.70

-4.90

-4.73 8.82 7.57 6.95 6.95 5.79 6.00 6.68 6.76 6.49 6.83 7.19 7.45 7.79 7.90 8.16 9.07 8.77 7.03 6.92 7.65 7.16 7.49 7.64 8.43 7.84 7.28 7.21 7.38 7.54 7.77 7.86 7.51 7.35 7.08 7.04 7.14 7.02 6.91 6.87 6.83 6.88 5.83 4.93 4.74 4.38 2.84 3.67 4.51 4.66 4.28 4.60 4.79 4.66 5.15 4.91 4.25 5.49 5.61 4.23 4.58 4.24 3.42 4.53 5.66 6.27 4.81 3.83 4.07 4.86 5.07 4.48 4.25 4.35 4.90 4.95 4.61 4.64 4.88 4.99 4.75 4.21 4.29 50%

54%

60%

55%

51%

59%

61%

62%

60%

60%

58%

53%

54%

50%

41%

44%

48%

52%

58%

46%

42%

51%

63%

61%

50%

45%

48%

56%

57%

47%

44%

48%

57%

61%

57%

56%

61%

64%

61%

55%

55%

Table 3-1: Measured antenna gain and efficiency of the UWB antenna [left side, the UWB antenna without antenna housing, in the middle the UWB antenna with car parts in the position A, right side, the UWB antenna with car parts in the position B]. Fraunhofer IIS - 2019 20190503_Antennenentwicklung_EasyPilot.docx Seite 27 von 45 Projekt:

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EasyPILOT2 OK_DRS-100xxxx 01.07 03.05.2019 4,00 3,50 3,00 2,50 2,00 1,50 1,00 0,50 60%

55%

50%

45%

40%

35%

30%

25%

20%

Gain [dBi] cable loss compensated Efficiency 3,0 4,0 5,0 6,0 7,0 Figure 3-39: Antenna gain in dBi and efficiency for the UWB antennas without additional components. 5,00 4,50 4,00 3,50 3,00 2,50 2,00 70%

65%

60%

55%

50%

45%

40%

35%

30%

25%

20%

Gain [dBi] cable loss compensated Efficiency 3,0 4,0 5,0 6,0 7,0 Figure 3-40: Antenna gain in dBi and efficiency for the UWB antennas with vehicle parts in position A. Fraunhofer IIS - 2019 20190503_Antennenentwicklung_EasyPilot.docx Seite 28 von 45 Projekt:

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EasyPILOT2 OK_DRS-100xxxx 01.07 03.05.2019 6,00 5,00 4,00 3,00 2,00 1,00 70%

65%

60%

55%

50%

45%

40%

35%

30%

Gain [dBi] cable loss compensated Efficiency 3,0 4,0 5,0 6,0 7,0 Figure 3-41: Antenna gain in dBi and efficiency for the UWB antennas with vehicle parts in position B. 3.4.2 Back side antenna measured realized gain pattern together with parts of the vehicle at the frequency 3.5 GHz is demonstrated. Figure 42: 3D Co-polarization measured realized gain at 3.5 GHz of the back side antenna, together with the vehicle parts. Fraunhofer IIS - 2019 20190503_Antennenentwicklung_EasyPilot.docx Seite 29 von 45

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EasyPILOT2 OK_DRS-100xxxx 01.07 03.05.2019 nderungen vorbehalten!

Vertraulich!

Antennenentwicklung fr EASYPILOT2.0 HFS_PN-140392 Edition 01 Revision 07 Inhalt:

Simulationsergebnisse und Messungen an der EasyPilot UWB Antenne Fraunhofer IIS - 2019 20190503_Antennenentwicklung_EasyPilot.docx Seite 1 von 45 Projekt:

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EasyPILOT2 OK_DRS-100xxxx 01.07 03.05.2019 Erstellt von:

Name Autor:

Hans Adel Kzz. Adel Datum 16. August 2017 Verlauf:

Ed.Rev Datum nderungen 01.01 23.06.2017 Erste Ausgabe 01.02 20.12.2017 01.03 29.12.2017 Final draft 01.04 01.04.2019 Final draft with measurements 01.05 29.04.2019 Completed 01.06 03.05.2019 Translated to English 01.07 21.05.2019 Corrections, layout and format modification Autor adel shb shb shb shb shb srm Fraunhofer IIS - 2019 20190503_Antennenentwicklung_EasyPilot.docx Seite 2 von 45 Projekt:

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EasyPILOT2 OK_DRS-100xxxx 01.07 03.05.2019 1 Table of Contents 1 2 3 Table of Contents ............................................................................. 3 Publisher .......................................................................................... 4 References ....................................................................................... 4 3.1 Scope of the System .................................................................. 5 3.2 Specifications ............................................................................ 5 3.3 Simulation ................................................................................. 9 3.3.1 Bare antenna simulations .................................................. 9 3.3.2 Back side antenna simulations .......................................... 12 3.3.3 Front side antenna simulations .......................................... 19 3.4 Measurement Results................................................................. 24 3.4.1 Antenna Gain ................................................................... 26 3.4.2 Back side antenna with nearby vehicle components ........... 29 3.4.3 Front antenna with nearby vehicle components ................. 34 3.4.4 Measurement of the final layout of the antenna with nearby vehicle components ....................................................................... 39 Fraunhofer IIS - 2019 20190503_Antennenentwicklung_EasyPilot.docx Seite 3 von 45 Projekt:

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EasyPILOT2 OK_DRS-100xxxx 01.07 03.05.2019 2 Publisher Fraunhofer-Institut fr Integrierte Schaltungen IIS Abteilung Hochfrequenz und SatKom Systeme Am Wolfsmantel 33 91058 Erlangen Deutschland Telefon +49 (0) 9131 / 776 3127 Fax +49 (0) 9131 / 776 3199 3 References The following documents were used to create this document:

RD1 Specification EasyPILOT 2.0 localisiation System V1.0 Jungheinrich RD2 WiSmIt Plattform v4.3 RD3 Evaluierung EasyPILOT 2.0 Fraunhofer IIS Fraunhofer IIS RD4 Spezifikation_EasyPILOT_Komponenten_v5 Fraunhofer IIS RD5 Kommunikationsprotokoll EasyPILOT V1.5 Jungheinrich Fraunhofer IIS - 2019 20190503_Antennenentwicklung_EasyPilot.docx Seite 4 von 45 Projekt:

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EasyPILOT2 OK_DRS-100xxxx 01.07 03.05.2019 3.1 Scope of the System The "EasyPILOT 2.0" system consists of four vehicle nodes and a mobile control panel. Figure 1 shows the positions of the four vehicle nodes, each of which is to be equipped with a UWB receiver antenna. Node A is also equipped with an external NFC radio module (ACD). The UWB antenna for the person component is not considered in this document because it was not developed by IIS. Figure 1: Antenna position EasyPILOT 2.0 A-D: Vehicle Components for Distance Measurement A: Assembly Variant Master B,C,D: Assembly Variant Slave E: Person Component (Control Panel) 3.2 Specifications The antenna is a small wideband dipole having a frequency range between 3.7 6.8 GHz. The antenna has 100 ohms differential line feed. The antenna has vertical polarization. The dimensions of the antenna are demonstrated in the figure. Fraunhofer IIS - 2019 20190503_Antennenentwicklung_EasyPilot.docx Seite 5 von 45 Projekt:

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EasyPILOT2 OK_DRS-100xxxx 01.07 03.05.2019 Figure 2: Dimensions of the antenna The substrate is 1mm thick MEGTRON-4, for which the properties can be demonstrated below. Figure 3: MEGTRON-4 material properties Fraunhofer IIS - 2019 20190503_Antennenentwicklung_EasyPilot.docx Seite 6 von 45 Projekt:

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EasyPILOT2 OK_DRS-100xxxx 01.07 03.05.2019 A chip balun with model reference of HHM1595A1 is attached at the input of antennas transmission lines, which transforms the antenna to a single ended 50 ohms feed design. The balun has a specified frequency range of 3-8GHz. Figure 4: The antenna with chip balun circuitry Fraunhofer IIS - 2019 20190503_Antennenentwicklung_EasyPilot.docx Seite 7 von 45 Projekt:

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EasyPILOT2 OK_DRS-100xxxx 01.07 03.05.2019 Figure 5: Precise layout of the balun and transmission line connections. A: 1.2mm, B: 0.25mm, C: 2.02 mm, D: 50 ohm line, E: 6mm, F: 6mm, G:

0.5mm Figure 6: Properties of the chip balun Fraunhofer IIS - 2019 20190503_Antennenentwicklung_EasyPilot.docx Seite 8 von 45 Projekt:

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EasyPILOT2 OK_DRS-100xxxx 01.07 03.05.2019 3.3 Simulation 3.3.1 Bare antenna simulations The realized gain values for the frequencies 3.5, 5 and 6 GHz are demonstrated respectively, for the case where the antenna element is alone. Bare antenna realized gain pattern at the frequency 3.5 GHz is demonstrated. Figure 7: Simulation result of the bare antenna at constant azimuth, co and cross polarizations at 3.5 GHz. Fraunhofer IIS - 2019 20190503_Antennenentwicklung_EasyPilot.docx Seite 9 von 45 Projekt:

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EasyPILOT2 OK_DRS-100xxxx 01.07 03.05.2019 Figure 8: Simulation result of the bare antenna at constant elevation, co and cross polarizations at 3.5 GHz. Bare antenna realized gain pattern at the frequency 5 GHz is demonstrated. Figure 9: Simulation result of the bare antenna at constant azimuth, co and cross polarizations at 5 GHz. Fraunhofer IIS - 2019 20190503_Antennenentwicklung_EasyPilot.docx Seite 10 von 45 Projekt:

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EasyPILOT2 OK_DRS-100xxxx 01.07 03.05.2019 Figure 10: Simulation result of the bare antenna at constant elevation, co and cross polarizations at 5 GHz. Bare antenna realized gain pattern at the frequency 6 GHz is demonstrated. Figure 11: Simulation result of the bare antenna at constant azimuth, co and cross polarizations at 6 GHz. Fraunhofer IIS - 2019 20190503_Antennenentwicklung_EasyPilot.docx Seite 11 von 45 Projekt:

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EasyPILOT2 OK_DRS-100xxxx 01.07 03.05.2019 Figure 12: Simulation result of the bare antenna at constant elevation, co and cross polarizations at 6 GHz. 3.3.2 Back side antenna simulations The simulation model for the back side of the vehicle is demonstrated. Fraunhofer IIS - 2019 20190503_Antennenentwicklung_EasyPilot.docx Seite 12 von 45 Projekt:

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EasyPILOT2 OK_DRS-100xxxx 01.07 03.05.2019 Figure 13: Simulation model for the back right antenna including the nearby elements of the vehicle. The S-Parameter (S11) of the antenna taken from back side simulation is demonstrated. Figure 14: Simulated S-parameter of the back side antenna (S11). Fraunhofer IIS - 2019 20190503_Antennenentwicklung_EasyPilot.docx Seite 13 von 45 Projekt:

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EasyPILOT2 OK_DRS-100xxxx 01.07 03.05.2019 The realized gain values for the frequencies 3.5, 5 and 6 GHz are considered for this report. Back side antenna realized gain pattern at the frequency 3.5 GHz is demonstrated. Figure 15: 3D Co-polarization simulated realized gain at 3.5 GHz of the back side antenna, together with the vehicle parts. Fraunhofer IIS - 2019 20190503_Antennenentwicklung_EasyPilot.docx Seite 14 von 45 Projekt:

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EasyPILOT2 OK_DRS-100xxxx 01.07 03.05.2019 Figure 16: Simulation result of the backside antenna together with the vehicle parts at constant azimuth, co and cross polarizations at 3.5 GHz. Figure 17: Simulation result of the backside antenna together with the vehicle parts at constant elevation, co and cross polarizations at 3.5 GHz. Fraunhofer IIS - 2019 20190503_Antennenentwicklung_EasyPilot.docx Seite 15 von 45 Projekt:

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EasyPILOT2 OK_DRS-100xxxx 01.07 03.05.2019 Back side antenna realized gain pattern at the frequency 5 GHz is demonstrated. Figure 18: 3D Co-polarization simulated realized gain at 5 GHz of the back side antenna, together with the vehicle parts. Figure 19: Simulation result of the backside antenna together with the vehicle parts at constant azimuth, co and cross polarizations at 5 GHz. Fraunhofer IIS - 2019 20190503_Antennenentwicklung_EasyPilot.docx Seite 16 von 45 Projekt:

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EasyPILOT2 OK_DRS-100xxxx 01.07 03.05.2019 Figure 20: Simulation result of the backside antenna together with the vehicle parts at constant elevation, co and cross polarizations at 5 GHz. Back side antenna realized gain pattern at the frequency 6 GHz is demonstrated. Figure 21: 3D Co-polarization simulated realized gain at 6 GHz of the back side antenna, together with the vehicle parts. Fraunhofer IIS - 2019 20190503_Antennenentwicklung_EasyPilot.docx Seite 17 von 45 Projekt:

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EasyPILOT2 OK_DRS-100xxxx 01.07 03.05.2019 Figure 22: Simulation result of the backside antenna together with the vehicle parts at constant azimuth, co and cross polarizations at 6 GHz. Figure 23: Simulation result of the backside antenna together with the vehicle parts at constant elevation, co and cross polarizations at 6 GHz. Fraunhofer IIS - 2019 20190503_Antennenentwicklung_EasyPilot.docx Seite 18 von 45 Projekt:

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EasyPILOT2 OK_DRS-100xxxx 01.07 03.05.2019 3.3.3 Front side antenna simulations The simulation model for the front side of the vehicle is demonstrated. Figure 24: Simulation model for the front right antenna including the nearby elements of the vehicle. The S-Parameter (S11) of the antenna taken from front side simulation is demonstrated. Figure 25: Simulated S-parameter of the front side antenna (S11). The realized gain values for the frequencies 3.5, 5 and 6 GHz are considered for this report. Fraunhofer IIS - 2019 20190503_Antennenentwicklung_EasyPilot.docx Seite 19 von 45 Projekt:

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EasyPILOT2 OK_DRS-100xxxx 01.07 03.05.2019 Front side antenna realized gain pattern at the frequency 3.5 GHz is demonstrated. Figure 26: 3D Co-polarization simulated realized gain at 3.5 GHz of the front side antenna, together with the vehicle parts. Figure 27: Simulation result of the front side antenna together with the vehicle parts at constant azimuth, co and cross polarizations at 3.5 GHz. Fraunhofer IIS - 2019 20190503_Antennenentwicklung_EasyPilot.docx Seite 20 von 45 Projekt:

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EasyPILOT2 OK_DRS-100xxxx 01.07 03.05.2019 Figure 28: Simulation result of the front side antenna together with the vehicle parts at constant elevation, co and cross polarizations at 3.5 GHz. Front side antenna realized gain pattern at the frequency 5 GHz is demonstrated. Figure 29: 3D Co-polarization simulated realized gain at 5 GHz of the front side antenna, together with the vehicle parts. Fraunhofer IIS - 2019 20190503_Antennenentwicklung_EasyPilot.docx Seite 21 von 45 Projekt:

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EasyPILOT2 OK_DRS-100xxxx 01.07 03.05.2019 Figure 30: Simulation result of the front side antenna together with the vehicle parts at constant azimuth, co and cross polarizations at 5 GHz. Figure 31: Simulation result of the front side antenna together with the vehicle parts at constant elevation, co and cross polarizations at 5 GHz. Fraunhofer IIS - 2019 20190503_Antennenentwicklung_EasyPilot.docx Seite 22 von 45 Projekt:

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EasyPILOT2 OK_DRS-100xxxx 01.07 03.05.2019 Figure 32: 3D Co-polarization simulated realized gain at 6 GHz of the front side antenna, together with the vehicle parts. Figure 33: Simulation result of the front side antenna together with the vehicle parts at constant azimuth, co and cross polarizations at 6 GHz. Fraunhofer IIS - 2019 20190503_Antennenentwicklung_EasyPilot.docx Seite 23 von 45 Projekt:

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EasyPILOT2 OK_DRS-100xxxx 01.07 03.05.2019 Figure 34: Simulation result of the front side antenna together with the vehicle parts at constant elevation, co and cross polarizations at 6 GHz. 3.4 Measurement Results Figure 3-35 UWB Antenna without vehicle components Fraunhofer IIS - 2019 20190503_Antennenentwicklung_EasyPilot.docx Seite 24 von 45 Projekt:

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EasyPILOT2 OK_DRS-100xxxx 01.07 03.05.2019 Figure 3-36 UWB Antenna with vehicle parts in position B (back) Figure 3-37 UWB Antenna with vehicle parts in position A (front) Fraunhofer IIS - 2019 20190503_Antennenentwicklung_EasyPilot.docx Seite 25 von 45 Projekt:

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EasyPILOT2 OK_DRS-100xxxx 01.07 03.05.2019 Figure 3-38 UWB Antenna with vehicle parts in position A (front) 3.4.1 Antenna Gain Fraunhofer IIS - 2019 20190503_Antennenentwicklung_EasyPilot.docx Seite 26 von 45 Projekt:

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EasyPILOT2 OK_DRS-100xxxx 01.07 03.05.2019 Table 3-1: Measured antenna gain and efficiency of the UWB antenna [left side, the UWB antenna without antenna housing, in the middle the UWB antenna with car parts in the position A, right side, the UWB antenna with car parts in the position B]. Fraunhofer IIS - 2019 20190503_Antennenentwicklung_EasyPilot.docx Seite 27 von 45 FileNF_DRWG_UWB-Proto-A1_01.NSINF_DRWG_UWB-Proto-WagenteileVR_07.NSINF_DRWG_UWB-Proto-WagenteileHR_06.NSIFrequencyMaxFF_GlobalDirectivityGain [dBi] cable loss compensatedEfficiencyMaxFF_GlobalDirectivityGain [dBi] cable loss compensatedEfficiencyMaxFF_GlobalDirectivityGain [dBi] cable loss compensatedEfficiency3.02.584.960.9640%4.125.902.5046%7.468.825.8350%3.12.195.051.5044%3.696.063.0150%5.627.574.9354%3.21.935.091.9348%3.446.143.4354%4.756.954.7460%3.31.124.951.6947%3.076.463.6452%3.816.954.3855%3.41.525.222.1549%3.907.044.5356%2.215.792.8451%3.51.425.402.7855%3.386.734.7363%2.326.003.6759%3.61.095.472.9256%2.966.794.7863%2.686.684.5161%3.70.505.583.0456%2.426.894.9664%2.126.764.6662%3.8-1.075.662.8953%0.806.834.7662%0.326.494.2860%3.9-1.705.722.7951%-0.286.514.2159%0.116.834.6060%4.0-1.625.762.8351%-0.366.504.0957%0.337.194.7958%4.1-0.945.972.8949%0.166.623.9955%0.837.454.6653%4.2-0.635.903.0051%0.246.353.8857%1.527.795.1554%4.3-0.645.952.6547%-0.305.822.9952%1.627.904.9150%4.4-1.166.062.3443%-0.935.852.5747%0.748.164.2541%4.5-1.546.052.7547%-1.445.732.8551%1.209.075.4944%4.6-1.555.882.6347%-1.165.893.0252%1.438.775.6148%4.7-1.125.792.8651%-0.206.483.7854%0.257.034.2352%4.8-1.395.723.1355%-0.536.313.9959%0.066.924.5858%4.9-2.435.702.3246%-1.136.643.6250%-0.517.654.2446%5.0-2.485.652.0444%-0.897.003.6346%-1.107.163.4242%5.1-2.805.572.3848%-1.087.124.1050%-0.647.494.5351%5.2-2.805.583.0856%-1.017.224.8758%-0.217.645.6663%5.3-2.735.562.9755%-0.767.214.9459%0.578.436.2761%5.4-3.955.622.4448%-2.327.044.0750%-1.587.844.8150%5.5-4.475.781.8440%-2.987.163.3441%-2.487.283.8345%5.6-3.645.751.8040%-1.997.323.4441%-1.377.214.0748%5.7-3.465.592.3347%-1.677.204.1149%-0.937.384.8656%5.8-4.085.552.3648%-2.147.114.3052%-1.367.545.0757%5.9-4.965.551.6641%-3.117.123.5244%-2.147.774.4847%6.0-5.875.641.6440%-4.237.083.2842%-3.257.864.2544%6.1-6.245.491.8443%-4.616.913.4745%-3.737.514.3548%6.2-5.285.572.3247%-3.956.593.6451%-2.697.354.9057%6.3-4.975.762.7250%-4.016.413.6853%-2.747.084.9561%6.4-5.215.882.8149%-4.086.703.9553%-3.417.044.6157%6.5-5.116.032.5945%-3.597.164.1150%-3.067.144.6456%6.6-5.825.932.5346%-4.107.184.2551%-3.467.024.8861%6.7-6.365.892.8650%-4.507.284.7155%-4.226.914.9964%6.8-6.086.263.3851%-5.076.834.3957%-4.706.874.7561%6.9-5.596.603.5249%-4.986.854.1353%-4.906.834.2155%7.0-5.416.703.6249%-4.107.594.9254%-4.736.884.2955%

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EasyPILOT2 OK_DRS-100xxxx 01.07 03.05.2019 4,00 3,50 3,00 2,50 2,00 1,50 1,00 0,50 60%

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Gain [dBi] cable loss compensated Efficiency 3,0 4,0 5,0 6,0 7,0 Figure 3-39: Antenna gain in dBi and efficiency for the UWB antennas without additional components. 5,00 4,50 4,00 3,50 3,00 2,50 2,00 70%

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Gain [dBi] cable loss compensated Efficiency 3,0 4,0 5,0 6,0 7,0 Figure 3-40: Antenna gain in dBi and efficiency for the UWB antennas with vehicle parts in position A. Fraunhofer IIS - 2019 20190503_Antennenentwicklung_EasyPilot.docx Seite 28 von 45 Projekt:

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EasyPILOT2 OK_DRS-100xxxx 01.07 03.05.2019 6,00 5,00 4,00 3,00 2,00 1,00 70%

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Gain [dBi] cable loss compensated Efficiency 3,0 4,0 5,0 6,0 7,0 Figure 3-41: Antenna gain in dBi and efficiency for the UWB antennas with vehicle parts in position B. 3.4.2 Back side antenna with nearby vehicle components Back side antenna measured realized gain pattern together with parts of the vehicle at the frequency 3.5 GHz is demonstrated. Figure 42: 3D Co-polarization measured realized gain at 3.5 GHz of the back side antenna, together with the vehicle parts. Fraunhofer IIS - 2019 20190503_Antennenentwicklung_EasyPilot.docx Seite 29 von 45 Projekt:

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EasyPILOT2 OK_DRS-100xxxx 01.07 03.05.2019 Figure 43: Measurement result of the back side antenna together with the vehicle parts at constant azimuth, co and cross polarizations at 3.5 GHz. Figure 44: Measurement result of the back side antenna together with the vehicle parts at constant elevation, co and cross polarizations at 3.5 GHz. Fraunhofer IIS - 2019 20190503_Antennenentwicklung_EasyPilot.docx Seite 30 von 45 Projekt:

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EasyPILOT2 OK_DRS-100xxxx 01.07 03.05.2019 Back side antenna measured realized gain pattern together with parts of the vehicle at the frequency 5 GHz is demonstrated. Figure 45: 3D Co-polarization measured realized gain at 5 GHz of the back side antenna, together with the vehicle parts. Figure 46: Measurement result of the back side antenna together with the vehicle parts at constant azimuth, co and cross polarizations at 5 GHz. Fraunhofer IIS - 2019 20190503_Antennenentwicklung_EasyPilot.docx Seite 31 von 45 Projekt:

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EasyPILOT2 OK_DRS-100xxxx 01.07 03.05.2019 Figure 47: Measurement result of the back side antenna together with the vehicle parts at constant elevation, co and cross polarizations at 5 GHz. Back side antenna measured realized gain pattern together with parts of the vehicle at the frequency 6 GHz is demonstrated. Figure 48: 3D Co-polarization measured realized gain at 6 GHz of the back side antenna, together with the vehicle parts. Fraunhofer IIS - 2019 20190503_Antennenentwicklung_EasyPilot.docx Seite 32 von 45 Projekt:

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EasyPILOT2 OK_DRS-100xxxx 01.07 03.05.2019 Figure 49: Measurement result of the back side antenna together with the vehicle parts at constant azimuth, co and cross polarizations at 6 GHz. Figure 50: Measurement result of the back side antenna together with the vehicle parts at constant elevation, co and cross polarizations at 6 GHz. Fraunhofer IIS - 2019 20190503_Antennenentwicklung_EasyPilot.docx Seite 33 von 45 Projekt:

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EasyPILOT2 OK_DRS-100xxxx 01.07 03.05.2019 3.4.3 Front antenna with nearby vehicle components Front side antenna measured realized gain pattern together with parts of the vehicle at the frequency 3.5 GHz is demonstrated. Figure 51: 3D Co-polarization measured realized gain at 3.5 GHz of the front side antenna, together with the vehicle parts. Figure 52: Measurement result of the front side antenna together with the vehicle parts at constant azimuth, co and cross polarizations at 3.5 GHz. Fraunhofer IIS - 2019 20190503_Antennenentwicklung_EasyPilot.docx Seite 34 von 45 Projekt:

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EasyPILOT2 OK_DRS-100xxxx 01.07 03.05.2019 Figure 53: Measurement result of the front side antenna together with the vehicle parts at constant elevation, co and cross polarizations at 3.5 GHz. Front side antenna measured realized gain pattern together with parts of the vehicle at the frequency 5 GHz is demonstrated. Figure 54: 3D Co-polarization measured realized gain at 5 GHz of the front side antenna, together with the vehicle parts. Fraunhofer IIS - 2019 20190503_Antennenentwicklung_EasyPilot.docx Seite 35 von 45 Projekt:

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EasyPILOT2 OK_DRS-100xxxx 01.07 03.05.2019 Figure 55: Measurement result of the front side antenna together with the vehicle parts at constant azimuth, co and cross polarizations at 5 GHz. Figure 56: Measurement result of the front side antenna together with the vehicle parts at constant elevation, co and cross polarizations at 5 GHz. Fraunhofer IIS - 2019 20190503_Antennenentwicklung_EasyPilot.docx Seite 36 von 45 Projekt:

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EasyPILOT2 OK_DRS-100xxxx 01.07 03.05.2019 Front side antenna measured realized gain pattern together with parts of the vehicle at the frequency 6 GHz is demonstrated. Figure 57: 3D Co-polarization measured realized gain at 6 GHz of the front side antenna, together with the vehicle parts. Figure 58: Measurement result of the front side antenna together with the vehicle parts at constant azimuth, co and cross polarizations at 6 GHz. Fraunhofer IIS - 2019 20190503_Antennenentwicklung_EasyPilot.docx Seite 37 von 45 Projekt:

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EasyPILOT2 OK_DRS-100xxxx 01.07 03.05.2019 Figure 59: Measurement result of the front side antenna together with the vehicle parts at constant elevation, co and cross polarizations at 6 GHz. Fraunhofer IIS - 2019 20190503_Antennenentwicklung_EasyPilot.docx Seite 38 von 45 Projekt:

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EasyPILOT2 OK_DRS-100xxxx 01.07 03.05.2019 3.4.4 Measurement of the final layout of the antenna with nearby vehicle components Figure 60: Back side nearby vehicle components and the antenna positioned for the measurement. Fraunhofer IIS - 2019 20190503_Antennenentwicklung_EasyPilot.docx Seite 39 von 45 Projekt:

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EasyPILOT2 OK_DRS-100xxxx 01.07 03.05.2019 Figure 61: Back side antenna 3D realized gain plot at 4 GHz. Figure 62: Back side antenna polar plot at phi=0 cut, 4 GHz. Fraunhofer IIS - 2019 20190503_Antennenentwicklung_EasyPilot.docx Seite 40 von 45 Projekt:

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EasyPILOT2 OK_DRS-100xxxx 01.07 03.05.2019 Figure 63: Back side antenna polar plot at phi=90 cut, 4 GHz. Figure 64: Back side antenna polar plot at theta=90 cut, 4 GHz. Fraunhofer IIS - 2019 20190503_Antennenentwicklung_EasyPilot.docx Seite 41 von 45 Projekt:

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EasyPILOT2 OK_DRS-100xxxx 01.07 03.05.2019 Figure 65: Front side nearby vehicle components and the antenna positioned for the measurement. Figure 66: Front side antenna 3D realized gain plot at 4 GHz. Fraunhofer IIS - 2019 20190503_Antennenentwicklung_EasyPilot.docx Seite 42 von 45 Projekt:

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EasyPILOT2 OK_DRS-100xxxx 01.07 03.05.2019 Figure 67: Front side antenna polar plot at phi=0 cut, 4 GHz. Figure 68: Front side antenna polar plot at phi=90 cut, 4 GHz. Fraunhofer IIS - 2019 20190503_Antennenentwicklung_EasyPilot.docx Seite 43 von 45 Projekt:

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EasyPILOT2 OK_DRS-100xxxx 01.07 03.05.2019 Figure 69: Front side antenna polar plot at theta=90 cut, 4 GHz. Figure 70: Measured values for the antenna gain and efficiency for different frequencies and front and back antennas that are located on the right side. Every element (the cables, balun, etc.) are included. The interface is UFL connector at main pcb. Fraunhofer IIS - 2019 20190503_Antennenentwicklung_EasyPilot.docx Seite 44 von 45 Projekt:

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EasyPILOT2 OK_DRS-100xxxx 01.07 03.05.2019 5,00 4,50 4,00 3,50 3,00 2,50 2,00 70%

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Efficiency 3,0 4,0 5,0 6,0 7,0 Figure 71: Antenna gain in dBi and efficiency for the UWB antennas with vehicle parts in position back right. 7,00 6,00 5,00 4,00 3,00 2,00 1,00 60%

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Efficiency 3,0 4,0 5,0 6,0 7,0 Figure 72:Antenna gain in dBi and efficiency for the UWB antennas with vehicle parts in position front right.

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