FCC ID: RFD-BLK2FLY UAV 3D measurement device

 

Leica BLK2FLY User Manual Version 1.0 English Introduction Validity of this manual This manual applies to the BLK2FLY. Where there are differences between the standard setups they are clearly described. This manual contains important safety directions as well as instructions for setting up the product and operating it. Refer to 2 Safety Directions for fur-

ther information. Read carefully through the User Manual before you switch on the product. The content of this document is subject to change without prior notice. Ensure that the product is used in accordance with the latest version of this docu-

ment. Trademarks Bluetooth is a registered trademark of Bluetooth SIG, Inc. Apple, iPad, iPad Air, iPad Pro, and iPhone are trademarks of Apple Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Available documentation The documents in the following list are provided from Leica. Read and follow the instructions in these documents. Name Description/Format BLK2FLY Quick Guide BLK2FLY User Manual Provides an overview of the product together with technical data and safety directions. Intended as a quick reference guide. All instructions required in order to operate the product to a basic level are contained in the User Manual. Provides an overview of the product together with technical data and safety directions. https://myworld.leica-geosystems.com offers a wide range of services, inform-

ation and training material. With direct access to myWorld, you are able to access all relevant services whenever it is convenient for you. The availability of services depends on the instrument model. Service myProducts Description Add all products that you and your company own and explore your world of Leica Geosystems: View detailed information on your products and update your products with the latest software and keep up-

to-date with the latest documentation. View the current service status and full service his-

tory of your products in Leica Geosystems service centres. Access detailed information on the services performed and download your latest calibration cer-

tificates and service reports. myService 2 myDownloads Downloads of software, manuals, tools, training material and news for Leica Geosystems products. Terms and abbreviations The following terms and abbreviations can be found in this manual:

Service mySupport Description myLearning myTrustedServices mySmartNet Create new support requests for your products that will be answered by your local Leica Geosystems Support Team. View the complete history of your support requests and view detailed information on each request in case you want to refer to previous support requests. Welcome to the home of Leica Geosystems online learning! There are numerous online courses avail-

able to all customers with products that have valid CCPs (Customer Care Packages). Add your subscriptions and manage users for Leica Geosystems Trusted Services, the secure software services, that assist you to optimise your workflow and increase your efficiency. Exclusive to GS systems, HxGN SmartNet Global is a family of trustworthy correction services that are easily accessible, and they automatically enable the best possible accuracy everywhere. HxGN SmarNet Global family consists of three services: HxGN Smart-

Net Pro, HxGN SmartNet+ and HxGN SmartNet PPP. Term ARC BLE BVLOS CoG ConOps EASA GNSS GPS GRC GUI IMEI JARUS PC LiPo LTE MAC MTOM Description Air Risk Class Bluetooth Low Energy Beyond-Visual-Line of Sight Centre of Gravity Concept of Operations European Union Aviation Safety Agency Global Navigation Satellite System Global Positioning System Ground Risk Class Graphical User Interface International Mobile Equipment Identity Joint Authorities for Rule-making on Unmanned Sys-

tems Personal Computer Lithium Polymer Long-Term Evolution A standard for wireless broadband communication for mobile devices and data terminals. Mid-air collision Maximum TakeOff Mass 3 Term OAT OEM OSO RC RTCM RTK SAIL SOC SORA UA UAV UTM VLOS WLAN Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services Description Outside Ambient Temperature Original Equipment Manufacturer Operational Safety Objectives Remote Controller Real Time Kinematic Specific Assurance and Integrity Level State of Charge Specific Operational Risk Assessment. Unmanned Aircraft Unmanned Aerial Vehicle UAV Traffic Management System Visual Line of Sight Wireless Local Area Network 4 Table of Contents Usage Instructions and Necessary Training Safety Directions 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 General Introduction Definition of Use Risks Related to Operation of a UAV Limits of Use Responsibilities Hazards of Use Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Scanning Laser Laser Classification Regulatory Situation Product Overview 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 BLK2FLY Hardware BLK2FLY Connectivity BLK2FLY Software Accessories Description of Manufacturer Description of the BLK2FLY 6.1 6.2 6.3 Performance Characteristics Control of the BLK2FLY Operational Limitations 6.3.1 6.3.2 6.3.3 Description of Lights 6.4.1 6.4.2 Description of Data Link Safety Features Obstacle Avoidance Payload Hazard Assessment 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 Meteorological Conditions Day/Night Operations Environmental Considerations Instrument Status Smart Battery GEB374 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Description of the Application, Mission Planning 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 Start Up Screens Pairing Menu WELCOME Status Bar Icons Hamburger Menu 7.6.1 7.6.2 7.6.3 7.6.4 7.6.5 7.6.6 7.6.7 Live View Screen 3D View Screen Map View Screen Project Browser Screen AIRSPACE INFORMATION Screen Battery Management Screen Settings Screen 7.6.7.1 7.6.7.2 7.6.7.3 Profile Screen BLK2FLY Screen Scanning Screen Table of Contents 5 7 8 8 9 10 10 10 10 16 18 18 19 20 20 21 22 23 25 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 27 30 30 30 30 31 31 37 37 37 39 40 41 47 48 49 51 52 53 55 56 57 58 65 7.7 7.6.7.4 Support Screen Flight Screen 7.6.8 Scan Modes 7.7.1 7.7.2 7.7.3 Manual Recording Surface Recording Area Recording 8 9 Alerts, Geo-awareness, Operational Information 8.1 8.2 Description of Alerts, Warnings and Information Geo-awareness System, Fencing 8.2.1 8.2.2 Geo-awareness System Fencing Description of Further Components 9.1 9.2 9.3 Battery Single Charger Multi-charger 10 Operation 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 13.1 13.2 13.3 Airspace Limitations Firmware Updates Configure GNSS RTK Setup Procedures 10.1.1 10.1.2 10.1.3 Preparation Procedures Pre-flight Procedures Compass Calibration Flight Procedures Post-flight Procedures Occurrence Reporting Maintenance Plan Manufacturer Repair Maintenance Recordkeeping Recommended Training 11 Maintenance 12 Troubleshooting 13 Care and Transport Storage Cleaning and Drying 13.2.1 Transport Dome Cleaning Procedure 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14 Technical Data BLK2FLY Smart Battery GEB374 Tablet BLK2FLY System Certificates 14.4.1 Conformity to National Regulations 14.5.1 14.5.2 Dangerous Goods Regulations Labelling BLK2FLY Aircraft 14.5 14.6 EU Declaration of Conformity 15 Software Licence Agreement/Warranty 68 72 75 76 79 83 87 87 90 90 90 93 93 93 93 94 94 94 94 94 94 95 95 99 100 101 102 102 103 103 103 104 106 106 106 106 107 108 108 111 111 112 112 113 113 113 117 119 6 Table of Contents 1 Usage Instructions and Necessary Training Read carefully through the User Manual before you switch on the product Perform your first flights in obstacle free, open area to familiarise yourself with the BLK2FLY Get an appropriate license & operator registration. Refer to 3 Regulatory Situation for details Comply with all applicable laws. Refer to 3 Regulatory Situation for details Application training offered by Leica Geosystems is recommended for BLK2FLY Usage Instructions and Necessary Training 7 2 2.1 Description About warning messages Safety Directions General Introduction The following directions enable the person responsible for the product, and the person who actually uses the equipment, to anticipate and avoid opera-

tional hazards. The person responsible for the product must ensure that all users understand these directions and adhere to them. Warning messages are an essential part of the safety concept of the instru-

ment. They appear wherever hazards or hazardous situations can occur. Warning messages... make the user alert about direct and indirect hazards concerning the use of the product. contain general rules of behaviour. For the users safety, all safety instructions and safety messages shall be strictly observed and followed! Therefore, the manual must always be available to all persons performing any tasks described here. DANGER, WARNING, CAUTION and NOTICE are standardised signal words for identifying levels of hazards and risks related to personal injury and property damage. For your safety, it is important to read and fully understand the following table with the different signal words and their definitions! Supple-

mentary safety information symbols may be placed within a warning message as well as supplementary text. Type Description DANGER WARNING CAUTION NOTICE Indicates an imminently hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result in death or serious injury. Indicates a potentially hazardous situation or an unintended use which, if not avoided, could result in death or serious injury. Indicates a potentially hazardous situation or an unintended use which, if not avoided, may result in minor or moderate injury. Indicates a potentially hazardous situation or an unintended use which, if not avoided, may result in appreciable material, financial and environmental damage. Important paragraphs which must be adhered to in practice as they enable the product to be used in a technically correct and efficient manner. Additional symbols Warning against explosive material. 8 Safety Directions Warning against flammable substances. Product must not be opened or modified or tampered with. Indicates the temperature limits at which the product may be stored, transported or used. 2.2 Intended use Definition of Use Scanning objects Measuring horizontal and vertical angles Measuring distances Capturing and recording images Recording measurements Computing with software Remote control of product Data communication with external appliances Reasonably foreseeable misuse Operate the product without training by Leica Geosystems or an approved partner Operate the aircraft in a declared No Fly Zone without permission Operate the aircraft without governmental authorisation Use of the product without instruction Use of product as a sole source of information for navigation Use outside of the intended use and limits Disabling/bypassing of safety systems Removal of hazard notices Opening the product using tools, for example a screwdriver, unless this is permitted for certain functions Modification or conversion of the product Use after misappropriation Inadequate safeguards at the working site Use with accessories from other manufacturers without the prior written explicit approval of Leica Geosystems Use of products with recognisable damage or defects Ensure that all parts are in good condition before each flight. DO NOT fly with worn or damaged parts If the pilot disabled the obstacle avoidance limitation, he must manually maintain a safe distance from people, buildings, high-voltage power lines, tall trees, water and other hazards when flying the aircraft. Even the BLK2FLY is rated IP54, flying while raining/snowing is prohibited DO NOT add extra weight to the BLK2FLY DO NOT go near or touch the propellers while they are spinning. It can cause serious injuries DO NOT attach 3-rd party equipment to the BLK2FLY Respect system limitations Disconnect the battery during transportation to avoid damage or injury Information on flight warnings Safety Directions 9 2.3 Risks Related to Operation of a UAV Refer to 2.6 Hazards of Use for details. For example, weather Interferences Human error in handling Operations near people Unauthorised modifications to the BLK2FLY Inattentiveness during flight Injuries 2.4 Environment Limits of Use Suitable for use in an atmosphere appropriate for permanent human habita-

tion. Not suitable for use in aggressive or explosive environments. WARNING Working in hazardous areas, or close to electrical installations or sim-

ilar situations Life Risk. Precautions:

Local safety authorities and safety experts must be contacted by the person responsible for the product before working in such conditions. 2.5 Responsibilities Manufacturer of the product Leica Geosystems AG, CH-9435 Heerbrugg, hereinafter referred to as Leica Geosystems, is responsible for supplying the product, including the User Manual and original accessories, in a safe condition. Person responsible for the product The person responsible for the product has the following duties:

To ensure that the national laws, regulations and conditions for the oper-

ation of the product are respected To understand the safety instructions on the product and the instructions in the User Manual To ensure that it is used in accordance with the instructions To be familiar with local regulations relating to safety and accident pre-

vention To stop operating the system and inform Leica Geosystems immediately if the product and the application become unsafe To be accountable for the training and the deployment of personnel who use the product and for the safety of the equipment in use To ensure that it is allowed to use the product in the planned area of operation To maintain the protection of privacy 2.6 General Hazards of Use The BLK2FLY may only be operated after instruction, training and certification by Leica Geosystems or an approved partner. Despite of all automatic functions and safety technology, the operator is the sole responsible person for the safe flight and the final take-off decision. 10 Safety Directions WLAN interference The BLK2FLY may not carry any WLAN enabled equipment. This restriction includes cellphones or similar devices. Anything operating wirelessly on other frequencies may only be used with the express written consent of Leica Geosystems. If you ignore this warning, any warranty will be void. Fire from overheated parts or batteries The aircraft or parts of it may fall on ground during flight. Precautions:

Make sure to not hit any obstacles while returning to ground. Keep visual contact with the aircraft at all times. Immediately start a landing routine as soon as fire is recognised. Rotating Blades Risk of serious injuries due to cut-off or crushing fingers. Precautions:

Disconnect the battery before working on the blades. Keep away from blades while equipment is in operation. Crash due to a general malfunction Risk of serious injuries and damages because of falling device. Precautions:

Do not fly above humans. Do not fly above dangerous places. Crash due to interfering signals Interfering signals can lead to malfunction of the device. Risk of serious injur-

ies and damages because of falling device. Precautions:

Do not fly in the vicinity of airports, military installations or strong trans-

mitters. To avoid interference, maintain a minimum distance of 5 kilometres from these areas. DANGER DANGER DANGER DANGER Safety Directions 11 DANGER Obviously recognizable damages or defects This may result in adverse effect while flying the aircraft. Aircraft or parts of it may fall down on ground. Precautions:

Make sure the assembly of the aircraft shows no damages. Check every part of the aircraft after any crash or violent impact. If any problems or questions arise, contact your local Leica Geosystems cus-

tomer support. DANGER Critical low batteries Crash landing due to critical low batteries. Risk of serious injuries and dam-

ages because of falling device. To prevent a crash landing due to low bat-

teries, the BLK2FLY starts an automatic descent depending on the current altitude. Once started, this procedure cannot be interrupted. Controlling the position and heading is possible. Precautions:

Always monitor the battery state of charge of the batteries. Respect the warning signals for low batteries. Keep in mind to plan an energy reserve for coming back and landing. Environmental conditions, for example wind, are not taken into account when automatic reserve planning is done. Be aware of, that the diversion from direct flight trajectory due to obstacle avoidance is not taken into account for reserve planning. Crash due to own downwash The device can fly in his own turbulences. Risk of serious injuries and damages because of falling device. Precautions:

Descend in spiral movements or in a zig-zag motion. Be aware of the downwash of the rotor blades when flying near ground. Avoid a straight vertical descent. DANGER DANGER Crash due to weak batteries at low outdoor temperatures At low outdoor temperatures, the batteries cannot provide their full energy. Risk of serious injuries and damages because of falling device. Precautions:

Respect the general limitations. Keep batteries warm before operating the device at low outdoor temper-

atures. Do not fly batteries which are colder than 10 C. Flight time is shortened. 12 Safety Directions DANGER Crash due to overheating motors or electronics At high outdoor temperatures, the motors or parts of the electronics can overheat. Risk of serious injuries and damages because of falling device. Precautions:

Maintain a cool-down phase between flights. Do not store the system in direct sunlight. Respect the general limitations. Shorten your flights at temperatures above 30 C OAT. Land immediately if a temperature warning appears. Mental fatigue of the operator The operation of the BLK2FLY causes considerable mental fatigue. Failure to observe these precautions may cause the operator to lose concentration and lead to a crash landing, accident. Precautions:

Only fly the UAV if you are in good mental condition. Take a rest on a regular base. DANGER DANGER Hazards due to glaring sun The glaring sun can compromise your eyesight and may lead to an accident. Also a permanent view to the sky on a bright day may stress your eyes. Precautions:

Do not fly longer than 2 hours without taking a rest. Always have sun glasses with you, to protect your eyes against the sun-

light. If possible, consider the position of the sun when choosing the position of the operator. Make sure that no glare occurs during the mission. DANGER Fly in restricted area Flying in restricted areas may result in non-compliant behaviour, serious injury and property damage. Precautions:

Keep enough distance to aircraft, including other UAV, regardless of alti-

tude. Avoid flying the aircraft in densely populated areas, including cities, sport-

ing events, exhibitions, performances, and so on. Fly the aircraft only within authorised airspace. Remain well clear of and do not interfere with aircraft, including other UAV, operations. Be aware of and avoid other aircraft and obstacles at all times. Safety Directions 13 DANGER Unplanned start of the motors Sudden start of propellers while working close at the UAV may lead to serious injuries. Precautions:

Avoid touching areas near propellers when UAV is powered. Block Apple iPad screen when not intended to fly or manage BLK2FLY. WARNING Adverse weather condition Crash landing due to adverse weather conditions Precautions:

Do not use the aircraft in adverse weather conditions including rain, snow, fog and wind speeds exceeding 12 m/s. Expect stronger winds and turbulence when operating close to the objects. WARNING Overheating Batteries Risk of explosion or fire. Precautions:

Protect batteries against high temperatures. Always use the provided battery charger. WARNING Short circuit of battery terminals Risk of fire, electric shock and damage. Precautions:

Do not open the battery housing. Keep away any metallic or wet objects from the battery terminals. WARNING Hazards due to obstacles in the environment During flight operations, there is a danger of accidents occurring if the user does not pay attention to the surrounding environment including both, the airspace and the ground space of the operating area. Precautions:

Take extra care when changing your position while operating the product. A trained and briefed observer is always recommended to assist the oper-

ator with environment monitoring. 14 Safety Directions WARNING Improper disposal of product If the product is improperly disposed of, the following can happen:

If polymer parts are burnt, poisonous gases are produced which may impair health. If batteries are damaged or are heated strongly, they can explode and cause poisoning, burning, corrosion or environmental contamination. By disposing of the product irresponsibly you may enable unauthorised persons to use it in contravention of the regulations, exposing themselves and third parties to the risk of severe injury and rendering the environ-

ment liable to contamination. The product must not be disposed with household waste. Dispose of the product appropriately in accordance with the national regulations in force in your country. Always prevent access to the product by unauthorised personnel. Precautions:

WARNING Use of product with radio devices Electromagnetic fields can cause disturbances in other equipment, in installa-

tions, in medical devices, for example pacemakers or hearing aids. It can also affect humans and animals. Precautions:

Although the product meets the strict regulations and standards which are in force in this respect, Leica Geosystems cannot completely exclude the possibility that other equipment can be disturbed or that humans or animals can be affected. Do not operate the product with radio devices in the vicinity of filling stations or chemical installations, or in other areas where an explosion hazard exists. Do not operate the product with radiodevices near to medical equipment. WARNING Sensors may provide wrong data If the environmental information is inconsistent or not comprehensive, mal-

function may occur. The functionality of some Safety Features relies on the information of one or more of the following sensors: Pressure Sensor, Ultra-

sonic Sensor, GNSS receiver, Magnetic Compass. Precautions:

Be aware that sensors may provide wrong data and always be ready to take over manual control. Always keep aircraft within visual line of sight. Safety Directions 15 CAUTION Wet equipment Operating wet equipment leads to damage or malfunction of the instrument. Precautions:

Do not power on the BLK2FLY system during cleaning and drying process. Do not connect power cables to the power source. If the equipment becomes wet, leave it unpacked. Move it to an environment with low humidity. Dry wet components, the container, the foam inserts and the accessories at a temperature not greater than +40 C/+104 F and clean them thor-

oughly. Do not repack until everything is dry. Electric shock from electrostatic discharge Risk from lightning exists while working during thunderstorm conditions. The aircraft may get electrostatic charged during flight. As a result electrostatic discharge may occure when touching the aircraft on ground. Precautions:

Never fly during thunderstorm conditions. Land aircraft as soon as possible if sudden thunderstorm conditions appear. NOTICE NOTICE Misted optics Due to sudden temperature differences it may happen that humidity is built up on the optics. This results in misted view. Precautions:

Make sure there was sufficient time for the equipment to reach ambient temperature before the mission starts. Perform visual inspection of optics before the flight. 2.7 Description Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) The term Electromagnetic Compatibility is taken to mean the capability of the product to function smoothly in an environment where electromagnetic radiation and electrostatic discharges are present, and without causing elec-

tromagnetic disturbances to other equipment. WARNING Electromagnetic radiation Electromagnetic radiation can cause disturbances in other equipment. Precautions:

Although the product meets the strict regulations and standards which are in force in this respect, Leica Geosystems cannot completely exclude the possibility that other equipment may be disturbed. 16 Safety Directions CAUTION Use of the product with accessories from other manufacturers. For example, field computers, personal computers or other electronic equipment, non-standard cables or external batteries This may cause disturbances in other equipment. Precautions:

Use only the equipment and accessories recommended by Leica Geosystems. When combined with the product, other accessories must meet the strict requirements stipulated by the guidelines and standards. When using computers, two-way radios or other electronic equipment, pay attention to the information about electromagnetic compatibility provided by the manufacturer. CAUTION Intense electromagnetic radiation. For example, near radio transmit-

ters, transponders, two-way radios or diesel generators Although the product meets the strict regulations and standards which are in force in this respect, Leica Geosystems cannot completely exclude the possib-

ility that the function of the product may be disturbed in such an electromag-

netic environment. Precautions:

Check the plausibility of results obtained under these conditions. Use of product with radio or digital cellular phone devices Electromagnetic fields can cause disturbances in other equipment, installa-

tions, medical devices, for example pacemakers or hearing aids, and aircrafts. Electromagnetic fields can also affect humans and animals. Precautions:

Although the product meets the strict regulations and standards which are in force in this respect, Leica Geosystems cannot completely exclude the possibility that other equipment can be disturbed or that humans or animals can be affected. Do not operate the product with radio or digital cellular phone devices in the vicinity of filling stations or chemical installations, or in other areas where an explosion hazard exists. Do not operate the product with radio or digital cellular phone devices Do not operate the product with radio or digital cellular phone devices in near medical equipment. aircrafts. Do not operate the product with radio or digital cellular phone devices for long periods with the product immediately next to your body. Radios or digital cel-

lular phones WARNING Safety Directions 17 2.8 General Scanning Laser The laser incorporated in the product produces an invisible beam which emerges from the rotating mirror. The laser product described in this section is classified as laser class 1 in accordance with:

IEC 60825-1 (2014-05): Safety of laser products These products are safe under reasonably foreseeable conditions of operation and are not harmful to the eyes provided that the products are used and maintained in accordance with this User Manual. Description Wavelength Maximum pulse energy Pulse duration Mirror rotation Base rotation Pulse repetition frequency (PRF) 1.64 MHz Beam divergence (FWHM, full angle) 0.5 mrad Value 830 nm 9 nJ 3 ns 100 Hz 2.5 Hz 2.9 Laser Classification Laser products and location of laser apertures Laser product Laser class Classification EDM, Electronic Distance Measurement Class 1 IEC 60825-1:2014 a b Laser beam Scanning laser beam 18 Safety Directions 23372_00100036036090baa454545 3 Overview Regulatory Situation UAV pilots/operators are responsible to comply with local regulations and to obtain necessary approvals from authorities and/or land owners It is the sole responsibility of the user who operates the aircraft to provide for correct operator registration and compliance of the legal regu-

lations for the system at the location of the flight execution. It is the sole responsibility of the user who operates the aircraft to have an appropriate license. It is the sole responsibility of the user who operates the aircraft to comply with all applicable laws. Leica is not responsible where and when the aircraft is operated. It is the sole responsibility of the user. The cameras installed on the BLK2FLY record images during flight. As these images might have privacy implications, the operator is responsible for checking that they do not violate privacy laws. The legal use of the following system components must be checked before flight execution:

In order to fly the UAV, pilots/operators may need to register the UAV with the local Civil Aviation Authority and may have to comply with Remote ID requirements and all applicable laws Leica is strongly recommending to check the following links:

Do not endanger other people or traffic and do not fly over people or traffic without a specific authorisation Do not invade the privacy of people during the flight and avoid flights where uninvolved people might feel their privacy invaded Stay within the operational limitations of the UAV EASA: EASA - UAV Information Notices FAA: https://www.faa.gov/uas/getting_started/

Transport Canada: https://tc.canada.ca/en/aviation/drone-safety CAA UK: https://caa.co.uk/drones BLK2FLY Apple iPad Video Transmitter Interface for telemetry data Regulatory Situation 19 4 4.1 Product Overview BLK2FLY Hardware Top view Main components of the BLK2FLY hardware LTE antenna: Diversity 3D LiDAR: Mapping, obstacle avoidance Side camera: SLAM, mapping, user Live View a b c d WLAN antenna e f g h i j k l Side radar: Side obstacle perception Rear radar: Rear obstacle perception Front camera: SLAM, mapping, user Live View Top camera: SLAM, mapping, user Live View GNSS antenna Power: ON. To turn the BLK2FLY off, remove battery Battery: Smart Battery GEB374, hot-swap (< 10 s) LTE antenna: Main Hot-swap Bottom view The BLK2FLY is switched on. Swap a used battery against a charged battery within < 10 s without the need of rebooting the BLK2FLY. a Bottom camera: SLAM, mapping, user Live View Folding joint: Compact transportation b c Motor and 10 propeller: Producing lift d e Landing gear, 4 Time-of-Flight sensor: Distance to ground 20 Product Overview 22344_003hilfedabdgecjkc22345_003cdbbae Interfaces BLK2FLY, position LED a b USB Type-C connector: Flight data transfer SIM card: LTE communication a b Rear position LED red Front position LED green 4.2 BLK2FLY Connectivity Description Schematic overview Product Overview 21 23347_001ab23492_001abbaAirspaceInformationProviderUTM22346_003_enInternalStorage256GBSIM CardUSB3.1GNSSLTEWLANBLEApple iPadVideo StreamControl LinkPairing & Control LinkControl Link (Fallback)HxGN SmartNet,general NRTK providerCorrection Data(Fastest)Data Offload(Fastest)Data OffloadData Offload(Slower)Data OffloadHxDRNational Airspace AuthorityLocal AuthoritiesLaw Enforcement(No Charging)Power(F(Fa(FaDaDat Type Details Apple iPad BLE WLAN LTE HxDR USB 3.1 Airspace Information Provider Easy and fast pairing between BLK2FLY and Apple iPad Video streaming, Live View on the Apple iPad Control link to navigate the BLK2FLY Control link (fallback) in case communication by WLAN gets interrupted Communication with airspace information provider Easy and fast pairing between BLK2FLY and Apple iPad Video streaming, Live View on the Apple iPad Control link to navigate the BLK2FLY by the Apple iPad Data offload from the BLK2FLY to the HxDR (hxdr.com) Control link (fallback) - in case communication by WLAN gets interrupted Receives correction data from the HxGN SmartNet or any other NRTK provider for the GNSS. RTK positioning in

[cm]-resolution results Receives data by direct upload either by WLAN and/or LTE and/or computer. Refer to hxdr.com for more information Offline data upload from BLK2FLY to computer Powering BLK2FLY without inserted battery for longer wireless offload periods For example: AIRMAP is a UTM provider. These providers inter-

face with National Agencies and provide data. Display permitted airspace Display No-Fly zones Actively restrict users. Take off is not prevented, but information is provided on where it is permitted to fly or where it is not permitted The Airspace Information Provider also offers the Network Remote ID requirement. In future, it will be possible to publish the position of the UAV through the Internet. SIM Card SIM card must not have a SIM lock. Remove SIM lock by using for example a mobile phone before usage with BLK2FLY. Internal Storage 256 GB 5.5 h of data recording 4.3 BLK2FLY Live BLK2FLY Software Install this application on the Apple iPad to control the BLK2FLY. Refer to 7 Description of the Application, Mission Planning for more information. Apple App store BLK2FLY Live app can only be updated over the Apple App store. 22 Product Overview 4.4 Accessories Type Ordering number Detail Single charger Leica GKL352 921 167 Multi-charger, available in 2022 889 087 Charge up to five batteries sim-

ultaneously. The information/control of the battery is done by the BLK2FLY Live app:

Charging state Notification once the bat-

tery is fully charged Option to automatically discharge to 60% for stor-

age purpose Smart Battery GEB374 898 972 Capacity < 99.9 Wh LiPo (Lithium-Ion-Polymer) Hardcase Trolley 938 387 Carries following items:

BLK2FLY Apple iPad Multi-charger Up to five batteries Product Overview 23 Type Ordering number Detail Apple iPad Not sold by Leica Apple iPad with LTE sup-

port The BLK2FLY can only be flown with the Apple iPad. 24 Product Overview 5 Description of Manufacturer We, Leica Geosystems AG, as the manufacturer of the BLK2FLY are designing and verifying our products against all technical and legal aspects. We have a proper process management in place acc. ISO9001 and this contains a well-documented and implemented innovation process. This process follows the best practices from all industries and has also certain milestone gates to ensure the safety and compliance of our products throughout all life phases. Description of Manufacturer 25 6 6.1 6.2 Overview Description of the BLK2FLY Performance Characteristics Refer to Flight performance for details. Control of the BLK2FLY The application BLK2FLY Live, installed on the Apple iPad, is the only way to remote control the BLK2FLY. There is no hardware remote control with mechanical joysticks similar to other UAV. Refer to 7 Description of the Application, Mission Planning for more details. This application must be installed on an Apple iPad. To install, download the application from the iOS App-Store. 6.3 Operational Limitations Exceeding certain operational conditions can be dangerous. 6.3.1 Meteorological Conditions Follow these conditions when flying the BLK2FLY:

Do not use the aircraft in adverse weather conditions including rain, snow, fog, icing conditions, hail and wind speeds exceeding 12 m/s Aircraft and battery performance are subject to environmental factors such as air density and temperature. Flying at an altitude above 1800 m above sea level is not supported 6.3.2 Day/Night Operations Flying in the dark is not permitted. The BLK2FLY can only fly under normal daylight conditions. Since it navigates visually, it does not work at night or in other low-light conditions. 6.3.3 Environmental Considerations A very high degree of caution is required with a high level of risk when flying in areas with high levels of electromagnetism, including mobile phone base stations and radio transmission towers and electrical utility substations. NOTICE Avoid flying near obstacles, individuals and crowds, high voltage power lines, trees and bodies of water. 6.4 Description of Lights Following LED can be identified at the BLK2FLY:

BLK2FLY ring-shaped LED indficating operation states. Refer to 6.4.1 Instrument Status for details BLK2FLY position LED. Refer to BLK2FLY,position LED for details Smart Battery GEB374 status LED. Refer to 6.4.2 Smart Battery GEB374 for details 26 Description of the BLK2FLY 6.4.1 Instrument Status LiDAR light guide The ring-shaped LED lights up in different colours and lighting intervals to show the operation states of the BLK2FLY. Description Colours Lighting intervals Details Green Yellow Red Blue Continuous/static Fade in/fade out Blinking Pulsating Wing light guide The wing LEDs, position lights, light up to show the operation states of the BLK2FLY and indicate the orientation of the UAV in air. Description Colours Lighting intervals Details Green: Front LED Red: Rear LED Continuous/static Fade in/fade out Blinking Pulsating Description of the BLK2FLY 27 22342_00123983_001 Operation mode BLK2FLY battery powered State/action LiDAR light guide Wing light guides The BLK2FLY is off. None. None. Booting up. Fade in to 100% bright-

ness, then 0.5 Hz pulsating 100% / 10%

brightness during boot up Yellow Alternate between 2 Hz blinking and 1 s pause 100% / 0% brightness Blue 2 Hz blinking for 2 s 100% / 0% brightness Green 0.5 Hz pulsating 40% /

10% brightness during boot up. Static, 40% brightness. Static, 40% brightness. Pairing mode. Waiting for connection. Pairing mode. Pairing successful. Idle. The BLK2FLY is not ready to take-off. Pos-

sible reasons: Can be high tilt or wings not being unfolded com-

pletely. Prepare for take-off. While pressing take-off button. Take-off abort. Idle. On ground. The BLK2FLY is ready. Static, 100% brightness Green Static, 40% brightness. Static, 100% brightness Yellow Static, 40% brightness. 2 Hz blinking 100% / 0%

brightness Yellow Static, 100% brightness Green Fade from current brightness to 100%

brightness (+40%/s). Fade from current brightness to 40%

brightness (40%/s). Free flight. Static, 100% brightness Green Static, 100% bright-

ness. Recording data. Inde-

pendent on flight mode. 0.5 Hz pulsating 100% /

10% brightness Green Just displays the current active flight mode. If recording data dur-

ing manual flying is act-

ive, it displays the free flight pattern. If record-

ing during an auto-

mated scan mission is active, it shows the scan mission wing LED pattern. 2 Hz pulsating reciproc-

ally with both sectors 100% / 40% brightness. Automated flight/scan mission. N/A idle pattern if not recording data. Automated landing. Final, vertical part. 2 Hz blinking 100% / 0%

brightness Yellow 2 Hz blinking 100% / 0%

brightness. 28 Description of the BLK2FLY State/action LiDAR light guide Wing light guides Hot-swap the Smart Battery GEB374. Turned off. 1 Hz pulsating 100% /

20% brightness Colour depending on time passed since removing battery 03 s Green 36 s Yellow

> 6 s Red 1 Hz blinking 100% / 0%

brightness Red 1 Hz blinking 20% / 5%

brightness. Error, critical prob-

lem or major fail-

ure. Contact a Leica Geosystems authorised Service Centre for fur-

ther investigation. Mag calibration State/action Keep rotating. LiDAR light guide Wing light guides 0.5 Hz pulsating 100% /

10% brightness Green 0.5 Hz pulsating. Next step/wrong direc-

tion. 2 Hz blinking 100% / 0%

brightness Yellow 2 Hz blinking. Rotating too fast. 0.5 Hz pulsating. Finished calibration. 2 Hz blinking for 10 s. 0.5 Hz pulsating 100% /

10% brightness Yellow 2 Hz blinking for 10 s 100% / 0% brightness Green BLK2FLY USB-C powered State/action LiDAR light guide Wing light guides USB Type-C connector cable plugged in, boot-

ing up. Idle. File sync in progress. Fade in to 100% bright-

ness, then 0.5 Hz pulsating 100% / 10%

brightness during boot up Yellow Static, 100% brightness Green 0.3 Hz pulsating 100% /

10% brightness Yellow Turned off. Turned off. Turned off. Power not sufficient. For example: USB 2.0 1 Hz blinking 100% / 0%

brightness Red Turned off. Description of the BLK2FLY 29 6.4.2 Smart Battery GEB374 Smart Battery GEB374, LED description 6.5 6.6 6.7 Overview In case of an error, refer to the Leica GKL352 User Manual Description of Data Link Refer to chapter 4.2 BLK2FLY Connectivity. Safety Features Most errors in BLK2FLY operations are human errors. Refer to 2.6 Hazards of Use for details. Obstacle Avoidance Obstacle avoidance coverage works 360 around the BLK2FLY combining LiDAR and radar data. Obstacle avoidance avoids obstacles that are not in motion. If obstacles like cars, boats, balls, animals, other UAV, other people, or similar are moving, they are not actively avoided. The BLK2FLY cannot see certain visually challenging obstacles. 30 Description of the BLK2FLY 23484_001LED1LED6LED5LED4LED3LED2LED790-100%60-75%45-60%30-45%15-30%0-15%Error75-90%

Do not fly around thin branches, telephone or power lines, ropes, netting, wires, chain link fencing or other objects less than 5 mm in diameter Radar does not reliably detect very thin objects like cardboard or small tree branches. It might miss glossy, transparent or dark surfaces 6.8 6.9 List of possible hazards Payload No additional payloads are allowed on the BLK2FLY. Hazard Assessment Unintentional propeller start Safety risk Mitigations Possible effects/

consequences Moderate injuries, BLK2FLY damage. Lock the screen of Apple iPad when operating While BLK2FLY is ON, avoid touching areas near propellers Injury due to acci-

dental/unplanned pro-

peller start while per-

forming direct proced-

ure (battery change). Battery Fire Safety risk Possible effects/

consequences Mitigations Battery gets fire while charging. Property fire dam-

age. Only charge using Leica BLK2FLY charger Never leave charging batteries unattended Use LiPo safety con-

tainer/bag when char-

ging Appropriate fire safety equipment in charging area Emergency procedures are defined and set Use LiPo safety con-

tainer/bag when accept-

able Appropriate fire safety equipment is accessible Emergency procedures are defined and set Fire safety equipment is in place Avoid flying over hazard-

ous areas Utilise geofence Emergency procedures are defined and set Battery gets fire dur-

ing exchange/transport-

ation. Property fire dam-

age. Post-crash battery fire. Property fire damage, environ-

mental damage. Description of the BLK2FLY 31 Battery Failure Safety risk Battery overheat. Possible effects/

consequences Mitigations Battery break down. Excess of obstacle avoidance limitations Safety risk Possible effects/

consequences Mitigations Moving objects or dynamic objects in fly-

ing area. Emergency landing Surrounding property dam-

age Injury of unin-

volved sur-

rounding per-

sons Surrounding property dam-

age Injury of unin-

volved sur-

rounding per-

sons Property dam-

age Injury of involved per-

son Battery temperature is kept within acceptable limits before and during flight Avoid overflying people and sensitive areas Battery maintenance and correct use Flying area isolated of potential dynamic objects coming in and moving in or in flying area Use geofence to pre-

vent overflying poten-

tially hazardous areas Be ready to take over manual control and move BLK2FLY away from obstacle Unrecognised obstacle, not detected by sensors, for example cables < 5 mm Property dam-

age Injury of unin-

volved sur-

rounding per-

sons Area is checked for any potential objects which can exceed sensor limit-

ations Area isolated from unin-

volved persons Bird strike Safety risk Bird flock. Possible effects/

consequences Mitigations Abort flying if increased bird activity is noticed Take over manual con-

trol to avoid collision 32 Description of the BLK2FLY Loss of control. Visual navigation failure Possible effects/

consequences Mitigations Safety risk Overflying reflective surfaces, moving objects. Automatic navigation failure Safety risk Possible effects/

consequences Mitigations Property dam-

age Injury of unin-

volved sur-

rounding per-

sons Collision with surrounding objects or people Lose position control due to lack of stable visual ground information Avoid overflying reflect-

ive surfaces, moving objects Do not overfly/fly near people or sensitive (fra-

gile) property Use flight termination button when safe to do so Change to manual mode and land BLK2FLY manu-

ally Do not fly in dark envir-

onments When flying in manual mode, always have obstacle avoidance turned on In automatic mode, obstacle avoidance is always enabled auto-

matically Check in 3D View while hov-

ering in front of the facade for > 2 sec before planning the surface scan. Always have obstacle avoid-

ance turned on. Property dam-

age Injury of unin-

volved sur-

rounding per-

sons Flight path is not computed correctly If obstacle avoidance is turned off, it could lead to a collision Property dam-

age Injury of unin-

volved sur-

rounding per-

sons Property dam-

age Intrusion of restricted area Be able to control air-

craft in manual Altitude mode Use flight termination button when safe to do so Flying with disabled obstacle avoidance close to objects. Only possible in manual mode). Plan a surface scan without enough LiDAR measurements of the surface. Flying with obstacle avoidance turned off, close to objects. Switch to Altitude mode control and slowly drifting. Description of the BLK2FLY 33 Take-off failure Safety risk Flying w/o GNSS pos BLK2FLY crash landing after take-off. Not detected broken propeller or engine. Hardware failure of the BLK2FLY. For example engine breakdown. Possible effects/

consequences Mitigations Without GNSS pos, obstacle avoidance isn`t working. This is no usecase. Flying w/o GNSS is not supported. BLK2FLY crash landing after take-off Injury of unin-

volved/

involved sur-

rounding per-

sons Property dam-

age Injury of unin-

volved/

involved sur-

rounding per-

sons Property dam-

age Injury of unin-

volved/

involved sur-

rounding per-

sons Area around take-off within 4 m radius point is free of any involved/

uninvolved people and objects Take-off only from suit-

able area On time maintenance Pre flight checks and procedures Avoid overflying people and sensitive areas On time maintenance Pre flight checks and procedures Avoid overflying people and sensitive areas RTH autoland landing failure Safety risk Possible effects/

consequences Mitigations People or objects moved into landing area. Changing the landing position from return to launch to return to pilot without carefully check-

ing the landing area. Property dam-

age Injury of unin-

volved/

involved sur-

rounding per-

sons Area is clear of people and objects within 4 m of take-off area Use nudging to adjust landing position Take over manual con-

trol and adjust position before landing 34 Description of the BLK2FLY Obstacle on the RTH path Safety risk Landing in unsafe loca-

tions. Possible effects/

consequences Mitigations Property dam-

age Injury of unin-

volved/

involved sur-

rounding per-

sons Check the environment of measured object Monitor RTH and be able to take over at any time Always fly with obstacle avoidance activated If a high number of obstacles is expected on RTH trajectory, manually execute RTH in advance. Airframe integrity failure Safety risk BLK2FLY crashing due evolving damage of air-

frame. Possible effects/

consequences Mitigations On time maintenance Pre flight checks and procedures Avoid overflying people and sensitive areas Excess of environmental limits Safety risk Possible effects/

consequences Mitigations Flying in rain or starting rain during a flight. Do not use the BLK2FLY in rain Immediately land BLK2FLY when rain is incipienting Property dam-

age Injury of unin-

volved/

involved sur-

rounding per-

sons Property dam-

age Injury of unin-

volved/

involved sur-

rounding per-

sons Possible crash of BLK2FLY Description of the BLK2FLY 35 Environmental conditions Safety risk Flying at too high wind speeds. Possible effects/

consequences Mitigations Avoid flying beyond set wind limitations If increased unstability of BLK2FLY is noticed, abort/postpone flying until conditions normal-

ised Slow drift away from desired loca-

tion Collision with potential property dam-

age or injury of surround-

ing persons 36 Description of the BLK2FLY 7 7.1 Description Description of the Application, Mission Planning Start Up Screens The following step table gives an overview on starting the BLK2FLY Live app. Moreover, it shows which menus appear. Start the BLK2FLY Live app from the tablet. Pairing between the BLK2FLY and the BLK2FLY Live app. Refer to 7.2 Pairing for a detailed description. CONNECTED appears after suc-

cessful connection. The menu WELCOME is shown. Refer to the following links for more information:

7.6.4 Project Browser Screen 7.6.5 AIRSPACE INFORMA-

TION Screen 7.6.1 Live View Screen User Manual 7.2 Menu Pairing Pairing Tap on one of the main menus or open the hamburger menu on the top left for more options. Refer to 7.6 Hamburger Menu for more details. After log in the Apple iPad must connect with the BLK2FLY for communication. There are two options:

Connection to the BLK2FLY happens for the first time: Pairing task starts. Refer to Pairing BLK2FLY with BLK2FLY Live app to follow the step-by-step description. Connection between Apple iPad and BLK2FLY was established before: The app BLK2FLY Live tries to connect to already known devices. Refer to Pairing again to known devices for details. Pairing BLK2FLY with BLK2FLY Live app Install the BLK2FLY Live app. Accept all preconditions like allowing Bluetooth or iPad location. Put a charged battery into BLK2FLY. Tap and hold the power button until the LED colour ring and battery LED start blinking blue. Start the BLK2FLY Live app. Description of the Application, Mission Planning 37 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. The app searches for BLK2FLY devices which are cur-

rently in pairing mode. After a few seconds, it jumps to the next screen. Do not tap

. Otherwise the search is aborted. Listed are all detected BLK2FLY which are currently in paring mode. But BLK2FLY Live app will automatically connect to the BLK2FLY that was used the last time if available. To change to a different BLK2FLY, repeat the pairing process. If no BLK2FLY appears in the list, make sure BLK2FLY is in pairing mode (blue light). Tap to repeat the search. Tap on the desired BLK2FLY device in the list. Join the network of the selected BLK2FLY. Wait until pairing is successful. BLK2FLY is now ready to be used. After this procedure, the app knows the credentials of the paired BLK2FLY. If the app is closed and restarted, it tries to connect auto-

matically to the paired BLK2FLY. For successful connection, BLK2FLY must be turned on. Pairing again to known devices After successful LOGIN, the pairing starts. 1. The Apple iPad is connecting with the BLK2FLY. 2. The Apple iPad is connected with the BLK2FLY. After successful pairing, the WELCOME menu automatically opens. Refer to 7.3 Menu WELCOME for details. Communication between BLK2FLY and Apple iPad is only enabled once the pairing is successful completed. 38 Description of the Application, Mission Planning 7.3 Description Menu WELCOME After successful LOGIN and pairing with the BLK2FLY the menu WELCOME is shown. a b c d e Hamburger menu. Refer to 7.6 Hamburger Menu for details PROJECT BROWSER:

Open this menu optionally direct from the hamburger menu. Refer to 7.6.4 Project Browser Screen for details AIRSPACE INFORMATION:

Open this menu optionally direct from the hamburger menu. Refer to 7.6.5 AIRSPACE INFORMATION Screen for details Start Scanning:

Open this menu optionally direct from the hamburger menu. Refer to 7.6.1 Live View Screen for details User Manual:

Tap to open the digital version of the BLK2FLY User Manual. Search func-

tionality given Description of the Application, Mission Planning 39 a23349_002_enbcde 7.4 Description Status Bar a b c d FLIGHT STATUS STORAGE REMAINING CONNECTIVITY status BLK2FLY BATTERY status Detailed description e Warning f Tap to reduce/maximise the status bar Reduced status bar g Menu Description FLIGHT STATUS Shows ground speed and relative altitude. STORAGE REMAINING CONNECTIVITY BLK2FLY BATTERY Warning Data Recording Time. Storage remaining in hh:mm. Number of GNSS satellites tracked. WLAN connection signal strength to tablet. LTE network signal strength. The bar shows the residual capacity of the battery. As the battery State of Charge (SoC) decreases, the bar becomes shorter. Green bar used up: A low battery warn-

ing is initiated. The aircraft automatically activates RTH due to low battery life. Yellow bar is used up: A critical battery warning is initiated. The aircraft lands in its current position. Pilot can control horizontal position and yaw. Summary of all given and past notifications and flight restrictions. 40 Description of the Application, Mission Planning c23612_001_enabdefg 7.5 Icons Description Use this list of icons for reference when operating the software. Icon Description Hamburger menu. Obstacle avoidance turned off. A warning appears before finally turned off. Obstacle avoidance activated. Timer. Shows the time elapsed when recording. Off On Return to launch. Land in place. Return to user. Delete Accept Description of the Application, Mission Planning 41 Icon Description Start scan mission. Cancel Exit Next Repeat search for UAV while pairing. The fencing set up is deactivated. The fencing set up is activated. Warning System Warning. AIRSPACE INFORMATION. 42 Description of the Application, Mission Planning Tap the icon to show the slider. If the slider is used, the motors of the BLK2FLY immediately turn off. Icon Description Add surface/area to scan. Emergency off switch. Pause Cancel Ok Live View selected. Map 2D View selected. 3D View selected. Manual Recording. Surface Recording. Description of the Application, Mission Planning 43 Icon Description Area Recording. Centre the UAV in the screen. Toggle layer map. Restriction info. Flight restriction info. 3D View unlocked. 3D View locked. Set back to default value. Edit UAV flying speed. UAV flying height. Storage remaining. 44 Description of the Application, Mission Planning Icon Description Number of satellites connected. WLAN - full signal. WLAN - half signal. WLAN - UAV no signal. LTE - full signal. LTE - half signal. LTE - no signal. RTK active. RTK inactive. RTK active with warning. Battery status. Full. Connection lost. Description of the Application, Mission Planning 45 Icon Description Tap/hold the take-off button for > 3 s. The BLK2FLY starts and hovers at 1 m 46 Description of the Application, Mission Planning 7.6 Description Hamburger Menu Tap the hamburger icon opens the side menu. The hamburger menu is access-

ible from every menu. The position is always top/left. a Live View. Refer to 7.6.1 Live View Screen for more details 3D View. Refer to 7.6.2 3D View Screen for more details b c Map View. Refer to 7.6.3 Map View Screen for more details d e Project Browser. Refer to 7.6.4 Project Browser Screen for more details Airspace Information. Refer to 7.6.5 AIRSPACE INFORMATION Screen for more details Battery Management. Refer to 7.6.6 Battery Management Screen for more details Settings. Refer to 7.6.7 Settings Screen for more details Support. Refer to 7.6.8 Support Screen for more details g h f Description of the Application, Mission Planning 47 7.6.1 Description Live View Screen Hamburger menu. Refer to 7.6 Hamburger Menu for details a Status bar. Refer to 7.4 Status Bar for details b c NOTIFICATIONS and/or Flight Restrictions d e Emergency off switch Tap to open the ADD A NEW SCAN menu. Refer to 7.7 Scan Modes for details. Toggle between Map View, 3D View and Live View Joystick control for the BLK2FLY Tap to return to launch. Define return behaviour under Settings Flight Return behaviour. Refer to 7.6.7.4 Flight Screen for details1) f g h Navigate the BLK2FLY Show the current live view of the BLK2FLY Position the BLK2FLY to have the object of interest in view Single tap on the screen to centre the view on the defined point Open the ADD A NEW SCAN menu Manual control the BLK2FLY using the virtual joysticks Options Zooming in this view flies the BLK2FLY to a new position to be able to show the area of interest. Digital zoom is only possible in 3D View. 1) By holding the button for 2 sec, it is possible to define the return behavior manually. 48 Description of the Application, Mission Planning e23611_002_enabifggdhc 7.6.2 Description 3D View Screen This screen shows a visualisation of the onboard map in real-time. This voxel-

ized map does not represent the current data being captured. a b c d e f g h Hamburger menu. Refer to 7.6 Hamburger Menu for details Virtual joysticks Emergency off switch Tap to open the ADD A NEW SCAN menu Toggle between Map View, 3D View and Live View Obstacle avoidance button Centre button Tap to return to launch. Return behaviour can be defined under Settings Flight Return behaviour. Refer to 7.6.7.4 Flight Screen for details2) Description of the keys Menu Virtual joysticks Obstacle avoidance Description Appear when touching the vertical centre at the very left/right edge of the screen. Obstacle avoidance can be turned off. A warning appears before finally turned off. 2) By holding the button for 2 sec, it is possible to define the return behavior manually. Description of the Application, Mission Planning 49 ad23386_00123374_002_enbgfhecb Menu Centre button Description Centres view on BLK2FLY Live app:

Short tap centres for the current loca-

tion of BLK2FLY, but won`t keep centred on BLK2FLY Long tap, button turns white and view will always centre on the BLK2FLY, even location is changed. A longpress again, turns off this beha-

viour. 50 Description of the Application, Mission Planning 7.6.3 Description Map View Screen Easily locate the BLK2FLY on the map Show flight advisories and rulesets Define a permitted flight area, so called fence. This fence supports the pilot to fly with the BLK2FLY only in the permitted area. Hamburger menu. Refer to 7.6 Hamburger Menu for details Fencing button. Refer to 8.2.2 Fencing for more details AIRSPACE INFORMATION button Position and orientation of the BLK2FLY Tap to open the ADD A NEW SCAN menu Toggle between Map View, 3D View and Live View a b c d e f g Map type button h i View Center button Tap to return to launch. Return behaviour can be defined under Settings Flight Return behaviour. Refer to 7.6 Hamburger Menu for details Description of the Application, Mission Planning 51 adcb23375_001_enefghi 7.6.4 Description Project Browser Screen Open this screen optionally direct from the menu WELCOME. Use this screen to manage projects. PROJECTS screen a b c d e f g h Hamburger menu. Refer to 7.6 Hamburger Menu for details Add new project to the existing project list Given projects. Active project is highlighted. Adds new scan to the active project Edit the name of the project. Example: TEST18032021 Delete the selected project. Example: TEST18032021 Scans and collections Select sorting criteria for given scans. Either by time or name 52 Description of the Application, Mission Planning ahgfedc23361_001_enb 7.6.5 Description AIRSPACE INFORMATION Screen ADVISORIES: Rulesets for current airspace RULESETS: Rulesets for the country where flying the BLK2FLY AIRSPACE INFORMATION can be checked in the Map View or in the AIRSPACE INFORMATION screen. Flight restrictions on location a b c AIRSPACE INFORMATION. Tap, to show/hide the restrictions overlay. As well valid for official no-fly zones. Help text for active selection on overlay. Location, where the advisories and rule sets are valid for. Description of the Application, Mission Planning 53 acb23376_001_en Flight restrictions on map a Help text for active selection on overlay. 54 Description of the Application, Mission Planning a23660_001_en 7.6.6 Description Battery Management Screen This screen gives an overview of the Smart Battery GEB374 installed in the BLK2FLY. a b Name of the BLK2FLY Predefined charge levels for ref-

erence c Battery info Detailed description Type Description Predefined charge levels for reference READY \nTO FLY = 100%

SAFE FOR \nSTORAGE = 60%

SAFE FOR \nTRANSPORT = 30%

Battery info Current information on the battery Description of the Application, Mission Planning 55 23377_001_enbca 7.6.7 Settings Screen Description Use this screen to check/set up settings of the BLK2FLY Live app and BLK2FLY. a Hamburger menu. Refer to 7.6 Hamburger Menu for details b Profile c Name d e f Scanning Flight About Detailed description Type Profile Name Scanning Flight About Description Refer to 7.6.7.1 Profile Screen for details. Refer to 7.6.7.2 BLK2FLY Screen for details. Refer to 7.6.7.3 Scanning Screen for details. Refer to 7.6.7.4 Flight Screen for details. Information on used open source libraries. 56 Description of the Application, Mission Planning a23866_001_enbcdef 7.6.7.1 Profile Screen Description Use this screen to manage the profile of the current logged on operator. a Hamburger menu. Refer to 7.6 Hamburger Menu for details b c Sign In Forgot Password Detailed description Type Sign In Description Sign in to HxDR Leica Geosystems network. Refer to Sign In entry mask for details. Forgot Password Redirect to webpage hxdr.app/pw-recovery to request new password. Sign In entry mask a Username and password to log in Description of the Application, Mission Planning 57 a23386_001_enbc23387_002_ena 7.6.7.2 BLK2FLY Screen Description Use this screen to configure, calibrate and update the BLK2FLY. BLK2FLY connection status a b Name c serial number d WLAN Connection LTE Connection e f g h i j SmartNet/NRTK Configuration Remote ID Calibration Firmware Unpair Detailed description Type BLK2FLY connection status Description Connected Not connected Searching Name Menu to edit the name of the BLK2FLY. serial number Displays the serial number of the BLK2FLY. WLAN Connection Tap to configure WLAN connection for data trans-

fer. Refer to BLK2FLY WLAN Connection screen for details. LTE Connection Tap to configure LTE connection. Refer to BLK2FLY LTE Connection screen for details. SmartNet/NRTK Con-

figuration Tap to configure access for the NRTK provider. Refer to SmartNet/NRTK Configuration screen for details. Remote ID Calibration Tap to edit the operator number. Refer to Remote ID screen for details. Tap to calibrate the compass. Refert to 10.4 Com-

pass Calibration for details. 58 Description of the Application, Mission Planning 23389_002_enbcdefghiaj Type Firmware Description Tap to check:

Refer to Firmware screen for details. Current firmware installed on BLK2FLY Latest available firmware Smart Battery firmware Unpair Unpair the BLK2FLY from the Apple iPad for pair-

ing with a different BLK2FLY. BLK2FLY WLAN Con-

nection screen Use this screen to select/connect to the BLK2FLY using WLAN. The WLAN connection is used for data transfer using Leica Cyclone REGISTER 360 or uploading to HxDR. a Device WLAN b List of networks visible to BLK2FLY Detailed description Type Description Device WLAN Enable/disable WLAN connectivity. Visible networks Choose the network to connect with the BLK2FLY. Description of the Application, Mission Planning 59 23891_001_enba BLK2FLY LTE Connec-

tion screen a Information message b IMEI number Detailed description Description Type SIM card IMEI This menu highlights that a SIM card must not have a SIM lock. Remove SIM lock by using for example a mobile phone before usage with BLK2FLY. The IMEI number, International Mobile Equipment Identity, is a unique 15-digit code. It precisely identifies the device with the SIM card input. The GSM Association organisation defines the first 14 digits. An algorithm named Luhn for-

mula generates the last digit. It is a control char-

acter. This whole number is an individual number assigned to each and every mobile device all over the world. As the SIM card number cannot be a permanent identifier of the device, the IMEI was created. The SIM card is asso-

ciated with the user. It can be easily transferred from the mobile to another mobile. 60 Description of the Application, Mission Planning 23892_002_enbaBLK2FLY SmartNet/NRTK Con-

figuration screen Use this menu to configure the Network configuration. Enable SmartNet/NRTK a b NRTK Configuration c d e Network Mount Point Server TCP Port f g h i Username Password Edit Credentials GNSS/NRTK Status Detailed description Type Description Enable SmartNet/

NRTK NRTK Configuration Server TCP Port Username Password Edit Credentials Tap to enable/disable SmartNet/NRTK. Tap and choose the NRTK Configuration Mode from the list. Tap to enter the server host address. Tap to enter the TCP Port. Active username provided by the NRTK service provider. Active password provided by the NRTK service provider. Menu to edit/enter username and password for the NRTK service provider. Network Mount Point Tap to enter Network Mount Point name. GNSS/NRTK Status Diplays GNSS position and NRTK status. Description of the Application, Mission Planning 61 23391_001_enbcdefgiah Remote ID screen Use this menu to enter the operator registration number. a Edit Operator Number button Tap Edit Operator Number to open the entry mask. a Registration number b Security code (3 digits) Detailed description Type Description Registration number Enter the registration number. Security code (3 digits) Enter the security code three digits. 62 Description of the Application, Mission Planning 24504_001_ena24503_001_enba Firmware screen This screen shows the current firmware versions for BLK2FLY and Smart Bat-

tery GEB374. The operator gets informed once new firmware versions are available. Refer to the blue text lines on this screen. d e Preload %@ to Tablet Smart Battery Firmware a Current firmware on %@ con-

nected BLK2FLY b Latest Available Firmware c Download and update %@ to

Detailed description Type Description Current firmware on

Shows the currently installed firmware version on the BLK2FLY. Tap to read the latest release notes. Latest Available Firm-

ware Download and update

%@ to %@

Preload %@ to Tablet This entry is only visible, once a new firmware is available. Use this option to update the currently paired BLK2FLY. This entry is only visible, once a new firmware is available. Use this option to have the firmware file available locally on the Apple iPad. This way any BLK2FLY can be updated after pairing with the Apple iPad, even when offline. Smart Battery Firm-

ware Shows the status of the current Smart Battery Firmware. Description of the Application, Mission Planning 63 23890_002_enbacde It is highly recommended to have a SIM with unlimited data contract. Flying using LTE as connection protocol to BLK2FLY, uses mobile data too. Update the BLK2FLY as follows:

Option 1:

1. Tap Download and update %@ to %@ dir-

ectly in this menu. Attention: Mobile data used for download. Size of firmware is about 1 GB. NOTICE Option 2:

1. 2. 3. 4. Tap Preload %@ to Tablet directly in this menu. It downloads the firmware to the Apple iPad. Tap Done, after the firmware download is finished. Connect/pair the Apple iPad with the BLK2FLY. Tap Update %@ to %@ for updating the connected BLK2FLY. 64 Description of the Application, Mission Planning 7.6.7.3 Description Scanning Screen c 2D Map Scanning a b Scan velocity Live Image Scanning Detailed description Type Scan velocity Description Define flying speed for autonomous scanning. Refer to Scan velocity screen for details. Live Image Scanning Define parameters for live image scanning. Refer to Live Image Scanning screen for details. 2D Map Scanning Defince parameters for 2D map scanning. Refer to 2D Map Scanning screen for details. Scan velocity screen a Scan flight velocity b set back to default value Detailed description Type Description Scan flight velocity Define flying speed for autonomous scanning. Description of the Application, Mission Planning 65 23406_001_encba23863_001_enab Live Image Scanning screen Distance between scan paths Typical scan distance from object a b c Max. adaption distance towards object Detailed description Type Description d Max. adaption distance away from object Distance between scan paths Typical scan distance from object Max. adaption dis-

tance towards object Max. adaption dis-

tance away from object Defines the distance between scan lines/flight lines. The closer the scan lines are defined, the more dense is the point cloud. Distance from object to scan lines. Maximum adaption distance defines on how much the UAV is allowed to deviate from its ori-

ginal planned path/plane towards the object. For example, if there is a large recess. Maximum adaption distance defines on how much the UAV is allowed to deviate from its original planned path/plane away from the object. For example, if there is a balcony standing out. 66 Description of the Application, Mission Planning 23864_001_enabcd 2D Map Scanning screen a Distance between scan paths b Max. adaption distance from sur-

c Max. adaption distance away from surface Type Description face Detailed description Distance between scan paths Max. adaption dis-

tance from surface Max. adaption dis-

tance away from sur-

face Defines the distance between scan lines/flight lines. The closer the scan lines are defined, the more dense is the point cloud. Maximum adaption distance defines on how much the UAV is allowed to deviate from its original planned path/plane towards the surface. For example, if there is a large whole. Maximum adaption distance defines on how much the UAV is allowed to deviate from its original planned path/plane away from the surface. For example, if there is a high building. Description of the Application, Mission Planning 67 23865_001_enabc 7.6.7.4 Flight Screen Description Use this screen to manage the profile of the current logged in operator. a b c Altitude limit Velocity limits Control interactions Detailed description Type Altitude limit Velocity limits Control interactions Return behaviour Joystick mode d e Return behaviour Joystick mode Description Define maximum flight height. Refer to Altitude limit screen for details. Define maximum flying speed. Refer to Velocity limits screen for details. Defines flying distance when double tapping on a certain location in the Live View. Refer to Control interactions screen for details. Defines failsafe settings. Refer to Return behaviour screen for details. Defines joystick mode. Refer to Joystick mode screen for details. 68 Description of the Application, Mission Planning 23399 _001_enabcde Altitude limit screen a Altitude limit Detailed description Type Altitude limit Description Set the maximum height relative to the home position. Velocity limits screen a Manual flight velocity (obstacle b Manual flight velocity (obstacle avoidance deactivated) Type Description avoidance active) Detailed description Manual flight velocity

(obstacle avoidance active) Manual flight velocity

(obstacle avoidance deactivated) Set the maximum flight speed in manual mode when obstacle avoidance is active. Set the maximum flight speed in manual mode when obstacle avoidance is deactivated. Description of the Application, Mission Planning 69 23400 _001_ena23401 _001_enab Control interactions screen Return behaviour screen a Double tap flight distance Detailed description Type Description Double tap flight dis-

tance To set the distance the BLK2FLY is flying in direc-

tion of the double tap when being in the Live View. a b Return to user Return to launch Detailed description Type Description Return to user c Land in place Sets the position of the Apple iPad as the return point when tapping the home button while flying. Use Return to user with caution. Due to Apple iPad position inaccuracy, UAV landing spot may be inaccurate. Be ready to take-over manual control. Return to launch Sets the launch position as the return point when tapping the home button while flying. 70 Description of the Application, Mission Planning 23402_001_ena23403 _001_enabc Type Land in place Description BLK2FLY lands in place, current position, when tapping the home button while flying. Be aware, that the BLK2FLY is landing wherever it currently is. There is no setting for minimum height to return to home. The BLK2FLY always flies directly to the defined return location using obstacle avoidance. Joystick mode screen a Joystick mode Mode 2 Left virtual joystick Right virtual joystick Mode 3 Left virtual joystick Right virtual joystick Description of the Application, Mission Planning 71 23902 _001_ena 7.6.8 Support Screen Description Use this screen to access the User Manual in the field and to contact support. a User Manual b Product Feedback Detailed description Type User Manual c d Issue Reporting Contact Support Description Open the BLK2FLY User Manual in the BLK2FLY Live application. Search functionality given. Product Feedback Option to share feedback with Leica Geosystems. Refer to Product Feedback screen for details. Issue Reporting Contact Support Option to report issues to Leica Geosystems. Refer to Issue Reporting screen for details. Option to access the Leica support network and the possibility to upload logs from the BLK2FLY and the BLK2FLY Live application. Refer to Contact Support screen for details. 72 Description of the Application, Mission Planning 23379_002_enabcd Product Feedback screen Use this screen to share feedback with Leica Geosystems about your experi-

ence with BLK2FLY. a Entry mask for sharing feedback Issue Reporting screen Use this screen to upload reports from your flight after any issue. a Entry mask to describe and send an issue Description of the Application, Mission Planning 73 24505_001_ena24506_001_ena Contact Support screen Any issue using BLK2FLY? Use this screen to locate your closest Leica support contact. a Open Leica Support network button 74 Description of the Application, Mission Planning 24507_001_ena 7.7 Scan Modes All scan/flight modes that the BLK2FLY can be operated in How to select the scan modes in the app Operational assumptions about the scan modes When to use the operational assumptions and when not to use them The level of control the operator can still exercise over the BLK2FLY in each scan mode Description Menu Start Scanning Detailed description Menu Description Manual Recording Refer to 7.7.1 Manual Recording for details. Surface Recording Refer to 7.7.2 Surface Recording for details. Area Recording Refer to 7.7.3 Area Recording for details. Description of the Application, Mission Planning 75 7.7.1 Overview Manual Recording This menu is used to manually operate/fly the BLK2FLY for recording. a b Hamburger menu. Refer to 7.6 Hamburger Menu for details Status bar. Refer to 7.4 Status Bar for details. c d e f Emergency off switch Add a new scan Switch between different views Take-off button Manual Recording, step-by-step 1. Tap/hold the take-off button for

> 3 s. The BLK2FLY starts and hovers at 1 m 76 Description of the Application, Mission Planning a23811_002_enbcdef 2. Tap the menu to add a new scan. icon to open the 3. Tap Manual Recording. 4. 5. The Live View opens. Use the virtual joysticks to con-

trol the BLK2FLY to manually record the surface/area. As soon as the menu opens, the recording starts immediately. An active timer in the top right of the menu is indicating recording in progress. Example:

Keep an eye on the status bar for the remaining battery life-

time. Once the surface/ area recording is finished, the BLK2FLY returns to what is defined in the menu Return behaviour. Tap/hold the home icon to expand for the Return beha-

viour options. The default setting is Return to launch. a b c Land in place Return to user Return to launch Description of the Application, Mission Planning 77 23817_002_enabc In case battery runs low, an acoustic warning and additional information appears on the screen. Once the count-down is finished, the BLK2FLY returns automatically to the position defined in settings. Joystick control is automatically disabled, once the battery life lasts only for direct landing any more. NOTICE Important: The default settings in case of low battery are only defined in settings. This setting can be different to the return menu in the normal view. Whatever is configured, they are used when return function is called manually. 78 Description of the Application, Mission Planning 7.7.2 Overview Surface Recording This menu is used to fly a mission. A mission automatically records data of a predefined surface. If the battery life does not last for the whole surface scan, divide the surface into more than one individually planned surfaces. Currently, a surface scan stopped due to low batteries, cannot be resumed. Hamburger menu. Refer to 7.6 Hamburger Menu for details Status bar. Refer to 7.4 Status Bar for details. c NOTIFICATIONS and/or Flight Restrictions Emergency off switch Add a new scan Switch between different views Cancel surface scan planning a b d e f g h i j k l Start surface scan mission Represents the scan pattern A. Tap to edit Tap to open the surface scan editor for scan pattern A again Add another scan pattern. Simply drag and drop scan patterns A, B, to reorder them Return to launch button Description of the Application, Mission Planning 79 a23826_002_encdefkghbijl Surface Recording, step-by-step 1. Tap/hold the take-off button for

> 3 s. The BLK2FLY starts and hovers at 1 m 2. Tap the menu to add a new scan. icon to open the 3. Tap Surface Recording. 4. Use the virtual joysticks and/or tap/hold and shift to navigate to the front of the surface of interest. If prompted by the BLK2FLY Live app mes-

sage, fly the BLK2FLY closer to the surface. Within 20 metre from surface of interest is fine. 80 Description of the Application, Mission Planning 23906_002_en 5. Tap on the surface to set corners to create an area for recording. Edit the area by tap/shift of the dots Delete single dots. Use the small bin icon dot Delete the whole area. Use the large bin icon bottom/

centre near the 6. Once defined, accept the area. The flying pattern for the surface recording is displayed. The BLK2FLY is ready to start the mission. 7. 8. 9. Option: Tap one of these but-

tons to open the area editor again. Option: Tap to add an area to the already defined area. Option: Tap definition to cancel the area 10. Tap to start the surface record-

ing. The BLK2FLY starts surface recording. Example: Map View Description of the Application, Mission Planning 81 23907_002_enAA Example: Live View Example: 3D View An active timer in the top right of the menu is indicating record-

ing in progress. Example:

Option: Abort and return at any time. Tap/hold the home icon to expand for the home position options. The default setting is Return to launch. 11. Once the surface recording is finished, the dialog box shows Mission Completed!. Stop: Return the BLK2FLY and land. Continue: depending on bat-

tery status, define a new area for surface recording and continue to record data. a b c Land in place Return to user Return to launch 82 Description of the Application, Mission Planning abc 7.7.3 Overview Area Recording This menu is used to fly a mission. A mission automatically records data of a predefined area on ground or top side/roofs of buildings. If the battery capacity does not last for the whole area scan, divide the area into more than one individually planned areas. With this release version, an area scan stopped due to low batteries, cannot be resumed. a Hamburger menu. Refer to 7.6 Hamburger Menu for details b AIRSPACE INFORMATION but-

ton Current position/orientation of the BLK2FLY Status bar. Refer to 7.4 Status Bar for details. Emergency off switch Add a new scan Switch between different views Cancel area scan planning c d e f g h i j l k Start area scan mission Represents the scan pattern A. Tap to edit Tap to open the area editor for scan pattern A again Add another scan pattern. Simply drag and drop scan patterns A, B, to reorder them m Map type button n View Center button o Return to launch button Description of the Application, Mission Planning 83 a23827_002_endefhibgmnojckl Area Recording, step-by-step 1. Tap/hold the take-off button for

> 3 s. The BLK2FLY starts and hovers at 1 m 2. Tap the menu to add a new scan. icon to open the 3. Tap Area Recording. Tap/hold to shift the map to the area of interest. 4. Tap on the map to set corners to create an area for recording. Edit the area by tap/shift of the dots Delete single dots. Use the small bin icon dot Delete the whole area. Use the large bin icon bottom/

centre near the 84 Description of the Application, Mission Planning 23992_001_en23993_001_en 5. Tap/shift to set the height for the BLK2FLY to fly the mission 6. Once defined, accept the area. The flying pattern for the area recording is displayed. The BLK2FLY is ready to start the mission. 7. 8. 9. Option: Tap one of these but-

tons to open the area editor again. Option: Tap to add an area to the already defined area. Option: Tap definition to cancel the area 10. Tap to start the area recording. The BLK2FLY starts area record-

ing. Example: Map View Description of the Application, Mission Planning 85 23994_001_en23996_001_enAA23997_001_en Example: Live View Example: 3D View An active timer in the top right of the menu is indicating record-

ing in progress. Example:

Abort and return at any time is 11. 12. set for automatic return to home due to low battery. There is no connection with the home but-

ton on the screen while flying. Option: Abort and return to home at any time. Tap once, to trigger return to the location defined in settings. The default setting is Return to launch. Tap/hold the home icon to expand for the home position options. Once the surface recording is finished, the dialog box shows Mission Completed!. Stop: Return the BLK2FLY and land. Continue: depending on bat-

tery status, define a new area for surface recording and continue to record data. a b c Land in place Return to user Return to launch 86 Description of the Application, Mission Planning abc 8 8.1 Alerts, Geo-awareness, Operational Information Description of Alerts, Warnings and Information Warnings Warnings are always in the center of the screen, just below the status bar. Example: Low battery in 3D View Example: Low battery in Live View Alerts, Geo-awareness, Operational Information 87 Flight restrictions Tap on to see flight restriction information on map and a specific location. Flight restriction information on map Flight restriction information on a specific location 88 Alerts, Geo-awareness, Operational Information Notifications Warning messages that have occurred are listed under NOTIFICATIONS. Alerts, Geo-awareness, Operational Information 89 8.2 8.2.1 Geo-awareness System, Fencing Geo-awareness System Once the fencing is set up and active, BLK2FLY cannot pass the fence. This flight limitation is valid for horizontal and vertical direction. When the BLK2FLY flies into the active fence, it stops continue flying in that direction automatically. An error message is shown. 8.2.2 Fencing Set up the fencing, step-by-step Follow this procedure to set up a fencing area to keep the BLK2FLY within safe flight area. Grey button: the fencing set up is deactivated. White button: the fencing set up is activated. 1. 2. 3. Tap the Fencing button to activate the setup. Tap on the satellite view/map view to set the first position of the fence. Tap on another position to set the second point of the first line of the fence. 90 Alerts, Geo-awareness, Operational Information 4. Continue to set corners of the fence to limit flight space. Move/delete the highlighted edgepoint to set up an appropriate fence Add edgepoints using the small grey dots in-between two white corners Example:

5. Define the maximum flight height by using the slider on the left side. The maximum set flight height is displayed on top of the slider. Example: 85 m When flying, the slider shows the current flight height of the BLK2FLY. Example: 31 m Alerts, Geo-awareness, Operational Information 91 6. 7. Tap OFF to activate the fence and finalise the setup. Button turns to ON indicating that geo-awerness/fencing is activated. Tap the tickmark or the fencing button to leave the fencing editing mode. When in editing mode, the fence can always be deleted using the bin symbol. 92 Alerts, Geo-awareness, Operational Information 9 9.1 Description of Further Components Battery Smart Battery GEB374 The battery type is LiPo (Lithium-Ion-Polymer). Refer to the enclosed Leica GKL352 Quick Guide or documentation on https://

myworld.leica-geosystems.com for details. Check the Smart Battery GEB374 for inflation or damage. You must Charge/discharge the battery Obtain information about battery charge status never use problematic batteries. Charge the Smart Battery GEB374 at least once every 3 months to 60% for optimal storage and lifetime. It is recommended to store the battery at around +20 to +25 C. Always remove the Smart Battery GEB374 from the BLK2FLY if not operated in order to prevent battery damage. The single charger Leica GKL352 is shipped together with the BLK2FLY. A single Smart Battery GEB374 can be charged at a time. Refer to the enclosed Leica GKL352 Quick Guide or documentation on https://myworld.leica-geosys-

tems.com for details. Make sure that the single charger is in working condition Check the connectors before use. Replace the single charger in case of bent or broken contacts Check the cables before use. Replace broken cables or if connectors are defective 9.2 Single charger, Leica GKL352 Single Charger 9.3 Multi-charger Multi-charger, Leica GKLxyz, available in 2022 Order the multi-charger Leica GKLxyz as an optional accessory. Up to five Smart Battery GEB374 can be charged at a time. Refer to documentation on https://myworld.leica-geosystems.com for details. Make sure that the multi-charger is in working condition Check the connectors before use. Replace the multi-charger in case of bent or broken contacts Check the cables before use. Replace broken cables or if connectors are defective Description of Further Components 93 10 10.1 10.1.1 Operation Setup Procedures Airspace Limitations AIRSPACE INFORMATION is automatically available when being on-site and checking the airspace information in the BLK2FLY Live app in Map View. An Internet connection over the SIM card or WLAN is mandatory. It is also possible to open the Map View within the BLK2FLY Live app in the office being connected to WLAN, pan within the map to the upcoming flight areas and check the airspace information. The airspace information cannot be downloaded to be shown in off-

line mode. It is live information only. Therefore it is highly recom-

mended to have always the Apple iPad with SIM card and mobile data activated. Refer to 7.6.5 AIRSPACE INFORMATION Screen for details. The firmware update requires an Internet connection. Use WLAN or LTE on the Apple iPad to download new firmware. In order to upload firmware to BLK2FLY and the Smart Battery GEB374, the BLK2FLY Live app must be paired with the correct BLK2FLY. The BLK2FLY Live app can only be updated over the Apple App store. Follow these steps to configure GNSS RTK for network corrections. Refer to SmartNet/NRTK Configuration screen for details. Supported data and network protocols:

RTK data protocols: RTCM v3.0, v3.1, v3.2 MSM RTK Network protocol: iMAX, MAC (RTCM SC 104), VRS, FKP The operator must check himself , whether operational approval by his civil aviation authority or other entity is needed. If so, he is responsible to perform all the risk assessment and concept of operations (ConOps). Refer to 3 Regulatory Situation for details. Charge the required number of batteries Ensure the Apple iPad is charged Check weather forcast. The BLK2FLY cannot be flown in rain and strong wind conditions. Refer to 6.3.1 Meteorological Conditions for details 10.1.2 Firmware Updates 10.1.3 Configure GNSS RTK 10.2 Preparation Procedures 94 Operation 10.3 Overview Pre-flight Procedures Visual inspection of BLK2FLY Take off and landing zone:

It is recommended for take off and landing zone, to have at least 4 m clear distance to any potential obstacles Ensure a safe take off and landing area Take off and landing zone on grass: The BLK2FLY is able to take off and land on grass. However, the grass should not be higher than 5 cm above the ground. This ensures that the rotor and obstacle avoidance operate correctly. Environmental and weather conditions:

Ensure the environmental and meteorological conditions are adequate for BLK2FLY operation Refer to 6.3.1 Meteorological Conditions for details Checklist Check if compass calibration is needed. Refer to 10.4 Compass Calibration for details Environmental and weather conditions allow BLK2FLY operation Check for charged batteries Ensure a safe take off and landing area Check airspace information Ensure fencing is set up and active if required Ensure Return behaviour is defined as required. Refer to Return beha-

viour screen for details Be sure to calibrate the compass before the first flight. After that, calibrate the compass when the BLK2FLY Live app prompts to do so. Take-off is prevented and pilot gets an information message (in flight screen) once compass calibration is required. When and how to run compass calibration in general When moving to new sites, a compass calibration is more likely to be needed Compass calibration shall be executed in area free of magnetic fields Keep enough distance to metal structures, metal pipes, on top on con-

crete with rebar or any other place where magnetic interferences likely to be present User should not wear watches, or other objects which can distort natural magnetic field. UAV should be able to get GNSS position Apple iPad can create magnetic field distortions. Ensure the Apple iPad is at sufficient distance while calibrating. 10.4 Overview Compass Calibration Step-by-step Follow this procedure to calibrate the compass of the BLK2FLY 1. Tap the hamburger menu icon. Operation 95 The hamburger menu slides in from the left side. Example:

Tap on Settings. 2. The settings for the BLK2FLY are shown. Example:

3. Tap on a) in the Settings menu. 96 Operation 23903_001_ena The Calibration menu opens. Read the instructions on the page. Tap b) Start Calibration to start the calibration. Follow the calibration guide step 14 as shown on the screen. Refer to Blinking patterns for help during the calibration. 4. 5. Operation 97 23583_001_enb23584_001_enUAV-01 6. After successful calibration, the message CALIBRATION SUCCESS-

FUL is displayed. 7. Tap c) Close to close this menu and finish the calibration. Blinking patterns LiDAR LED ring colour Instrument status Lighting interval 0.5 Hz pulsating, 100% / 10%

brightness 2 Hz blinking for 10 s, 100% / 0%

brightness 0.5 Hz pulsating, 100% / 10%

brightness 2 Hz blink-

ing, 100% /

0% bright-

ness Keep rotating. Finished calibration. Next step / wrong direction. Rotating too fast. Position LED Lighting interval 0.5 Hz pulsating 2 Hz blinking Instrument status Keep rotating. Next step / wrong direction. 2 Hz blinking for 10 s Finished calibration. 98 Operation 23585_001_enUAV-01c Calibration failed The pilot can tap < Back at any time to cancel the calibration procedure. Restart of compass calibration is possible then. Possible reasons GNSS is not available Generic calibration error. Something went wrong. BLK2FLY positioned in wrong orientation Make sure to turn around slowly, around 8 s per turn Make sure to have empty pockets Make sure to not be close to metal objects If BLK2FLY is positioned in the wrong orientation, the BLK2FLY Live app waits until the BLK2FLY is in the required orientation 10.5 Flight Procedures Normal procedures Procedures used during normal flight:

Take-off Land Change altitude Operator-controlled operation procedures Initiate building scan Monitoring of environmental conditions Monitoring of airspace Always check battery level BLK2FLY must always be in line of sight Ensure that obstacle avoidance is always enabled Contingency proced-

ures Contingency procedures come into effect in abnormal situations. In these situ-

ations, it is no longer possible to continue the flight using normal procedures. The safety of the aircraft or persons on the ground is not in danger. Especially in automatic flights, the pilot must be ready to take over the control of the BLK2FLY at any time In case of doubt for completing a mission, pause the automatic flight or land the BLK2FLY. Doubts may rise due to changing environmental condi-

tions, abnormal behaviour of BLK2FLY, other aircraft close by. Refer to 12 Troubleshooting for details. Emergency proced-

ures Safety has always highest priority. Type Details Obstacle avoid-

ance Emergency case Turn off engines If possible, always keep obstacle avoidance activated. This is important to ensure safety during scans and when returning back home. For example:

BLK2FLY is flying away Crash with another aircraft is about to happen It is possible to turn off the motors of BLK2FLY while still flying. This way, the BLK2FLY is crash landing in its current position. Greater damage is prevented. Refer to Emergency off switch. for details Refer to 12 Troubleshooting for details Operation 99 10.6 Post-flight Procedures Recommended post-flight procedure Visual inspecton of the BLK2FLY In case the unit got damp, ensure to take it out of the transportation case as soon as possible to dry Charge batteries again Connect the BLK2FLY to a computing device using WLAN or the USBC type cable Upload data to HxDR in the BLK2FLY Live app under Settings > Profile Connect BLK2FLY to USB-C Cable for data download Remove the Smart Battery GEB374 to get access to the USBC port. 1. 2. Connect the included USBC cable to the BLK2FLY. Connect the BLK2FLY to the computer. 3. The BLK2FLY boots up automatically. It is then visible for:

Leica Cyclone REGISTER 360 Leica Cyclone REGISTER 360 (BLK Edition) Leica Cyclone BLK Data Manager In case an issue needs to be reported to Leica support, go to the Support menu to upload logs. Refer to 7.6.8 Support Screen for details. Post processing software Leica Cyclone REGISTER 360 Leica Cyclone REGISTER 360 (BLK Edition) HxDR Leica Cyclone BLK Data Manager 100 Operation 10.7 Occurrence Reporting Occurrence reporting is mandated by law. Information is available from the national aviation authority. It is the pilots responsibility to report any occurrence happened while flying with the BLK2FLY The operator must know how to recover flight log information from the BLK2FLY. Refer to 7.6.8 Support Screen for details He must know how to recover geo-awareness information. For example timestamp of last update of geo-awareness data and operational status Verify, that information was not manipulated The occurrence report must be sent to the national aviation authority The pilot must know local emergency numbers For example:

Swiss Federal Office of Civil Aviation FOCA - occurence reporting Operation 101 11 11.1 General Maintenance Maintenance Plan Every flight Minor service performed by pilot before and after every flight. BLK2FLY is a professional UAV solution and is used in varying conditions. It needs regular maintenance to maximise the usage, life and secures the invest-

ment of the UAV solution. Find this guideline on maintenance activities that the pilot and Leica Geosystems Service Center should perform for the system regularly. In a summary, the intervals are:

Every flight check (before and after) 5 hours flight time check 50 hours flight time check 200 hours flight time check Before flight After flight Check landing gear: Intact, no cracks, clean Check propellers: Propeller edge check, flex for delamination/cracks, clean Spin all propellers to check motors: Listen for noises, look for irregularities Visual inspection of the BLK2FLY body and LiDAR lighthouse Check the camera lenses are clean Motor check: Feel for excess heat on all motors Check landing gear: Intact, no cracks, clean Check propellers: Propeller edge check, flex for delamination/cracks, clean Visual inspection of the BLK2FLY body and LiDAR lighthouse Minor service performed by pilot once a week or after a long day. Clean any dirty surfaces: Camera lens, propellers, BLK2FLY body, landing gear Clean the LiDAR lighthouse. Be careful. Refer to General for details Battery inspection for battery life/damage/puffing/charge levels Visual inspection of all components: Motors, pro-

pellers, landing gear, cameras, LiDAR, Time of flight sensor If applicable, firmware updates for:

BLK2FLY Apple iPad Batteries Functional test Installation of latest firmware and applications BLK2FLY flight performance test Apple iPad tablet Acceptance test flight General Cleaning of entire BLK2FLY system 5-hour check 50 hour/200 flight check BLK2FLY This service is recommended after 50 hours or 200 flights. 102 Maintenance 200 hour/800 flight check BLK2FLY This service is recommended after 200 hours or 800 flights. Visual inspection of all components: Motors, pro-

pellers, landing gear, cameras, LiDAR, Time of flight sensor If applicable, firmware updates for:

BLK2FLY Batteries Functional test Installation of latest firmware and applications BLK2FLY flight performance test Apple iPad tablet Acceptance test flight General Cleaning of entire BLK2FLY system Every year This service is recommended every year. Replace the propellers after flying over 300 hours or using for one year Ship the BLK2FLY to your local Leica Geosystems Customer Support Centre for inspection and overhaul 11.2 Manufacturer Repair In case other parts of the BLK2FLY are damaged, Leica Geosystems support must be contacted. Refer to 7.6.8 Support Screen for details. 11.3 Maintenance Recordkeeping We recommended recording when propellers have been exchanged. Important: Follow the recommendations in 11.1 Maintenance Plan. 11.4 Recommended Training A product training is recommended for BLK2FLY. Such a training allows correct handling of the device. Maintenance 103 12 Troubleshooting Help for trouble-

shooting Problem Solution BLK2FLY cannot take off LiDAR LED ring is yellow. Symptoms of dirty cam-

era lenses. Symptoms of dirty LiDAR. BLK2FLY is stuck in air. It does not move. BLK2FLY is not ready to take off. This can be due to reasons like:

BLK2FLY standing on a tilted or moving plat-

form System error check the BLK2FLY Live app for error message Make sure the BLK2FLY is correctly unfolded Contact a Leica Geosystems authorised Service Centre for further investigation. Soiling of the glass pane can cause extreme measurement errors and therefore useless data. May cause moderate flight performance issues. Due to the encapsulated mirror design, the mirror is protected against direct contact. But dirt on the dome such as a layer of dust, condensation or fingerprints may cause considerable measuring errors. Try activating the virtual joysticks to fly away from any obstacles If BLK2FLY does not react to inputs, it might be stuck in ghost obstacles obstacles detected around it, that do not really exist Deactivate obstacle avoidance when in vir-

tual joystick mode, manoeuvre BLK2FLY away from obstacles and activate obstacle avoid-

ance again BLK2FLY Live app seems to have lost connection to BLK2FLY during flight. No worry! The BLK2FLY is hovering in case of BLK2FLY Live app control loss. In any way, at low battery, the BLK2FLY makes its way back to the home point and lands autonomously. When using tap to fly in 3D View or the return to home, BLK2FLY does not start flying. It might be, that BLK2FLY cannot find a path to the desired 3D point or the home point respect-

ively. Try to get closer in choosing a 3D point that is closer to BLK2FLY and in well-known space, for example at a location BLK2FLY flew through before. BLK2FLY fails to pair. Search for available BLK2FLYs again. BLK2FLY is blinking blue but cannot be found during pairing. BLK2FLY LED blinks red/

solid red after booting. Planned surface scan mission does not match the facade. Restart the device. Restart the device. Get more points on the facade. 104 Troubleshooting Problem Solution Retry uploading. New firmware failed to upload to the BLK2FLY. Connection between Apple iPad and BLK2FLY is lost and does not recover. No LTE. After planning a mis-

sion, data recording is not starting. BLK2FLY fails to start or proceed with planned mission. Check WLAN connection Restart the BLK2FLY Live application Check free space: Telemetry information bar;

recording time left should be > 0 Delete old data like projects or individual recordings Reboot the BLK2FLY Adjust BLK2FLY position by manual control, move a few metres in any direction and retry resuming/starting the mission. In more challenging environment, consider manual scanning as alternative to automated one. Troubleshooting 105 13 13.1 Product Care and Transport Storage Respect the temperature limits when storing the equipment, particularly in summer if the equipment is inside a vehicle. Refer to 14 Technical Data for information about temperature limits. Smart Battery GEB374 The battery type is LiPo (Lithium-Ion-Polymer). Refer to the enclosed Leica GKL352 Quick Guide or documentation on https://

myworld.leica-geosystems.com for details. Check the Smart Battery GEB374 for inflation or damage. You must Charge/discharge the battery Obtain information about battery charge status never use problematic batteries. Charge the Smart Battery GEB374 at least once every 3 months to 60% for optimal storage and lifetime. It is recommended to store the battery at around +20 to +25 C. Always remove the Smart Battery GEB374 from the BLK2FLY if not operated in order to prevent battery damage. 13.2 General Cleaning and Drying Only use a damp microfibre cloth to clean the BLK2FLY. Do not use detergent on carbon fibre parts. Use a brush to remove loose dust. NOTICE Prevent scratching the LiDAR lighthouse Remove particles very careful. Do not scratch the LiDAR lighthouse. 13.2.1 Dome Cleaning Procedure General cleaning information The dome must be kept clean. The instructions must be followed as described in this chapter to clean the dome. CAUTION Before any cleaning procedure, ensure that the instrument is switched off and the battery has been removed. Dust and debris on the dome Cleaning of the camera lenses Using a compressed gas duster or canned air, remove dust and debris from surface of the dome. Never rub off dust or debris as this will scratch the glass and so possibly cause permanent damage to the special optical coatings. Soiling of the glass pane can cause extreme measurement errors and there-

fore useless data!

All soiling that is visible on the glass pane has to be removed, except for single small dust particles that adhere inevitably. 106 Care and Transport For the glass cleaning procedure, the wet and dry lens cleaner Green Clean LC-7010 is recommended (www.green-clean.at/en.html). Clean the glass pane regularly with the recommended cleaning tissue:

Washing hands is necessary in order to avoid grease on the cleaning Switch off instrument and remove the battery. tissue. Better, use gloves to avoid finger oil on the glass. Then use the wet lens cleaning tissue (Green Clean LC-7010) until there is only a thin film of detergent visible. After that use the dry lens cleaning tissue (Green Clean LC-7010) to remove any remaining detergent. If any smears from cleaning are visible against back light, repeat the pro-

cedure. Do not use air from the pneumatic power system as this is always slightly oily!

Damp products Dry the product, the container, the foam inserts and the accessories at a temperature not greater than 40 C and clean them. Do not repack until everything is completely dry. Cables and plugs Keep plugs clean and dry. Blow away any dirt lodged in the plugs of the connecting cables. 13.3 Transport Transport in a road vehicle Never carry the product loose in a road vehicle, as it can be affected by shock and vibration. Always carry the product in its container and secure it. Handcarrying the BLK2FLY Watch out not to touch/scratch the LiDAR lighthouse, camera and tof Hold it either on the mainbody or inner arms Prevent holding the BLK2FLY at the shrouding or outer arms Watch out for the propellers when folding BLK2FLY. Do not scratch the lenses lighthouse. Shipping When transporting the product by rail, air or sea, always use the complete original BLK2FLY packaging, container and cardboard box, or its equivalent, to protect against shock and vibration. Shipping batteries Discharge batteries to around 30%. Care and Transport 107 14 14.1 Environmental specifications Technical Data BLK2FLY Temperature Type Operating temperature [C]

Storage temperature

[C]

BLK2FLY Apple iPad tablet

+5 to +35 20 to +40 10 to +60

< than 3 months:

28 to +45

> than 3 months:

+22 to +30 Smart Battery GEB374 Lithium-Ion-Polymer Single Charger Leica GKL352

+103) to +35 10 to +45 Recommended +20 to +25

+10 to +30 10 to +60 Multi-charger

+10 to +30 10 to +60 IP54 (IEC 60529) in non-operating mode. Dust protected. Protection against splashing water from any direction. Humidity max. 95% non condensing. Pollution degree 2 Use at altitude Electrical safety is guaranteed 2000 m above sea level. L W H [cm]

53 60 19 53 32 14

[inch]

10 4.5 2.6 Weight [kg]

Aircraft IP rating Humidity Aircraft Unfolded Folded Propeller Diameter Pitch Type Dimensions Weight BLK2FLY including batteriy Maximum takeoff mass MTOM 2.6 No additional weight must be added. Flight performance Type Typical flight time4) Maximum speed, obstacle avoidance inactive Value 13 min 5 m/s 3) Flight start temperature at +5 C is allowed, once the temperature of the Smart Battery GEB374 is 10 C when flight starts. 4) Flight time depends on operation mode, weather conditions, altitude and payload 108 Technical Data Type Maximum speed, obstacle avoidance active Maximum wind resistance Value 3 m/s 12 m/s Maximum flight altitude above sea level 1800 m (5900 ft) Flight time Hovering accuracy: P-mode, with GPS Maximum pitch angle 13 min5) Vertical: 0.5 m, Horizontal: 1.5 m 25 Sound power level According to the safety standard IEC 61010-1, it is neces-

sary to wear hearing protection at levels higher than 80 dB. Therefore, a minimum distance of 6 m from the BLK2FLY must be maintained during take-off and landing. There, the value is lower than 80 dB. For each country, the pilot is responsible for clarifying the valid limit values beforehand. Power management Refer to 14.2 Smart Battery GEB374 for details. GNSS Multi-band GNSS high precision receiver. Supported signals System GPS Galileo BeiDou QZSS SBAS Signal L1C/A, L2C E1B/C, E5b B1I, B2I L1C/A, L1S, L2C L1C/A RTK network RTK data protocols RTCM v3.3 Network RTK protocols VRS, FKP, iMAX, MAC (RTCM SC 104) Instrument channels Depending on the satellite systems and signals configured, a maximum number of 184 channels is allocated. Accuracy Centimeter level accuracy6) In this release the pointcloud cannot yet be geo-referenced. 5) 400 m above sea level 6) Accuracy is dependent upon various factors including the number of satel-

lites tracked, constellation geometry, observation time, ephemeris accuracy, ionospheric disturbance, multipath and resolved ambiguities. Technical Data 109 LiDAR and imaging Type Laser class Wavelength Field of view Scan range Vision system Point measurement rate 420,000 pts/sec Autonomy Type Details Obstacle avoidance coverage Full spherical, 360 Obstacle avoidance min. distance 3.5 m Obstacle avoidance:

Undetectable objects System performance, SLAM based Type Communication Type Relative accuracy Absolute accuracy, w/o GNSS Area coverage: Vertical Area coverage: Horizontal Communication port Storage GNSS LTE - Radio9) BLE - Bluetooth Low Energy 1 (in accordance with IEC 60825-1) Details 830 nm Vertical: 360 Horizontal: 270 Min. 0.5 m, up to 25 m 5-camera system, 1.6 MP each, total FoV 300 180, global shutter Cables < 5 mm diameter. Radar does not reliably detect very thin objects like cardboard or small tree branches. It might miss glossy, transparent or dark surfaces. Details

< 20 mm7) 40 mm8) 1550 m2 in 12 min. (0.5 pts/cm2 4700 m2 in 12 min. (0.17 pts/cm2) 1350 m2 in 12 min. (0.5 pts/cm2) 4100 m2 in 12 min. (0.17 pts/cm2) Data USB 3.1 Internal storage 256 GB Fully integrated Fully integrated, receive, external antenna, 403 to 470 MHz Fast pairing between BLK2FLY and Apple iPad 7) Concrete/brick surface 8) 4 m distance from object, 2 m/s flying speed, 8 min flight, concrete/brick surface 9) For real-time correction services 110 Technical Data Type WLAN Data Video streaming, Live View on the Apple iPad Control link to navigate the BLK2FLY by the Apple iPad Data offload from the BLK2FLY to the Cloud Data processing Details Type Data transfer Desktop software compatibility Wireless: WLAN/LTE and USB 3.1 (USB C) Leica Cyclone REGISTER 360 Leica Cyclone REGISTER 360 (BLK EDITION) Supported data processing software Leica Infinity and 3rd party software (after geotagging the images in Infinity) Cloud solution HxDR: Hexagon Digital Reality

(direct upload WLAN and LTE) 14.2 Smart Battery GEB374 Smart Battery GEB374 Cell type Number of cells Nominal voltage [V]

Nominal capacity [Ah]

Nominal energy [Wh]

Communication interface Recommended storage tem-

perature [C]

LiPo (Lithium-Ion-Polymer) 4 14.8 6.75 99.9 UART on battery connector

+20 to +25 14.3 Apple iPad Tablet Type Application on Apple iPad Details BLK2FLY Live Supporting LTE connectivity (iOS 12 or later). Including: flight planning, live 2D and 3D visualisation, device status and data management WLAN / LTE / Bluetooth (pairing only) 2.4 Ghz access point (flight operation) 5 GHz client (offload operation) 256 GB or around 5.25 h of scanning data 1000 cd/m2 iOS 13 or later Max./typical transmission dis-

tance WLAN: 100 m, line of sight LTE: depends on network Communication WLAN frequencies Internal memory Brightness High Operating system Technical Data 111 14.4 14.4.1 BLK2FLY CE BLK2FLY System Certificates EU Declaration of Conformity 112 Technical Data TranslationintotheofficialEUlanguagespleaseseewww.leica-geosystems.com/about-us/compliance-standards/conformity-declarationsLeicaGeosystemsAGHeinrich-Wild-StrasseCH-9435HeerbruggSwitzerlandPhone+41717273131www.leica-geosystems.com210082QELeicaBLK2FLYCEV2.docxEUDeclaration ofConformityThiscorrespondstoENISO/IEC17050-1We,LeicaGeosystemsAG,CH-9435Heerbrugg(Switzerland)declareunderoursoleresponsibility that theproductBLK2FLYfollowingtheprovisionsof Directive(s)Directive2011/65/EU(incl. delegateddirective2015/863amendingAnnex II to Directive2011/65/EU)Directive2014/53/EU(inaccordance withannexIII, ModuleBof the Directive2014/53/EU)(EU-TypeExaminationCertificateG0M-2011-9488-V0x)NotifiedBody0681:EurofinsProductServiceGmbH,StorkowerStrae38c, 15526Reichenwalde, GermanyDirective2006/42/EUto which thisdeclarationrelatesisinconformity with the followingstandardsEN62311:2008EN 61010-1:2010+A1:2016EN 60825-1:2014CISPR 32:2015EN 301489-1V2.2.3EN 301489-3V2.1.1EN 301489-17V3.2.2EN 301489-19V2.1.1EN 301489-52V1.1.1EN 303413V1.1.1EN 300328V2.2.2EN 301893V2.1.1EN 301908-1V13.1.1EN 301908-2V11.1.1EN 301908-13V11.1.1EN 305550-2V1.2.1LeicaGeosystemsAG, [mmmdd, yyyy]HannesJuenDirectorGlobalQualityEngineering 14.5 14.5.1 Labelling BLK2FLY Conformity to National Regulations Labelling 14.5.2 BLK2FLY Aircraft Frequency bands Radio technology Frequency band [MHz]

Bluetooth BLE (039) 24002483.5 WLAN 2.4 GHz (111) 24012473 51705710 5 GHz (36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 48, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 100, 102, 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, 116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 132, 134, 136, 140) UMTS UMTS (FDD I) UL: 1950, DL: 2140 UMTS (FDD II) UL: 1880, DL: 1960 UMTS (FDD IV) UL: 1732.5, DL: 2132.5 UMTS (FDD V) UL: 836.5, DL: 881.5 UMTS (FDD VIII) UL: 897.5, DL: 942.5 UMTS (FDD IX) UL: 1767.4, DL: 1862.4 LTE LTE (FDD 1) LTE (FDD 2) LTE (FDD 3) LTE (FDD 4) LTE (FDD 5) LTE (FDD 7) LTE (FDD 8) LTE (FDD 9) UL: 19201980, DL: 21102170 UL: 18501910, DL: 19301990 UL: 17101785, DL: 18051880 UL: 17101755, DL: 21102155 UL: 824849, DL: 869894 UL: 25002570, DL: 26502690 UL: 880915, DL: 925960 UL: 1749.91784.9, DL: 1844.91879.9 Technical Data 113 22340_001Model: BLK2FLYArt. No.: 938405IP54WARNINGHAZARDOUS MOVING PARTSKEEP FINGERS AND OTHERBODY PARTS AWAY This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. IEC 60825-1:2014Complies with 21 CFR 1040.10 and 1040.11 except for conformance with IEC 60825-1 Ed. 3., as described in Laser Notice No.56, dated May 8 2019Leica Geosystems AGCH-9435 HeerbruggMade in Switzerland Radio technology Frequency band [MHz]

LTE (FDD 12) LTE (FDD 13) LTE (FDD 18) LTE (FDD 19) LTE (FDD 20) LTE (FDD 26) LTE (FDD 28) LTE (FDD 29) LTE (FDD 66) LTE (TDD 41) F1N (Sweep) GPS GPS GLONASS GLONASS Galileo Galileo BeiDou BeiDou SBAS QZSS QZSS Radar GNSS UL: 698718, DL: 728746 UL: 777787, DL: 746756 UL: 815830, DL: 860875 UL: 830845, DL: 875890 UL: 832862, DL: 791821 UL: 814849, DL: 859894 UL: 703748, DL: 758803 UL: n/a, DL: 717728 UL: 17101780, DL: 21102200 L1 C/A 1598.0625 1609.3125 L2 C 1242.9375 1251.6875 24962690 6010063900 L1 C/A 1575.42 L2 C 1227.6 E1 1575.42 E5b 1207.14 B1I 1561.098 B2I 1207.14 L1 1575.42 L1 C/A 1575.42 L2C 1227.6 2.4 GHz (111, HT20, 1SS) 2.4 GHz (111, OFDM, 2SS) 2.4 GHz (111, HT40, 1SS) 2.4 GHz (111, HT40, 2SS) 5 GHz (3664, OFDM, 1SS) 5 GHz (100144, OFDM, 1SS) 5 GHz (3664, HT20, 1SS) 5 GHz (3664, HT20, 2SS) 5 GHz (3664, HT40, 1SS) 5 GHz (3664, HT40, 2SS) 5 GHz (100144, HT20, 1SS) 5 GHz (100144, HT20, 2SS) 6 13 13 10 13 10 10 13 10 10 10 10 13 13 Output power Radio technology Output power

[dBm] [Conducted]

Bluetooth BLE (039) WLAN 2.4 GHz (111, OFDM, 1SS) 114 Technical Data UMTS LTE UMTS (FDD, all) LTE (FDD, all) LTE (TDD, all) Radar 60100063900 23 (1) 23 (1) 22 (1) 8 Rated antenna gain Radio technology Frequency band [MHz]

Peak gain [dBi]

Radio technology Output power

[dBm] [Conducted]

5 GHz (100144, HT40, 1SS) 5 GHz (100144, HT40, 2SS) 5 GHz (3664, VHT20, 1SS) 5 GHz (3664, VHT20, 2SS) 5 GHz (3664, VHT40, 1SS) 5 GHz (3664, VHT40, 2SS) 5 GHz (3664, VHT80, 1SS) 5 GHz (3664, VHT80, 2SS) 5 GHz (100144, VHT20, 1SS) 5 GHz (100144, VHT20, 2SS) 5 GHz (100144, VHT40, 1SS) 5 GHz (100144, VHT40, 2SS) 5 GHz (100144, VHT80, 1SS) 5 GHz (100144, VHT80, 2SS) Bluetooth WLAN UMTS LTE 24002483.5 24012473 51705710 UMTS (FDD I) UMTS (FDD II) UMTS (FDD IV) UMTS (FDD V) UMTS (FDD VIII) UMTS (FDD IX) LTE (FDD 1) LTE (FDD 2) LTE (FDD 3) LTE (FDD 4) LTE (FDD 5) LTE (FDD 7) LTE (FDD 8) LTE (FDD 9) LTE (FDD 12) 13 13 10 10 10 10 10 10 16 13 16 13 16 13 3.5 3.5 4.8 3.6 3.8 2.3 3.0 2.3 1.7 3.6 3.8 2.3 2.3 3.0 2.5 2.3 1.7 1.0 Technical Data 115 Europe USA Radio technology Frequency band [MHz]

Peak gain [dBi]

LTE (FDD 13) LTE (FDD 18) LTE (FDD 19) LTE (FDD 20) LTE (FDD 26) LTE (FDD 28) LTE (FDD 29) LTE (FDD 66) LTE (TDD 41) 2.2 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.0 1.2 2.3 3.0 8.1 RX only Radar 6010063900 Hereby, Leica Geosystems AG declares that the radio equipment type BLK2FLY is in compliance with Directive 2014/53/EU and other applicable European Directives. FCC ID: RFD-BLK2FLY FCC Part 15 This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:

1. 2. This device may not cause harmful interference, and This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, it may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference does not occur in a particu-

lar installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television recep-

tion, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver. Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. Changes or modifications not expressly approved by Leica Geosystems for compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment. 116 Technical Data Leicas Ictos device integrated in the BLK2FLY (938405) is certified and must be operated in accordance with the following requirements of the FCC Waiver DA 20-795 (Section 10):

1. The Leica Ictos device is certified for compliance with all the technical specifications applicable to operation under 47 CFR part 15, with the exception of the following provisions in: 1) 47 CFR 15.255(a)(2), which is waived to allow the device to operate under the provisions of 47 CFR 15.255 as a mobile field disturbance sensor;

2. 47 CFR 15.255(b)(2), which is waived to allow the device to operate on-board a UA while not being part of a closed, exclusive on-board com-

munication networks within the aircraft; and 3) 47 CFR 15.255(c)(3), which is waived to allow the device to operate in the 60-64 GHz band at a maximum +19 dBm peak EIRP. The Leica Ictos device is installed to transmit on a horizontal plane with respect to the UA on which it is mounted to limit emissions above the horizon. Operation is limited to line-of-sight only. The Leica Ictos device comply with the following technical characteristics:

a) intentional emissions will be contained to the 60-64 GHz band; b) out-

of-band emissions will not exceed 51.3 dBm EIRP/MHz; c) transmit duty cycle will not exceed 50% over any 40 milliseconds interval; and d) trans-

mission will occur only when the device is in motion. Leica Ictos devices is allowed to operate below a maximum altitude of 400 feet above ground level, unless the small unmanned aircraft: (1) is flown within a 400foot radius of a structure; and (2) does not fly higher than 400 feet above the structure's immediate uppermost limit. 3. 4. 5. 6. U.S. sales will not exceed 400 Leica Ictos devices in the first year and up to 800 per year for subsequent years. The Leica Ictos device is not be marketed for retail consumer markets. This waiver and its conditions apply only to the Leica Ictos device installed on a UA as described herein and are not to be considered to apply gener-

ally to other field disturbance sensors or radars. A copy of this Order will be provided with the application for certification of the Leica Ictos device. 7. Others The conformity for countries with other national regulations has to be approved prior to use and operation. 14.6 Dangerous Goods Regulations Dangerous Goods Regulations Many products of Leica Geosystems are powered by Lithium batteries. Lithium batteries can be dangerous under certain conditions and can pose a safety hazard. In certain conditions, Lithium batteries can overheat and ignite. When carrying or shipping your Leica product with Lithium batteries onboard a commercial aircraft, you must do so in accordance with the IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations. Leica Geosystems has developed Guidelines on How to carry Leica products and How to ship Leica products with Lithium batteries. Before any transportation of a Leica product, we ask you to consult these guidelines on our web page (IATA Lithium Batteries) to ensure that you are in accordance with the IATA Dangerous Goods Regula-

tions and that the Leica products can be transported correctly. Technical Data 117 Damaged or defective batteries are prohibited from being carried or transported onboard any aircraft. Therefore, ensure that the condi-

tion of any battery is safe for transportation. 118 Technical Data 15 Software Licence Agreement/Warranty Software Licence Agreement This product contains software that is preinstalled on the product, or that is supplied to you on a data carrier medium, or that can be downloaded by you online according to prior authorisation from Leica Geosystems. Such software is protected by copyright and other laws and its use is defined and regulated by the Leica Geosystems Software Licence Agreement, which covers aspects such as, but not limited to, Scope of the Licence, Warranty, Intellectual Property Rights, Limitation of Liability, Exclusion of other Assurances, Govern-

ing Law and Place of Jurisdiction. Please make sure, that at any time you fully comply with the terms and conditions of the Leica Geosystems Software Licence Agreement. Such agreement is provided together with all products and can also be referred to and downloaded at the Leica Geosystems home page at Hexagon Legal Documents or collected from your Leica Geosystems distrib-

utor. You must not install or use the software unless you have read and accepted the terms and conditions of the Leica Geosystems Software Licence Agree-

ment. Installation or use of the software or any part thereof, is deemed to be an acceptance of all the terms and conditions of such Licence Agreement. If you do not agree to all or some of the terms of such Licence Agreement, you must not download, install or use the software and you must return the unused software together with its accompanying documentation and the purchase receipt to the distributor from whom you purchased the product within ten (10) days of purchase to obtain a full refund of the purchase price. Software Licence Agreement/Warranty 119 Original text Printed in Switzerland, 2022 Leica Geosystems AG 947309-1.1.0en Leica Geosystems AG Heinrich-Wild-Strasse 9435 Heerbrugg Switzerland www.leica-geosystems.com

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Labelling 253212 Fly-123456 1: 877000 Date: 08.2021 FCC ID: RFD-BLK2FLY IG: 3177A-BLK2FLY

| CTA.2063: 17206505050 UAV registration number a 22340.001

 

 

Federal Communications Commission Equipment Authorization Branch 7435 Oakland Mills Road Columbia, MD 21046 12/12/2021 Request for Permanent Confidentiality Company name: Leica Geosystems AG FCC ID: RFD-BLK2FLY FCC Part 15 Certification Gentlemen, In accordance with CFR 47 0.457 and CFR 47 0.459 Leica Geosystems AG hereby requests confidentiality of following attachments:

(1) schematic diagrams,

(2) detailed block diagrams,

(3) detailed operational descriptions,

(4) parts lists. These documents contain detailed system and equipment description and related information about the product which Leica Geosystems AG considers to be proprietary, confidential and a custom design and otherwise would not release to the general public. Since the design is a basis from which future technological products will evolve, Leica Geosystems AG considers that this information would be of benefit to its competitors and that the disclosure of the information in these documents would give competitors an unfair advantage in the market. Sincerely, Signature Paul Hmmerle Quality Manager Innovation Heinrich Wild Strasse 1 CH-9435 Heerbrugg Switzerland Leica Geosystems AG Heinrich-Wild-Strasse CH-9435 Heerbrugg Schweiz Phone +41 71 727 31 31 www.leica-geosystems.com

 

 

Federal Communications Commission Authorization and Evaluation Division Equipment Authorization Branch 7435 Oakland Mills Road Columbia, MD 21046 To whom it may concern:

Sincerely, Signature Paul Hmmerle Quality Manager Innovations Leica Geosystems AG We, the undersigned, hereby authorize Eurofins Product Service GmbH to act on our behalf in all matters relating to applications for equipment authorization FCC ID: RFD-BLK2FLY including the signing of all documents related to these matters. as acts of our own. Any and all acts carried out by Eurofins Product Service GmbH on our behalf shall have the same effect We also hereby certify that no party to this application is subject to a denial of benefits, including FCC benefits, pursuant to Section 5301 of the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988, 21 U.S.C. 862. 12/12/2021 Leica Geosystems AG Heinrich-Wild-Strasse CH-9435 Heerbrugg Schweiz Phone +41 71 727 31 31 www.leica-geosystems.com

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

e

- when it has to be right Seica Geosystems Declaration Declaration of automatically turning off measurement in hover We Name: Leica Geosystems AG Address: Heinrich-Wild-Strasse City: Heerbrugg Country: Switzerland In accordance to waiver DA 20-795 Declare that:

The UAV carrying the Ictos system is programmed in a way that detects the hovering of the UAV and turns off the Ictos sensor in case of hovering. Pascal Strupler Fabio Diem Product Manager R&D Manager Leica Geosystems AG Heinrich-Wild-Strasse CH-9435 Heerbrugg Schweiz Phone +41 71 727 31 31 www.leica-geosystems.com

 

 

S

- when it has to be right Sica Geosystems Declaration Declaration of flight envelope restrictions We Name: Leica Geosystems AG Address: Heinrich-Wild-Strasse City: Heerbrugg Country: Switzerland In accordance to waiver DA 20-795 Declare that:

The user manual of the UAV equipped with the Ictos system will comprise the following flight restrictions:

The UAV shall only be operate below a maximum altitude of 400 feet above ground level, unless the small unmanned aircraft: (1) is flown within a 400-foot radius of a structure; and (2) does not fly higher than 400 feet above the structure's immediate uppermost limit. TD x Str Tha- OW Pascal Strupler Fabio Diem Product Manager R&D Manager Leica Geosystems AG Heinrich-Wild-Strasse CH-9435 Heerbrugg Schweiz Phone +41 71 727 31 31 www.leica-geosystems.com

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Federal Communications Commission DA 20-795 Before the Federal Communications Commission Washington, D.C. 20554 In the Matter of Leica Geosystems AG Request for Waiver of Section 15.255 of the Commissions Rules Applicable to Radars used on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in the 60-64 GHz Frequency Band

) ET Docket No. 19-350 ORDER Adopted: July 28, 2020 Released: July 28, 2020 By the Acting Chief, Office of Engineering and Technology:

I. INTRODUCTION 1. By this Order, we grant a request by Leica Geosystems AG (Leica)1 for waiver of sections 15.255(a)(2), (b)(2), and (c)(3) of the rules governing mobile field disturbance sensors to permit the certification and marketing of its Ictos system (Ictos) to operate in the 60-64 GHz band aboard unmanned aircraft (UA) and at a higher power level than the rule permits.2 The Ictos is a specialized system that will be deployed in a limited number of commercial UA used for visual inspection of structures. It is designed to prevent the UA from colliding with the structure or other fixed objects. II. BACKGROUND 2. The 60-64 GHz band is allocated on a co-primary basis to the Federal Mobile, Fixed, Inter-Satellite and Radiolocation services; and to non-Federal Fixed, Mobile and Radiolocation services.3 Currently, in the 60-64 GHz band, there are 21 Federal authorizations and 20 FCC-issued licenses in the band. Industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) equipment may also operate in the band at 61.00-61.50 GHz, pursuant to Part 18 of the Commissions rules.4 In addition, the lower-adjacent bands are allocated on a primary basis to the Earth-Exploration-Satellite Service (EESS) (passive) and are used by satellite-based remote sensing instruments to make important atmospheric, oceanic and land measurements of the Earth.5 1. The 60-64 GHz band is a subset of the unlicensed 57-71 GHz band that is governed by section 15.255 of the rules.6 The Part 15 rules are designed to permit the low-power operation of devices without an individual license where such use is not anticipated to cause harmful interference to other 1 Leica Geosystems AGs Request for Waiver of part 15 of the Commissions Rules to Market a UAV Collision Avoidance Radar (filed Sep 5, 2019) (Request). 2 47 CFR 15.255(a)(2), (b)(2), and (c)(3). 3 47 CFR. 2.106 Note 5.138. 4 47 CFR. 18.301. 5 See 47 CFR. 2.106. 6 47 CFR 15.255 et seq. Federal Communications Commission DA 20-795 users of the radio spectrum.7 Section 15.255 of the rules stipulates operational policies and technical parameters for the 57-71 GHz band.8 Unlicensed devices in this band generally include indoor communication networking devices such as WiGig,9 outdoor fixed point-to-point communication links,10 and field disturbance sensors that are either fixed or used as special short-range devices for interactive motion sensing.11 The rules prohibit general mobile radar operation. Specifically, section 15.255(a)(2) prohibits vehicle radars from operating in this band.12 Section 15.255(b)(2) further prohibits operation on-board aircraft, except under specific conditions, e.g., only in closed exclusive on-board communication networks within the aircraft; this section also specifically prohibits operation on-board UA.13 Section 15.255(c)(3) specifies that the peak transmitter conducted output power shall not exceed -

10 dBm and the peak EIRP level shall not exceed 10 dBm.14 2. The Ictos is designed to operate as a Part 15 device that will be installed on UA used for close-up flights around building structures.15 Leica explains that the Ictos will be used to prevent the UA from colliding with the structure the UA is inspecting or with other objects.16 Leica further states that using the 60-64 GHz frequency range will permit the detection and avoidance of thin objects, such as cables, down to 2.5 mm in width. It also asserts that this choice of frequencies, together with specified power and out-of-band emissions and conditions on sales and use, will avoid interference to other spectrum users in the band, including the passive EESS operations.17 3. The Office of Engineering and Technology (OET) issued a Public Notice soliciting comments on Leicas waiver request on November 21, 2019.18 The National Academy of Sciences Committee on Radio Frequencies (CORF) and Facebook, Inc. (Facebook) filed comments and Leica filed 7 47 CFR 15.1 et seq. The fundamental operating conditions under part 15 are that the operator of a part 15 device must accept whatever interference is received and must correct whatever harmful interference it caused. Should harmful interference occur, the operator is required to immediately correct the interference problem, even if correction of the problem requires ceasing operation of the part 15 equipment causing interference. See 47 CFR 15.5. 8 47 CFR 15.255. See Revision of Part 15 of the Commissions Rules Regarding Operation in the 57-64 GHz Band, ET Docket No. 07-113, FCC 13-112, Report and Order, 28 FCC Rcd 12517 (2013). The rules were further amended in 2016 to specifically permit certain types of field disturbance sensors. See Use of Spectrum Bands Above 24 GHz For Mobile Radio Services, GN Docket 14-117, FCC 16-89, Report and Order and Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, 31 FCC Rcd 8014 (2016). 9 See Wi-Fi Alliance, Wi-Fi Certified WiGig, http://www.wi-fi.org/discover-wi-fi/wigig-certified. 10 See e.g., http://www.airlinx.com; https://www.ignitenet.com/technology/metrolinq/. 11 See https://atap.google.com/soli/. 12 47 CFR 15.255(a)(2). 13 47 CFR 15.255(b)(2). 14 47 CFR 15.255(c)(3). 16 Request at 3. 17 Request at 12. 15 The UA could be used for a variety of specialized activities including, for example, close-up visual surveying of roofs to optimize planning for solar panel installation and visual surveying of archeological sites for computer-aided analysis and documentation. 18 See OET Seeks Comment on LEICA Geosystems AG's Request for Waiver of Section 15.255 of the Rules to Operate Radars on a Commercial unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), ET Docket No. 19-350, Public Notice, DA 19-1198, 34 FCC Rcd 10521 (2019). 2 Federal Communications Commission DA 20-795 reply comments.19 CORF states that it can support Leicas request, as long as the Ictos device complies with the proposed specific parameters designed to limit the potential that EESS observations would be negatively affected: a guard band to separate the intentional emissions from neighboring EESS allocations, the small number Ictos deployments within the United States, and the specified low intensity of out-of-band, spurious, and unwanted emissions into the EESS bands.20 While Facebook urges the Commission to initiate a rulemaking proceeding to provide clearer guidance on radar uses in the 60 GHz band, given the magnitude of interest in theband,21 it also states that, if the Commission instead determines to address Leicas request on an ad hoc basis, it requests that the Commission consider the potential harmful interference that could result on existing users in the band and establish Leicas proposed limitation of the waiver to 800 devices per year as a condition to any waiver granted.22 III. DISCUSSION 4. We are authorized to grant a waiver under section 1.3 of the Commissions rules if the petitioner demonstrates good cause for such action.23 Good cause, in turn, may be found and a waiver granted where particular facts would make strict compliance inconsistent with the public interest.24 To satisfy this public interest requirement, the waiver cannot undermine the purposes of the rule, and there must be a stronger public interest benefit in granting the waiver than in applying the rule.25 We find that the grant of a limited waiver allowing a small number of Ictos devices to operate at the requested power levels on board UA in the 60-64 GHz band, with appropriate conditions, will not materially change the operating environment and thus will not increase potential harmful interference to other users in the 57-71 GHz band. Grant of the waiver will, however, provide substantial public benefit in improving safety and enhancing opportunities for scientific, commercial, and engineering applications. 5. As an initial matter, we are treating the Ictos as a field disturbance sensor and acting on the portion of Leicas request that pertains to waiver of sections 15.255(a)(2), (b)(2) and (c)(3) of the rules.26 While Leica asserts that its Ictos is not a field disturbance sensor as defined in the rules and should be treated as a radar (which it asserts would then only require a waiver of section 15.255(b)(2)),27 19 In addition, a joint comment from 7 parties (Facebook, Google, Samsung, Qualcomm, Intel, Infineon, Socionext America) was filed ex parte on Feb. 3, 2020 to urge the FCC to open a rulemaking proceeding to ensure reasonable co-existence of all technologies in the 60 GHz band, instead of granting ad hoc germane waiver requests. 20 CORF Comments at 1. 21 Facebook Comments at 1. The Commission has received at least one more waiver request for expanded usage by radars in the 57-64 GHz band, and Commission staff have been consulted on additional radar uses in this frequency band by other interested parties. See, e.g., OET Seeks Comments on Vayyar Imaging LTD. Request for Waiver of Sections 15.255(b)(2) and 15.255(c)(3) of the Commission's Rules for Radars Used for Interactive Motion Sensing in the 57-64 GHz Band, ET Docket No. 20-15, Public Notice, DA 20-68, 35 FCC Rcd 500 (2020). 22 Facebook Comments at 1. 23 47 CFR 1.3; see also ICO Global Communications (Holdings) Limited v. FCC, 428 F.3d 264 (D.C. Cir. 2005);

Northeast Cellular Telephone Co. v. FCC, 897 F.2d 1164 (D.C. Cir. 1990); WAIT Radio v. FCC, 418 F.2d 1153

(D.C. Cir. 1969). 24 Northeast Cellular, 897 F.2d at 1166; see also ICO Global Communications, 428 F.3d at 269 (quoting Northeast Cellular); WAIT Radio, 418 F.2d at 1157-59. 25 See, e.g., WAIT Radio, 418 F.2d at 1157 (stating that even though the overall objectives of a general rule have been adjudged to be in the public interest, it is possible that application of the rule to a specific case may not serve the public interest if an applicants proposal does not undermine the public interest policy served by the rule);

Northeast Cellular, 897 F.2d at 1166 (stating that in granting a waiver, an agency must explain why deviation from the general rule better serves the public interest than would strict adherence to the rule). 26 Request at 8 and 11-12. 27 47 CFR 15.3(l); Request at 5-8. 3 Federal Communications Commission DA 20-795 we recognize that the Commission has a long history of considering radar devices in part 15 of the rules to constitute a subset of field disturbance sensors.28 Evaluating the Ictos as a field disturbance sensor allows us to grant the requested relief under our delegated authority in a manner that is consistent with established precedent. 6. Section 15.255(a)(2) explicitly prohibits the operation of field disturbance sensors, with limited exceptions that do not apply to Leicas proposed operations. The rule is designed to mitigate against the risk of harmful interference by limiting unlicensed use to a limited set of applications.29 We find that the specialized use model of the Ictos and the limitation on the number of units Leica has agreed to will not undermine this intent. Because the Ictos is not an off-the-shelf consumer product but is instead limited to scientific, commercial and engineering applications,30 we find that allowing a small number of these units to operate will not cause harmful interference to other services in this band for several reasons. First, the Ictos device operates in the 60-64 GHz subset band of the larger 57-71 GHz band covered under section 15.255; the Ictos thus avoids the EESS passive service at 57-59.3 GHz band, resulting in a natural guard band from 59.3 GHz to 60 GHz that will protect EESS operations. Second, the Ictos only operates while the UA is in motion (and is turned off when the UA is hovering);31 and because 60 GHz communication systems tend to use narrow antenna beams, especially in fixed point-to-point outdoor communication links,32 any harmful interference potential would be very short-lived. Finally, as we will limit the number of Ictos devices per year, the use of the Ictos device will be restricted and contained. Accordingly, we find that the Ictos device will not increase the potential for harmful interference to other services in the 60-64 GHz band, thus a waiver of section 15.255(a)(2) would not undermine the purpose of our rules. 28 The definition for FDS sensors was adopted in 1971, in Amendment of Part 15 of the Commission's Rules to Add Regulations Governing the Use of Field Disturbance Sensors (Formerly Designated as Radio Frequency Operated Intruder Alarms), Docket No. 13863, FCC 71-873, Report and Order, 31 FCC 2nd 210 (1971). The Commission did express that it will interpose no objection to the operation of speed measuring equipment (or other radiolocation devices) under the regulations for field disturbance sensors while discussing radars in this context. Id., at para. 21. In 1995, the Commission adopted the rules prohibiting FDS, specifically mobile FDS in in 47 CFR 15.255 in Amendment of parts 2, 15, and 97 of the Commission's Rules to Permit Use of Radio Frequencies Above 40 GHz for New Radio Applications, ET Docket No. 94-124, FCC 95-499, First Report and Order, 11 FCC Rcd. 4481, 4496

(1995); in 2002, the Commission adopted rules for UWB radars in 47 CFR 15.503 & 15.515, specifically defining radars as FDS in Revision of Part 15 of the Commissions Rules Regarding Ultra-Wideband Transmission Systems, ET Docket No. 98-153, FCC 02-48, First Report and Order, 17 FCC Rcd 7435 (2002); in 2003, the Commission adopted rules for vehicular radars in 47 CFR 15.252, specifically labeling vehicular radars as FDS in Revision of Part 15 of the Commissions Rules Regarding Ultra-Wideband Transmission Systems, ET Docket No. 98-153, FCC 04-285, Second Report and Order, 19 FCC Rcd 24558 (2003). 29 Originally, when it was adopted in 1995, section 15.255(a)(2) prohibited operation of all field disturbance sensors in the 57-64 GHz band. See Amendment of parts 2, 15, and 97 of the Commission's Rules to Permit Use of Radio Frequencies Above 40 GHz for New Radio Applications, ET Docket No. 94-124, FCC 95-499, First Report and Oder, 11 FCC Rcd 4481 (1995). However, later, in 1997, the Commission made an exception for sensors in certain fixed industrial applications (speed control, fluid level, and motion detection functions, etc.). Amendment of parts 2, 15, and 97 of the Commission's Rules to Permit Use of Radio Frequencies Above 40 GHz for New Radio Applications, ET Docket No. 94-124, FCC 97-267, Memorandum Opinion and Order and Fourth Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, 12 FCC Rcd 12212 (1997). 30 Leica states that commercial UAVs that would benefit from the Ictos radar have US-dollar prices in six digits;

the device does not target the mass consumer market. Request at 12. 31 Request at 12. 32 Fixed point-to-point 60 GHz transmitters are allowed to operate at very high power levels but must use very narrow antenna beamwidths. 47 CFR 15.255(c)(1)(ii). See also Revision of Part 15 of the Commissions Rules Regarding Operation in the 57-64 GHz Band, ET Docket 07-113, FCC 13-112, Report and Order, 28 FCC Rcd 12517 (2013). 4 Federal Communications Commission DA 20-795 7. We next address the waiver of the on-board aircraft requirements of section 15.255(b)(2). This section allows 60 GHz transmitters to operate on-board aircraft that are equipped with a high radio frequency (RF) attenuation body (e.g., commercial airliners) while forming a closed exclusive on-board communication networks within the aircraft.33 The rule specifically prohibits operation of 60 GHz transmitters on-board UA; these type of aircraft do not provide substantial RF shielding. The rule serves to protect EESS observations as well as Radio Astronomy Service (RAS) operations.34 Although the Ictos device will be installed on a UA, we find that, given its on-the-air limited operation (operation while the UA is in motion only and not when the UA is hovering); the choice of operating frequency band that avoids the passive EESS band; and the limited number of installations and specialized use, the Ictos would not cause harmful interference to EESS users. The natural guard band between the EESS passive service at 57-59.3 GHz and the Ictos operating band at 60-64 GHz protects EESS users. Regarding RAS, for which there is no allocation in the 57-71 GHz band, our strict out-of-band limits in the rules already prevent any increase in potential harmful interference caused by the Ictos operation. Furthermore, the Ictos would operate with out-of-band emissions that are 10 dB lower than our limit for frequencies below 40 GHz, and 41.3 dB lower than our limit in the 40-200 GHz band.35 We therefore find that with the restrictions as discussed above, the Ictos device will not increase the potential for harmful interference to other services in the 57-71 GHz band. Accordingly, a waiver of section 15.255(b)(2) would not undermine the purpose of our rules. 8. Finally, we address the waiver of the FDS transmit power limits in section 15.255(c)(3). This section limits the peak EIRP level to less than +10 dBm to protect communication devices that operate in the band.36 The Ictos device transmits at 0 dBm average EIRP37 and +19 dBm peak EIRP. We find that, based on how the Ictos will operate, a 9 dB increase in peak EIRP will not cause harmful interference to other users in the 60-64 GHz band. The high oxygen attenuation at frequencies around 60 GHz, added to the fact that the UA is mostly in motion, will serve to mitigate any potential for harmful interference to other users. In addition, as discussed above, fixed outdoor point-to-point 60 GHz transmitters use narrow antenna beams, thus the likelihood that a UA equipped with the Ictos device would be located within the antenna beamwidth of these transmitters is very small. Accordingly, we find that with the restrictions as discussed above, Leicas Ictos device will not increase the potential for harmful interference to other services in the 57-71 GHz band, thus a waiver of section 15.255(c)(3) would not undermine the purpose of our rules. 9. In addition, we find that there is a stronger public interest benefit in granting this waiver than in strictly applying the rule. The ability to safely operate a UA close to a structure opens a number of engineering and scientific applications that are not otherwise practicable.38 Such benefits can be achieved, as Leica asserts, by operating in the 60-64 GHz band to maximize the Ictos devices detection 33 This refers to entertainment systems that deliver movies and music to passengers on-board commercial aircraft. 47 CFR 15.255(b). 34 See Amendment of Parts 2, 15, and 97 of the Commission's Rules to Permit Use of Frequencies Above 40 GHz for New Radio Applications, ET Docket No. 94-124, FCC 95-499, First Report and Order and Second FNPRM, 11 FCC Rcd 4481, 4496-97, para. 35 (1995). 35 Leica states that the Ictos out-of-band emissions do not exceed -51.3 dBm EIRP/MHz. Request at 12. Section 15.255(d)(2) limits out-of-band emissions to the general limit in section 15.209 (equivalent to an EIRP level of

-41.3 dBm) below 40 GHz; and to 90 pW/cm2 (equivalent to an EIRP level of -10 dBm) between 40 GHz and 200 GHz. 36 47 CFR 15.255(c)(3). The Ictos system transmits at 0 dBm average EIRP and +18.7 dBm peak EIRP. 37 The rules do not limit the average EIRP level, only the peak EIRP. 38 Request at 1. Leica states that, currently, safety considerations require planning the UA flight path in aerial free space above all possible collision hazards; this typically limits inspections to top-down views, which in turn confines applications to simple environments such as open-pit mines, earth work, and open landscapes. Id. At 2. 5 Federal Communications Commission DA 20-795 of thin objects, such as cables, down to 2.5 mm in width, thus avoiding collision with building structures and falling debris from the collision.39 This ability would improve safety considerations for property and people, and could facilitate applications such as assessing structural integrity of buildings in danger of collapse after natural disasters.40 We thus find good cause exists for granting Leica a waiver of sections 15.255(a)(2), (b)(2) and (c)(3) of the Commissions rules. While a waiver is an appropriate means to address this narrow and specialized application, we also acknowledge Facebooks comments. While this waiver is based on Leicas unique and compelling circumstances, nothing precludes the issuance of a rulemaking proceeding in which the Commission can undertake a more comprehensive examination of section 15.255 of the rules. Finally, we note that the operation of UA is subject to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regulations, and this waiver grant does not affect obligations under applicable FAA regulations. Users should check with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) for guidance and authorization as necessary prior to use. 10. To ensure that harmful interference to authorized operations and other spectrum users will not occur, we impose explicit conditions on the installation, operation and certification of the Leica Ictos device under this waiver, as follows:

1) The Leica Ictos device shall be certified for compliance with all the technical specifications applicable to operation under 47 CFR part 15, with the exception of the following provisions in: 1) 47 CFR 15.255(a)(2), which is waived to allow the device to operate under the provisions of 47 CFR 15.255 as a mobile field disturbance sensor;

2) 47 CFR 15.255(b)(2), which is waived to allow the device to operate on-board a UA while not being part of a closed, exclusive on-board communication networks within the aircraft; and 3) 47 CFR 15.255(c)(3), which is waived to allow the device to operate in the 60-64 GHz band at a maximum +19 dBm peak EIRP. 3) The Leica Ictos device shall be installed to transmit on a horizontal plane with respect to the UA on which it is mounted to limit emissions above the horizon. Operation shall be limited to line-of-sight only. 4) The Leica Ictos device shall comply with the following technical characteristics: a) intentional emissions shall be contained to the 60-64 GHz band; b) out-of-band emissions shall not exceed -51.3 dBm EIRP/MHz; c) transmit duty cycle shall not exceed 50% over any 40 milliseconds interval; and d) transmission shall occur only when the device is in motion. 5) Leica Ictos devices shall operate below a maximum altitude of 400 feet above ground level, unless the small unmanned aircraft: (1) is flown within a 400-foot radius of a structure; and (2) does not fly higher than 400 feet above the structure's immediate uppermost limit. 6) U.S. sales shall not exceed 400 Leica Ictos devices in the first year and up to 800 per year for subsequent years. The Leica Ictos device shall not be marketed for retail consumer markets. 7) This waiver and its conditions shall apply only to the Leica Ictos device installed on a UA as described herein and are not to be considered to apply generally to other field disturbance sensors or radars. A copy of this Order shall be provided with the application for certification of the Leica Ictos device. 39 Request at 3. 40 Request at 2. 6 Federal Communications Commission DA 20-795 11. Accordingly, pursuant to authority in Sections 0.31, 0.241, and 1.3 of the Commissions rules, 47 CFR 0.21, 0.241, and 1.3, and Sections 4(i), 302, 303(e), and 303(r) of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended, 47 U.S.C. 154(i), 302, 303(e), and 303(r), IT IS ORDERED that the Request for Waiver filed by Leica Geosystems AG IS GRANTED, consistent with the terms of this Order. This action is effective upon release of this Order. 12. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that, if no petitions for reconsideration or applications for review are timely filed, this proceeding SHALL BE TERMINATED, and the docket CLOSED. FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION Ronald T. Repasi Acting Chief, Office of Engineering and Technology 7

 

 

- when it has to be right CLca Geosystems Declaration of Waiver Conditions To whom it may concern Here we confirm that our product under FCC ID: RFD-BLK2FLY is fully compliant with the special conditions (Section 10) of the FCC Waiver DA 20-795 released on July 28, 2020. Following conditions are applicable and met:

1) The Leica Ictos' device is certified for compliance with all the technical specifications applicable to operation under 47 CFR part 15, with the exception of the following provisions in: 1) 47 CFR 15.255(a)(2), which is waived to allow the device to operate under the provisions of 47 CFR 15.255 as a mobile field disturbance sensor;

2) 47 CFR 15.255(b)(2), which is waived to allow the device to operate on-board a UA while not being part of a closed, exclusive on-board communication networks within the aircraft; and 3) 47 CFR 15.255(c)(3), which is waived to allow the device to operate in the 60-64 GHz band at a maximum +19 dBm peak EIRP. 3) The Leica Ictos' device is installed to transmit on a horizontal plane with respect to the UA on which it is mounted to limit emissions above the horizon. Operation is limited to line-of-sight only. In detail, the Leica Ictos' radar antenna is designed to have a narrow vertical radiation pattern as shown in Figure 1 as example, all measurements are documented in V-ACR-HEX-O0AAO TX Antennendiagramm.pdf and V-ACRSP-

HEX-O0DA0 TX Antennendiagramm.pdf which are uploaded as a part of this application filling. 330" 5 30 300 20-| 60"

. YA 2 (yn ae 30 f oo 270 4938 ). 90

/ t ; ol 240" i\ ae "120 210 ! 150 180 Figure 1 V-ACR-HEX-O0AA0 TX1 Elevation 60GHz On the UAV the Leica Ictos radar modules are mounted in the back of the UAV on a horizontal plane and on the right and left side with a 3 tilted down angle from the horizontal plane. The flight principle of a quadrotor UAV is to tilt the vehicle into the direction where motion is desired. For this the flight control system controls the UAV angles 1 At the time of the application (2020) of the waiver Leica chose the Name Ictos for the device, which has now been changed to BLK2FLY. No further changes were made. Leica Geosystems AG Heinrich-Wild-Strasse CH-9435 Heerbrugg Switzerland Phone +41 71 727 31 31 140072QM.doc 1/3 www.leica-geosystems.com very precisely in a relatively small range of angles. Figure 2 shows the distribution of angles used in normal flight conditions. As a safety layer the maximum flight angles the UAV during operation is limited by the flight controller to

+-35. Oval this system design ensures minimal emissions in vertical directions. Number of Samples

a 05 i) 5 10 15 20 25 30 UAV Tilt Angle [degree]

Figure 2 UAV tilt angle distribution recorded during 10h of flight time 4) The Leica Ictos' device comply with the following technical characteristics:

a) intentional emissions will be contained to the 60-64 GHz band;

b) out-of-band emissions will not exceed -51.3 dBm EIRP/MHz;

Cc) transmit duty cycle will not exceed 50% over any 40 milliseconds interval; and d) transmission will occur only when the device is in motion. 5) Leica Ictos' devices is allowed to operate below a maximum altitude of 400 feet above ground level, unless the small unmanned aircraft:

(1) is flown within a 400-foot radius of a structure;

and

(2) does not fly higher than 400 feet above the structure's immediate uppermost limit. 6) U.S. sales will not exceed 400 Leica Ictos' devices in the first year and up to 800 per year for subsequent years. The Leica Ictos' device is not be marketed for retail consumer markets. BLK2FLY is a highly specialized scanning device for the reality capture and surveying market. With its dual-axis LiDAR payload it is aimed at business markets only and with a price of 56000 USD in a premium segment thereof. Due to this the expected product demand in the USA is lower than 400 devices per year. In the unlikely case of a higher demand, we would limit sales accordingly. 7) This waiver and its conditions apply only to the Leica Ictos' device installed on a UA as described herein and are not to be considered to apply generally to other field disturbance sensors or radars. A copy of this Order will be provided with the application for certification of the Leica Ictos' device. Leica Geosystems AG Heinrich-Wild-Strasse CH-9435 Heerbrugg Switzerland Tel. +41 71 727 31 31 2/3 www.leica-geosystems.com This declaration is issued based on our current status of design and manufacturing. Leica Geosystems AG, 2022-03-04 ie aul CS= vA 39. i Paul Hammerle Pascal Strupler Quality Manager Innovation Business Director Autonomous RC Leica Geosystems AG Hexagon Geosystems Services AG Leica Geosystems AG Heinrich-Wild-Strasse CH-9435 Heerbrugg Switzerland Tel. +41 71 727 31 31 3/3 www.leica-geosystems.com