www.zyxel.comwww.huawei.comB222sLTE Outdoor CPEIMPORTANT!Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., LTD.Edition 1, 6/2012Default Login DetailsWeb Addresshttp://192.168.1.1User NameadminPassword1234 B222s Users Guide2Graphics in this book may differ slightly from the product due to differences in operating systems, operating system versions, or if you installed updated firmware/software for your device. Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this manual is accurate.Related DocumentationQuick Start Guide The Quick Start Guid shows how to connect the LTE Device and access the Web Configurator wizards. (See the wizard real time help for information on configuring each screen.) It also contains a connection diagram and package contents list.Note: It is recommended you use the Web Configurator to configure the LTE Device. Contents OverviewB222s Users Guide3Contents OverviewUsers Guide .......................................................................................................................................13Introduction .............................................................................................................................................15Introducing the Web Configurator ...........................................................................................................21Technical Reference ..........................................................................................................................27Connection Status and System Info ........................................................................................................29Broadband ...............................................................................................................................................35Wireless ..................................................................................................................................................43Home Networking ....................................................................................................................................69Routing ....................................................................................................................................................75DNS Route ..............................................................................................................................................79Quality of Service (QoS) .........................................................................................................................83Network Address Translation (NAT) ........................................................................................................95Dynamic DNS ........................................................................................................................................103Firewall ..................................................................................................................................................105MAC Filter .............................................................................................................................................115Parental Control ....................................................................................................................................117VoIP .......................................................................................................................................................121Logs .....................................................................................................................................................145Traffic Status .........................................................................................................................................149User Account .........................................................................................................................................155Remote MGMT ......................................................................................................................................157System ..................................................................................................................................................159Time Setting ..........................................................................................................................................161Log Setting ...........................................................................................................................................163Firmware Upgrade ................................................................................................................................165Backup/Restore .....................................................................................................................................167Diagnostic .............................................................................................................................................171Troubleshooting ....................................................................................................................................173 Contents OverviewB222s Users Guide4 Table of ContentsB222s Users Guide5Table of ContentsContents Overview ..............................................................................................................................3Table of Contents.................................................................................................................................5Part I: Users Guide.........................................................................................13Chapter 1Introduction.........................................................................................................................................151.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................151.2 Applications for the LTE Device ........................................................................................................151.2.1 Internet Access ........................................................................................................................151.2.2 VoIP Features ..........................................................................................................................161.2.3 Wireless Connection ................................................................................................................161.3 The WLAN Button .............................................................................................................................161.4 Ways to Manage the LTE Device ......................................................................................................181.5 Good Habits for Managing the LTE Device .......................................................................................181.6 LEDs (Lights) ....................................................................................................................................181.7 The RESET Button ............................................................................................................................20Chapter 2Introducing the Web Configurator....................................................................................................212.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................212.1.1 Accessing the Web Configurator .............................................................................................212.2 The Web Configurator Layout ...........................................................................................................232.2.1 Title Bar ...................................................................................................................................232.2.2 Main Window ...........................................................................................................................242.2.3 Traffic Status ............................................................................................................................242.2.4 User Account ...........................................................................................................................242.2.5 Navigation Panel .....................................................................................................................24Part II: Technical Reference............................................................................27Chapter 3Connection Status and System Info.................................................................................................293.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................293.2 The Connection Status Screen .........................................................................................................29 Table of ContentsB222s Users Guide63.3 The System Info Screen ....................................................................................................................31Chapter 4Broadband...........................................................................................................................................354.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................354.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ............................................................................................354.1.2 What You Need to Know ..........................................................................................................354.1.3 Before You Begin .....................................................................................................................384.2 The Broadband Screen .....................................................................................................................384.2.1 Add/Edit Internet Connection ...................................................................................................394.3 Technical Reference ..........................................................................................................................41Chapter 5Wireless...............................................................................................................................................435.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................435.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ............................................................................................435.1.2 Wireless Network Overview .....................................................................................................435.1.3 Before You Begin .....................................................................................................................455.2 The Wireless General Screen ..........................................................................................................455.2.1 No Security ..............................................................................................................................475.2.2 Basic (Static WEP/Shared WEP Encryption) ...........................................................................475.2.3 More Secure (WPA(2)-PSK) ....................................................................................................495.2.4 WPA(2) Authentication .............................................................................................................505.3 The More AP Screen .........................................................................................................................515.3.1 Edit More AP ...........................................................................................................................525.4 The WPS Screen ..............................................................................................................................535.5 The WMM Screen .............................................................................................................................555.6 Scheduling Screen ...........................................................................................................................575.7 Technical Reference ..........................................................................................................................575.7.1 Additional Wireless Terms .......................................................................................................585.7.2 Wireless Security Overview .....................................................................................................585.7.3 Signal Problems ......................................................................................................................605.7.4 BSS .........................................................................................................................................615.7.5 MBSSID ...................................................................................................................................615.7.6 WiFi Protected Setup (WPS) ...................................................................................................62Chapter 6Home Networking...............................................................................................................................696.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................696.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ............................................................................................696.1.2 What You Need To Know .........................................................................................................696.2 The LAN Setup Screen .....................................................................................................................716.3 The Static DHCP Screen ...................................................................................................................72 Table of ContentsB222s Users Guide76.3.1 Before You Begin .....................................................................................................................726.4 The UPnP Screen .............................................................................................................................73Chapter 7Routing................................................................................................................................................757.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................757.2 Configuring Static Route ...................................................................................................................767.2.1 Add/Edit Static Route .............................................................................................................77Chapter 8DNS Route...........................................................................................................................................798.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................798.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ............................................................................................798.2 The DNS Route Screen ....................................................................................................................808.2.1 Add/Edit DNS Route Edit ........................................................................................................80Chapter 9Quality of Service (QoS).....................................................................................................................839.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................839.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ............................................................................................839.1.2 What You Need to Know ..........................................................................................................839.2 The QoS General Screen .................................................................................................................849.3 The Queue Setup Screen .................................................................................................................869.3.1 Add/Edit a QoS Queue ...........................................................................................................879.4 The Class Setup Screen .................................................................................................................879.4.1 Add/Edit QoS Class ................................................................................................................899.5 The QoS Monitor Screen .................................................................................................................929.6 QoS Technical Reference .................................................................................................................929.6.1 IEEE 802.1p ............................................................................................................................939.6.2 IP Precedence .........................................................................................................................939.6.3 DiffServ ....................................................................................................................................93Chapter 10Network Address Translation (NAT)..................................................................................................9510.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................................9510.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ..........................................................................................9510.1.2 What You Need To Know .......................................................................................................9510.2 The Port Forwarding Screen ..........................................................................................................9610.2.1 The Port Forwarding Screen .................................................................................................9710.2.2 The Port Forwarding Edit Screen ..........................................................................................9810.3 The DMZ Screen .............................................................................................................................9910.4 The Sessions Screen ......................................................................................................................9910.5 Technical Reference ......................................................................................................................100 Table of ContentsB222s Users Guide810.5.1 NAT Definitions ....................................................................................................................10010.5.2 What NAT Does ...................................................................................................................10110.5.3 How NAT Works ..................................................................................................................101Chapter 11Dynamic DNS....................................................................................................................................10311.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................10311.1.1 What You Need To Know .....................................................................................................10311.2 The Dynamic DNS Screen ............................................................................................................104Chapter 12Firewall..............................................................................................................................................10512.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................10512.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................10512.1.2 What You Need to Know ......................................................................................................10612.2 The General Screen .....................................................................................................................10712.3 The Services Screen .....................................................................................................................10812.3.1 The Add New Services Entry Screen ..................................................................................10812.4 The Access Control Screen ..........................................................................................................10912.4.1 The Add New ACL Rule/Edit Screen ...................................................................................11012.5 The DoS Screen ............................................................................................................................11112.6 Firewall Technical Reference ........................................................................................................11212.6.1 Guidelines For Enhancing Security With Your Firewall .......................................................11212.6.2 Security Considerations .......................................................................................................112Chapter 13MAC Filter..........................................................................................................................................11513.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................11513.1.1 What You Need to Know ......................................................................................................11513.2 The MAC Filter Screen ..................................................................................................................115Chapter 14Parental Control................................................................................................................................11714.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................11714.2 The Parental Control Screen .........................................................................................................11714.2.1 Add/Edit a Parental Control Rule .........................................................................................118Chapter 15VoIP....................................................................................................................................................12115.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................12115.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................12115.1.2 What You Need to Know ......................................................................................................12115.1.3 Before You Begin .................................................................................................................123 Table of ContentsB222s Users Guide915.2 The SIP Service Provider Screen ................................................................................................12315.3 The SIP Account Screen ...............................................................................................................12915.3.1 Add/Edit SIP Account ..........................................................................................................13015.4 Multiple SIP Accounts ...................................................................................................................13215.5 Phone Screen ..............................................................................................................................13315.5.1 Edit Phone Device ...............................................................................................................13315.6 The Phone Region Screen ............................................................................................................13415.7 The Call Rule Screen ....................................................................................................................13415.8 Technical Reference ......................................................................................................................13615.8.1 VoIP .....................................................................................................................................13615.8.2 SIP ......................................................................................................................................13615.8.3 Quality of Service (QoS) ......................................................................................................14015.8.4 Phone Services Overview ...................................................................................................141Chapter 16Logs ..................................................................................................................................................14516.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................14516.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................14516.1.2 What You Need To Know .....................................................................................................14516.2 The System Log Screen ................................................................................................................14616.3 The Phone Log Screen .................................................................................................................14716.4 The VoIP Call History Screen ........................................................................................................147Chapter 17Traffic Status.....................................................................................................................................14917.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................14917.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................14917.2 The WAN Status Screen ...............................................................................................................14917.3 The LAN Status Screen .................................................................................................................15017.4 The NAT Status Screen .................................................................................................................15117.5 The VoIP Status Screen ................................................................................................................152Chapter 18User Account....................................................................................................................................15518.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................15518.2 The User Account Screen .............................................................................................................155Chapter 19Remote MGMT...................................................................................................................................15719.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................15719.1.1 What You Need to Know ......................................................................................................15719.2 The Remote MGMT Screen ..........................................................................................................157 Table of ContentsB222s Users Guide10Chapter 20System...............................................................................................................................................15920.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................15920.1.1 What You Need to Know ......................................................................................................15920.2 The System Screen .......................................................................................................................159Chapter 21Time Setting......................................................................................................................................16121.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................16121.2 The Time Setting Screen .............................................................................................................161Chapter 22Log Setting .......................................................................................................................................16322.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................16322.2 The Log Setting Screen ................................................................................................................163Chapter 23Firmware Upgrade............................................................................................................................16523.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................16523.2 The Firmware Upgrade Screen .....................................................................................................165Chapter 24Backup/Restore................................................................................................................................16724.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................16724.2 The Backup/Restore Screen .........................................................................................................16724.3 The Reboot Screen .......................................................................................................................169Chapter 25Diagnostic.........................................................................................................................................17125.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................17125.2 The Ping/TraceRoute Screen ........................................................................................................171Chapter 26Troubleshooting................................................................................................................................17326.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................17326.2 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs ....................................................................................17326.3 LTE Device Access and Login ......................................................................................................17426.4 Internet Access .............................................................................................................................17526.5 Wireless Internet Access ...............................................................................................................17626.6 Phone Calls and VoIP ...................................................................................................................17726.7 UPnP .............................................................................................................................................178Appendix A IP Addresses and Subnetting.......................................................................................179 Table of ContentsB222s Users Guide11Appendix B Setting Up Your Computers IP Address......................................................................189Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java Permissions...................................................219Appendix D Wireless LANs..............................................................................................................229Appendix E Common Services........................................................................................................249Appendix F Legal Information..........................................................................................................253Index..................................................................................................................................................255 Table of ContentsB222s Users Guide12 13PART IUsers Guide 14 B222s Users Guide15CHAPTER 1Introduction1.1 OverviewThe Device is an LTE (Long Term Evolution) device including an outdoor unit (ODU) and an indoor unit (IDU). The LTE Device supports Voice over IP (VoIP) communication capabilities to allow you to use a traditional analog telephone to make Internet calls. The LTE Device also provides a complete security solution with a robust firewall based on Stateful Packet Inspection (SPI) technology and Denial of Service (DoS).See the chapter on product specifications for a full list of features.1.2 Applications for the LTE DeviceHere are some example uses for which the LTE Device is well suited.1.2.1 Internet AccessYour LTE Device provides Internet access by connecting to an LTE network wirelessly.Computers can connect to the LTE Devices ETHERNET ports (or wirelessly).Figure 1 LTE Devices Internet Access ApplicationLANWANLTE Chapter 1IntroductionB222s Users Guide161.2.2 VoIP FeaturesYou can register 1 SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) profile (2 accounts for that profile) and use the LTE Device to make and receive VoIP telephone calls:Figure 2 LTE Devices VoIP ApplicationThe LTE Device sends your call to a VoIP service providers SIP server which forwards your calls to either VoIP or PSTN phones.1.2.3 Wireless ConnectionBy default, the wireless LAN (WLAN) is enabled on the LTE Device. Once Wireless is enabled, IEEE 802.11b/g/n compliant clients can wirelessly connect to the LTE Device to access network resources. You can set up a wireless network with WPS (WiFi Protected Setup) or manually add a client to your wireless network.Figure 3 Wireless Connection Application 1.3 The WLAN ButtonYou can use the WIRELESS On/Off button on top of the device to turn the wireless LAN on or off. You can also use it to activate WPS in order to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security.PSTNLANWLANWAN Chapter 1IntroductionB222s Users Guide17Turn the Wireless LAN On or Off1Make sure the PWR/SYS LED is on (not blinking).2Press the WIRELESS On/Off button for one second and release it. The WLAN/WPS LED should change from on to off or vice versa. Activate WPS1Make sure the PWR/SYS LED is on (not blinking).2Press the WIRELESS On/Off button for more than five seconds and release it. Press the WPS button on another WPS -enabled device within range of the LTE Device. The WLAN/WPS LED should flash while the LTE Device sets up a WPS connection with the wireless device. Note: You must activate WPS in the LTE Device and in another wireless device within two minutes of each other. See Chapter 5 on page 62 for more information. Chapter 1IntroductionB222s Users Guide181.4 Ways to Manage the LTE DeviceWeb Configurator. This is for management of the LTE Device using a (supported) web browser.1.5 Good Habits for Managing the LTE DeviceDo the following things regularly to make the LTE Device more secure and to manage the LTE Device more effectively.Change the password. Use a password thats not easy to guess and that consists of different types of characters, such as numbers and letters.Write down the password and put it in a safe place.Back up the configuration (and make sure you know how to restore it). Restoring an earlier working configuration may be useful if the device becomes unstable or even crashes. If you forget your password to access the Web Configurator, you will have to reset the LTE Device to its factory default settings. If you backed up an earlier configuration file, you would not have to totally re-configure the LTE Device. You could simply restore your last configuration. Keep in mind that backing up a configuration file will not back up passwords used to set up PPPoE and VoIP. Write down any information your ISP provides you.1.6 LEDs (Lights)The following graphic displays the labels of the LEDs.Figure 4 LEDs on the Top of the DeviceFigure 5 LEDs on the Ethernet PortsNone of the LEDs are on if the LTE Device is not receiving power.Table 1 LED Descriptions (From Left To Right)LEDCOLORSTATUSDESCRIPTIONPWR/SYSGreenOnThe LTE Device is receiving power and ready for use.BlinkingThe LTE Device is booting up.Red OnThe LTE Device detected an error while self-testing, or there is a device malfunction.BlinkingThe LTE Device is upgrading the firmware.OffThe LTE Device is not receiving power. Chapter 1IntroductionB222s Users Guide19Refer to the Quick Start Guide for information on hardware connections. LINKGreenOnThe LTE Device has an LTE connection on the WAN.BlinkingThe LTE Device is searching for a frequency channel or is performing network entry.OffThe LTE Device does not have an LTE connection on the WAN.LTEThe LTE LEDs display the Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) of the LTE connection. Three signals on at the same time means best signal quality, two means medium signal quality, and one means low signal quality.No Signal LEDSThere is no LTE connection.GreenSignal 1 OnThe signal strength is less than -90 dBm if signal 1 is on only.Signal 2 OnThe signal strength is between -90 dBm and -70 dBm if both signals 1 and 2 are on.Signal 3 OnThe signal strength is -70 dBm or greater if three signals are all on.WLAN/WPSGreenOnThe wireless network is activated and is operating in IEEE 802.11 b, g or n mode.BlinkingThe LTE Device is communicating with other wireless clients.OrangeBlinkingThe LTE Device is setting up a WPS connection.OffThe wireless network is not activated.PHONEGreenOnA SIP account is registered for the phone port.BlinkingA telephone connected to the phone port has its receiver off of the hook or there is an incoming call.OrangeOnA SIP account is registered for the phone port and there is a voice message in the corresponding SIP account.BlinkingA telephone connected to the phone port has its receiver off of the hook and there is a voice message in the corresponding SIP account.OffThe phone port does not have a SIP account registered.ETHERNET1-2Yellow (Giga Ethernet)OnThe LTE Device has a successful 1000 Mbps Ethernet connection with a device on the Local Area Network (LAN). BlinkingThe LTE Device is sending or receiving data to/from the LAN at 1000 Mbps.Green (Fast Ethernet)OnThe LTE Device has a successful 10/100 Mbps Ethernet connection with a device on the Local Area Network (LAN).BlinkingThe LTE Device is sending or receiving data to/from the LAN at 10/100 Mbps.OffThe LTE Device does not have an Ethernet connection with the LAN.Table 1 LED Descriptions (From Left To Right) (continued)LEDCOLORSTATUSDESCRIPTION Chapter 1IntroductionB222s Users Guide201.7 The RESET ButtonIf you forget your password or cannot access the web configurator, you will need to use the RESET button at the back of the device to reload the factory-default configuration file. This means that you will lose all configurations that you had previously and the passwords will be reset to the defaults. 1Make sure the POWER LED is on (not blinking).2To set the device back to the factory default settings, press the RESET button for 5 seconds or until the POWER LED begins to blink and then release it. When the POWER LED begins to blink, the defaults have been restored and the device restarts. B222s Users Guide21CHAPTER 2Introducing the Web Configurator2.1 OverviewThe web configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy device setup and management via Internet browser. Use Internet Explorer 6.0 and later versions, Mozilla Firefox 3 and later versions, or Safari 2.0 and later versions. The recommended screen resolution is 1024 by 768 pixels.In order to use the web configurator you need to allow:Web browser pop-up windows from your device. Web pop-up blocking is enabled by default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2.JavaScript (enabled by default).Java permissions (enabled by default).See Appendix C on page 219 if you need to make sure these functions are allowed in Internet Explorer.2.1.1 Accessing the Web Configurator1Make sure your LTE Device hardware is properly connected (refer to the Quick Start Guide).2Launch your web browser.3Type "192.168.1.1" as the URL.4A password screen displays. Type admin as the default Username and 1234 as the default password to access the devices Web Configurator. Click Login. If you have changed the password, enter your password and click Login.Figure 6 Password ScreenNote: For security reasons, the LTE Device automatically logs you out if you do not use the web configurator for five minutes (default). If this happens, log in again. Chapter 2Introducing the Web ConfiguratorB222s Users Guide225The following screen displays if you have not yet changed your password. It is strongly recommended you change the default password. Enter a new password, retype it to confirm and click Apply; alternatively click Skip to proceed to the main menu if you do not want to change the password now.Figure 7 Change Password Screen6The Connection Status screen appears. Figure 8 Connection Status 7Click System Info to display the System Info screen, where you can view the LTE Devices interface and system information. Chapter 2Introducing the Web ConfiguratorB222s Users Guide232.2 The Web Configurator LayoutClick Connection Status > System Info to show the following screen. (See Section 3.3 on page 31 for more information.)Figure 9 Web Configurator LayoutAs illustrated above, the main screen is divided into these parts:A - title barB - main window C - navigation panel2.2.1 Title BarThe title bar shows the following icon in the upper right corner.Click this icon to log out of the web configurator.BCAab Chapter 2Introducing the Web ConfiguratorB222s Users Guide242.2.2 Main WindowThe main window displays information and configuration fields. It is discussed in the rest of this document.After you click System Info on the Connection Status screen, the System Info screen is displayed. See Chapter 3 on page 31 for more information about the System Info screen.If you click LAN Device on the System Info screen (a in Figure 9 on page 23), the Connection Status screen appears. See Chapter 3 on page 29 for more information about the Connection Status screen.If you click Virtual Device on the System Info screen (b in Figure 9 on page 23), a visual graphic appears, showing the connection status of the LTE Devices ports. The connected ports are in color and disconnected ports are gray.Figure 10 Virtual Device2.2.3 Traffic StatusUse the Maintenance > Traffic Status screens to look at network traffic status and statistics of the WAN, LAN interfaces and NAT. See Chapter 20 on page 159 for more information.2.2.4 User AccountUse the Maintenance > User Accounts screen to configure system password for different user accounts. See Chapter 18 on page 155 for more information.2.2.5 Navigation PanelUse the menu items on the navigation panel to open screens to configure LTE Device features. The following table describes each menu item.Table 2 Navigation Panel SummaryLINKTABFUNCTIONConnection StatusThis screen shows the network status of the LTE Device and computers/devices connected to it.Network Setting Chapter 2Introducing the Web ConfiguratorB222s Users Guide25BroadbandBroadbandUse this screen to view and modify your WAN interface. You can also configure ISP parameters, WAN IP address assignment, DNS servers and other advanced properties.WirelessGeneralUse this screen to turn the wireless connection on or off, specify the SSID(s) and configure the wireless LAN settings and WLAN authentication/security settings.More APUse this screen to configure multiple BSSs on the LTE Device.WPSUse this screen to use WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup) to establish a wireless connection.WMMUse this screen to enable or disable Wi-Fi MultiMedia (WMM).SchedulingUse this screen to configure when the LTE Device enables or disables the wireless LAN.Home NetworkingLAN SetupUse this screen to configure LAN TCP/IP settings, and other advanced properties.Static DHCP Use this screen to assign specific IP addresses to individual MAC addresses.UPnPUse this screen to enable the UPnP function.Static RouteStatic RouteUse this screen to view and set up static routes on the LTE Device.DNS RouteDNS RouteUse this screen to view and configure DNS routes.QoSGeneralUse this screen to enable QoS and decide allowable bandwidth using QoS.Queue SetupUse this screen to configure QoS queue assignment.Class SetupUse this screen to set up classifiers to sort traffic into different flows and assign priority and define actions to be performed for a classified traffic flow.MonitorUse this screen to view each queues statistics.NATPort ForwardingUse this screen to make your local servers visible to the outside world.DMZUse this screen to configure the IP address of the LTE Devices DMZ interface.SessionsUse this screen to limit the number of NAT sessions a single client can establish.Dynamic DNSDynamic DNSUse this screen to allow a static hostname alias for a dynamic IP address.SecurityFirewall GeneralUse this screen to activate/deactivate the firewall. ServicesUse this screen to view and configure services. Access ControlUse this screen to view and configure filter rules for incoming and outgoing traffic. DoSUse this screen to activate/deactivate Denial of Service (DoS) protection. MAC FilterMAC FilterUse this screen to allow specific devices to access the LTE Device. Parental ControlParental ControlUse this screen to define time periods and days during which the LTE Device performs parental control and/or block web sites with the specific URL.VoIPTable 2 Navigation Panel Summary (continued)LINKTABFUNCTION Chapter 2Introducing the Web ConfiguratorB222s Users Guide26SIPSIP Service Provider Use this screen to configure your LTE Devices Voice over IP settings.SIP AccountUse this screen to set up information about your SIP account and configure audio settings such as volume levels for the phones connected to the LTE Device.PhonePhone DeviceUse this screen to set which phone ports use which SIP accounts.RegionUse this screen to select your location.Call RuleSpeed DialUse this screen to configure speed dial for SIP phone numbers that you call often.System MonitorLogSystem LogUse this screen to view the system logs for the categories that you select.Phone LogUse this screen to view the LTE Devices phone logs.VoIP Call HistoryUse this screen to view the LTE Devices VoIP call history.Traffic StatusWANUse this screen to view the status of all network traffic going through the WAN port of the LTE Device.LANUse this screen to view the status of all network traffic going through the LAN ports of the LTE Device.NATUse this screen to view the status of NAT sessions on the LTE Device. VoIP StatusVoIP StatusUse this screen to view the SIP, phone, and call status of the LTE Device.MaintenanceUsers AccountUsers AccountUse this screen to configure the passwords your user accounts.Remote MGMTRemote MGMTUse this screen to enable specific traffic directions for network services.SystemSystemUse this screen to configure the LTE Devices name, domain name, management inactivity time-out.Time SettingTime SettingUse this screen to change your LTE Devices time and date.Log SettingLog SettingUse this screen to select which logs and/or immediate alerts your device is to record. You can also set it to e-mail the logs to you.Firmware UpgradeFirmware UpgradeUse this screen to upload firmware to your device.Backup/RestoreBackup/RestoreUse this screen to backup and restore your devices configuration (settings) or reset the factory default settings.RebootRebootUse this screen to reboot the LTE Device without turning the power off.DiagnosticPing/TraceRouteUse this screen to test the connections to other devices. Auto ProvisionAuto ProvisionUse this screen to configure auto provision which automatically updates the latest firmware and configuration to the LTE Device.Table 2 Navigation Panel Summary (continued)LINKTABFUNCTION 27PART IITechnical ReferenceThe appendices provide general information. Some details may not apply to your LTE Device. 28 B222s Users Guide29CHAPTER 3Connection Status and System Info3.1 OverviewAfter you log into the web configurator, the Connection Status screen appears. This shows the network connection status of the LTE Device and clients connected to it.Use the System Info screen to look at the current status of the device, system resources, interfaces (LAN, WAN and WLAN), and SIP accounts. You can also register and unregister SIP accounts. If you click Virtual Device on the System Info screen, a visual graphic appears, showing the connection status of the LTE Devices ports. See Section 2.2.2 on page 24 for more information.3.2 The Connection Status ScreenUse this screen to view the network connection status of the device and its clients. A warning message appears if there is a connection problem. Chapter 3Connection Status and System InfoB222s Users Guide30If you prefer to view the status in a list, click List View in the Viewing mode selection box. You can configure how often you want the LTE Device to update this screen in Refresh Interval.Figure 11 Connection Status: Icon View Figure 12 Connection Status: List ViewIn Icon View, if you want to view information about a client, click the clients name and Info. Click the IP address if you want to change it. If you want to change the name or icon of the client, click Change name/icon. In List View, you can also view the clients information. Chapter 3Connection Status and System InfoB222s Users Guide313.3 The System Info ScreenClick Connection Status > System Info to open this screen. Figure 13 System Info Screen Each field is described in the following table.Table 3 System Info ScreenLABELDESCRIPTIONLanguageSelect the web configurator language from the drop-down list box.Refresh IntervalSelect how often you want the LTE Device to update this screen from the drop-down list box.Device InformationHost NameThis field displays the LTE Device system name. It is used for identification. You can change this in the Maintenance > System screens Host Name field.Model Name This is the model name of your device.MAC AddressThis is the MAC (Media Access Control) or Ethernet address unique to your LTE Device. Chapter 3Connection Status and System InfoB222s Users Guide32Firmware VersionThis field displays the current version of the firmware inside the device. It also shows the date the firmware version was created. Go to the Maintenance > Firmware Upgrade screen to change it.WAN InformationModeThis is the method of encapsulation used by your ISP.IP AddressThis field displays the current IP address of the LTE Device in the WAN. LAN InformationIP AddressThis field displays the current IP address of the LTE Device in the LAN. IP Subnet MaskThis field displays the current subnet mask in the LAN.DHCP ServerThis field displays what DHCP services the LTE Device is providing to the LAN. Choices are:Server - The LTE Device is a DHCP server in the LAN. It assigns IP addresses to other computers in the LAN.None - The LTE Device is not providing any DHCP services to the LAN.WLAN InformationChannelThis is the channel number used by the LTE Device now.WPS StatusConfigured displays when a wireless client has connected to the LTE Device or WPS is enabled and wireless or wireless security settings have been configured. Unconfigured displays if WPS is disabled or wireless security settings have not been configured. SSID (1~4) InformationSSIDThis is the descriptive name used to identify the LTE Device in the wireless LAN. StatusThis shows whether or not the SSID is enabled (on).Security ModeThis displays the type of security the LTE Device is using in the wireless LAN.LTE StatusStatusThis displays 4G LTE if there is an LTE connection, otherwise, it displays N/A.Signal StrengthThis displays the strength of the LTE connection that the LTE Device has with the base station which is also known as eNodeB or eNB.Service ProviderThis displays the service providers name of the connected LTE network.Frequency BandThis displays LTE if there is an LTE connection.Connection UptimeThis displays how long the LTE connection has been available since it was last established successfully.ODU F/W VersionThis displays the firmware version of the outdoor unit.Module F/W VersionThis displays the firmware version of LTE module.IMEIThis displays the LTE Devices International Mobile Equipment Identity number (IMEI). An IMEI is a unique ID used to identify a mobile device.IMSIThis displays the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) of the SIM card inserted in the outdoor unit. An IMSI is a unique ID used to identify a mobile subscriber in a mobile network.Interface StatusInterfaceThis column displays each interface the LTE Device has.Table 3 System Info Screen (continued)LABELDESCRIPTION Chapter 3Connection Status and System InfoB222s Users Guide33StatusThis field indicates whether or not the LTE Device is using the interface.For the LTE WAN interface, this field displays Up when the LTE Device is connected to an LTE network and Down when the LTE Device does not have an LTE connection.For the LAN interface, this field displays Up when the LTE Device is using the interface and Down when the LTE Device is not using the interface.For the WLAN interface, it displays Up when WLAN is enabled or Down when WLAN is disabled.RateFor the LTE WAN interface, this displays 4G LTE if there is an LTE connection.For the LAN interface, this displays the port speed and duplex setting.For the WLAN interface, it displays the maximum transmission rate when WLAN is enabled or N/A when WLAN is disabled.System StatusSystem Up TimeThis field displays how long the LTE Device has been running since it last started up. The LTE Device starts up when you plug it in, when you restart it (Maintenance > Reboot), or when you reset it (see Section 1.7 on page 20).Current Date/TimeThis field displays the current date and time in the LTE Device. You can change this in Maintenance > Time Setting.System ResourceCPU UsageThis field displays what percentage of the LTE Devices processing ability is currently used. When this percentage is close to 100%, the LTE Device is running at full load, and the throughput is not going to improve anymore. If you want some applications to have more throughput, you should turn off other applications.Memory UsageThis field displays what percentage of the LTE Devices memory is currently used. Usually, this percentage should not increase much. If memory usage does get close to 100%, the LTE Device is probably becoming unstable, and you should restart the device. See Chapter 24 on page 169, or turn off the device (unplug the power) for a few seconds.Registration StatusAccountThis column displays each SIP account in the LTE Device.ActionThis field displays the current registration status of the SIP account. You have to register SIP accounts with a SIP server to use VoIP.If the SIP account is already registered with the SIP server,Click Unregister to delete the SIP accounts registration in the SIP server. This does not cancel your SIP account, but it deletes the mapping between your SIP identity and your IP address or domain name.The second field displays Registered.If the SIP account is not registered with the SIP server,Click Register to have the LTE Device attempt to register the SIP account with the SIP server.The second field displays the reason the account is not registered.Inactive - The SIP account is not active. You can activate it in VoIP > SIP > SIP Settings.Register Fail - The last time the LTE Device tried to register the SIP account with the SIP server, the attempt failed. The LTE Device automatically tries to register the SIP account when you turn on the LTE Device or when you activate it.Table 3 System Info Screen (continued)LABELDESCRIPTION Chapter 3Connection Status and System InfoB222s Users Guide34Account StatusThis shows Active when the SIP account has been registered and ready for use or In-Active when the SIP account is not yet registered.URIThis field displays the account number and service domain of the SIP account. You can change these in VoIP > SIP > SIP Settings.Table 3 System Info Screen (continued)LABELDESCRIPTION B222s Users Guide35CHAPTER 4Broadband4.1 OverviewThis chapter discusses the LTE Devices Broadband screens. Use these screens to configure your LTE Device for Internet access.A WAN (Wide Area Network) connection is an outside connection to another network or the Internet. It connects your private networks, such as a LAN (Local Area Network) and other networks, so that a computer in one location can communicate with computers in other locations.This LTE Device supports LTE connection for the WAN only.Figure 14 LAN and WAN4.1.1 What You Can Do in this ChapterUse the Broadband screen to view, remove or add an LTE WAN interface. You can also configure the WAN settings on the LTE Device for Internet access (Section 4.2 on page 38).4.1.2 What You Need to KnowThe following terms and concepts may help as you read this chapter.Encapsulation MethodEncapsulation is used to include data from an upper layer protocol into a lower layer protocol. To set up a WAN connection to the Internet, you need to use the same encapsulation method used by your ISP (Internet Service Provider).WANLAN Chapter 4BroadbandB222s Users Guide36WAN IP AddressThe WAN IP address is an IP address for the LTE Device, which makes it accessible from an outside network. It is used by the LTE Device to communicate with other devices in other networks. It can be static (fixed) or dynamically assigned by the ISP each time the LTE Device tries to access the Internet.If your ISP assigns you a static WAN IP address, they should also assign you the subnet mask and DNS server IP address(es).APNAccess Point Name (APN) is a unique string which indicates an LTE network. An APN is required for LTE stations to enter the LTE network and then the Internet.CAPWAPThe LTE Device supports CAPWAP. This is ZyXELs implementation of the CAPWAP protocol (RFC 5415). The CAPWAP dataflow is protected by Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS).The following figure illustrates a CAPWAP wireless network. You (U) configure the AP controller (C), which then automatically updates the configurations of the managed APs (M1 ~ M4). Figure 15 CAPWAP Network ExampleNote: The LTE Device can be a standalone AP (default), a CAPWAP managed AP, or a CAPWAP AP controller.CAPWAP Discovery and ManagementThe link between CAPWAP-enabled access points proceeds as follows:1An AP in managed AP mode joins a wired network (receives a dynamic IP address).UCM1M2M3M4DHCP SERVER Chapter 4BroadbandB222s Users Guide372The AP sends out a discovery request, looking for an AP in CAPWAP AP controller mode.3If there is an AP controller on the network, it receives the discovery request. If the AP controller is in Manual mode it adds the details of the AP to its Unmanaged Access Points list, and you decide which available APs to manage. If the AP is in Always Accept mode, it automatically adds the AP to its Managed Access Points list and provides the managed AP with default configuration information, as well as securely transmitting the DTLS pre-shared key. The managed AP is ready for association with wireless clients.Managed AP Finds the ControllerA managed LTE Device can find the controller in one of the following ways:Manually specify the controllers IP address using the commands. See the LTE Device CLI Reference Guide for details.Get the controllers IP address from a DHCP server with the controllers IP address configured as option 138.Broadcasting to discover the controller within the broadcast domain.The AP controller must have a static IP address; it cannot be a DHCP client.CAPWAP and IP SubnetsBy default, CAPWAP works only between devices with IP addresses in the same subnet (see the appendices for information on IP addresses and subnetting). However, you can configure CAPWAP to operate between devices with IP addresses in different subnets by doing the following.Activate DHCP. Your networks DHCP server must support option 138 defined in RFC 5415.Configure DHCP option 138 with the IP address of the CAPWAP AP controller on your network. Chapter 4BroadbandB222s Users Guide38DHCP Option 138 allows the CAPWAP management request (from the AP in managed AP mode) to reach the AP controller in a different subnet, as shown in the following figure.Figure 16 CAPWAP and DHCP Option 138Notes on CAPWAPThis section lists some additional features of ZyXELs implementation of the CAPWAP protocol.When the AP controller uses its internal Remote Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS) server, managed APs also use the AP controllers authentication server to authenticate wireless clients.If a managed APs link to the AP controller is broken, the managed AP continues to use the wireless settings with which it was last provided.4.1.3 Before You BeginYou may need to know your Internet access settings such as LTE APN, WAN IP address and SIM cards PIN code if the INTERNET light on your LTE Device is off. Get this information from your service provider.4.2 The Broadband ScreenThe LTE Device must have a WAN interface to allow users to use the LTE connection to access the Internet. Use the Broadband screen to view or modify a WAN interface. You can also configure the LTE Device as part of a Control And Provisioning of Wireless Access Points (CAPWAP) network in this screen.SUBNET 1SUBNET 2APCONTROLLERMANAGEDAPDHCPSERVER+ OPTION 138CAPWAPTRAFFIC(STATIC IP) Chapter 4BroadbandB222s Users Guide39Click Network Setting > Broadband. The following screen opens.Figure 17 Network Setting > BroadbandThe following table describes the fields in this screen.4.2.1 Add/Edit Internet ConnectionUse this screen to configure a WAN connection. The screen varies depending on the interface type, encapsulation, and WAN service type you select. Table 4 Network Setting > BroadbandLABELDESCRIPTIONCAPWAP SettingCAPWAP EnableSelect this to activate ??CAPWAP AC ServerEnter the IP address of the AC server.??ApplyClick this to save the change in this section.CancelClick this to restore your previously saved settings in this section.Internet SetupNameThis is the service name of the connection.APNThis is the name of the LTE network to which the LTE Device will connect.EncapsulationThis shows the method of encapsulation used by this connection. NATThis shows whether NAT is activated or not for this connection. NAT is not available when the connection uses the bridging service.Default GatewayThis shows whether the LTE Device uses the interface of this connection as the system default gateway.ModifyClick the Edit icon to configure the connection.Click the Delete icon to delete this connection from the Device. A window displays asking you to confirm that you want to delete the connection. Chapter 4BroadbandB222s Users Guide40Click the Add new WAN Interface in the Network Setting > Broadband screen or the Edit icon next to the connection you want to configure, the screen displays as shown next.Figure 18 Broadband Add/EditThe following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 5 Broadband Add/EditLABELDESCRIPTIONNameSpecify the name for this WAN interface.??APNEnter the Access Point Name (APN) of an LTE network, which your service provider gave you.??Dial StringEnter the dial string of your 3G net card.??IPv6/IPv4 ModeSelect IPv4 Only if you just connect this WAN interface to an IPv4 network.Select IPv6/IPv4 Dual Stack if you connect this WAN interface to both an IPv6 and an IPv4 networks.Select IPv6 Only if you just connect this WAN interface to an IPv6 network.??MTUThe Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) defines the size of the largest packet allowed on an interface or connection. Enter the MTU for this WAN interface in this field.NAT EnableSelect this to activate NAT on the WAN.Apply as Default Gateway??6to4 TunnelingSelect this if you need to transmit IPv6 packets over the IPv4 network through this WAN interface, the IPv6 packets are encapsulated inside IPv4 packets.??ApplyClick Apply to save your changes.BackClick Back to return to the previous screen. Chapter 4BroadbandB222s Users Guide414.3 Technical ReferenceThe following section contains additional technical information about the LTE Device features described in this chapter.EncapsulationBe sure to use the encapsulation method required by your ISP. The LTE Device supports the following methods:IP Address AssignmentA static IP is a fixed IP that your ISP gives you. A dynamic IP is not fixed; the ISP assigns you a different one each time. The Single User Account feature can be enabled or disabled if you have either a dynamic or static IP. However the encapsulation method assigned influences your choices for IP address and default gateway.DNS Server Address AssignmentUse Domain Name System (DNS) to map a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice versa, for instance, the IP address of www.zyxel.com is 204.217.0.2. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must know the IP address of a computer before you can access it. The LTE Device can get the DNS server addresses in the following ways.1The ISP tells you the DNS server addresses, usually in the form of an information sheet, when you sign up. If your ISP gives you DNS server addresses, manually enter them in the DNS server fields.2If your ISP dynamically assigns the DNS server IP addresses (along with the LTE Devices WAN IP address), set the DNS server fields to get the DNS server address from the ISP.LTE Frequency Band TableSee the following table for the frequency bands used in LTE wireless technologies.Table 6 LTE Wireless TechnologiesBAND UPLINK (UL) OPERATING BAND BASE STATION RECEIVE CPE TRANSMITDOWNLINK (DL) OPERATING BAND BASE STATION TRANSMIT CPE RECEIVEDUPLEX MODE UL (LOW - HIGH) DL (LOW - HIGH)11920 MHz1980 MHz 2110 MHz 2170 MHzFDD21850 MHz1910 MHz1930 MHz1990 MHzFDD31710 MHz1785 MHz1805 MHz1880 MHzFDD41710 MHz1755 MHz2110 MHz2155 MHzFDD5824 MHz849 MHz869 MHz894MHzFDD6830 MHz840 MHz875 MHz885 MHzFDD72500 MHz2570 MHz2620 MHz2690 MHzFDD Chapter 4BroadbandB222s Users Guide428880 MHz915 MHz925 MHz 960 MHzFDD91749.9 MHz1784.9 MHz1844.9 MHz 1879.9 MHzFDD101710 MHz1770 MHz2110 MHz2170 MHzFDD111427.9 MHz1447.9 MHz1475.9 MHz 1495.9 MHzFDD12699 MHz716 MHz729 MHz746 MHzFDD13777 MHz787 MHz746 MHz756 MHzFDD14788 MHz798 MHz758 MHz768 MHzFDD15ReservedReservedFDD16ReservedReservedFDD17704 MHz716 MHz734 MHz746 MHzFDD18815 MHz830 MHz860 MHz875 MHzFDD19830 MHz845 MHz875 MHz890 MHzFDD20832 MHz862 MHz791 MHz821 MHzFDD211447.9 MHz1462.9 MHz1495.9 MHz1510.9 MHzFDD...241626.5 MHz1660.5 MHz1525 MHz1559 MHzFDD...331900 MHz1920 MHz1900 MHz1920 MHzTDD342010 MHz2025 MHz 2010 MHz2025 MHzTDD351850 MHz1910 MHz1850 MHz1910 MHzTDD361930 MHz1990 MHz1930 MHz1990 MHzTDD371910 MHz1930 MHz1910 MHz1930 MHzTDD382570 MHz2620 MHz2570 MHz2620 MHzTDD391880 MHz1920 MHz1880 MHz1920 MHzTDD402300 MHz2400 MHz2300 MHz2400 MHzTDD412496 MHz2690 MHz2496 MHz2690 MHzTDD423400 MHz3600 MHz3400 MHz3600 MHzTDD433600 MHz3800 MHz3600 MHz3800 MHzTDDNote 1: Band 6 is not applicableTable 6 LTE Wireless TechnologiesBAND UPLINK (UL) OPERATING BAND BASE STATION RECEIVE CPE TRANSMITDOWNLINK (DL) OPERATING BAND BASE STATION TRANSMIT CPE RECEIVEDUPLEX MODE UL (LOW - HIGH) DL (LOW - HIGH) B222s Users Guide43CHAPTER 5Wireless5.1 Overview This chapter describes the LTE Devices Network Setting > Wireless screens. Use these screens to set up your LTE Devices wireless connection.5.1.1 What You Can Do in this ChapterUse the General screen to enable the Wireless LAN, enter the SSID and select the wireless security mode (Section 5.2 on page 45).Use the More AP screen to set up multiple wireless networks on your LTE Device (Section 5.3 on page 51).Use the WPS screen to enable or disable WPS, view or generate a security PIN (Personal Identification Number) (Section 5.4 on page 53).Use the WMM screen to enable Wi-Fi MultiMedia (WMM) to ensure quality of service in wireless networks for multimedia applications (Section 5.5 on page 55). Use the Scheduling screen to schedule a time period for the wireless LAN to operate each day (Section 5.6 on page 57).You dont necessarily need to use all these screens to set up your wireless connection. For example, you may just want to set up a network name, a wireless radio channel and some security in the General screen.5.1.2 Wireless Network OverviewWireless networks consist of wireless clients, access points and bridges. A wireless client is a radio connected to a users computer. An access point is a radio with a wired connection to a network, which can connect with numerous wireless clients and let them access the network. A bridge is a radio that relays communications between access points and wireless clients, extending a networks range. Traditionally, a wireless network operates in one of two ways.An infrastructure type of network has one or more access points and one or more wireless clients. The wireless clients connect to the access points.An ad-hoc type of network is one in which there is no access point. Wireless clients connect to one another in order to exchange information. Chapter 5WirelessB222s Users Guide44The following figure provides an example of a wireless network.Figure 19 Example of a Wireless NetworkThe wireless network is the part in the blue circle. In this wireless network, devices A and B use the access point (AP) to interact with the other devices (such as the printer) or with the Internet. Your LTE Device is the AP.Every wireless network must follow these basic guidelines.Every device in the same wireless network must use the same SSID.The SSID is the name of the wireless network. It stands for Service Set IDentifier.If two wireless networks overlap, they should use a different channel.Like radio stations or television channels, each wireless network uses a specific channel, or frequency, to send and receive information.Every device in the same wireless network must use security compatible with the AP.Security stops unauthorized devices from using the wireless network. It can also protect the information that is sent in the wireless network.Radio ChannelsIn the radio spectrum, there are certain frequency bands allocated for unlicensed, civilian use. For the purposes of wireless networking, these bands are divided into numerous channels. This allows a variety of networks to exist in the same place without interfering with one another. When you create a network, you must select a channel to use. Since the available unlicensed spectrum varies from one country to another, the number of available channels also varies. A channel is the radio frequency(ies) used by wireless devices to transmit and receive data.Channels available depend on your geographical area. You may have a choice of channels (for yourregion) so you should use a channel different from an adjacent AP (access point) to reduce Chapter 5WirelessB222s Users Guide45interference. Interference occurs when radio signals from different access points overlap causinginterference and degrading performance.Adjacent channels partially overlap however. To avoid interference due to overlap, your AP shouldbe on a channel at least five channels away from a channel that an adjacent AP is using. Forexample, if your region has 11 channels and an adjacent AP is using channel 1, then you need toselect a channel between 6 or 11.5.1.3 Before You BeginBefore you start using these screens, ask yourself the following questions. See Section 5.7 on page 57 if some of the terms used here do not make sense to you.What wireless standards do the other wireless devices support (IEEE 802.11g, for example)? What is the most appropriate standard to use?What security options do the other wireless devices support (WPA-PSK, for example)? What is the best one to use?Do the other wireless devices support WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup)? If so, you can set up a well-secured network very easily. Even if some of your devices support WPS and some do not, you can use WPS to set up your network and then add the non-WPS devices manually, although this is somewhat more complicated to do.What advanced options do you want to configure, if any? If you want to configure advanced options, ensure that you know precisely what you want to do. If you do not want to configure advanced options, leave them alone.5.2 The Wireless General Screen Use this screen to enable the Wireless LAN, enter the SSID and select the wireless security mode.Note: If you are configuring the LTE Device from a computer connected to the wireless LAN and you change the LTE Devices SSID or security settings, you will lose your wireless connection when you press Apply to confirm. You must then change the wireless settings of your computer to match the LTE Devices new settings. Chapter 5WirelessB222s Users Guide46Click Network Setting > Wireless to open the General screen. Select the Enable Wireless LAN checkbox to show the Wireless configurations.Figure 20 Network Setting > Wireless > General The following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 7 Network > Wireless LAN > GeneralLABELDESCRIPTIONWireless Network SetupWirelessSelect the Enable Wireless LAN check box to activate the wireless LAN.Wireless Network SettingsWireless Network Name (SSID)The SSID (Service Set IDentity) identifies the service set with which a wireless device is associated. Wireless devices associating to the access point (AP) must have the same SSID. Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 English keyboard characters) for the wireless LAN. Hide SSIDSelect this check box to hide the SSID in the outgoing beacon frame so a station cannot obtain the SSID through scanning using a site survey tool.BSSIDThis shows the MAC address of the wireless interface on the LTE Device when wireless LAN is enabled.Mode SelectThis makes sure that only compliant WLAN devices can associate with the LTE Device.Select 802.11b/g/n to allow IEEE802.11b, IEEE802.11g and IEEE802.11n compliant WLAN devices to associate with the LTE Device. The transmission rate of your LTE Device might be reduced.Select 802.11b/g to allow both IEEE802.11b and IEEE802.11g compliant WLAN devices to associate with the LTE Device. The transmission rate of your LTE Device might be reduced.Select 802.11g Only to allow only IEEE 802.11g compliant WLAN devices to associate with the LTE Device. Select 802.11n only in 2.4G band to allow only IEEE 802.11n compliant WLAN devices with the same frequency range (2.4 GHz) to associate with the LTE Device. Chapter 5WirelessB222s Users Guide475.2.1 No SecuritySelect No Security to allow wireless stations to communicate with the access points without any data encryption or authentication.Note: If you do not enable any wireless security on your LTE Device, your network is accessible to any wireless networking device that is within range.Figure 21 Wireless > General: No SecurityThe following table describes the labels in this screen.5.2.2 Basic (Static WEP/Shared WEP Encryption)WEP encryption scrambles the data transmitted between the wireless stations and the access points (AP) to keep network communications private. Both the wireless stations and the access points must use the same WEP key.Channel SelectionSet the channel depending on your particular region.Select a channel or use Auto to have the LTE Device automatically determine a channel to use. If you are having problems with wireless interference, changing the channel may help. Try to use a channel that is as many channels away from any channels used by neighboring APs as possible. The channel number which the LTE Device is currently using then displays in the Operating Channel field.Operating ChannelThis is the channel currently being used by your AP.Security LevelSecurity ModeSelect Basic or More Secure to add security on this wireless network. The wireless clients which want to associate to this network must have same wireless security settings as the LTE Device. When you select to use a security, additional options appears in this screen. Or you can select No Security to allow any client to associate this network without any data encryption or authentication.See the following sections for more details about wireless security modes.ApplyClick Apply to save your changes back to the LTE Device.CancelClick Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.Table 7 Network > Wireless LAN > General (continued)LABELDESCRIPTIONTable 8 Wireless > General: No SecurityLABELDESCRIPTIONSecurity LevelChoose No Security from the sliding bar. Chapter 5WirelessB222s Users Guide48There are two types of WEP authentication namely, Open System (Static WEP) and Shared Key (Shared WEP). Open system is implemented for ease-of-use and when security is not an issue. The wireless station and the AP or peer computer do not share a secret key. Thus the wireless stations can associate with any AP or peer computer and listen to any transmitted data that is not encrypted.Shared key mode involves a shared secret key to authenticate the wireless station to the AP or peer computer. This requires you to enable the wireless LAN security and use same settings on both the wireless station and the AP or peer computer. In order to configure and enable WEP encryption, click Network Settings > Wireless to display the General screen. Select Basic as the security level. Then select Static WEP or Shared WEP from the Security Mode list.Figure 22 Wireless > General: Basic (Static WEP/Shared WEP) The following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 9 Wireless > General: Basic (Static WEP/Shared WEP)LABELDESCRIPTIONSecurity ModeChoose Static WEP or Shared WEP from the drop-down list box.Select Static WEP to have the LTE Device allow association with wireless clients that use Open System mode. Data transfer is encrypted as long as the wireless client has the correct WEP key for encryption. The LTE Device authenticates wireless clients using Shared Key mode that have the correct WEP key.Select Shared WEP to have the LTE Device authenticate only those wireless clients that use Shared Key mode and have the correct WEP key. WEP KeyEnter a WEP key that will be used to encrypt data. Both the LTE Device and the wireless stations must use the same WEP key for data transmission.If you want to manually set the WEP key, enter any 5 or 13 characters (ASCII string) or 10 or 26 hexadecimal characters ("0-9", "A-F") for a 64-bit or 128-bit WEP key respectively. Chapter 5WirelessB222s Users Guide495.2.3 More Secure (WPA(2)-PSK)The WPA-PSK security mode provides both improved data encryption and user authentication over WEP. Using a Pre-Shared Key (PSK), both the LTE Device and the connecting client share a common password in order to validate the connection. This type of encryption, while robust, is not as strong as WPA, WPA2 or even WPA2-PSK. The WPA2-PSK security mode is a newer, more robust version of the WPA encryption standard. It offers slightly better security, although the use of PSK makes it less robust than it could be. Click Network Settings > Wireless to display the General screen. Select More Secure as the security level. Then select WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK from the Security Mode list.Figure 23 Wireless > General: More Secure: WPA(2)-PSKThe following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 10 Wireless > General: WPA(2)-PSKLABELDESCRIPTIONSecurity LevelSelect More Secure to enable WPA(2)-PSK data encryption.Security ModeSelect WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK from the drop-down list box.Pre-Shared Key The encryption mechanisms used for WPA/WPA2 and WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK are the same. The only difference between the two is that WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK uses a simple common password, instead of user-specific credentials.Type a pre-shared key from 8 to 63 case-sensitive ASCII characters or 64 hexidecimal digits.more.../hide moreClick more... to show more fields in this section. Click hide more to hide them. Chapter 5WirelessB222s Users Guide505.2.4 WPA(2) AuthenticationThe WPA2 security mode is currently the most robust form of encryption for wireless networks. It requires a RADIUS server to authenticate user credentials and is a full implementation the security protocol. Use this security option for maximum protection of your network. However, it is the least backwards compatible with older devices.The WPA security mode is a security subset of WPA2. It requires the presence of a RADIUS server on your network in order to validate user credentials. This encryption standard is slightly older than WPA2 and therefore is more compatible with older devices.Click Network Settings > Wireless to display the General screen. Select More Secure as the security level. Then select WPA or WPA2 from the Security Mode list.Figure 24 Wireless > General: More Secure: WPA(2)WPA-PSK CompatibleThis field appears when you choose WPA-PSK2 as the Security Mode.Check this field to allow wireless devices using WPA-PSK security mode to connect to your LTE Device. The LTE Device supports WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK simultaneously.EncryptionIf the security mode is WPA-PSK, the encryption mode is set to TKIP to enable Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) security on your wireless network. If the security mode is WPA-PSK2 and WPA-PSK Compatible is disabled, the encryption mode is set to AES to enable Advanced Encryption System (AES) security on your wireless network. AES provides superior security to TKIP.If the security mode is WPA-PSK2 and WPA-PSK Compatible is enabled, the encryption mode is set to TKIPAES MIX to allow both TKIP and AES types of security in your wireless network.Table 10 Wireless > General: WPA(2)-PSK (continued)LABELDESCRIPTION Chapter 5WirelessB222s Users Guide51The following table describes the labels in this screen.5.3 The More AP ScreenThe LTE Device can broadcast up to four wireless network names at the same time. This means that users can connect to the LTE Device using different SSIDs. You can secure the connection on each SSID profile so that wireless clients connecting to the LTE Device using different SSIDs cannot communicate with each other.This screen allows you to enable and configure multiple Basic Service Sets (BSSs) on the LTE Device.Click Network Settings > Wireless > More AP. The following screen displays.Figure 25 Network Settings > Wireless > More APTable 11 Wireless > General: More Secure: WPA(2)LABELDESCRIPTIONSecurity LevelSelect More Secure to enable WPA(2)-PSK data encryption.Security ModeChoose WPA or WPA2 from the drop-down list box.Authentication ServerIP AddressEnter the IP address of the external authentication server in dotted decimal notation.Port NumberEnter the port number of the external authentication server. The default port number is 1812. You need not change this value unless your network administrator instructs you to do so with additional information. Shared SecretEnter a password (up to 128 alphanumeric characters) as the key to be shared between the external authentication server and the LTE Device.The key must be the same on the external authentication server and your LTE Device. The key is not sent over the network. more.../hide moreClick more... to show more fields in this section. Click hide more to hide them.WPA CompatibleThis field is only available for WPA2. Select this if you want the LTE Device to support WPA and WPA2 simultaneously.Group Key Update TimerThe Group Key Update Timer is the rate at which the RADIUS server sends a new group key out to all clients. If the value is set to 0, the update timer function is disabled.EncryptionIf the security mode is WPA, the encryption mode is set to TKIP to enable Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) security on your wireless network. If the security mode is WPA2, the encryption mode is set to AES to enable Advanced Encryption System (AES) security on your wireless network. AES provides superior security to TKIP. Chapter 5WirelessB222s Users Guide52The following table describes the labels in this screen.5.3.1 Edit More APUse this screen to edit an SSID profile. Click the Edit icon next to an SSID in the More AP screen. The following screen displays.Figure 26 Wireless > More AP: EditThe following table describes the fields in this screen.Table 12 Network Settings > Wireless > More APLABELDESCRIPTION#This is the index number of the entry. ActiveThis field indicates whether this SSID is active. A yellow bulb signifies that this SSID is active. A gray bulb signifies that this SSID is not active.SSIDAn SSID profile is the set of parameters relating to one of the LTE Devices BSSs. The SSID (Service Set IDentifier) identifies the Service Set with which a wireless device is associated. This field displays the name of the wireless profile on the network. When a wireless client scans for an AP to associate with, this is the name that is broadcast and seen in the wireless client utility.SecurityThis field indicates the security mode of the SSID profile.Modify Click the Edit icon to configure the SSID profile.Table 13 Wireless > More AP: EditLABELDESCRIPTIONWireless Network SetupWirelessSelect the Enable Wireless LAN check box to activate the wireless LAN.Wireless Network Settings Chapter 5WirelessB222s Users Guide535.4 The WPS ScreenUse this screen to configure WiFi Protected Setup (WPS) on your LTE Device.WPS allows you to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without having to configure security settings manually. Set up each WPS connection between two devices. Both devices must support WPS. See Section 5.7.6.3 on page 64 for more information about WPS.Note: The LTE Device applies the security settings of the SSID1 profile (see Section 5.2 on page 45). If you want to use the WPS feature, make sure you have set the security mode of SSID1 to WPA-PSK, WPA2-PSK or No Security.Wireless Network Name (SSID)The SSID (Service Set IDentity) identifies the service set with which a wireless device is associated. Wireless devices associating to the access point (AP) must have the same SSID. Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 English keyboard characters) for the wireless LAN. Hide SSIDSelect this check box to hide the SSID in the outgoing beacon frame so a station cannot obtain the SSID through scanning using a site survey tool.BSSIDThis shows the MAC address of the wireless interface on the LTE Device when wireless LAN is enabled.Security LevelSecurity ModeSelect Basic (WEP) or More Secure (WPA(2)-PSK, WPA(2)) to add security on this wireless network. The wireless clients which want to associate to this network must have same wireless security settings as the LTE Device. After you select to use a security, additional options appears in this screen. Or you can select No Security to allow any client to associate this network without any data encryption or authentication.See Section 5.2.1 on page 47 for more details about this field.ApplyClick Apply to save your changes.BackClick Back to exit this screen without saving.Table 13 Wireless > More AP: Edit (continued)LABELDESCRIPTION Chapter 5WirelessB222s Users Guide54Click Network Setting > Wireless > WPS. The following screen displays. Select Enable and click Apply to activate the WPS function. Then you can configure the WPS settings in this screen. Figure 27 Network Setting > Wireless > WPSThe following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 14 Network Setting > Wireless > WPSLABELDESCRIPTIONEnable WPSSelect Enable to activate WPS on the LTE Device.Add a new device with WPS MethodMethod 1 PBCUse this section to set up a WPS wireless network using Push Button Configuration (PBC).WPSClick this button to add another WPS-enabled wireless device (within wireless range of the LTE Device) to your wireless network. This button may either be a physical button on the outside of device, or a menu button similar to the WPS button on this screen.Note: You must press the other wireless devices WPS button within two minutes of pressing this button.Method 2 PINUse this section to set up a WPS wireless network by entering the PIN (Personal Identification Number) of the client into the LTE Device. Chapter 5WirelessB222s Users Guide555.5 The WMM ScreenUse this screen to enable or disable Wi-Fi MultiMedia (WMM) wireless networks for multimedia applications.RegisterEnter the PIN of the device that you are setting up a WPS connection with and click Register to authenticate and add the wireless device to your wireless network.You can find the PIN either on the outside of the device, or by checking the devices settings.Note: You must also activate WPS on that device within two minutes to have it present its PIN to the LTE Device.WPS Configuration SummaryAP PINThe PIN of the LTE Device is shown here. Enter this PIN in the configuration utility of the device you want to connect to using WPS.The PIN is not necessary when you use WPS push-button method.Click the Generate New PIN button to have the LTE Device create a new PIN.StatusThis displays Configured when the LTE Device has connected to a wireless network using WPS or Enable WPS is selected and wireless or wireless security settings have been changed. The current wireless and wireless security settings also appear in the screen.This displays Not Configured when there is no wireless or wireless security changes on the LTE Device or you click Release Configuration to remove the configured wireless and wireless security settings.Release ConfigurationThis button is available when the WPS status is Configured.Click this button to remove all configured wireless and wireless security settings for WPS connections on the LTE Device.802.11 ModeThis is the 802.11 mode used. Only compliant WLAN devices can associate with the LTE Device.SSIDThis is the name of the wireless network.SecurityThis is the type of wireless security employed by the network.ApplyClick Apply to save your changes.Table 14 Network Setting > Wireless > WPS (continued)LABELDESCRIPTION Chapter 5WirelessB222s Users Guide56Click Network Setting > Wireless > WMM. The following screen displays.Figure 28 Network Setting > Wireless > WMMThe following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 15 Network Setting > Wireless > WMMLABELDESCRIPTIONEnable WMM of SSID1~4This enables the LTE Device to automatically give a service a priority level according to the ToS value in the IP header of packets it sends. WMM QoS (Wifi MultiMedia Quality of Service) gives high priority to voice and video, which makes them run more smoothly.Enable WMM Automatic Power Save Deliver (APSD)Click this to increase battery life for battery-powered wireless clients. APSD uses a longer beacon interval when transmitting traffic that does not require a short packet exchange interval.ApplyClick Apply to save your changes.CancelClick Cancel to restore your previously saved settings. Chapter 5WirelessB222s Users Guide575.6 Scheduling Screen Click Network Setting > Wireless > Scheduling to open the Wireless LAN Scheduling screen. Use this screen to configure when the LTE Device enables or disables the wireless LAN. Figure 29 Network Setting > Wireless > SchedulingThe following table describes the labels in this screen.5.7 Technical ReferenceThis section discusses wireless LANs in depth. For more information, see the appendix.Table 16 Network Setting > Wireless > SchedulingLABELDESCRIPTIONWireless LAN SchedulingSelect Enable to activate wireless LAN scheduling on your LTE Device.WLAN statusSelect On or Off to enable or disable the wireless LAN.DaySelect the day(s) you want to turn the wireless LAN on or off.Between the following timesSpecify the time period during which to apply the schedule.For example, you want the wireless network to be only available during work hours. Check Mon ~ Fri in the day column, and specify 8:00 ~ 18:00 in the time table.ApplyClick Apply to save your changes.CancelClick Cancel to restore your previously saved settings. Chapter 5WirelessB222s Users Guide585.7.1 Additional Wireless TermsThe following table describes some wireless network terms and acronyms used in the LTE Devices web configurator.5.7.2 Wireless Security OverviewBy their nature, radio communications are simple to intercept. For wireless data networks, this means that anyone within range of a wireless network without security can not only read the data passing over the airwaves, but also join the network. Once an unauthorized person has access to the network, he or she can steal information or introduce malware (malicious software) intended to compromise the network. For these reasons, a variety of security systems have been developed to ensure that only authorized people can use a wireless data network, or understand the data carried on it.These security standards do two things. First, they authenticate. This means that only people presenting the right credentials (often a username and password, or a key phrase) can access the network. Second, they encrypt. This means that the information sent over the air is encoded. Only people with the code key can understand the information, and only people who have been authenticated are given the code key.These security standards vary in effectiveness. Some can be broken, such as the old Wired Equivalent Protocol (WEP). Using WEP is better than using no security at all, but it will not keep a determined attacker out. Other security standards are secure in themselves but can be broken if a user does not use them properly. For example, the WPA-PSK security standard is very secure if you use a long key which is difficult for an attackers software to guess - for example, a twenty-letter long string of apparently random numbers and letters - but it is not very secure if you use a short key which is very easy to guess - for example, a three-letter word from the dictionary.Because of the damage that can be done by a malicious attacker, its not just people who have sensitive information on their network who should use security. Everybody who uses any wireless network should ensure that effective security is in place.Table 17 Additional Wireless TermsTERMDESCRIPTIONRTS/CTS ThresholdIn a wireless network which covers a large area, wireless devices are sometimes not aware of each others presence. This may cause them to send information to the AP at the same time and result in information colliding and not getting through.By setting this value lower than the default value, the wireless devices must sometimes get permission to send information to the LTE Device. The lower the value, the more often the devices must get permission.If this value is greater than the fragmentation threshold value (see below), then wireless devices never have to get permission to send information to the LTE Device.PreambleA preamble affects the timing in your wireless network. There are two preamble modes: long and short. If a device uses a different preamble mode than the LTE Device does, it cannot communicate with the LTE Device.AuthenticationThe process of verifying whether a wireless device is allowed to use the wireless network.Fragmentation ThresholdA small fragmentation threshold is recommended for busy networks, while a larger threshold provides faster performance if the network is not very busy. Chapter 5WirelessB222s Users Guide59A good way to come up with effective security keys, passwords and so on is to use obscure information that you personally will easily remember, and to enter it in a way that appears random and does not include real words. For example, if your mother owns a 1970 Dodge Challenger and her favorite movie is Vanishing Point (which you know was made in 1971) you could use 70dodchal71vanpoi as your security key.The following sections introduce different types of wireless security you can set up in the wireless network.5.7.2.1 SSIDNormally, the LTE Device acts like a beacon and regularly broadcasts the SSID in the area. You can hide the SSID instead, in which case the LTE Device does not broadcast the SSID. In addition, you should change the default SSID to something that is difficult to guess.This type of security is fairly weak, however, because there are ways for unauthorized wireless devices to get the SSID. In addition, unauthorized wireless devices can still see the information that is sent in the wireless network.5.7.2.2 MAC Address FilterEvery device that can use a wireless network has a unique identification number, called a MAC address.1 A MAC address is usually written using twelve hexadecimal characters2; for example, 00A0C5000002 or 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. To get the MAC address for each device in the wireless network, see the devices Users Guide or other documentation.You can use the MAC address filter to tell the LTE Device which devices are allowed or not allowed to use the wireless network. If a device is allowed to use the wireless network, it still has to have the correct information (SSID, channel, and security). If a device is not allowed to use the wireless network, it does not matter if it has the correct information.This type of security does not protect the information that is sent in the wireless network. Furthermore, there are ways for unauthorized wireless devices to get the MAC address of an authorized device. Then, they can use that MAC address to use the wireless network.5.7.2.3 User AuthenticationAuthentication is the process of verifying whether a wireless device is allowed to use the wireless network. You can make every user log in to the wireless network before using it. However, every device in the wireless network has to support IEEE 802.1x to do this.For wireless networks, you can store the user names and passwords for each user in a RADIUS server. This is a server used in businesses more than in homes. If you do not have a RADIUS server, you cannot set up user names and passwords for your users.Unauthorized wireless devices can still see the information that is sent in the wireless network, even if they cannot use the wireless network. Furthermore, there are ways for unauthorized wireless users to get a valid user name and password. Then, they can use that user name and password to use the wireless network.1.Some wireless devices, such as scanners, can detect wireless networks but cannot use wireless networks. These kinds of wireless devices might not have MAC addresses.2.Hexadecimal characters are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, and F. Chapter 5WirelessB222s Users Guide605.7.2.4 EncryptionWireless networks can use encryption to protect the information that is sent in the wireless network. Encryption is like a secret code. If you do not know the secret code, you cannot understand the message.The types of encryption you can choose depend on the type of authentication. (See Section 5.7.2.3 on page 59 for information about this.)For example, if the wireless network has a RADIUS server, you can choose WPA or WPA2. If users do not log in to the wireless network, you can choose no encryption, Static WEP, WPA-PSK, or WPA2-PSK.Usually, you should set up the strongest encryption that every device in the wireless network supports. For example, suppose you have a wireless network with the LTE Device and you do not have a RADIUS server. Therefore, there is no authentication. Suppose the wireless network has two devices. Device A only supports WEP, and device B supports WEP and WPA. Therefore, you should set up Static WEP in the wireless network.Note: It is recommended that wireless networks use WPA-PSK, WPA, or stronger encryption. The other types of encryption are better than none at all, but it is still possible for unauthorized wireless devices to figure out the original information pretty quickly.When you select WPA2 or WPA2-PSK in your LTE Device, you can also select an option (WPA compatible) to support WPA as well. In this case, if some of the devices support WPA and some support WPA2, you should set up WPA2-PSK or WPA2 (depending on the type of wireless network login) and select the WPA compatible option in the LTE Device.Many types of encryption use a key to protect the information in the wireless network. The longer the key, the stronger the encryption. Every device in the wireless network must have the same key.5.7.3 Signal ProblemsBecause wireless networks are radio networks, their signals are subject to limitations of distance, interference and absorption.Problems with distance occur when the two radios are too far apart. Problems with interference occur when other radio waves interrupt the data signal. Interference may come from other radio transmissions, such as military or air traffic control communications, or from machines that are coincidental emitters such as electric motors or microwaves. Problems with absorption occur when physical objects (such as thick walls) are between the two radios, muffling the signal.Table 18 Types of Encryption for Each Type of AuthenticationNO AUTHENTICATIONRADIUS SERVERWeakestNo SecurityWPAStatic WEPWPA-PSKStrongestWPA2-PSKWPA2 Chapter 5WirelessB222s Users Guide615.7.4 BSSA Basic Service Set (BSS) exists when all communications between wireless stations or between a wireless station and a wired network client go through one access point (AP). Intra-BSS traffic is traffic between wireless stations in the BSS. When Intra-BSS traffic blocking is disabled, wireless station A and B can access the wired network and communicate with each other. When Intra-BSS traffic blocking is enabled, wireless station A and B can still access the wired network but cannot communicate with each other.Figure 30 Basic Service set5.7.5 MBSSIDTraditionally, you need to use different APs to configure different Basic Service Sets (BSSs). As well as the cost of buying extra APs, there is also the possibility of channel interference. The LTE Devices MBSSID (Multiple Basic Service Set IDentifier) function allows you to use one access point to provide several BSSs simultaneously. You can then assign varying QoS priorities and/or security modes to different SSIDs.Wireless devices can use different BSSIDs to associate with the same AP.5.7.5.1 Notes on Multiple BSSsA maximum of eight BSSs are allowed on one AP simultaneously.You must use different keys for different BSSs. If two wireless devices have different BSSIDs (they are in different BSSs), but have the same keys, they may hear each others communications (but not communicate with each other).MBSSID should not replace but rather be used in conjunction with 802.1x security. Chapter 5WirelessB222s Users Guide625.7.6 WiFi Protected Setup (WPS)Your LTE Device supports WiFi Protected Setup (WPS), which is an easy way to set up a secure wireless network. WPS is an industry standard specification, defined by the WiFi Alliance.WPS allows you to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without having to configure security settings manually. Each WPS connection works between two devices. Both devices must support WPS (check each devices documentation to make sure). Depending on the devices you have, you can either press a button (on the device itself, or in its configuration utility) or enter a PIN (a unique Personal Identification Number that allows one device to authenticate the other) in each of the two devices. When WPS is activated on a device, it has two minutes to find another device that also has WPS activated. Then, the two devices connect and set up a secure network by themselves.5.7.6.1 Push Button ConfigurationWPS Push Button Configuration (PBC) is initiated by pressing a button on each WPS-enabled device, and allowing them to connect automatically. You do not need to enter any information. Not every WPS-enabled device has a physical WPS button. Some may have a WPS PBC button in their configuration utilities instead of or in addition to the physical button.Take the following steps to set up WPS using the button.1Ensure that the two devices you want to set up are within wireless range of one another. 2Look for a WPS button on each device. If the device does not have one, log into its configuration utility and locate the button (see the devices Users Guide for how to do this - for the LTE Device, see Section 5.4 on page 53).3Press the button on one of the devices (it doesnt matter which). For the LTE Device you must press the WPS button for more than three seconds.4Within two minutes, press the button on the other device. The registrar sends the network name (SSID) and security key through an secure connection to the enrollee.If you need to make sure that WPS worked, check the list of associated wireless clients in the APs configuration utility. If you see the wireless client in the list, WPS was successful.5.7.6.2 PIN ConfigurationEach WPS-enabled device has its own PIN (Personal Identification Number). This may either be static (it cannot be changed) or dynamic (in some devices you can generate a new PIN by clicking on a button in the configuration interface). Use the PIN method instead of the push-button configuration (PBC) method if you want to ensure that the connection is established between the devices you specify, not just the first two devices to activate WPS in range of each other. However, you need to log into the configuration interfaces of both devices to use the PIN method.When you use the PIN method, you must enter the PIN from one device (usually the wireless client) into the second device (usually the Access Point or wireless router). Then, when WPS is activated Chapter 5WirelessB222s Users Guide63on the first device, it presents its PIN to the second device. If the PIN matches, one device sends the network and security information to the other, allowing it to join the network.Take the following steps to set up a WPS connection between an access point or wireless router (referred to here as the AP) and a client device using the PIN method.1Ensure WPS is enabled on both devices.2Access the WPS section of the APs configuration interface. See the devices Users Guide for how to do this. 3Look for the clients WPS PIN; it will be displayed either on the device, or in the WPS section of the clients configuration interface (see the devices Users Guide for how to find the WPS PIN - for the LTE Device, see Section 5.4 on page 53).4Enter the clients PIN in the APs configuration interface.5If the client devices configuration interface has an area for entering another devices PIN, you can either enter the clients PIN in the AP, or enter the APs PIN in the client - it does not matter which. 6Start WPS on both devices within two minutes. 7Use the configuration utility to activate WPS, not the push-button on the device itself.8On a computer connected to the wireless client, try to connect to the Internet. If you can connect, WPS was successful.If you cannot connect, check the list of associated wireless clients in the APs configuration utility. If you see the wireless client in the list, WPS was successful. Chapter 5WirelessB222s Users Guide64The following figure shows a WPS-enabled wireless client (installed in a notebook computer) connecting to the WPS-enabled AP via the PIN method.Figure 31 Example WPS Process: PIN Method5.7.6.3 How WPS WorksWhen two WPS-enabled devices connect, each device must assume a specific role. One device acts as the registrar (the device that supplies network and security settings) and the other device acts as the enrollee (the device that receives network and security settings. The registrar creates a secure EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) tunnel and sends the network name (SSID) and the WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK pre-shared key to the enrollee. Whether WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK is used depends on the standards supported by the devices. If the registrar is already part of a network, it sends the existing information. If not, it generates the SSID and WPA(2)-PSK randomly.ENROLLEESECURE EAP TUNNELSSIDWPA(2)-PSKWITHIN 2 MINUTESCOMMUNICATIONThis devices WPSEnter WPS PIN WPSfrom other device: WPS PIN: 123456WPSSTARTWPSSTARTREGISTRAR Chapter 5WirelessB222s Users Guide65The following figure shows a WPS-enabled client (installed in a notebook computer) connecting to a WPS-enabled access point.Figure 32 How WPS worksThe roles of registrar and enrollee last only as long as the WPS setup process is active (two minutes). The next time you use WPS, a different device can be the registrar if necessary.The WPS connection process is like a handshake; only two devices participate in each WPS transaction. If you want to add more devices you should repeat the process with one of the existing networked devices and the new device.Note that the access point (AP) is not always the registrar, and the wireless client is not always the enrollee. All WPS-certified APs can be a registrar, and so can some WPS-enabled wireless clients.By default, a WPS devices is unconfigured. This means that it is not part of an existing network and can act as either enrollee or registrar (if it supports both functions). If the registrar is unconfigured, the security settings it transmits to the enrollee are randomly-generated. Once a WPS-enabled device has connected to another device using WPS, it becomes configured. A configured wireless client can still act as enrollee or registrar in subsequent WPS connections, but a configured access point can no longer act as enrollee. It will be the registrar in all subsequent WPS connections in which it is involved. If you want a configured AP to act as an enrollee, you must reset it to its factory defaults.5.7.6.4 Example WPS Network SetupThis section shows how security settings are distributed in an example WPS setup.The following figure shows an example network. In step 1, both AP1 and Client 1 are unconfigured. When WPS is activated on both, they perform the handshake. In this example, AP1 SECURE TUNNELSECURITY INFOWITHIN 2 MINUTESCOMMUNICATIONACTIVATEWPSACTIVATEWPSWPS HANDSHAKEREGISTRARENROLLEE Chapter 5WirelessB222s Users Guide66is the registrar, and Client 1 is the enrollee. The registrar randomly generates the security information to set up the network, since it is unconfigured and has no existing information.Figure 33 WPS: Example Network Step 1In step 2, you add another wireless client to the network. You know that Client 1 supports registrar mode, but it is better to use AP1 for the WPS handshake with the new client since you must connect to the access point anyway in order to use the network. In this case, AP1 must be the registrar, since it is configured (it already has security information for the network). AP1 supplies the existing security information to Client 2.Figure 34 WPS: Example Network Step 2REGISTRARENROLLEESECURITY INFOCLIENT 1AP1REGISTRARCLIENT 1AP1ENROLLEECLIENT 2EXISTING CONNECTIONSECURITY INFO Chapter 5WirelessB222s Users Guide67In step 3, you add another access point (AP2) to your network. AP2 is out of range of AP1, so you cannot use AP1 for the WPS handshake with the new access point. However, you know that Client 2 supports the registrar function, so you use it to perform the WPS handshake instead.Figure 35 WPS: Example Network Step 35.7.6.5 Limitations of WPSWPS has some limitations of which you should be aware. WPS works in Infrastructure networks only (where an AP and a wireless client communicate). It does not work in Ad-Hoc networks (where there is no AP).When you use WPS, it works between two devices only. You cannot enroll multiple devices simultaneously, you must enroll one after the other. For instance, if you have two enrollees and one registrar you must set up the first enrollee (by pressing the WPS button on the registrar and the first enrollee, for example), then check that it successfully enrolled, then set up the second device in the same way.WPS works only with other WPS-enabled devices. However, you can still add non-WPS devices to a network you already set up using WPS. WPS works by automatically issuing a randomly-generated WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK pre-shared key from the registrar device to the enrollee devices. Whether the network uses WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK depends on the device. You can check the configuration interface of the registrar device to discover the key the network is using (if the device supports this feature). Then, you can enter the key into the non-WPS device and join the network as normal (the non-WPS device must also support WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK).CLIENT 1AP1REGISTRARCLIENT 2EXISTING CONNECTIONSECURITY INFOENROLLEEAP2EXISTING CONNECTION Chapter 5WirelessB222s Users Guide68When you use the PBC method, there is a short period (from the moment you press the button on one device to the moment you press the button on the other device) when any WPS-enabled device could join the network. This is because the registrar has no way of identifying the correct enrollee, and cannot differentiate between your enrollee and a rogue device. This is a possible way for a hacker to gain access to a network.You can easily check to see if this has happened. WPS works between only two devices simultaneously, so if another device has enrolled your device will be unable to enroll, and will not have access to the network. If this happens, open the access points configuration interface and look at the list of associated clients (usually displayed by MAC address). It does not matter if the access point is the WPS registrar, the enrollee, or was not involved in the WPS handshake; a rogue device must still associate with the access point to gain access to the network. Check the MAC addresses of your wireless clients (usually printed on a label on the bottom of the device). If there is an unknown MAC address you can remove it or reset the AP. B222s Users Guide69CHAPTER 6Home Networking6.1 Overview A Local Area Network (LAN) is a shared communication system to which many computers are attached. A LAN is usually located in one immediate area such as a building or floor of a building.The LAN screens can help you configure a LAN DHCP server and manage IP addresses.6.1.1 What You Can Do in this ChapterUse the LAN Setup screen to set the LAN IP address, subnet mask, and DHCP settings (Section 6.2 on page 71). Use the Static DHCP screen to assign IP addresses on the LAN to specific individual computers based on their MAC Addresses (Section 6.3 on page 72).Use the UPnP screen to enable UPnP (Section 6.4 on page 73).6.1.2 What You Need To KnowThe following terms and concepts may help as you read this chapter.6.1.2.1 About LANIP AddressSimilar to the way houses on a street share a common street name, so too do computers on a LAN share one common network number. This is known as an Internet Protocol address.WANLAN Chapter 6Home NetworkingB222s Users Guide70Subnet MaskThe subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your LTE Device will compute the subnet mask automatically based on the IP address that you entered. You don't need to change the subnet mask computed by the LTE Device unless you are instructed to do otherwise.DHCPDHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) allows clients to obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. This LTE Device has a built-in DHCP server capability that assigns IP addresses and DNS servers to systems that support DHCP client capability.DNSDNS (Domain Name System) maps a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice versa. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must know the IP address of a computer before you can access it. The DNS server addresses you enter when you set up DHCP are passed to the client machines along with the assigned IP address and subnet mask.6.1.2.2 About UPnPHow do I know if I'm using UPnP? UPnP hardware is identified as an icon in the Network Connections folder (Windows XP). Each UPnP compatible device installed on your network will appear as a separate icon. Selecting the icon of a UPnP device will allow you to access the information and properties of that device. Cautions with UPnPThe automated nature of NAT traversal applications in establishing their own services and opening firewall ports may present network security issues. Network information and configuration may also be obtained and modified by users in some network environments. When a UPnP device joins a network, it announces its presence with a multicast message. For security reasons, the LTE Device allows multicast messages on the LAN only.All UPnP-enabled devices may communicate freely with each other without additional configuration. Disable UPnP if this is not your intention. Chapter 6Home NetworkingB222s Users Guide716.2 The LAN Setup ScreenClick Network Setting > Home Networking to open the LAN Setup screen. Use this screen to set the Local Area Network IP address and subnet mask of your LTE Device and configure the DNS server information that the LTE Device sends to the DHCP client devices on the LAN.Figure 36 Network Setting > Home Networking > LAN Setup The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 19 Network Setting > Home Networking > LAN Setup LABELDESCRIPTIONLAN IP SetupIP AddressEnter the LAN IP address you want to assign to your LTE Device in dotted decimal notation, for example, 192.168.1.1 (factory default). IP Subnet Mask Type the subnet mask of your network in dotted decimal notation, for example 255.255.255.0 (factory default). Your LTE Device automatically computes the subnet mask based on the IP address you enter, so do not change this field unless you are instructed to do so.DHCP Server StateDHCPSelect Enable to have your LTE Device assign IP addresses, an IP default gateway and DNS servers to LAN computers and other devices that are DHCP clients.If you select Disable, you need to manually configure the IP addresses of the computers and other devices on your LAN.When DHCP is used, the following fields need to be set.IP Addressing ValuesIP Pool Starting AddressThis field specifies the first of the contiguous addresses in the IP address pool.Pool SizeThis field specifies the size, or count of the IP address pool.DNS Values Chapter 6Home NetworkingB222s Users Guide726.3 The Static DHCP ScreenThis table allows you to assign IP addresses on the LAN to specific individual computers based on their MAC Addresses. Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02.6.3.1 Before You BeginFind out the MAC addresses of your network devices if you intend to add them to the Static DHCP screen.Use this screen to change your LTE Devices static DHCP settings. Click Network Setting > Home Networking > Static DHCP to open the following screen.Figure 37 Network Setting > Home Networking > Static DHCP The following table describes the labels in this screen.DNS Server 1-3Select From ISP if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server information (and the LTE Device's WAN IP address).Select DNS-Proxy if Select User-Defined if you have the IP address of a DNS server. Enter the DNS server's IP address in the field to the right. If you chose User-Defined, but leave the IP address set to 0.0.0.0, User-Defined changes to None after you click Apply. If you set a second choice to User-Defined, and enter the same IP address, the second User-Defined changes to None after you click Apply. Select None if you do not want to configure DNS servers. You must have another DHCP sever on your LAN, or else the computers must have their DNS server addresses manually configured. If you do not configure a DNS server, you must know the IP address of a computer in order to access it.ApplyClick Apply to save your changes.CancelClick Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.Table 19 Network Setting > Home Networking > LAN Setup (continued)LABELDESCRIPTIONTable 20 Network Setting > Home Networking > Static DHCPLABELDESCRIPTIONAdd new static leaseClick this to add a new static DHCP entry. #This is the index number of the entry.StatusThis field displays whether the client is connected to the LTE Device. Chapter 6Home NetworkingB222s Users Guide73If you click Add new static lease in the Static DHCP screen, the following screen displays.Figure 38 Static DHCP: AddThe following table describes the labels in this screen.6.4 The UPnP ScreenUniversal Plug and Play (UPnP) is a distributed, open networking standard that uses TCP/IP for simple peer-to-peer network connectivity between devices. A UPnP device can dynamically join a network, obtain an IP address, convey its capabilities and learn about other devices on the network. In turn, a device can leave a network smoothly and automatically when it is no longer in use.See page74 for more information on UPnP.Host NameThis field displays the client host name.MAC AddressThe MAC (Media Access Control) or Ethernet address on a LAN (Local Area Network) is unique to your computer (six pairs of hexadecimal notation).A network interface card such as an Ethernet adapter has a hardwired address that is assigned at the factory. This address follows an industry standard that ensures no other adapter has a similar address.IP AddressThis field displays the IP address relative to the # field listed above.ReserveSelect the check box in the heading row to automatically select all check boxes or select the check box(es) in each entry to have the LTE Device always assign the selected entry(ies)s IP address(es) to the corresponding MAC address(es) (and host name(s)). You can select up to 128 entries in this table. ApplyClick Apply to save your changes.CancelClick Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.RefreshClick Refresh to reload the DHCP table.Table 21 Static DHCP: AddLABELDESCRIPTIONMAC AddressEnter the MAC address of a computer on your LAN.IP AddressEnter the IP address that you want to assign to the computer on your LAN with the MAC address that you will also specify.ApplyClick Apply to save your changes.BackClick Back to exit this screen without saving.Table 20 Network Setting > Home Networking > Static DHCP (continued)LABELDESCRIPTION Chapter 6Home NetworkingB222s Users Guide74Use the following screen to configure the UPnP settings on your LTE Device. Click Network Setting > Home Networking > Static DHCP > UPnP to display the screen shown next.Figure 39 Network Setting > Home Networking > UPnPThe following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 22 Network Settings > Home Networking > UPnPLABELDESCRIPTIONUPnPSelect Enable to activate UPnP. Be aware that anyone could use a UPnP application to open the web configurator's login screen without entering the LTE Device's IP address (although you must still enter the password to access the web configurator).ApplyClick Apply to save your changes. B222s Users Guide75CHAPTER 7Routing7.1 OverviewThe LTE Device usually uses the default gateway to route outbound traffic from computers on the LAN to the Internet. To have the LTE Device send data to devices not reachable through the default gateway, use static routes.For example, the next figure shows a computer (A) connected to the LTE Devices LAN interface. The LTE Device routes most traffic from A to the Internet through the LTE Devices default gateway (R1). You create one static route to connect to services offered by your ISP behind router R2. You create another static route to communicate with a separate network behind a router R3 connected to the LAN. Figure 40 Example of Static Routing TopologyWANR1R2AR3LAN Chapter 7RoutingB222s Users Guide767.2 Configuring Static Route Use this screen to view and configure IP static routes on the LTE Device. Click Network Setting > Static Route to open the following screen. Figure 41 Network Setting > Static RouteThe following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 23 Network Setting > Static RouteLABELDESCRIPTIONAdd New Static RouteClick this to set up a new static route on the LTE Device.#This is the number of an individual static route.ActiveThis indicates whether the rule is active or not.A yellow bulb signifies that this static route is active. A gray bulb signifies that this static route is not active.StatusThis shows whether the static route is currently in use or not. A yellow bulb signifies that this static route is in use. A gray bulb signifies that this static route is not in use. NameThis is the name that describes or identifies this route. Destination IPThis parameter specifies the IP network address of the final destination. Routing is always based on network number. GatewayThis is the IP address of the gateway. The gateway is a router or switch on the same network segment as the device's LAN or WAN port. The gateway helps forward packets to their destinations.Subnet MaskThis parameter specifies the IP network subnet mask of the final destination.InterfaceThis indicates which interface handles the traffic forwarded by this route.ModifyClick the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can set up a static route on the LTE Device.Click the Delete icon to remove a static route from the LTE Device. Chapter 7RoutingB222s Users Guide777.2.1 Add/Edit Static Route Click add new Static Route in the Routing screen or click the Edit icon next to a rule. The following screen appears. Use this screen to configure the required information for a static route.Figure 42 Routing: Add/EditThe following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 24 Routing: Add/EditLABELDESCRIPTIONActiveClick this to activate this static route.Route NameEnter the name of the IP static route. Leave this field blank to delete this static route.Destination IP AddressThis parameter specifies the IP network address of the final destination. Routing is always based on network number. If you need to specify a route to a single host, use a subnet mask of 255.255.255.255 in the subnet mask field to force the network number to be identical to the host ID.IP Subnet Mask Enter the IP subnet mask here.Gateway IP AddressYou can decide if you want to forward packets to a gateway IP address or a bound interface.If you want to configure Gateway IP Address, enter the IP address of the next-hop gateway. The gateway is a router or switch on the same network segment as the device's LAN or WAN port. The gateway helps forward packets to their destinations.Bound InterfaceYou can decide if you want to forward packets to a gateway IP address or a bound interface.If you want to configure Bound Interface, select the check box and choose an interface through which the traffic is sent. ApplyClick Apply to save your changes.BackClick Back to exit this screen without saving. Chapter 7RoutingB222s Users Guide78 B222s Users Guide79CHAPTER 8DNS Route8.1 Overview DNS (Domain Name System) is for mapping a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice versa. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must know the IP address of a machine before you can access it. In addition to the system DNS server(s), each WAN interface (service) is set to have its own static or dynamic DNS server list. You can configure a DNS static route to forward DNS queries for certain domain names through a specific WAN interface to its DNS server(s). The LTE Device uses a system DNS server (in the order you specify in the Broadband screen) to resolve domain names that do not match any DNS routing entry. After the LTE Device receives a DNS reply from a DNS server, it creates a new entry for the resolved IP address in the routing table.In the following example, the DNS server 168.92.5.1 obtained from the WAN interface atm0.100 is set to be the system DNS server. The DNS server 10.10.23.7 is obtained from the WAN interface ppp1.123. You configure a DNS route for *example.com to have the LTE Device forward DNS requests for the domain name mail.example.com through the WAN interface ppp1.123 to the DNS server 10.10.23.7.Figure 43 Example of DNS Routing Topology8.1.1 What You Can Do in this ChapterThe DNS Route screens let you view and configure DNS routes on the LTE Device (Section 8.2 on page 80).WANLANatm0.100ppp1.123DNS:10.10.23.7DNS:168.92.5.1sip.service.commail.example.com(Default) Chapter 8DNS RouteB222s Users Guide808.2 The DNS Route ScreenThe DNS Route screens let you view and configure DNS routes on the LTE Device. Click Network Setting > DNS Route to open the DNS Route screen. Figure 44 Network Setting > DNS RouteThe following table describes the labels in this screen. 8.2.1 Add/Edit DNS Route Edit Click Add new DNS route in the DNS Route screen or the Edit icon next to an existing DNS route. Use this screen to configure the required information for a DNS route. Figure 45 DNS Route: Add/Edit Table 25 Network Setting > DNS RouteLABELDESCRIPTIONAdd new DNS routeClick this to create a new entry.#This is the number of an individual DNS route.StatusThis shows whether the DNS route is currently in use or not.A yellow bulb signifies that this DNS route is in use. A gray bulb signifies that this DNS route is not in use.Domain NameThis is the domain name to which the DNS route applies. WAN InterfaceThis is the WAN interface through which the matched DNS request is routed. ModifyClick the Edit icon to configure a DNS route on the LTE Device.Click the Delete icon to remove a DNS route from the LTE Device. Chapter 8DNS RouteB222s Users Guide81The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 26 DNS Route: Add/EditLABELDESCRIPTIONActiveSelect this to activate this DNS route.Domain NameEnter the domain name you want to resolve.You can use the wildcard character, an * (asterisk) as the left most part of a domain name, such as *.example.com. The LTE Device forwards DNS queries for any domain name ending in example.com to the WAN interface specified in this route.WAN InterfaceSelect a WAN interface through which the matched DNS query is sent. You must have the WAN interface(s) already configured in the Broadband screen. ApplyClick Apply to save your changes.BackClick Back to exit this screen without saving. Chapter 8DNS RouteB222s Users Guide82 B222s Users Guide83CHAPTER 9Quality of Service (QoS)9.1 OverviewThis chapter discusses the LTE Devices QoS screens. Use these screens to set up your LTE Device to use QoS for traffic management. Quality of Service (QoS) refers to both a networks ability to deliver data with minimum delay, and the networking methods used to control the use of bandwidth. QoS allows the LTE Device to group and prioritize application traffic and fine-tune network performance. Without QoS, all traffic data is equally likely to be dropped when the network is congested. This can cause a reduction in network performance and make the network inadequate for time-critical application such as video-on-demand.The LTE Device assigns each packet a priority and then queues the packet accordingly. Packets assigned a high priority are processed more quickly than those with low priority if there is congestion, allowing time-sensitive applications to flow more smoothly. Time-sensitive applications include both those that require a low level of latency (delay) and a low level of jitter (variations in delay) such as Internet gaming, and those for which jitter alone is a problem such as Internet radio or streaming video.Note: The LTE Device has built-in configurations for Voice over IP (IP). The Quality of Service (QoS) feature does not affect VoIP traffic. See Section 9.6 on page 92 for advanced technical information on SIP.9.1.1 What You Can Do in this ChapterUse the General screen to enable QoS, set the bandwidth, and allow the LTE Device to automatically assign priority to upstream traffic according to the IEEE 802.1p priority level, IP precedence or packet length (Section 9.2 on page 84).Use the Queue Setup screen to configure QoS queue assignment (Section 9.3 on page 86).Use the Class Setup screen to set up classifiers to sort traffic into different flows and assign priority and define actions to be performed for a classified traffic flow (Section 9.4 on page 87).Use the Monitor screen to view the LTE Devices QoS-related packet statistics (Section 9.5 on page 92).9.1.2 What You Need to KnowThe following terms and concepts may help as you read this chapter. Chapter 9Quality of Service (QoS)B222s Users Guide84QoS versus CosQoS is used to prioritize source-to-destination traffic flows. All packets in the same flow are given the same priority. CoS (class of service) is a way of managing traffic in a network by grouping similar types of traffic together and treating each type as a class. You can use CoS to give different priorities to different packet types. CoS technologies include IEEE 802.1p layer 2 tagging and DiffServ (Differentiated Services or DS). IEEE 802.1p tagging makes use of three bits in the packet header, while DiffServ is a new protocol and defines a new DS field, which replaces the eight-bit ToS (Type of Service) field in the IP header. Tagging and MarkingIn a QoS class, you can configure whether to add or change the DSCP (DiffServ Code Point) value and IEEE 802.1p priority level in a matched packet. When the packet passes through a compatible network, the networking device, such as a backbone switch, can provide specific treatment or service based on the tag or marker.9.2 The QoS General Screen Use this screen to enable or disable QoS, set the bandwidth, and select to have the LTE Device automatically assign priority to upstream traffic according to the IEEE 802.1p priority level, IP precedence or packet length.Click Network Setting > QoS to open the General screen. Figure 46 Network Setting > QoS > General Chapter 9Quality of Service (QoS)B222s Users Guide85The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 27 Network Setting > QoS > GeneralLABELDESCRIPTIONActive QoSSelect the check box to turn on QoS to improve your network performance. You can give priority to traffic that the LTE Device forwards out through the WAN interface. Give high priority to voice and video to make them run more smoothly. Similarly, give low priority to many large file downloads so that they do not reduce the quality of other applications. WAN Managed Upstream BandwidthEnter the amount of bandwidth for the WAN interface that you want to allocate using QoS. The recommendation is to set this speed to match the interfaces actual transmission speed. For example, set the WAN interface speed to 1000 kbps if your Internet connection has an upstream transmission speed of 1 Mbps. Setting this number higher than the interfaces actual transmission speed will stop lower priority traffic from being sent if higher priority traffic uses all of the actual bandwidth. If you set this number lower than the interfaces actual transmission speed, the LTE Device will not use some of the interfaces available bandwidth.Leave this field blank to have the LTE Device set this value automatically.Traffic priority will be automatically assigned byThese fields are ignored if upstream traffic matches a class you configured in the Class Setup screen.If you select Ethernet Priority, IP Precedence or Packet Length and traffic does not match a class configured in the Class Setup screen, the LTE Device assigns priority to unmatched traffic based on the IEEE 802.1p priority level, IP precedence or packet length.See Section 9.6.1 on page 93 for more information.Active upstream hardware Queue if available??ApplyClick Apply to save your changes.CancelClick Cancel to restore your previously saved settings. Chapter 9Quality of Service (QoS)B222s Users Guide869.3 The Queue Setup ScreenUse this screen to configure QoS queue assignment. Click Network Setting > QoS > Queue Setup to open the screen as shown next. Figure 47 Network Setting > QoS > Queue Setup The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 28 Network Setting > QoS > Queue SetupLABELDESCRIPTIONAdd new QueueClick this to create a new entry.#This is the index number of this entry.StatusThis indicates whether the queue is active or not.A yellow bulb signifies that this queue is active. A gray bulb signifies that this queue is not active.NameThis shows the descriptive name of this queue.InterfaceThis shows the name of the LTE Devices interface through which traffic in this queue passes.PriorityThis shows the priority of this queue.WeightThis shows the weight of this queue.Buffer Management This shows the queue management algorithm used by the LTE Device.Rate Limit (kbps)This shows the maximum transmission rate allowed for traffic on this queue.ModifyClick the Edit icon to edit the queue.Click the Delete icon to delete an existing queue. Note that subsequent rules move up by one when you take this action. Chapter 9Quality of Service (QoS)B222s Users Guide879.3.1 Add/Edit a QoS Queue Use this screen to configure a queue. Click Add new queue in the Queue Setup screen or the Edit icon next to an existing queue. Figure 48 Queue Setup: Add/Edit The following table describes the labels in this screen. 9.4 The Class Setup Screen Use this screen to add, edit or delete QoS classifiers. A classifier groups traffic into data flows according to specific criteria such as the source address, destination address, source port number, destination port number or incoming interface. For example, you can configure a classifier to select traffic from the same protocol port (such as Telnet) to form a flow.You can give different priorities to traffic that the LTE Device forwards out through the WAN interface. Give high priority to voice and video to make them run more smoothly. Similarly, give low priority to many large file downloads so that they do not reduce the quality of other applications. Table 29 Queue Setup: Add/EditLABELDESCRIPTIONActiveSelect to enable or disable this queue.NameEnter the descriptive name of this queue.InterfaceThis shows the interface of this queue.PrioritySelect the priority level (from 1 to 7) of this queue.The larger the number, the higher the priority level. Traffic assigned to higher priority queues gets through faster while traffic in lower priority queues is dropped if the network is congested.WeightSelect the weight (from 1 to 15) of this queue. If two queues have the same priority level, the LTE Device divides the bandwidth across the queues according to their weights. Queues with larger weights get more bandwidth than queues with smaller weights.Rate LimitSpecify the maximum transmission rate (in Kbps) allowed for traffic on this queue.ApplyClick Apply to save your changes.BackClick Back to return to the previous screen without saving. Chapter 9Quality of Service (QoS)B222s Users Guide88Click Network Setting > QoS > Class Setup to open the following screen.Figure 49 Network Setting > QoS > Class Setup The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 30 Network Setting > QoS > Class SetupLABELDESCRIPTIONAdd new ClassifierClick this to create a new classifier.Order This field displays the order number of the classifier.StatusThis indicates whether the classifier is active or not.A yellow bulb signifies that this classifier is active. A gray bulb signifies that this classifier is not active.Class NameThis is the name of the classifier.Classification CriteriaThis shows criteria specified in this classifier, for example the interface from which traffic of this class should come and the source MAC address of traffic that matches this classifier.Forward toThis is the interface through which traffic that matches this classifier is forwarded out.DSCP MarkThis is the DSCP number added to traffic of this classifier.802.1p MarkThis is the IEEE 802.1p priority level assigned to traffic of this classifier.To QueueThis is the name of the queue in which traffic of this classifier is put.ModifyClick the Edit icon to edit the classifier.Click the Delete icon to delete an existing classifier. Note that subsequent rules move up by one when you take this action. Chapter 9Quality of Service (QoS)B222s Users Guide899.4.1 Add/Edit QoS Class Click Add new Classifier in the Class Setup screen or the Edit icon next to an existing classifier to configure it.Figure 50 Class Setup: Add/EditThe following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 31 Class Setup: Add/EditLABELDESCRIPTIONClass ConfigurationActiveSelect to enable this classifier.Class NameEnter a descriptive name of up to 32 printable English keyboard characters, including spaces.Classification OrderSelect an existing number for where you want to put this classifier to move the classifier to the number you selected after clicking Apply.Select Last to put this rule in the back of the classifier list. Chapter 9Quality of Service (QoS)B222s Users Guide90Forward to InterfaceSelect a WAN interface through which traffic of this class will be forwarded out. If you select Unchange, the LTE Device forward traffic of this class according to the default routing table.DSCP MarkThis field is available only when you select the Ether Type check box in Criteria Configuration-Basic section.If you select Mark, enter a DSCP value with which the LTE Device replaces the DSCP field in the packets.If you select Unchange, the LTE Device keep the DSCP field in the packets.802.1p MarkSelect a priority level with which the LTE Device replaces the IEEE 802.1p priority field in the packets.If you select Unchange, the LTE Device keep the 802.1p priority field in the packets.To QueueSelect a queue that applies to this class.You should have configured a queue in the Queue Setup screen already.Criteria ConfigurationUse the following fields to configure the criteria for traffic classification.BasicFrom Interface Select whether the traffic class comes from the LAN or a wireless interface.Ether TypeSelect a predefined application to configure a class for the matched traffic.If you select IP, you also need to configure source or destination MAC address, IP address, DHCP options, DSCP value or the protocol type.If you select 8021Q, you can configure an 802.1p priority level in the Others section.SourceMAC AddressSelect the check box and enter the source MAC address of the packet.MAC MaskType the mask for the specified MAC address to determine which bits a packets MAC address should match. Enter f for each bit of the specified source MAC address that the traffics MAC address should match. Enter 0 for the bit(s) of the matched traffics MAC address, which can be of any hexadecimal character(s). For example, if you set the MAC address to 00:13:49:00:00:00 and the mask to ff:ff:ff:00:00:00, a packet with a MAC address of 00:13:49:12:34:56 matches this criteria.IP AddressSelect the check box and enter the source IP address in dotted decimal notation. A blank source IP address means any source IP address. IP Subnet MaskEnter the source subnet mask.Port RangeIf you select TCP or UDP in the IP Protocol field, select the check box and enter the port number(s) of the source. ExcludeSelect this option to exclude the packets that match the specified criteria from this classifier.DestinationMAC AddressSelect the check box and enter the destination MAC address of the packet.MAC MaskType the mask for the specified MAC address to determine which bits a packets MAC address should match. Enter f for each bit of the specified source MAC address that the traffics MAC address should match. Enter 0 for the bit(s) of the matched traffics MAC address, which can be of any hexadecimal character(s). For example, if you set the MAC address to 00:13:49:00:00:00 and the mask to ff:ff:ff:00:00:00, a packet with a MAC address of 00:13:49:12:34:56 matches this criteria.Table 31 Class Setup: Add/Edit (continued)LABELDESCRIPTION Chapter 9Quality of Service (QoS)B222s Users Guide91IP AddressSelect the check box and enter the destination IP address in dotted decimal notation. A blank source IP address means any source IP address. IP Subnet MaskEnter the destination subnet mask.Port RangeIf you select TCP or UDP in the IP Protocol field, select the check box and enter the port number(s) of the source. ExcludeSelect this option to exclude the packets that match the specified criteria from this classifier.Others802.1pThis field is available only when you select 802.1Q in the Ether Type field.Select this option and select a priority level (between 0 and 7) from the drop down list box."0" is the lowest priority level and "7" is the highest.IP ProtocolThis field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field.Select this option and select the protocol (service type) from TCP or UDP. If you select User defined, enter the protocol (service type) number. IP Packet LengthThis field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field.Select this option and enter the minimum and maximum packet length (from 46 to 1504) in the fields provided.DSCPThis field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field.Select this option and specify a DSCP (DiffServ Code Point) number between 0 and 63 in the field provided.TCP ACKThis field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field.If you select this option, the matched TCP packets must contain the ACK (Acknowledge) flag.DHCPThis field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field, and UDP in the IP Protocol field.Select this option and select a DHCP option. If you select Vendor Class ID (DHCP Option 60), enter the Class ID of the matched traffic, such as the type of the hardware or firmware.If you select ClientID (DHCP Option 61), enter the Type of the matched traffic and Client ID of the DHCP client.If you select User Class ID (DHCP Option 77), enter the User Class Data, which is a string that identifies the users category or application type in the matched DHCP packets.If you select VendorSpecificIntro (DHCP Option 125), enter the Enterprise Number of the software of the matched traffic and Vendor Class Data used by all the DHCP clients.ServiceSelect the service classification of the traffic.ExcludeSelect this option to exclude the packets that match the specified criteria from this classifier.ApplyClick Apply to save your changes.BackClick Back to return to the previous screen without saving.Table 31 Class Setup: Add/Edit (continued)LABELDESCRIPTION Chapter 9Quality of Service (QoS)B222s Users Guide929.5 The QoS Monitor Screen To view the LTE Devices QoS packet statistics, click Network Setting > QoS > Monitor. The screen appears as shown. Figure 51 Network Setting > QoS > Monitor The following table describes the labels in this screen. 9.6 QoS Technical ReferenceThis section provides some technical background information about the topics covered in this chapter.Table 32 Network Setting > QoS > MonitorLABELDESCRIPTIONMonitorRefresh IntervalSelect how often you want the LTE Device to update this screen. Select No Refresh to stop refreshing statistics.Status#This is the index number of the entry.NameThis shows the name of the WAN interface on the LTE Device. Pass Rate (bps)This shows how much traffic (bps) forwarded to this interface are transmitted successfully.Queue Monitor#This is the index number of the entry.NameThis shows the name of the queue. Pass Rate (bps)This shows how much traffic (bps) assigned to this queue are transmitted successfully.Drop Rate (bps)This shows how much traffic (bps) assigned to this queue are dropped. Chapter 9Quality of Service (QoS)B222s Users Guide939.6.1 IEEE 802.1pIEEE 802.1p specifies the user priority field and defines up to eight separate traffic types. The following table describes the traffic types defined in the IEEE 802.1d standard (which incorporates the 802.1p). 9.6.2 IP PrecedenceSimilar to IEEE 802.1p prioritization at layer-2, you can use IP precedence to prioritize packets in a layer-3 network. IP precedence uses three bits of the eight-bit ToS (Type of Service) field in the IP header. There are eight classes of services (ranging from zero to seven) in IP precedence. Zero is the lowest priority level and seven is the highest. 9.6.3 DiffServ QoS is used to prioritize source-to-destination traffic flows. All packets in the flow are given the same priority. You can use CoS (class of service) to give different priorities to different packet types.DiffServ (Differentiated Services) is a class of service (CoS) model that marks packets so that they receive specific per-hop treatment at DiffServ-compliant network devices along the route based on the application types and traffic flow. Packets are marked with DiffServ Code Points (DSCPs) indicating the level of service desired. This allows the intermediary DiffServ-compliant network devices to handle the packets differently depending on the code points without the need to negotiate paths or remember state information for every flow. In addition, applications do not have to request a particular service or give advanced notice of where the traffic is going. DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior DiffServ defines a new DS (Differentiated Services) field to replace the Type of Service (TOS) field in the IP header. The DS field contains a 2-bit unused field and a 6-bit DSCP field which can define up to 64 service levels. The following figure illustrates the DS field. Table 33 IEEE 802.1p Priority Level and Traffic TypePRIORITY LEVELTRAFFIC TYPELevel 7Typically used for network control traffic such as router configuration messages.Level 6Typically used for voice traffic that is especially sensitive to jitter (jitter is the variations in delay).Level 5Typically used for video that consumes high bandwidth and is sensitive to jitter.Level 4Typically used for controlled load, latency-sensitive traffic such as SNA (Systems Network Architecture) transactions.Level 3Typically used for excellent effort or better than best effort and would include important business traffic that can tolerate some delay.Level 2This is for spare bandwidth. Level 1This is typically used for non-critical background traffic such as bulk transfers that are allowed but that should not affect other applications and users. Level 0Typically used for best-effort traffic. Chapter 9Quality of Service (QoS)B222s Users Guide94DSCP is backward compatible with the three precedence bits in the ToS octet so that non-DiffServ compliant, ToS-enabled network device will not conflict with the DSCP mapping.The DSCP value determines the forwarding behavior, the PHB (Per-Hop Behavior), that each packet gets across the DiffServ network. Based on the marking rule, different kinds of traffic can be marked for different kinds of forwarding. Resources can then be allocated according to the DSCP values and the configured policies.DSCP (6 bits)Unused (2 bits) B222s Users Guide95CHAPTER 10Network Address Translation (NAT)10.1 Overview NAT (Network Address Translation - NAT, RFC 1631) is the translation of the IP address of a host in a packet, for example, the source address of an outgoing packet, used within one network to a different IP address known within another network.10.1.1 What You Can Do in this ChapterUse the Port Forwarding screen to configure forward incoming service requests to the server(s) on your local network (Section 10.2 on page 96).Use the DMZ screen to vieiw and configure the IP address of your network DMZ. (Section 10.3 on page 99). Use the Sessions screen to limit the number of concurrent NAT sessions each client can use (Section 10.4 on page 99). 10.1.2 What You Need To KnowThe following terms and concepts may help as you read this chapter.Inside/Outside and Global/LocalInside/outside denotes where a host is located relative to the LTE Device, for example, the computers of your subscribers are the inside hosts, while the web servers on the Internet are the outside hosts. Global/local denotes the IP address of a host in a packet as the packet traverses a router, for example, the local address refers to the IP address of a host when the packet is in the local network, while the global address refers to the IP address of the host when the same packet is traveling in the WAN side. NATIn the simplest form, NAT changes the source IP address in a packet received from a subscriber (the inside local address) to another (the inside global address) before forwarding the packet to the WAN side. When the response comes back, NAT translates the destination address (the inside global address) back to the inside local address before forwarding it to the original inside host. Chapter 10Network Address Translation (NAT)B222s Users Guide96Port ForwardingA port forwarding set is a list of inside (behind NAT on the LAN) servers, for example, web or FTP, that you can make visible to the outside world even though NAT makes your whole inside network appear as a single computer to the outside world.Finding Out MoreSee Section 10.5 on page 100 for advanced technical information on NAT.10.2 The Port Forwarding Screen Use the Port Forwarding screen to forward incoming service requests to the server(s) on your local network.You may enter a single port number or a range of port numbers to be forwarded, and the local IP address of the desired server. The port number identifies a service; for example, web service is on port 80 and FTP on port 21. In some cases, such as for unknown services or where one server can support more than one service (for example both FTP and web service), it might be better to specify a range of port numbers. You can allocate a server IP address that corresponds to a port or a range of ports.The most often used port numbers and services are shown in Appendix E on page 249. Please refer to RFC 1700 for further information about port numbers. Note: Many residential broadband ISP accounts do not allow you to run any server processes (such as a Web or FTP server) from your location. Your ISP may periodically check for servers and may suspend your account if it discovers any active services at your location. If you are unsure, refer to your ISP.Configuring Servers Behind Port Forwarding (Example)Let's say you want to assign ports 21-25 to one FTP, Telnet and SMTP server (A in the example), port 80 to another (B in the example) and assign a default server IP address of 10.0.0.35 to a third (C in the example). You assign the LAN IP addresses and the ISP assigns the WAN IP address. The NAT network appears as a single host on the Internet.Figure 52 Multiple Servers Behind NAT ExampleA=10.0.0.33D=10.0.0.36C=10.0.0.35B=10.0.0.34WANLAN10.0.0.1IP Address assigned by ISP Chapter 10Network Address Translation (NAT)B222s Users Guide9710.2.1 The Port Forwarding ScreenClick Network Setting > NAT to open the Port Forwarding screen.See Appendix E on page 249 for port numbers commonly used for particular services. Figure 53 Network Setting > NAT > Port ForwardingThe following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 34 Network Setting > NAT > Port ForwardingLABELDESCRIPTIONAdd new ruleClick this to add a new port forwarding rule.#This is the index number of the entry.StatusThis field indicates whether the rule is active or not.A yellow bulb signifies that this rule is active. A gray bulb signifies that this rule is not active.Service NameThis is the services name. This shows User Defined if you manually added a service. You can change this by clicking the edit icon.WAN InterfaceThis shows the WAN interface through which the service is forwarded.Start Port This is the first external port number that identifies a service.End Port This is the last external port number that identifies a service.Translation Start PortThis is the first internal port number that identifies a service.Translation End PortThis is the last internal port number that identifies a service.Server IP AddressThis is the servers IP address.ProtocolThis shows the IP protocol supported by this virtual server, whether it is TCP, UDP, or TCP/UDP.ModifyClick the Edit icon to edit the port forwarding rule.Click the Delete icon to delete an existing port forwarding rule. Note that subsequent address mapping rules move up by one when you take this action.ApplyClick Apply to save your changes.CancelClick Cancel to restore your previously saved settings. Chapter 10Network Address Translation (NAT)B222s Users Guide9810.2.2 The Port Forwarding Edit ScreenThis screen lets you create or edit a port forwarding rule. Click Add new rule in the Port Forwarding screen or the Edit icon next to an existing rule to open the following screen.Figure 54 Port Forwarding: Add/Edit The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 35 Port Forwarding: Add/EditLABELDESCRIPTIONService NameEnter a name to identify this rule using keyboard characters (A-Z, a-z, 1-2 and so on). WAN InterfaceSelect the WAN interface through which the service is forwarded.Start PortEnter the original destination port for the packets.To forward only one port, enter the port number again in the External End Port field. To forward a series of ports, enter the start port number here and the end port number in the External End Port field.End Port Enter the last port of the original destination port range. To forward only one port, enter the port number in the External Start Port field above and then enter it again in this field. To forward a series of ports, enter the last port number in a series that begins with the port number in the External Start Port field above.Translation Start PortThis shows the port number to which you want the LTE Device to translate the incoming port. For a range of ports, enter the first number of the range to which you want the incoming ports translated.Translation End Port This shows the last port of the translated port range.Server IP AddressEnter the inside IP address of the virtual server here.Protocol TypeSelect the protocol supported by this virtual server. Choices are TCP, UDP, or TCP/UDP.ApplyClick Apply to save your changes.BackClick Back to return to the previous screen without saving. Chapter 10Network Address Translation (NAT)B222s Users Guide9910.3 The DMZ ScreenUse this page to set the IP address of your network DMZ (if you have one) for the LTE Device. All incoming packets received by this LTE Devices WAN interface will be forwarded to the default server you set.Click Network Setting > NAT > DMZ to display the following screen. Note: The configuration you set in this screen takes priority than the Network Setting > NAT > Port Forwarding screen.Figure 55 Network Setting > NAT > DMZThe following table describes the fields in this screen.10.4 The Sessions ScreenUse the Sessions screen to limit the number of concurrent NAT sessions each client can use. Click Network Setting > NAT > Sessions to display the following screen. Figure 56 Network Setting > NAT > SessionsTable 36 Network Setting > NAT > DMZLABELDESCRIPTIONDefault Server AddressEnter the IP address of your network DMZ host, if you have one. 0.0.0.0 means this feature is disabled.ApplyClick Apply to save your changes.CancelClick Cancel to restore your previously saved settings. Chapter 10Network Address Translation (NAT)B222s Users Guide100The following table describes the fields in this screen.10.5 Technical ReferenceThis section provides some technical background information about the topics covered in this chapter.10.5.1 NAT DefinitionsInside/outside denotes where a host is located relative to the LTE Device, for example, the computers of your subscribers are the inside hosts, while the web servers on the Internet are the outside hosts. Global/local denotes the IP address of a host in a packet as the packet traverses a router, for example, the local address refers to the IP address of a host when the packet is in the local network, while the global address refers to the IP address of the host when the same packet is traveling in the WAN side. Note that inside/outside refers to the location of a host, while global/local refers to the IP address of a host used in a packet. Thus, an inside local address (ILA) is the IP address of an inside host in a packet when the packet is still in the local network, while an inside global address (IGA) is the IP address of the same inside host when the packet is on the WAN side. The following table summarizes this information.NAT never changes the IP address (either local or global) of an outside host.Table 37 Network Setting > NAT > SessionsLABELDESCRIPTIONMAX NAT SessionUse this field to set a common limit to the number of concurrent NAT sessions each client computer can have.If only a few clients use peer to peer applications, you can raise this number to improve their performance. With heavy peer to peer application use, lower this number to ensure no single client uses too many of the available NAT sessions.ApplyClick Apply to save your changes.CancelClick Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.Table 38 NAT DefinitionsITEMDESCRIPTIONInsideThis refers to the host on the LAN.OutsideThis refers to the host on the WAN.LocalThis refers to the packet address (source or destination) as the packet travels on the LAN.GlobalThis refers to the packet address (source or destination) as the packet travels on the WAN. Chapter 10Network Address Translation (NAT)B222s Users Guide10110.5.2 What NAT DoesIn the simplest form, NAT changes the source IP address in a packet received from a subscriber (the inside local address) to another (the inside global address) before forwarding the packet to the WAN side. When the response comes back, NAT translates the destination address (the inside global address) back to the inside local address before forwarding it to the original inside host. Note that the IP address (either local or global) of an outside host is never changed.The global IP addresses for the inside hosts can be either static or dynamically assigned by the ISP. In addition, you can designate servers, for example, a web server and a Telnet server, on your local network and make them accessible to the outside world. If you do not define any servers, NAT offers the additional benefit of firewall protection. With no servers defined, your LTE Device filters out all incoming inquiries, thus preventing intruders from probing your network. For more information on IP address translation, refer to RFC 1631, The IP Network Address Translator (NAT).10.5.3 How NAT WorksEach packet has two addresses a source address and a destination address. For outgoing packets, the ILA (Inside Local Address) is the source address on the LAN, and the IGA (Inside Global Address) is the source address on the WAN. For incoming packets, the ILA is the destination address on the LAN, and the IGA is the destination address on the WAN. NAT maps private (local) IP addresses to globally unique ones required for communication with hosts on other networks. It replaces the original IP source address (and TCP or UDP source port numbers for Many-to-One and Many-to-Many Overload NAT mapping) in each packet and then forwards it to the Internet. The LTE Device keeps track of the original addresses and port numbers so incoming reply packets can have their original values restored. The following figure illustrates this.Figure 57 How NAT Works192.168.1.13192.168.1.10192.168.1.11192.168.1.12SA192.168.1.10SAIGA1Inside LocalIP Address192.168.1.10192.168.1.11192.168.1.12192.168.1.13Inside Global IP AddressIGA 1IGA 2IGA 3IGA 4NAT TableWANLANInside LocalAddress (ILA)Inside GlobalAddress (IGA) Chapter 10Network Address Translation (NAT)B222s Users Guide102 B222s Users Guide103CHAPTER 11Dynamic DNS11.1 Overview This chapter discusses how to configure your LTE Device to use Dynamic DNS.Dynamic DNS allows you to update your current dynamic IP address with one or many dynamic DNS services so that anyone can contact you (in applications such as NetMeeting and CU-SeeMe). You can also access your FTP server or Web site on your own computer using a domain name (for instance myhost.dhs.org, where myhost is a name of your choice) that will never change instead of using an IP address that changes each time you reconnect. Your friends or relatives will always be able to call you even if they don't know your IP address.First of all, you need to have registered a dynamic DNS account with www.dyndns.org. This is for people with a dynamic IP from their ISP or DHCP server that would still like to have a domain name. The Dynamic DNS service provider will give you a password or key. 11.1.1 What You Need To KnowDYNDNS WildcardEnabling the wildcard feature for your host causes *.yourhost.dyndns.org to be aliased to the same IP address as yourhost.dyndns.org. This feature is useful if you want to be able to use, for example, www.yourhost.dyndns.org and still reach your hostname.If you have a private WAN IP address, then you cannot use Dynamic DNS. Chapter 11Dynamic DNSB222s Users Guide10411.2 The Dynamic DNS ScreenUse the Dynamic DNS screen to enable DDNS and configure the DDNS settings on the LTE Device. To change your LTE Devices DDNS, click Network Setting > Dynamic DNS. The screen appears as shown. Figure 58 Network Setting > Dynamic DNSThe following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 39 Network Setting > DNSLABELDESCRIPTIONDynamic DNS ConfigurationActive Dynamic DNSSelect this check box to use dynamic DNS.Service ProviderSelect the name of your Dynamic DNS service provider.Dynamic DNS TypeSelect the type of service that you are registered for from your Dynamic DNS service provider.Host NameType the domain name assigned to your LTE Device by your Dynamic DNS provider.You can specify up to two host names in the field separated by a comma (",").User NameType your user name.PasswordType the password assigned to you.ApplyClick Apply to save your changes.CancelClick Cancel to restore your previously saved settings. B222s Users Guide105CHAPTER 12Firewall12.1 OverviewUse the LTE Device firewall screens to enable and configure the firewall that protects your LTE Device and network from attacks by hackers on the Internet and control access to it. By default the firewall:Allows traffic that originates from your LAN and WLAN computers to go to all other networks. Blocks traffic that originates on other networks from going to the LAN and WLAN. The following figure illustrates the default firewall action. User A can initiate an IM (Instant Messaging) session from the LAN to the WAN (1). Return traffic for this session is also allowed (2). However other traffic initiated from the WAN is blocked (3 and 4).Figure 59 Default Firewall Action12.1.1 What You Can Do in this ChapterUse the General screen to enable or disable the LTE Devices firewall (Section 12.2 on page 107).Use the Services screen to view the configured firewall rules and add, edit or remove a firewall rule (Section 12.3 on page 108).Use the Access Control screen to view and configure incoming/outgoing filtering rules (Section 12.4 on page 109). Use the DoS screen to enable or disable Denial of Service (DoS) protection (Section 12.4 on page 109). WANLAN3412A Chapter 12FirewallB222s Users Guide10612.1.2 What You Need to Know DoSDenials of Service (DoS) attacks are aimed at devices and networks with a connection to the Internet. Their goal is not to steal information, but to disable a device or network so users no longer have access to network resources. The ZyXEL Device is pre-configured to automatically detect and thwart all known DoS attacks.FirewallThe LTE Devices firewall feature physically separates the LAN/WLAN and the WAN and acts as a secure gateway for all data passing between the networks.It is designed to protect against Denial of Service (DoS) attacks when activated. The LTE Device's purpose is to allow a private Local Area Network (LAN) to be securely connected to the Internet. The LTE Device can be used to prevent theft, destruction and modification of data, as well as log events, which may be important to the security of your network. The LTE Device is installed between the LAN/WLAN and a broadband modem connecting to the Internet. This allows it to act as a secure gateway for all data passing between the Internet and the LAN.The LTE Device has one Ethernet WAN port and four Ethernet LAN ports, which are used to physically separate the network into two areas.The WAN (Wide Area Network) port attaches to the broadband (cable or DSL) modem to the Internet.The LAN (Local Area Network) port attaches to a network of computers, which needs security from the outside world. These computers will have access to Internet services such as e-mail, FTP and the World Wide Web. However, "inbound access" is not allowed (by default) unless the remote host is authorized to use a specific service.ICMPInternet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is a message control and error-reporting protocol between a host server and a gateway to the Internet. ICMP uses Internet Protocol (IP) datagrams, but the messages are processed by the TCP/IP software and directly apparent to the application user. Finding Out MoreSee Section 12.6 on page 112 for advanced technical information on firewall. Chapter 12FirewallB222s Users Guide10712.2 The General Screen Use this screen to enable or disable the LTE Devices firewall. Click Security > Firewall to open the General screen.Figure 60 Security > Firewall > General The following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 40 Security > Firewall > General LABELDESCRIPTIONFirewallSelect Enable to activate the firewall. The LTE Device performs access control and protects against Denial of Service (DoS) attacks when the firewall is activated.Easy, Medium, HighSelect Easy to have the firewall allow both LAN-to-WAN and WAN-to-LAN traffic to flow through the LTE Device.Select Medium to have the firewall only allow traffic sent from the LAN to the WAN. All traffic sent or access from the WAN will be blocked.Select High to have the firewall only allow Telnet, FTP, HTTP, HTTPS, DNS, POP3, and SMTP traffic sent from the LAN to the WAN. Other traffic will be blocked.ApplyClick Apply to save your changes.CancelClick Cancel to restore your previously saved settings. Chapter 12FirewallB222s Users Guide10812.3 The Services ScreenUse this screen to view the configured service list. To access this screen, click Security > Firewall > Services. You have to configure at least one service in this screen before configuring the Security > Firewall > Access Control > Add New ACL Rule/Edit screen.Figure 61 Security > Firewall > ServicesEach field is described in the following table.12.3.1 The Add New Services Entry ScreenUse this screen to configure a service that you want to use in an ACL rule in the Security > Firewall > Access Control > Add New ACL Rule/Edit screen. To access this screen, click Security > Firewall > Services and then the Add New Serviice Entry button.Figure 62 Security > Firewall > Services > Add New Service EntryTable 41 Security > Firewall > ServicesLABELDESCRIPTIONAdd New Service EntryClick this to define a new service.NameThis is the name of a configured service.TypeThis is the protocol type (TCP, UDP, ICMP or Others) of the service.Port NumberThis displays a range of port numbers that defines the service.ModifyClick the Edit icon to edit the service.Click the Delete icon to delete the service. Note that subsequent rules move up by one when you take this action. Deleting a service rule also deletes the related ACL rules which are configured in the Security > Firewall > Access Control screen. Chapter 12FirewallB222s Users Guide109Each field is described in the following table.12.4 The Access Control ScreenClick Security > Firewall > Access Control to display the following screen. This screen displays a list of the configured incoming or outgoing filtering rules. Figure 63 Security > Firewall > Access ControlEach field is described in the following table.Table 42 Security > Firewall > Services > Add New Service EntryLABELDESCRIPTIONNameType a descriptive name for the service.TypeSelect the protocol type (TCP, UDP or ICMP or Others) of the service.Protocol NumberEnter the protocol number of the service type.Source Port, Destination PortThe source port defines from which port number(s) the service traffic is sent. The destination port defines the port number(s) the destination hosts use to receive the service traffic.Select Single if the service uses one and only one source or destination port, then enter the port number.Select Multiple if the service uses two or more source or destination ports, then enter a port range. For example, suppose you want to define the Gnutella service. Select TCP type and enter a port range of 6345-6349.ApplyClick Apply to save your changes.BackClick Back to exit this screen without saving your changes.Table 43 Security > Firewall > Access ControlLABELDESCRIPTIONRules Storage Space usage(%)This bar shows the percentage of the LTE Devices space has been used. If the usage is almost full, you may need to remove an existing filter rule before you create a new one.Add new ACL ruleClick this to go to add a filter rule for incoming or outgoing IP traffic.NameThis displays the name of the rule.Src IPThis displays the source IP addresses to which this rule applies. Please note that a blank source address is equivalent to Any.Dst IPThis displays the destination IP addresses to which this rule applies. Please note that a blank destination address is equivalent to Any.ServicesThis displays the protocol type and a port range that define the service to which this rule applies. Chapter 12FirewallB222s Users Guide11012.4.1 The Add New ACL Rule/Edit ScreenClick Add New ACL Rule or the Edit icon next to an existing ACL rule in the Access Control screen. The following screen displays.Figure 64 Security > Firewall > Access Control > Add New ACL Rule/EditEach field is described in the following table.PolicyThis field displays whether the rule silently discards packets (DROP), discards packets and sends a TCP reset packet or an ICMP destination-unreachable message to the sender (REJECT) or allows the passage of packets (PERMIT).ModifyClick the Edit icon to edit the rule.Click the Delete icon to delete an existing rule. Note that subsequent rules move up by one when you take this action.Table 43 Security > Firewall > Access Control (continued)LABELDESCRIPTIONTable 44 Security > Firewall > Access Control > Add New ACL Rule/EditLABELDESCRIPTIONFilter NameEnter a descriptive name of up to 16 alphanumeric characters, not including spaces, underscores, and dashes. You must enter the filter name to add an ACL rule. This field is read-only if you are editing the ACL rule.Source Address TypeSelect Single or Range depending on whether you want to enter a single or a range of source IP address(es) to which the ACL rule applies. Select Any to indicate any source IP address.Source IP Address StartEnter an IP address or the starting IP address of the source IP range.Source IP Address EndEnter the ending IP address of the source IP range.Destination Address TypeSelect Single or Range depending on whether you want to enter a single or a range of destination IP address(es) to which the ACL rule applies. Select Any to indicate any destination IP address. Chapter 12FirewallB222s Users Guide11112.5 The DoS ScreenClick Security > Firewall > DoS to display the following screen. Use this screen to enable or disable Denial of Service (DoS) protection. Figure 65 Security > Firewall > DoSDestination IP Address StartEnter an IP address or the starting IP address of the destination IP range.Destination IP Address EndEnter the ending IP address of the destination IP range.Select ProtocolSelect the name of a configured service or select Select Service to define a new service in this screen.ProtocolThis field is available when you select Select Service in Select Protocol.Choose the protocol type (TCP, UDP, ICMP or Others) of the service.Protocol NumberThis field is available when you select Others in Protocol.Enter the protocol number of the service type to which this ACL rule applies.Source PortThis field is displayed only when you select Select Service in Select Protocol and TCP or UDP in Protocol.Select Single or Range and then enter a single port number or the range of port numbers of the source. Select Any to indicate any source port.Destination PortThis field is displayed only when you select Select Service in Select Protocol and TCP or UDP in Protocol.Select Single or Range and then enter a single port number or the range of port numbers of the destination. Select Any to indicate any destination port.PolicyUse the drop-down list box to select whether to silently discard (DROP), deny and send an ICMP destination-unreachable message to the sender of (REJECT) or allow the passage of (PERMIT) packets that match this rule.DirectionUse the drop-down list box to select the direction of traffic to which this rule applies. The possible options are LAN to DEVICE, LAN to WAN, WAN to LAN, and WAN to DEVICE.ApplyClick Apply to save your changes.BackClick Back to exit this screen without saving your changes.Table 44 Security > Firewall > Access Control > Add New ACL Rule/Edit (continued)LABELDESCRIPTION Chapter 12FirewallB222s Users Guide112Each field is described in the following table.12.6 Firewall Technical ReferenceThis section provides some technical background information about the topics covered in this chapter.12.6.1 Guidelines For Enhancing Security With Your Firewall1Change the default password via web configurator.2Think about access control before you connect to the network in any way.3Limit who can access your LTE Device.4Don't enable any local service (such as Telnet or FTP) that you don't use. Any enabled service could present a potential security risk. A determined hacker might be able to find creative ways to misuse the enabled services to access the firewall or the network.5For local services that are enabled, protect against misuse. Protect by configuring the services to communicate only with specific peers, and protect by configuring rules to block packets for the services at specific interfaces.6Keep the firewall in a secured (locked) room.12.6.2 Security ConsiderationsNote: Incorrectly configuring the firewall may block valid access or introduce security risks to the LTE Device and your protected network. Use caution when creating or deleting firewall rules and test your rules after you configure them.Consider these security ramifications before creating a rule:1Does this rule stop LAN users from accessing critical resources on the Internet? For example, if IRC is blocked, are there users that require this service?2Is it possible to modify the rule to be more specific? For example, if IRC is blocked for all users, will a rule that blocks just certain users be more effective?Table 45 Security > Firewall > DoSLABELDESCRIPTIONDoS Protection BlockingDoS (Denial of Service) attacks can flood your Internet connection with invalid packets and connection requests, using so much bandwidth and so many resources that Internet access becomes unavailable. Select Enable to enable protection against DoS attacks or Disable to disable it.ApplyClick Apply to save the DoS Protection settings.CancelClick Cancel to restore your previously saved settings. Chapter 12FirewallB222s Users Guide1133Does a rule that allows Internet users access to resources on the LAN create a security vulnerability? For example, if FTP ports (TCP 20, 21) are allowed from the Internet to the LAN, Internet users may be able to connect to computers with running FTP servers.4Does this rule conflict with any existing rules?Once these questions have been answered, adding rules is simply a matter of entering the information into the correct fields in the web configurator screens. Chapter 12FirewallB222s Users Guide114 B222s Users Guide115CHAPTER 13MAC Filter13.1 OverviewThis chapter discusses MAC address filtering.You can configure the LTE Device to permit access to clients based on their MAC addresses in the MAC Filter screen. This applies to wired and wireless connections.13.1.1 What You Need to KnowEvery Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. You need to know the MAC address of the devices to configure this screen.13.2 The MAC Filter ScreenUse the MAC Filter screen to allow wireless and LAN clients access to the LTE Device. To change your LTE Devices MAC filter settings, click Security > MAC Filter. The screen appears as shown.Figure 66 Security > MAC Filter Chapter 13MAC FilterB222s Users Guide116The following table describes the labels in this menu.Table 46 Security > MAC FilterLABELDESCRIPTIONMAC Address FilterSelect Enable to activate MAC address filtering.SetThis is the index number of the MAC address.Allow Select Allow to permit access to the LTE Device. MAC addresses not listed will be denied access to the LTE Device. If you clear this, the MAC Address field for this set clears.MAC AddressEnter the MAC addresses of the wireless station and LAN devices that are allowed access to the LTE Device in these address fields. Enter the MAC addresses in a valid MAC address format, that is, six hexadecimal character pairs, for example, 12:34:56:78:9a:bc.ApplyClick Apply to save your changes.CancelClick Cancel to restore your previously saved settings. B222s Users Guide117CHAPTER 14Parental Control14.1 OverviewParental control allows you to block web sites with the specific URL. You can also define time periods and days during which the LTE Device performs parental control on a specific user. 14.2 The Parental Control ScreenUse this screen to enable parental control, view the parental control rules and schedules.Click Security > Parental Control to open the following screen. Figure 67 Security > Parental Control The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 47 Parental Control > Parental ControlLABELDESCRIPTIONParental ControlSelect Enable to activate parental control.Add new PCPClick this if you want to configure a new parental control rule.#This shows the index number of the rule.StatusThis indicates whether the rule is active or not.A yellow bulb signifies that this rule is active. A gray bulb signifies that this rule is not active.PCP NameThis shows the name of the rule.Home Network User (MAC)This shows the MAC address of the LAN users computer to which this rule applies.Internet Access ScheduleThis shows the day(s) and time on which parental control is enabled.Network ServiceThis shows whether the network service is configured. If not, None will be shown.Website BlockThis shows whether the website block is configured. If not, None will be shown. Chapter 14Parental ControlB222s Users Guide11814.2.1 Add/Edit a Parental Control RuleClick Add new PCP in the Parental Control screen to add a new rule or click the Edit icon next to an existing rule to edit it. Use this screen to configure a restricted access schedule and/or URL filtering settings to block the users on your network from accessing certain web sites.Figure 68 Add/Edit Parental Control Rule The following table describes the fields in this screen. ModifyClick the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can edit the rule.Click the Delete icon to delete an existing rule.AddClick Add to create a new schedule.ApplyClick Apply to save your changes back to the LTE Device.Table 47 Parental Control > Parental Control (continued)LABELDESCRIPTIONTable 48 Add/Edit Parental Control RuleLABELDESCRIPTIONGeneralActiveSelect the checkbox to activate this parental control rule.Parental Control Profile NameEnter a descriptive name for the rule. Chapter 14Parental ControlB222s Users Guide119Home Network UserSelect the LAN user that you want to apply this rule to from the drop-down list box. If you select Custom, enter the LAN users MAC address. If you select All, the rule applies to all LAN users.Internet Access ScheduleDaySelect check boxes for the days that you want the LTE Device to perform parental control. Start Blocking TimeEnd Blocking TimeEnter the time period of each day, in 24-hour format, during which parental control will be enforced. TimeDrag the time bar to define the time that the LAN user is allowed access. Network ServiceNetwork Service Setting If you select Block, the LTE Device prohibits the users from viewing the Web sites with the URLs listed below.If you select Access, the LTE Device blocks access to all URLs except ones listed below.Add new serviceClick this to show a screen in which you can add a new service rule. You can configure the Service Name, Protocol, and Name of the new rule.#This shows the index number of the rule. Select the checkbox next to the rule to activate it.Service NameThis shows the name of the rule.Protocol:PortThis shows the protocol and the port of the rule.ModifyClick the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can edit the rule.Click the Delete icon to delete an existing rule.Blocked Site/URL KeywordClick Add to show a screen to enter the URL of web site or URL keyword to which the LTE Device blocks access. Click Delete to remove it.ApplyClick this button to save your settings back to the LTE Device.BackClick this button to return to the previous screen without saving any changes.Table 48 Add/Edit Parental Control Rule (continued)LABELDESCRIPTION Chapter 14Parental ControlB222s Users Guide120 B222s Users Guide121CHAPTER 15VoIP15.1 OverviewUse this chapter to:Connect an analog phone to the LTE Device.Make phone calls over the Internet, as well as the regular phone network.Configure settings such as speed dial.Configure network settings to optimize the voice quality of your phone calls.15.1.1 What You Can Do in this ChapterThese screens allow you to configure your LTE Device to make phone calls over the Internet and your regular phone line, and to set up the phones you connect to the LTE Device.Use the SIP Service Provider screen to configure the SIP server information, QoS for VoIP calls, the numbers for certain phone functions (Section 15.2 on page 123). Use the SIP Account screen to set up information about your SIP account, control which SIP accounts the phones connected to the LTE Device use and configure audio settings such as volume levels for the phones connected to the LTE Device (Section 15.3 on page 129).Use the Phone Device screen to control which SIP accounts the phones connected to the LTE Device use (Section 15.5 on page 133).Use the Region screen to change settings that depend on the country you are in (Section 15.6 on page 134).Use the Call Rule screen to set up shortcuts for dialing frequently-used (VoIP) phone numbers (Section 15.7 on page 134).You dont necessarily need to use all these screens to set up your account. In fact, if your service provider did not supply information on a particular field in a screen, it is usually best to leave it at its default setting.15.1.2 What You Need to KnowThe following terms and concepts may help as you read this chapter.VoIPVoIP stands for Voice over IP. IP is the Internet Protocol, which is the message-carrying standard the Internet runs on. So, Voice over IP is the sending of voice signals (speech) over the Internet (or another network that uses the Internet Protocol). Chapter 15VoIPB222s Users Guide122SIPSIP stands for Session Initiation Protocol. SIP is a signalling standard that lets one network device (like a computer or the LTE Device) send messages to another. In VoIP, these messages are about phone calls over the network. For example, when you dial a number on your LTE Device, it sends a SIP message over the network asking the other device (the number you dialed) to take part in the call. SIP AccountsA SIP account is a type of VoIP account. It is an arrangement with a service provider that lets you make phone calls over the Internet. When you set the LTE Device to use your SIP account to make calls, the LTE Device is able to send all the information about the phone call to your service provider on the Internet.Strictly speaking, you dont need a SIP account. It is possible for one SIP device (like the LTE Device) to call another without involving a SIP service provider. However, the networking difficulties involved in doing this make it tremendously impractical under normal circumstances. Your SIP account provider removes these difficulties by taking care of the call routing and setup - figuring out how to get your call to the right place in a way that you and the other person can talk to one another. Voice Activity Detection/Silence SuppressionVoice Activity Detection (VAD) detects whether or not speech is present. This lets the LTE Device reduce the bandwidth that a call uses by not transmitting silent packets when you are not speaking.Comfort Noise GenerationWhen using VAD, the LTE Device generates comfort noise when the other party is not speaking. The comfort noise lets you know that the line is still connected as total silence could easily be mistaken for a lost connection.Echo Cancellation G.168 is an ITU-T standard for eliminating the echo caused by the sound of your voice reverberating in the telephone receiver while you talk.Use this screen to maintain basic information about each SIP account. You can also enable and disable each SIP account, configure the volume, echo cancellation and VAD (Voice Activity Detection) settings for each individual phone port on the LTE Device. How to Find Out MoreSee Chapter 3 on page 33 for a tutorial showing how to set up these screens in an example scenario.See Section on page 135 for advanced technical information on SIP. Chapter 15VoIPB222s Users Guide12315.1.3 Before You BeginBefore you can use these screens, you need to have a VoIP account already set up. If you dont have one yet, you can sign up with a VoIP service provider over the Internet. You should have the information your VoIP service provider gave you ready, before you start to configure the LTE Device.15.2 The SIP Service Provider Screen Use this screen to configure the SIP server information, QoS for VoIP calls, the numbers for certain phone functions and dialing plan. Click VoIP > SIP to open the SIP Service Provider screen. Chapter 15VoIPB222s Users Guide124Note: Click more... to see all the fields in the screen. You dont necessarily need to use all these fields to set up your account. Click hide more to see and configure only the fields needed for this feature. Figure 69 VoIP > SIP > SIP Service Provider Chapter 15VoIPB222s Users Guide125 Chapter 15VoIPB222s Users Guide126The following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 49 VoIP > SIP > SIP Service ProviderLABELDESCRIPTIONSIP Service Provider SelectionService Provider SelectionSelect the SIP service provider profile you want to use for the SIP account you configure in this screen. If you change this field, the screen automatically refreshes. GeneralSIP Service ProviderSelect this if you want the LTE Device to use this SIP provider. Clear it if you do not want the LTE Device to use this SIP provider.SIP Service Provider NameEnter the name of your SIP service provider. SIP Local PortEnter the LTE Devices listening port number, if your VoIP service provider gave you one. Otherwise, keep the default value.Main SIP Server AddressEnter the IP address or domain name of the SIP server provided by your VoIP service provider. You can use up to 95 printable ASCII characters. It does not matter whether the SIP server is a proxy, redirect or register server.SIP Server PortEnter the SIP servers listening port number, if your VoIP service provider gave you one. Otherwise, keep the default value.REGISTER Server AddressEnter the IP address or domain name of the SIP register server, if your VoIP service provider gave you one. Otherwise, enter the same address you entered in the SIP Server Address field. You can use up to 95 printable ASCII characters.REGISTER Server PortEnter the SIP register servers listening port number, if your VoIP service provider gave you one. Otherwise, enter the same port number you entered in the SIP Server Port field.SIP Service DomainEnter the SIP service domain name. In the full SIP URI, this is the part after the @ symbol. You can use up to 127 printable ASCII Extended set characters.RFC SupportPRACK (RFC 3262)RFC 3262 defines a mechanism to provide reliable transmission of SIP provisional response messages, which convey information on the processing progress of the request. This uses the option tag 100rel and the Provisional Response ACKnowledgement (PRACK) method.Select Supported or Required to have the LTE Device include a SIP Require/Supported header field with the option tag 100rel in all INVITE requests. When the LTE Device receives a SIP response message indicating that the phone it called is ringing, the LTE Device sends a PRACK message to have both sides confirm the message is received. If you select Supported, the peer device supports the option tag 100rel to send provisional responses reliably.If you select Required, the peer device requires the option tag 100rel to send provisional responses reliably.Select Disabled to turn off this function. DNS SRV Enabled (RFC 3263)Select this option to have the LTE Device use DNS procedures to resolve the SIP domain and find the SIP servers IP address, port number and supported transport protocol(s).The LTE Device first uses DNS Name Authority Pointer (NAPTR) records to determine the transport protocols supported by the SIP server. It then performs DNS Service (SRV) query to determine the port number for the protocol. The LTE Device resolves the SIP servers IP address by a standard DNS address record lookup.Session Timer (RFC 4028)Select this to have the LTE Device support RFC 4028.This makes sure that SIP sessions do not hang and the SIP line can always be available for use.RTP Port Range Chapter 15VoIPB222s Users Guide127Start PortEnd PortEnter the listening port number(s) for RTP traffic, if your VoIP service provider gave you this information. Otherwise, keep the default values.To enter one port number, enter the port number in the Start Port and End Port fields.To enter a range of ports,enter the port number at the beginning of the range in the Start Port field.enter the port number at the end of the range in the End Port field.DTMF ModeControl how the LTE Device handles the tones that your telephone makes when you push its buttons. You should use the same mode your VoIP service provider uses.RFC2833 - send the DTMF tones in RTP packets.PCM - send the DTMF tones in the voice data stream. This method works best when you are using a codec that does not use compression (like G.711). Codecs that use compression (like G.729 and G.726) can distort the tones.SIP INFO - send the DTMF tones in SIP messages.Transport TypeTransport TypeSelect the transport layer protocol UDP or TCP (usually UDP) used for SIP.FAX OptionThis field controls how the LTE Device handles fax messages.G711 Fax PassthroughSelect this if the LTE Device should use G.711 to send fax messages. The peer devices must also use G.711.T38 Fax RelaySelect this if the LTE Device should send fax messages as UDP or TCP/IP packets through IP networks. This provides better quality, but it may have inter-operability problems. The peer devices must also use T.38.Outbound ProxyEnableSelect this if your VoIP service provider has a SIP outbound server to handle voice calls. This allows the LTE Device to work with any type of NAT router and eliminates the need for STUN or a SIP ALG. Turn off any SIP ALG on a NAT router in front of the LTE Device to keep it from re-translating the IP address (since this is already handled by the outbound proxy server).Server AddressEnter the IP address or domain name of the SIP outbound proxy server. Server PortEnter the SIP outbound proxy servers listening port, if your VoIP service provider gave you one. Otherwise, keep the default value.QoS TagSIP TOS Priority SettingEnter the DSCP (DiffServ Code Point) number for SIP message transmissions. The LTE Device creates Class of Service (CoS) priority tags with this number to SIP traffic that it transmits.RTP TOS Priority SettingEnter the DSCP (DiffServ Code Point) number for RTP voice transmissions. The LTE Device creates Class of Service (CoS) priority tags with this number to RTP traffic that it transmits.Timer SettingExpiration DurationEnter the number of seconds your SIP account is registered with the SIP register server before it is deleted. The LTE Device automatically tries to re-register your SIP account when one-half of this time has passed. (The SIP register server might have a different expiration.)Register Re-send timerEnter the number of seconds the LTE Device waits before it tries again to register the SIP account, if the first try failed or if there is no response.Session ExpiresEnter the number of seconds the LTE Device lets a SIP session remain idle (without traffic) before it automatically disconnects the session.Table 49 VoIP > SIP > SIP Service Provider (continued)LABELDESCRIPTION Chapter 15VoIPB222s Users Guide128Min-SEEnter the minimum number of seconds the LTE Device lets a SIP session remain idle (without traffic) before it automatically disconnects the session. When two SIP devices start a SIP session, they must agree on an expiration time for idle sessions. This field is the shortest expiration time that the LTE Device accepts.Dialing Interval SelectionDialing Interval SelectionEnter the number of seconds the LTE Device should wait after you stop dialing numbers before it makes the phone call. The value depends on how quickly you dial phone numbers.Phone Key ConfigUse this section to customize the phone keypad combinations you use to access certain features on the LTE Device.Call ReturnThis code is used to turn the call return feature on. With call return, you can place a call to the last number that called you (either answered or missed).Caller Display CallThis code is used to display the caller ID for outgoing calls.Caller Hidden CallThis code is used to hide the caller ID for outgoing calls.One Shot Caller Display CallThis code is used to display the caller ID only for the phone call your are going to make.One Shot Caller Hidden CallThis code is used to hide the caller ID only for the phone call your are going to make.Call Waiting EnableThis code is used to turn the Call Waiting feature on. With call waiting, you hear a special beep notifying another incoming call while you are answering a call. It allows you to place the first incoming call on hold and answer the second call so that you wont miss any important calls.Call Waiting DisableThis code is used to turn the Call Waiting feature off.One Shot Call Waiting EnableThis code is used to enable call waiting only for the phone call your are going to make. See the description for the Call Waiting Enable field for more information.One Shot Call Waiting DisableThis code is used to disable one shot call waiting.Internal CallThis code is used to enable internal calls that allows you to call from one phone to another phone connected to the LTE Device.Call TransferThis code is used to enable call transfer that allows you to transfer an incoming call (that you have answered) to another phone.Unconditional Call Forward EnableThis code is used to enable unconditional call forwarding. Incoming calls are always forwarded to a specified number without any condition.Unconditional Call Forward DisableThis code is used to disable unconditional call forwarding.No Answer Call Forward EnableThis code is used to enable call forwarding when there is no answer at a SIP number.No Answer Call Forward DisableThis code is used to disable call forwarding when there is no answer at a SIP number.Call Forward When Busy EnableThis code is used to enable call forwarding when the phone is busy.Call Forward When Busy DisableThis code is used to disable call forwarding when the phone is busy.Do Not Disturb EnableThis code is used to turn the Do Not Disturb feature on. This has the LTE Device not forward calls to the phone line.Table 49 VoIP > SIP > SIP Service Provider (continued)LABELDESCRIPTION Chapter 15VoIPB222s Users Guide12915.3 The SIP Account ScreenThe LTE Device uses a SIP account to make outgoing VoIP calls and check if an incoming calls destination number matches your SIP accounts SIP number. In order to make or receive a VoIP call, you need to enable and configure a SIP account, and map it to a phone port. The SIP account contains information that allows your LTE Device to connect to your VoIP service provider. See Section 15.3 on page 129 for how to map a SIP account to a phone port.To access the following screen, click VoIP > SIP > SIP Account.Figure 70 VoIP > SIP > SIP AccountThe following table describes the labels in this screen.Do Not Disturb DisableThis code is used to turn the Do Not Disturb feature off.ApplyClick Apply to save your changes.CancelClick Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.Table 49 VoIP > SIP > SIP Service Provider (continued)LABELDESCRIPTIONTable 50 VoIP > SIP > SIP AccountLABELDESCRIPTION#This is the index number of the entry.ActiveThis shows whether the SIP account is activated or not.A yellow bulb signifies that this SIP account is activated. A gray bulb signifies that this SIP account is activated.SIP Account This shows the name of the SIP account.SIP Service ProviderThis shows the name of the SIP service provider.Account No.This shows the SIP number.ModifyClick the Edit icon to configure the SIP account.Click the Delete icon to delete this SIP account from the LTE Device. Chapter 15VoIPB222s Users Guide13015.3.1 Add/Edit SIP AccountYou can configure a new SIP account or edit one. To access this screen, click Add new SIP Account in the SIP Account screen or Edit icon next to an existing account. Figure 71 SIP Account: Add/Edit Chapter 15VoIPB222s Users Guide131Each field is described in the following table.Table 51 SIP Account: EditLABELDESCRIPTIONSIP Service Provider SelectionService Provider SelectionSelect the SIP service provider profile you want to use for the SIP account you configure in this screen.This field is view-only if you are editing the SIP account.SIP Account SelectionSIP Account SelectionThis shows the SIP account you are configuring.GeneralSIP AccountSelect the Active SIP Account check box if you want to use this account. Clear it if you do not want to use this account.SIP Account NumberEnter your SIP number. In the full SIP URI, this is the part before the @ symbol. You can use up to 127 printable ASCII characters.AuthenticationUsernameEnter the user name for registering this SIP account, exactly as it was given to you. You can use up to 95 printable ASCII characters.PasswordEnter the password for registering this SIP account, exactly as it was given to you. You can use up to 95 printable ASCII characters.URL TypeURL TypeSelect whether or not to include the SIP service domain name when the LTE Device sends the SIP number.SIP - include the SIP service domain name.TEL - do not include the SIP service domain name.Voice FeaturesPrimary Compression TypeSecondary Compression TypeThird Compression TypeSelect the type of voice coder/decoder (codec) that you want the LTE Device to use. G.711 provides higher voice quality but requires more bandwidth (64 kbps).G.711MuLaw is typically used in North America and Japan.G.711ALaw is typically used in Europe.G.729 only requires 8 kbps.G.726-32 operates at 16, 24, 32 or 40 kbps.G.722 operates at 48, 56 and 64 kbps.The LTE Device must use the same codec as the peer. When two SIP devices start a SIP session, they must agree on a codec.Select the LTE Devices first choice for voice coder/decoder.Select the LTE Devices second choice for voice coder/decoder. Select None if you only want the LTE Device to accept the first choice.Select the LTE Devices third choice for voice coder/decoder. Select None if you only want the LTE Device to accept the first or second choice.Speaking Volume Control Enter the loudness that the LTE Device uses for speech that it sends to the peer device. Minimum is the quietest, and Maximum is the loudest.Listening Volume Control Enter the loudness that the LTE Device uses for speech that it receives from the peer device.Minimum is the quietest, and Maximum is the loudest.Active G.168 (Echo Cancellation) Select this if you want to eliminate the echo caused by the sound of your voice reverberating in the telephone receiver while you talk. Chapter 15VoIPB222s Users Guide13215.4 Multiple SIP Accounts You can set up two SIP accounts on your LTE Device and your LTE Device is equipped with two phone ports. By default, SIP1 of the LTE Device maps to phone port 1 for incoming and outgoing, and SIP2 maps to phone port 2 for incoming and outgoing.Active VAD (Voice Active Detector)Select this if the LTE Device should stop transmitting when you are not speaking. This reduces the bandwidth the LTE Device uses.Call Features Send Caller ID Select this if you want to send identification when you make VoIP phone calls. Clear this if you do not want to send identification.Active Call TransferSelect this to enable call transfer on the LTE Device. This allows you to transfer an incoming call (that you have answered) to another phone.Active Call WaitingSelect this to enable call waiting on the LTE Device. This allows you to place a call on hold while you answer another incoming call on the same telephone (directory) number.Active Call Waiting Reject TimeSpecify a time of seconds that the LTE Device waits before rejecting the second call if you do not answer it.Active Unconditional Forward Select this if you want the LTE Device to forward all incoming calls to the specified phone number. Specify the phone number in the To Number field on the right.Active Busy ForwardSelect this if you want the LTE Device to forward incoming calls to the specified phone number if the phone port is busy. Specify the phone number in the To Number field on the right.If you have call waiting, the incoming call is forwarded to the specified phone number if you reject or ignore the second incoming call.Active No Answer ForwardSelect this if you want the LTE Device to forward incoming calls to the specified phone number if the call is unanswered. (See No Answer Time.)Specify the phone number in the To Number field on the right.No Answer Ring TimeThis field is used by the Active No Answer Forward feature.Enter the number of seconds the LTE Device should wait for you to answer an incoming call before it considers the call is unanswered.Hot Line/Warm Line EnableEnable Warm Line or Hot Line feature on the LTE Device. A hot line or warm line number is a phone number.Hot Line/Warm Line numberEnter the number to be dialed once the phone is off the hook immediately (Hot Line) or after the time the phone remains off the hook has surpassed the delay period (Warm Line).Warm Line Timer (sec)Enter the duration the phone can remain off the hook before automatically dialing the warm line number. You can set the delay from 1 to 15 seconds.Active Anonymous Call BlockSelect this if you do not want the phone to ring when someone tries to call you with caller ID deactivated.ApplyClick Apply to save your changes.BackClick Back to return to the previous screen without saving.Table 51 SIP Account: Edit (continued)LABELDESCRIPTION Chapter 15VoIPB222s Users Guide13315.5 Phone Screen Use this screen to control which SIP accounts the phone uses. Click VoIP > Phone to access the Phone Device screen.Figure 72 VoIP > Phone > Phone DeviceThe following table describes the labels in this screen.15.5.1 Edit Phone DeviceYou can decide which SIP accounts the phone connected to the LTE Device use by clicking the Edit icon next to a Phone ID. The following screen displays. You cannot edit the account if it is not activated. Go to VoIP > SIP > SIP Account > Edit to activate a SIP account (see Section 15.3 on page 129 for more information). Figure 73 Phone Device: EditThe following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 52 VoIP > Phone > Phone DeviceLABELDESCRIPTION#This is the index number of the entry.Phone IDThis is the phone device number.Outgoing SIP NumberThis is the outgoing SIP number of the phone device.ModifyClick the Edit icon to configure the SIP account.Table 53 Phone Device: EditLABELDESCRIPTIONSIP Account to Make Outgoing CallSIP Account Select the SIP account you want to use when making outgoing calls with the analog phone connected to this phone port. SIP NumberThis shows the SIP account number.SIP Account(s) to Receive Incoming Call Chapter 15VoIPB222s Users Guide13415.6 The Phone Region ScreenUse this screen to maintain settings that depend on which region of the world the LTE Device is in. To access this screen, click VoIP > Phone > Region.Figure 74 VoIP > Phone > RegionEach field is described in the following table.15.7 The Call Rule ScreenUse this screen to add, edit, or remove speed-dial numbers for outgoing calls. Speed dial provides shortcuts for dialing frequently-used (VoIP) phone numbers. You also have to create speed-dial entries if you want to call SIP numbers that contain letters. Once you have configured a speed dial SIP AccountSelect a SIP account if you want to receive phone calls for the selected SIP account on this phone port.If you select more than one SIP account for incoming calls, there is no way to distinguish between them when you receive phone calls. If you do not select a source for incoming calls, you cannot receive any calls on this phone port.SIP NumberThis shows the SIP account number.ApplyClick Apply to save your changes.BackClick Back to return to the previous screen without saving.Table 53 Phone Device: Edit (continued)LABELDESCRIPTIONTable 54 VoIP > Phone > RegionLABELDESCRIPTIONRegion SettingsSelect the place in which the LTE Device is located.Call Service ModeSelect the mode for supplementary phone services (call hold, call waiting, call transfer and three-way conference calls) that your VoIP service provider supports.Europe Type - use supplementary phone services in European mode.USA Type - use supplementary phone services American mode.You might have to subscribe to these services to use them. Contact your VoIP service provider.ApplyClick this to save your changes and to apply them to the LTE Device.CancelClick this to set every field in this screen to its last-saved value. Chapter 15VoIPB222s Users Guide135rule, you can use a shortcut (the speed dial number, #01 for example) on your phone's keypad to call the phone number. To access this screen, click VoIP > Call Rule.Figure 75 VoIP > Call RuleEach field is described in the following table.Table 55 VoIP > Call RuleLABELDESCRIPTIONSpeed DialUse this section to create or edit speed-dial entries.#Select the speed-dial number you want to use for this phone number.NumberEnter the SIP number you want the LTE Device to call when you dial the speed-dial number.DescriptionEnter a short description to identify the party you call when you dial the speed-dial number. You can use up to 127 printable ASCII characters.AddClick this to use the information in the Speed Dial section to update the Speed Dial Phone Book section.Phone BookUse this section to look at all the speed-dial entries and to erase them.#This field displays the speed-dial number you should dial to use this entry.NumberThis field displays the SIP number the LTE Device calls when you dial the speed-dial number.DescriptionThis field displays a short description of the party you call when you dial the speed-dial number.ModifyUse this field to edit or erase the speed-dial entry.Click the Edit icon to copy the information for this speed-dial entry into the Speed Dial section, where you can change it. Click Add when you finish editing to change the configurations.Click the Delete icon to erase this speed-dial entry.ClearClick this to erase all the speed-dial entries.CancelClick this to set every field in this screen to its last-saved value. Chapter 15VoIPB222s Users Guide13615.8 Technical ReferenceThis section contains background material relevant to the VoIP screens.15.8.1 VoIP VoIP is the sending of voice signals over Internet Protocol. This allows you to make phone calls and send faxes over the Internet at a fraction of the cost of using the traditional circuit-switched telephone network. You can also use servers to run telephone service applications like PBX services and voice mail. Internet Telephony Service Provider (ITSP) companies provide VoIP service. Circuit-switched telephone networks require 64 kilobits per second (Kbps) in each direction to handle a telephone call. VoIP can use advanced voice coding techniques with compression to reduce the required bandwidth. 15.8.2 SIPThe Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is an application-layer control (signaling) protocol that handles the setting up, altering and tearing down of voice and multimedia sessions over the Internet.SIP signaling is separate from the media for which it handles sessions. The media that is exchanged during the session can use a different path from that of the signaling. SIP handles telephone calls and can interface with traditional circuit-switched telephone networks.SIP IdentitiesA SIP account uses an identity (sometimes referred to as a SIP address). A complete SIP identity is called a SIP URI (Uniform Resource Identifier). A SIP account's URI identifies the SIP account in a way similar to the way an e-mail address identifies an e-mail account. The format of a SIP identity is SIP-Number@SIP-Service-Domain.SIP NumberThe SIP number is the part of the SIP URI that comes before the @ symbol. A SIP number can use letters like in an e-mail address (johndoe@your-ITSP.com for example) or numbers like a telephone number (1122334455@VoIP-provider.com for example).SIP Service DomainThe SIP service domain of the VoIP service provider is the domain name in a SIP URI. For example, if the SIP address is 1122334455@VoIP-provider.com, then VoIP-provider.com is the SIP service domain.SIP RegistrationEach LTE Device is an individual SIP User Agent (UA). To provide voice service, it has a public IP address for SIP and RTP protocols to communicate with other servers. A SIP user agent has to register with the SIP registrar and must provide information about the users it represents, as well as its current IP address (for the routing of incoming SIP requests). Chapter 15VoIPB222s Users Guide137After successful registration, the SIP server knows that the users (identified by their dedicated SIP URIs) are represented by the UA, and knows the IP address to which the SIP requests and responses should be sent.Registration is initiated by the User Agent Client (UAC) running in the VoIP gateway (the LTE Device). The gateway must be configured with information letting it know where to send the REGISTER message, as well as the relevant user and authorization data. A SIP registration has a limited lifespan. The User Agent Client must renew its registration within this lifespan. If it does not do so, the registration data will be deleted from the SIP registrar's database and the connection broken.The LTE Device attempts to register all enabled subscriber ports when it is switched on. When you enable a subscriber port that was previously disabled, the LTE Device attempts to register the port immediately.Authorization Requirements SIP registrations (and subsequent SIP requests) require a username and password for authorization. These credentials are validated via a challenge / response system using the HTTP digest mechanism (as detailed in RFC3261, "SIP: Session Initiation Protocol").SIP ServersSIP is a client-server protocol. A SIP client is an application program or device that sends SIP requests. A SIP server responds to the SIP requests. When you use SIP to make a VoIP call, it originates at a client and terminates at a server. A SIP client could be a computer or a SIP phone. One device can act as both a SIP client and a SIP server. SIP User Agent A SIP user agent can make and receive VoIP telephone calls. This means that SIP can be used for peer-to-peer communications even though it is a client-server protocol. In the following figure, either A or B can act as a SIP user agent client to initiate a call. A and B can also both act as a SIP user agent to receive the call.Figure 76 SIP User AgentSIP Proxy ServerA SIP proxy server receives requests from clients and forwards them to another server.In the following example, you want to use client device A to call someone who is using client device C. 1The client device (A in the figure) sends a call invitation to the SIP proxy server B.AB Chapter 15VoIPB222s Users Guide1382The SIP proxy server forwards the call invitation to C.Figure 77 SIP Proxy ServerSIP Redirect ServerA SIP redirect server accepts SIP requests, translates the destination address to an IP address and sends the translated IP address back to the device that sent the request. Then the client device that originally sent the request can send requests to the IP address that it received back from the redirect server. Redirect servers do not initiate SIP requests. In the following example, you want to use client device A to call someone who is using client device C. 1Client device A sends a call invitation for C to the SIP redirect server B.2The SIP redirect server sends the invitation back to A with Cs IP address (or domain name).BAC12 Chapter 15VoIPB222s Users Guide1393Client device A then sends the call invitation to client device C.Figure 78 SIP Redirect ServerSIP Register ServerA SIP register server maintains a database of SIP identity-to-IP address (or domain name) mapping. The register server checks your user name and password when you register. RTPWhen you make a VoIP call using SIP, the RTP (Real time Transport Protocol) is used to handle voice data transfer. See RFC 3550 for details on RTP.Pulse Code ModulationPulse Code Modulation (PCM) measures analog signal amplitudes at regular time intervals and converts them into bits.SIP Call ProgressionThe following figure displays the basic steps in the setup and tear down of a SIP call. A calls B. Table 56 SIP Call ProgressionAB1. INVITE2. Ringing3. OK4. ACK 5.Dialogue (voice traffic)6. BYE7. OK123ABC Chapter 15VoIPB222s Users Guide1401A sends a SIP INVITE request to B. This message is an invitation for B to participate in a SIP telephone call. 2B sends a response indicating that the telephone is ringing.3B sends an OK response after the call is answered. 4A then sends an ACK message to acknowledge that B has answered the call. 5Now A and B exchange voice media (talk). 6After talking, A hangs up and sends a BYE request. 7B replies with an OK response confirming receipt of the BYE request and the call is terminated.Voice CodingA codec (coder/decoder) codes analog voice signals into digital signals and decodes the digital signals back into analog voice signals. The LTE Device supports the following codecs.G.711 is a Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) waveform codec. PCM measures analog signal amplitudes at regular time intervals and converts them into digital samples. G.711 provides very good sound quality but requires 64 kbps of bandwidth.G.726 is an Adaptive Differential PCM (ADPCM) waveform codec that uses a lower bitrate than standard PCM conversion. ADPCM converts analog audio into digital signals based on the difference between each audio sample and a prediction based on previous samples. The more similar the audio sample is to the prediction, the less space needed to describe it. G.726 operates at 16, 24, 32 or 40 kbps. G.729 is an Analysis-by-Synthesis (AbS) hybrid waveform codec that uses a filter based on information about how the human vocal tract produces sounds. G.729 provides good sound quality and reduces the required bandwidth to 8 kbps.MWI (Message Waiting Indication)Enable Message Waiting Indication (MWI) enables your phone to give you a messagewaiting (beeping) dial tone when you have a voice message(s). Your VoIP service provider must have a messaging system that sends message waiting status SIP packets as defined in RFC 3842.15.8.3 Quality of Service (QoS)Quality of Service (QoS) refers to both a network's ability to deliver data with minimum delay, and the networking methods used to provide bandwidth for real-time multimedia applications. Type of Service (ToS)Network traffic can be classified by setting the ToS (Type of Service) values at the data source (for example, at the LTE Device) so a server can decide the best method of delivery, that is the least cost, fastest route and so on. Chapter 15VoIPB222s Users Guide141DiffServDiffServ is a class of service (CoS) model that marks packets so that they receive specific per-hop treatment at DiffServ-compliant network devices along the route based on the application types and traffic flow. Packets are marked with DiffServ Code Points (DSCP) indicating the level of service desired. This allows the intermediary DiffServ-compliant network devices to handle the packets differently depending on the code points without the need to negotiate paths or remember state information for every flow. In addition, applications do not have to request a particular service or give advanced notice of where the traffic is going.3DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior DiffServ defines a new DS (Differentiated Services) field to replace the Type of Service (TOS) field in the IP header. The DS field contains a 2-bit unused field and a 6-bit DSCP field which can define up to 64 service levels. The following figure illustrates the DS field. DSCP is backward compatible with the three precedence bits in the ToS octet so that non-DiffServ compliant, ToS-enabled network device will not conflict with the DSCP mapping. Figure 79 DiffServ: Differentiated Service FieldThe DSCP value determines the forwarding behavior, the PHB (Per-Hop Behavior), that each packet gets across the DiffServ network. Based on the marking rule, different kinds of traffic can be marked for different priorities of forwarding. Resources can then be allocated according to the DSCP values and the configured policies.15.8.4 Phone Services OverviewSupplementary services such as call hold, call waiting, and call transfer. are generally available from your VoIP service provider. The LTE Device supports the following services:Call HoldCall WaitingMaking a Second CallCall TransferThree-Way ConferenceInternal CallsDo not DisturbNote: To take full advantage of the supplementary phone services available through the LTE Device's phone ports, you may need to subscribe to the services from your VoIP service provider.3.The LTE Device does not support DiffServ at the time of writing.DSCP(6-bit)Unused(2-bit) Chapter 15VoIPB222s Users Guide142The Flash KeyFlashing means to press the hook for a short period of time (a few hundred milliseconds) before releasing it. On newer telephones, there should be a "flash" key (button) that generates the signal electronically. If the flash key is not available, you can tap (press and immediately release) the hook by hand to achieve the same effect. However, using the flash key is preferred since the timing is much more precise. With manual tapping, if the duration is too long, it may be interpreted as hanging up by the LTE Device.You can invoke all the supplementary services by using the flash key. Europe Type Supplementary Phone ServicesThis section describes how to use supplementary phone services with the Europe Type Call Service Mode. Commands for supplementary services are listed in the table below.After pressing the flash key, if you do not issue the sub-command before the default sub-command time-out (2 seconds) expires or issue an invalid sub-command, the current operation will be aborted.European Call HoldCall hold allows you to put a call (A) on hold by pressing the flash key. If you have another call, press the flash key and then 2 to switch back and forth between caller A and B by putting either one on hold.Press the flash key and then 0 to disconnect the call presently on hold and keep the current call on line.Press the flash key and then 1 to disconnect the current call and resume the call on hold.If you hang up the phone but a caller is still on hold, there will be a remind ring.Table 57 European Flash Key CommandsCOMMANDSUB-COMMANDDESCRIPTIONFlash Put a current call on hold to place a second call.Switch back to the call (if there is no second call).Flash0Drop the call presently on hold or reject an incoming call which is waiting for answer.Flash1Disconnect the current phone connection and answer the incoming call or resume with caller presently on hold.Flash21. Switch back and forth between two calls.2. Put a current call on hold to answer an incoming call.3. Separate the current three-way conference call into two individual calls (one is on-line, the other is on hold).Flash3Create three-way conference connection.Flash *98#Transfer the call to another phone. Chapter 15VoIPB222s Users Guide143European Call Waiting This allows you to place a call on hold while you answer another incoming call on the same telephone (directory) number. If there is a second call to a telephone number, you will hear a call waiting tone. Take one of the following actions.Reject the second call.Press the flash key and then press 0.Disconnect the first call and answer the second call.Either press the flash key and press 1, or just hang up the phone and then answer the phone after it rings.Put the first call on hold and answer the second call.Press the flash key and then 2.European Call TransferDo the following to transfer a call (that you have answered) to another phone number.1Press the flash key to put the caller on hold.2When you hear the dial tone, dial *98# followed by the number to which you want to transfer the call. to operate the Intercom.3After you hear the ring signal or the second party answers it, hang up the phone.European Three-Way ConferenceUse the following steps to make three-way conference calls.1When you are on the phone talking to someone, press the flash key to put the call on hold and get a dial tone. 2Dial a phone number directly to make another call.3When the second call is answered, press the flash key and press 3 to create a three-way conversation.4Hang up the phone to drop the connection.5If you want to separate the activated three-way conference into two individual connections (one is on-line, the other is on hold), press the flash key and press 2. Chapter 15VoIPB222s Users Guide144 B222s Users Guide145CHAPTER 16Logs16.1 Overview The web configurator allows you to choose which categories of events and/or alerts to have the LTE Device log and then display the logs or have the LTE Device send them to an administrator (as e-mail) or to a syslog server. 16.1.1 What You Can Do in this ChapterUse the System Log screen to see the system logs for the categories that you select (Section 16.2 on page 146).Use the Phone Log screen to view phone logs and alert messages (Section 16.3 on page 147).Use The VoIP Call History screen to view the details of the calls performed on the LTE Device (Section 16.4 on page 147).16.1.2 What You Need To KnowThe following terms and concepts may help as you read this chapter.Alerts and LogsAn alert is a type of log that warrants more serious attention. They include system errors, attacks (access control) and attempted access to blocked web sites. Some categories such as System Errors consist of both logs and alerts. You may differentiate them by their color in the View Log screen. Alerts display in red and logs display in black.Syslog Overview The syslog protocol allows devices to send event notification messages across an IP network to syslog servers that collect the event messages. A syslog-enabled device can generate a syslog message and send it to a syslog server.Syslog is defined in RFC 3164. The RFC defines the packet format, content and system log related information of syslog messages. Each syslog message has a facility and severity level. The syslog facility identifies a file in the syslog server. Refer to the documentation of your syslog program for details. The following table describes the syslog severity levels. Table 58 Syslog Severity LevelsCODESEVERITY0Emergency (EMERG): The system is unusable.1Alert (ALERT): Action must be taken immediately.2Critical (CRIT): The system condition is critical. Chapter 16LogsB222s Users Guide14616.2 The System Log Screen Click System Monitor > Log to open the System Log screen. Use the System Log screen to see the system logs for the categories that you select in the upper left drop-down list box. Figure 80 System Monitor > Log > System LogThe following table describes the fields in this screen. 3Error (ERROR): There is an error condition on the system.4Warning (WARNING): There is a warning condition on the system.5Notice (NOTICE): There is a normal but significant condition on the system.6Informational (INFO): The syslog contains an informational message.7Debug (DEBUG): The message is intended for debug-level purposes.Table 58 Syslog Severity LevelsCODESEVERITYTable 59 System Monitor > Log > System LogLABELDESCRIPTIONSelect the type of the logs that you want to search in the first drop-down list box.Level Select a severity level from this drop-down list box. This filters search results according to the severity level you have selected. When you select a severity, the LTE Device searches through all logs of that severity or higher. See Table 58 on page 145 for more information about severity levels.RefreshClick this to renew the log screen. Clear LogsClick this to delete all the logs. #This field is a sequential value and is not associated with a specific entry.Time This field displays the date and time the log was recorded. LevelThis field displays the severity level of the logs that the device is to send to this syslog server.MessageThis field states the reason for the log. Chapter 16LogsB222s Users Guide14716.3 The Phone Log ScreenClick System Monitor > Log to open the Phone Log screen. Use this screen to view phone logs and alert messages. You can select the type of log and level of severity to display. Figure 81 System Monitor > Log > Phone LogThe following table describes the fields in this screen. 16.4 The VoIP Call History ScreenClick System Monitor > Log > VoIP Call History to open the VoIP Call History screen. Use this screen to see the details of the calls performed on the LTE Device. Figure 82 System Monitor > Log > VoIP Call HistoryTable 60 System Monitor > Log > Phone LogLABELDESCRIPTIONSelect a category of logs to view from the drop-down list box. select All Logs to view all logs. Level Select the severity level that you want to view.RefreshClick this to renew the log screen. Clear Logs Click this to delete all the logs. #This field is a sequential value and is not associated with a specific entry.Time This field displays the time the log was recorded. LevelThis field displays the severity level of the logs that the device is to send to this syslog server.MessageThis field states the reason for the log. Chapter 16LogsB222s Users Guide148The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 61 System Monitor > Log > VoIP Call HistoryLABELDESCRIPTIONSelect a category of call records to view from the drop-down list box. select All Call History to view all call records. RefreshClick this to renew the log screen. Clear Logs Click this to delete all the logs. #This field is a sequential value and is not associated with a specific entry.TimeThis field displays the time the call was recorded. Local NumberThis field displays the phone number you used to make or receive this call.Peer NumberThis field displays the phone number you called or from which this call is made.InterfaceThis field displays the type of the call.DurationThis field displays how long the call lasted. B222s Users Guide149CHAPTER 17Traffic Status17.1 OverviewUse the Traffic Status screens to look at network traffic status and statistics of the WAN, LAN interfaces and NAT. 17.1.1 What You Can Do in this ChapterUse the WAN screen to view the WAN traffic statistics (Section 17.2 on page 149) .Use the LAN screen to view the LAN traffic statistics (Section 17.3 on page 150).Use the NAT screen to view the NAT status of the LTE Devices client(s) (Section 17.4 on page 151).Use the VoIP Status screen to view the VoIP traffic statistics (Section 17.5 on page 152).17.2 The WAN Status Screen Click System Monitor > Traffic Status to open the WAN screen. You can view the WAN traffic statistics in this screen.Figure 83 System Monitor > Traffic Status > WANThe following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 62 System Monitor > Traffic Status > WANLABELDESCRIPTIONStatusThis shows the number of bytes received and sent through the WAN interface of the LTE Device.Refresh IntervalSelect how often you want the LTE Device to update this screen from the drop-down list box. Chapter 17Traffic StatusB222s Users Guide15017.3 The LAN Status ScreenClick System Monitor > Traffic Status > LAN to open the following screen. You can view the LAN traffic statistics in this screen.Figure 84 System Monitor > Traffic Status > LANThe following table describes the fields in this screen. Connected Interface This shows the name of the WAN interface that is currently connected.Packets Sent Data This indicates the number of transmitted packets on this interface.ErrorThis indicates the number of frames with errors transmitted on this interface.DropThis indicates the number of outgoing packets dropped on this interface.Packets ReceivedData This indicates the number of received packets on this interface.ErrorThis indicates the number of frames with errors received on this interface.DropThis indicates the number of received packets dropped on this interface.Table 62 System Monitor > Traffic Status > WAN (continued)LABELDESCRIPTIONTable 63 System Monitor > Traffic Status > LANLABELDESCRIPTIONRefresh IntervalSelect how often you want the LTE Device to update this screen from the drop-down list box.InterfaceThis shows the LAN or WLAN interface. Bytes SentThis indicates the number of bytes transmitted on this interface.Bytes ReceivedThis indicates the number of bytes received on this interface.InterfaceThis shows the LAN or WLAN interface. Sent (Packet) Data This indicates the number of transmitted packets on this interface.ErrorThis indicates the number of frames with errors transmitted on this interface. Chapter 17Traffic StatusB222s Users Guide15117.4 The NAT Status ScreenClick System Monitor > Traffic Status > NAT to open the following screen. You can view the NAT status of the LTE Devices client(s) in this screen.Figure 85 System Monitor > Traffic Status > NATThe following table describes the fields in this screen. DropThis indicates the number of outgoing packets dropped on this interface.Received (Packet) Data This indicates the number of received packets on this interface.ErrorThis indicates the number of frames with errors received on this interface.DropThis indicates the number of received packets dropped on this interface.Table 63 System Monitor > Traffic Status > LAN (continued)LABELDESCRIPTIONTable 64 System Monitor > Traffic Status > NATLABELDESCRIPTIONRefresh IntervalSelect how often you want the LTE Device to update this screen from the drop-down list box.Device NameThis shows the name of the client.IP AddressThis shows the IP address of the client.MAC AddressThis shows the MAC address of the client.No. of Open SessionThis shows the number of NAT sessions used by the client. Chapter 17Traffic StatusB222s Users Guide15217.5 The VoIP Status Screen Click System Monitor > VoIP Status to open the following screen. You can view the VoIP traffic statistics in this screen.Figure 86 System Monitor > VoIP StatusThe following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 65 System Monitor > VoIP StatusLABELDESCRIPTIONRefresh IntervalSelect how often you want the LTE Device to update this screen from the drop-down list box.SIP StatusAccountThis column displays each SIP account in the LTE Device.RegistrationThis field displays the current registration status of the SIP account. You can change this in the Status screen.Registered - The SIP account is registered with a SIP server.Not Registered - The last time the LTE Device tried to register the SIP account with the SIP server, the attempt failed. The LTE Device automatically tries to register the SIP account when you turn on the LTE Device or when you activate it.Inactive - The SIP account is not active. You can activate it in VoIP > SIP > SIP Account.Last RegistrationThis field displays the last time you successfully registered the SIP account. The field is blank if you never successfully registered this account.URIThis field displays the account number and service domain of the SIP account. You can change these in the VoIP > SIP screens.Message WaitingThis field indicates whether or not there are any messages waiting for the SIP account.Last Incoming NumberThis field displays the last number that called the SIP account. The field is blank if no number has ever dialed the SIP account.Last Outgoing NumberThis field displays the last number the SIP account called. The field is blank if the SIP account has never dialed a number.Call StatusAccountThis column displays the SIP account in the LTE Device.DurationThis field displays how long the current call has lasted. Chapter 17Traffic StatusB222s Users Guide153StatusThis field displays the current state of the phone call.Idle - There are no current VoIP calls, incoming calls or outgoing calls being made.Dial - The callees phone is ringing.Ring - The phone is ringing for an incoming VoIP call.Process - There is a VoIP call in progress.DISC - The callees line is busy, the callee hung up or your phone was left off the hook.CodecThis field displays what voice codec is being used for a current VoIP call through a phone port.Peer NumberThis field displays the SIP number of the party that is currently engaged in a VoIP call through a phone port.Phone StatusAccountThis field displays the phone accounts of the LTE Device.Outgoing Number This field displays the SIP number that you use to make calls on this phone port.Incoming Number This field displays the SIP number that you use to receive calls on this phone port.Phone StateThis field shows whether or the phone connected to the subscriber port is on-hook ONHOOK) or off-hook (OFFHOOK).Table 65 System Monitor > VoIP Status (continued)LABELDESCRIPTION Chapter 17Traffic StatusB222s Users Guide154 B222s Users Guide155CHAPTER 18User Account18.1 Overview You can configure system password for different user accounts in the User Account screen.18.2 The User Account ScreenUse the User Account screen to configure system password.Click Maintenance > User Account to open the following screen. Figure 87 Maintenance > User AccountThe following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 66 Maintenance > User AccountLABELDESCRIPTIONUser NameYou can configure the password for the Power User and Admin accounts.Old PasswordType the default password or the existing password you use to access the system in this field.New PasswordType your new system password (up to 30 characters). Note that as you type a password, the screen displays a (*) for each character you type. After you change the password, use the new password to access the LTE Device.Retype to ConfirmType the new password again for confirmation.ApplyClick Apply to save your changes.CancelClick Cancel to restore your previously saved settings. Chapter 18User AccountB222s Users Guide156 B222s Users Guide157CHAPTER 19Remote MGMT19.1 OverviewRemote MGMT allows you to manage your LTE Device from a remote location through the following interfaces:LAN and WLANWAN onlyNote: The LTE Device is managed using the web configurator.19.1.1 What You Need to KnowThe following terms and concepts may help as you read this chapter19.2 The Remote MGMT ScreenUse this screen to decide what services you may use to access which LTE Device interface. Click Maintenance > Remote MGMT to open the following screen. Figure 88 Maintenance > Remote MGMT The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 67 Maintenance > Remote MGMTLABELDESCRIPTIONServices This is the service you may use to access the LTE Device.LAN/WLANSelect the Enable check box for the corresponding services that you want to allow access to the LTE Device from the LAN and WLAN.WANSelect the Enable check box for the corresponding services that you want to allow access to the LTE Device from the WAN.PortYou may change the server port number for a service if needed, however you must use the same port number in order to use that service for remote management. Chapter 19Remote MGMTB222s Users Guide158ApplyClick Apply to save your changes.CancelClick Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.Table 67 Maintenance > Remote MGMT (continued)LABELDESCRIPTION B222s Users Guide159CHAPTER 20System20.1 Overview You can configure system settings, including the host name, domain name and the inactivity time-out interval in the System screen. 20.1.1 What You Need to KnowThe following terms and concepts may help as you read this chapter.Domain NameThis is a network address that identifies the owner of a network connection. For example, in the network address www.example.com/support/files, the domain name is www.example.com. 20.2 The System ScreenUse the System screen to configure the systems host name, domain name, and inactivity time-out interval.The Host Name is for identification purposes. However, because some ISPs check this name you should enter your computer's "Computer Name". Find the system name of your Windows computer. In Windows XP, click start, My Computer, View system information and then click the Computer Name tab. Note the entry in the Full computer name field and enter it as the LTE Device System Name.Click Maintenance > System to open the following screen. Figure 89 Maintenance > System Chapter 20SystemB222s Users Guide160The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 68 Maintenance > SystemLABELDESCRIPTIONHost NameChoose a descriptive name for identification purposes. It is recommended you enter your computers Computer name in this field. This name can be up to 30 alphanumeric characters long. Spaces are not allowed, but dashes - and underscores "_" are accepted.Domain NameEnter the domain name (if you know it) here. If you leave this field blank, the ISP may assign a domain name via DHCP. The domain name entered by you is given priority over the ISP assigned domain name.Administrator Inactivity TimerType how many minutes a management session (either via the web configurator) can be left idle before the session times out. The default is 5 minutes. After it times out you have to log in with your password again. Very long idle timeouts may have security risks. A value of "0" means a management session never times out, no matter how long it has been left idle (not recommended).ApplyClick this to save your changes back to the LTE Device.CancelClick this to begin configuring this screen afresh. B222s Users Guide161CHAPTER 21Time Setting21.1 Overview You can configure the systems time and date in the Time Setting screen.21.2 The Time Setting Screen To change your LTE Devices time and date, click Maintenance > Time. The screen appears as shown. Use this screen to configure the LTE Devices time based on your local time zone. Figure 90 Maintenance > Time Setting The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 69 Maintenance > System > Time SettingLABELDESCRIPTIONCurrent Date/Time Current Time This field displays the time of your LTE Device.Current Date This field displays the date of your LTE Device. Time and Date Setup Time ProtocolThis shows the time service protocol that your time server sends when you turn on the LTE Device. Time Server Address Enter the IP address or URL (up to 31 extended ASCII characters in length) of your time server. Check with your ISP/network administrator if you are unsure of this information.Time ZoneChoose the time zone of your location. This will set the time difference between your time zone and Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). Chapter 21Time SettingB222s Users Guide162Daylight SavingsDaylight saving is a period from late spring to early fall when many countries set their clocks ahead of normal local time by one hour to give more daytime light in the evening.Select this option if you use Daylight Saving Time.Start DateConfigure the day and time when Daylight Saving Time starts if you selected Daylight Savings. The o'clock field uses the 24 hour format. Here are a couple of examples:Daylight Saving Time starts in most parts of the United States on the second Sunday of March. Each time zone in the United States starts using Daylight Saving Time at 2 A.M. local time. So in the United States you would select Second, Sunday, March and type 2 in the o'clock field.Daylight Saving Time starts in the European Union on the last Sunday of March. All of the time zones in the European Union start using Daylight Saving Time at the same moment (1 A.M. GMT or UTC). So in the European Union you would select Last, Sunday, March. The time you type in the o'clock field depends on your time zone. In Germany for instance, you would type 2 because Germany's time zone is one hour ahead of GMT or UTC (GMT+1).End DateConfigure the day and time when Daylight Saving Time ends if you selected Daylight Savings. The o'clock field uses the 24 hour format. Here are a couple of examples:Daylight Saving Time ends in the United States on the first Sunday of November. Each time zone in the United States stops using Daylight Saving Time at 2 A.M. local time. So in the United States you would select First, Sunday, November and type 2 in the o'clock field.Daylight Saving Time ends in the European Union on the last Sunday of October. All of the time zones in the European Union stop using Daylight Saving Time at the same moment (1 A.M. GMT or UTC). So in the European Union you would select Last, Sunday, October. The time you type in the o'clock field depends on your time zone. In Germany for instance, you would type 2 because Germany's time zone is one hour ahead of GMT or UTC (GMT+1). ApplyClick Apply to save your changes.ResetClick Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.Table 69 Maintenance > System > Time Setting (continued)LABELDESCRIPTION B222s Users Guide163CHAPTER 22Log Setting22.1 Overview You can configure where the LTE Device sends logs and which logs and/or immediate alerts the LTE Device records in the Log Setting screen.22.2 The Log Setting ScreenTo change your LTE Devices log settings, click Maintenance > Log Setting. The screen appears as shown.Figure 91 Maintenance > Log Setting Chapter 22Log SettingB222s Users Guide164The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 70 Maintenance > Log SettingLABELDESCRIPTIONSyslog SettingSyslog LoggingThe LTE Device sends a log to an external syslog server. Select the Enable check box to enable syslog logging.Syslog ServerEnter the server name or IP address of the syslog server that will log the selected categories of logs. UDP PortEnter the port number used by the syslog server.Active Log and Select LevelLog CategorySelect the categories of logs that you want to record.Log LevelSelect the severity level of logs that you want to record. If you want to record all logs, select ALL. ApplyClick Apply to save your changes.CancelClick Cancel to restore your previously saved settings. B222s Users Guide165CHAPTER 23Firmware Upgrade23.1 OverviewThis chapter explains how to upload new firmware to your LTE Device. You can download new firmware releases from your nearest Huawei FTP site (or www.huawei.com) to use to upgrade your devices performance.Only use firmware for your devices specific model. Refer to the label on the bottom of your LTE Device.23.2 The Firmware Upgrade ScreenClick Maintenance > Firmware Upgrade to open the following screen. The upload process uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and may take up to three minutes. After a successful upload, the system will reboot. Do NOT turn off the LTE Device while firmware upload is in progress!Figure 92 Maintenance > Firmware UpgradeThe following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 71 Maintenance > Firmware UpgradeLABELDESCRIPTIONCurrent Firmware VersionThis is the present Firmware version. File PathType in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Browse ... to find it.Browse... Click this to find the .bin file you want to upload. Remember that you must decompress compressed (.zip) files before you can upload them. Upload Click this to begin the upload process. This process may take up to three minutes. Chapter 23Firmware UpgradeB222s Users Guide166After you see the firmware updating screen, wait a few minutes before logging into the LTE Device again. Figure 93 Firmware UploadingThe LTE Device automatically restarts in this time causing a temporary network disconnect. In some operating systems, you may see the following icon on your desktop.Figure 94 Network Temporarily DisconnectedAfter two minutes, log in again and check your new firmware version in the Status screen.If the upload was not successful, an error screen will appear. Click OK to go back to the Firmware Upgrade screen.Figure 95 Error Message B222s Users Guide167CHAPTER 24Backup/Restore24.1 OverviewThe Backup/Restore screen allows you to backup and restore device configurations. You can also reset your device settings back to the factory default.24.2 The Backup/Restore Screen Click Maintenance > Backup/Restore. Information related to factory defaults, backup configuration, and restoring configuration appears in this screen, as shown next.Figure 96 Maintenance > Backup/RestoreBackup Configuration Backup Configuration allows you to back up (save) the LTE Devices current configuration to a file on your computer. Once your LTE Device is configured and functioning properly, it is highly recommended that you back up your configuration file before making configuration changes. The backup configuration file will be useful in case you need to return to your previous settings. Click Backup to save the LTE Devices current configuration to your computer. Chapter 24Backup/RestoreB222s Users Guide168Restore Configuration Restore Configuration allows you to upload a new or previously saved configuration file from your computer to your LTE Device.Do not turn off the LTE Device while configuration file upload is in progress.After the LTE Device configuration has been restored successfully, the login screen appears. Login again to restart the LTE Device. The LTE Device automatically restarts in this time causing a temporary network disconnect. In some operating systems, you may see the following icon on your desktop.Figure 97 Network Temporarily DisconnectedIf you restore the default configuration, you may need to change the IP address of your computer to be in the same subnet as that of the default device IP address (192.168.1.1). See Appendix B on page 189 for details on how to set up your computers IP address.If the upload was not successful, an error screen will appear. Click OK to go back to the Configuration screen. Table 72 Restore ConfigurationLABELDESCRIPTIONFile Path Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Browse ... to find it.Browse... Click this to find the file you want to upload. Remember that you must decompress compressed (.ZIP) files before you can upload them. Upload Click this to begin the upload process.ResetClick this to reset your device settings back to the factory default. Chapter 24Backup/RestoreB222s Users Guide169Reset to Factory Defaults Click the Reset button to clear all user-entered configuration information and return the LTE Device to its factory defaults. The following warning screen appears.Figure 98 Reset Warning MessageFigure 99 Reset In Process MessageYou can also press the RESET button on the back panel to reset the factory defaults of your LTE Device. Refer to Section 1.7 on page 20 for more information on the RESET button.24.3 The Reboot Screen System restart allows you to reboot the LTE Device remotely without turning the power off. You may need to do this if the LTE Device hangs, for example.Click Maintenance > Reboot. Click the Reboot button to have the LTE Device reboot. This does not affect the LTE Device's configuration. Chapter 24Backup/RestoreB222s Users Guide170 B222s Users Guide171CHAPTER 25Diagnostic25.1 OverviewYou can use different diagnostic methods to test a connection and see the detailed information. These read-only screens display information to help you identify problems with the LTE Device.25.2 The Ping/TraceRoute Screen Ping and traceroute help check availability of remote hosts and also help troubleshoot network or Internet connections. Click Maintenance > Diagnostic to open the Ping/TraceRoute screen shown next.Figure 100 Maintenance > Diagnostic > Ping/TraceRoute The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 73 Maintenance > Diagnostic > Ping/TraceRouteLABELDESCRIPTIONPingType the IP address of a computer that you want to ping in order to test a connection. Click Ping and the ping statistics will show in the diagnostic .TraceRouteClick this button to perform the traceroute function. This determines the path a packet takes to the specified host. Chapter 25DiagnosticB222s Users Guide172 B222s Users Guide173CHAPTER 26Troubleshooting26.1 OverviewThis chapter offers some suggestions to solve problems you might encounter. The potential problems are divided into the following categories. Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDsLTE Device Access and LoginInternet AccessWireless Internet AccessPhone Calls and VoIPUPnP26.2 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDsThe LTE Device does not turn on. None of the LEDs turn on.1Make sure the LTE Device is turned on. 2Make sure you are using the power adaptor or cord included with the LTE Device.3Make sure the power adaptor or cord is connected to the LTE Device and plugged in to an appropriate power source. Make sure the power source is turned on.4Turn the LTE Device off and on. 5If the problem continues, contact the vendor.One of the LEDs does not behave as expected.1Make sure you understand the normal behavior of the LED. See Section 1.6 on page 18.2Check the hardware connections. See the Quick Start Guide. 3Inspect your cables for damage. Contact the vendor to replace any damaged cables. Chapter 26TroubleshootingB222s Users Guide1744Turn the LTE Device off and on. 5If the problem continues, contact the vendor.26.3 LTE Device Access and LoginI forgot the IP address for the LTE Device.1The default IP address is 192.168.1.1.2If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, you might get the IP address of the LTE Device by looking up the IP address of the default gateway for your computer. To do this in most Windows computers, click Start > Run, enter cmd, and then enter ipconfig. The IP address of the Default Gateway might be the IP address of the LTE Device (it depends on the network), so enter this IP address in your Internet browser. 3If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See Section 1.7 on page 20.I forgot the password.1The default admin password is 1234 and the default user password is 1234.2If you cant remember the password, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See Section 1.7 on page 20.I cannot see or access the Login screen in the web configurator.1Make sure you are using the correct IP address.The default IP address is 192.168.1.1.If you changed the IP address, use the new IP address.If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, see the troubleshooting suggestions for I forgot the IP address for the LTE Device.2Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick Start Guide.3Make sure your Internet browser does not block pop-up windows and has JavaScript and Java enabled. See Appendix C on page 219. Chapter 26TroubleshootingB222s Users Guide1754Reset the device to its factory defaults, and try to access the LTE Device with the default IP address. See Section 1.7 on page 20. 5If the problem continues, contact the network administrator or vendor, or try one of the advanced suggestions.Advanced SuggestionsTry to access the LTE Device using another service, such as Telnet. If you can access the LTE Device, check the remote management settings and firewall rules to find out why the LTE Device does not respond to HTTP. If your computer is connected to the WAN port or is connected wirelessly, use a computer that is connected to a ETHERNET port.I can see the Login screen, but I cannot log in to the LTE Device.1Make sure you have entered the user name and password correctly. The default user name is admin. These fields are case-sensitive, so make sure [Caps Lock] is not on. 2You cannot log in to the web configurator while someone is using Telnet to access the LTE Device. Log out of the LTE Device in the other session, or ask the person who is logged in to log out. 3Turn the LTE Device off and on. 4If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See Section 26.2 on page 173.26.4 Internet AccessI cannot access the Internet.1Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick Start Guide and Section 1.6 on page 18. 2Make sure you entered your service providers LTE APN information correctly.3If you are trying to access the Internet wirelessly, make sure the wireless settings in the wireless client are the same as the settings in the AP. 4If you are trying to access the Internet wirelessly, make sure you have enabled the wireless LAN by the WPS/WLAN button or the Network Setting > Wireless > General screen.5Disconnect all the cables from your device, and follow the directions in the Quick Start Guide again. 6If the problem continues, contact your ISP. Chapter 26TroubleshootingB222s Users Guide176I cannot access the Internet anymore. I had access to the Internet (with the LTE Device), but my Internet connection is not available anymore.1Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick Start Guide and Section 1.6 on page 18.2Turn the LTE Device off and on. 3If the problem continues, contact your ISP. The Internet connection is slow or intermittent.1There might be a lot of traffic on the network. Look at the LEDs, and check Section 1.6 on page 18. If the LTE Device is sending or receiving a lot of information, try closing some programs that use the Internet, especially peer-to-peer applications. 2Turn the LTE Device off and on. 3If the problem continues, contact the network administrator or vendor, or try one of the advanced suggestions.Advanced SuggestionsCheck the settings for QoS. If it is disabled, you might consider activating it. If it is enabled, you might consider raising or lowering the priority for some applications. 26.5 Wireless Internet AccessWhat factors may cause intermittent or unstabled wireless connection? How can I solve this problem?The following factors may cause interference:Obstacles: walls, ceilings, furniture, and so on.Building Materials: metal doors, aluminum studs.Electrical devices: microwaves, monitors, electric motors, cordless phones, and other wireless devices.To optimize the speed and quality of your wireless connection, you can:Move your wireless device closer to the AP if the signal strength is low. Chapter 26TroubleshootingB222s Users Guide177Reduce wireless interference that may be caused by other wireless networks or surrounding wireless electronics such as cordless phones.Place the AP where there are minimum obstacles (such as walls and ceilings) between the AP and the wireless client. Reduce the number of wireless clients connecting to the same AP simultaneously, or add additional APs if necessary.Try closing some programs that use the Internet, especially peer-to-peer applications. If the wireless client is sending or receiving a lot of information, it may have too many programs open that use the Internet. What wireless security modes does my LTE Device support?Wireless security is vital to your network. It protects communications between wireless stations, access points and the wired network. The available security modes in your device are as follows:WPA2-PSK: (recommended) This uses a pre-shared key with the WPA2 standard.WPA-PSK: This has the device use either WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK depending on which security mode the wireless client uses. WPA2: WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i) is a wireless security standard that defines stronger encryption, authentication and key management than WPA. It requires the use of a RADIUS server and is mostly used in business networks.WPA: Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) is a subset of the IEEE 802.11i standard. It requires the use of a RADIUS server and is mostly used in business networks. WEP: Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) encryption scrambles the data transmitted between the wireless stations and the access points to keep network communications private.26.6 Phone Calls and VoIPThe telephone port wont work or the telephone lacks a dial tone.1Check the telephone connection and telephone wire.I can access the Internet, but cannot make VoIP calls.1The PHONE light should come on. Make sure that your telephone is connected to the PHONE port.2You can also check the VoIP status in the System Info screen. Chapter 26TroubleshootingB222s Users Guide1783If the VoIP settings are correct, use speed dial to make peer-to-peer calls. If you can make a call using speed dial, there may be something wrong with the SIP server, contact your VoIP service provider.26.7 UPnPWhen using UPnP and the LTE Device reboots, my computer cannot detect UPnP and refresh My Network Places > Local Network.1Disconnect the Ethernet cable from the LTE Devices LAN port or from your computer.2Re-connect the Ethernet cable. The Local Area Connection icon for UPnP disappears in the screen.Restart your computer.I cannot open special applications such as white board, file transfer and video when I use the MSN messenger.1Wait more than three minutes.2Restart the applications. B222s Users Guide179APPENDIX AIP Addresses and SubnettingThis appendix introduces IP addresses and subnet masks. IP addresses identify individual devices on a network. Every networking device (such as computers, servers, routers, and printers) needs an IP address to communicate across the network. These networking devices are also known as hosts.Subnet masks determine the maximum number of possible hosts on a network. You can also use subnet masks to divide one network into multiple sub-networks.Introduction to IP AddressesOne part of the IP address is the network number, and the other part is the host ID. In the same way that houses on a street share a common street name, the hosts on a network share a common network number. Similarly, as each house has its own house number, each host on the network has its own unique identifying number - the host ID. Routers use the network number to send packets to the correct network, while the host ID determines to which host on the network the packets are delivered.StructureAn IP address is made up of four parts, written in dotted decimal notation (for example, 192.168.1.1). Each of these four parts is known as an octet. An octet is an eight-digit binary number (for example 11000000, which is 192 in decimal notation). Therefore, each octet has a possible range of 00000000 to 11111111 in binary, or 0 to 255 in decimal. Appendix AIP Addresses and SubnettingB222s Users Guide180The following figure shows an example IP address in which the first three octets (192.168.1) are the network number, and the fourth octet (16) is the host ID.Figure 101 Network Number and Host IDHow much of the IP address is the network number and how much is the host ID varies according to the subnet mask. Subnet MasksA subnet mask is used to determine which bits are part of the network number, and which bits are part of the host ID (using a logical AND operation). The term subnet is short for sub-network.A subnet mask has 32 bits. If a bit in the subnet mask is a 1 then the corresponding bit in the IP address is part of the network number. If a bit in the subnet mask is 0 then the corresponding bit in the IP address is part of the host ID. The following example shows a subnet mask identifying the network number (in bold text) and host ID of an IP address (192.168.1.2 in decimal).By convention, subnet masks always consist of a continuous sequence of ones beginning from the leftmost bit of the mask, followed by a continuous sequence of zeros, for a total number of 32 bits.Table 74 IP Address Network Number and Host ID Example1ST OCTET:(192)2ND OCTET:(168)3RD OCTET:(1)4TH OCTET(2)IP Address (Binary)11000000101010000000000100000010Subnet Mask (Binary)11111111111111111111111100000000Network Number110000001010100000000001Host ID00000010 Appendix AIP Addresses and SubnettingB222s Users Guide181Subnet masks can be referred to by the size of the network number part (the bits with a 1 value). For example, an 8-bit mask means that the first 8 bits of the mask are ones and the remaining 24 bits are zeroes.Subnet masks are expressed in dotted decimal notation just like IP addresses. The following examples show the binary and decimal notation for 8-bit, 16-bit, 24-bit and 29-bit subnet masks. Network SizeThe size of the network number determines the maximum number of possible hosts you can have on your network. The larger the number of network number bits, the smaller the number of remaining host ID bits. An IP address with host IDs of all zeros is the IP address of the network (192.168.1.0 with a 24-bit subnet mask, for example). An IP address with host IDs of all ones is the broadcast address for that network (192.168.1.255 with a 24-bit subnet mask, for example).As these two IP addresses cannot be used for individual hosts, calculate the maximum number of possible hosts in a network as follows:NotationSince the mask is always a continuous number of ones beginning from the left, followed by a continuous number of zeros for the remainder of the 32 bit mask, you can simply specify the number of ones instead of writing the value of each octet. This is usually specified by writing a / followed by the number of bits in the mask after the address. For example, 192.1.1.0 /25 is equivalent to saying 192.1.1.0 with subnet mask 255.255.255.128. Table 75 Subnet MasksBINARYDECIMAL1ST OCTET2ND OCTET3RD OCTET4TH OCTET8-bit mask11111111000000000000000000000000255.0.0.016-bit mask11111111111111110000000000000000255.255.0.024-bit mask11111111111111111111111100000000255.255.255.029-bit mask11111111111111111111111111111000255.255.255.248Table 76 Maximum Host NumbersSUBNET MASKHOST ID SIZEMAXIMUM NUMBER OF HOSTS8 bits255.0.0.024 bits224 21677721416 bits255.255.0.016 bits216 26553424 bits255.255.255.08 bits28 225429 bits255.255.255.2483 bits23 26 Appendix AIP Addresses and SubnettingB222s Users Guide182The following table shows some possible subnet masks using both notations. SubnettingYou can use subnetting to divide one network into multiple sub-networks. In the following example a network administrator creates two sub-networks to isolate a group of servers from the rest of the company network for security reasons.In this example, the company network address is 192.168.1.0. The first three octets of the address (192.168.1) are the network number, and the remaining octet is the host ID, allowing a maximum of 28 2 or 254 possible hosts.The following figure shows the company network before subnetting. Figure 102 Subnetting Example: Before SubnettingYou can borrow one of the host ID bits to divide the network 192.168.1.0 into two separate sub-networks. The subnet mask is now 25 bits (255.255.255.128 or /25).The borrowed host ID bit can have a value of either 0 or 1, allowing two subnets; 192.168.1.0 /25 and 192.168.1.128 /25. Table 77 Alternative Subnet Mask NotationSUBNET MASKALTERNATIVE NOTATIONLAST OCTET (BINARY)LAST OCTET (DECIMAL)255.255.255.0/240000 00000255.255.255.128/251000 0000128255.255.255.192/261100 0000192255.255.255.224/271110 0000224255.255.255.240/281111 0000240255.255.255.248/291111 1000248255.255.255.252/301111 1100252 Appendix AIP Addresses and SubnettingB222s Users Guide183The following figure shows the company network after subnetting. There are now two sub-networks, A and B. Figure 103 Subnetting Example: After SubnettingIn a 25-bit subnet the host ID has 7 bits, so each sub-network has a maximum of 27 2 or 126 possible hosts (a host ID of all zeroes is the subnets address itself, all ones is the subnets broadcast address).192.168.1.0 with mask 255.255.255.128 is subnet A itself, and 192.168.1.127 with mask 255.255.255.128 is its broadcast address. Therefore, the lowest IP address that can be assigned to an actual host for subnet A is 192.168.1.1 and the highest is 192.168.1.126. Similarly, the host ID range for subnet B is 192.168.1.129 to 192.168.1.254.Example: Four Subnets The previous example illustrated using a 25-bit subnet mask to divide a 24-bit address into two subnets. Similarly, to divide a 24-bit address into four subnets, you need to borrow two host ID bits to give four possible combinations (00, 01, 10 and 11). The subnet mask is 26 bits (11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000) or 255.255.255.192. Each subnet contains 6 host ID bits, giving 26 - 2 or 62 hosts for each subnet (a host ID of all zeroes is the subnet itself, all ones is the subnets broadcast address). Table 78 Subnet 1IP/SUBNET MASKNETWORK NUMBERLAST OCTET BIT VALUEIP Address (Decimal)192.168.1.0IP Address (Binary)11000000.10101000.00000001. 00000000Subnet Mask (Binary)11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000 Appendix AIP Addresses and SubnettingB222s Users Guide184Example: Eight SubnetsSimilarly, use a 27-bit mask to create eight subnets (000, 001, 010, 011, 100, 101, 110 and 111). Subnet Address: 192.168.1.0Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.1Broadcast Address: 192.168.1.63Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.62Table 79 Subnet 2IP/SUBNET MASKNETWORK NUMBERLAST OCTET BIT VALUEIP Address192.168.1.64IP Address (Binary)11000000.10101000.00000001. 01000000Subnet Mask (Binary)11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000Subnet Address: 192.168.1.64Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.65Broadcast Address: 192.168.1.127Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.126Table 80 Subnet 3IP/SUBNET MASKNETWORK NUMBERLAST OCTET BIT VALUEIP Address192.168.1.128IP Address (Binary)11000000.10101000.00000001. 10000000Subnet Mask (Binary)11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000Subnet Address: 192.168.1.128Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.129Broadcast Address: 192.168.1.191Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.190Table 81 Subnet 4IP/SUBNET MASKNETWORK NUMBERLAST OCTET BIT VALUEIP Address192.168.1.192IP Address (Binary)11000000.10101000.00000001. 11000000Subnet Mask (Binary)11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000Subnet Address: 192.168.1.192Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.193Broadcast Address: 192.168.1.255Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.254Table 78 Subnet 1 (continued)IP/SUBNET MASKNETWORK NUMBERLAST OCTET BIT VALUE Appendix AIP Addresses and SubnettingB222s Users Guide185The following table shows IP address last octet values for each subnet.Subnet PlanningThe following table is a summary for subnet planning on a network with a 24-bit network number.The following table is a summary for subnet planning on a network with a 16-bit network number. Table 82 Eight SubnetsSUBNETSUBNET ADDRESSFIRST ADDRESSLAST ADDRESSBROADCAST ADDRESS1013031232336263364659495496971261275128129158159616016119019171921932222238224225254255Table 83 24-bit Network Number Subnet PlanningNO. BORROWED HOST BITSSUBNET MASKNO. SUBNETSNO. HOSTS PER SUBNET1255.255.255.128 (/25)21262255.255.255.192 (/26)4623255.255.255.224 (/27)8304255.255.255.240 (/28)16145255.255.255.248 (/29)3266255.255.255.252 (/30)6427255.255.255.254 (/31)1281Table 84 16-bit Network Number Subnet PlanningNO. BORROWED HOST BITSSUBNET MASKNO. SUBNETSNO. HOSTS PER SUBNET1255.255.128.0 (/17)2327662255.255.192.0 (/18)4163823255.255.224.0 (/19)881904255.255.240.0 (/20)1640945255.255.248.0 (/21)3220466255.255.252.0 (/22)6410227255.255.254.0 (/23)1285108255.255.255.0 (/24)2562549255.255.255.128 (/25)51212610255.255.255.192 (/26)10246211255.255.255.224 (/27)20483012255.255.255.240 (/28)409614 Appendix AIP Addresses and SubnettingB222s Users Guide186Configuring IP AddressesWhere you obtain your network number depends on your particular situation. If the ISP or your network administrator assigns you a block of registered IP addresses, follow their instructions in selecting the IP addresses and the subnet mask.If the ISP did not explicitly give you an IP network number, then most likely you have a single user account and the ISP will assign you a dynamic IP address when the connection is established. If this is the case, it is recommended that you select a network number from 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.0. The Internet Assigned Number Authority (IANA) reserved this block of addresses specifically for private use; please do not use any other number unless you are told otherwise. You must also enable Network Address Translation (NAT) on the LTE Device. Once you have decided on the network number, pick an IP address for your LTE Device that is easy to remember (for instance, 192.168.1.1) but make sure that no other device on your network is using that IP address.The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your LTE Device will compute the subnet mask automatically based on the IP address that you entered. You don't need to change the subnet mask computed by the LTE Device unless you are instructed to do otherwise.Private IP AddressesEvery machine on the Internet must have a unique address. If your networks are isolated from the Internet (running only between two branch offices, for example) you can assign any IP addresses to the hosts without problems. However, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has reserved the following three blocks of IP addresses specifically for private networks:10.0.0.0 10.255.255.255172.16.0.0 172.31.255.255192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255You can obtain your IP address from the IANA, from an ISP, or it can be assigned from a private network. If you belong to a small organization and your Internet access is through an ISP, the ISP can provide you with the Internet addresses for your local networks. On the other hand, if you are part of a much larger organization, you should consult your network administrator for the appropriate IP addresses.Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an arbitrary IP address; always follow the guidelines above. For more information on address assignment, please refer to RFC 1597, Address Allocation for Private Internets and RFC 1466, Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space.13255.255.255.248 (/29)8192614255.255.255.252 (/30)16384215255.255.255.254 (/31)327681Table 84 16-bit Network Number Subnet Planning (continued)NO. BORROWED HOST BITSSUBNET MASKNO. SUBNETSNO. HOSTS PER SUBNET Appendix AIP Addresses and SubnettingB222s Users Guide187IP Address ConflictsEach device on a network must have a unique IP address. Devices with duplicate IP addresses on the same network will not be able to access the Internet or other resources. The devices may also be unreachable through the network. Conflicting Computer IP Addresses ExampleMore than one device can not use the same IP address. In the following example computer A has a static (or fixed) IP address that is the same as the IP address that a DHCP server assigns to computer B which is a DHCP client. Neither can access the Internet. This problem can be solved by assigning a different static IP address to computer A or setting computer A to obtain an IP address automatically. Figure 104 Conflicting Computer IP Addresses ExampleConflicting Router IP Addresses ExampleSince a router connects different networks, it must have interfaces using different network numbers. For example, if a router is set between a LAN and the Internet (WAN), the routers LAN and WAN addresses must be on different subnets. In the following example, the LAN and WAN are on the same subnet. The LAN computers cannot access the Internet because the router cannot route between networks.Figure 105 Conflicting Computer IP Addresses Example Appendix AIP Addresses and SubnettingB222s Users Guide188Conflicting Computer and Router IP Addresses ExampleMore than one device can not use the same IP address. In the following example, the computer and the routers LAN port both use 192.168.1.1 as the IP address. The computer cannot access the Internet. This problem can be solved by assigning a different IP address to the computer or the routers LAN port. Figure 106 Conflicting Computer and Router IP Addresses Example B222s Users Guide189APPENDIX BSetting Up Your Computers IP AddressNote: Your specific LTE Device may not support all of the operating systems described in this appendix. See the product specifications for more information about which operating systems are supported.This appendix shows you how to configure the IP settings on your computer in order for it to be able to communicate with the other devices on your network. Windows Vista/XP/2000, Mac OS 9/OS X, and all versions of UNIX/LINUX include the software components you need to use TCP/IP on your computer. If you manually assign IP information instead of using a dynamic IP, make sure that your networks computers have IP addresses that place them in the same subnet.In this appendix, you can set up an IP address for:Windows XP/NT/2000 on page189Windows Vista on page193Windows 7 on page197Mac OS X: 10.3 and 10.4 on page201Mac OS X: 10.5 on page204Linux: Ubuntu 8 (GNOME) on page 208Linux: openSUSE 10.3 (KDE) on page212Windows XP/NT/2000The following example uses the default Windows XP display theme but can also apply to Windows 2000 and Windows NT. Appendix BSetting Up Your Computers IP AddressB222s Users Guide1901Click Start > Control Panel.Figure 107 Windows XP: Start Menu2In the Control Panel, click the Network Connections icon.Figure 108 Windows XP: Control Panel Appendix BSetting Up Your Computers IP AddressB222s Users Guide1913Right-click Local Area Connection and then select Properties.Figure 109 Windows XP: Control Panel > Network Connections > Properties4On the General tab, select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and then click Properties.Figure 110 Windows XP: Local Area Connection Properties Appendix BSetting Up Your Computers IP AddressB222s Users Guide1925The Internet Protocol TCP/IP Properties window opens.Figure 111 Windows XP: Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties6Select Obtain an IP address automatically if your network administrator or ISP assigns your IP address dynamically.Select Use the following IP Address and fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Default gateway fields if you have a static IP address that was assigned to you by your network administrator or ISP. You may also have to enter a Preferred DNS server and an Alternate DNS server, if that information was provided.7Click OK to close the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window.8Click OK to close the Local Area Connection Properties window.Verifying Settings1Click Start > All Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt.2In the Command Prompt window, type "ipconfig" and then press [ENTER]. You can also go to Start > Control Panel > Network Connections, right-click a network connection, click Status and then click the Support tab to view your IP address and connection information. Appendix BSetting Up Your Computers IP AddressB222s Users Guide193Windows VistaThis section shows screens from Windows Vista Professional.1Click Start > Control Panel.Figure 112 Windows Vista: Start Menu2In the Control Panel, click the Network and Internet icon.Figure 113 Windows Vista: Control Panel3Click the Network and Sharing Center icon.Figure 114 Windows Vista: Network And Internet Appendix BSetting Up Your Computers IP AddressB222s Users Guide1944Click Manage network connections.Figure 115 Windows Vista: Network and Sharing Center5Right-click Local Area Connection and then select Properties.Figure 116 Windows Vista: Network and Sharing CenterNote: During this procedure, click Continue whenever Windows displays a screen saying that it needs your permission to continue. Appendix BSetting Up Your Computers IP AddressB222s Users Guide1956Select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and then select Properties.Figure 117 Windows Vista: Local Area Connection Properties Appendix BSetting Up Your Computers IP AddressB222s Users Guide1967The Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties window opens.Figure 118 Windows Vista: Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties8Select Obtain an IP address automatically if your network administrator or ISP assigns your IP address dynamically.Select Use the following IP Address and fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Default gateway fields if you have a static IP address that was assigned to you by your network administrator or ISP. You may also have to enter a Preferred DNS server and an Alternate DNS server, if that information was provided.Click Advanced.9Click OK to close the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window.10Click OK to close the Local Area Connection Properties window.Verifying Settings1Click Start > All Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt.2In the Command Prompt window, type "ipconfig" and then press [ENTER]. You can also go to Start > Control Panel > Network Connections, right-click a network connection, click Status and then click the Support tab to view your IP address and connection information. Appendix BSetting Up Your Computers IP AddressB222s Users Guide197Windows 7This section shows screens from Windows 7 Enterprise.1Click Start > Control Panel.Figure 119 Windows 7: Start Menu2In the Control Panel, click View network status and tasks under the Network and Internet category.Figure 120 Windows 7: Control Panel3Click Change adapter settings.Figure 121 Windows 7: Network And Sharing Center Appendix BSetting Up Your Computers IP AddressB222s Users Guide1984Double click Local Area Connection and then select Properties.Figure 122 Windows 7: Local Area Connection StatusNote: During this procedure, click Continue whenever Windows displays a screen saying that it needs your permission to continue. Appendix BSetting Up Your Computers IP AddressB222s Users Guide1995Select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and then select Properties.Figure 123 Windows 7: Local Area Connection Properties Appendix BSetting Up Your Computers IP AddressB222s Users Guide2006The Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties window opens.Figure 124 Windows 7: Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties7Select Obtain an IP address automatically if your network administrator or ISP assigns your IP address dynamically.Select Use the following IP Address and fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Default gateway fields if you have a static IP address that was assigned to you by your network administrator or ISP. You may also have to enter a Preferred DNS server and an Alternate DNS server, if that information was provided. Click Advanced if you want to configure advanced settings for IP, DNS and WINS. 8Click OK to close the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window.9Click OK to close the Local Area Connection Properties window.Verifying Settings1Click Start > All Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt.2In the Command Prompt window, type "ipconfig" and then press [ENTER]. Appendix BSetting Up Your Computers IP AddressB222s Users Guide2013The IP settings are displayed as follows.Figure 125 Windows 7: Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) PropertiesMac OS X: 10.3 and 10.4The screens in this section are from Mac OS X 10.4 but can also apply to 10.3.1Click Apple > System Preferences.Figure 126 Mac OS X 10.4: Apple Menu Appendix BSetting Up Your Computers IP AddressB222s Users Guide2022In the System Preferences window, click the Network icon.Figure 127 Mac OS X 10.4: System Preferences3When the Network preferences pane opens, select Built-in Ethernet from the network connection type list, and then click Configure.Figure 128 Mac OS X 10.4: Network Preferences Appendix BSetting Up Your Computers IP AddressB222s Users Guide2034For dynamically assigned settings, select Using DHCP from the Configure IPv4 list in the TCP/IP tab.Figure 129 Mac OS X 10.4: Network Preferences > TCP/IP Tab.5For statically assigned settings, do the following:From the Configure IPv4 list, select Manually.In the IP Address field, type your IP address.In the Subnet Mask field, type your subnet mask. Appendix BSetting Up Your Computers IP AddressB222s Users Guide204In the Router field, type the IP address of your device.Figure 130 Mac OS X 10.4: Network Preferences > Ethernet6Click Apply Now and close the window.Verifying SettingsCheck your TCP/IP properties by clicking Applications > Utilities > Network Utilities, and then selecting the appropriate Network Interface from the Info tab.Figure 131 Mac OS X 10.4: Network UtilityMac OS X: 10.5The screens in this section are from Mac OS X 10.5. Appendix BSetting Up Your Computers IP AddressB222s Users Guide2051Click Apple > System Preferences.Figure 132 Mac OS X 10.5: Apple Menu2In System Preferences, click the Network icon.Figure 133 Mac OS X 10.5: Systems Preferences Appendix BSetting Up Your Computers IP AddressB222s Users Guide2063When the Network preferences pane opens, select Ethernet from the list of available connection types.Figure 134 Mac OS X 10.5: Network Preferences > Ethernet4From the Configure list, select Using DHCP for dynamically assigned settings.5For statically assigned settings, do the following:From the Configure list, select Manually.In the IP Address field, enter your IP address.In the Subnet Mask field, enter your subnet mask. Appendix BSetting Up Your Computers IP AddressB222s Users Guide207In the Router field, enter the IP address of your LTE Device.Figure 135 Mac OS X 10.5: Network Preferences > Ethernet6Click Apply and close the window. Appendix BSetting Up Your Computers IP AddressB222s Users Guide208Verifying SettingsCheck your TCP/IP properties by clicking Applications > Utilities > Network Utilities, and then selecting the appropriate Network interface from the Info tab.Figure 136 Mac OS X 10.5: Network UtilityLinux: Ubuntu 8 (GNOME)This section shows you how to configure your computers TCP/IP settings in the GNU Object Model Environment (GNOME) using the Ubuntu 8 Linux distribution. The procedure, screens and file locations may vary depending on your specific distribution, release version, and individual configuration. The following screens use the default Ubuntu 8 installation.Note: Make sure you are logged in as the root administrator. Follow the steps below to configure your computer IP address in GNOME: 1Click System > Administration > Network.Figure 137 Ubuntu 8: System > Administration Menu Appendix BSetting Up Your Computers IP AddressB222s Users Guide2092When the Network Settings window opens, click Unlock to open the Authenticate window. (By default, the Unlock button is greyed out until clicked.) You cannot make changes to your configuration unless you first enter your admin password.Figure 138 Ubuntu 8: Network Settings > Connections3In the Authenticate window, enter your admin account name and password then click the Authenticate button.Figure 139 Ubuntu 8: Administrator Account Authentication Appendix BSetting Up Your Computers IP AddressB222s Users Guide2104In the Network Settings window, select the connection that you want to configure, then click Properties.Figure 140 Ubuntu 8: Network Settings > Connections5The Properties dialog box opens.Figure 141 Ubuntu 8: Network Settings > PropertiesIn the Configuration list, select Automatic Configuration (DHCP) if you have a dynamic IP address.In the Configuration list, select Static IP address if you have a static IP address. Fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Gateway address fields. 6Click OK to save the changes and close the Properties dialog box and return to the Network Settings screen. Appendix BSetting Up Your Computers IP AddressB222s Users Guide2117If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click the DNS tab in the Network Settings window and then enter the DNS server information in the fields provided. Figure 142 Ubuntu 8: Network Settings > DNS 8Click the Close button to apply the changes. Appendix BSetting Up Your Computers IP AddressB222s Users Guide212Verifying SettingsCheck your TCP/IP properties by clicking System > Administration > Network Tools, and then selecting the appropriate Network device from the Devices tab. The Interface Statistics column shows data if your connection is working properly.Figure 143 Ubuntu 8: Network ToolsLinux: openSUSE 10.3 (KDE)This section shows you how to configure your computers TCP/IP settings in the K Desktop Environment (KDE) using the openSUSE 10.3 Linux distribution. The procedure, screens and file locations may vary depending on your specific distribution, release version, and individual configuration. The following screens use the default openSUSE 10.3 installation.Note: Make sure you are logged in as the root administrator. Follow the steps below to configure your computer IP address in the KDE: Appendix BSetting Up Your Computers IP AddressB222s Users Guide2131Click K Menu > Computer > Administrator Settings (YaST).Figure 144 openSUSE 10.3: K Menu > Computer Menu2When the Run as Root - KDE su dialog opens, enter the admin password and click OK.Figure 145 openSUSE 10.3: K Menu > Computer Menu Appendix BSetting Up Your Computers IP AddressB222s Users Guide2143When the YaST Control Center window opens, select Network Devices and then click the Network Card icon.Figure 146 openSUSE 10.3: YaST Control Center4When the Network Settings window opens, click the Overview tab, select the appropriate connection Name from the list, and then click the Configure button. Figure 147 openSUSE 10.3: Network Settings Appendix BSetting Up Your Computers IP AddressB222s Users Guide2155When the Network Card Setup window opens, click the Address tabFigure 148 openSUSE 10.3: Network Card Setup6Select Dynamic Address (DHCP) if you have a dynamic IP address.Select Statically assigned IP Address if you have a static IP address. Fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Hostname fields.7Click Next to save the changes and close the Network Card Setup window. Appendix BSetting Up Your Computers IP AddressB222s Users Guide2168If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click the Hostname/DNS tab in Network Settings and then enter the DNS server information in the fields provided.Figure 149 openSUSE 10.3: Network Settings9Click Finish to save your settings and close the window.Verifying SettingsClick the KNetwork Manager icon on the Task bar to check your TCP/IP properties. From the Options sub-menu, select Show Connection Information.Figure 150 openSUSE 10.3: KNetwork Manager Appendix BSetting Up Your Computers IP AddressB222s Users Guide217When the Connection Status - KNetwork Manager window opens, click the Statistics tab to see if your connection is working properly.Figure 151 openSUSE: Connection Status - KNetwork Manager Appendix BSetting Up Your Computers IP AddressB222s Users Guide218 B222s Users Guide219APPENDIX CPop-up Windows, JavaScript and JavaPermissionsIn order to use the web configurator you need to allow:Web browser pop-up windows from your device.JavaScript (enabled by default).Java permissions (enabled by default).Note: Internet Explorer 6 screens are used here. Screens for other Internet Explorer versions may vary.Internet Explorer Pop-up BlockersYou may have to disable pop-up blocking to log into your device. Either disable pop-up blocking (enabled by default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2) or allow pop-up blocking and create an exception for your devices IP address.Disable Pop-up Blockers1In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Pop-up Blocker and then select Turn Off Pop-up Blocker. Figure 152 Pop-up BlockerYou can also check if pop-up blocking is disabled in the Pop-up Blocker section in the Privacy tab. 1In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Internet Options, Privacy. Appendix CPop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java PermissionsB222s Users Guide2202Clear the Block pop-ups check box in the Pop-up Blocker section of the screen. This disables any web pop-up blockers you may have enabled. Figure 153 Internet Options: Privacy3Click Apply to save this setting.Enable Pop-up Blockers with ExceptionsAlternatively, if you only want to allow pop-up windows from your device, see the following steps.1In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Internet Options and then the Privacy tab. Appendix CPop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java PermissionsB222s Users Guide2212Select Settingsto open the Pop-up Blocker Settings screen.Figure 154 Internet Options: Privacy3Type the IP address of your device (the web page that you do not want to have blocked) with the prefix http://. For example, http://192.168.167.1. Appendix CPop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java PermissionsB222s Users Guide2224Click Add to move the IP address to the list of Allowed sites.Figure 155 Pop-up Blocker Settings5Click Close to return to the Privacy screen. 6Click Apply to save this setting. JavaScriptIf pages of the web configurator do not display properly in Internet Explorer, check that JavaScript are allowed. Appendix CPop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java PermissionsB222s Users Guide2231In Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security tab. Figure 156 Internet Options: Security 2Click the Custom Level... button. 3Scroll down to Scripting. 4Under Active scripting make sure that Enable is selected (the default).5Under Scripting of Java applets make sure that Enable is selected (the default). Appendix CPop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java PermissionsB222s Users Guide2246Click OK to close the window.Figure 157 Security Settings - Java ScriptingJava Permissions1From Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security tab. 2Click the Custom Level... button. 3Scroll down to Microsoft VM. 4Under Java permissions make sure that a safety level is selected. Appendix CPop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java PermissionsB222s Users Guide2255Click OK to close the window.Figure 158 Security Settings - Java JAVA (Sun)1From Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Advanced tab. 2Make sure that Use Java 2 for <applet> under Java (Sun) is selected. Appendix CPop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java PermissionsB222s Users Guide2263Click OK to close the window.Figure 159 Java (Sun)Mozilla FirefoxMozilla Firefox 2.0 screens are used here. Screens for other versions may vary. You can enable Java, JavaScript and pop-ups in one screen. Click Tools, then click Options in the screen that appears.Figure 160 Mozilla Firefox: Tools > Options Appendix CPop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java PermissionsB222s Users Guide227Click Content.to show the screen below. Select the check boxes as shown in the following screen.Figure 161 Mozilla Firefox Content Security Appendix CPop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java PermissionsB222s Users Guide228 B222s Users Guide229APPENDIX DWireless LANsWireless LAN TopologiesThis section discusses ad-hoc and infrastructure wireless LAN topologies.Ad-hoc Wireless LAN ConfigurationThe simplest WLAN configuration is an independent (Ad-hoc) WLAN that connects a set of computers with wireless adapters (A, B, C). Any time two or more wireless adapters are within range of each other, they can set up an independent network, which is commonly referred to as an ad-hoc network or Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS). The following diagram shows an example of notebook computers using wireless adapters to form an ad-hoc wireless LAN. Figure 162 Peer-to-Peer Communication in an Ad-hoc NetworkBSSA Basic Service Set (BSS) exists when all communications between wireless clients or between a wireless client and a wired network client go through one access point (AP). Intra-BSS traffic is traffic between wireless clients in the BSS. When Intra-BSS is enabled, wireless client A and B can access the wired network and communicate with each other. When Intra-BSS is Appendix DWireless LANsB222s Users Guide230disabled, wireless client A and B can still access the wired network but cannot communicate with each other.Figure 163 Basic Service SetESSAn Extended Service Set (ESS) consists of a series of overlapping BSSs, each containing an access point, with each access point connected together by a wired network. This wired connection between APs is called a Distribution System (DS).This type of wireless LAN topology is called an Infrastructure WLAN. The Access Points not only provide communication with the wired network but also mediate wireless network traffic in the immediate neighborhood. Appendix DWireless LANsB222s Users Guide231An ESSID (ESS IDentification) uniquely identifies each ESS. All access points and their associated wireless clients within the same ESS must have the same ESSID in order to communicate.Figure 164 Infrastructure WLANChannelA channel is the radio frequency(ies) used by wireless devices to transmit and receive data. Channels available depend on your geographical area. You may have a choice of channels (for your region) so you should use a channel different from an adjacent AP (access point) to reduce interference. Interference occurs when radio signals from different access points overlap causing interference and degrading performance.Adjacent channels partially overlap however. To avoid interference due to overlap, your AP should be on a channel at least five channels away from a channel that an adjacent AP is using. For example, if your region has 11 channels and an adjacent AP is using channel 1, then you need to select a channel between 6 or 11.RTS/CTSA hidden node occurs when two stations are within range of the same access point, but are not within range of each other. The following figure illustrates a hidden node. Both stations (STA) are within range of the access point (AP) or wireless gateway, but out-of-range of each other, so they Appendix DWireless LANsB222s Users Guide232cannot "hear" each other, that is they do not know if the channel is currently being used. Therefore, they are considered hidden from each other. Figure 165 RTS/CTSWhen station A sends data to the AP, it might not know that the station B is already using the channel. If these two stations send data at the same time, collisions may occur when both sets of data arrive at the AP at the same time, resulting in a loss of messages for both stations.RTS/CTS is designed to prevent collisions due to hidden nodes. An RTS/CTS defines the biggest size data frame you can send before an RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake is invoked.When a data frame exceeds the RTS/CTS value you set (between 0 to 2432 bytes), the station that wants to transmit this frame must first send an RTS (Request To Send) message to the AP for permission to send it. The AP then responds with a CTS (Clear to Send) message to all other stations within its range to notify them to defer their transmission. It also reserves and confirms with the requesting station the time frame for the requested transmission.Stations can send frames smaller than the specified RTS/CTS directly to the AP without the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake. You should only configure RTS/CTS if the possibility of hidden nodes exists on your network and the "cost" of resending large frames is more than the extra network overhead involved in the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake. If the RTS/CTS value is greater than the Fragmentation Threshold value (see next), then the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake will never occur as data frames will be fragmented before they reach RTS/CTS size. Note: Enabling the RTS Threshold causes redundant network overhead that could negatively affect the throughput performance instead of providing a remedy.Fragmentation ThresholdA Fragmentation Threshold is the maximum data fragment size (between 256 and 2432 bytes) that can be sent in the wireless network before the AP will fragment the packet into smaller data frames.A large Fragmentation Threshold is recommended for networks not prone to interference while you should set a smaller threshold for busy networks or networks that are prone to interference. Appendix DWireless LANsB222s Users Guide233If the Fragmentation Threshold value is smaller than the RTS/CTS value (see previously) you set then the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake will never occur as data frames will be fragmented before they reach RTS/CTS size.Preamble TypePreamble is used to signal that data is coming to the receiver. Short and long refer to the length of the synchronization field in a packet.Short preamble increases performance as less time sending preamble means more time for sending data. All IEEE 802.11 compliant wireless adapters support long preamble, but not all support short preamble. Use long preamble if you are unsure what preamble mode other wireless devices on the network support, and to provide more reliable communications in busy wireless networks. Use short preamble if you are sure all wireless devices on the network support it, and to provide more efficient communications.Use the dynamic setting to automatically use short preamble when all wireless devices on the network support it, otherwise the LTE Device uses long preamble.Note: The wireless devices MUST use the same preamble mode in order to communicate.IEEE 802.11g Wireless LANIEEE 802.11g is fully compatible with the IEEE 802.11b standard. This means an IEEE 802.11b adapter can interface directly with an IEEE 802.11g access point (and vice versa) at 11 Mbps or lower depending on range. IEEE 802.11g has several intermediate rate steps between the maximum and minimum data rates. The IEEE 802.11g data rate and modulation are as follows:Wireless Security OverviewWireless security is vital to your network to protect wireless communication between wireless clients, access points and the wired network.Wireless security methods available on the LTE Device are data encryption, wireless client authentication, restricting access by device MAC address and hiding the LTE Device identity.Table 85 IEEE 802.11gDATA RATE (MBPS)MODULATION1DBPSK (Differential Binary Phase Shift Keyed)2DQPSK (Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying)5.5 / 11CCK (Complementary Code Keying) 6/9/12/18/24/36/48/54OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) Appendix DWireless LANsB222s Users Guide234The following figure shows the relative effectiveness of these wireless security methods available on your LTE Device.Note: You must enable the same wireless security settings on the LTE Device and on all wireless clients that you want to associate with it. IEEE 802.1xIn June 2001, the IEEE 802.1x standard was designed to extend the features of IEEE 802.11 to support extended authentication as well as providing additional accounting and control features. It is supported by Windows XP and a number of network devices. Some advantages of IEEE 802.1x are:User based identification that allows for roaming.Support for RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial In User Service, RFC 2138, 2139) for centralized user profile and accounting management on a network RADIUS server. Support for EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol, RFC 2486) that allows additional authentication methods to be deployed with no changes to the access point or the wireless clients. RADIUSRADIUS is based on a client-server model that supports authentication, authorization and accounting. The access point is the client and the server is the RADIUS server. The RADIUS server handles the following tasks:Authentication Determines the identity of the users.AuthorizationDetermines the network services available to authenticated users once they are connected to the network.AccountingKeeps track of the clients network activity. Table 86 Wireless Security LevelsSECURITY LEVELSECURITY TYPELeast Secure Most SecureUnique SSID (Default)Unique SSID with Hide SSID EnabledMAC Address FilteringWEP EncryptionIEEE802.1x EAP with RADIUS Server AuthenticationWi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)WPA2 Appendix DWireless LANsB222s Users Guide235RADIUS is a simple package exchange in which your AP acts as a message relay between the wireless client and the network RADIUS server. Types of RADIUS MessagesThe following types of RADIUS messages are exchanged between the access point and the RADIUS server for user authentication:Access-RequestSent by an access point requesting authentication.Access-RejectSent by a RADIUS server rejecting access.Access-AcceptSent by a RADIUS server allowing access. Access-ChallengeSent by a RADIUS server requesting more information in order to allow access. The access point sends a proper response from the user and then sends another Access-Request message. The following types of RADIUS messages are exchanged between the access point and the RADIUS server for user accounting:Accounting-RequestSent by the access point requesting accounting.Accounting-ResponseSent by the RADIUS server to indicate that it has started or stopped accounting. In order to ensure network security, the access point and the RADIUS server use a shared secret key, which is a password, they both know. The key is not sent over the network. In addition to the shared key, password information exchanged is also encrypted to protect the network from unauthorized access. Types of EAP Authentication This section discusses some popular authentication types: EAP-MD5, EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS, PEAP and LEAP. Your wireless LAN device may not support all authentication types. EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) is an authentication protocol that runs on top of the IEEE 802.1x transport mechanism in order to support multiple types of user authentication. By using EAP to interact with an EAP-compatible RADIUS server, an access point helps a wireless station and a RADIUS server perform authentication. The type of authentication you use depends on the RADIUS server and an intermediary AP(s) that supports IEEE 802.1x. For EAP-TLS authentication type, you must first have a wired connection to the network and obtain the certificate(s) from a certificate authority (CA). A certificate (also called digital IDs) can be used to authenticate users and a CA issues certificates and guarantees the identity of each certificate owner. Appendix DWireless LANsB222s Users Guide236EAP-MD5 (Message-Digest Algorithm 5)MD5 authentication is the simplest one-way authentication method. The authentication server sends a challenge to the wireless client. The wireless client proves that it knows the password by encrypting the password with the challenge and sends back the information. Password is not sent in plain text. However, MD5 authentication has some weaknesses. Since the authentication server needs to get the plaintext passwords, the passwords must be stored. Thus someone other than the authentication server may access the password file. In addition, it is possible to impersonate an authentication server as MD5 authentication method does not perform mutual authentication. Finally, MD5 authentication method does not support data encryption with dynamic session key. You must configure WEP encryption keys for data encryption. EAP-TLS (Transport Layer Security)With EAP-TLS, digital certifications are needed by both the server and the wireless clients for mutual authentication. The server presents a certificate to the client. After validating the identity of the server, the client sends a different certificate to the server. The exchange of certificates is done in the open before a secured tunnel is created. This makes user identity vulnerable to passive attacks. A digital certificate is an electronic ID card that authenticates the senders identity. However, to implement EAP-TLS, you need a Certificate Authority (CA) to handle certificates, which imposes a management overhead. EAP-TTLS (Tunneled Transport Layer Service) EAP-TTLS is an extension of the EAP-TLS authentication that uses certificates for only the server-side authentications to establish a secure connection. Client authentication is then done by sending username and password through the secure connection, thus client identity is protected. For client authentication, EAP-TTLS supports EAP methods and legacy authentication methods such as PAP, CHAP, MS-CHAP and MS-CHAP v2. PEAP (Protected EAP) Like EAP-TTLS, server-side certificate authentication is used to establish a secure connection, then use simple username and password methods through the secured connection to authenticate the clients, thus hiding client identity. However, PEAP only supports EAP methods, such as EAP-MD5, EAP-MSCHAPv2 and EAP-GTC (EAP-Generic Token Card), for client authentication. EAP-GTC is implemented only by Cisco.LEAPLEAP (Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol) is a Cisco implementation of IEEE 802.1x. Dynamic WEP Key ExchangeThe AP maps a unique key that is generated with the RADIUS server. This key expires when the wireless connection times out, disconnects or reauthentication times out. A new WEP key is generated each time reauthentication is performed. Appendix DWireless LANsB222s Users Guide237If this feature is enabled, it is not necessary to configure a default encryption key in the wireless security configuration screen. You may still configure and store keys, but they will not be used while dynamic WEP is enabled.Note: EAP-MD5 cannot be used with Dynamic WEP Key ExchangeFor added security, certificate-based authentications (EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS and PEAP) use dynamic keys for data encryption. They are often deployed in corporate environments, but for public deployment, a simple user name and password pair is more practical. The following table is a comparison of the features of authentication types.WPA and WPA2Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) is a subset of the IEEE 802.11i standard. WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i) is a wireless security standard that defines stronger encryption, authentication and key management than WPA. Key differences between WPA or WPA2 and WEP are improved data encryption and user authentication.If both an AP and the wireless clients support WPA2 and you have an external RADIUS server, use WPA2 for stronger data encryption. If you don't have an external RADIUS server, you should use WPA2-PSK (WPA2-Pre-Shared Key) that only requires a single (identical) password entered into each access point, wireless gateway and wireless client. As long as the passwords match, a wireless client will be granted access to a WLAN. If the AP or the wireless clients do not support WPA2, just use WPA or WPA-PSK depending on whether you have an external RADIUS server or not.Select WEP only when the AP and/or wireless clients do not support WPA or WPA2. WEP is less secure than WPA or WPA2.Encryption Both WPA and WPA2 improve data encryption by using Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP), Message Integrity Check (MIC) and IEEE 802.1x. WPA and WPA2 use Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) in the Counter mode with Cipher block chaining Message authentication code Protocol (CCMP) to offer stronger encryption than TKIP.TKIP uses 128-bit keys that are dynamically generated and distributed by the authentication server. AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) is a block cipher that uses a 256-bit mathematical algorithm Table 87 Comparison of EAP Authentication TypesEAP-MD5EAP-TLSEAP-TTLSPEAPLEAPMutual AuthenticationNoYesYesYesYesCertificate ClientNoYesOptionalOptionalNoCertificate ServerNoYesYesYesNoDynamic Key ExchangeNoYesYesYesYesCredential IntegrityNoneStrongStrongStrongModerateDeployment DifficultyEasyHardModerateModerateModerateClient Identity ProtectionNoNoYesYesNo Appendix DWireless LANsB222s Users Guide238called Rijndael. They both include a per-packet key mixing function, a Message Integrity Check (MIC) named Michael, an extended initialization vector (IV) with sequencing rules, and a re-keying mechanism.WPA and WPA2 regularly change and rotate the encryption keys so that the same encryption key is never used twice. The RADIUS server distributes a Pairwise Master Key (PMK) key to the AP that then sets up a key hierarchy and management system, using the PMK to dynamically generate unique data encryption keys to encrypt every data packet that is wirelessly communicated between the AP and the wireless clients. This all happens in the background automatically.The Message Integrity Check (MIC) is designed to prevent an attacker from capturing data packets, altering them and resending them. The MIC provides a strong mathematical function in which the receiver and the transmitter each compute and then compare the MIC. If they do not match, it is assumed that the data has been tampered with and the packet is dropped. By generating unique data encryption keys for every data packet and by creating an integrity checking mechanism (MIC), with TKIP and AES it is more difficult to decrypt data on a Wi-Fi network than WEP and difficult for an intruder to break into the network. The encryption mechanisms used for WPA(2) and WPA(2)-PSK are the same. The only difference between the two is that WPA(2)-PSK uses a simple common password, instead of user-specific credentials. The common-password approach makes WPA(2)-PSK susceptible to brute-force password-guessing attacks but its still an improvement over WEP as it employs a consistent, single, alphanumeric password to derive a PMK which is used to generate unique temporal encryption keys. This prevent all wireless devices sharing the same encryption keys. (a weakness of WEP)User Authentication WPA and WPA2 apply IEEE 802.1x and Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) to authenticate wireless clients using an external RADIUS database. WPA2 reduces the number of key exchange messages from six to four (CCMP 4-way handshake) and shortens the time required to connect to a network. Other WPA2 authentication features that are different from WPA include key caching and pre-authentication. These two features are optional and may not be supported in all wireless devices.Key caching allows a wireless client to store the PMK it derived through a successful authentication with an AP. The wireless client uses the PMK when it tries to connect to the same AP and does not need to go with the authentication process again.Pre-authentication enables fast roaming by allowing the wireless client (already connecting to an AP) to perform IEEE 802.1x authentication with another AP before connecting to it.Wireless Client WPA SupplicantsA wireless client supplicant is the software that runs on an operating system instructing the wireless client how to use WPA. At the time of writing, the most widely available supplicant is the WPA patch for Windows XP, Funk Software's Odyssey client. The Windows XP patch is a free download that adds WPA capability to Windows XP's built-in "Zero Configuration" wireless client. However, you must run Windows XP to use it. Appendix DWireless LANsB222s Users Guide239WPA(2) with RADIUS Application ExampleTo set up WPA(2), you need the IP address of the RADIUS server, its port number (default is 1812), and the RADIUS shared secret. A WPA(2) application example with an external RADIUS server looks as follows. "A" is the RADIUS server. "DS" is the distribution system.1The AP passes the wireless client's authentication request to the RADIUS server.2The RADIUS server then checks the user's identification against its database and grants or denies network access accordingly.3A 256-bit Pairwise Master Key (PMK) is derived from the authentication process by the RADIUS server and the client.4The RADIUS server distributes the PMK to the AP. The AP then sets up a key hierarchy and management system, using the PMK to dynamically generate unique data encryption keys. The keys are used to encrypt every data packet that is wirelessly communicated between the AP and the wireless clients.Figure 166 WPA(2) with RADIUS Application ExampleWPA(2)-PSK Application ExampleA WPA(2)-PSK application looks as follows.1First enter identical passwords into the AP and all wireless clients. The Pre-Shared Key (PSK) must consist of between 8 and 63 ASCII characters or 64 hexadecimal characters (including spaces and symbols).2The AP checks each wireless client's password and allows it to join the network only if the password matches.3The AP and wireless clients generate a common PMK (Pairwise Master Key). The key itself is not sent over the network, but is derived from the PSK and the SSID. Appendix DWireless LANsB222s Users Guide2404The AP and wireless clients use the TKIP or AES encryption process, the PMK and information exchanged in a handshake to create temporal encryption keys. They use these keys to encrypt data exchanged between them.Figure 167 WPA(2)-PSK AuthenticationSecurity Parameters SummaryRefer to this table to see what other security parameters you should configure for each authentication method or key management protocol type. MAC address filters are not dependent on how you configure these security features.Antenna OverviewAn antenna couples RF signals onto air. A transmitter within a wireless device sends an RF signal to the antenna, which propagates the signal through the air. The antenna also operates in reverse by capturing RF signals from the air. Positioning the antennas properly increases the range and coverage area of a wireless LAN. Table 88 Wireless Security Relational MatrixAUTHENTICATION METHOD/ KEY MANAGEMENT PROTOCOLENCRYPTION METHODENTER MANUAL KEYIEEE 802.1XOpenNoneNoDisableEnable without Dynamic WEP KeyOpenWEPNo Enable with Dynamic WEP KeyYesEnable without Dynamic WEP KeyYesDisableSharedWEP No Enable with Dynamic WEP KeyYesEnable without Dynamic WEP KeyYesDisableWPA TKIP/AESNoEnableWPA-PSK TKIP/AESYesDisableWPA2TKIP/AESNoEnableWPA2-PSK TKIP/AESYesDisable Appendix DWireless LANsB222s Users Guide241Antenna CharacteristicsFrequencyAn antenna in the frequency of 2.4GHz (IEEE 802.11b and IEEE 802.11g) or 5GHz (IEEE 802.11a) is needed to communicate efficiently in a wireless LANRadiation PatternA radiation pattern is a diagram that allows you to visualize the shape of the antennas coverage area. Antenna GainAntenna gain, measured in dB (decibel), is the increase in coverage within the RF beam width. Higher antenna gain improves the range of the signal for better communications. For an indoor site, each 1 dB increase in antenna gain results in a range increase of approximately 2.5%. For an unobstructed outdoor site, each 1dB increase in gain results in a range increase of approximately 5%. Actual results may vary depending on the network environment. Antenna gain is sometimes specified in dBi, which is how much the antenna increases the signal power compared to using an isotropic antenna. An isotropic antenna is a theoretical perfect antenna that sends out radio signals equally well in all directions. dBi represents the true gain that the antenna provides. Types of Antennas for WLANThere are two types of antennas used for wireless LAN applications.Omni-directional antennas send the RF signal out in all directions on a horizontal plane. The coverage area is torus-shaped (like a donut) which makes these antennas ideal for a room environment. With a wide coverage area, it is possible to make circular overlapping coverage areas with multiple access points. Directional antennas concentrate the RF signal in a beam, like a flashlight does with the light from its bulb. The angle of the beam determines the width of the coverage pattern. Angles typically range from 20 degrees (very directional) to 120 degrees (less directional). Directional antennas are ideal for hallways and outdoor point-to-point applications.Positioning AntennasIn general, antennas should be mounted as high as practically possible and free of obstructions. In point-topoint application, position both antennas at the same height and in a direct line of sight to each other to attain the best performance. For omni-directional antennas mounted on a table, desk, and so on, point the antenna up. For omni-directional antennas mounted on a wall or ceiling, point the antenna down. For a single AP application, place omni-directional antennas as close to the center of the coverage area as possible. For directional antennas, point the antenna in the direction of the desired coverage area. Appendix DWireless LANsB222s Users Guide242WiFi Protected SetupYour LTE Device supports WiFi Protected Setup (WPS), which is an easy way to set up a secure wireless network. WPS is an industry standard specification, defined by the WiFi Alliance.WPS allows you to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without having to configure security settings manually. Each WPS connection works between two devices. Both devices must support WPS (check each devices documentation to make sure). Depending on the devices you have, you can either press a button (on the device itself, or in its configuration utility) or enter a PIN (a unique Personal Identification Number that allows one device to authenticate the other) in each of the two devices. When WPS is activated on a device, it has two minutes to find another device that also has WPS activated. Then, the two devices connect and set up a secure network by themselves.Push Button ConfigurationWPS Push Button Configuration (PBC) is initiated by pressing a button on each WPS-enabled device, and allowing them to connect automatically. You do not need to enter any information. Not every WPS-enabled device has a physical WPS button. Some may have a WPS PBC button in their configuration utilities instead of or in addition to the physical button.Take the following steps to set up WPS using the button.1Ensure that the two devices you want to set up are within wireless range of one another. 2Look for a WPS button on each device. If the device does not have one, log into its configuration utility and locate the button (see the devices Users Guide for how to do this - for the LTE Device, see Section 5.4 on page 53).3Press the button on one of the devices (it doesnt matter which).4Within two minutes, press the button on the other device. The registrar sends the network name (SSID) and security key through an secure connection to the enrollee.If you need to make sure that WPS worked, check the list of associated wireless clients in the APs configuration utility. If you see the wireless client in the list, WPS was successful.PIN ConfigurationEach WPS-enabled device has its own PIN (Personal Identification Number). This may either be static (it cannot be changed) or dynamic (you can change it to a new random number by clicking on a button in the configuration interface). When you use the PIN method, you must enter the enrollees PIN into the registrar. Then, when WPS is activated on the enrollee, it presents its PIN to the registrar. If the PIN matches, the registrar sends the network and security information to the enrollee, allowing it to join the network. The advantage of using the PIN method rather than the PBC method is that you can ensure that the connection is established between the devices you specify, not just the first two devices to activate WPS in the area. However, you need to log into the configuration interfaces of both devices.Take the following steps to set up WPS using the PIN method. Appendix DWireless LANsB222s Users Guide2431Decide which device you want to be the registrar (usually the AP) and which you want to be the enrollee (usually the client). 2Look for the enrollees WPS PIN; it may be displayed on the device. If you dont see it, log into the enrollees configuration interface and locate the PIN. Select the PIN connection mode (not PBC connection mode). See the devices Users Guide for how to do this - for the LTE Device, see Section 5.4 on page 53.3Log into the configuration utility of the registrar. Select the PIN connection mode (not the PBC connection mode). Locate the place where you can enter the enrollees PIN (if you are using the LTE Device, see Section 5.4 on page 53). Enter the PIN from the enrollee device.4Activate WPS on both devices within two minutes. Note: Use the configuration utility to activate WPS, not the push-button on the device itself.5On a computer connected to the wireless client, try to connect to the Internet. If you can connect, WPS was successful.If you cannot connect, check the list of associated wireless clients in the APs configuration utility. If you see the wireless client in the list, WPS was successful. Appendix DWireless LANsB222s Users Guide244The following figure shows a WPS-enabled wireless client (installed in a notebook computer) connecting to the WPS-enabled AP via the PIN method.Figure 168 Example WPS Process: PIN MethodHow WPS WorksWhen two WPS-enabled devices connect, each device must assume a specific role. One device acts as the registrar (the device that supplies network and security settings) and the other device acts as the enrollee (the device that receives network and security settings. The registrar creates a secure EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) tunnel and sends the network name (SSID) and the WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK pre-shared key to the enrollee. Whether WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK is used depends on the standards supported by the devices. If the registrar is already part of a network, it sends the existing information. If not, it generates the SSID and WPA(2)-PSK randomly.ENROLLEESECURE EAP TUNNELSSIDWPA(2)-PSKWITHIN 2 MINUTESCOMMUNICATIONThis devices WPSEnter WPS PIN WPSfrom other device: WPS PIN: 123456WPSSTARTWPSSTARTREGISTRAR Appendix DWireless LANsB222s Users Guide245The following figure shows a WPS-enabled client (installed in a notebook computer) connecting to a WPS-enabled access point.Figure 169 How WPS worksThe roles of registrar and enrollee last only as long as the WPS setup process is active (two minutes). The next time you use WPS, a different device can be the registrar if necessary.The WPS connection process is like a handshake; only two devices participate in each WPS transaction. If you want to add more devices you should repeat the process with one of the existing networked devices and the new device.Note that the access point (AP) is not always the registrar, and the wireless client is not always the enrollee. All WPS-certified APs can be a registrar, and so can some WPS-enabled wireless clients.By default, a WPS devices is unconfigured. This means that it is not part of an existing network and can act as either enrollee or registrar (if it supports both functions). If the registrar is unconfigured, the security settings it transmits to the enrollee are randomly-generated. Once a WPS-enabled device has connected to another device using WPS, it becomes configured. A configured wireless client can still act as enrollee or registrar in subsequent WPS connections, but a configured access point can no longer act as enrollee. It will be the registrar in all subsequent WPS connections in which it is involved. If you want a configured AP to act as an enrollee, you must reset it to its factory defaults.Example WPS Network SetupThis section shows how security settings are distributed in an example WPS setup.The following figure shows an example network. In step 1, both AP1 and Client 1 are unconfigured. When WPS is activated on both, they perform the handshake. In this example, AP1 SECURE TUNNELSECURITY INFOWITHIN 2 MINUTESCOMMUNICATIONACTIVATEWPSACTIVATEWPSWPS HANDSHAKEREGISTRARENROLLEE Appendix DWireless LANsB222s Users Guide246is the registrar, and Client 1 is the enrollee. The registrar randomly generates the security information to set up the network, since it is unconfigured and has no existing information.Figure 170 WPS: Example Network Step 1In step 2, you add another wireless client to the network. You know that Client 1 supports registrar mode, but it is better to use AP1 for the WPS handshake with the new client since you must connect to the access point anyway in order to use the network. In this case, AP1 must be the registrar, since it is configured (it already has security information for the network). AP1 supplies the existing security information to Client 2.Figure 171 WPS: Example Network Step 2REGISTRARENROLLEESECURITY INFOCLIENT 1AP1REGISTRARCLIENT 1AP1ENROLLEECLIENT 2EXISTING CONNECTIONSECURITY INFO Appendix DWireless LANsB222s Users Guide247In step 3, you add another access point (AP2) to your network. AP2 is out of range of AP1, so you cannot use AP1 for the WPS handshake with the new access point. However, you know that Client 2 supports the registrar function, so you use it to perform the WPS handshake instead.Figure 172 WPS: Example Network Step 3Limitations of WPSWPS has some limitations of which you should be aware. WPS works in Infrastructure networks only (where an AP and a wireless client communicate). It does not work in Ad-Hoc networks (where there is no AP).When you use WPS, it works between two devices only. You cannot enroll multiple devices simultaneously, you must enroll one after the other. For instance, if you have two enrollees and one registrar you must set up the first enrollee (by pressing the WPS button on the registrar and the first enrollee, for example), then check that it successfully enrolled, then set up the second device in the same way.WPS works only with other WPS-enabled devices. However, you can still add non-WPS devices to a network you already set up using WPS. WPS works by automatically issuing a randomly-generated WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK pre-shared key from the registrar device to the enrollee devices. Whether the network uses WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK depends on the device. You can check the configuration interface of the registrar device to discover the key the network is using (if the device supports this feature). Then, you can enter the key into the non-WPS device and join the network as normal (the non-WPS device must also support WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK).CLIENT 1AP1REGISTRARCLIENT 2EXISTING CONNECTIONSECURITY INFOENROLLEEAP1EXISTING CONNECTION Appendix DWireless LANsB222s Users Guide248When you use the PBC method, there is a short period (from the moment you press the button on one device to the moment you press the button on the other device) when any WPS-enabled device could join the network. This is because the registrar has no way of identifying the correct enrollee, and cannot differentiate between your enrollee and a rogue device. This is a possible way for a hacker to gain access to a network.You can easily check to see if this has happened. WPS works between only two devices simultaneously, so if another device has enrolled your device will be unable to enroll, and will not have access to the network. If this happens, open the access points configuration interface and look at the list of associated clients (usually displayed by MAC address). It does not matter if the access point is the WPS registrar, the enrollee, or was not involved in the WPS handshake; a rogue device must still associate with the access point to gain access to the network. Check the MAC addresses of your wireless clients (usually printed on a label on the bottom of the device). If there is an unknown MAC address you can remove it or reset the AP. B222s Users Guide249APPENDIX ECommon ServicesThe following table lists some commonly-used services and their associated protocols and port numbers. For a comprehensive list of port numbers, ICMP type/code numbers and services, visit the IANA (Internet Assigned Number Authority) web site. Name: This is a short, descriptive name for the service. You can use this one or create a different one, if you like.Protocol: This is the type of IP protocol used by the service. If this is TCP/UDP, then the service uses the same port number with TCP and UDP. If this is USER-DEFINED, the Port(s) is the IP protocol number, not the port number.Port(s): This value depends on the Protocol. Please refer to RFC 1700 for further information about port numbers.If the Protocol is TCP, UDP, or TCP/UDP, this is the IP port number.If the Protocol is USER, this is the IP protocol number.Description: This is a brief explanation of the applications that use this service or the situations in which this service is used.Table 89 Commonly Used ServicesNAMEPROTOCOLPORT(S)DESCRIPTIONAH (IPSEC_TUNNEL)User-Defined51The IPSEC AH (Authentication Header) tunneling protocol uses this service.AIM/New-ICQTCP5190AOLs Internet Messenger service. It is also used as a listening port by ICQ.AUTHTCP113Authentication protocol used by some servers.BGPTCP179Border Gateway Protocol.BOOTP_CLIENTUDP68DHCP Client.BOOTP_SERVERUDP67DHCP Server.CU-SEEMETCPUDP764824032A popular videoconferencing solution from White Pines Software.DNSTCP/UDP53Domain Name Server, a service that matches web names (for example www.example.com) to IP numbers.ESP (IPSEC_TUNNEL)User-Defined50The IPSEC ESP (Encapsulation Security Protocol) tunneling protocol uses this service.FINGERTCP79Finger is a UNIX or Internet related command that can be used to find out if a user is logged on.FTPTCPTCP2021File Transfer Program, a program to enable fast transfer of files, including large files that may not be possible by e-mail.H.323TCP1720NetMeeting uses this protocol.HTTPTCP80Hyper Text Transfer Protocol - a client/server protocol for the world wide web.HTTPSTCP443HTTPS is a secured http session often used in e-commerce. Appendix ECommon ServicesB222s Users Guide250ICMPUser-Defined1Internet Control Message Protocol is often used for diagnostic or routing purposes.ICQUDP4000This is a popular Internet chat program.IGMP (MULTICAST)User-Defined2Internet Group Management Protocol is used when sending packets to a specific group of hosts.IKEUDP500The Internet Key Exchange algorithm is used for key distribution and management.IRCTCP/UDP6667This is another popular Internet chat program.MSN MessengerTCP1863Microsoft Networks messenger service uses this protocol. NEW-ICQTCP5190An Internet chat program.NEWS TCP144A protocol for news groups.NFSUDP2049Network File System - NFS is a client/server distributed file service that provides transparent file sharing for network environments.NNTPTCP119Network News Transport Protocol is the delivery mechanism for the USENET newsgroup service.PINGUser-Defined1Packet INternet Groper is a protocol that sends out ICMP echo requests to test whether or not a remote host is reachable.POP3TCP110Post Office Protocol version 3 lets a client computer get e-mail from a POP3 server through a temporary connection (TCP/IP or other).PPTPTCP1723Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol enables secure transfer of data over public networks. This is the control channel.PPTP_TUNNEL (GRE)User-Defined47PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) enables secure transfer of data over public networks. This is the data channel.RCMDTCP512Remote Command Service.REAL_AUDIOTCP7070A streaming audio service that enables real time sound over the web.REXECTCP514Remote Execution Daemon.RLOGINTCP513Remote Login.RTELNETTCP107Remote Telnet.RTSPTCP/UDP554The Real Time Streaming (media control) Protocol (RTSP) is a remote control for multimedia on the Internet. SFTPTCP115Simple File Transfer Protocol.SMTPTCP25Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is the message-exchange standard for the Internet. SMTP enables you to move messages from one e-mail server to another.SNMPTCP/UDP161Simple Network Management Program.SNMP-TRAPSTCP/UDP162Traps for use with the SNMP (RFC:1215).SQL-NETTCP1521Structured Query Language is an interface to access data on many different types of database systems, including mainframes, midrange systems, UNIX systems and network servers.SSHTCP/UDP22Secure Shell Remote Login Program.STRM WORKSUDP1558Stream Works Protocol.SYSLOGUDP514Syslog allows you to send system logs to a UNIX server.Table 89 Commonly Used Services (continued)NAMEPROTOCOLPORT(S)DESCRIPTION Appendix ECommon ServicesB222s Users Guide251TACACSUDP49Login Host Protocol used for (Terminal Access Controller Access Control System).TELNETTCP23Telnet is the login and terminal emulation protocol common on the Internet and in UNIX environments. It operates over TCP/IP networks. Its primary function is to allow users to log into remote host systems.TFTPUDP69Trivial File Transfer Protocol is an Internet file transfer protocol similar to FTP, but uses the UDP (User Datagram Protocol) rather than TCP (Transmission Control Protocol).VDOLIVETCP7000Another videoconferencing solution.Table 89 Commonly Used Services (continued)NAMEPROTOCOLPORT(S)DESCRIPTION Appendix ECommon ServicesB222s Users Guide252 B222s Users Guide253APPENDIX FLegal InformationL'utilisation de cet equipement (2.4GHz wireless LAN) est soumise certaines restrictions: cet equipement peut tre utilis l'interieur d'un batiment en utilisant toutes les frequences de 2400 a 2483.5MHz (Chaine 1-13). Pour une utilisation en environement exterieur, les frequences comprises entre 2400-2454 MHz peuvent tre utilis. Pour les dernires restrictions, voir http://www.art-telecom.fr.For 2.4-GHz wireless LAN operation of this product, certain restrictions apply. This equipment may use the entire-2400-MHz to 2483.5-MHz frequency band (channels 1 through 13) for indoor applications. For outdoor use, only 2400-2454 MHz frequency band may be used. For the latest requirements, see http://www.art-telecom.fr. Certifications (Class B)Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Interference StatementThe device complies with Part 15 of FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:This device may not cause harmful interference.This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operations.This device has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This device generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy, and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation.If this device does cause harmful interference to radio/television reception, which can be determined by turning the device off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:1Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.2Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver.3Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.4Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.FCC Caution: Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate this equipment. FCC Radiation Exposure Statement The ODU must be fixed-mounted on outdoor permanent structures to satisfy RF exposure requirements. This device meets the government's requirements for exposure to radio waves. This device is designed and manufactured not to exceed the emission limits for exposure to radio frequency (RF) energy set by the Federal Communications Commission of the U.S. Government. This device complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment. In order to avoid the possibility of exceeding the FCC radio frequency exposure limits, human proximity to the indoor device (IDU) antenna shall not be less than 20cm; to the outdoor device (ODU) antenna shall not be less than 35cm during normal operation. This transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. IEEE 802.11b, 802.11g or 802.11n(20MHz) operation of this product in the U.S.A. is firmware-limited to channels 1 through 11. IEEE 802.11n(40MHz) operation of this product in the U.S.A. is firmware-limited to channels 3 through 9. IEEE 802.11b or 802.11g operation of this product in the U.S.A. is firmware-limited to channels 1 through 11. ! Appendix FLegal InformationB222s Users Guide254 Notices Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment.This device is designed for the WLAN 2.4 GHz and/or 5 GHz networks throughout the EC region and Switzerland, with restrictions in France.Ce produit est conu pour les bandes de frquences 2,4 GHz et/ou 5 GHz conformment la lgislation Europenne. En France mtropolitaine, suivant les dcisions n03-908 et 03-909 de lARCEP, la puissance dmission ne devra pas dpasser 10 mW (10 dB) dans le cadre dune installation WiFi en extrieur pour les frquences comprises entre 2454 MHz et 2483,5 MHz. This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.Cet appareil numrique de la classe B est conforme la norme NMB-003 du Canada.Safety WarningsDo NOT use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming pool.Do NOT expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids.Do NOT store things on the device.Do NOT install, use, or service this device during a thunderstorm. There is a remote risk of electric shock from lightning.Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device.Do NOT open the device or unit. Opening or removing covers can expose you to dangerous high voltage points or other risks. ONLY qualified service personnel should service or disassemble this device. Please contact your vendor for further information.Make sure to connect the cables to the correct ports.Place connecting cables carefully so that no one will step on them or stumble over them.Always disconnect all cables from this device before servicing or disassembling.Use ONLY an appropriate power adaptor or cord for your device.Connect the power adaptor or cord to the right supply voltage (for example, 110V AC in North America or 230V AC in Europe).Do NOT remove the plug and connect it to a power outlet by itself; always attach the plug to the power adaptor first before connecting it to a power outlet. Do NOT allow anything to rest on the power adaptor or cord and do NOT place the product where anyone can walk on the power adaptor or cord.Do NOT use the device if the power adaptor or cord is damaged as it might cause electrocution.If the power adaptor or cord is damaged, remove it from the device and the power source.Do NOT attempt to repair the power adaptor or cord. Contact your local vendor to order a new one.Do not use the indoor device (IDU) outside, and make sure all the connections are indoors. There is a remote risk of electric shock from lightning. Do NOT obstruct the device ventilation slots, as insufficient airflow may harm your device. Use only No. 26 AWG (American Wire Gauge) or larger telecommunication line cord.If you wall mount your device, make sure that no electrical lines, gas or water pipes will be damaged. Your product is marked with this symbol, which is known as the WEEE mark. WEEE stands for Waste Electronics and Electrical Equipment. It means that used electrical and electronic products should not be mixed with general waste. Used electrical and electronic equipment should be treated separately. IndexB222s Users Guide255IndexAACK message140activationSSID52wireless LANscheduling57administrator password21Advanced Encryption Standard, see AESAES237alternative subnet mask notation182antennadirectional241gain241omni-directional241AP (Access Point)231applicationsInternet access15VoIP16authentication58, 59RADIUS server59automatic logout21Bbackupconfiguration167bandwidth management83Basic Service Set, see BSSblinking LEDs18Broadband35BSS61, 229example61BYE request140CCA236call hold142call rule134call service mode142call transfer143call waiting143CAPWAP36, 38Certificate Authority, see CAcertifications253notices254channel231interference231channel scan47channel, wireless LAN44Class of Service141Class of Service, see CoSclient list72client-server protocol137comfort noise generation122configurationbackup167reset169restoring168Control and Provisioning of Wireless Access PointsSee CAPWAPcopyright253CoS93, 141CTS (Clear to Send)232CTS threshold58Ddata fragment threshold58default LAN IP address21Denials of Service, see DoSDHCP32, 70, 103diagnostic171differentiated services141Differentiated Services, see DiffServ IndexB222s Users Guide256DiffServ (Differentiated Services)141code points141marking rule94, 141DNS70, 79DNS server address assignment41documentationrelated2domain name system, see DNSDomain Name System. See DNS.DoS106DS (Differentiated Services)93DS field93, 141DSCP93, 141DTLS36dynamic DNS103Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, see DHCPdynamic WEP key exchange236DYNDNS wildcard103EEAP Authentication235echo cancellation122Encapsulation41encapsulation35encryption60, 237ESS230Europe type call service mode142Extended Service Set IDentification46, 53Extended Service Set, see ESSFFCC interference statement253filtersMAC address59firewalls105configuration108DoS106security112firmware165flash key142flashing142fragmentation threshold58, 232FTP96GG.168122GuideQuick Start2Hhidden node231host155host name31IIANA186IBSS229IEEE 802.11g233Independent Basic Service Set, see IBSSinitialization vector (IV)238Internet access15Internet Assigned Numbers Authority, see IANAInternet Service Provider, see ISPIP address32default21WAN36IP Address Assignment41IP pool71ISP35ITU-T122LLAN69client list72MAC address73limitations IndexB222s Users Guide257wireless LAN60WPS67listening port127Local Area Network, see LANloginpasswords21logout21automatic21logs145, 163MMAC31, 115MAC address73filter59MAC address filtering115MAC filter115Management ModeCAPWAP and DHCP37CAPWAP and IP Subnets37managed AP36managing the devicegood habits18using FTP. See FTP.MBSSID61Media access control115Media Access Control, see MAC AddressMessage Integrity Check, see MICMIC237model name31multimedia136Multiple BSS, see MBSSIDNNAT96, 186definitions100how it works101what it does101Network Address Translation, see NATnetwork map24non-proxy calls134OOK response140other documentation2PPairwise Master Key (PMK)238, 239passphrase48passwords21PBC62peer-to-peer calls134Per-Hop Behavior, see PHBPHB94, 141phone bookspeed dial134PIN, WPS62example64ports18PPP over Ethernet, see PPPoEPPPoE35preamble58preamble mode233protocol35PSK238Push Button Configuration, see PBCpush button, WPS62QQoS83, 84, 93, 140Quality of Service, see QoSQuick Start Guide2, 21RRADIUS234message types235messages235shared secret key235RADIUS server59 IndexB222s Users Guide258Real time Transport Protocol, see RTPrelated documentation2Request To Send, see RTSreset169RESET button20restart169restoring configuration168RFC 163195RFC 1889139RFC 3164145router features15RTP139RTS (Request To Send)232threshold231, 232RTS threshold58Ssafety warnings254scan47schedulingwireless LAN57securitywireless LAN58security, network112service access control157Service Set46, 53Session Initiation Protocol, see SIPsilence suppression122SIP136account136call progression139client137identities136INVITE request140number136proxy server137redirect server138register server139servers137service domain136URI136user agent137speed dial134SSID59activation52MBSSID61static route75status29status indicators18subnet179subnet mask180subnetting182supplementary services141syslogprotocol145severity levels145systemfirmware165passwords21status29System Info31system name31, 160TTemporal Key Integrity Protocol, see TKIPThe36three-way conference143thresholdsdata fragment58RTS/CTS58TKIP237ToS140Type of Service, see ToSUUniform Resource Identifier136Universal Plug and Play, see UPnPupgrading firmware165UPnP73security issues70 IndexB222s Users Guide259VVAD122versionfirmwareversion32voice activity detection122voice coding140VoIP136features16peer-to-peer calls134VoIP features16VoIP status152WWANWide Area Network, see WAN35warnings254Web Configurator21web configuratorpasswords21WEP48, 60WEP Encryption49Wi-Fi Protected Access, see WPAwirelesssecurity233wireless client WPA supplicants238wireless LAN43authentication58, 59BSS61example61channel44encryption60example44fragmentation threshold58limitations60MAC address filter59MBSSID61preamble58RADIUS server59RTS/CTS threshold58scheduling57security58SSID59activation52WEP60WPA60WPA-PSK60WPS62, 64example65limitations67PIN62push button62wireless networkexample43wireless security233WLAN43auto-scan channel47interference231passphrase48scheduling57security parameters240see also wireless.WEP48WLAN button17WPA60, 237key caching238pre-authentication238user authentication238vs WPA-PSK238wireless client supplicant238with RADIUS application example239WPA2237user authentication238vs WPA2-PSK238wireless client supplicant238with RADIUS application example239WPA2-Pre-Shared Key, see WPA2-PSKWPA2-PSK237, 238application example239WPA-PSK60, 237, 238application example239WPS62, 64example65limitations67PIN62example64push button62