FCC ID: OUR-24XSTREAM 24XSTREAM

Exceeding Your Wireless Expectations 24XStream Wireless OEM Module Operating Manual v2.8 MaxStream, Inc. 1215 S. 1680 W. Orem, UT 84058 Phone: (801) 765-9885 Fax: (801) 765-9895 info@maxstream.net http://www.maxstream.net 2001 MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream Wireless OEM Module Manual v2.8 TABLE OF CONTENTS FCC Compliance Warning 4 General Description Features 5 Simple Product Integration.. 5 Block Diagram. 6 Diagram 6 J1 Pin Descriptions... 7 J2 Pin Descriptions... 7 Specifications8 Product Listing Module Part Numbers...9 2.4 GHz Modules.... 10 Antennas... 10 Serial Port Operation Serial Pins.11-13 Modes of Operation Idle Mode..... 14 Transmit Mode..... 14-15 Receive Mode...15-16 Sleep Mode...16-18 Command Mode... 19-21 AT Commands.19-20 Binary Commands...20-21 24XStream Command Table... 22-24 Networking and Addressing Vendor Identification Number (VID)... 25 Networks...25 Module Addresses.. 26-27 Electrical Characteristics DC Characteristics28 AC Characteristics28-29 Timing Diagrams..29 2 2001 MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream Wireless OEM Module Manual v2.8 FCC Qualifications and Warranty

... 30 Using the 24XStream Development Kit

... 31-32 Glossary

... 33-35 Index

... 36 3 2001 MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream Wireless OEM Module Manual v2.8 24XStream Frequency Hopping Data Module FCC NOTICE WARNING: This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. LABELING REQUIREMENTS WARNING: The Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) must ensure that FCC labeling requirements are met. This includes a clearly visible label on the outside of the OEM enclosure specifying "Contains Transmitter Module, FCC ID: OUR-

24XSTREAM" as well as the FCC Notice above. ANTENNA WARNING WARNING: This device has been tested with Reverse Polarity SMA and MMCX connectors with the antennas listed below. When integrated in the OEMs product, these fixed antennas require installation preventing end-users from replacing them with non-

approved antennas. Any antenna not in the following table must be tested to comply with FCC Section 15.203 for unique antenna connectors and Section 15.247 for emissions. 4 24XStream Wireless OEM Module Manual v2.8 APPROVED ANTENNA LIST & ANTENNA SPEARATION DISTANCES FOR COMPLAINCE WITH FCC EXPSOSURE REQUIREMENTSS Antenna Separation Distance for FCC RX Exposure Compliance 2 meters 2 meters 2 meters 2 meters 2 meters 2 meters 2 meters 2 meters 2 meters F F F F F F F F F M/F M/F M/F 20 centimeters 20 centimeters 20 centimeters F F F F F F F F F F F F 2 meters 2 meters 2 meters 2 meters 2 meters 2 meters 2 meters 2 meters 2 meters 2 meters 2 meters 2 meters M/F M/F M/F M/F M/F M/F 20 centimeters 20 centimeters 20 centimeters 20 centimeters 20 centimeters 20 centimeters Manufacturer Part Number Type Gain

(dBi) Applic ation*

MaxStream MaxStream MaxStream MaxStream MaxStream MaxStream MaxStream MaxStream MaxStream MaxStream MaxStream MaxStream MaxStream MaxStream MaxStream MaxStream MaxStream MaxStream MaxStream MaxStream MaxStream MaxStream MaxStream MaxStream MaxStream MaxStream MaxStream MaxStream MaxStream MaxStream A24-Y6 A24-Y8 A24-Y9 A24-Y10 A24-Y11 A24-Y12 A24-Y12 A24-Y13 A24-Y15 A24-F2 A24-F3 A24-F5 A24-F7 A24-F8 A24-F9 A24-F10 A24-F12 A24-F15 A24-P8 A24-P13 A24-P14 A24-P15 A24-P16 A24-P19 A24-HABMM-P6I A24-HBMM-P6I A24-HABSM A24-QABMM-P6I A24-QBMM-P6I A24-QI

*M=Mobile, F=Fixed/Base-Station RF EXPOSURE Yagi Yagi Yagi Yagi Yagi Yagi Yagi Yagi Yagi Omni Directional Omni Directional Omni Directional Omni Directional Omni Directional Omni Directional Omni Directional Omni Directional Omni Directional Panel Panel Panel Panel Panel Panel Dipole Dipole Dipole Monopole Monopole Monopole 6 8.8 9 10 11 12 12.5 13.5 15 2.1 3 5 7.2 8 9.5 10 12 15 8.5 13 14 15 16 19 2.1 2.1 2.1 1.9 1.9 1.9 WARNING: This equipment is approved only for mobile and base station transmitting devices, separation distances of (i) 20 centimeters or more for antennas with gains < 6 dBi or (ii) 2 meters or more for antennas with gains > 6 dBi should be maintained between the antenna of this device and persons during operation. To ensure compliance, operation at distances closer than this is not recommended. The preceding statement must be included as a CAUTION statement in manuals for OEM products to alert users on FCC RF Exposure compliance. 5 2001 MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream Wireless OEM Module Manual v2.8 General Description The 24XStream-192/96 modules are 100-milliwatt frequency hopping wireless modules that allow wireless communication between equipment using a standard asynchronous serial data stream. The module is half-duplex and can sustain a continuous data stream at the specified data rate. Boasting excellent sensitivity and range, the 24XStream module is perfect for applications such as Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA), remote meter reading, home automation, security, instrument monitoring, point of sale systems (POS), and countless other applications. The 24XStream operates within the 2.4 GHz Band under Part 15 of the FCC Rules and Regulations and is FCC approved. A regulated 5-volt supply is required for operation. Features Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) technology Noise and interference resistance Excellent sensitivity and range Several low power modes down to 1 microamp Standard serial digital interface Networking and addressing Simple AT command interface Simple Product Integration Easy to integrate; no knowledge of RF required Interfaces to any microcontrollers UART or PC Serial Port (using the MaxStream interface board) Small size Exceptional data transfer performance FCC approved, no further licensing or approval necessary 6 2001 MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream Wireless OEM Module Manual v2.8 Block Diagram Figure 1 Block diagram demonstrating basic module operation and data flow for both transmit and receive. Diagram The 24XStream data module connects to a host device using an 11 pin header and a 4 pin header (0.1 spaced). 0 5 2 8 2

[TOP VIEW]

Figure 2 Top view diagram of the 24XStream module with pin layout and dimensions. 7 2001 MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream Wireless OEM Module Manual v2.8 J1 Pin Descriptions Pin Name _____ CTS SLEEP

(PWRDN) DO

(Data Out) DI

(Data In) I/O Type O PU I PU O PU I RTS/CMD I PD Description Clear to Send flow control Can be used to enter Sleep Mode

(See Modes of Operation section for details.) Data leaving the module that is sent to the host Data entering the 24XStream module to be transmitted over the air Command mode enable

(See Binary Command Mode section for details.) I PU Reset module Active low high high high high low high high

low low

Pin No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ________ RESET RXLED ___ TX/PWR O O _______ CONFIG I PU*

VCC GND I 10 11

PU 10k Pull-Up Resistor PD 10k Pull-Down Resistor _________ J2 Pin Descriptions Pin 1 2 3 4 Signal GND GND GND GND Indicates good RF data reception PWR - Indicates module powered on ___ TX - Asserted during transmission Hold low during power up or reset - forces ASCII command mode. DO NOT TIE TO MICROPROCESSOR!

(See Serial Port Operation section for details.)

+5 VDC Signal ground 8 2001 MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream Wireless OEM Module Manual v2.8 Specifications General Frequency Range Type Frequency Control Transport Protocol Channel Capacity Serial Data Interface Serial Interface Baud Rate Data Throughput Performance Channel Data Rate Transmit Power Output Rx Sensitivity Range*

Power Requirements Supply Voltage Current Consumption Physical Properties Board Size Weight Connectors Operating Temperature Antennas Antenna Connector Approved Antennas X24-009 X24-019 2.40 to 2.4835 GHz, unlicensed ISM Band Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum Transceiver Direct FM Various Monitoring and Addressing Modes see Networking and Addressing section Hops through 25 channels. Features 7 different hop sequences. Asynchronous CMOS (TTL) signals, 5V levels Configurable from 2400-57600 bps

*1200 bps available 9600 bps Configurable from 2400-57600 bps 19200 bps 10k 63 mW

-105 dBm Indoor: 150 to 375 Outdoor: 1.4mi. with dipole, over 12 mi. with high gain antenna 20k 63 mW 102 dBm Indoor: 106 to 265 Outdoor: 1 mi. with dipole, over 8.5 miles with high gain antenna 5 VDC +/-0.25V Tx 240 mA nominal, Rx 70 mA nominal Power Down mode 1 microamp Other cyclic power-down modes available see Low Power Modes section 1.6 x 2.85 x .35 (4.06 x 6.86 x .89) cm 0.8oz (24g) 11 pin and 4 pin 0.1 spaced male Berg type headers Standard: 0C to 70C Industrial version: -40C to 85C available MMCX Female or Reverse Polarity SMA Male Integral wire antenna (factory installed) 1/4 wave flexible monopole 1/2 wave flexible dipole, SMA 9 2001 MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream Wireless OEM Module Manual v2.8 Product Listing X24-009NM, X24-019NM MMCX Wire Antenna X24-009WM, X24-019WM SMA No Antenna X24-009NS, X24-019NS Wave Antenna MMCX A09-QBMM-3-P6I Wave Antenna MMCX A09-HBMM-7-P6I Wave Antenna SMA A09-HASM-675 Module Part Numbers

Operating Frequency X09 900 MHz X24 2.4 GHz

Over-Air Baud Rate 009 9600-baud 019 19200-baud

Wire Antenna W Wire Antenna N No Wire Antenna

Connector M MMCX Connector S SMA Connector

Temperature Rating C Commercial. Certified for operation from 0 to 70 C. I Industrial. Conformal coated. Certified for -40 to 85 C. T 100% Tested. Conformal coated. 100% tested -40 to 85 C. 10 2001 MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream Wireless OEM Module Manual v2.8 2.4 GHz Modules Product Code Description X24-009NM X24-009WM X24-009NS X24-009WS X24-019NM X24-019WM X24-019NS X24-019WS X24-009PK X24-019PK X24-009DK X24-019DK Antennas Product Code 9600-baud, no wire mount antenna, MMCX connector 9600-baud, wire mount antenna, MMCX connector 9600-baud, no wire mount antenna, SMA connector 9600-baud, wire mount antenna, SMA connector 19200-baud, no wire mount antenna, MMCX connector 19200-baud, wire mount antenna, MMCX connector 19200-baud, no wire mount antenna, SMA connector 19200-baud, wire mount antenna, SMA connector Package Kits 9600-baud, Package 19200-baud, Package Development Kits 9600-baud, Development Kit 19200-baud, Development Kit Gain

(dBd)*

Frequency Range

(MHz) Feed Connector Length Description Yagi Antennas A24-Y6NF A24-Y15NF A24-Y16NF A24-W5NF A24-HABSM A24-HABMM-P6I 6.6 10.3 11.3 5 0 0 2.40 2.483GHz 2.40 2.480GHz 2.40 2.483GHz N Female N Female N Female Base Station Antennas N Female 2.40 2.485GHz Dipole Antennas 2.40 2.50GHz 2.40 2.50GHz RPSMA MMCX Plug Other 7.25 18 18 6-element Yagi 15-element Yagi 16-element Yagi 8 6 6 Base Station Omni wave dipole wave dipole A24-P6NF A24-P12NF A24-P13NF NOTE: If using an external antenna, the wire antenna should be removed from the 24XStream module. 3.5 x 2.6 Wall Mount Panel 9.4 x 8.5 12.1 2.40 2.50GHz 2.40 2.485GHz 2.40 2.50GHz 4 Element Panel Planar Array N Female N Female N Female 6.3 12 12.8

* dBd relates the dB gain of an antenna to the gain of a dipole antenna. For example, an antenna with 6dBd has 6dB more gain than a dipole antenna, which translates to twice the range of a dipole. 10 2001 MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream Wireless OEM Module Manual v2.8 Serial Port Operation The 24XStream modules come equipped with a CMOS-level asynchronous serial port. Through this serial port, the 24XStream can communicate directly with any device having a UART interface, or with a PC, or other RS-232 port, via the MaxStream interface board. By connecting the 24XStream to a host devices serial port, the host device becomes empowered to communicate wirelessly with ease. To transmit, the host device simply sends serial data to the 24XStream and the 24XStream converts the data to spread spectrum FCC-approved wireless data. When this spread spectrum data is detected by the receiving 24XStream module, the data is checked for integrity and then sent to a receiving device via the serial port. This is shown in Figure 3 below. a. b. Figure 3 Diagram of data flow from a microcontroller or PC (or any RS-232 device) through a pair of 24XStream wireless modules to receiving microcontroller or PC. (Note: When connecting the 24XStream to an RS-232 device, the MaxStream Interface Board adjusts voltage levels between the RS-232 device and the MaxStream wireless module.) Serial Pins Figure 3 above shows 4 data lines needed to interface from a microcontroller or RS-232 device to the 24XStream modules. These four lines represent DI (Data In), DO (Data Out), *CTS, and RTS/CMD (request to send/command mode). (All low-asserted pins are distinguished with a line over the top of the pin name, or a * symbol prefacing the pin name.) While the DI and DO pins are indispensable in almost all cases, the *CTS and RTS/CMD may not be needed under certain conditions. The following includes a brief description of each of these pins and under what conditions the pins must be used. A brief explanation of the *CONFIG pin is also provided. DI (Data In) Pin 4 (Input) 11 2001 MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream Wireless OEM Module Manual v2.8 Data enters the 24XStream the DI pin as an asynchronous serial signal. The serial signal is idle

(high) when no data is being transmitted. Each data packet consists of a start bit (low), 8 data bits, and a stop bit (high) as shown below in Figure 4. The 24XStream modules transfer exactly 8-bits over the air. The start and stop bits from the UART signal are not actually transmitted, but are regenerated on the receiving module before they are sent out the serial port. This allows for the following data configurations to be sent:

8-bit, no parity, 1 stop bit 7-bit, even parity, 1 stop bit 7-bit, odd parity, 1 stop bit 7-bit, no parity, 2 stop bits Since the 24XStream is half-duplex, it can only transmit or receive at a given time. Thus, once the first byte is detected on the DI pin, the 24XStream immediately begins transmitting the incoming data unless over-the-air data is already being received. In this case, the data on the DI pin is stored in the data buffer until data is no longer being received at the antenna. If the 24XStream receives a lengthy sequence of data, the data buffer could reach its capacity (132 bytes) in which case the *CTS signal will need to be implemented (see *CTS section below). Also, the 9600 and 19200-baud modules allow the incoming serial data to be transferred at a rate of 2400-57600 bits/second. Serial data can be transferred to the module at a rate equal to or less than the modules over-the-air baud rate without any problems. However, if the serial interface rate is set to exceed the modules baud rate (9600 or 19200 bps respectively), *CTS must be implemented since the data buffer may become full. DO (Data Out) Pin 3 (Output) Data received from over-the-air transmissions is checked for errors and then sent to the DO pin. ____ CTS Pin 1 (Output) ___ The CTS pin (clear to send) informs the host device whether or not serial data can be sent to the 24XStream module. When *CTS is low, serial data can be sent to the 24XStream module. All incoming serial data is stored in a data buffer until the next data packet is transmitted (over-the-

air). The data buffer can hold up to 132 bytes of data. Once the data buffer contains 115 bytes, the 24XStream module drives the *CTS signal high (de-asserts it) to alert the host device to stop sending serial data. *CTS remains high until less than 98 bytes are in the buffer. 12 2001 MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream Wireless OEM Module Manual v2.8 There are three cases in which the data buffer may become full. 1) Since the 9600 and 19200-baud modules support serial interface rates from 2400-57600 bits/second, the serial data rate could be configured at a higher rate than the modules over-the-air baud rate. If this happens, long serial data streams can cause the data buffer to become momentarily full, causing *CTS to de-assert. 2) Since the 24XStream modules are half-duplex, they can either receive or transmit at a given time. If a long string of over-the-air data is received, serial data could arrive at the buffer and cause it to become full if the module is unable to transmit the data. 3) If any module in a network (see Networking and Addressing) is transmitting data, all other modules in the network will not transmit until they finish receiving data. Thus, if they receive serial data, their data buffers could become full. In some applications, where none of these conditions will occur, the *CTS signal need not be monitored. RTS/CMD Pin 5 (Input) RTS The RTS signal (request to send) is not implemented for flow control with the 24XStream modules. All received data (over-the-air) is sent out the serial port regardless of the RTS signal. CMD The 24XStream comes with a variety of configurable settings including power-saving modes and network addressing options. This pin can be used as one way to manually configure the 24XStream module as described in the Command Mode section. When this pin is driven high

(asserted), incoming serial data (on the DI pin) is interpreted as commands instead of data. See the Command Mode section for more information.

*CONFIG Pin 9 (Input) The (low-asserted) *CONFIG pin is used to force the module to enter AT Command Mode. When asserted, the serial port baud rate is temporarily set to match the default baud rate of the 24XStream module. This assures that the module will transition into AT Command Mode at a known baud rate. Upon entering AT Command Mode, all configured parameters, including the baud rate, remain in their saved state and can be modified as described in the AT Command NOTE: DO NOT tie the *CONFIG pin to an external device as it may cause problems with module operation. The *CONFIG pin should be tied to an external switch and used manually to enter AT Command Mode only when AT Command Mode cannot be entered under the normal procedure (see AT Command Mode section). 13 2001 MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream Wireless OEM Module Manual v2.8 Modes of Operation The 24XStream wireless module features several modes of operation that allow the module to be responsive to data and yet utilize minimum power. The figure below shows these modes and is followed by a comprehensive look into each mode and the necessary conditions for the 24XStream module to transition from one mode to another. Idle Mode The 24XStream module operates in Idle Mode when there is no data being transmitted or received. The module will transition to Transmit Mode once data is presented on the DI pin. If valid data is detected at the antenna, the module will switch from Idle Mode to Receive Mode. When no longer transmitting or receiving, the module returns to Idle Mode. Transmit Mode When the first byte arrives in the data buffer through the DI pin, the module leaves Idle Mode and transitions to Transmit Mode. This transition happens instantaneously from the moment the first byte of data arrives in the data buffer. In Transmit Mode, a header is sent out and is then followed by the first data packet, which has a CRC (cyclic redundancy check) attached (see Data Validity section below for more information). The first data packet contains all bytes that accumulated in the data buffer while the header was being sent. After the first data packet is sent, if more data is available in the buffer, another header will be sent, followed by another data packet. This second data packet (and all subsequent data packets) will consist of data that accumulated in the buffer while the previous data packet and header were being sent out (see Figure 5b below). The size of each data packet can vary up to 64 bytes. This progression is shown in Figure 5a. 14 2001 MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream Wireless OEM Module Manual v2.8 Sent Data:

Group Data into Packets:

Figure 5a Transmit Mode description. Figure 5b Generation of data packets. Data Validity To verify data integrity, a 16-bit cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is computed for the transmitted data and attached to the end of each data packet before transmission. The receiver will then compute the CRC on all incoming data. Any received data that has an invalid CRC is discarded. Transmission Latency The time required to send a packet of data depends on the number of bytes being sent, and the baud rate. In addition, the modules have a synchronization timer option that can be manually configured using the SY command as discussed in the 24XStream Command Table. Modifying this parameter can significantly change the transmission latency. See the Timing Diagrams section for more information on transmission latencies. A Note About Headers As noted in Figure 5, data packets are always prefaced by a header. The header contains information that is used by all receivers (within range) to synchronize their hopping patterns to the transmitter. The length of the header can be reduced in some applications by eliminating the synchronization information. See Timing Diagrams for more information. Receive Mode If over-the-air data is present at the RF receiver when the module is in Idle Mode, it will transition to Receive Mode and start receiving packets. Once a packet is received, it goes through a CRC (cyclic redundancy check) to ensure that the data was transmitted correctly. If the CRC data bits on the incoming packet are invalid, the packet is discarded. If the CRC is valid, the packet is sent to the serial port via the DO pin. This process is shown in Figure 6 below. 15 MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream Wireless Module Manual v2.8 The module will remain in Receive Mode until an error is detected in the received data, or no more data is detected, at which point, the module transitions to Idle Mode. If serial data was stored in the data buffer while the module was in Receive Mode, the data will be transmitted after the module returns to Idle Mode. Sleep Mode Sleep Mode enables the 24XStream module to go into a low-power state where minimal power is consumed when the module is not in use. Once in Sleep Mode, the module will not transmit or receive data until it first returns to Idle Mode. To enter Sleep Mode, the module must be inactive

(no data transmission or reception) for a user-defined period of time (specified by the ST command). After this time elapses, the module transitions to Sleep Mode. By default, Sleep Mode is disabled and must be enabled using the SM command. The 24XStream features several Sleep Mode settings, each of which makes use of different mechanisms to enter or leave Sleep Mode. The following table lists the different Sleep Mode settings and the requirements to transition to and from Sleep Mode for each setting. 16 MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream Wireless Module Manual v2.8 Sleep Settings No Sleep Mode Pin Sleep Transition to Sleep Mode None. The module remains in Idle Mode.

(Default Setting) High on SLEEP pin

(pin 2). Serial Port Sleep Automatic transition after a user-defined period of module inactivity (no transmitting or receiving of data). Set by ST command. Automatic transition after a user-defined period of module inactivity (no transmitting or receiving of data). Set by ST command. Cyclic Sleep Return to Idle Mode

Sleep Current 50 mA Low on SLEEP pin.

<2 uA Any serial byte received on DI pin. 1 mA Periodically returns to Idle Mode 1.0 Cyclic:

Min: 60A Max: 35.7mA Avg: 4mA 4.0 Cyclic:

Min: 60A Max: 35.7mA Avg: 1.1mA 0.5 Cyclic:

Min: 60A Max: 40mA Avg: 7.4mA 2.0 Cyclic:

Min: 60A Max: 35.7mA Avg: 2.07mA 8.0 Cyclic:

Min: 60A Max: 35.56mA Avg: 630 A Configure these Commands

SM SM, ST SM, ST, LH, HT The following sections describe how each setting operates. Pin Sleep (SM=1) After enabling the Pin Sleep setting, the SLEEP pin (Pin 2) controls whether the 24XStream is active or in Sleep Mode. If SLEEP is low, the module is fully operational. Once SLEEP is driven high (asserted), the module transitions to Sleep Mode and remains in its lowest power-

consuming state until the SLEEP pin is de-asserted. The 24XStream requires 85 ms to transition from Sleep Mode to Idle Mode. The SLEEP pin is only active if the module is set up to operate in this mode; otherwise the pin is ignored. (See the SM command in the 24XStream Command Table for more information.) Once in Pin Sleep Mode, the *CTS pin (Pin 1) is driven high (de-asserted) to indicate that data should not be sent to the module during this time. The TX/PWR pin (Pin 8) is driven low (de-asserted) when the module is in Pin Sleep Mode. Serial Port Sleep (SM=2) If this state is enabled, the module goes into Sleep Mode after a user-defined period of inactivity

(no transmitting or receiving of data). This period of time can be changed by modifying the ST command. When the module is in Serial Port Sleep Mode, the TX/PWR pin (Pin 8) is de-

asserted. The module will return to Idle Mode once a character is received on the DI pin. Cyclic Sleep (SM=3-7) If the Cyclic Sleep setting is enabled, the 24XStream module goes into Sleep Mode after a user-

defined period of inactivity (no transmission or reception on the RF channel). This user-defined 17 MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream Wireless Module Manual v2.8 period can be set by adjusting the ST parameter (see the ST command in 24XStream Command Table). The module remains in Sleep Mode for a user-defined period of time ranging from 0.5 seconds to 8 seconds (adjustable using SM command as described in 24XStream Command Table section). After this period of time, the module returns to Idle Mode and listens for a valid data packet. If no valid data packet is found on any channel, the module returns to Sleep Mode. If a data packet is found, the module transitions into Receive Mode and receives the incoming packets until another ST inactivity time out. When the module is awake, it requires 100 milliseconds to search for a valid data packet. While the module is in its low-power state, the *CTS pin (Pin 1) is driven high (de-asserted) to indicate that data should not be sent to the module during this time. When the module awakens to listen for data, the *CTS pin is asserted, and any data received on the DI pin will be transmitted. The TX/PWR pin (Pin 8) is driven low (de-asserted) when the module is in Cyclic Sleep Mode. It is asserted each time the module cycles into Idle Mode to listen for valid data packets, and then de-asserts if the module returns to Sleep Mode. A Note About Cyclic Scanning Each RF packet consists of a header and data as shown previously in Figure 5b. Since the header contains the channel synchronization information, the module must wake up during the header portion of a packet in order to synchronize with the transmitter and receive the data. To ensure that the 24XStream module can detect the header, a long header can be sent periodically during a transmission. This long header repeats the synchronization information for a period of time defined by the LH command. By default the long header is turned off, and must be enabled in order to communicate with a module operating in Cyclic Sleep Mode. To enable the long header, the LH parameter must be set to a value greater than the time of cyclic sleep to ensure accurate detection by the receiver(s). For example, if the 24XStream is set to wake up from Sleep Mode every four seconds and check for a packet, a transmitter would need to send a long header that is just over four seconds in length to guarantee that the receiving module will detect the packet. (The exact timing requirements can be found in the Timing Diagrams section.) This concept of long header length versus Sleep Mode timing is displayed in Figure 7 below. Figure 7a The length of the long header is not as long as the period of Cyclic Sleep. It is possible for the receiver to wake and miss the header (and the data packet) in this scenario. Figure 7b The length of the long header exceeds the period of Cyclic Sleep. The receiver is guaranteed to detect and receive the data packet. The long header is only sent with the initial transmitted packet after a user-defined period of inactivity (no serial data received and no over-the-air transmitting or receiving). This period of inactivity must be adjusted using the HT command as described in the 24XStream Command Table. Sending the long header assures that the receiver will detect the new transmission and will be able to receive the data as long as the header length slightly exceeds the cyclic sleep time. 18 MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream Wireless Module Manual v2.8 Command Mode Command Mode allows several features, including the power-down and addressing options, to be configured. These adjustable parameters offer greater flexibility to designers in configuring the module to fit specific design criteria. There are three ways to enter Command Mode:

1) Assert RTS/CMD and send a binary command. 2) Send the sequence +++ to send AT commands. 3) Assert (low) the *CONFIG pin and turn the power switch off and back on. (Do not tie

*CONFIG pin to microprocessor. See Serial Port Operation section for details.) Once in Command Mode, the configurable parameters can be adjusted using either AT commands or Binary commands, as explained below. Any parameters that are changed while in Command Mode must be saved to non-volatile memory using the WR command, or else they will reset to their stored value upon reset or power-up. The following sections contain a description of the AT and Binary Command Modes along with some examples. In these examples, sent or received ASCII characters are marked in quotations. The quotation marks should not be included when sending commands to the 24XStream modules. Carriage Returns (ASCII character 13) will be denoted as <CR>. Also, Binary values are represented in this document with < and > characters and are not sent as part of the actual command. All binary values are represented as hexadecimal values (HEX) in these examples, denoted by an H after the number. The actual Binary Command values must all be sent in binary with the least significant byte (LSB) sent first followed by the most significant byte (MSB) if the value is larger than one byte. AT Commands AT commands can be sent to the module using ASCII commands and parameters. A special break sequence is used so that the module will transition into AT Command Mode. The default sequence for entering AT Command Mode is:

- No characters sent for 1 second. (Time modified by BT command)

- Send 3 plus characters +++ within 1 second. (Character modified by CC command)

- No characters sent for 1 second. (Time modified by AT command) The 24XStream module will respond by sending an OK<CR>. All AT commands are sent as follows:

AT 2-Character ASCII Command Optional Space Parameter

(HEX) Carriage Return The ASCII command consists of AT followed by two alpha-numeric bytes, and the parameter is a number represented as ASCII hexadecimal characters (0-9, A-F). The ASCII commands and parameters are not case-sensitive. The optional space can be any non-alpha-numeric character. After executing a recognized AT command, the module responds with an OK<CR>. If an unrecognized command or a command with a bad parameter is received, the module will respond with an ERROR<CR>. The modified value will be reset upon module power-down or reset unless the WR command is issued to save the parameter to non-volatile memory. 19 MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream Wireless Module Manual v2.8 To query the current value of a particular command, send the corresponding AT command without any parameters (carriage return is still sent). The response will be the current value of that command reported as a hexadecimal number. The following example demonstrates basic AT Command functionality in the 24XStream module. Example:

This example will change the user-defined Module Address to 1A0D (HEX) and check the current value of the SM command. It will also write the new Module Address to non-volatile memory. Send

ATDT 1A0D<CR>

ATSM<CR>

ATWR<CR> (write to non-volatile memory) ATCN<CR> (exit AT Command Mode) Response OK<CR>

OK<CR>

0 OK<CR>

Exiting AT Command Mode There are two ways to exit the AT command mode and return to Idle Mode. If no valid AT commands are received within the time specified by the AT Command Timeout parameter (CT command), the module will return to Idle Mode automatically. Alternatively, the AT command mode can be exited by sending the CN command. Binary Commands Binary command bytes are organized as follows:

<Command><Parameters>

1 byte 2 bytes When sending a Binary command to the 24XStream, the Command byte must be sent while the RTS/CMD pin (Pin 5) is asserted. RTS/CMD can be de-asserted 100 microseconds after the stop bit of the Command byte has been sent. It does not matter whether RTS/CMD is asserted when the Parameter bytes are sent. The command will execute when all the parameters associated with the command have been sent. If all parameters havent been received within 0.5 seconds the module will return to Idle Mode. Note that when parameters are sent, they are always two bytes long with the least significant byte sent first. When they are read, they are 1 or 2 bytes long as indicated in the Command Table below. Binary Command Mode allows multiple commands to be sent in sequence. When the RTS/CMD pin is asserted, all incoming serial data will be interpreted as commands. Commands can be sent in sequences of commands and their associated parameters. If RTS/CMD remains asserted, all received commands will be executed by the 24XStream module. All modified parameters must be stored in non-volatile memory by sending the WR command (08H with no parameters) before powering down or resetting the module or the changes will be lost. 20 MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream Wireless Module Manual v2.8 Commands can be queried for their current value by sending the command logically ORed with the value 80H (hexadecimal) with RTS/CMD asserted. When this binary value is sent (with no parameters) the current value of the command will be sent back, through the DO pin. NOTE: For the 24XStream module to recognize a Binary command, the RT command must be issued from AT Command Mode to enable binary programming. If binary programming is not enabled, the module will not recognize when the RTS/CMD pin is asserted and will therefore not recognize Binary Commands. Example:

This example will set Sleep Mode to the Pin Sleep setting and store the new Sleep Mode value to non-volatile memory. (Again, the RT command must be issued in AT Command Mode to enable binary programming before Binary Command Mode will work.) Assert RTS/CMD Send bytes:

<01H>

<01H>

<00H>

Send bytes:

<08H>

De-assert RTS/CMD

(Enter command mode.)

(Send SM1 command)

(Command Byte - SM)

(Least significant bit of the Parameter Bytes - 01H)

(Most significant bit of the Parameter Bytes 00H)

(Send WR command)

(Command Byte - WR) 21 MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream Wireless Module Manual v2.8 24XStream Command Table d n a m m o C T A DT

d n a m m o C y r a n B i 0 V4.08 SM 1 ST 2 HT BT AT CT 3 4 5 6 FL 7 WR 8 CN E0 E1 9 10 11 Description Parameters d e n r u t e R s e t y B

y r o t c a F t l u a f e D 2 1 0 0 Address value Range: 0 FFFFH 0 No Sleep Mode 1 Pin Sleep 2 Serial Port Sleep 3 Cyclic 0.5 second sleep 4 Cyclic 1.0 second sleep 5 Cyclic 2.0 second sleep 6 Cyclic 4.0 second sleep 7 Cyclic 8.0 second sleep Number of tenths of seconds. Range: 0 FFFFH. 2 64 Number of tenths of seconds. Range: 0 FFFFH.

(65535 means no long header) Number of tenths of seconds. Range: 0 FFFFH. Number of tenths of seconds Range: 0 FFFFH. Number of tenths of seconds. Range: 0 FFFFH. 2 2 2 2 FF FF A A C8 0- no software flow control 1- use software flow control 1 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Set the Module Address. (Only modules with the same address can communicate.) Adjust Sleep Mode setting. Set time to sleep. Time of inactivity before entering Sleep Mode (This number is only valid in Cyclic and Serial Port Sleep settings). Set time before long header. Time of inactivity before a long header is used. Set silence time before command sequence. Set silence time after command sequence Set time out from AT command mode. Returns to Idle Mode from AT mode if no valid commands have been received within this time period. Set serial software flow control.

(Hardware flow control (*CTS) is always on.) Write all configurable parameters to non-volatile memory. All settable parameters are stored. Exit AT command mode. No echo in AT command mode. Echo characters in AT command mode. 22 MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream Wireless Module Manual v2.8 d n a m m o C T A

d n a m m o C y r a n B i Description Parameters d e n r u t e R s e t y B

y r o t c a F t l u a f e D LH 12 Transmit header time FH RE ER 13 14 15 Force header on next transmit Restore default configuration Set Receive Error Count GD 16 Set Receive Good Count HP 17 Set Network number. Each network uses a different hop sequence. Seven different network numbers are available. MK 18 Set Module Address Mask CC 19 Set command sequence character. VR BD 20 21 V4.08 Firmware version Set Serial Baud Rate 1 1 NA NA NA NA 2 0 0 0 FF FF 2B NA 2 1 2 1 2 1 Time in tenths of seconds for the long header. Range: 0 0xFF NA NA Value of error count. This value is reset to 0 after every reset it is not non-volatile Value of good count. This value is reset to 0 after every reset it is not non-volatile Use this parameter to operate independent networks of 24XStream modules in the same vicinity. Range: 0 6H Address mask. Only bits set to 1 are used in the address comparison. A global address is an address that has the same bits set as the address mask. Number for the command character. Range: 20H 7FH NA Number corresponding to Serial Port baud rate. Baud rate doesnt take affect until ATCN command is issued. If the baud command is issued in binary mode it must be stored

(ATWR) and new baud rate will take affect after reset. Range: 1 6 1-2400 2-4800 3-9600 4-19200 5-38400 6-57600 23 MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream Wireless Module Manual v2.8

d n a m m o C y r a n B i Description Parameters d e n r u t e R s e t y B

y r o t c a F t l u a f e D d n a m m o C T A RT 22 V4.10 RTS/CMD Control 0 No binary commands accessed with RTS/CMD. 1 Binary commands are sent when RTS/CMD is asserted. Time in tenths of seconds Range: 0 FFH 1 1 0 0 SY 23 V4.12 Set Sync Timer. This time represents the time that the transmitter and receiver stay in sync after receiving or sending data. Setting this parameter to 20

(0x14) will allow any module to transmit within the next 2 seconds utilizing a header of 8ms instead of 35ms. Use this parameter to reduce communication latency and turn-around time. 24 MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream Wireless Module Manual v2.8 Networking and Addressing The 24XStream modules utilize three levels of addressing to communicate between modules. This networking hierarchy is depicted in Figure 8 below. Only modules with the matching addresses are able to communicate. The three methods of addressing are: Vendor Identification number, Networks and Module Addresses. Figure 8 Layout of a typical network configuration. The 24XStream features a powerful set of networking and addressing options allowing the functionalities of complex networking systems. Vendor Identification Number (VID) For network security, a unique Vendor Identification number (VID) can be requested. The VID is programmed into the 24XStream module at the factory and is stored in permanent memory. This number can only be changed at the factory. Only modules with matching VID numbers can communicate together. The VID addressing ensures that modules with a given VID are immune to either transmissions or receptions with 24XStream modules with a different VID in the same vicinity. To request a unique VID number, contact MaxStream to obtain a VID Request Form. Networks Within each VID, there are seven available networks. Each network utilizes a different pseudo-

random hopping sequence to navigate through the shared hopping channels. In the event that two modules from different networks collide on a channel, because they hop in a different sequence, the two modules will jump to separate channels on the next hop. Using networks, multiple module pairs can operate in the same vicinity with minimal interference from each other. The network parameter is user settable using the HP command as described in the 24XStream 25 MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream Wireless Module Manual v2.8 Module Address Module Addresses and Module Address Masks provide another level of addressing among 24XStream modules. Each module in a network can be configured with a 16-bit Module Address to establish selective communications within a network. This address is set to one of 65535 values using the DT command. The default Module Address is 0000H. All modules with the same Module Address can transmit and receive data among themselves. Any modules on a network with different Module Addresses will still detect and listen to the data in order to maintain network synchronization. However, they will not send the data out to their serial ports if their Module Addresses dont match the Module Address of the transmitter. (The Module Address Mask can be used to provide exceptions to this rule as described in the following section. Module Address Mask The Module Address Mask can be used as an additional method to facilitate communication among modules. The Module Address Mask can also be set to one of 65535 possible values using the MK command. The default value is FFFFH. All transmitted data packets contain the Module Address of the transmitting module. When a transmitted packet is received by a module, the Transmitter Module Address (contained in the packet) is logically ANDed (bitwise) with the Receiver Module Address Mask. If the resulting value matches the Receiver Module Address, or if it matches the Receiver Module Address Mask, the packet is accepted. Otherwise, the packet is discarded. (When performing this comparison, any 0 values in the Receiver Module Address Mask are treated as dont care values and are ignored.) Packets with a Transmitter Module Address of FFFFH will be received by all modules as shown below in Figure 10. A Transmitter Module Address that matches the Module Address Mask is called a Global Address. Figure 10 Demonstration of Module Address comparison at receiver. FFFFH logically ANDed with any Module Address Mask will equal the Module Address Mask. The following example helps illustrate the manner in which Module Addresses are checked. Example Consider a Module (Module A) with Module Address of 00FFH and Module Address Mask F0F0H as shown in Figure 11 below. 26 MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream Wireless Module Manual v2.8 F0F0H. There are three different ways that Module A can receive packets from other modules. 1) This module could receive packets from other modules with a Transmitter Module Address of 00FFH. 2) Since the Receiver Module Address Mask is set to F0F0H, logically with the Receiver Module Address yields 0XFX (HEX) where the X values can be anything. Thus, by setting the Module Address Mask to F0F0H, this module could receive packets from any module with a 0XFX Module Address. 3) The module can also receive packets from any module with a Module Address that matches the Module Address Mask of the module (F0F0H). However, since the Module Address Mask of Module A (in this example) contains two 0 values, these are dont care values. Hence, Module A could receive packets from any module having a Transmitter Module Address (Global Address) of FXFX. 27 MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream Wireless Module Manual v2.8 Electrical Characteristics Symbol DC Characteristics Vcc=4.75V to 5.25V Parameter Input Low Voltage Input High Voltage Input High Voltage Output Low Voltage Output High Voltage Input Leakage Current I/O Pin Input Leakage Current I/O Pin VIL VIH VIH2 VOL VOH IIL IIH IIL2 IIL3 IIH2 Condition All input signals ________

(Except RESET) ________

(RESET) IOL=20mA Vcc=5V Min

-0.5 0.6*Vcc 0.9*Vcc IOH=-3mA Vcc=5V 4.2 Vcc=5V, pin low

(abs. value)

(Except *CTS, DO,

*RESET, *CONFIG) Vcc=5V, pin high

(abs. value)

(Except RTS/CMD) ____ ________ CTS, DO, RESET _________ CONFIG RTS/CMD Typical Max 0.3*Vcc Units V Vcc+0.5 V Vcc+0.5 V 0.6 8.0 980 V V uA nA mA mA mA

(Vcc-VI)/10

(Vcc-VI)/47 VI/10 AC Characteristics Pin Timings Symbol TR1 TR2 TTL1 TTL2 TRL1 TRL2 Description Latency from the time data is transmitted until received. Same as TR1 (SY=20) Time from when data packet is first transmitted until TX/PWR pulses low. Time that TX/PWR pin is driven low (when red LED flashes). Time from when data packet is first transmitted until RXLED pin goes high on receiver. Time that RXLED pin is driven low (when yellow LED flashes). X24-019 54 ms X24-009 73.6 ms 26.6 ms 46.4 ms 8.4 ms 40.6 ms 44.8 ms 55.6 ms 16.8 ms 44.8 ms 14 ms 29.6 ms 28 MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream Wireless Module Manual v2.8 Cyclic Sleep Mode Timings Symbol TS Description Time when module is listening for a valid header to start receiving data. Time where the 24XStream is in its low power cyclic sleep. This time is adjustable using the SM command. TSL TC Total period between successive pulses of the module awakening from Sleep Mode. This value is dependent on the setting of the SM command. X24-019 100 ms X24-009 100 ms 0.5 seconds 1.0 seconds 2.0 seconds 4.0 seconds 8.0 seconds

(depends on SM) 0.6 seconds 1.1 seconds 2.1 seconds 4.1 seconds 8.1 seconds

(depends on SM) 0.5 seconds 1.0 seconds 2.0 seconds 4.0 seconds 8.0 seconds

(depends on SM) 0.6 seconds 1.1 seconds 2.1 seconds 4.1 seconds 8.1 seconds

(depends on SM) Timing Diagrams Pin Timings Sleep Mode Timings 29 MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream Wireless Module Manual v2.8 FCC Qualifications IMPORTANT: The 24XStream module has been certified as a module by the FCC for integration into OEM products without further certification being necessary (as per FCC section 2.1091.) The OEM must satisfy the following requirements in order to comply with FCC regulations:

1) The system integrator must ensure that the external label provided with this device is placed on the outside of the final product. 2) In order to comply with the FCC RF exposure requirements, the 24XStream may be used only with Approved Antennas that have been tested with this module and a minimum separation distance of 20 cm must be maintained from the antenna to any nearby persons. The OEM must also include a statement in the final product manual, informing users of the requirement to maintain 20 cm separation from the antenna to any nearby persons. If the OEM integrates the 24XStream into their final product, where the final product utilizes a non-approved antenna or is classified as a portable device per FCC Section 2.1093 (less than 20 cm separation distance between the antenna to any nearby persons), the OEM is responsible for obtaining a separate authorization on the final product. Warranty The 24XStream module from MaxStream is warranted against defects in materials and manufacturing for a period of 90 days from the date of purchase. In the event of a product failure due to materials or workmanship, MaxStream will repair or replace the defective product. For warranty service, return the defective product to MaxStream for prompt repair or replacement. MaxStream, its suppliers, and its licensors shall in no event be liable for any damages arising from the use of or inability to use this product. This includes business interruption, loss of business information, or other losses that may arise from the use of this product. 30 MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream Wireless Module Manual v2.8 Using the 24XStream Development Kit Introduction:

Use this development kit to experience the extended range and ease of use of the MaxStream 24XStream module. This module transmits data at either 9600 or 19200 bits per second

(see FCC label on module shield) in the license-free 2.4 GHz ISM band. See how simple it is to communicate with the module using asynchronous serial communications by following the instructions below. Contents:

2 2 2 2 1 1 Requirements:

24XStream Frequency Hopping modules Interface Boards 9 VDC power supplies DB-9 straight through serial cables Null modem adapter 3.5" floppy disk containing file RAT.TXT 2 computers with an available comm port and Windows 95/98 or NT. Instructions:

Figure 1 MaxStream PC Interface Board 1. Assemble and Connect Interface Boards to computers. a. Connect the modules to the Interface Boards by fitting the 4 and 11-pin connectors into their respective female headers. b. Attach the male sides of one of the DB-9 Connecting Cables to the female DB-9 jacks on the Interface Boards. c. Attach the female side of a DB-9 connecting cable to an available RS-232 port on the back of Computer 1. Connect Module 2 to Computer 2 in the same fashion. d. Plug power supplies into the Interface Boards. Turn the switch on. The red LEDs on the Interface Boards will illuminate to show the boards are powered. e. Refer to figure 1 for completed assembly. Figure 2 Connect To Dialogue Box 2. Run and configure HyperTrm.exe on both computers a. Open the folder on the Start Menu found under Programs -> Accessories -> Communications ->

HyperTerminal. b. Double-click on the application HyperTrm.exe and choose a name and an icon for the new connection in the Connection Description dialogue box. In the Connect To dialogue box on each computer, select Connect using: Direct to Com1 or Direct to Com2 to correspond with the comm port used on the respective computers (see figure 2) . Click OK. In the COM Properties dialogue box, set the c. d. Figure 3 COM Properties Dialogue Box 31 MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream Wireless Module Manual v2.8 following: Bits per second: 19200; Data bits: 8; Parity: None; Stop Bits: 1 and Flow Control: Hardware (See figure 3). Click OK. (Set the Bits per second to 9600 if you are using 24XStream-96 modules) e. Both computers are now set up and ready to communicate. 3. Test Connection a. Place cursor in HyperTerminal window of Computer 1 and type a message. Notice that text appears only in the window of Computer 2 and text typed on Computer 2 appears only on Computer 1. This text is being transferred over the air by the 24XStream modules. b. Transfer the file RAT.TXT i. On Computer 1: Select Transfer menu ->

Send File(or try right-clicking in the HyperTerminal window). Insert the disk into the A: drive and enter Filename:

A:\RAT.TXT Select Protocol: Ymodem (See figure 4). Press Send. ii. On Computer 2: Select Transfer menu ->

Receive File. Select a folder in which to place the file and select Protocol: Ymodem

(see figure 5). Press Receive. iii. The file will begin to transfer and any errors or retries will be accounted for. Touch the antennas and move the modules around to notice that errors or retries do occur under certain circumstances. iv. When the transfer completes, open RAT.TXT on Computer 2 and observe the pattern of text, it will be easy to see if any characters were lost or corrupted. Figure 4 Send File Dialogue Box Figure 5 Receive File Dialogue Box v. Any file can be transferred this way. Use either Xmodem or Ymodem protocol. Both computers must have the same settings. c. Try range testing by distancing the two computers from each other. The modules can send and receive data up to 10 miles line of sight using gain antennas. 4. Problems (Trouble Shooting) a. Cant find the HyperTerminal on your computer?

i. Search your hard drive for HyperTrm.exe ii. Download a free version from http://www.hilgraeve.com b. Power LED doesnt illuminate when battery clip is attached?

i. Replace the battery. c. Cannot connect to the comm port or communication not working?

i. Try selecting another comm port by selecting Properties under the File menu. ii. If necessary test the comm ports with a null modem cable (cross RX and TX) between the two computers to verify operation of comm ports. d. Characters are getting scrambled?

i. Verify that both comm ports are set match the baud rate of the modules being tested. Probably 9600 baud or 19200 bits per second. Look for the baud rate on the FCC sticker, 96 or 192 respectively. 32 MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream Wireless Module Manual v2.8 Glossary Data buffer Collects incoming serial data prior to over-the-air data transmission. The data buffer can hold up to 132 bytes at a given time. When the buffer fills to 115 bytes, the Clear To Send (CTS) pin is de-

asserted to stop the flow of incoming serial data. Data packets A grouping of data to be sent over-the-air. Each data packet contains a header and data that is collected from the data buffer. The size of the packets varies up to 64 bytes depending on how many bytes of data are in the data buffer. Data validity Comparing received data with transmitted data to ensure accurate transmission. Data validity is verified by performing a CRC check. DI pin All incoming serial data enters the 24XStream module on the Data In pin (Pin 4). DO pin All received over-the-air data leaves the 24XStream module through the Data Out pin (Pin 3) and can then be sent to a microcontroller or RS-232 device. FCC The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is the US government agency responsible for regulating radio communications standards in the US. Flow control Method of determining when serial data can be sent to the module for over-the-air transmission. Flow control is used to prevent buffer overflow. This can be implemented in hardware and/or software. Hardware flow control is implemented in the 24XStream module using the *CTS pin. Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum

(FHSS) Method employed by the 24XStream module which involves transmitting data over several different channels in a specific channel hopping sequence known by the transmitter and the receiver(s). AT commands A set of commands that can be used to customize and configure the 24XStream module to meet specific needs. AT commands are sent via a serial communications program such as HyperTerminal. Binary commands Another set of commands used to configure the 24XStream module. Binary commands are sent with RTS/CMD asserted. The RT command must be used to enable binary programming prior to using binary commands. Multiple Binary commands can be issued sequentially while RTS/CMD is asserted. Clear to send See CTS pin. CMOS logic Logic levels used by the 24XStream module. (0-5V) Command Mode A mode of operation wherein the configurable parameters of the 24XStream module can be manually adjusted. Both Binary and AT command modes are available. Command table Table containing all 23 currently implemented commands. This table lists all of the adjustable parameters along with a brief description of each. CRC See Cyclic redundancy check. CTS pin The low-asserted Clear To Send pin (Pin 1) provides flow control for the 24XStream module. When CTS is asserted

(low), serial data can be sent to the module for transmission. If the module is unable to transmit the data, CTS may de-assert (high) once the data buffer nears capacity to prevent buffer overflow. Cyclic redundancy check (CRC) Used by the 24XStream module to ensure data integrity during transmission. A CRC is computed on the bits to be transmitted over-

the-air and sent with each data packet. The CRC is recomputed by the receiver and compared with the original CRC bits. The packet is valid if the receiver CRC matches the CRC computed by the transmitter. Cyclic sleep Sleep Mode setting in which the module enters a low-power state and awakens periodically to determine if any transmissions are being sent. 33 MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream Wireless Module Manual v2.8 Half-duplex Radios that operate in half-

duplex are able to either transmit data or receive data at a given time, but cannot do both simultaneously. The 24XStream is half-duplex. When one module is transmitting, all modules (with the same VID) within range listen to the transmission and will only transmit once the transmission is complete. Hardware flow control See Flow control. Headers Information that prefaces the data bits in transmitted data packets. The header contains information used by the receiver(s) to synchronize to the transmitter. HyperTerminal A serial communications program useful for communicating with the 24XStream module and configuring user-

defined operating parameters through AT commands. Idle Mode A mode of operation in which the 24XStream module is neither transmitting nor receiving. In Idle Mode, the module can transition to Receive Mode if over-the-air data is detected, Transmit Mode if serial data is presented on the DI pin, or Command Mode if either Binary or AT command mode is invoked. Industrial Temperature Temperature tested version of 24XStream modules extending beyond normal operating specifications (0C to 70C). These modules are tested for a temperature range from

-40C to 85C. Integration The simple process of dropping the 24XStream module into an application in place of a serial cable. Interface board An optional board available with the 24XStream module that converts RS-232 level data into CMOS logic levels. The interface board is especially useful for developing with the 24XStream module. Long header A lengthy header (length determined by LH command) sent out to ensure that modules running in a cyclic sleep mode can detect the header when they awake and synchronize to the transmission. Low-power modes See Sleep Mode. Module Addresses Provides a layer of addressing among modules. Modules with 34 the same Module Addresses can communicate together. Module Address Masks Provide a layer of filtering to received (over-the-air) data packets. The address (of the transmitting module) is logically ANDed with the Module Address Mask of the receiver. The resulting value must match the Module Address of the receiver for the packet to be received. All 0 values are not compared. Networks Provides a layer above Module Addresses for communicating between modules. Each network has a unique hopping sequence that allows modules on the same network to remain synchronized to each other. Pin layout Describes the layout and functionality of all pins on the 24XStream module. Pin sleep This Sleep Mode setting puts the 24XStream into a minimal power state when the SLEEP pin is asserted. It remains in Pin sleep until the SLEEP pin is de-asserted. This setting must be enabled using the SM command. Power-saving modes See Sleep Mode. Receive Mode A mode of operation that receives over-the-air data and transmits all valid data packets out to the serial port. The module must be in Idle Mode to transition to Receive Mode. RS-232 logic Standard logic levels implemented in all RS-232 devices. RTS/CMD The RTS/CMD pin (Pin 5) is used primarily to configure Binary commands (CMD). RTS (Request to Send) flow control is not implemented in the 24XStream module. Sensitivity A measurement specification that describes how weak a signal can be (in dBm) and still be detected by the receiver. Serial data Data that enters the 24XStream module through its serial port. Serial port sleep A Sleep Mode setting wherein the module runs in a low power state until data is detected on the DI pin. This setting must be enabled using the SM command. Sleep Mode A mode of operation in which the 24XStream enters a low power-

consuming state. Several Sleep Mode MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream Wireless Module Manual v2.8 settings are available and can be configured using the SM command. SLEEP pin If Pin Sleep is enabled, the SLEEP pin (Pin 2) determines if the module is in Sleep Mode or Idle Mode. See Pin Standby Mode See Idle Mode. Start bit A low UART signal sent to signify the beginning of an eight-bit data sequence. Stop bit The last bit in a UART data sequence. The stop bit is high and indicates the end of an eight-bit data sequence. Synchronization Synchronization is used to ensure that the transmitter and receiver are in sync with each other and following the same channel hopping sequence. Transmission Latency Time required to send a packet of data. This value is dependent on the number of bytes being sent and the baud rate of the module. Transmit Mode Mode of operation in which over-the-air data can be transmitted from a module to other modules. TTL Transistor-transistor logic. UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver-

Transmitter. See Serial port. VID The Vendor Identification number

(VID) allows modules with the same VID to communicate among themselves. Any module with a different VID will not receive their data transmissions. 35 MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream Wireless Module Manual v2.8 Index AC characteristics.. 27-28 Antennas.7, 9 AT commands18-19 Binary commands.. 19-20 Binary programming.. 20 Command mode. 18 Command table.. 21-23 CONFIG pin...13 CTS pin.. 6, 11-12 Current Consumption.7 Cyclic redundancy check (CRC) 14 Cyclic sleep16-17 Data packet generation...13-14 Data validity...14 DC characteristics.. 27 DI pin. 6, 10-11 DO pin6, 11 FCC 1, 29 Flow control... 21 Headers.. 13-14, 17 Idle mode13 Interface board10 Long header17, 21 Low-power modes (see Sleep mode) Module address.. 25 Module address mask. 25-26 Networks 24 Part numbers...8-9 Pin description6 Pin layout5 Pin sleep. 16 Power-saving modes (see Sleep mode) Product listing 9 Receive mode.14-15 RTS/CMD pin6, 12, 19 Sensitivity...7, 30-31 Serial data...10-11 Serial port sleep..16 SLEEP pin.. 6 Specifications.7 Standby mode (See Idle mode) Timing diagrams 28 Transmission latency. 14 Transmit mode... 13-14 Warranty 29 36