FCC ID: PFVCSPICE001 Frequency Translating Repeater System

SPICE HARDWARE GUIDE a guide to installing and using SPICE hardware littlefeet, inc. January, 2000 The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Littlefeet is not responsible for errors contained in this document, nor for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the use of this manual. Copyright 2000, Littlefeet, Inc. All rights reserved. Littlefeet, SPICE, bSPICE, cSPICE, OMC-SPICE, SST are registered trademarks of Littlefeet, Inc. Adobe and Acrobat Reader are trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Cisco, Cisco Systems, and the Cisco Systems logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Cisco Systems, Inc. or its affiliates. This material is not sponsored by, endorsed by, or affiliated with Cisco Systems, Inc. Sun, SPARC and Solaris are trademarks of the Sun Microsystems, Inc. UNIX is a registered trademark of X/Open Company Limited. Microsoft and Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. All other products or services mentioned in this manual are covered by the trademarks, service marks, or product names as designated by the companies who market those products. Littlefeet, Inc. 13000 Gregg Street Poway, CA 92064 858.375.6400 www.littlefeet-inc.com Document Number:

550001 ZERO contents ONE introduction about Littlefeet, Inc. about this documentation . TWO system overview concepts and terminology . system components . THREE installing SPICE concepts and terminology . installation overview . installation equipment. installing bSPICE. install modem antenna. install dessicant . install power supply . mount the unit . connect power . notify OMC . installing cSPICE. verify site . install coverage antennas. install dessicant . install power supply . determine link antenna orientation. mount the unit . check alignment . ground unit. connect power . notify OMC . 1 1 1 3 3 4 5 5 6 7 8 9 9 9 11 11 13 14 15 20 21 22 22 24 27 27 28 29 FOUR commissioning and maintenance operation overview . commission bSPICE . connect link antenna . 31 33 34 34 Littlefeet, Inc. iii ZERO contents SPICE Hardware Guide 550001 connect BTS to RF input . waterproof connections. connect laptop to the unit. Ethernet connection. modem dial-in . replace SIM card. replace batteries . FIVE safety and standards concepts and terminology . RF exposure . levels . interference . unit safety . water . electrostatic discharge. lightning. grounding . heights . servicing the unit . wireless modem. battery pack . power. installation safety notes . orientation . siting . markings and standards compliance . general precautions . SIX glossary APPENDIX A installation checklist unpacking unit . installing unit . programming unit . commissioning network . optimizing the network . maintaining the network . cSPICE flowchart checklist. bSPICE flowchart checklist. 35 35 36 36 37 38 39 41 41 42 42 42 43 43 43 43 44 44 45 45 45 45 46 46 46 48 49 51 55 55 55 56 56 56 56 57 58 APPENDIX B unit specifications bSPICE specs . 59 60 cSPICE specs . 61 iv Littlefeet, Inc. ONE introduction about Littlefeet, Inc. Littlefeet Inc., based in San Diego, California, provides wireless telecommunications equipment for operators around the world. We are a dynamically growing company with regional offices in the U.S. and the Asia-Pacific region. For more information, visit www.littlefeet-inc.com. about this documentation SPICE documentation includes the SPICE Hardware Guide, SPICE Software Guide, and the Cisco Element Manager Framework (CEMF) User Guide. Not all features described in the CEMF documentation are used by Littlefeet. Other Littlefeet documentation includes the Quick Start pamphlets included with each unit and with the OMC. The documentation produced by Littlefeet contains the formatting conventions described in Table 1. table 1. formatting conventions Format Italic Bold BoldItalic Monotype Meaning Variable or document title Menu option or button, or short text on screen or to be entered Variable menu option or button, or short text on screen or to be entered Text on screen or to be entered For example, to choose the name of a profile from a list shown in a menu, the directions would be, Choose Edit > Apply Profile > ProfileName. Substitute the name of the profile that you want to apply for ProfileName. note Important notes are separated from the text. Lists of operations are also separated from the text. list of operations page operation name . page number of operation Littlefeet, Inc. 1 ONE introduction SPICE Hardware Guide 550001 2 Littlefeet, Inc. TWO system overview Ideally, a base station would provide coverage that tapers off uniformly (A, Figure 1). Variations in propagation make the actual coverage irregular (B, Figure 1). This leads to dropped calls due to excessive interference and low signal strength. figure 1. ideal versus actual coverage Littlefeet provides a way for base stations to communicate with mobiles using low-power SPICE units. SPICE handle the coverage functions of a traditional base station. The units have smaller footprints, and can be configured to provide more uniform coverage (C, Figure 1) by adjusting parameters such as the height of each units antenna and the RF output of each unit. The SPICE system is transparent to the network. concepts and terminology bSPICE cSPICE The following concepts and terms are used in this chapter:

Base SPICE; unit that directly couples to an existing BTS. Coverage SPICE; unit that provides RF to the coverage area. OMC-SPICE SPICE Operation and Maintenance Center. SPICE SST Small Profile Intelligent Coverage Element. SPICE also refers to a network of SPICE units maintained by a central operations system. SPICE Support Tool; software tool used for field configuration and maintenance of SPICE units. Littlefeet, Inc. 3 TWO system overview system components SPICE Hardware Guide 550001 A sample cell area of Littlefeet's SPICE system is shown in Figure 2. Note that F1 and F2 represent a set of frequencies, and that the BTS should not be broadcasting to air for the sector.

(not broadcasting BTS to air) F2 F2 F2 F1 bSPICE cSPICE cSPICE cSPICE cSPICE F1 F1 Mobile Subscriber Access to SPICE Support Tool (SST) Operation and Maintenance Center (OMC-SPICE) figure 2. overview of SPICE On the downlink path, the Base SPICE (bSPICE) translates signals from a BTS (F1) and broadcasts the signals on a set of link frequencies (F2). The Coverage SPICE (cSPICE) units receive the signals from the bSPICE and broadcast to the coverage area on the original set of coverage frequencies (F1). The opposite translations occur on the uplink path. The cSPICE units receive signals from mobile subscribers, translate them to the link frequency, and send the signals to the bSPICE. The bSPICE translates these signals to the original coverage frequency and sends them to the BTS. SPICE units are controlled over an in-system wireless link from an Operation and Maintenance Center SPICE (OMC-SPICE) unit, which is placed in the central office or Network Operations Center (NOC). Monitoring and control functions are performed over a wireless modem, which is an integral part of SPICE units. Alarms on SPICE units are reported over the wireless modem to the OMC. Field configuration and maintenance is performed with the SPICE Support Tool (SST), which can be accessed using a laptop or other personal computer via wireless modem or an Ethernet port. In addition, remote software download is available from the SST and the OMC. The SST and the OMC are able to view and modify more than 50 system parameters that make up the Management Information Base (MIB). Over 30 of these parameters can be modified from the OMC and/or SST. These include basic functions such as link and coverage frequencies and output power. 4 Littlefeet, Inc. THREE installing SPICE This chapter describes how to install a SPICE unit at a predetermined location. You will need the configuration information from the Installation Form. Units to be installed must already have a data-enabled Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card inserted into the internal modem. See the Quick Start guide that accompanies new units for details. WARNING SPICE units must be properly connected to earth ground. See the Safety and Standards

chapter (page 41) for other warnings. concepts and terminology Coverage Antenna H-BTS The following concepts and terms are used in this chapter:

The antenna on a cSPICE unit that broadcasts and receives on the coverage frequency. Hub-BTS; the BTS used as a donor for the bSPICE signal. Link Antenna The antenna on a bSPICE or a cSPICE that broadcasts and receives on the link frequency. Littlefeet, Inc. 5 THREE installing SPICE installation overview SPICE Hardware Guide 550001 Radio planning and site selection are not addressed in this manual, nor are software operations

(Figure 3). note This chapter assumes that the site for the unit has already been determined. RF Survey RF sector selection Survey for cSPICE sites Procure equipment and site leases Program unit

(QuickStart guide and SPICE Software Guide) Greenfield Install bSPICE Commission bSPICE (SPICE Software Guide) Install cSPICE Type of deployment?

Install cSPICE Existing Install bSPICE Commission network (SPICE Software Guide) figure 3. installation flowchart Once a site has been chosen and a power supply obtained and properly installed, mount the bracket and hang the SPICE unit. Check the power supply and connect it to the unit. On the bSPICE, the external link antenna will need to be installed separately and aligned toward the coverage area. You can also use an existing H-BTS antenna. For cSPICE units, antenna alignment will usually be needed to maximize the link signal strength from the bSPICE, or to minimize an interfering signal. Align the link antenna so that the unit receives the maximum possible RF input from the bSPICE (in a greenfield deployment) or from the BTS (in existing networks). 6 Littlefeet, Inc. SPICE Hardware Guide 550001 installation equipment THREE installing SPICE In order to install the SPICE unit, you will need the following equipment, which is provided by Littlefeet:

1. 2. 3. SPICE Hardware Guide SPICE unit (including the external link antenna (if necessary) if the unit is a bSPICE) Littlefeet external power supply, including a 3-conductor high-voltage cable and 3-conduc-

tor low-voltage cable 4. Mounting hardware and bracket for pole or wall 5. Waterproof bulkhead fittings (provided with unit) 6. M4 x 10 mm tamper-proof mounting screws (provided with unit) 7. BTS-bSPICE interface box and cables if the unit is a bSPICE (if necessary) The following equipment is also recommended for the installation of the unit, but is not provided by Littlefeet:

1. Pole installation hardware, either a hose clamp (recommended) or a banding tool kit, buck-

les, and 3/8 (9.5 mm) stainless steel strapping 5/16 hex driver with tamper-proof bit Assorted hand tools (#2 Phillips screwdriver, 8 crescent wrench, 1/4 chisel, wire cutters, 2.5 mm Allen wrench, other site-specific tools) Coaxial cabling and appropriate connectors if the unit is a bSPICE 2. 3. 4. If you are going to program the unit using the SST, you will also need configuration information, a laptop computer, and the SPICE Software Guide. Use the installation form to transfer information you need from and to the network operations center. Littlefeet, Inc. 7 THREE installing SPICE installing bSPICE SPICE Hardware Guide 550001 The bSPICE unit will usually be installed at the site of the existing BTS. To install the bSPICE unit, perform the following steps:

step page install modem antenna. 9 install dessicant . 9 install power supply . 9 mount the unit . 11 connect power . 11 notify OMC . 13 Install modem antenna Install power supply Install bracket

(if applicable) Install unit Run cables to connection points Connect unit to power Yes OMC Operator available?

No Notify OMC operator that unit is online Verify ability to establish wireless connection to unit

(SPICE Software Guide) Check that installation form has been completed figure 4. bSPICE installation flowchart 8 Littlefeet, Inc. SPICE Hardware Guide 550001 install modem antenna Install the modem antenna onto the unit (Figure 5, Figure 6). THREE installing SPICE figure 5. modem antenna figure 6. modem antenna on bSPICE install dessicant Install dessicant packs as shown in Figure 7. If the packs are already installed, check that they are in the proper locations. figure 7. bSPICE dessicant locations install power supply Table 2 contains specifications for the power supply provided with the unit. Power supplies must also meet safety regulations for the country in which the unit is to be installed. table 2. Littlefeet power supply specifications Parameter Input to Power Supply Minimum Maximum Comment 100 V AC 240 V AC The input to the power supply automatically adjusts to the supplied voltage (no jumping required). The maximum current input is 6.5 A. The input is non-polarized and fully-

floating. Output from Power Supply - Voltage 28 V DC Littlefeet, Inc. 9 THREE installing SPICE SPICE Hardware Guide 550001 table 2. Littlefeet power supply specifications (continued) Parameter Input to unit -

Current Frequency of input to Power Supply 50 Hz Minimum Maximum Comment 9 Amps for bSPICE 6 Amps for cSPICE 60 Hz Single-phase WARNING The enclosure will reach the operating temperature of the power supply, which may cause a burn. Handle the power supply and enclosure with caution once it is connected to power.

The power supply must be installed within 4 m (12 ft.) of the unit (Figure 8). Mains Power Source 3-conductor high-voltage cable 100 to 240 V AC; 50 to 60 Hz Power Supply 3-conductor low-voltage cable 20 to 48 V DC; maximum 9 Amps; non-

polarized and fully-floating bSPICE bSPICE bSPICE bSPICE figure 8. power supply connections 10 Littlefeet, Inc. SPICE Hardware Guide 550001 THREE installing SPICE Mount the power supply (Figure 9), making sure that the output of the power supply is oriented toward the unit. to unit from mains power figure 9. power supply installation - pole WARNING Dangerous voltages are present inside the power supply. Do not remove the cover of the

power supply. mount the unit bSPICE mounting varies from site to site. If the site will use a bracket, first mount the bracket where the unit is to be located. Hang/connect the unit to the bracket. connect power Connect the unit (Figure 10) to the external power supply using the connector shown in Figure 11. Do not force the connector. Connect the power cable from the external power supply to mains power. WARNING The power supply must be connected to the power source in accordance with local codes.

Littlefeet, Inc. 11 THREE installing SPICE SPICE Hardware Guide 550001 WARNING The green safety ground wire from the power supply cable MUST be connected to earth

ground. WARNING An external disconnect device must be provided at time of installation. The disconnect

device is not provided by Littlefeet. figure 10. bSPICE connections WARNING Dangerous voltages are present inside the power supply. Do not remove the power supply cover. Also note that the power supply enclosure may be extremely hot.

figure 11. power cable connector The unit is active once the power is connected. Check that the fault LED on the bottom of the unit illuminates. 12 Littlefeet, Inc. SPICE Hardware Guide 550001 notify OMC THREE installing SPICE Call the OMC operator and ask the operator to dial into the unit. After a successful call, the bSPICE is on-line. If the OMC operator is not available, call the unit using a laptop computer equipped with a wireless modem as described in the SPICE Software Guide. Make sure that the installation form is completed. Littlefeet, Inc. 13 THREE installing SPICE installing cSPICE SPICE Hardware Guide 550001 In order to align the cSPICE link antenna, the bSPICE (greenfield deployment) or BTS (existing network) must be radiating. In addition, the data-enabled SIM card must have been previously installed in the wireless modem, and the antennas must have been installed. To install the cSPICE unit, perform the following steps (Figure 12):

step page install coverage antennas. 20 install dessicant . 21 install power supply . 22 determine link antenna orientation . 22 mount the unit . 24 check alignment. 27 ground unit . 27 connect power . 28 notify OMC . 29 14 Littlefeet, Inc. SPICE Hardware Guide 550001 THREE installing SPICE Install coverage antenna Install power supply Determine mounting orientation Able to install with proper orientation?

No Use flex bracket for link antenna Yes Install bracket Hang unit Check link antenna alignment Connect unit to power Yes OMC Operator available?

No Notify OMC operator that unit is online Verify ability to establish wireless connection to unit

(SPICE Software Guide) Check that installation form has been completed figure 12. cSPICE installation flowchart note Do not handle the unit by the antennas. verify site Before beginning installation, make sure that the site chosen is suitable for cSPICE installation. The site must meet the criteria described below. If the site that has been chosen doesnt meet these criteria, contact the people responsible for site selection and tell them why the site wont work. power source An appropriate power source must be available at the site. Littlefeet, Inc. 15 THREE installing SPICE SPICE Hardware Guide 550001 clutter Both the link and coverage antennas of the cSPICE must be clear of obstructions. Additionally, reflective surfaces (buildings, hills, etc.) should not be located in the RF path between the link antenna and the bSPICE (Figure 13). bSPICE antenna figure 13. clutter in link path With some effort in installation and optimization, it is possible to bounce the link signal off surfaces such as buildings and hills. This should only be attempted if trained personnel and specialized equipment (such as a spectrum analyzer) are available. The coverage antennas should be mounted such that they are above immediate obstructions. The pole on which the unit is mounted can also cause interference with the coverage antennas. When an antenna has nothing else next to it, its output is even (Figure 14, left). Next to a wooden pole, however, the output becomes uneven, which causes problems (Figure 14, right). figure 14. coverage from an antenna in isolation (left) and next to wooden pole In addition, cSPICE units should not be colocated on poles with power transformers or other potential sources of RF interference. 16 Littlefeet, Inc. SPICE Hardware Guide 550001 THREE installing SPICE examples Some examples of sites are shown below. Figure 15 shows a good site. The site shown in Figure 16 is acceptable, but could be improved by moving the unit along the rooftop if the poles interfere with the link. A site that will work if no better sites are available in the desired area is shown in Figure 17. Figure 18 shows a site that will experience problems caused by interference

(transformer, pole) and clutter (wires in front of the link antenna) and shouldnt be used as a cSPICE site. figure 15. good site Littlefeet, Inc. 17 THREE installing SPICE SPICE Hardware Guide 550001 figure 16. pretty good site figure 17. iffy site 18 Littlefeet, Inc. SPICE Hardware Guide 550001 THREE installing SPICE figure 18. bad site Units should be mounted as high as possible on poles. Ideally, the coverage antennas should be above the pole, as shown in Figure 15. Figure 19 shows a site that could be improved by mounting the unit higher on the pole. Littlefeet, Inc. 19 THREE installing SPICE SPICE Hardware Guide 550001 figure 19. unit that should be mounted higher safety SPICE sites must be located such that the units can be safely installed and maintained. A list of considerations can be found in the safety chapter (page 41). Other considerations include:

Year-round availability of access to the site. For example, if the site is covered with ice in the winter, it is not appropriate.

Access to earth ground. Since the SPICE units MUST be connected to earth ground, access to earth ground is essential. If no access is currently available at an otherwise desirable site, you will need to provide it. install coverage antennas Install the coverage antennas included with the unit. Remove the nut from the antenna connector, slide the washer over the connector, and place the antenna into the appropriate hole in the chassis. Tighten the nut onto the end of the connector, and plug the connector from the board into the end of the antenna. 20 Littlefeet, Inc. SPICE Hardware Guide 550001 THREE installing SPICE figure 20. coverage antenna installation install dessicant Install dessicant packs as shown in Figure 21. If the packs are already installed, check that they are in the proper locations. The dessicant will need to be replaced once a year in humid conditions, and once every two years in dry climates. Littlefeet, Inc. 21 THREE installing SPICE SPICE Hardware Guide 550001 figure 21. cSPICE dessicant locations install power supply Install the power supply as described in the bSPICE installation. determine link antenna orientation The link antenna is found on the door of the cSPICE. Use a compass or other tool to determine the direction of the bSPICE from the cSPICE site. 22 Littlefeet, Inc. SPICE Hardware Guide 550001 THREE installing SPICE To bSPICE figure 22. cSPICE alignment If the bracket cannot be mounted so the unit is facing the bSPICE, remove the link antenna from the front of the unit and mount it on the link antenna bracket (Figure 23). figure 23. link antenna mounted on door with adjustable bracket This flex bracket will allow you to point the link antenna toward the bSPICE even if the unit cannot be installed facing the bSPICE (Figure 24). To bSPICE To bSPICE figure 24. cSPICE link antenna alignment Littlefeet, Inc. 23 THREE installing SPICE mount the unit SPICE Hardware Guide 550001 To mount the unit, first mount the bracket where the unit is to be located, using the orientation determined above. note Make sure to mount the bracket so that the unit is roughly facing the bSPICE as described above. Line-of-sight to the bSPICE is not required. The bracket can be mounted using a hose clamp (preferred) or banding tool if the unit is to be placed on a pole (Item 1) (Figure 25, Figure 27, Figure 26, Figure 28). If using banding, double wrap the strapping (720). Attach the pole mount bracket using two bands through the top and bottom slots (Item 4). note Do not attach the bracket tightly until you have checked the link antenna alignment (page 27). The mounting plate can also be attached directly to a flat surface such as a wall (Figure 29). Mount the wall mount using four M5 stainless steel bolts (Item 4). Hang the unit on the bracket by installing two M4 x 10 mm tamper-proof fasteners (Item 6) and torquing. figure 25. pole bracket 24 Littlefeet, Inc. SPICE Hardware Guide 550001 THREE installing SPICE figure 26. utility pole installation figure 27. light pole mount Littlefeet, Inc. 25 THREE installing SPICE SPICE Hardware Guide 550001 figure 28. tripod installation figure 29. wall bracket and mount 26 Littlefeet, Inc. SPICE Hardware Guide 550001 check alignment THREE installing SPICE Link antenna alignment adjustment will usually be needed to maximize the link signal strength from the bSPICE (greenfield deployment) or BTS (existing network), or to minimize an interfering signal. There are several ways to do this; which method you use will depend on the availability of equipment. spectrum analyzer Detach the link antenna connector from the bottom of the unit and connect it to a spectrum analyzer. You will need an N-type connector (male). Set the spectrum analyzer to the frequency broadcast by the BTS/bSPICE and rotate the unit until the highest signal is received. If using the flex bracket for the link antenna, loosen the lock screws to move the link antenna. Tighten the lockscrews once the highest level is achieved. test handset Detach the link antenna connector from the bottom of the unit and connect it to a test handset. You will need an N-type connector (male). Set the test handset to the frequency broadcast by the BTS/bSPICE and rotate the unit until the highest signal is received. If using the flex bracket for the link antenna, loosen the lock screws to move the link antenna. Tighten the lockscrews once the highest level is achieved. note If no signal from the BTS/bSPICE is detected, check that the BTS/bSPICE system is operational. If the BTS/bSPICE system is operational and the cSPICE is still not receiving a signal, you may have to relocate the cSPICE. Reattach the antenna output to the unit. Do not overtorque the connector, but make sure that it is fully tightened. note If the bracket is not tightly attached to the mounting surface, tighten it once the link antenna alignment is verified. ground unit Connect the ground lug on the unit (Figure 30) to earth ground. Littlefeet, Inc. 27 THREE installing SPICE SPICE Hardware Guide 550001 note The wire used to connect the ground lug to earth ground must be 16-gauge wire, at a minimum. figure 30. ground lug connect power Connect the unit to the power supply as described in the bSPICE installation. WARNING The power supply must be connected to the power source in accordance with local codes.

Connect the power cord to the mains power and check that the fault LED illuminates (Figure 31). figure 31. fault LED and power input for cSPICE 28 Littlefeet, Inc. SPICE Hardware Guide 550001 THREE installing SPICE note If there is extra cabling between the cSPICE and the power supply, coil the extra wire near the power supply rather than near the cSPICE unit. notify OMC Call the OMC operator and ask the operator to dial into the unit. After a successful call, the cSPICE is on-line. If the OMC operator is not available, call the unit using a laptop computer equipped with a wireless modem as described in the SPICE Software Guide. Make sure that the installation form is completed. Secure the door latch with cotter pins or with wire, if desired. Littlefeet, Inc. 29 THREE installing SPICE SPICE Hardware Guide 550001 30 Littlefeet, Inc. FOUR commissioning and maintenance This chapter describes how to commission and maintain SPICE units. You will need to have a copy of the SPICE Software guide in order to perform many of the operations described in this chapter. operation page commission bSPICE . 34 connect laptop to the unit . 36 replace SIM card. 38 replace batteries . 39 Figure 32 and Figure 33 show the inside of the bSPICE and cSPICE units. figure 32. bSPICE unit Littlefeet, Inc. 31 FOUR commissioning and maintenance SPICE Hardware Guide 550001 figure 33. cSPICE unit 32 Littlefeet, Inc. SPICE Hardware Guide 550001 operation overview FOUR commissioning and maintenance Table 3 gives a brief description of the steps needed to perform the operations detailed in this documentation. For additional information, see the reference listed in the Details column. table 3. operations Operation commission bSPICE connect laptop to the unit replace SIM card determine link antenna orientation replace batteries Details page 34 page 36 page 38 page 22 page 39 Steps 1. connect antenna 2. connect to BTS 3. weatherproof connections 1. open the units door 2. connect Ethernet cable to laptop and units Ethernet port 3. follow SST instructions detailed in SPICE Software Guide 4. disconnect Ethernet cable from unit and laptop 5. close the units door 1. open the units door 2. remove the old SIM (if any) 3. insert the new SIM 4. close the units door 1. close the units door 2. unplug link antenna cable from bottom of unit 3. plug link antenna into test handest or spectrum analyzer 4. rotate unit until highest received level is achieved 5. disconnect test handset or spectrum analyzer 6. reconnect antenna to unit 1. open the units door 2. disconnect the power from the unit 3. remove old batteries 4. install new batteries 5. reconnect unit to power 6. check that alarm is cleared 7. close unit door 8. properly dispose of old batteries Littlefeet, Inc. 33 FOUR commissioning and maintenance commission bSPICE SPICE Hardware Guide 550001 To commission the bSPICE once it is installed and online, connect the unit to the BTS and antenna. connect link antenna Mount the link antenna at the predetermined antenna site. If you are using an existing antenna

(examples shown in Figure 34), ensure that the gain is 17.5 dB, that the input power is 25 dBm, and that the antenna is aligned correctly to serve the cSPICE units in the coverage area. Cross-Pole to SPICE Configuration Single-Pole to SPICE Configuration Antenna TX1/RXM TX/RX bSPICE TX2/RXD TX RX Interface Box Sector BTS TX1/RXM TX2/RXD H-BTS Antenna TX/RX bSPICE TX RX Interface Box TX1/RXM TX2/RXD H-BTS figure 34. bSPICE to existing antenna configuration -

examples Run coaxial cabling from the antenna to the unit. note The type of connections used between the bSPICE and the BTS will vary according to the type of BTS used. The RF connectors on the bSPICE are N-type female connectors. Connect the antenna to the bSPICE unit (Figure 35). 34 Littlefeet, Inc. SPICE Hardware Guide 550001 FOUR commissioning and maintenance figure 35. bSPICE connectors connect BTS to RF input The bSPICE unit connects directly to the RF output of the BTS. The unit accepts both duplexed and separate TX and RX connections. If the output is duplexed, use the Tx/Rx port (Figure 35). The RF input of the bSPICE can accept the maximum output power from the BTS, but we strongly recommend against this. The power requirements for the bSPICE are flexible in case the BTS is accidentally set to full output power. note The BTS sector should not be broadcasting to air when the SPICE system is in place. The maximum allowed input power from the BTS is +44 dBm per carrier. The BTS should be set to its lowest possible output power. waterproof connections If the unit is mounted outdoors, you will need to seal all the connectors. Waterproof all connectors (power, antenna cables, etc.). Littlefeet, Inc. 35 FOUR commissioning and maintenance connect laptop to the unit SPICE Hardware Guide 550001 The SST is software that is resident on SPICE units. Basically, when you call a SPICE unit, the SST is what answers. Laptops are usually used to access the SST. Ethernet connection To connect to the SST using the Ethernet connection, you have to have access to the inside of the unit. You will also need a crossover Ethernet cable (Figure 36), and an Ethernet card installed on your laptop. Computer A Pin 1: TD+

Pin 2: TD-

Pin 3: RD+

Pin 6: RD-

Crossover Cable Computer B Pin 1: TD+

Pin 2: TD-

Pin 3: RD+

Pin 6: RD-

figure 36. pin configuration of a crossover Ethernet cable Plug one end of the crossover Ethernet cable into your laptop, and the other into the Ethernet port inside the unit (Figure 37, Figure 38). figure 37. cSPICE Ethernet port 36 Littlefeet, Inc. SPICE Hardware Guide 550001 FOUR commissioning and maintenance figure 38. bSPICE Ethernet port Once your laptop is connected to the unit, follow the instructions for using the SST in the SPICE Software guide. modem dial-in Accessing the SST using the wireless modem is described in the SPICE Software Guide. Littlefeet, Inc. 37 FOUR commissioning and maintenance replace SIM card SPICE Hardware Guide 550001 The wireless modem that is integrated into SPICE units requires a data-enabled SIM card, which is not provided by Littlefeet. If the SIM needs to be replaced, follow the steps below. 1. Open the door of the unit. 2. Remove the SIM in the modem (if any) (Figure 39, Figure 40). 3. Replace the old SIM with a new data-enabled SIM. 4. Close and secure the units door. figure 39. bSPICE SIM card slot figure 40. cSPICE SIM card slot 38 Littlefeet, Inc. SPICE Hardware Guide 550001 replace batteries FOUR commissioning and maintenance To replace the battery pack on a cSPICE unit, first disconnect the power to the unit. Remove the old batteries and install the new batteries. Reconnect the power to the unit. Access the SST using your laptop and check that the battery alarm is no longer present. If the alarm persists, replace the unit. WARNING Be sure to properly dispose of the old batteries. Follow the instructions on the battery for

disposal. The batteries used in SPICE units have a ten-year life at 25 C. Littlefeet, Inc. 39 FOUR commissioning and maintenance SPICE Hardware Guide 550001 40 Littlefeet, Inc. FIVE safety and standards This chapter details requirements for the safe installation and use of SPICE units. The safety of the unit, of the technicians working on the unit, and of the general public are addressed. Additionally, the safety standards to which SPICE units comply are listed. WARNING Make sure you read, understand, and observe the cautions and warnings described in this chapter as well as those found elsewhere in this documentation and on the unit itself.

SPICE units transmit and receive signals via RF (radio frequency) energy. The emissions from SPICE units are comparable to those from a typical cellular phone. Handle SPICE units using the same consideration due cellular phones. concepts and terminology EiRP Effective Isotropic Radiated Power. The total of the RF output power of a device plus the gain of the antenna used. electrostatic discharge A discharge of static electricity. Static electricity is a buildup of excess electrical charge, as when you shuffle across carpeting in wool socks and touch a metal doorknob. RF Radio Frequency. A portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, used to transmit and receive radio signals. Littlefeet, Inc. 41 FIVE safety and standards RF exposure SPICE Hardware Guide 550001 Many studies have been performed regarding exposure to RF energy. Although all studies to date have been inconclusive as to the effects of RF exposure and human health, there is still some public concern. Since SPICE units operate at low power, there is less exposure to radiation and thus less potential health risk. A number of documents are available detailing potential health risks due to RF exposure, many of which are available on the Internet. One such website is the Federal (U.S.) Communications Commission (FCC) RF safety website: www.fcc.gov/oet/rfsafety. levels The amount of RF exposure from SPICE units is comparable to that from a typical cellular phone, and is detailed in Table 4. Save distances from bSPICE units depend upon the antenna used, and therefore vary by site. table 4. RF exposure from cSPICE units Maximum Output Power (EiRP)

+28 dBm Minimum Safe Distance Technician: 7 inches General Public: 17 inches Keep these distances in mind when installing a SPICE unit, and make sure to maintain a safe distance. These are distances directly in front of the antenna. Prolonged exposure within the minimum safe distance should be avoided. Since this standard is for prolonged exposures, brief exposures to higher fields may not cause harm. If there is public access to the unit within the minimum safe distance, access must be limited to the minimum safe distance or the area must be posted. interference Most, but not all, electronic devices are shielded from RF radiation. People with pacemakers, hearing aids, medical and other electronic devices should be aware of the possibility of a SPICE unit interfering with the function of those devices. Note that these cautions are the same as those applicable to handsets. WARNING Exercise special caution if you have a pacemaker and are installing SPICE units. Ask your physician about the type of pacemaker and its degree of shielding from RF radiation. Do not install SPICE units without your physicians approval (as for a handset).

42 Littlefeet, Inc. SPICE Hardware Guide 550001 unit safety FIVE safety and standards In order to properly maintain a SPICE unit, follow the guidelines described below. Any failure to do so may void any warranties. water Do not expose the interior of the unit to water. Make sure that the door is completely closed after installing or servicing the unit. If the unit is accidentally exposed to water, disconnect the unit from power immediately. Return the unit to Littlefeet, as there are no user-serviceable parts within the unit, and there is a possibility that the water has damaged the units components. WARNING If the interior of the unit has been exposed to water, do not attempt to fix it. Disconnect the unit from power immediately and return it to Littlefeet. Do not reconnect the unit to power, even when it has dried.

electrostatic discharge The interior of the unit is sensitive to electrostatic shock. Do not touch the interior of the unit, as handling the interior of the unit may result in damage to the unit from electrostatic discharge

(ESD) if proper precautions are not taken. WARNING Do not touch the interior of the unit.

figure 41. ESD warning symbol lightning If a SPICE unit is struck by lightning, disconnect the unit from power as soon as it is safe to do so, uninstall it and return it to Littlefeet. Lightning strikes can also travel through power cables from remote areas and damage the unit internally. If you suspect that this has happened and the unit is malfunctioning, do not attempt to fix it yourself; disconnect the unit from power and return it to Littlefeet. Littlefeet, Inc. 43 FIVE safety and standards grounding SPICE Hardware Guide 550001 Always make sure that the unit is properly grounded. Never plug the unit into a two-pronged

(non-grounded) outlet or use a two-conductor extension cable. Failure to do so may result in a buildup of excess charge which may damage the unit or cause a potentially hazardous situation. The chassis of the unit must also be grounded. heights Do not drop the unit or any equipment being used to install the unit (installation hardware, mounting bracket, etc.). Dropping the unit will damage the unit and may harm anyone standing under the unit. Establish a safety zone around an installation site to eliminate the possibility of someone standing or passing underneath a unit that is being installed. If the unit has fallen and/or rattles when moved, do not open or attempt to fix the unit. Dropped units must be thoroughly checked for damage to the antennas and connectors. Seal the unit and return it to Littlefeet, with a note describing how the damage was caused.

WARNING Certain components, such as RF power transistors, are potentially hazardous when their seals have been broken. Do not open a damaged unit. Observe and follow any warning labels on the unit, such as warnings about BeO (a substance used in the manufacture of RF hardware). 44 Littlefeet, Inc. SPICE Hardware Guide 550001 servicing the unit FIVE safety and standards The only user-serviceable parts inside a SPICE unit are the wireless modem and the battery pack. WARNING Do not attempt to fix any unit components other than the modem (replacing the SIM) and battery pack (replacing the batteries). Refer to the installation documentation for details. Return the unit to Littlefeet for replacement if it is not functioning correctly.

wireless modem The only operation that you will need to perform on the wireless modem is the installation of the SIM card, described in the installation documentation. Do not attempt to fix or replace the modem if it is malfunctioning; return the entire unit to Littlefeet. battery pack SPICE units are equipped with battery packs that can be replaced. Instructions on replacing the battery pack can be found in the installation documentation. Before changing the batteries, read all the instructions and cautionary markings. Disconnect the unit from power for a minimum of five minutes before changing the batteries. WARNING If the battery charger is not operational, do not attempt to fix or replace it; return the entire

unit to Littlefeet. Since the batteries used in SPICE units are rechargeable, they must be disposed of properly. Do not incinerate the batteries. Instructions on proper battery disposal can be found on the battery pack. power Details on safe practices while installing power supplies are found in the installation documentation. While servicing a SPICE unit, be aware that electricity is flowing to the unit if the unit is connected to power. WARNING Dangerous voltages are found inside the external power supply. Do not open the cover of the external power supply; contact Littlefeet if it is not functioning properly. Check that the mains power has correct fusing and that the circuit breaker is not broken.

Littlefeet, Inc. 45 FIVE safety and standards installation safety notes SPICE Hardware Guide 550001 The following safety concerns must be taken into account when installing SPICE units.

WARNING SPICE units must be installed by carefully following the installation documentation and by noting the safety concerns described here. Failure to do so may result in harm to the unit, installer, or general public. Littlefeet is not responsible for any damages caused by improper installation. orientation The unit must be installed right-side up, never upside-down, on its side, or on its back or front

(Figure 42). Note that the cSPICE antennas are on the top of the unit when it is correctly installed. incorrect incorrect correct incorrect figure 42. correctly and incorrectly installed units siting Do not install SPICE units in areas where any of the following conditions apply:

In or near a potentially explosive atmosphere, such as a fuel or chemical transfer or storage facility, or an area containing chemicals or particles (grain, dust or metal powders).

At any location where it is not possible to properly install the unit (for example, if there is not enough room to install the unit right-side up).

At any location where the unit may be covered with water (for example, on a low pole in an area where flooding may occur).

In an area where the ambient temperature is excessively high (for example, near smelting equipment).

Near an area where blasting caps are used. 46 Littlefeet, Inc. SPICE Hardware Guide 550001 FIVE safety and standards

In or near an area where the SPICE unit could cause interference with equipment sensitive to RF radiation, such as hospitals or other areas where people may have pacemakers.

At a location where lightning strikes are frequent.

At any location where the unit may be exposed to fire.

At a location where the public may have access to the unit within the minimum safe distance.

Anywhere you would not be permitted to use a cellular phone. Littlefeet, Inc. 47 FIVE safety and standards markings and standards compliance SPICE Hardware Guide 550001 The following markings can be found on SPICE units and other products supplied by Littlefeet.

SPICE units meet the following international standards:

CE Meets LVDirective Meets EMC Directive Meets RTTE Directive

FCC Part 15 Part 24

NRTL to UL 1950 The power supply used by SPICE units is

UL recognized

FCC Part 15

CE Meets LVDirective Meets EMC Directive 48 Littlefeet, Inc. SPICE Hardware Guide 550001 general precautions FIVE safety and standards WARNING Do not incinerate or crush units, as the batteries may explode and/or hazardous substances may be released. Contact Littlefeet for proper disposal instructions.

Do not attempt to service the inside of the unit, other than replacing batteries or the SIM card of the modem. Do not operate the unit if the antenna has been damaged. Do not attempt to fix, touch, or replace the antenna; return the entire unit to Littlefeet. Note and follow any warnings, cautions, or instructions written on or in the unit, or in any other documentation. Littlefeet, Inc. 49 FIVE safety and standards SPICE Hardware Guide 550001 50 Littlefeet, Inc. SIX glossary AC AGC Alarm ALC BCCH BSC BSIC bSPICE BSS BTS Cell Area Channel Coverage Coverage Frequency cSPICE Alternating Current Automatic Gain Control. This cSPICE-only feature adjusts the uplink gain to maintain the power-

versus-time profile over the AGC range. AGC can be disabled with the SST or the OMC. The AGC overrides the ALC function. Notification that a fault has occurred. In order of severity, alarms can be Critical, Major, or Minor. Automatic Level Control Broadcast Control CHannel Base Station Controller Base Station Identity Code SPICE variant for direct coupling to the BTS. Broadcasts the signal from the BTS on a set of link frequencies. Base Station System Base Transceiver Station An area that contains a single bSPICE and its corresponding cSPICEs, defined by common link frequencies. The RF carrier assigned to a specific frequency (not a traffic channel timeslot); one of the four RF paths within a SPICE unit. The subscriber's coverage area provided by cSPICE. The frequency used by the BTS to communicate with the mobile subscribers. SPICE variant for broadcasting to the coverage area. Receives signals from a bSPICE on a set of link frequencies and broadcasts on a set of coverage frequencies. dBi Gain (of an antenna) relative to an isotropic radiator. Littlefeet, Inc. 51 SIX glossary SPICE Hardware Guide 550001 DC DFR DL ETSI FTP GPRS GPS GSM HBTS HTTP IF IMD Direct Current Data Full Rate, also known as TCH/F9.6 (Traffic CHannel/Full 9.6 Kbs rate). Downlink; radio path from BTS to subscriber. European Telecommunications Standards Institute File Transfer Protocol General Packet Radio Service Global Positioning System Global System for Mobile Communications Hub BTS; the BTS used as the RF input for a bSPICE. HyperText Transfer Protocol Intermediate Frequency Intermodulation Distortion IP Address Internet Protocol Address; a unique identifier for a specific computer on a network. An IP address must be of the form x.x.x.x, where x is a number between 0 and 255. Link The radio path between the bSPICE and remote cSPICE. Link Frequency The frequency used for communication between bSPICE and cSPICE units. LV MIB MS MSC MTBF NOC NSS OMC Low Voltage Management Information Base Mobile Station Mobile Switching Center Mean Time Between Failure Network Operations Center Network and Switching Sub-system Operation and Maintenance Center OMC-SPICE SPICE Network Management System. Protocol Data Unit PDU 52 Littlefeet, Inc. SPICE Hardware Guide 550001 SIX glossary PLL ppm PPP RSSI RF RTFM RX RxLev RxQual SIM SMS SNMP SPICE SST TA TCP/IP TRX TX UL UPS BTS Phase Lock Loop Parts per Million Point-to-Point Protocol Received Signal Strength Indicator Radio Frequency Read The Fine Manual Receiver (radio) Received Signal Level Received Signal Quality Subscriber Identity Module Short Message Service Simple Network Management Protocol Small Profile Intelligent Coverage Element. Also refers to a network of SPICE units maintained by a central operations system. SPICE Support Tool. The tool used for field maintenance of SPICE units. Timing Advance Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol Transceiver Transmitter (radio) Uplink; radio path from subscriber to BTS. Uninterruptible Power Supply Micro-Base Transceiver Station Littlefeet, Inc. 53 SIX glossary SPICE Hardware Guide 550001 54 Littlefeet, Inc. appendix A installation checklist This appendix summarizes the steps that must be taken in order to install a SPICE unit, from taking it out of the box to integrating it into the network. It is assumed that:

Sites and settings (channel numbers, power levels) for units have already been chosen and entered in the Installation Form.

The OMC is already set up (see the Quick Start Guide that accompanies the OMC).

You have obtained and configured a laptop to be used as an SST (see the chapter on SST basics and setup in the SPICE Software Guide). unpacking unit The first step is to unpack and check the unit. Follow the steps in the Quick Start Guide that accompanies the unit. Tools and equipment needed:

SPICE Quick Start Guide for unit

Power source

RF signal source (to check the units antenna)

Laptop to access the SST

Data-enabled SIM card for built-in modem installing unit After transporting the unit to the location where it is to be installed, you will install the unit. Follow the steps in the installation chapter of the SPICE Hardware Guide. Tools and equipment needed:

Equipment listed in the SPICE Hardware Guide installation chapter (unit, mounting bracket, etc.)

Suitable location for unit

Appropriate power source Littlefeet, Inc. 55 appendix A installation checklist programming unit SPICE Hardware Guide 550001 After installing the unit, you will need to program it so that it knows which frequencies to use, etc. You can also commission the unit prior to installation. Follow the steps in the chapter on using the SST in the SPICE Software Guide. Tools and equipment needed:

Laptop to access the SST

Information from Installation Form commissioning network Once the unit is installed and operational, integrate it into the network using the OMC. Follow the steps in the chapter on using the OMC in the SPICE Software Guide. Tools and equipment needed:

OMC

Information from Installation Form

SPICE Software Guide optimizing the network Once the network is installed, drive test the SPICE network as you would a conventional network, but you can fine-tune each individual unit to optimize the network.

Tools and equipment needed:

Drive-test equipment

Data logging and analysis equipment maintaining the network Maintain the network by monitoring alarms and optimizing as necessary. Tools and equipment needed:

OMC

Laptop to access the SST

Documentation 56 Littlefeet, Inc. SPICE Hardware Guide 550001 cSPICE flowchart checklist appendix A installation checklist Use this checklist to indicate that the cSPICE has been installed according to the instructions contained in this documentation. Check off the boxes in the flowchart as you complete the steps. Site Reference:

Install coverage antenna Install power supply Part #:

Determine mounting orientation Serial #:

No Use flex bracket for link antenna Able to install with proper orientation?

Yes Install bracket Hang unit Check link antenna alignment Connect unit to power Yes OMC Operator available?

No Notify OMC operator that unit is online Verify ability to establish wireless connection to unit

(SPICE Software Guide) Check that installation form has been completed figure 43. cSPICE flowchart checklist Littlefeet, Inc. 57 appendix A installation checklist bSPICE flowchart checklist SPICE Hardware Guide 550001 Use this checklist to indicate that the bSPICE has been installed according to the instructions contained in this documentation. Check off the boxes in the flowchart as you complete the steps. Site Reference:

Part #:

Serial #:

Install modem antenna Install power supply Install bracket

(if applicable) Install unit Run cables to connection points Connect unit to power Yes OMC Operator available?

No Notify OMC operator that unit is online Verify ability to establish wireless connection to unit

(SPICE Software Guide) Check that installation form has been completed figure 44. bSPICE flowchart checklist 58 Littlefeet, Inc. appendix B unit specifications This appendix contains hardware specifications for bSPICE and cSPICE units. specification page bSPICE specs . 60 cSPICE specs . 61 Littlefeet, Inc. 59 appendix B unit specifications bSPICE specs SPICE Hardware Guide 550001 This section details the physical specifications of bSPICE units. table 5. bSPICE specifications Parameter Standard Compliance Power supply Power consumption Control Downlink frequency Uplink frequency BTS interface Number of channels Max. RF output per channel Max. RF input from BTS Max. UL noise figure Max. UL input Total delay Link antenna Dimensions Weight Sealing class Mounting Temperature Range Value GSM 1800 or PCS 1900 (US) Meets ETS 300-609-4 (for GSM) or FCC equivalent (for PCS) 28-48V AC/DC Less than 125 W GSM Wireless Modem or Ethernet port 1805-1880 MHz for GSM; 1930 to 1990 MHz for PCS 1710-1785 MHz for GSM; 1850 to 1910 MHz for PCS N-type connectors (duplexed or non-duplexed) 1-4

+25 dBm (316 mW)

+44 dBm 4 dB

-10 dBm less than 3 S External Standard 19-inch (48 cm) rack-mountable 27 lbs (12.25 kg) IP65 Rack or other suitable horizontal surface Operational: -22 to 130 F (-30 to 55 C) Storage: -40 to 158 F (-40 to 70 C) 60 Littlefeet, Inc. SPICE Hardware Guide 550001 cSPICE specs appendix B unit specifications This section details the physical specifications of cSPICE units. table 6. cSPICE specifications Parameter Standard Compliance Power supply Power consumption Control Downlink frequency Uplink frequency Number of channels Max. RF output per channel Max. UL noise figure Max. UL input Total delay Link antenna gain Coverage antenna gain Dimensions Weight Sealing class Mounting Temperature Range Value GSM 1800 or PCS 1900 (US) Meets ETS 300-609-4 (for GSM) or FCC equivalent (for PCS) 28-48V AC/DC Less than 80 W GSM Wireless Modem or Ethernet port 1805-1880 MHz for GSM; 1930 to 1990 MHz for PCS 1710-1785 MHz for GSM; 1850 to 1910 MHz for PCS 1-4

+23 dBm (200 mW) 7 dB

-10 dBm less than 6 S 8 dBi 8 dBi excluding antenna: 18.4 in. (H) x 9.9 in. (W) x 6.6 in. (D) (466 mm x 252 mm x 167 mm) including antenna: 40.9 in. (H) x 9.9 in. (W) x 6.6 in. (D) (1040 mm x 252 mm x 167 mm) 20 lbs (9.07 kg) IP65 Pole or wall Operational: -22 to 130 F (-30 to 55 C) Storage: -40 to 158 F (-40 to 70 C) Littlefeet, Inc. 61 appendix B unit specifications SPICE Hardware Guide 550001 62 Littlefeet, Inc.