LinkNet LNKA100, LNKF400, LNKA800 RF BROADBAND AMPLIFIER MODULES User, Installation, Operation, and Maintenance Manual DCM000000054 Rev Q October 2005 2005 Powerwave Technologies Incorporated. All rights reserved. Powerwave Technologies, and the Powerwave logo are registered trademarks. This Powerwave product is intended only for installation in a RESTRICTED ACCESS LOCATION and is designed to operate within the Normal Operating
(typical operating) ranges or conditions specified in this document. Operation of this equipment beyond the specified ranges in this document may cause:
1. Spurious emissions that violate regulatory requirements. 2. The equipment to be automatically removed from service when maximum thresholds are exceeded. 3. The equipment to not perform in accordance with its specifications. It is the Operator's responsibility to ensure this equipment is properly installed and operated within Powerwave operating specifications to obtain proper performance from the equipment and to comply with regulatory requirements. Warnings, Cautions, and Notes Warnings, Cautions, and Notes Warnings, cautions, and notes are found throughout this manual where applicable. The associated icons are used to quickly identify a potential condition that could result in the consequences described below if precautions are not taken. Notes clarify and provide additional information to assist the user. Warning This warning symbol means danger. You are in a situation that could cause bodily injury. Before you work on any equipment, be aware of the hazards involved with electrical and RF circuitry and be familiar with standard practices for preventing accidents. Caution This caution symbol means reader be careful. In this situation, the user might do something that could result in equipment damage or loss of data. Note This note symbol means reader take note. Notes contain helpful suggestions or references to material not covered in the document. Procedures are not contained in notes. DCM000000054 Rev Q i Revision Record Revision Letter Q P ii Revision Record Date of Change October 2005 July 2005 Reason for Change Added 700 MHz models, misc. corrections Converted Kaval Rev 14 to Powerwave Format DCM000000054 Rev Q 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 3 3.1 3.2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 Theory of Operation Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1-1 OVERVIEW ......................................................................................................................... 1-1 MODELS ............................................................................................................................ 1-1 BLOCK DIAGRAM ................................................................................................................ 1-2 MODULE SPECIFICATIONS................................................................................................... 1-3 Chapter 2 - Operation Introduction .................................................................................................................... 2-1 SOFTWARE SET-UP............................................................................................................ 2-1 CONFIGURATION ................................................................................................................ 2-1 DERATING CHART .............................................................................................................. 2-2 POWER ON SELF TEST (POST).......................................................................................... 2-2 FAULT INDICATIONS............................................................................................................ 2-3 NORMAL OPERATION.......................................................................................................... 2-3 Chapter 3 - Antenna Installation Introduction .................................................................................................................... 3-1 ANTENNA INSTALLATION ..................................................................................................... 3-1 FCC INFORMATION TO USERS ............................................................................................ 3-2 Chapter 4 - Return for Service Introduction .................................................................................................................... 4-1 4 RETURN FOR SERVICE PROCEDURE ................................................................................... 4-1 4.1 4.1.1 Obtaining An RMA ........................................................................................................... 4-1 4.1.2 Repackaging For Shipment ............................................................................................. 4-1 4.2 PARTS AND ACCESSORIES.................................................................................................. 4-1 DCM000000054 Rev Q iii Table of Figures TABLE OF FIGURES Figure 1 Block Diagram LNKA RF Module................................................................................... 1-2 Figure 2 LNKA Faceplate ............................................................................................................. 2-3 TABLE OF TABLES Table 1 LNKA Module Family....................................................................................................... 1-1 Table 2 LNKA Module Specifications ........................................................................................... 1-3 Table 3 LNKA Factory Set Options .............................................................................................. 2-1 iv DCM000000054 Rev Q Chapter 1 Theory of Operation Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Antenna Installation Return for Service Theory of Operation Operation 1 Introduction This manual contains information and procedures for installation, operation, maintenance, and troubleshooting of the LNKA Modules. The manual is organized into the following chapters:
1.1 Overview A LinkNet Amplifier Module is a Broad-Band Digitally Controlled Class-A Amplifier. The most common LinkNet Amplifier Module applications are the extension of above ground signals into buildings, tunnels, vehicles or the extension of radio coverage patterns into outdoor shaded areas such as deep valleys. From an applications standpoint, a LinkNet Amplifier Module is very similar to a regular two-way radio repeater. LinkNet Amplifier Modules can be combined using regular two-way radio multicoupling or duplexing equipment and have input and output signal characteristics to those of regular transmitters and receivers. The one special consideration in LinkNet Amplifier Module systems is that of input to output antenna isolation. This must be carefully engineered for each installation. LinkNet Amplifier Modules are designed for indoor use only and are intended for mounting in a standard EIA 19 inch rack. The Modular design of LinkNet Amplifier Module circuitry allows for easy servicing, stocking of spares, adaptability and upgrade ability. 1.2 Models Table 1 LNKA Module Family LNKA MODULE FAMILY MODEL TYPE LNKA100-A LNKA100-B LNKA400-A LNKA400-B LNKA700-A LNKA700-B LNKA800-A LNKA800-B LNKA800-C LNKA800-D LNKA800-E Broadband Amplifier Broadband Amplifier Broadband Amplifier Broadband Amplifier Broadband Amplifier Broadband Amplifier Broadband Amplifier Broadband Amplifier Broadband Amplifier Broadband Amplifier Broadband Amplifier LNKA800-F Broadband Amplifier FREQUENCY 136-155 MHz (FCC) 138-155 MHz(Industry Canada) 150-174 MHz 403-430 MHz 450-512 MHz 762-776 MHz 792-806 MHz 806-824 MHz 851-869 MHz 824-849 MHz 869-894 MHz 896-902 MHz Capable 896-901 FCC Approved 928-941 MHz Capable 929-930 / 935-940 FCC Approved LNKA800-G LNKA900-A LNKA900-B Broadband Amplifier Broadband Amplifier Broadband Amplifier 935-941 MHz 890-915 MHz Future Release 935-960 MHz Future Release DCM000000054 Rev Q 1-1 Block Diagram Filter Filter Digital Gain Control AGC Gain Control Loop Linear Power Amplifier RF Output Amplifier Board SMA RF Connector 1.3 Block Diagram LNKA RF Module:
Power &
Control to Backplane Communication Interfaces SMA RF Connector Power Circuits RF Input Gain Control UMC Controller Board without TCXO Micro-
Controller with lines to all Boards Figure 1 Block Diagram LNKA RF Module 1-2 DCM000000054 Rev Q Module Specifications 1.4 Module Specifications Table 2 LNKA Module Specifications Frequency Bands Modulation & Channel Spacing RF Output Power Capability AGC Control Adjustment Range AGC Attack Time (10%-90%) AGC Decay Time (90%-10%) RF Gain Adjustment Range Gain Variation over Passband Max RF Input, no damage Noise Figure Maximum RF Input Transmit Duty Cycle Transmit Spurious Receive Conducted Spurious Group Delay Input Return Loss RF Connectors Module Power Supply Requirements Connections Front Panel Indicators Configuration Options Operating Temperature Range Operating Humidity Range Size & Weight FCC Identifiers Industry Canada Certifications See Model Chart Broadband Amplifiers 1dB Compression Point = +37 dBm Typical IP3 Intermodulation = +47 dBm
+15 to +30 dBm or Disabled 0.5 - 5 mS Typical 50 - 200 mS Typical
+34 to +84 dB in 1 dB Steps 2 dB Maximum
+10 dBm with Min Gain & Max RF Out
<8 dB, 5 dB Typical Output Level from De-rating Chart minus the Gain. As an example, for 1 FM Carrier (+33 dBm) at minimum Gain (+34 dB) the Maximum RF Input is -1 dBm. Continuous
-13 dBm max
-57 dBm Max
< 200 nS
(< 100 nS Variation across Passband)
>14 dB SMA (50) Connectors 40 Watts Maximum Edge Connector & 2 SMA RF Connectors, DB-15 Connector on back of Card-Cage provides per-Module Fault Relay, Interconnect to other Modules, & RS-232 Connection Operating, Stand by, Fault, Program Mode RF Modules may be configured either via the optional Controller Module, or via a PC and an RS-232 Connection via the Card-Cage.
-10 to +50oC; consult Manual DCM000000008 for cooling requirements 10 to 90% RH, Non-Condensing 9.11 High, 2.00 Wide, 14.00 Deep, 10 lbs, 4.5 kg Max FCC: H6M-LNKA100 VHF H6M-LNKA400 UHF H6M-LNKA800 800-900MHz E675JS0080 700-900 MHz (pending) IC:
2868C-5JS0080 700-900 MHz (pending) 1541A-LNKA100 VHF 1541A-LNKA400 UHF 1541311246A 800-900MHz Also consult the main LinkNet Manual DCM000000008. DCM000000054 Rev Q 1-3
(This page intentionally left blank) 1-4 DCM000000054 Rev Q Chapter 2 Operation 2 Introduction This chapter contains information for the standard operation of the LNKA Modules. 2.1 Software Set-Up The LNKA modules is shipped with the following factory set options:
Table 3 LNKA Factory Set Options RANGE OF VALUES DEFAULT VALUE OPTION Frequency Gain AGC See Model Chart
+34 to +84 dB
+15 to +30 dBm or Disabled Order Specific
+34 dB
+30 dBm On Module Enabled On / Off Default values may be changed when an order is placed. Check your order confirmation (shipped with modules) for customized values. 2.2 Configuration In line with the versatility of the LinkNetTM Platform, it is possible to reconfigure the LNKA module in the field, either with a Personal Computer (PC) or via the optional Control Module. To use a PC it is necessary to have a Powerwave CAB000000057 control cable to connect between the appropriate module's DB15 connector on the back of the card-cage and the standard DB9 RS232 connector on the PC. On the PC a terminal emulation program such as HyperTerminal is used to communicate to the LinkNet Module. The settings are 9600 baud, 8 bits, no parity, and 1 stop bit. Commands are one or two words followed by pressing Return. Commands may be given in upper or lower-case. Available commands are:
ACCESS USER:
Required as a simple password to gain access to customer settable parameters and diagnostics. This will time-out after 10 minutes, and may have to be re-typed. Displays a list of available commands. Displays current settings and status faults, etc. Display the current version of software. Enables or disables the module. Displays or sets the module gain (in tenths of a dB). Displays or sets the AGC level (in tenths of a dBm). Enables or disables AGC. HELP or ?:
LIST:
VER:
ENABLE 1 or 0:
GAIN ###:
AGCTHRESH ###:
AGCEN 1 or 0:
Please consult Powerwave Technologies Inc. for further support. DCM000000054 Rev Q 2-1 Derating Chart 2.3 Derating Chart To maintain the FCC Spurious Emissions limit of -13 dBm maximum, for multiple carriers it is necessary to derate their power level. For FM carriers, they need to be derated as shown:
Table 4 Power Derating Chart Number of Carriers Power per Carrier 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 15 20 25 30
+33 dBm
+26 dBm
+24 dBm
+22 dBm
+20 dBm
+19 dBm
+18 dBm
+17 dBm
+16 dBm
+15 dBm
+13 dBm
+11 dBm
+10 dBm
+9 dBm NOTE: The rated mean output power for Industry Canada RSS131 is +29 dBm. For complex CDMA, TDMA, GSM, etc. carriers, typically de-rate by a further 3 to 5 dB. Consult Powerwave Technologies for more information. 2.4 Power On Self Test (POST) Each module automatically performs a self-diagnostics when inserted into the system card-cage. These tests determine that the unit is correctly installed in the card-cage and not damaged in transit. All six of the LEDs on the front panel will flash 3 times. If the LEDs do NOT flash three times, then remove the module, check the power source, and re-insert the module, (See Installation Instructions). If the card is OK the LEDs will continue normally (See Normal Operation). If there is a fault, then the Red Fault LED will remain on. If this occurs, contact Powerwave Technologies Inc. (Refer to Chapter 4 Return for Service). Note! The Power On Self Test is Not an RF test, it only verifies that there is power to the unit and that the logical circuitry is functioning. 2-2 DCM000000054 Rev Q 2.5 Fault Indications Each module continuously performs internal diagnostics. If a problem is detected it will activate its Red Fault LED and Fault Relay. Faults detected include:
Fault Indications Over Temperature Misc. Internal Faults Detailed faults are detected by the optional gateway module. Details may also be determined via the module's control port connector and an RS232 connected Terminal Emulator using the LIST command. 2.6 Normal Operation The LNKA Module has six LEDs on the faceplate:
OPERATING - LED will flash GREEN when RF Data is present and unit is operating normally. STANDBY Under the control of the Gateway Module. TRANSMIT No function on these modules. RECEIVE No function on these modules. PROGRAM Constant Amber when the unit is being re-programmed by the controller module. This will signify that the unit is powered on but unavailable for use. FAULT Constant Red if the internal diagnostics for the module detects a problem. Figure 2 LNKA Faceplate DCM000000054 Rev Q 2-3
(This page intentionally left blank) 2-4 DCM000000054 Rev Q Chapter 3 Antenna Installation 3 Introduction This chapter contains antenna installation and warning information for the LNKA Modules. 3.1 Antenna Installation All antenna installation to be performed by qualified technical personnel only. Antenna installation instructions and locations below are for the purpose of satisfying FCC RF Exposure Compliance requirements. Note! If multiple LinkNet Modules are used, the Instructions below apply to the composite power output of all Modules when transmitting simultaneously. Note!
The Roof Top Antenna or Antennae for linking to the Donor Site(s) is/are directional (high gain) Antennae, fixed-mounted physically on the side or top of a building, or on a tower. The Antenna Gain must be no more than 20 dBi. If multiple LinkNet Modules are used with output combiners into any one Antenna, and/or multiple Antennae are used on one Roof Top, then the sum of composite powers into all Roof Top Antennae must not exceed 20 Watts maximum. The Roof Top Antennae location should be such that only qualified technical personnel can access it, and that under normal operating conditions no other person can touch the antenna, or approach within 10 meters of the antenna. For the Cellular Uplink Band (824-849 MHz) the Roof Top Antenna or Antennae for linking to the Donor Site(s) has the added restriction that the Effective Radiated Power
(ERP) must not exceed 7 Watts (+38 dBm). Thus, if the AGC is set (as per the Carrier Derating Chart) to +28 dBm as an example, the maximum allowed antenna gain must be no more than 10 dBi. The In-Building Antenna connection is via a coaxial cable distribution system with signal taps at various points connected to the fixed-mounted Indoor Antennae. The Indoor Antennae are simple 1/4 wavelength (0 dB Gain) types. They are used with Powerwave Technologies 12, 16, or 20 dB cable taps. As such the maximum EIRP will be at the first tapped antenna, which will be 12 dB below the maximum signal level of the LinkNet
(+40 dBm); +28 dBm, or 0.63 Watts EIRP. These antennae are to be installed such that no person can touch the antenna, or approach within 0.2 Meters. Note! If multiple LinkNet Modules are used with output combiners, then the composite power output of all Modules transmitting simultaneously must meet this maximum EIRP requirement. Please consult Powerwave Technologies Inc. for assistance as required. DCM000000054 Rev Q 3-1 FCC Information to Users ANTENNA INSTALLATION CAUTION ALL ANTENNA INSTALLATION IS TO BE PERFORMED BY QUALIFIED TECHNICAL PERSONNEL ONLY. ANTENNA INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS AND LOCATIONS ARE FOR THE PURPOSE OF SATISFYING FCC RF EXPOSURE COMPLIANCE REQUIREMENTS, AND ARE NOT OPTIONAL. ALL ROOF TOP ANTENNA INSTALLATION MUST BE SUCH THAT NO PERSON CAN TOUCH THE ANTENNA, OR APPROACH CLOSER THAN 10 METERS. ALL IN-BUILDING ANTENNAE INSTALLATIONS MUST BE SUCH THAT NO PERSON CAN TOUCH THE ANTENNAE, OR APPROACH CLOSER THAN 0.2 METERS. 3.2 FCC Information to Users This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense. 3-2 CAUTION CHANGES OR MODIFICATIONS NOT EXPRESSLY APPROVED BY POWERWAVE TECHNOLOGIES INC. COULD VOID THE USERS AUTHORITY TO OPERATE THE EQUIPMENT. DCM000000054 Rev Q Chapter 4 Return for Service 4 Introduction This chapter contains return for service and parts and accessories information for the LNKA Modules. 4.1 Return For Service Procedure When returning products to Powerwave Technologies Inc., the following procedures will ensure optimum response. 4.1.1 Obtaining An RMA A Return Material Authorization (RMA) number must be obtained prior to returning equipment to the factor for service. Please contact our Repair Department at +1 (714) 466-1000 to obtain this number, or FAX your request to +1 (714) 466-5816 or mailto:RMA@PWAV.COM. Failure to obtain this RMA number may result in delays in receiving repair service. 4.1.2 Repackaging For Shipment To ensure safe shipment of the amplifier, it is recommended that the original package designed for shipping the amplifier be reused. If it is not available, contact Powerwave Technologies Inc. Customer Service Department for packing materials. 4.2 Parts and Accessories Parts and Accessories for the LNKA Modules may be purchased by contacting Powerwave Technologies Inc. at 1-888-PWR-WAVE. When ordering a replacement part, please provide model number, serial number and software version number. DCM000000054 Rev Q 4-1