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CRN 23990 Revised User Manual | Users Manual | 1.20 MiB | November 10 2002 | |||
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1 2 3 4 | RF Exposure Info | March 01 2003 | ||||||
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1 2 3 4 | Cover Letter(s) | December 08 2002 | ||||||
1 2 3 4 | RF Exposure Info | November 10 2002 | ||||||
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1 2 3 4 | Cover Letter(s) | November 10 2002 | ||||||
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1 2 3 4 | RF Exposure Info | November 10 2002 | ||||||
1 2 3 4 | Cover Letter(s) | November 10 2002 | ||||||
1 2 3 4 | Cover Letter(s) | November 10 2002 | ||||||
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1 2 3 4 | Operational Description | December 08 2002 |
1 2 3 4 | CRN 23990 Revised User Manual | Users Manual | 1.20 MiB | November 10 2002 |
ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card User's Guide 2 Copyright 2002 Proxim Corporation, Sunnyvale, CA. All rights reserved. Covered by one or more of the following U.S. patents: 5,231,634; 5,875,179; 6,006,090 5,809,060; 6,075,812; 5,077,753; 5,231,634. This users guide and the software described in it are copyrighted with all rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language in any form by any means without the written permission of Proxim Corporation. Trademarks ORiNOCO is a registered trademark, and Harmony, 2X, Proxim and the Proxim logo are trademarks of Proxim Corporation. All other trademarks mentioned herein are the property of their respective owners. Limited Warranty, Disclaimer, Limitation Of Liability For a period of three (3) years from the date of purchase by the retail customer, Proxim warrants the ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Cards (Model 8460) against defects in materials and workmanship. Proxim will not honor this warranty if there has been any attempt to tamper with or remove the products external foil label. This warranty does not cover and Proxim will not be liable for any damage or failure caused by misuse, abuse, acts of God, accidents, or other causes beyond Proxims control, or claim by any entity other than the original purchaser. If, after inspection, Proxim determines there is a defect, Proxim will repair or replace the ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card at no cost to you. To return defective merchandise to Proxim, please call Proxim Technical Support at 1-408-731-2640 to obtain a Return Merchandise Authorization (RMA) number. In no event shall Proxim Corporation be responsible or liable for any damages arising:
Whether such damages be direct, indirect, consequential, special, or otherwise and whether such damages are incurred by the person to whom this warranty extends or a third party. From the use of the product From the loss of use, revenue or profit of the product As a result of any event, circumstance, action, or abuse beyond the control of Proxim Corporation Warranty Return Policy If you have a problem with an ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card (Model 8460), please call Proxim Technical Support at 1-408-731-2640. Proxim Technical Support will assist with resolving any technical difficulties you may have with your Proxim product. After calling Proxim Technical Support, if your product is found to be defective, you may return the product to Proxim after obtaining an RMA (Return Merchandise Authorization) number. The product must be returned in its original packaging. The RMA number should be clearly marked on the outside of the box. Proxim cannot be held responsible for any product returned without an RMA number, and no product will be accepted without an RMA number. ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card Users Guide Part # 2050.xxxx Rev. D2 3 FCC WARNING This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver. Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that which the receiver is connected. Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. For Indoor Use Only These products are for indoor use only. Uniquement pour usage d'intrieur. Somente para uso interno. Solamente para el uso interior. Per uso al coperto solamente. Fr Innen Verwendung nur. Nemlig indendrs hjlp bare. For indoor bruk bare. Fr indoor anvndning enda. Voor overdekt toepassing uitsluitend. Indoor kytt varten vain. Product Approvals Proxim will only ship products that are type approved in the destination country. Refer to Proxims Web site at http://www.proxim.com/support/80211acertifications/ for a list of countries that have approved Proxims 802.11a and 802.11a/802.11b combo products. This Web site also details any special requirements that govern the use of 802.11a products in a particular country. An 802.11a or 802.11a/802.11b combo product purchased for use in one country may not necessarily comply with the RF regulations in another country. 4 Table of Contents Chapter 1 - Introduction ...............................................................................................6 The Product Package ...................................................................................................7 System Requirements ..................................................................................................7 The IEEE 802.11 Specifications .................................................................................... 8 Chapter 2 - Installation ................................................................................................9 Pre-installation Considerations ................................................................................... 9 U.S. Regulatory Warnings ....................................................................................... 9 Windows ME and Windows 98 SE Installation CD Requirement ..............................10 Note to Customers Using a Laptop Without a CD-ROM Drive ...................................10 Installation Instructions ............................................................................................. 11 Related Topics .......................................................................................................12 Chapter 3 - Wireless Topologies ..................................................................................13 Ad Hoc ....................................................................................................................... 13 Infrastructure .............................................................................................................14 Connecting to a Single AP ......................................................................................14 Roaming Between Multiple APs ............................................................................. 15 Chapter 4 - Configuration & the ORiNOCO Utility ..........................................................18 Status Monitor Icon ...................................................................................................18 Configuration Utility ...................................................................................................19 Association Information ........................................................................................19 Configuration ....................................................................................................... 20 Statistics ...............................................................................................................35 Available Networks ................................................................................................37 Version Information .............................................................................................. 39 Chapter 5 - Troubleshooting .......................................................................................40 How to Obtain Help with Your LAN Installation .......................................................... 40 Common Installation Problems ................................................................................. 40 Card Inserted Before Running the Installation Program ......................................... 40 Windows 98/ME/2000/XP Troubleshooting ..........................................................41 Configuring Networking Clients and Protocols ............................................................41 Windows XP/2000 ................................................................................................41 Windows ME/98 SE .............................................................................................. 42 Windows NT ......................................................................................................... 42 Uninstalling an ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card ....................................... 42 Range ........................................................................................................................43 LED Indicators ...........................................................................................................43 Common Technical Support Questions ..................................................................... 44 Appendix A - Technical Specifications ..........................................................................46 Technical Specifications ........................................................................................... 46 Parameters ............................................................................................................... 48 Appendix B - Technical Support and Training ................................................................49 Index ........................................................................................................................ 50 5 Chapter 1 Introduction 6 Congratulations on your purchase of an ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card, a high performance wireless LAN adapter card that complies with the IEEE 802.11a and 802.11b wireless standards. This means that the card is interoperable with IEEE 802.11b and 802.11a equipment from any manufacturer. The card cannot use both standards simultaneously but it can automatically switch between the two standards. In addition, the card supports a third mode of operation, 2XTM mode*, which provides data rates of up to 108 Mbps. The ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card supports Windows XP, Windows 2000, Windows Millennium Edition (ME) and Windows 98 Second Edition (SE). Computers with an ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card installed look like standard network nodes to the operating system. The ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card can be used with other 802.11a or 802.11b devices to form a stand-alone wireless Ad Hoc network* or used in conjunction with an Access Point infrastructure to provide mobile clients with wireless access to an Ethernet network. Proxim is a leading manufacturer of wireless networking equipment. Proxims unmatched expertise in radio networking technology, combined with the companys extensive experience serving the communication needs of the mobile computing user, have kept Proxim at the forefront of the wireless LAN market.
*Available features vary by region/country. Introduction The Product Package 7 Each ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card Model 8460 comes with the following:
One 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card with two integral antennas (antennas are inside the casing and not visible to the user) One ORiNOCO Installation CD-ROM containing Proxim software and utilities and this users guide in Portable Document Format (PDF) One ORiNOCO 8460 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card Quick Start Guide If any of these items are missing or damaged, please contact your reseller or Proxim Technical Support. System Requirements To begin using an ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card, you must have the following minimum requirements:
A computer that meets the following specifications:
Windows XP, Windows 2000, Windows Millennium Edition (ME) or Windows 98 Second Edition (SE) installed PC Card expansion slot (32-bit CardBus) At least 64 MB of memory A 300 MHz processor or higher At least one other IEEE 802.11a-compliant or 802.11b-compliant device Customers in Europe who want to use the card in 802.11a mode need an 802.11a-compliant Access Point
(peer-to-peer Ad Hoc mode is not available in Europe) Introduction 8 The IEEE 802.11 Specifications In 1997, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) adopted the 802.11 standard for wireless devices operating in the 2.4 GHz frequency band. This standard includes provisions for three radio technologies: direct sequence spread spectrum, frequency hopping spread spectrum, and infrared. Devices that comply with the 802.11 standard operate at a data rate of either 1 or 2 Mbps. In 1999, the IEEE modified the 802.11 standard to support direct sequence devices that can operate at speeds of up to 11 Mbps. The IEEE ratified this standard as 802.11b. 802.11b devices are backwards compatible with 2.4 GHz 802.11 devices (that operate at 1 or 2 Mbps). Also in 1999, the IEEE modified the 802.11 standard to support devices operating in the 5 GHz frequency band. This standard is referred to as 802.11a. 802.11a devices are not backwards compatible with 2.4 GHz 802.11 or 802.11b devices. 802.11a radios use a radio technology called Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
(OFDM) to achieve data rates of up to 54 Mbps. Since both 802.11a and 802.11b are based on the same common standard (IEEE 802.11), 802.11a and 802.11b devices have many of the same parameters. This users guide uses the generic term 802.11 to refer to parameters that apply to both 802.11a and 802.11b devices. In addition to supporting 802.11a and 802.11b mode, the ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card supports a third operating mode: 2XTM mode. 2X mode is an extension of the 802.11a standard that allows data rates of up to 108 Mbps; the ORiNOCO Utility refers to this mode as 802.11a 2X. Note that 2X mode is not part of the 802.11a standard (so devices in 2X mode are not interoperable with 802.11a devices in Turbo mode from other vendors), and 2X is not available in all countries. Note:
An 802.11a device and an 802.11b device cannot communicate with each other. Also, a device in 802.11a 2X mode and a device operating in 802.11a mode (2X disabled) cannot communicate. Chapter 2 Installation 9 This chapter describes how to install an ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card and software in a computer running Windows XP, Windows 2000, Windows Millennium Edition (ME) or Windows 98 Second Edition (SE). Note:
Run the ORiNOCO Installation program before installing the 802.11a/b card in the computer. Pre-installation Considerations Review the following pre-installation considerations before installing a 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card. U.S. Regulatory Warnings FCC Guidelines This device has been tested for compliance with FCC RF Exposure (SAR) limits in a typical laptop configuration with a PCMCIA slot on either the right or left side of the laptop. In order to comply with the SAR limit established in the ANSI C95.1 standard, it is recommended when using a PC card adapter that the integrated antenna is positioned more than 2.5 centimeters from nearby persons during extended periods of operation. If the antenna is positioned less than 2.5 centimeters from nearby persons, it is recommended that the user limit exposure time. This device and its antenna must not be co-located or operated in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. Radio Frequency Interference Requirements The ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card, Model 8460, operates in multiple frequency ranges including the 5.15 to 5.35 GHz band (when in 802.11a or 2X mode); the device is restricted to indoor use due to their operation in the 5.15 to 5.25 GHz frequency range. FCC 15.407(e) requires that these devices be used indoors in the frequency range of 5.15 to 5.25 GHz to reduce the potential or harmful interference to co-channel Mobile Satellite systems. Therefore the devices should be used indoor only for channel 36, 40, 44, and 48 and when 2X mode is enabled, channel 42 and 50. High power radars are allocated as primary users of the 5.25 to 5.35 GHz and 5.725 to 5.850 GHz band. These radar stations can cause interference with and/or damage the ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card. Installation 10 DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY We, Proxim Corporation, 935 Stewart Drive Sunnyvale, CA 94085 USA 408-731-2700 declare under our sole responsibility that the ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card, Model 8460, complies with Part 15 of FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. Windows ME and Windows 98 SE Installation CD Requirement Before beginning the installation of an 802.11a/b card, confirm that you have a Windows 98 SE or Windows ME installation CD available (depending on the computers operating system). Windows 98/ME users may be prompted to insert a Windows CD during the installation. You should not need a Windows CD when installing an 802.11a/b card in a Windows XP or Windows 2000 computer. If you do not have a Windows 98/ME CD, it is possible that you already have the Windows installation files on your hard disk. These Windows installation files are known as Windows Cabinet or CAB files. The Cabinet files are commonly located in C:\WINDOWS\OPTIONS\INSTALL\ or C:\WINDOWS\OPTIONS\CABS\. Note: Windows 98/ME users may need the Windows CD or Cabinet files to complete the installation of an 802.11a/b card. Proxim recommends that you do not proceed with the installation until you have con-
firmed that you have one of these Windows installation media available. Note to Customers Using a Laptop Without a CD-ROM Drive If you are installing the 802.11a/b card in a laptop that does not have a CD-ROM drive or if your CD-ROM drive is an external device that shares a single CardBus slot with network adapter cards, you should follow the steps below prior to installing the 802.11a/b card:
1. Windows 98/ME users: Confirm that the Windows cabinet (CAB) files are installed on the computer. The CAB files are typically located in C:\WINDOWS\OPTIONS\INSTALL\ or C:\WINDOWS\OPTIONS\CABS\. 2. Windows 98/ME users: If the computer does not have the CAB files installed, copy the Win98 or Win9x folder found on the Windows CD-ROM to a temporary folder on the computer. 3. Copy the contents of the ORiNOCO Installation CD-ROM to a temporary folder on the computer. 4. Alternatively, you may download the software from Proxims Web site at http://www.proxim.com/support/. Follow the installation instructions contained in this chapter. When the instructions call for either the Windows CD or the ORiNOCO Installation CD, search the CAB files or the temporary folders you created in Steps #2 and 3. 5. When the installation is complete, remove the temporary folders you created in Steps #2 and 3 from the computers hard drive. Installation 11 Installation Instructions The instructions below describe how to install an ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card by running the ORiNOCO Installation program before inserting the card into the computer. The ORiNOCO Installation program installs the ORiNOCO Utility first, and then it installs the CardBus Card and driver. If you inserted the card before running the ORiNOCO Installation program, see Card Inserted Before Running the Installation Program on page 40 for instructions. Follow these steps to install an ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card in a Windows 98 SE, Windows ME, Windows 2000 or Windows XP computer. 1. 2. 3. Turn on the computer and logon to Windows, if applicable. Insert the ORiNOCO Installation CD into the computers CD-ROM drive. If the ORiNOCO Installation program does not launch automatically, run SETUP.EXE from the ORiNOCO Installation CD to launch the program, shown in the following example. 4. Click Next to continue. 5. Select a destination folder for the ORiNOCO Utility files and click Next to continue. 6. Enter a name for the utilitys Program Manager group and click Next. 7. 8. Click Finish to view additional information about the utility. Note:
Click Next to install the utility. To avoid viewing the additional information, uncheck the Read ORiNOCO configuration instructions box before clicking Finish. 9. Click Finish to complete the ORiNOCO Utility installation and to continue the installation of the 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card. Installation 12 10. Insert the card into the computers Cardbus slot when prompted, as shown below. 11. Follow the on-screen instructions to install the card. Note the following:
If prompted to identify the location of the file Prox11ab.sys or Ntpr11ab.cat, direct the installation wizard to search the ORiNOCO Installation CD. Windows XP users: If prompted, select Install the software automatically (Recommended) and click Next. Windows 98/ME users: Insert the Windows installation CD if prompted. If you do not have a Windows installation CD, see Windows ME and Windows 98 SE Installation CD Requirement on page 10. 12. Restart the computer if prompted. Otherwise, click Close when prompted that the ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card has been properly configured. Note:
If the ORiNOCO Device Setup program or Windows Networking reports that the card has not been prop-
erly configured, follow the on-screen instructions and refer to Troubleshooting beginning on page 40 for suggestions. 13. The ORiNOCO Utilitys Status Monitor icon will appear in Windows Taskbar. 14. The ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card is now ready for use. The card will automatically search for an 802.11a or 802.11b network to communicate with. Use the ORiNOCO Utility (described in Configuration
& the ORiNOCO Utility beginning on page 18) to configure the card. If you have one or more 802.11a or 802.11b Access Points, configure the cards Network Mode to Infrastructure. If your network consists of only 802.11a or 802.11b client adapters, set Network Mode to Ad Hoc. Note:
For more information on Ad Hoc and Infrastructure networks, see Chapter 3 beginning on page 13 and Network Type on page 20. 802.11a products sold in Europe do not support Ad Hoc mode. Related Topics Refer to Configuration & the ORiNOCO Utility beginning on page 18 for information on the cards configu-
ration parameters and for information on how to use the ORiNOCO Utility. See Configuring Networking Clients and Protocols on page 41 for information on how to configure a net-
working protocol like TCP/IP (so you can configure the cards IP settings). Chapter 3 Wireless Topologies 13 ORiNOCO wireless products look and operate similar to Ethernet products. The only difference is that a radio replaces the wire between various nodes. This means that all of your existing applications that operate over Ethernet will work with ORiNOCO without any special wireless networking software. The ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card supports several network topologies, which are described in this chapter. Ad Hoc Two or more computers easily establish an ad hoc network when the units are in range of each other. Each computer can dynamically connect and reconnect to the others with no additional configuration, using off-the-shelf peer-to-peer network operating systems, as illustrated in Figure 1. Figure 1 Ad Hoc The ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card can communicate with either an 802.11a or an 802.11b Ad Hoc network (but it can not dynamically switch between the two). Therefore, you must manually configure the card to use one radio mode or the other. Follow these steps to configure the card as a member of an Ad Hoc network:
1. 2. Set Network Type to Ad Hoc. 3. Select a Mode: if you want the card to join an 802.11a Ad Hoc network, select 802.11a; if you want the card Launch the ORiNOCO Utility and select the Configuration tab. to join an 802.11b Ad Hoc network, select 802.11b. You cannot use the Auto option when Network Type is set to Ad Hoc. Note:
802.11a products sold in Europe do not support Ad Hoc mode. 4. Set the cards SSID to match the SSID used by the Ad Hoc network. 5. Select the Advanced tab. 6. Select the Channel used by the Ad Hoc network. 7. Note:
Click Apply or OK to save these changes. See Chapter 4 for additional information on the ORiNOCO Utility and these parameters. Wireless Topologies Infrastructure 14 Many companies have an existing Ethernet or wired LAN infrastructure and want to be able to extend that capability to wireless nodes. This is accomplished by installing one or more Access Points on the Ethernet network. You can also add a Harmony Access Point Controller to the network to simplify Access Point management and take advantage of additional features. See the Harmony Access Point Controller Users Guide for more information. Connecting to a Single AP Figure 2 depicts an ORiNOCO network that uses a single Access Point (AP); in this example, the Access Point is an 802.11a AP. Figure 2 Single 802.11a AP Wireless Topologies 15 Roaming Between Multiple APs For larger environments, the ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo Card may roam from one Access Point to another while maintaining the same network connection. The Access Points establish coverage areas or cells similar in concept to those of a cellular phone network. The card will connect to any Access Point that is within range. The ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo Card supports roaming between APs of the same type (for example, from one 802.11a AP to another) or roaming between APs of different types (from one 802.11a AP to an 802.11b AP). Figure 3 illustrates roaming between APs of the same radio type. Figure 3 Roaming Between APs of the Same Radio Type Wireless Topologies 16 Figure 4 illustrates roaming between APs of different radio types. Figure 4: Roaming Between APs of Different Radio Types In either case, each Access Point within a roaming network must have a unique, independent Channel, but all must have the same SSID and security settings (if applicable). Mobile clients equipped with an 802.11a/802.11b card are configured to operate in Infrastructure mode and have the same SSID and security settings as the Access Points. Alternatively, the mobile client may use an SSID of any to associate with any available Access Point, regardless of the Access Points SSID. As the mobile client seamlessly switches from cell to cell, its network connectivity is preserved. The user can move freely between the Access Points in the network. When the roaming client leaves the transmission range of one Access Point, the card automatically detects the other Access Point(s) in the same vicinity to continue the network connection. Note:
The Access Points cells must overlap to ensure that there are no gaps in coverage so that the roaming client will always have a connection available. See Figures 3 and 4 for an example of roaming Infrastructure networks. In addition, if your network has a Harmony Access Point Controllers, you can install ORiNOCO Access Points on different IP subnets from the AP Controller, allowing mobile users to roam across routers. For more information on the Harmony AP Controller and Access Points, refer to the Harmony Access Point Controller Users Guide. Wireless Topologies 17 Guidelines for Roaming an ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card can roam between multiple 802.11a Access Points, multiple 802.11b Access Points, or between both 802.11a and 802.11b Access Points. To support roaming between 802.11a and 802.11b Access Points, the Combo CardBus Cards Mode must be set to Auto. Standard 802.11a clients can only roam between 802.11a Access Points. Standard 802.11b clients can only roam between 802.11b Access Points. All 802.11a or 802.11b Access Points that a client will roam between must have the same SSID. All workstations with Combo CardBus Cards installed must use either an SSID of any or the same SSID as the Access Points that they will roam between. All Access Points and Combo CardBus Cards must have the same security settings to communicate. The Access Points cells must overlap to ensure that there are no gaps in coverage and to ensure that the roaming client will always have a connection available. Access Points in the same vicinity should each use a unique, independent Channel to avoid potential inter-
ference. Access Points that use the same Channel should be installed as far away from each other as possible to reduce potential interference. Chapter 4 Configuration & the ORiNOCO Utility 18 Proxim provides a software utility that simplifies the management and configuration of an ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card. Chapter 2 describes how to install the utility. This chapter describes how to use the ORiNOCO Utility after it has been installed. Status Monitor Icon After you have installed the utility, the Status Monitor icon will appear in Windows Taskbar. If the card is using the IEEE 802.11a standard, the icon is labeled a. If the card is using the IEEE 802.11b standard, the icon is labeled b. The example below illustrates the 802.11b icon:
Right-click the icon to view configuration options for the Status Monitor:
Select Run 802.11a/b Configuration Utility from the drop-down menu to launch the ORiNOCO Utility. Dou-
ble-clicking the icon also launches the utility. Select Switch to Profile and choose one of the profiles from the drop-down list to change the cards config-
uration settings. See Profiles on page 33 for more information. Select Disable Device Radio to turn off the cards radio. You should disable the radio if you intend to use a laptop equipped with the Combo CardBus Card on an airplane. A check mark appears next to this option when the radio is disabled. Select this option again to enable a disabled radio. Select Remove Status Monitor From Task Bar to close the Status Monitor. Configuration & the ORiNOCO Utility Configuration Utility 19 The ORiNOCO Utility includes several tools for diagnostic and configuration purposes. Each of the utilitys screens is described below. For additional information about the ORiNOCO Utility, click Help on any screen to view on-line Help documentation. Association Information The Association Information screen, shown below, displays information about the cards connection with a wireless network. The Association Information screen reports the following statistics:
Mode: This field reports whether the card is in 802.11a mode or 802.11b mode. Association State: This field reports if the card is communicating with an Access Point (AP) or Ad Hoc net-
work. When communicating with an AP, this field reports ASSOCIATED AP and displays the APs physical address. When communicating with an Ad Hoc network, this field displays JOINED AD HOC MODE. If no AP or Ad Hoc network is found, this field displays NOT JOINED. Channel (Freq): This field displays the current Channel and center frequency that the card is using. Configuration & the ORiNOCO Utility 20 Security: Reports the type of security that the card is using. Options include No Security enabled (or 802.1x Security), WEP Security, and the Harmony Security Protocol. If using the Harmony Security Pro-
tocol, this field also reports the protocols status: Not Authenticated, User Not Logged In, User Associ-
ated, and User is using Unique Encryption Key (with time of login). Signal Strength: The Signal bar displays the signal strength for the last packet received by the card. Signal strength is reported in decibels (dB). The color-coded chart below the Signal bar indicates the relative strength of the signal: a signal in the red or orange section indicates a weak connection; a signal in the yel-
low or light green section indicates a good connection; a signal in the darker green section indicates an excellent connection. Instantaneous Packets/Sec Sent: This statistic displays the current rate at which the card is transmitting packets to another 802.11a or 802.11b device. This information is represented as the number of packets sent per second by the card and is plotted on the graph located below the Packets/sec field. Note that this statistic will remain zero unless the card is transmitting data to another device. Average Packets/Sec Sent: This statistic displays the average of the Instantaneous Packets/Sec Sent data points displayed in the bar graph. Instantaneous Packets/Sec Received: This statistic displays the current rate at which the card is receiving packets from another 802.11a or 802.11b device. This information is represented as the number of packets received per second and is plotted on the graph located below the Packets/sec field. Note that this statistic will remain zero unless the card is receiving data from another device. Average Packets/Sec Received: This statistic displays the average of the Instantaneous Packets/Sec Receive data points displayed in the bar graph. Configuration Click the Configuration tab to view the Station Configuration screen. This screen contains three configuration tabs: Basic, Security, and Advanced. In addition, you can also create, edit, and switch between user profiles from this screen. After you have made one or more changes to the configuration settings, click Apply or OK to save the changes. All of these parameters apply to the card regardless of whether it is in 802.11a mode or 802.11b mode, unless otherwise stated. Basic The Basic configuration screen is shown on the next page. You can configure the following parameters:
Network Type Network Type configures an ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card to operate in either Ad Hoc mode or Infrastructure mode. When set to Ad Hoc, all 802.11a or 802.11b devices must have the same SSID, Channel, and WEP Keys (if WEP is enabled) to communicate. An Ad Hoc network is a wireless network that consists of only wireless client adapters
(i.e., a network that does not have an Access Point). If you set Network Type to Ad Hoc, then you must also select a Mode (802.11a or 802.11b) of operation. The card cannot operate in Auto mode when set to Ad Hoc. Note:
When set to Infrastructure, an 802.11a or 802.11b client must have the same SSID and security settings as the Access Points on the network to communicate. An Infrastructure network is any network that includes one or more 802.11a or 802.11b Access Points. By default, the Combo CardBus Card operates in Infrastructure. 802.11a products sold in Europe do not support Ad Hoc mode. Configuration & the ORiNOCO Utility 21 Mode Mode configures the ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card to operate in 802.11a, 802.11b, or Auto mode. In 802.11a mode, the card complies with the IEEE 802.11a standard and provides data rates of up to 54 Mbps. In addition, the card will automatically detect if an Access Point is operating in 2X mode and automatically switches to 2X mode as necessary. (2X mode provides data rates of up to 108 Mbps.) In 802.11b mode, the card complies with the IEEE 802.11b standard and provides data rates of up to 11 Mbps. In Auto mode, the card can automatically switch between 802.11a and 802.11b modes based on the signals it receives from Access Points in its vicinity. If you set the card to Auto, you should also configure Auto Mode Preference. Note:
If you want the card to join an Ad Hoc network, you must manually configure the card to either 802.11a or 802.11b mode. Auto Mode Preference If you set Mode to Auto, you should also configure Auto Mode Preference. This parameter determines which type of network the card will search for first. Also, if the card receives signals from both an 802.11a AP and an 802.11b AP, the card will choose which AP to associate with based on this setting. Select 802.11a from the drop-down list if you want the card to choose 802.11a networks over 802.11b networks. Select 802.11b from the drop-down list if you want the card to choose 802.11b networks over 802.11a networks. Configuration & the ORiNOCO Utility 22 Power Saving The ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card supports optional power management to conserve battery life. When Power Saving Mode is set to Normal or Maximum, the card enters a doze mode where it becomes inactive and only wakes up periodically to receive control messages from the Access Point. The card wakes up more often in Normal mode than in Maximum mode so a card in Normal mode will respond sooner to network requests than a node in Maximum mode. However, Maximum mode draws less power than Normal mode. When an Access Point receives a packet destined for a dozing client, it buffers the packet and includes a notification within its control message to alert the client that a packet is waiting for it. Once the card receives the control message, it polls the Access Point to request that the buffered packet be sent to it. When set to Off, the card does not use the Power Saving mechanism. Roaming The Roaming parameter allows you to determine how tolerant the Combo CardBus Card is to radio phenomena that can cause the unit to roam from one Access Point to another in order to maintain a strong wireless connection. In areas with many Access Points that provide heavy overlapping coverage, set this parameter to Fast to maintain high throughput for each wireless adapter. In most networks, set Roaming to Normal. Wireless adapter throughput will not change noticeably, and an overabundance of Access Points is not required. If the coverage area provided by Access Points is sparse, set Roaming to Slow. The card will not roam until it is nearly out of range of the Access Point with which it is associated. SSID The SSID (Service Set ID), which is also referred to as the ESSID (Extended Service Set ID), is a text string that all members of the same 802.11 network share. The SSID may be up to 32 alphanumeric characters long, including spaces. Also, when configured to any, a Combo CardBus Card can communicate with any available Access Point regardless of the Access Points SSID. In an Infrastructure network, the SSID must match on all Harmony Access Points and clients (unless a clients SSID is any). Devices that do not share the same SSID cannot communicate. In an Ad Hoc network without an Access Point, each 802.11 device must have the same SSID to participate in the network. A node cannot use the any SSID to join an Ad Hoc network. By default, the cards SSID is set to any. Security The ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card offers four security options: No Security, Use WEP for Authentication and Encryption, Use the Harmony Security Protocol, and 802.1x. The Security configuration screen is shown on the next page. You can configure the following parameters:
WEP Encryption and Authentication The IEEE 802.11 standards specify an optional encryption feature, known as Wired Equivalent Privacy or WEP, that is designed to provide a wireless LAN with a security level equal to what is found on a wired Ethernet network. WEP encrypts the data portion of each packet exchanged on an 802.11 network using a 64-bit, 128-bit, or 152-bit encryption key (also known as a WEP Key). Note:
In addition, the card uses WEP with Shared Key Authentication to prevent unauthorized devices from associating with the 802.11 network. 152-bit encryption is only available in 802.11a mode. Configuration & the ORiNOCO Utility 23 When WEP is enabled, two 802.11 devices must have the same WEP Keys and both devices must be configured to support WEP in order to communicate. If one device is configured to use WEP for Authentication and Encryption but a second device is not, then the two devices will not communicate, even if both devices have the same WEP Keys. The ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card can support up to four WEP Keys (all four Keys must have the same Key Size). The card can decrypt information that was encrypted with any of its four WEP Keys, but it will only use the Default Key to encrypt outgoing information. For 64-bit encryption, a WEP Key is 10 hexadecimal digits (0-9 and A-F); for 128-bit encryption, a WEP Key is 26 hexadecimal digits (0-9 and A-F); and for 152-bit encryption, a WEP Key is 32 hexadecimal digits (0-9 and A-F). Note: When WEP is enabled, Proxim recommends that you configure all 802.11 devices in the Extended Ser-
vice Set with the same WEP Keys in the same order (but the devices do not need to use the same default Key). Follow these steps to enable WEP for Authentication and Encryption:
1. Select Use WEP for Authentication and Encryption from the Security Level box. 2. Click Configure WEP Keys. 3. Select a Key Size from the drop-down menu (64 Bit, 128 Bit, or 152 Bit). Configuration & the ORiNOCO Utility 24 4. Enter one to four WEP Keys in the fields provided, as shown below. 5. Use only hexadecimal digits (i.e., 0-9 and A-F). For 64-bit encryption, enter 10 digits for each Key; for 128-bit encryption, enter 26 digits for each Key; for 152-bit encryption, enter 32 digits for each Key. Note:
If you created a text file that contains the WEP Keys, click Read Keys to upload those Keys to the card. See Read Key File Format on page 24 for formatting information. 6. Click OK to save the WEP Keys. 7. Select one of the Keys you configured as the Default Key. 8. Click Apply or OK to save the new WEP settings. 9. If you need to change a WEP Key at a later date, click Configure WEP Keys and enter one to four new WEP Keys. Note that any Keys you entered previously will not be visible (stars appear in place of the digits). Read Key File Format If you have multiple clients to configure, you can avoid having to enter each WEP Key manually by creating a text file that contains the Keys. Once you have the text file, you can upload the Keys to a client by clicking the Read Keys button found on the WEP Keys Configuration screen. To create the text file, use a text program such as Microsoft Notepad or WordPad. The text file should have a
.txt extension. The first line of the text file must read [WEP_KEY_VALUE]. Then, enter one to four Keys in the following format: key#=<key value>, where # indicates the Key number (1-4) and <key value> is the specified Keys hexadecimal digits. Each Key must be contain hexadecimal digits only (0-9 and A-F), and you must use the same number of digits for each Key. The number of digits depends upon the Key Size you select in the WEP Keys Configuration screen:
For 64 Bit, use 10 digits per Key. For 128 Bit, use 26 digits per Key. For 152 Bit, use 32 digits per Key. Configuration & the ORiNOCO Utility 25 The following example illustrates the WEP Key file format for 64-bit encryption:
[WEP_KEY_VALUE]
key1=1234567890 key2=0987654321 key3=ABCDEF1234 key4=ABCDEFABCD Harmony Security Protocol The Harmony Security Protocol automates encryption management, assigning a unique and dynamic WEP Key to each user. The Harmony Security Protocol includes the following features:
Uses 152-Bit WEP Encryption Generates a unique WEP Key for each user that is valid only for the current network session Periodically renews the users Harmony session and assigns a new WEP Key without requiring any end user interaction Incorporates the end users logon prompt into Microsoft Windows standard logon procedure on the client device Each Harmony device plays a role in the Harmony Security Protocol: the AP Controllers maintain a database of user name and passwords to authenticate users; the Access Points block all network traffic to or from a client until after the user has been successfully authenticated by the Harmony System; and the Harmony client adapters include a software utility that incorporates the Harmony logon prompt into the standard Windows logon procedure. When the Harmony Security Protocol is enabled on a client adapter, the user is prompted to enter his or her Harmony User Name and Password during boot up, either immediately before or after the Windows logon prompt (depending on the device configuration). Once the user has been authenticated by the Harmony System, the wireless client receives a unique 152-bit WEP Key from the Harmony System, and it can begin to exchange data with the Ethernet network. Refer to the Harmony Access Point Controller Users Guide for more information on the Harmony Security Protocol. Harmony Security Protocol Guidelines If you want to use the Harmony Security Protocol on your network, you must enable the protocol on all of your networks Harmony Access Points and clients. At this time, the Harmony Security Protocols client application supports Windows 98 SE, ME, 2000 Profes-
sional, and XP. The protocol does not support Windows 2000 Server or NT 4.0. The Harmony Security Protocol is only available for clients that are operating in Infrastructure mode. A network administrator who manages the networks Harmony Access Point Controller(s) must assign each user a Harmony User Name and Password and enter this information into the Harmony Systems User Data-
base. Refer to the Harmony Access Point Controller Users Guide for details. If you enable the Harmony Security Protocol, you do not need to configure WEP Keys on a wireless client
(the Harmony System will generate keys for you). Follow these steps to enable the Harmony Security Protocol:
1. Select Use Harmony Security Protocol within the Security Level box. 2. Place a check mark in the Log on to Harmony Security before Windows Logon box if you want to connect to the wireless network before logging on to the Windows operating system. Note:
You should enable the Log on to Harmony Security before Windows Logon option if your computer con-
nects to a Windows Domain Controller, connects to a Novell network, automatically reconnects to shared network drives during Windows logon, or runs networking software (e.g., PC Anywhere) before connecting to the network. 3. Click Apply or OK to save the new security settings. Configuration & the ORiNOCO Utility 26 4. 5. 6. Log off Windows or restart the computer. Log on to Windows when prompted (if the Log on to Harmony Security before Windows Logon option is disabled). The Harmony logon prompt will appear. Enter your Harmony User Name and Password in the fields provided. The Windows 98/ME logon prompt is shown below. Note:
The Harmony logon prompt will not appear if your Windows User Name and Password match your Har-
mony User Name and Password, you are within range of a properly configured Access Point, and the Log on to Harmony Security before Windows Logon option is disabled. 7. If you are not in range of a Harmony Access Point, place a check mark in the box labeled Defer logon for current session if Access Point is out of range. The Harmony software will store your User Name and Password and automatically initiate the logon procedure without any user intervention once the card has associated with an Access Point. Configuration & the ORiNOCO Utility 27 8. If desired, click Change Password (Windows XP/2000 Professional) or Options... (Windows 98/ME) to modify your Harmony user account. The Windows 98/ME logon prompt is shown below. Enter a new password twice in the fields provided to change your Harmony Password. The Password can be up to 32 characters and is case sensitive. To reset your Harmony Password to match your Windows Password, check the box labeled Synchronize Password with Windows Logon. 9. Click Logon to log on to the Harmony System. 10. Log on to Windows when prompted (if the Log on to Harmony Security before Windows Logon option is enabled). See Common Technical Support Questions on page 44 for troubleshooting suggestions if you have difficulty logging onto the network. 802.1x 802.1x is an IEEE security standard for authenticating users on local area networks based on the Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP). For more information on this standard, refer to the IEEE Web site at http://www.ieee.org/. On a wireless LAN with 802.1x enabled, an Access Point will block all traffic from a wireless client until after the user has been authenticated by the networks RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service) server. Proxim supports the following RADIUS servers for use with Harmony products:
Microsoft Windows 2000 Internet Authentication Service (IAS) Server Funk Odyssey Server Note:
You may also need to install additional components based upon the servers requirements and EAP authentication type. For example, EAP-TLS requires a Certificate Authority (CA) and that digital certifi-
cates be installed on the RADIUS server and each wireless device. Configuration & the ORiNOCO Utility 28 EAP is a flexible protocol which does not specify an authentication type. The available authentication types will vary based upon your RADIUS server and your client software; many offer advanced features such as mutual authentication between client and server and data encryption. For data encryption, a RADIUS server generates a unique WEP Key for each user following authentication. This WEP Key is used to encrypt unicast packets between the Access Point and wireless client. To encrypt broadcast packets, the Access Point and its clients use the APs configured Global WEP Keys. The ORiNOCO Utility does not include configuration settings for 802.1x. To enable 802.1x support and configure 802.1x settings (like EAP authentication type), you need to use a client utility provided by a RADIUS server manufacturer, like Microsoft or Funk Software. Refer to Microsofts (http://www.microsoft.com/) and Funk Softwares (http://www.funk.com/) Web sites or the documentation that came with your 802.1x solution for details. Note:
Confirm that the ORiNOCO Utilitys Security Level is set to No Security before enabling 802.1x support using a third-party client utility. As of the release of this users guide, Microsoft provides 802.1x support for Windows XP users only as part of the operating system. To enable 802.1x on a Windows XP computer, you need to disable the ORiNOCO Configuration options. Follow these steps to enable 802.1x on a Windows XP computer:
1. Open the ORiNOCO Utility. 2. Click the Configuration tab. 3. Remove the check mark from the box labeled Enabled ORiNOCO Configuration (Disable Windows XP Settings). This will disable the ORiNOCO Configuration options. 4. Click OK to save this change and close the ORiNOCO Utility. 5. Click the networking icon in the Windows Taskbar to open Windows XPs built-in wireless network utility. WinXP Networking Icon 6. Click Properties (if associated with an AP) or Advanced (if not associated). Configuration & the ORiNOCO Utility 29 7. Click the Authentication tab. 8. Configure the 802.1x settings. Contact your network administrator or refer to Windows XPs on-line Help if you need assistance configuring these settings. Note:
Depending on the networks EAP authentication type, your network administrator may need to provide you with a smart card or install a digital certificate on your computer. 9. Click the Wireless Networks tab. 10. Access the Wireless Network Properties for your network. If your network is listed in Available networks, highlight it and click Configure. If your network is listed in Preferred networks, highlight it and click Properties. If your network is not listed, click Add and enter the networks SSID. 11. Configure the networks WEP settings. Note:
If your EAP type supports dynamic WEP keys, place a check mark next to the Data encryption (WEP enabled) and The key is provided for me automatically options. 12. Click OK twice to exit the networks properties window. Configuration & the ORiNOCO Utility 30 Advanced The Advanced configuration screen is shown below. You can configure the following parameters:
Channel In a wireless network, the Channel specifies the range of frequencies that the network members use to communicate. 802.11a and 802.11b devices both communicate by spreading a radio signal over a range of frequencies, but they operate at different frequencies and employ different communication techniques. 802.11a devices operate in the 5 GHz band; 802.11b devices operate in the 2.4 GHz band. When the cards Network Type is set to Infrastructure, it automatically receives a Channel assignment from its Access Point (the AP can be using either 802.11a or 802.11b). Therefore, Channel is not a configurable parameter when the card is in Infrastructure mode. When the cards Network Type is set to Ad Hoc, you must manually set the Channel the card will use. This should be the same Channel as the other Ad Hoc devices are using. To set the Channel, click the Advanced configuration tab and select a Channel number from the Channel drop-down menu. The list of available Channels will vary depending on the cards operating mode (802.11a or 802.11b). Note:
Auto mode is not available when the cards Network Type is Ad Hoc. You must force the card to operate in either 802.11a or 802.11b mode. Configuration & the ORiNOCO Utility 31 The available Channels associated with each mode are listed below. 802.11a The IEEE 802.11a specification allocates the available frequencies in the 5 GHz band into a series of operating Channels that are identified by a Channel number and a center carrier frequency. The number of available Channels varies by region. For United States and Canada: The ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card can use one of thirteen Channels in 802.11a-compliant mode: Channel 36 (5.18 GHz), Channel 40 (5.20 GHz), Channel 44 (5.22 GHz), Channel 48
(5.24 GHz), Channel 52 (5.26 GHz), Channel 56 (5.28 GHz), Channel 60 (5.30 GHz), Channel 64 (5.32 GHz), Channel 149 (5.745 GHz), Channel 153 (5.765 GHz), Channel 157 (5.785 GHz), Channel 161 (5.805 GHz), and Channel 165 (5.825 GHz). When the card is operating in the optional 2X mode, it can use one of five Channels:
Channel 42 (5.21 GHz), Channel 50 (5.25 GHz), Channel 58 (5.29 GHz), Channel 152 (5.760 GHz), and Channel 160 (5.800 GHz). If you wish to install multiple Ad Hoc networks in the same vicinity, configure each network with a unique Channel to avoid interference between networks. Keep in mind that each Channel in 2X mode overlaps multiple Channels in 802.11a mode. For example, if an Infrastructure network in 2X mode is using Channel 50, do not configure nearby Ad Hoc networks in 802.11a mode for Channel 42, 48, 52, or 56. Note:
See Radio Frequency Interference Requirements on page 9 for important regulatory information con-
cerning Channel selection. For Europe: The ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card can use one of nineteen Channels: Channel 36
(5.18 GHz), Channel 40 (5.20 GHz), Channel 44 (5.22 GHz), Channel 48 (5.24 GHz), Channel 52 (5.26 GHz), Channel 56 (5.28 GHz), Channel 60 (5.30 GHz), Channel 64 (5.32 GHz), Channel 100 (5.500 GHz), Channel 104
(5.520 GHz), Channel 108 (5.540 GHz), Channel 112 (5.560 GHz), Channel 116 (5.580 GHz), Channel 120 (5.600 GHz), Channel 124 (5.620 GHz), Channel 128 (5.640 GHz), Channel 132 (5.660 GHz), Channel 136 (5.680 GHz), and Channel 140 (5.700 GHz). For Japan: The ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card can use one of four Channels: Channel 34 (5.17 GHz), Channel 38 (5.19 GHz), Channel 42 (5.21 GHz), and Channel 46 (5.23 GHz). If you wish to install multiple Ad Hoc networks in the same vicinity, Proxim recommends that you configure each network with a unique Channel to avoid interference between networks. For Singapore: The ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card can use one of four Channels: Channel 36
(5.18 GHz), Channel 40 (5.20 GHz), Channel 44 (5.22 GHz), or Channel 48 (5.24 GHz). 802.11b The IEEE 802.11b specification allocates the 2.4 GHz frequency band into 14 overlapping operating Channels. Each Channel corresponds to a different set of frequencies; the center frequency for each of the 14 Channels is shown in the table below. Two 802.11b Channels must be separated by 25 MHz to be independent of each other
(that is, to not overlap). Channel Center Frequency Channel Center Frequency 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2.412 GHz 2.417 GHz 2.422 GHz 2.427 GHz 2.432 GHz 2.437 GHz 2.442 GHz 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 2.447 GHz 2.452 GHz 2.457 GHz 2.462 GHz 2.467 GHz 2.472 GHz 2.484 GHz The number of available Channels varies by region. Configuration & the ORiNOCO Utility 32 For United States and Canada: The ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card can use Channels 1 through 11. However, only Channels 1, 6, and 11 are independent and do not overlap with each other. If you wish to install multiple Ad Hoc networks in the same vicinity, Proxim recommends that you install no more than three Ad Hoc networks in the same location and that you configure each network with a unique independent Channel (1, 6, or 11) to avoid interference between networks. For Europe (except France and Spain): The ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card can use Channels 1 through 13. However, only Channels 1, 6, and 11 are independent and do not overlap with each other. For France: The ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card can use Channels 10 through 13. All of these Channels overlap so you must test for interference before installing multiple networks in the same vicinity. For multi-cell environments, try to use the Channels that are farthest apart for best results (for example, use Channel 10 for one network and Channel 13 for another). For Spain: The ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card can use Channels 10 and 11. For Japan: The ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card can use Channels 1 through 14. However, only Channels 1, 6, and 11 are independent and do not overlap with each other. Forcing the card to operate at a high data rate only will reduce the range of the product. Send Rate The Send Rate specifies the data rate at which the ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card transmits packets. There are two Send Rate fields: one under the 802.11a heading and one under the 802.11b heading. The 802.11a value applies when the card is in 802.11a mode; the 802.11b value applies when the card is in 802.11b mode. Note:
802.11a The IEEE 802.11a specification supports eight data rates: 54 Mbps, 48 Mbps, 36 Mbps, 24 Mbps, 18 Mbps, 12 Mbps, 9 Mbps, and 6 Mbps. ORiNOCOs 2X mode supports eight data rates: 108 Mbps, 96 Mbps, 72 Mbps, 48 Mbps, 36 Mbps, 24 Mbps, 18 Mbps, and 12 Mbps. As the Combo CardBus Card in 802.11a mode travels away from an 802.11a Access Point (when in Infrastructure mode) or from other 802.11a nodes (when in Ad Hoc mode), the data rate automatically decreases in order to maintain a usable radio connection. For example, in an Infrastructure network that is using 2X mode, a client that is close to an Access Point may operate at 108 Mbps, but a client that is far away from the Access Point may operate at 12 Mbps. By default, the card automatically adjusts the transmit rate depending on the mode of operation
(802.11a-compliant or 2X). However, you can also manually configure a specific send rate that the card will use. For example, if you configure the Send Rate to 36 Mbps, the card will transmit only at 36 Mbps. 802.11b The IEEE 802.11b specification supports four data rates: 11 Mbps, 5.5 Mbps, 2 Mbps, and 1 Mbps. As the Combo CardBus Card in 802.11b mode travels further and further away from an 802.11b Access Point (in Infrastructure mode) or from other 802.11b nodes (in Ad Hoc mode), the data rate automatically decreases in order to maintain a usable radio connection. For example, in an Infrastructure network a client that is close to an Access Point may operate at 11 Mbps, but a client that is far away from the Access Point may operate at 2 Mbps. By default, the card automatically adjusts the data rate. However, you can manually configure the card to operate in 11 Mbps mode only, 5.5 Mbps mode only, 2 Mbps mode only, and 1 Mbps mode only. In addition, to be compatible with existing 2 Mbps 802.11 solutions, you can configure the PC Card to automatically switch between 2 Mbps and 1 Mbps as necessary. For example, if your application requires that the card maintain an 11 Mbps data rate, you can configure it to send packets at 11 Mbps only. Configuration & the ORiNOCO Utility 33 RTS/CTS The 802.11 standard supports optional RTS/CTS communication based on packet size. Without RTS/CTS, a sending radio listens to see if another radio is already using the medium before transmitting a data packet. If the medium is free, the sending radio transmits its packets. However, there is no guarantee that another radio is not transmitting a packet at the same time, causing a collision. When RTS/CTS occurs, the sending radio first transmits a Request to Send (RTS) packet to confirm that the medium is clear. When the receiving radio successfully receives the RTS packet, it transmits back a Clear to Send (CTS) packet to the sending radio. When the sending radio receives the CTS packet, it sends the data packet to the receiving radio. The RTS and CTS packets contain a reservation time to notify other radios that the medium is in use for a specified period. This helps to minimize collisions. While RTS/CTS adds overhead to the radio network, it is particularly useful for large packets that take longer to resend after a collision occurs. There are two RTS/CTS fields: one under the 802.11a heading and one under the 802.11b heading. The 802.11a value applies when the card is in 802.11a mode; the 802.11b value applies when the card is in 802.11b mode. For both 802.11a and 802.11b modes, you may configure the ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card to never use RTS/CTS (i.e., disable RTS/CTS) or to use RTS/CTS for packets over a certain size. For example, if the RTS/CTS Threshold is set to 1000 Bytes, then a sending radio will use RTS/CTS before transmitting any packet 1000 Bytes or larger. The RTS/CTS Threshold supports a range between 256 and 2345 Bytes for both 802.11a mode and 802.11b mode. If set to 256, then a sending radio will use RTS/CTS before transmitting all packets 256 Bytes or larger. If set to 2345, then a sending radio will fragment only those radio packets that are 2345 Bytes or larger. Fragmentation The ORiNOCO 802.11a/b CardBus Card supports an optional feature called Fragmentation. In harsh radio environments, wireless devices may have difficulty transmitting large packets that exceed a certain size. However, when Fragmentation is enabled, a wireless device can break up large packets into a number of smaller packets (called fragments) that can be successfully transmitted to another wireless device. The receiving device then reassembles the original packet once it has received all of the fragments. There are Fragmentation fields: one under the 802.11a heading and one under the 802.11b heading. The 802.11a value applies when the card is in 802.11a mode; the 802.11b value applies when the card is in 802.11b mode. For both 802.11a and 802.11b modes, you may configure the ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card to never use Fragmentation or to fragment only those packets that exceed a certain size. For example, if the Fragmentation Threshold is set to 1000 Bytes, then a sending radio will fragment any packet 1000 Bytes or larger before transmitting. The Fragmentation Threshold supports a range between 256 and 2345 Bytes for both 802.11a mode and 802.11b mode. If set to 256, then a sending radio will fragment all packets 256 Bytes or larger. If set to 2345, then a sending radio will fragment only those radio packets that are 2345 Bytes or larger. Profiles If you use the ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card in a laptop computer that moves between several wireless networks, you can create an individual profile for each network to simplify configuration. For example, if you have an 802.11a network at the office and an 802.11b network at home, you can use the same laptop on both networks and switch between the each networks unique configuration settings with a click of a button. The Switch to Profile box appears at the bottom of the Station Configuration screen. The Profile List box reports the current profile in use. Any configuration changes that you apply are saved to the current profile. To switch to another profile, select it from the Profile List drop-down menu and click Switch. You can also switch profiles by right-clicking the Status Monitor icon in the Windows Taskbar. Configuration & the ORiNOCO Utility 34 Follow these steps to create a new profile:
1. Click Create New Profile... 2. Enter a name for the new profile in the Profile Name: field. 3. Select an existing profile to use as the basis for the new profile from the Copy settings from Profile:
drop-down menu, as shown below. 4. Use the drop-down menu to select an SSID for the profile or enter a new SSID in the field provided. 5. Click Add. Follow these steps to delete a profile:
1. Click Delete Profile... 2. Select the profile to delete from the drop-down menu. 3. Click Delete. Note to Windows XP Users Windows XP provides built-in support for wireless networks. Windows XPs wireless network management features are used in lieu of the ORiNOCO Utility. Support for the ORiNOCO Utility is enabled by default (i.e., Windows XP wireless settings are disabled). To turn ORiNOCO Configuration on or off, check or uncheck the box labeled Enabled ORiNOCO Configuration
(Disable Windows XP Settings) within the Station Configuration screen. (This option is only visible on Windows XP computers.) When this option is disabled, the configuration parameters and the Available Networks features are unavailable. Configuration & the ORiNOCO Utility 35 Statistics Click the Statistics tab to view information about the number of packets sent and received by the ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card. The default Statistics screen displays the following statistics:
Unicast Packets Sent:::: This statistic reports the number of packets transmitted by the card that were des-
tined for a single network node. Multicast Packets Sent: This statistic reports the number of packets transmitted by the card that were des-
tined for more than one network node. Unicast Packets Received: This statistic reports the number of packets received that were destined only for this card. Multicast Packets Received:::: This statistic reports the number of packets received that were destined for more than one network node. You can view additional statistics by clicking Advanced Statistics; an example is shown below. The advanced Statistics screen displays the following additional statistics:
Configuration & the ORiNOCO Utility 36 Send Send Rate: This field reports the cards current transmit rate. Unicast Bytes Sent: This statistic reports the total number of bytes contained in the unicast packets trans-
mitted by the card. Multicast Bytes Sent: This statistic reports the total number of bytes contained in the multicast packets transmitted by the card. Single Retries: After the card sends a packet, it waits for an acknowledgment from the receiving radio to confirm that the packet was successfully received. If an acknowledgment is not received within a fixed period of time, the card will retransmit the packet. This statistic reports the number of packets that required one retry before the card received an acknowledgment. Multiple Retries: This statistic reports the number of packets that required more than one retry before the card received an acknowledgment. Excessive Retries: This statistic reports the number of packets that were not successfully transmitted because the card did not receive an acknowledgment within the maximum number of retries. Last ACK RSSI: This statistic reports the RSSI (Received Signal Strength) for the last acknowledgment (ACK) received by the card. RSSI is reported in decibels (dB) and typically ranges from 0 to 75. In general, an RSSI less than 15 indicates a weak signal and an RSSI greater than 30 indicates a strong signal. ACK Errors: This statistic reports the number of unicast transmit attempts for which no acknowledgement
(ACK) was received. CTS Errors: This statistic reports the number of Clear To Send (CTS) errors. When the card uses RTS/CTS before transmitting a packet, it first sends a Request to Send (RTS) message to the packets recipient. The packets recipient then returns a CTS message to the card. When the card receives the CTS, it sends the packet to the recipient. However, if the card does not receive a CTS within a fixed period of time, it will resend the RTS. After a fixed number of retries, the card will record a CTS Error if a CTS has not been received. Receive Receive Rate: This field reports the data rate at which the card is currently receiving packets sent by another wireless device (either 802.11a or 802.11b). Unicast Bytes Received: This statistic reports the total number of bytes contained in the unicast packets received by the card. Multicast Bytes Received: This statistic reports the total number of bytes contained in the multicast packets received by the card. WEP Undecryptable: This statistic displays the number of packets that were discarded due to a problem during decryption, such as mismatched WEP Keys. Bad Frame Checksum: This statistic displays the number of received packets that failed the CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) of the Frame Check Sequence (FCS). Last Frames RSSI: This statistic reports the RSSI (Received Signal Strength) for the last packet received by the card. RSSI is reported in decibels (dB) and typically ranges from 0 to 75. In general, an RSSI less than 15 indicates a weak signal and an RSSI greater than 30 indicates a strong signal. Duplicate Frames: This statistic displays the number of duplicate packets received by the card. When the card successfully receives a packet, it sends an acknowledgment (ACK) to the transmitting node. If the ACK does not reach the transmitting node within a specified period of time after it sent the packet (due to inter-
ference or some other type of delay), it will resend the packet to the recipient. In this case, the card then receives the packet a second time, records that it received a duplicate packet, and sends an ACK again. Configuration & the ORiNOCO Utility 37 Available Networks Click the Available Networks tab to view the list of Access Points and/or Ad Hoc stations within range of the card. In the example below, the utility detected multiple 802.11a Access Points. The Available Networks screen reports the following information for each Access Point or Ad Hoc node detected by the card:
BSSID: This field reports the physical (or MAC) address of the detected Access Point or the Basic Service Set ID of the detected Ad Hoc node. SSID: This field reports the detected devices SSID or Service Set Identifier. See SSID on page 22 for more information. Channel: This field displays the Channel used by the detected device. See Channel on page 30 for more information. Signal Strength: This field displays the strength of the radio signal received from the detected wireless device. Configuration & the ORiNOCO Utility 38 Use the Network Display Filter settings to determine which devices appear in the Available Networks field. You can select one to four of the filters in any combination. To see Ad Hoc stations, place a check mark in the Display Ad Hoc stations box. To see 802.11a Access Points, place a check mark in the Display 802.11a Networks box. To see 802.11a Access Points in 2X mode, place a check mark in the Display 802.11a 2x Networks box. To see 802.11b Access Points, place a check mark in the Display 802.11b Networks box. If you want the card to associate with one of the detected Access Points or join the same Ad Hoc network as one of the detected Ad Hoc nodes, highlight the node within the device list and click Associate. The cards Mode, Network Type, and SSID will automatically change to match the selected devices configuration settings. In addition, you can use perform a Transmission Success Rate test with any of the detected Access Points by clicking the Test button. Note:
A drop-down menu appears when you right-click an entry within the Available Networks list. The menu contains Associate and Test options. Packet Transmission Success Rate Select one of the detected Access Points in the Available Networks screen and click Test to determine the link quality between the card and the selected device. Performing a Transmission Test will reset the cards statistics. Note:
The Packet Transmission Success Rate screen displays the Network Name (i.e., SSID) and MAC address of the selected Access Point. The card sends a series of packets to the selected device and monitors the number of replies it receives. This information is converted to a percentage and plotted on a graph. Configuration & the ORiNOCO Utility 39 In addition, the utility displays the current success rate in the Instantaneous Success field and the average success rate (since the beginning of the test) in the Average Success field. By default, the card uses a packet size of 500 Bytes and automatically switches between all rates as necessary during the test (greater range generally means a lower transfer rate). However, you can also specify a transfer rate and/or a packet size (between 1 and 1500 Bytes) using the drop-down menu. If you change either the Transfer Rate or the packet size, click Apply for these changes to take effect. Click Close to exit the Packet Transmission Success Rate screen. Note:
You can only perform a transmission test with an Access Point; you cannot perform a transmission test with an Ad Hoc node. Version Information Click the About tab to view version information for the Combo CardBus Cards driver and utility. Chapter 5 Troubleshooting 40 The ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card is designed to be very easy to install and operate. However, if you experience any difficulties, use the information in this chapter to help diagnose and solve the problem. If you still cannot resolve the problem, contact Proxim Technical Support as described in Appendix B, Technical Support and Training, on page 49. How to Obtain Help with Your LAN Installation If you require assistance to install your LAN, Proxim can put you in touch with a reseller in your area. The reseller is an expert in the design, installation, and maintenance of LANs and will be able to examine your needs and recommend the most cost-effective solution for your LAN whether you are installing a new LAN or adding on to an existing one. For the location of the ORiNOCO reseller nearest you, contact Proxim at 1-800-229-1630 or 1-408-731-2700 and ask for the Sales Department. Common Installation Problems Chapter 2 describes how to install an ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card in a computer running Windows 98 Second Edition (SE), Windows Millennium Edition (ME), Windows 2000, Windows XP, or Windows NT. This section provides suggestions to resolve some of the common installation problems with an ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card. Card Inserted Before Running the Installation Program If you inserted the ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card into a Windows computer before running the ORiNOCO Installation program, you can install the card using Microsofts Add New Hardware Wizard. Turn on the computer and logon to Windows, if applicable. Insert the card into an available CardBus slot. Follow these steps:
1. 2. 3. Be patient while Windows automatically detects the card and launches the Add New Hardware Wizard. 4. 5. Insert the ORiNOCO CD into the computers CD-ROM drive. Follow the on-screen instructions to install the card using the Add New Hardware Wizard. Windows 98/ME users: Insert the Windows installation CD if prompted. If you do not have a Windows installation CD, see Windows ME and Windows 98 SE Installation CD Requirement on page 10. Windows NT users: Proceed to Step #7 if the card is not automatically detected. If prompted, restart the computer and logon to Windows. Run SETUP.EXE from the ORiNOCO Installation CD to launch the ORiNOCO Utility Setup program. 6. 7. Troubleshooting 41 8. Follow the on-screen instructions to install the ORiNOCO Utility. Refer to Chapter 5 beginning on page 18 for information on how to use the ORiNOCO Utility. Windows 98/ME/2000/XP Troubleshooting Card Not Listed in Device Manager Follow these steps if you have installed the ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card but it does not appear as a network adapter in the Device Manager:
1. Open the Device Manager (located within the Control Panels System icon). 2. Check the Other Devices category for a PCI Ethernet Controller or Ethernet Controller entry. 3. 4. Close the Device Manager. 5. Shut down the computer and remove the Combo CardBus Card from the computer. 6. Follow the installation instructions in Chapter 2 to install the ORiNOCO driver and utility. If the entry appears in the Other Devices category, highlight it and click Remove. Card Not Installed Properly If the ORiNOCO Device Setup program or Windows Networking reports that the ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card has not been properly installed or configured after you have completed the ORiNOCO Installation program, open the Device Manager and locate the cards entry in the Network adapters category. If a yellow exclamation point (!) appears next to the cards Device Manager entry, then the card is not working properly. Follow these steps:
1. Uninstall the card as described in Uninstalling an ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card on page 42. 2. Reinstall the card following the installation instructions in Chapter 2. Configuring Networking Clients and Protocols an ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card will bind to any existing networking components, such as Client for Microsoft Networks and the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). Refer to the steps below that correspond to your computers operating system to configure the cards networking components. Windows XP/2000 Follow these steps to configure the cards networking clients and protocols in a Windows XP or 2000 computer:
1. Open the Control Panels Network and Dial-up Connections (Windows 2000) or Network Connections
(Windows XP) icon. 2. Scroll through the list of network connections and right-click the Local Area Connection that corresponds to the ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card. 3. Select Properties from the drop-down menu to view the connections properties screen. 4. Select a client or protocol from the list of components and click Properties to configure its settings. For example, if you want to assign the card a static IP address, highlight Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and click Properties. Note:
To add a new client or protocol, click Install... and follow the on-screen instructions. Troubleshooting 42 Windows ME/98 SE Follow these steps to configure a cards networking clients and protocols in a Windows 98/ME computer:
1. Open the Control Panels Network icon. 2. Select a client or protocol from the list of installed components and click Properties to configure its settings. For example, if you want to assign the card a static IP address, highlight TCP/IP or TCP/IP -> ORiNOCO Card and click Properties. Note:
To add a new client or protocol, click Add... and follow the on-screen instructions. Windows NT Follow these steps to configure a cards networking protocols in a Windows NT computer:
1. Open the Control Panels Network icon. 2. Click the Protocols tab. 3. Select a protocol from the list of installed components and click Properties to configure its settings. 4. Select the ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card from the list of installed adapters. 5. Configure the protocol as necessary. 6. Click OK or Apply save your changes. 7. Note:
To add a new client or protocol, click Add... and follow the on-screen instructions. Close the Network screen and restart the computer if prompted. Uninstalling an ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card Right-click the Status Monitor and choose Remove Status Monitor From Task Bar. Follow these steps if you need to uninstall the card:
1. 2. Open the Control Panel and double-click the Add/Remove Programs icon. 3. Select ORiNOCO from the list of installed programs and click Add/Remove... (Windows 98/ME/NT) or Change/Remove (Windows XP/2000). 4. Select Automatic from the list of uninstall options and click Next. 5. Click Finish to continue. 6. Click Remove to remove the ORiNOCO card. 7. 8. 9. Remove the following driver files, if present:
Note:
Click Close or OK after the ORiNOCO card has been removed. If prompted, click Cancel to prevent the computer from restarting. By default, Windows will hide some of these file types. Confirm that you have configured Windows to show all files before assuming that these files are not present. The Hidden Files option is available under the Folder Options heading of the Windows Explorers View or Tools menu. Windows 98/ME computers:
C:\WINDOWS\INF\NTPR11AB.INF C:\WINDOWS\INF\OTHER\PROXIM,INC.NTPR11AB.INF C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\PROX11AB.SYS C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM\PROX11AB.SYS Troubleshooting 43 Windows NT computers:
C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM32\PROX11ABN4.DLL C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\PROX11ABN4.SYS Windows 2000 computers:
C:\WINNT\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\PROX11AB.SYS C:\WINNT\INF\NTPR11AB.INF C:\WINNT\INF\NTPR11AB.PNF Windows XP computers:
C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\PROX11AB.SYS C:\WINDOWS\INF\NTPR11AB.INF C:\WINDOWS\INF\NTPR11AB.PNF 10. Shut down the computer. 11. Remove the card from the computer. Range Every environment is unique with different obstacles, barriers, materials, etc., and, therefore, it is difficult to determine the exact range that will be achieved without testing. Radio signals may reflect off of some obstacles or be absorbed by others depending on their construction. Proper antenna placement can help improve range. Try to keep the cards antennas free of obstructions
(particularly metal objects) and do not place a sheet of metal (like a filing cabinet) between two antennas. Also, Proxim recommends that you use the ORiNOCO Utility to evaluate the signal strength and link quality between the card and other wireless devices. LED Indicators The ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card includes two green LED indicators on the top of the card near the antenna. These LEDs display the following behavior:
Both LEDs are off when the card is not receiving power or when the ORiNOCO driver is not installed. The LEDs blink in an alternating pattern when the card is searching for an Access Point (in Infrastructure mode) or Ad Hoc network (in Ad Hoc mode). The LEDs blink in unison every second when the card has associated with an Access Point or joined an Ad Hoc network. When there is network activity, the LEDs blink at a faster rate; the LEDs will blink in unison more often as the cards Send or Receive Rate increases. Troubleshooting 44 Common Technical Support Questions This section discusses some of the most common problems using an ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card and offers possible solutions. Symptom/Question Possible Solution/Answer I installed the adapter card in the computer before running SETUP.EXE. What should I do?
My office has an existing 802.11b network. Is the combo card compatible?
I want to install an 802.11a network in my office that has an existing 802.11b network. Will the 802.11a network interfere with the 802.11b network?
Is an ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card compatible with 802.11a and 802.11b products from other vendors?
In throughput tests, the card doesnt seem to transfer data as quickly as Id expect. How do I determine where to install Access Points to ensure that users can access the wireless network from anywhere in my facility?
Ive entered my Harmony User Name and Password but I cant log on to the network. Follow the on-screen instructions to install the card using Microsofts Add New Hardware Wizard. When prompted, point the Wizard to search the ORiNOCO Installation CD for driver files. Then, after you have installed the driver, run SETUP.EXE from the ORiNOCO Installation CD to install the ORiNOCO utility. Yes, when it is operating in 802.11b mode. No. 802.11a and 802.11b devices will not interfere with each other since they operate at different frequencies. 802.11a devices operate in the 5 GHz band, and 802.11b devices operate in the 2.4 GHz band. Yes, the card can interoperable with 802.11a-compliant or 802.11b-compliant products from other vendors. However, if you use 2X mode to achieve data rates up to 108 Mbps, the card is only compatible with 802.11a products from Proxim. Data rate is the raw signaling rate of a networking device; it does not equal data throughput. Actual data throughput is always less than the data rate since some of the available bandwidth is used to send control messages and regulate activity over the wireless medium. Also, throughput will depend on several factors such as network overhead, the file transfer program in use, the computers operating system, and the computers processor speed. Proxim recommends that you perform a site survey following the procedure outlined in Proxims Introduction to Enterprise Wireless Networking Technical Training class. If you would like to learn more about the site survey procedure, you should consider signing up for a Proxim Technical Training class in your area. Refer to Proxims Web site at http://training.proxim.com/ for more information. Either your User Name or Password is incorrect or you are not in range of an Access Point. To determine whether or not you are in range of an Access Point, click Cancel to access the Windows desktop and locate the Association State field within the ORiNOCO Utility. Then, log on to Windows again to bring up the Harmony logon prompt. If you are out of range of an Access Point, check the Defer logon for current session if Access Point is out of range box and click Logon. If your User Name or Password is incorrect, contact your network administrator for assistance. Troubleshooting 45 Symptom/Question Possible Solution/Answer I deferred my Harmony logon until my computer was in range of an Access Point. However, once the card associated with an Access Point, I could not access the network. Open the ORiNOCO Utilitys Association Information screen and locate the Harmony Security Protocol field. If the field reports User is not authenticated, then either your User Name or Password is incorrect. Try logging on to Windows again. If problems persist, contact your network administrator to confirm your User Name and Password. My Harmony User Name and Password are synchronized with my Windows User Name and Password so the Harmony logon prompt does not appear after I logon to Windows. But now I want to change my Harmony Password. What can I do?
Change your Windows Password; the Harmony logon prompt will reappear after you log on to Windows once your Windows Password and Harmony Password no longer match. Otherwise, contact your network administrator who can change your Password via the Harmony Systems User Database. My computer cant reestablish a network connection when the Harmony Security Protocol is enabled. Does the card support IEEE 802.1x Authentication?
How long will my battery last when using the ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card?
You need to logon to Harmony Security first before logging on to Windows to gain immediate access to network resources. Open the Harmony Utilitys Security screen and place a check mark next to the Log on to Harmony Security before Windows Logon option. Then, save your changes and logon to Windows again. Yes, but you cannot configure 802.1x using the ORiNOCO Utility;
you need to use a configuration utility supplied by your RADIUS server vendor. Also, Windows XP provides native support for the IEEE 802.1x standard. Battery life will vary from unit to unit and depends on many factors including battery type, length of battery life without the CardBus Card inserted, and how frequently the CardBus Card transmits and receives data. Frequent network activity will drain the battery faster than if the card were left idle in doze mode. Configuring the CardBus Card to use one of the Power Saving modes will prolong battery life. However, you should perform some tests under normal operating conditions to accurately determine a devices battery life with the Combo CardBus Card. Appendix A Technical Specifications 46 The following technical specification is for reference purposes only. Actual products performance and compliance with local telecommunications regulations may vary from country to country. Proxim Corporation will only ship products that are type approved in the destination country. Technical Specifications General Compatibility ............................. Fully interoperable with IEEE 802.11a compliant products in 802.11a mode;
Fully interoperable with IEEE 802.11b compliant products in 802.11b mode Warranty .................................... 3-years parts and labor (return to factory) LED Indicators ............................ Two (2) LEDs indicate Power On, Sleep Mode, Transmit Activity, Association and Power Off Network Information Security ..................................... 40, 128 & 152-bit Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) data encryption;
Harmony Security Protocol; 802.1x authentication Network Architecture.................. Supports Ad Hoc peer-to-peer networks and communication to wired infrastructure networks via Access Points Installation & Diagnostics.......... Complete configuration utility application included; Utilitys site survey tool surveys other wireless units and reports packet throughput;
Desktop icon continuously reports status Operating System Support......... Windows 98SE, 2000, ME, XP, NT 4.0 (Service Pack 6 or later) Roaming .................................... Seamless among 802.11a compliant access points (in 802.11a mode) or 802.11b compliant access points (in 802.11b mode), including across subnets via Harmony AP Controller Radio (802.11a Mode) Media Access Protocol ............... IEEE 802.11a Radio Data Rate ......................... 54 Mbps, 48 Mbps, 36 Mbps, 24 Mbps, 18 Mbps, 12 Mbps, 9 Mbps, 6 Mbps in 802.11a mode;
108 Mbps, 96 Mbps, 72 Mbps, 48 Mbps, 36 Mbps, 24 Mbps, 18 Mbps, 12 Mbps in 2X mode Frequency Band (802.11a) .......... 5.15-5.35 & 5.725-5.850 GHz and 5.470-5.725 GHz in Europe (extended European band) Radio Type (802.11a) .................. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Modulation ................................ 64 QAM, 16 QAM, QPSK, BPSK Channels.................................... Varies by country. See Channel on page 30. 47 Radio (802.11b Mode) Media Access Protocol ............... IEEE 802.11b Radio Data Rate ......................... 11 Mbps, 5.5 Mbps, 2 Mbps, 1 Mbps Frequency Band ......................... 2.4 GHz frequency band; actual frequencies in use vary by country Radio Type ................................. Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Modulation ................................ CCK, QPSK, BPSK Channels.................................... Varies by country. See Channel on page 30. Environmental Operating Temperature .............. 0C to +60C Storage Temperature.................. -65C to 150C Humidity .................................... 5% to 95% non-condensing Physical Bus Interface ............................. 32-bit CardBus CardBus Card Voltage................. 3.3 Volts Weight ....................................... 1.41 ounces (40 g) 48 Default Infrastructure Auto 802.11a Off Normal any Parameters Parameter Range Network Type Mode Ad Hoc*, Infrastructure Auto, 802.11a, 802.11b Auto Mode Preference 802.11a, 802.11b Power Saving (Infrastructure only) Off, Normal, Maximum Roaming SSID Security Level Fast, Slow, Normal Up to 32 characters No Security or 802.1x, Use WEP for Authentication and Encryption, Use Harmony Security Protocol No Security or 802.1x Key Size 64 Bit, 128 Bit, 152 Bit (not available for 802.11b) WEP Keys
(When Security Level is set to Use WEP for Authentication and Encryption) Up to 4 Keys:
10 hexadecimal digits per key for 64 Bit, 26 hexadecimal digits per key for 128 Bit, 32 hexadecimal digits per key for 152 Bit 64 Bit Blank Default Key One of the four configured WEP Keys WEP Key 1 Channel
(Configurable in Ad Hoc mode;
assigned by AP in Infrastructure mode) Send Rate 802.11a U.S. & Canada: In 802.11a mode: Channels 36, 40, 44, 48, 52, 56, 60, 64, 149, 153, 157, 161 & 165;
In 2X mode: Channels 42, 50, 58, 152 & 160 Europe: Channels 36, 40, 44, 48, 52, 56, 60, 64, 100, 104, 108, 112, 116, 120, 124, 128, 132, 136 & 140 Japan: Channels 34, 38, 42 & 46 Singapore: Channels 36, 40, 44 & 48 802.11b U.S. & Canada: Channels 1-11 Europe (except France and Spain): Channels 1-13 France: Channels 10-13 Spain: Channels 10-11 Japan: Channels 1-14 802.11a Automatic or select one of the following: 54 Mbps, 48 Mbps, 36 Mbps, 24 Mbps, 18 Mbps, 12 Mbps, 9 Mbps, and 6 Mbps in 802.11a mode; 108 Mbps, 96 Mbps, 72 Mbps, 48 Mbps, 36 Mbps, 24 Mbps, 18 Mbps, and 12 Mbps in 2X mode*
802.11b Automatic or select one of the following: 11 Mbps, 5 Mbps, 2 Mbps, 1 Mbps, and 1/2 Mbps auto select RTS/CTS RTS/CTS Threshold Fragmentation Enabled, Disabled 1 to 2345 (for 802.11a) 1 to 1513 (for 802.11b) Enabled, Disabled Fragmentation Threshold 256 to 2345 Depends on Mode and Network Type Automatic Disabled blank Disabled blank
*Ad Hoc mode not available for 802.11a products in Europe; 2X mode not available in Europe, Japan, or Singapore. Appendix B Technical Support and Training 49 If you are having a problem using an ORiNOCO 802.11a/b Combo CardBus Card and cannot resolve it with the information in Chapter 5, gather the following information and contact Proxim Technical Support:
What kind of network are you using?
What were you doing when the error occurred?
What error message did you see?
Can you reproduce the problem?
What version of the ORiNOCO driver are you using?
You can reach Proxim Technical Support by voice, fax, e-mail, or mail:
Tel:
Fax:
Web:
E-mail:
1-800-477-6946 (Toll-free in the U.S. and Canada) 1-408-731-2640 (International) 1-408-731-3676 http://www.proxim.com/
support@proxim.com Proxim Corporation Attn: Technical Support 935 Stewart Drive Sunnyvale, CA 94085 In addition, Proxim offers technical training courses across the United States throughout the year that are designed to teach customers how to maximize the benefits of Proxim products. These classes are taught by experienced Proxim Systems Engineers and have a technical focus. For class and registration information, visit Proxims Web site at http://training.proxim.com. 50 Index A ACK Errors.................................................................................................................................. 36 Ad Hoc........................................................................................................................ 12, 13, 20, 48 Add New Hardware Wizard ...................................................................................................... 40, 44 Alternate Installation Instructions ............................................................................................ 4041 Antenna.................................................................................................................................. 7, 43 Association Information.......................................................................................................... 1920 Association State......................................................................................................................... 19 Auto ........................................................................................................................................... 21 Auto Mode .................................................................................................................................. 21 Auto Mode Preference .................................................................................................................. 21 Available Networks ................................................................................................................ 37??
Average Packets/Sec................................................................................................................... 20 B Bad Frame Checksum .................................................................................................................. 36 Battery Life.................................................................................................................................. 45 BSSID......................................................................................................................................... 37 Bus Interface............................................................................................................................... 47 C Certificate Authority (CA).............................................................................................................. 27 Certification ................................................................................................................................. 3 Channel....................................................................................................... 16, 17, 19, 3032, 37, 48 Client for Microsoft Networks......................................................................................................... 41 Common Installation Problems ................................................................................................ 4041 Common Technical Support Questions ..................................................................................... 4445 Configuration ........................................................................................................................ 2034 Configuration Parameters............................................................................................................. 48 Configure WEP Keys..................................................................................................................... 23 CTS Errors .................................................................................................................................. 36 D Data Rate......................................................................................................................... 32, 46, 47 Default Key ...................................................................................................................... 23, 24, 48 Defer Logon for Current Session If Access Point Is Out of Range.................................................... 26, 44 Device Manager ........................................................................................................................... 41 Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum .................................................................................................. 8 Disable Device Radio.................................................................................................................... 18 Domain Controller....................................................................................................................... 25 Duplicate Frames ........................................................................................................................ 36 E 802.11a. See IEEE 802.11a Standard Available Networks ................................................................................................................ ??39 802.11a ....................................................................................................................................... 8 51 802.11b ..................................................................................................................................... 44 802.1x ............................................................................................................................. 27??, 45 Configuration .................................................................................................................. ??29 Ethernet Controller ....................................................................................................................... 41 Excessive Retries ........................................................................................................................ 36 Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)........................................................................................ 27 F FCC ......................................................................................................................................... 3, 9 Fragmentation ............................................................................................................................. 33 Frequency Band.......................................................................................................................... 46 Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum .............................................................................................. 8 Funk Odyssey Server ................................................................................................................... 27 H Harmony 802.11a Access Point......................................................................................................... 1417 Access Point............................................................................................................... 22, 3739 Access Point Controller ...................................................................................................... 14, 16 Security Protocol.............................................................................................................. 2527 User Name and Password ....................................................................................... 25, 26, 44, 45 Utility ............................................................................................................................. 1839 Installation Instructions............................................................................................... 11??
Status Monitor...................................................................................................... 12, 18, 42 I IEEE 802.11a Standard Interoperability....................................................................................................................... 6 IEEE 802.11b Standard. See 802.11b IEEE 802.1x. See 802.1x Infrared ....................................................................................................................................... 8 Infrastructure ......................................................................................................... 12, 1417, 20, 48 Installation Instructions............................................................................................................ 912 Instantaneous Packets/Sec.......................................................................................................... 20 K Key Size................................................................................................................................ 23, 48 L Last ACK RSSI ............................................................................................................................. 36 Last Frames RSSI........................................................................................................................ 36 LED Indicators (CardBus Card) ...................................................................................................... 43 Link Quality........................................................................................................................... 3839 Log on to Harmony Security before Windows Logon .................................................................... 25, 45 M Media Access Protocol.................................................................................................................. 47 Microsoft Windows 2000 Internet Authentication Service (IAS) Server................................................ 27 Mode ......................................................................................................................................... 21 Modulation ........................................................................................................................... 46, 47 Multicast Bytes Received ............................................................................................................. 36 Multicast Bytes Sent.................................................................................................................... 36 Multicast Packets Received ........................................................................................................... 35 Multicast Packets Sent ................................................................................................................. 35 Multiple Retries .......................................................................................................................... 36 52 N NETPR11A.CAT.............................................................................................................................. 12 NETPR11A.INF ............................................................................................................................. 42 Network Mode ............................................................................................................................. 12 Network Name............................................................................................................................ 38 Network Traffic Statistics......................................................................................................... 3536 Network Type ............................................................................................................................. 20 Networking Client Configuration .................................................................................................................. 4142 New Hardware Wizard. See Add New Hardware Wizard Novell Network ........................................................................................................................... 25 O Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)..................................................................... 8, 46 P Packet Transmission Success Rate ........................................................................................... 3839 Password.............................................................................................................................. 25, 26 PC Anywhere .............................................................................................................................. 25 PCI Ethernet Controller.................................................................................................................. 41 Power Saving.................................................................................................................... 22, ??22 Product Certification...................................................................................................................... 3 Product Package ........................................................................................................................... 7 Protocol Configuration .................................................................................................................. 4142 PROX11A.SYS......................................................................................................................... 12, 42 PROX11AN4.SYS.......................................................................................................................... 43 R RADIUS Server ............................................................................................................................ 27 Range........................................................................................................................................ 43 Read Keys ........................................................................................................................ 24, 2425 Receive Rate............................................................................................................................... 36 Regulatory Information and Warnings .......................................................................................... 3, 9 Remove Status Monitor From Task Bar ............................................................................................ 18 Roaming ........................................................................................................................... 1517, 22 RSSI .......................................................................................................................................... 36 See also Signal Strength RTS/CTS ............................................................................................................................... 33, 48 Run 802.11a Configuration Utility ................................................................................................... 18 53 S Security Settings See also RSSI Configuration .................................................................................................................. ??29 Send Rate ........................................................................................................................ 32, 36, 48 SETUP.EXE ........................................................................................................................ 11, 40, 44 Signal Strength...................................................................................................................... 20, 37 Single Retries ............................................................................................................................. 36 Site Survey................................................................................................................................. 44 Spread Spectrum .......................................................................................................................... 8 SSID............................................................................................................................ 16, 17, 37, 48 Statistics. See Network Traffic Statistics Status Monitor.................................................................................................................. 12, 18, 42 Synchronize Password with Windows Logon................................................................................... 27 System Requirements.................................................................................................................... 7 T TCP/IP ........................................................................................................................................ 41 Technical Support ....................................................................................................................... 49 Technical Training ....................................................................................................................... 49 Temperature Operating.............................................................................................................................. 47 Throughput ................................................................................................................................ 44 Topologies ............................................................................................................................. 1317 Transmit Rate. See Send Rate Troubleshooting Suggestions .................................................................................................. 4045 2X Mode ...................................................................................................................................... 8 U Unicast Bytes Received................................................................................................................ 36 Unicast Bytes Sent ...................................................................................................................... 36 Unicast Packets Received.............................................................................................................. 35 Unicast Packets Sent.................................................................................................................... 35 Uninstall Instructions ............................................................................................................. 4243 Use Harmony Security Protocol ........................................................................................... 2527, 48 Use WEP for Authentication and Encryption ............................................................... 2223, ??25, 48 User Database....................................................................................................................... 25, 45 User Name ............................................................................................................................ 25, 26 V Version Information..................................................................................................................... 39 Voltage....................................................................................................................................... 47 W Warranty Information..................................................................................................................... 2 WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy)...................................................................................... 2223, ??25 WEP Key........................................................................................................................... 2425, 48 WEP Undecryptable..................................................................................................................... 36 54 Windows 2000 ............................................................................................................................. 7 Server.................................................................................................................................. 25 Windows 98/ME ........................................................................................................................... 7 Cabinet (CAB) Files................................................................................................................. 10 Installation CD............................................................................................................ 10, 12, 40 Windows NT ............................................................................................................................... 25 Windows XP ................................................................................................................................. 7 Disable Harmony Configuration .............................................................................................. 34 Enabling 802.1x............................................................................................................... 2829 Wireless Topologies ................................................................................................................ 1317
1 2 3 4 | MANUAL | Users Manual | 1.71 MiB |
User Guide for the ORiNOCO 802.11a/b ComboCard The Capacity to Do Great Things. Copyright 2002 Proxim Corporation, Sunnyvale, CA. All rights reserved. Covered by one or more of the following U.S. patents:
5,231,634; 5,875,179; 6,006,090; 5,809,060; 6,075,812; 5,077,753. This users guide and the software described in it are copyrighted with all rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language in any form by any means without the written permission of Proxim Corporation. Trademarks ORiNOCO is a registered trademark, and Harmony, 2X, Proxim, and the Proxim logo are trademarks of Proxim Corporation. All other trademarks mentioned herein are the property of their respective owners. ORiNOCO 802.11a/b ComboCard Users Guide Part # 62564 Rev. 02 11_02 2 ORiNOCO ComboCard Users Guide Contents 1 Introduction . 5 Introducing the ORiNOCO 802.11a/b ComboCard . 5 The Product Package . 5 System Requirements . 6 The IEEE 802.11 Specifications . 6 2 Installation . 7 Pre-installation Considerations . 7 U.S. Regulatory Warnings . 7 FCC Guidelines . 7 Radio Frequency Interference Requirements. 7 DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY . 7 Windows ME and Windows 98 SE Installation CD Requirement . 8 Note to Customers Using a Laptop Without a CD-ROM Drive . 8 Note to Customers Who Already Have Harmony 802.11a Software Installed . 8 Installation Instructions . 9 Related Topics . 15 3 Wireless Topologies . 16 Peer-to-Peer Group . 16 Access Point Infrastructure . 17 Connecting to a Single AP. 17 Roaming Between Multiple APs . 18 Guidelines for Roaming . 19 4 Configuration Utility. 20 Status Monitor Icon . 20 Configuration Utility . 22 Association Information . 22 Configuration . 23 Note to Windows XP Users . 23 Basic. 24 Security. 27 Advanced . 36 Profiles . 39 3 Statistics. 43 Site Monitor . 45 Refresh List . 46 Snoop Tool . 46 Associate . 47 Packet Transmission Success Rate . 48 Version Information . 49 5 Troubleshooting. 50 How to Obtain Help with Your LAN Installation . 50 Common Installation Problems . 50 Card Inserted Before Running the Installation Program . 50 Card Not Listed in Device Manager. 51 Card Not Installed Properly . 51 Configuring Networking Clients and Protocols . 51 Windows XP/2000 . 51 Windows ME/98 SE . 51 Uninstalling an ORiNOCO 802.11a/b ComboCard . 52 Range . 52 LED Indicators . 53 Common Technical Support Questions . 53 A Specifications. 55 Technical Specifications . 55 Parameters . 57 B Technical Support . 58 C Warranty and Regulatory Information . 59 Limited Warranty, Disclaimer, Limitation Of Liability . 59 Warranty Return Policy . 59 Regulatory Information . 59 FCC WARNING . 59 European Regulatory Information . 60 Japanese Regulatory Information . 61 Association of Radio Industries and Businesses (ARIB) . 61 Product Approvals . 62 Index . 63 4 Introduction In This Chapter
Introducing the ORiNOCO 802.11a/b ComboCard The Product Package System Requirements The IEEE 802.11 Specifications 1 Introducing the ORiNOCO 802.11a/b ComboCard Congratulations on your purchase of an ORiNOCO 802.11a/b ComboCard, a high performance wireless LAN adapter card that complies with the IEEE 802.11a and 802.11b wireless standards. This means that the card is interoperable with IEEE 802.11a and 802.11b equipment from any manufacturer. The card cannot use both standards simultaneously but it can automatically switch between the two. In addition, the card supports 802.11a 2X mode*, which provides data rates of up to 108 Mbps. The ORiNOCO ComboCard supports Windows XP, Windows 2000, Windows Millennium Edition (ME), and Windows 98 Second Edition (SE). Computers with an ORiNOCO ComboCard installed look like standard network nodes to the operating system. The ORiNOCO ComboCard can be used with other 802.11a or 802.11b devices to form a stand-alone wireless Peer-to-Peer Group* or used in conjunction with an Access Point infrastructure to provide mobile clients with wireless access to an Ethernet network. Proxim is a leading manufacturer of wireless networking equipment. Proxims unmatched expertise in radio networking technology, combined with the companys extensive experience serving the communication needs of the mobile computing user, have kept Proxim at the forefront of the wireless Local Area Networking (LAN) market.
*Available features vary by region/country. The Product Package Each ORiNOCO 802.11a/b ComboCard comes with the following:
One Gold Model 8460 or Silver Model 8461 ORiNOCO ComboCard
The Gold card provides the following features that are not included with the Silver card:
Supports Harmony Key Management (also known as the Harmony Security Protocol) Includes Boingo Wireless Software Both models include two integral antennas (antennas are inside the casing and not visible to the user)
One ORiNOCO Installation CD-ROM containing software and utilities and this users guide in Portable Document Format (PDF)
One ORiNOCO802.11a/bComboCard Quick Start Guide If any of these items are missing or damaged, please contact your reseller or ORiNOCO Technical Support (see Technical Support on page 58 for contact information). 5 System Requirements Introduction To begin using an ORiNOCO 802.11a/b ComboCard, you must have the following minimum requirements:
A computer that meets the following specifications:
Windows XP, Windows 2000, Windows Millennium Edition (ME), or Windows 98 Second Edition (SE) installed
At least one other IEEE 802.11a-compliant or 802.11b-compliant device
PC Card expansion slot (32-bit CardBus) At least 64 MB of memory A 300 MHz processor or higher Customers in Europe who want to use the card in 802.11a mode need an 802.11a-compliant Access Point
(Peer-to-Peer Groups are not available in Europe)
The IEEE 802.11 Specifications In 1997, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) adopted the 802.11 standard for wireless devices operating in the 2.4 GHz frequency band. This standard includes provisions for three radio technologies: direct sequence spread spectrum, frequency hopping spread spectrum, and infrared. Devices that comply with the 802.11 standard operate at a data rate of either 1 or 2 Mbps. In 1999, the IEEE modified the 802.11 standard to support direct sequence devices that can operate at speeds of up to 11 Mbps. The IEEE ratified this standard as 802.11b. 802.11b devices are backwards compatible with 2.4 GHz 802.11 direct sequence devices (that operate at 1 or 2 Mbps). Also in 1999, the IEEE modified the 802.11 standard to support devices operating in the 5 GHz frequency band. This standard is referred to as 802.11a. 802.11a devices are not backwards compatible with 2.4 GHz 802.11 or 802.11b devices. 802.11a radios use a radio technology called Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) to achieve data rates of up to 54 Mbps. Since both 802.11a and 802.11b are based on the same common standard (IEEE 802.11), 802.11a and 802.11b devices have many of the same parameters. This users guide uses the generic term 802.11 to refer to parameters that apply to both 802.11a and 802.11b devices. In addition to supporting 802.11a and 802.11b mode, the ORiNOCO ComboCard supports a third operating mode:
2XTM mode. 2X mode is an extension of the 802.11a standard that allows data rates of up to 108 Mbps; the ORiNOCO Utility refers to this mode as 802.11a 2X; other products, such as the ORiNOCO AP-2000, refer to this mode as Turbo mode. Note that 2X mode is not part of the 802.11a standard (so devices using this mode from different vendors may not necessarily be interoperable with each other), and 2X mode is not available in all countries. 127(127(127(127(
An 802.11a device and an 802.11b device cannot communicate with each other. Also, a device in 802.11a 2X mode and a device operating in 802.11a mode (2X mode disabled) cannot communicate. 6 Installation In This Chapter 2 This chapter describes how to install an ORiNOCO 802.11a/b ComboCard and software in a computer running Windows XP, Windows 2000, Windows Millennium Edition (ME), or Windows 98 Second Edition (SE).
Pre-installation Considerations Installation Instructions 127(127(127(127(
Run the ORiNOCO Installation program before installing the ORiNOCO ComboCard in the computer. Pre-installation Considerations Review the following pre-installation considerations before installing an ORiNOCO ComboCard. U.S. Regulatory Warnings FCC Guidelines This device has been tested for compliance with FCC RF Exposure (SAR) limits in a typical laptop configuration with a PCMCIA slot on either the right or left side of the laptop. In order to comply with the SAR limit established in the ANSI C95.1 standard, it is recommended when using a PC card adapter that the integrated antenna is positioned more than 2.5 centimeters from nearby persons during extended periods of operation. If the antenna is positioned less than 2.5 centimeters from nearby persons, it is recommended that the user limit exposure time. This device and its antenna must not be co-located or operated in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. Radio Frequency Interference Requirements The ORiNOCO 802.11a/b ComboCard, Models 8460 and 8461, operates in multiple frequency ranges including the 5.15 to 5.35 GHz band (when in 802.11a or 802.11a 2X mode); the device is restricted to indoor use due to their operation in the 5.15 to 5.25 GHz frequency range. FCC 15.407(e) requires that these devices be used indoors in the frequency range of 5.15 to 5.25 GHz to reduce the potential or harmful interference to co-channel Mobile Satellite systems. Therefore the devices should be used indoor only for channel 36, 40, 44, and 48 and when in 802.11a 2X mode, channel 42 and 50. High power radars are allocated as primary users of the 5.25 to 5.35 GHz and 5.725 to 5.850 GHz band. These radar stations can cause interference with and/or damage the ORiNOCO 802.11a/b ComboCard. DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY We, Proxim Corporation, 935 Stewart Drive Sunnyvale, CA 94085 USA 408-731-2700 declare under our sole responsibility that the ORiNOCO 802.11a/b ComboCard, Models 8460 and 8461, complies with Part 15 of FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. 7 Installation Windows ME and Windows 98 SE Installation CD Requirement Before beginning the installation of an ORiNOCO ComboCard, confirm that you have a Windows 98 SE or Windows ME installation CD available (depending on the computers operating system). Windows 98/ME users may be prompted to insert a Windows CD during the installation. You should not need a Windows CD when installing the card in a Windows XP or Windows 2000 computer. If you do not have a Windows 98/ME CD, it is possible that you already have the Windows installation files on your hard drive. These Windows installation files are known as Windows Cabinet or CAB files. The Cabinet files are commonly located in C:\WINDOWS\OPTIONS\INSTALL\ or C:\WINDOWS\OPTIONS\CABS\. 127(127(127(127(
Windows 98/ME users may need the Windows CD or Cabinet files to complete the installation of an ORiNOCO ComboCard. Proxim recommends that you do not proceed with the installation until you have confirmed that you have one of these Windows installation media available. Note to Customers Using a Laptop Without a CD-ROM Drive If you are installing the ORiNOCO ComboCard in a laptop that does not have a CD-ROM drive or if your CD-ROM drive is an external device that shares a single CardBus slot with network adapter cards, you should follow the steps below prior to installing the card:
1. Windows 98/ME users: Confirm that the Windows cabinet (CAB) files are installed on the computer. The CAB files are typically located in C:\WINDOWS\OPTIONS\INSTALL\ or C:\WINDOWS\OPTIONS\CABS\. 2. Windows 98/ME users: If the computer does not have the CAB files installed, copy the Win98 or Win9x folder found on the Windows CD-ROM to a temporary folder on the computer. 3. Copy the contents of the ORiNOCO Installation CD-ROM to a temporary folder on the computer. Alternatively, you may download the software at http://www.proxim.com or http://www.orinocowireless.com. 4. Follow the installation instructions contained in this chapter. When the instructions call for either the Windows CD or the ORiNOCO Installation CD, search the CAB files or the temporary folders you created in Steps #2 and 3. 5. When the installation is complete, remove the temporary folders you created in Steps #2 and 3 from the computers hard drive. Note to Customers Who Already Have Harmony 802.11a Software Installed The ORiNOCO 802.11a/b ComboCards software and utility cannot be installed on a computer that is already running the Harmony 802.11a Utility. If your computer already has the Harmony 802.11a Utility installed, the ORiNOCO 802.11 Setup program will detect the Harmony 802.11a software during installation and prompt you to authorize the removal of the Harmony 802.11a software, as shown in Figure 2-1. Figure 2-1 Harmony 802.11a Software Detected If you click Yes to proceed with ORiNOCO installation, the ORiNOCO Setup program will automatically remove the Harmony 802.11a Utility. If you select No, the ORiNOCO Setup program will close, and the ORiNOCO ComboCard will not be installed. After installing the ORiNOCO software, the Harmony 802.11a card will continue to function in the computer but you will use the ORiNOCO Utility rather than the Harmony 802.11a Utility to configure it. If you later want to return to the Harmony 802.11a Utility, you will need to uninstall the ORiNOCO software and reinstall the Harmony 802.11a software. 8 Installation Installation Instructions The instructions below describe how to install an ORiNOCO ComboCard by running the ORiNOCO Installation program before inserting the card into the computer. If you inserted the card before running the ORiNOCO Installation program, see Card Inserted Before Running the Installation Program on page 50 for instructions. Follow these steps to install an ORiNOCO ComboCard in a Windows 98 SE, Windows ME, Windows 2000, or Windows XP computer. 1. Turn on the computer and logon to Windows, if applicable. 2. 3. Insert the ORiNOCO Installation CD into the computers CD-ROM drive. If the ORiNOCO Installation program does not launch automatically, run SETUP.EXE from the ORiNOCO Installation CD to launch the program, which is shown in Figure 2-2. Figure 2-2 ORiNOCO Installation Program Welcome Screen 4. Click Next to continue. 5. Select a destination folder for the ORiNOCO Utility files and click Next to continue. 9 Installation Figure 2-3 ORiNOCO Installation Program Choose Destination Location Screen 6. Enter a name for the utilitys Program Manager group and click Next. This is the name that will appear under the Windows Start menu (under Start > Programs). Figure 2-4 ORiNOCO Installation Program Select Program Manager Group Screen 10 7. Click Next to install the utility. Installation Figure 2-5 ORiNOCO Installation Program Start Installation Screen 8. If prompted that a Harmony 802.11a Installation has been found on your computer, click Yes to uninstall it and continue with the ORiNOCO Installation. After installation, you will be able to use a Harmony 802.11a card with the ORiNOCO Utility. See Note to Customers Who Already Have Harmony 802.11a Software Installed on page 8 for more information. 9. When prompted, click OK to review the README file. Figure 2-6 ORiNOCO Installation Program README Prompt 10. Close the README file when finished. 11. Select installation options and click Finish. The Boingo software option only appears when installing a Gold card.
Leave the Read ORiNOCO configuration instructions option checked to view information about the ORiNOCO Utility. Gold Card users: Leave the Install Boingo Software option checked to add Boingo Wireless Software to your computer. Boingo is an easy-to-use service that provides wireless Internet access in hundreds of hot spot locations, such as airports, hotels, convention centers, and cafes. See http://www.boingo.com for more information. 11 Installation Figure 2-7 ORiNOCO Installation Program Utility Installation Complete Screen (Gold Card Installation) 12. If you left the Read ORiNOCO configuration instructions option checked, review the information that describes the ORiNOCO Status Monitor and click Finish to continue. Figure 2-8 ORiNOCO Installation Program Instructions Screen 12 13. Click OK to begin the ORiNOCO ComboCards driver installation. Installation Figure 2-9 ORiNOCO Installation Program Driver Install Screen 127(127(127(127(
Windows 2000/XP users: If prompted that the software is not Microsoft-certified, click Yes or Continue Anyway to continue the installation. The software is fully compatible with Windows 2000 and Windows XP. 14. Insert the card into the computers CardBus slot when prompted by the ORiNOCO Device Setup screen, shown in Figure 2-10. Figure 2-10 ORiNOCO Installation Program Device Setup Screen 15. Follow the on-screen instructions to install the card. Note the following:
If prompted to identify the location of the file Prox11ab.sys or Ntpr11ab.cat, direct the installation wizard to search the ORiNOCO Installation CD.
Windows XP users: If prompted, select Install the software automatically (Recommended) and click Next.
Windows 2000/XP users: If prompted that the software is not Microsoft-certified, click Yes or Continue Anyway to continue the installation. The software is fully compatible with Windows 2000 and Windows XP.
Windows 98/ME users: Insert the Windows installation CD if prompted. If you do not have a Windows installation CD, see Windows ME and Windows 98 SE Installation CD Requirement on page 8. 13 16. Click Close when prompted that the ORiNOCO ComboCard has been successfully installed. Installation Figure 2-11 ORiNOCO Installation Program Card Successfully Installed 127(127(127(127(
If the ORiNOCO Device Setup program or Windows Networking reports that the card has not been properly configured, follow the on-screen instructions and refer to Troubleshooting beginning on page 50 for suggestions. 17. Gold Card users: If you left the Install Boingo Software option checked, the Boingo installer will launch automatically. Follow the on-screen instructions to install the software. 127(127(127(127(
If you are a Boingo customer and are having problems using the Boingo software, contact Boingo Technical Support for assistance at 1-800-880-4117 or support@boingo.com. See http://www.boingo.com for more information. 18. The ORiNOCO Utilitys Status Monitor icon will appear in Windows Taskbar, as shown in Figure 2-12. Figure 2-12 Status Monitor Icon: Associated with an 802.11b Network 19. The ORiNOCO ComboCard is now ready for use. The card will automatically search for an 802.11a or 802.11b network to communicate with. Use the ORiNOCO Utility (described in Configuration Utility beginning on page 20) to configure the card.
Windows XP users: You may need to enable the ORiNOCO Utilitys configuration parameters before you can use the utility to change the cards settings. See Note to Windows XP Users on page 23 for details. If you have one or more 802.11a and/or 802.11b Access Points, configure the cards Network Type to Access Point. If your network consists of only 802.11a client adapters or 802.11b client adapters, set Network Type to Peer-to-Peer Group. 127(127(127(127(
ORiNOCO ComboCards sold in Europe do not support Peer-to-Peer Group when in 802.11a mode. For more information on Peer-to-Peer Groups and Access Point networks, see Wireless Topologies beginning on page 16 and Network Type on page 24. 14 Related Topics
Refer to Configuration Utility beginning on page 20 for information on the cards configuration parameters and for
information on how to use the ORiNOCO Utility. See Configuring Networking Clients and Protocols on page 51 for information on how to configure networking protocols like TCP/IP (so you can configure the cards IP settings). Installation 15 Wireless Topologies In This Chapter 3 ORiNOCO wireless products look and operate similar to Ethernet products. The only difference is that a radio replaces the wire between communicating devices. This means that all of your existing applications that operate over Ethernet will work with the ORiNOCO ComboCard without any special wireless networking software. The ORiNOCO 802.11a/b ComboCard supports several network topologies, which are described in this chapter.
Peer-to-Peer Group Access Point Infrastructure Peer-to-Peer Group Two or more computers easily establish a peer-to-peer group (also known as an Ad Hoc network) when the units are in range of each other. Each computer can dynamically connect and reconnect to the others with no additional configuration, using off-the-shelf peer-to-peer network operating systems, as illustrated in Figure 3-1. Figure 3-1 Peer-to-Peer Group The ORiNOCO ComboCard can communicate with either an 802.11a or an 802.11b Peer-to-Peer Group (but it can not dynamically switch between the two). Therefore, you must manually configure the card to use one radio mode or the other. Follow these steps to configure the card as a member of a Peer-to-Peer Group:
1. Launch the ORiNOCO Utility and select the Configuration tab. 127(127(127(127(
You may want to create a new Profile before continuing. Profiles let you easily switch between pre-configured network so you can change the cards settings with a single mouse click. See Profiles on page 39 for more information. 2. Select the Basic tab on the left-hand side of the screen (if necessary). 3. Set Network Type to Peer-to-Peer Group. 16 Wireless Topologies 4. Select a Mode. The card does not support the Auto option when Network Type is set to Peer-to-Peer Group.
If you want the card to join an 802.11a Peer-to-Peer Group, select 802.11a. If you want the card to join an 802.11b Peer-to-Peer Group, select 802.11b. If you want the card to join an 802.11a 2X Peer-to-Peer Group, select 802.11a 2X Mode. 127(127(127(127(
ORiNOCO ComboCards sold in Europe do not support Peer-to-Peer Groups when in 802.11a or 802.11a 2X mode. 5. Set the cards Network Name to match the Network Name used by the Peer-to-Peer Group (or assign it a new Network Name if this is the first member of a Peer-to-Peer Group). 6. Select the Advanced tab. 7. Select the Channel used by the Peer-to-Peer Group or set Channel to Automatic to let the card search for available groups that use the same Network Name. 8. Click Save and Yes (when prompted) to save these settings to your current profile. 9. Click the Security tab and configure the Security settings, if necessary (see Security on page 27 for details). 10. Click OK to close the utility. 127(127(127(127(
See Configuration Utility on page 20 for additional information on these parameters. Access Point Infrastructure Many companies have an existing Ethernet or wired LAN infrastructure and want to be able to extend that capability to wireless nodes. This is accomplished by installing one or more Access Points on the Ethernet network. Access Points are devices that communicate with both the Ethernet network and the wireless network. You can use the ORiNOCO ComboCard to communicate with 802.11a Access Points, 802.11b Access Points, or a combination of both. The card is compatible with 802.11a or 802.11b Access Points from any vendor, including Proxims ORiNOCO and Harmony Access Point products. Connecting to a Single AP Figure 3-2 depicts an ORiNOCO network that uses a single Access Point (AP); in this example, the Access Point is an ORiNOCO AP-2000 (with an ORiNOCO Gold 802.11b PC Card installed). Figure 3-2 Communicating with a Single 802.11b Access Point 17 Wireless Topologies Roaming Between Multiple APs For larger environments, the ORiNOCO ComboCard may roam from one Access Point to another while maintaining the same network connection. The Access Points establish coverage areas or cells similar in concept to those of a cellular phone network. The card will connect to any Access Point that is within range. The ORiNOCO ComboCard supports roaming between APs of the same type (for example, from one 802.11a AP to another) or roaming between APs of different types (from an 802.11a AP to an 802.11b AP). Figure 3-3 illustrates roaming between APs of the same radio type (in this case, AP-2000s with 802.11a 5 GHz upgrade kits installed). Figure 3-3 Roaming Between APs of the Same Radio Type Figure 3-4 illustrates roaming between APs of different radio types:
Figure 3-4 Roaming Between APs of Different Radio Types 18 Wireless Topologies In either case, each Access Point within a roaming network must have a unique, independent Channel, but all must have the same Network Name and security settings. Mobile clients equipped with an ORiNOCO ComboCard have Network Type set to Access Point and have the same Network Name and security settings as the Access Points. Alternatively, the mobile clients Network Name may be any; this setting lets the client associate with any available Access Point, regardless of the Access Points Network Name (this assumes that the AP is not a closed system; see Network Name on page 26 for more information). As the mobile client seamlessly switches from cell to cell, its network connectivity is preserved. The user can move freely between the Access Points in the network. When the roaming client leaves the transmission range of one Access Point, the card automatically detects the other Access Point(s) in the same vicinity to continue the network connection. The ORiNOCO ComboCard also includes a Roaming parameter that lets you adjust the speed at which the card roams to new Access Points. See Roaming on page 26 for details. Guidelines for Roaming
An ORiNOCO 802.11a/b ComboCard can roam between multiple 802.11a Access Points, multiple 802.11b Access Points, or between both 802.11a and 802.11b Access Points. To support roaming between 802.11a and 802.11b Access Points, the cards Mode must be set to Auto. Standard 802.11a clients can only roam between 802.11a Access Points. Standard 802.11b clients can only roam between 802.11b Access Points. All 802.11a and/or 802.11b Access Points that a client will roam between must have the same Network Name. All workstations with ORiNOCO ComboCards installed must use either a Network Name of any or the same Network Name as the Access Points that they will roam between (this assumes that the AP is not a closed system;
see Network Name on page 26 for more information). All Access Points and ORiNOCO ComboCards must have the same security settings to communicate. The Access Points cells must overlap to ensure that there are no gaps in coverage and to ensure that the roaming client will always have a connection available. Access Points of the same type (802.11a or 802.11b) installed in the same vicinity should each use a unique, independent Channel to avoid potential interference. Access Points that use the same Channel should be installed as far away from each other as possible to reduce potential interference. 19 Configuration Utility In This Chapter 4 Proxim provides a software utility that simplifies the management and configuration of an ORiNOCO ComboCard. Installation, beginning on page 7, describes how to install the utility. This chapter describes how to use the ORiNOCO Utility after it has been installed.
Status Monitor Icon
Configuration Utility
Basic Security Advanced Profiles Association Information Configuration
Statistics Site Monitor
Version Information Snoop Tool Packet Transmission Success Rate Status Monitor Icon After you have installed the utility, the Status Monitor icon will appear in the Windows Taskbar. By default, the cards Network Type is set to Access Point, and the icon appears as an Access Point with two antennas. If the card cannot locate an 802.11a or 802.11b Access Point (AP) (either because the radio settings do not match or the other devices are out of range), the icon will appear as follows:
Figure 4-1 Status Monitor Icon: No Connection When the card is associated with an 802.11a Access Point, the icon is labeled a. When the card is associated with an 802.11a Access Point in 2X mode, the icon is labeled 2X. When the card is associated with an 802.11b Access Point, the icon is labeled b. Each of these icons is shown in Figure 4-2. 802.11a 2X 802.11a 802.11b Figure 4-2 Status Monitor Icon: When Associated with an AP 20 Placing the mouse cursor over the Status Monitor icon provides additional information about the cards wireless connection, as shown in Figure 4-3. The icon displays the physical address of the AP with which the card is associated, the cards Network Type, and its current Security setting. Configuration Utility Figure 4-3 Status Monitor Icon: Association Information When Network Type is set to Peer-to-Peer Group, the icon appears as a small computer. As shown in Figure 4-4, the icon uses the same lettering convention to denote its Mode (a, b, 2x) as when Network Type is set to Access Point. Figure 4-4 Status Monitor Icon: When Operating in 802.11a Peer-to-Peer Group Mode 127(127(127(127(
When the ORiNOCO Utility is running, the icon appears as a blue and gold X. Right-click the icon to view additional Status Monitor options (as shown in Figure 4-5):
Figure 4-5 Status Monitor Icon: Right-click Menu
Select Run 802.11a/b Configuration Utility from the drop-down menu to launch the ORiNOCO Utility. Double-clicking the icon also launches the utility. Select Disable Device Radio to turn off the cards radio. You should disable the radio if you intend to use a laptop equipped with the ORiNOCO ComboCard on an airplane. A check mark appears next to this option when the radio is disabled. Select this option again to enable a disabled radio. When the radio is disabled, the ORiNOCO Status Monitor icon is a blue and gold X with a red line though it, as shown in Figure 4-6. Figure 4-6 Status Monitor Icon: Device Radio Disabled
Select Switch to Profile and choose one of the profiles from the drop-down list to change the cards configuration settings. See Profiles on page 39 for more information. Select Remove Status Monitor From Task Bar to close the Status Monitor. 21 Configuration Utility Configuration Utility The ORiNOCO Utility includes several tools for diagnostic and configuration purposes. This section describes all of the utilitys features and configuration options. For additional information about the ORiNOCO Utility, click Help on any screen to view on-line Help documentation. Association Information The Association Information screen, shown in Figure 4-7, displays information about the cards connection with a wireless network. Figure 4-7 Association Information Screen The Association Information screen reports the following statistics:
Mode: This field reports whether the card is in 802.11a, 802.11b, or 802.11a 2X mode. Also, this field reports Disabled if the card's radio has been turned off (by right-clicking the Status Monitor icon and choosing Disable Device Radio).
Association State: This field reports if the card is communicating with an Access Point (AP) or Peer-to-Peer Group. When communicating with an AP, this field reports ASSOCIATED AP and displays the APs physical address. This field reports JOINED AP if the card has found an AP but cannot associate with it because the cards security settings do not match the APs security settings. When the card is a member of a Peer-to-Peer Group, this field displays JOINED PEER-TO-PEER GROUP. If no AP or Peer-to-Peer Group is found, this field displays NOT JOINED.
Network Name: This field reports the cards current Network Name (also known as the SSID).
Channel (Freq): This field displays the current Channel and center frequency that the card is using. 22 Configuration Utility
Security: Reports the type of security that the card is using. Options include No Security enabled, 802.1x Security, Using Encryption for security, and HKM. If using Harmony Key Management (HKM), this field also reports the connection status: Not Authenticated, User Not Logged In, User Associated, and User is using Unique Encryption Key (with time of login). For Windows XP users using the Windows XP Networking Tool, this field reports: Using Windows wireless configuration settings. See Note to Windows XP Users (below) for more information. Signal Strength: The Signal bar displays the signal strength for the last packet received by the card. Signal strength is reported in decibels (dB). The color-coded chart below the Signal bar indicates the relative strength of the signal: a signal in the red or orange section indicates a weak connection; a signal in the yellow or light green section indicates a good connection; a signal in the darker green section indicates an excellent connection. Instantaneous Packets/Sec Sent: This statistic displays the current rate at which the card is transmitting packets to another 802.11a or 802.11b device. This information is represented as the number of packets sent per second by the card and is plotted on the graph located below the Packets/sec field. Note that this statistic will remain zero unless the card is transmitting data to another device.
Average Packets/Sec Sent: This statistic displays the average of the Instantaneous Packets/Sec Sent data points
displayed in the bar graph. Instantaneous Packets/Sec Received: This statistic displays the current rate at which the card is receiving packets from another 802.11a or 802.11b device. This information is represented as the number of packets received per second and is plotted on the graph located below the Packets/sec field. Note that this statistic will remain zero unless the card is receiving data from another device.
Average Packets/Sec Received: This statistic displays the average of the Instantaneous Packets/Sec Received data points displayed in the bar graph. Configuration Click the Configuration tab to view the Station Configuration screen. This screen contains three configuration tabs: Basic, Security, and Advanced. In addition, you can also create, edit, and switch between user profiles from this screen.
For information on the Basic configuration parameters, see Basic on page 24. For information on the Security configuration parameters, see Security on page 27. For information on the Advanced configuration parameters, see Advanced on page 36. For information on how to setup and switch between user profiles, see Profiles on page 39. All of these parameters apply to the card regardless of whether it is in 802.11a/802.11a 2X mode or 802.11b mode, unless otherwise stated. After you have made one or more changes to the configuration settings, click Save. You will then be prompted to confirm that these changes will be saved to your current Profile. Click Yes to save the changes, click No to revert to the current settings, or click Cancel to return to the configuration screen (without saving the changes). Note that you may be prompted to rename the current profile if you are attempting to change the Default Profile. See Edit a Profile on page 42 for more information. Note to Windows XP Users Windows XP includes its own configuration tool for wireless networks. This tool supports most of the configuration options that are found within the ORiNOCO Utility, and it provides an interface to configure 802.1x settings. Following the installation of an ORiNOCO ComboCard, the ORiNOCO Utility is enabled by default. This means that you use the ORiNOCO Utility to configure the card and not the Windows XP tool. If you want to use Windows XPs wireless network tool instead of the ORiNOCO Utility, then you need to disable the ORiNOCO Utility. Disabling the ORiNOCO Utility automatically activates the Windows XP tool. Follow these steps to disable the ORiNOCO Utility and enable the Windows XP tool:
1. Double-click the Status Monitor icon to launch the ORiNOCO Utility. 2. Click the Configuration tab. 3. Remove the check mark from the box labeled Enable ORiNOCO Configuration to disable the utility. (This option is only visible on Windows XP computers.) 4. Click Save to save the change. 127(127(127(127(
When the Enable ORiNOCO Configuration option is disabled, the Snoop Tool, the Packet Transmission Success Rate test, and the configuration parameters (including Profiles) are unavailable, as shown in Figure 4-8. 23 Configuration Utility 5. Click OK to close the utility. 6. You can now use the Windows XP tool to configure the card. Double-click the Windows XP Networking icon in the Windows Taskbar to view the configuration options. See Using 802.1x with Windows XP on page 31 for sample screens. 127(127(127(127(
If the ORiNOCO Utility is disabled and you want to enable it, place a check mark in the Enable ORiNOCO Configuration box and click Save to activate the ORiNOCO Utility. Figure 4-8 Station Configuration Screen: ORiNOCO Configuration Disabled Basic The Basic configuration screen is shown in Figure 4-9. You can configure the following parameters:
Network Type Network Type configures an ORiNOCO ComboCard to communicate with an Access Point infrastructure or a Peer-to-Peer Group (also know as an Ad Hoc network). When set to Access Point, the ORiNOCO ComboCard must have the same Network Name (unless set to any, see Network Name on page 26 for more information) and security settings as the Access Points on the network to communicate. By default, Network Type is set to Access Point. 24 Configuration Utility Figure 4-9 Basic Configuration Screen When set to Peer-to-Peer Group, all 802.11a or 802.11b devices must have the same Network Name, Channel, and Encryption Keys (if Encryption is enabled) to communicate. A Peer-to-Peer Group is a wireless network that consists of only wireless client adapters (that is, a network that does not have an Access Point). If you set Network Type to Peer-to-Peer Group, then you must also select a Mode (802.11a, 802.11b, or 802.11a 2X mode). The card cannot operate in Auto mode when set to Peer-to-Peer Group. See Peer-to-Peer Group on page 16 for additional information. 127(127(127(127(
ORiNOCO ComboCards sold in Europe do not support Peer-to-Peer Groups when in 802.11a or 802.11a 2X mode. Mode Mode configures the ORiNOCO 802.11a/b ComboCard to operate in 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11a 2X, or Auto mode.
In 802.11a mode, the card complies with the IEEE 802.11a standard and provides data rates of up to 54 Mbps. In 802.11b mode, the card complies with the IEEE 802.11b standard and provides data rates of up to 11 Mbps. In 802.11a 2X mode, the card provides data rates of up to 108 Mbps. 2X mode employs the same operating theory as 802.11a but uses twice the bandwidth to provide twice the data rate. Note the following:
2X mode is not available in all countries. 2X mode is not part of the IEEE 802.11a standard. Other products, such as the ORiNOCO AP-2000, refer to 2X mode as Turbo mode. 25 Configuration Utility
In Auto mode, the card can automatically switch between the other three modes (802.11a, 802.11b, and 802.11a 2X mode) based on the signals it receives from Access Points in its vicinity. If you set the card to Auto, you should also configure Auto Mode Preference. Note that if you want the card to join a Peer-to-Peer Group, you cannot use Auto mode. You must select 802.11a, 802.11b, or 802.11a 2X mode. Auto Mode Preference If you set Mode to Auto, you should also configure Auto Mode Preference. This parameter determines which type of network the card will associate with if multiple networks are detected.
When set to Best Signal (the default setting), the card will associate with the Access Point that provides the strongest signal, regardless of whether the AP is using 802.11a, 802.11b, or 802.11a 2X mode.
When set to 802.11a, the card will associate with an 802.11a or 802.11a Access Point in 2X mode over an 802.11b Access Point (if multiple Access Points are detected).
When set to 802.11b, the card will associate with an 802.11b Access Point over an 802.11a or 802.11a Access Point in 2X mode (if multiple Access Points are detected). 127(127(127(127(
For best performance, Proxim recommends that you set Auto Mode Preference to Best Signal (if Mode is set to Auto). Power Management The ORiNOCO ComboCard supports optional power management to conserve battery life. When Power Management is set to Normal or Maximum, the card enters a doze mode where it becomes inactive and only wakes up periodically to receive control messages from the Access Point. The card wakes up more often in Normal mode than in Maximum mode so a card in Normal mode will respond sooner to network requests than a node in Maximum mode. However, Maximum mode draws less power than Normal mode. When an Access Point receives a packet destined for a dozing client, it buffers the packet and includes a notification within its control message to alert the client that a packet is waiting for it. Once the card receives the control message, the card polls the Access Point to request that the buffered packet be sent to it. When set to Off (the default setting), the card does not use Power Management. Roaming The Roaming parameter allows you to determine how quickly the ORiNOCO ComboCard will try to roam from one Access Point to another in order to maintain a strong wireless connection. In areas with many Access Points that provide heavy overlapping coverage, set this parameter to Fast to maintain high throughput for the card. The card will begin looking for a new Access Point with a stronger signal once the signal from its current Access Point weakens. In most networks, set Roaming to Normal (the default setting). Wireless throughput will not change noticeably, and an overabundance of Access Points is not required. When compared to a card set to Fast, a card set to Normal has a higher roaming threshold so it will wait for an Access Points signal to grow weaker before roaming to another Access Point. If the coverage area provided by Access Points is sparse, set Roaming to Slow. The card will not roam until it is nearly out of range of the Access Point with which it is associated. Network Name The Network Name is a text string that all members of the same 802.11 network share. It is sometimes referred to as the SSID (Service Set ID) or ESSID (Extended Service Set ID). Devices that do not share the same Network Name cannot communicate. The Network Name may be up to 32 alphanumeric characters long, including spaces. When configured to any (the default setting), an ORiNOCO ComboCard can communicate with any available Access Point regardless of the Access Points Network Name. Note that this assumes that the AP does not have the closed system feature enabled. If an Access Point is a closed system, the cards Network Name must match the APs Network Name exactly. The card cannot use the any Network Name. (Not all Access Points support the closed system feature; refer to your APs user guide for more information.) In an infrastructure network with multiple Access Points, the Network Name must match on all Access Points and clients (unless a clients Network Name is any and the APs are not closed systems). In a Peer-to-Peer Group without an Access Point, each 802.11 device must have the same Network Name to participate in the network. A node cannot use the any Network Name to join a Peer-to-Peer Group. 26 Configuration Utility Security The ORiNOCO ComboCard offers up to four security options:
No Security
WEP Encryption (see page 28) 802.1x Security (see page 31)
Harmony Key Management (HKM) (see page 33)
An ORiNOCO ComboCard communicating with an Access Point supports WEP Encryption, 802.1x Security, and Harmony Key Management; a card in a Peer-to-Peer Group supports WEP Encryption only (802.1x Security and Harmony Key Management require an Access Point). 127(127(127(127(
Harmony Key Management is available with the Gold ORiNOCO ComboCard (Model 8460) only. This security feature is not available with the Silver ORiNOCO ComboCard (Model 8461). The Security configuration screen is shown in Figure 4-10. Figure 4-10 Security Configuration Screen 27 Configuration Utility Encryption (WEP) The IEEE 802.11 standards specify an optional encryption feature, known as Wired Equivalent Privacy or WEP, that is designed to provide a wireless LAN with a security level equal to what is found on a wired Ethernet network. WEP encrypts the data portion of each packet exchanged on an 802.11 network using a 64-bit, 128-bit, or 152-bit Encryption Key (also known as a WEP Key). When Encryption is enabled, two 802.11 devices must have the same Encryption Keys and both devices must be configured to use Encryption in order to communicate. If one device is configured to use Encryption but a second device is not, then the two devices will not communicate, even if both devices have the same Encryption Keys. In addition, the 802.11 standards define two authentication mechanisms: Open System Authentication and Shared Key Authentication. Open System Authentication allows a client to join the network if it has the correct Network Name (or its Network Name is set to any, if not a closed system). Shared Key Authentication requires that a client demonstrate knowledge of the networks Encryption Key before being allowed to associate with an Access Point. In theory, Shared Key Authentication should prevent unauthorized devices from associating with the 802.11 network. The ORiNOCO ComboCard supports both Open System Authentication and Shared Key Authentication. However, the card will use Shared Key Authentication only if the Access Point it is trying to associate with has this feature enabled. 127(127(127(127(
Recent studies have shown that WEP Encryption as currently implemented in the 802.11 standards may not be as secure as originally intended. If you are concerned about the security of your wireless network, you should consider implementing other security measures, such as 802.1x (see 802.1x on page 31) or Harmony Key Management (see Harmony Key Management on page 33), to safeguard your network traffic. Encryption Keys The ORiNOCO ComboCard supports WEP encryption using 64-bit, 128-bit, or 152-bit Encryption Keys. You can configure up to four Encryption Keys (all four Keys must have the same Key Size). The card can decrypt information that was encrypted with any of its four Encryption Keys, but it will only use the Default Key to encrypt outgoing information. An Encryption Key is composed of the secret key (entered by the user) and a 24-bit Initialization Vector (IV). Some products report the Encryption Key Size with the IV and some report the Key Size without the IV. Therefore, two terms are used interchangeably within the wireless LAN industry to describe the same Key Size: 64-bit encryption is also referred to as 40-bit encryption, 128-bit encryption is also referred to as 104-bit encryption, and 152-bit encryption is also referred to as 128-bit encryption. 127(127(127(127(
The ORiNOCO 802.11a/b ComboCard includes the IV when displaying Key Size options. For Windows XP users, Microsofts Wireless Networks tool reports the Key Size without the IV (as 40 or 104 bit encryption). For 64-bit encryption, an Encryption Key is 5 ASCII characters (A-F, a-f, and 0-9) or 10 hexadecimal digits (0-9 and A-F); for 128-bit encryption, an Encryption Key is 13 ASCII characters or 26 hexadecimal digits; and for 152-bit encryption, an Encryption Key is 16 ASCII characters or 32 hexadecimal digits. The following table summarizes the Key Sizes, the names used to refer to them, and the number of digits each supports:
Key Size reported in ORiNOCO Utility (With IV) Key Size Without IV Number of ASCII characters for Key Size Number of Hex digits for Key Size 64 bit 128 bit 152 bit 40 bit 104 bit 128 bit 5 13 16 10 26 32 Comment Encryption Stronger encryption Strongest encryption Enabling Encryption Follow these steps to enable WEP Encryption:
1. Open the ORiNOCO Utility and click the Configuration tab. 2. Click the Security sub-tab. 3. Select Use Encryption from the Security Level box. 4. Click Configure Encryption Keys. 5. Select a Key Size from the drop-down menu (64 bit, 128 bit, or 152 bit). 28 Configuration Utility 127(127(127(127(
All 802.11 devices need to use the same Key Size. Not all 802.11 products support all three Key Sizes. Check the documentation that came with your other 802.11 equipment to determine what Key Sizes they support. 6. Select a Key Format from the drop-down menu (Hexadecimal or ASCII). 7. Enter one to four Encryption Keys in the fields provided, as shown in Figure 4-11. Enter hexadecimal digits or ASCII characters depending on the Key Format you selected. For 64-bit encryption, enter 10 digits for each Key. For 128-bit encryption, enter 26 digits for each Key. For 152-bit encryption, enter 32 digits for each Key. To enter an Encryption Key in hexadecimal format, enter the appropriate number of digits for the specified Key Size, using only 0 through 9 and A through F.
To enter an Encryption Key in ASCII format, enter the appropriate number of characters for the specified Key Size. ASCII characters include all letters of the alphabet (upper and lower cases) and numbers (0 through 9).
For 64-bit encryption, enter 5 characters for each Key. For 128-bit encryption, enter 13 characters for each Key. For 152-bit encryption, enter 16 characters for each Key. 127(127(127(127(
When WEP Encryption is enabled, Proxim recommends that you configure all 802.11 devices on the wireless network with the same Encryption Keys in the same order (but the devices do not need to use the same default Key). Figure 4-11 Encryption Keys Configuration Screen 127(127(127(127(
If you created a text file that contains the Encryption Keys in hexadecimal format, click Read Keys to upload those Keys to the card. See Read Key File Format on page 30 for formatting information. 8. Click OK to save the Encryption Keys. 9. Select one of the Keys you configured as the Default Key. In Figure 4-12, the Default Key is Key 3. 10. Click Save and Yes (when prompted) to save the new Encryption settings to your current profile. 11. If you need to change an Encryption Key at a later date, click Configure Encryption Keys and enter one to four new Keys. Note that any Keys you entered previously will not be visible (stars appear in place of the digits). 29 Configuration Utility Figure 4-12 Security Configuration Screen: Encryption Enabled Read Key File Format If you have multiple clients to configure, you can avoid having to enter each Encryption Key manually by creating a text file that contains the Keys. Once you have the text file, you can upload the Keys to a client by clicking the Read Keys button found on the Encryption Keys Configuration screen. To create the text file, use a text program such as Microsoft Notepad or WordPad. The text file should have a .txt extension. The first line of the text file must read [WEP_KEY_VALUE]. Then, enter one to four Keys in the following format: key#=<key value>, where # indicates the Key number (1-4) and <key value> is the specified Keys hexadecimal digits. Each Key must be contain hexadecimal digits only (0-9 and A-F), and you must use the same number of digits for each Key. The number of digits depends upon the Key Size you select in the Encryption Keys Configuration screen:
For 64 bit, use 10 hexadecimal digits per Key. For 128 bit, use 26 hexadecimal digits per Key. For 152 bit, use 32 hexadecimal digits per Key. 127(127(127(127(
The Read Keys feature does not support ASCII characters. You must use hexadecimal digits with this feature. The following example illustrates the Encryption Key file format for 64-bit encryption:
[WEP_KEY_VALUE]
key1=1234567890 key2=0987654321 key3=ABCDEF1234 key4=ABCDEFABCD 30 Configuration Utility 802.1x 802.1x is an IEEE security standard for authenticating users on local area networks based on the Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP). For more information on this standard, refer to the IEEE Web site at http://www.ieee.org/. On a wireless LAN with 802.1x enabled, an Access Point acts as an intermediary between wireless clients and the networks RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service) server. The Access Point blocks all traffic from a wireless client until after the user has been authenticated by the RADIUS server. The wireless client and the RADIUS server use EAP to communicate. EAP is a flexible protocol which does not specify an authentication type. The available authentication types will vary based upon your RADIUS server and your client software; many EAP types offer advanced features such as mutual authentication between client and server and data encryption. For data encryption, a unique Encryption Key is generated for each user following authentication. This Encryption Key is used to encrypt packets between the Access Point and wireless client. Refer to your Access Points user guide for more information on 802.1x requirements and to determine what model RADIUS servers and EAP types it supports. To enable 802.1x support and configure 802.1x settings (like EAP authentication type), in addition to an ORiNOCO ComboCard installed in a computer that has the ORiNOCO Utility loaded, you also need a client utility provided by a RADIUS server manufacturer, like Microsoft or Funk Software. Refer to Microsofts
(http://www.microsoft.com/) and Funk Softwares (http://www.funk.com/) Web sites or the documentation that came with your 802.1x solution for details. The exact procedure for setting up 802.1x will vary depending on which 802.1x client utility you are using, but here are the steps to enable 802.1x support:
1. Open the ORiNOCO Utility and click the Configuration tab. 2. Click the Security sub-tab. 3. Set Security Level to Use 802.1x Security. This setting disables WEP encryption and Harmony Key Management so the card can accept dynamic Encryption Keys following after successful 802.1x authentication. 4. Click Save and Yes (when prompted) to save the new security settings to your current profile. 5. Click OK when prompted that 802.1x security settings must be configured manually using an 802.1x utility. 6. Launch the 802.1x utility provided by your RADIUS servers manufacturer and configure the cards 802.1x settings. Using 802.1x with Windows XP Microsoft provides 802.1x support for Windows XP users as part of the operating system. (As of the release of this users guide, Microsoft has not yet released 802.1x support for other Windows operating systems.) Follow these steps to enable 802.1x on a Windows XP computer:
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The instructions and figures below document the configuration of a computer running Windows XP Professional. The instructions and/or figures may differ for users running Windows XP Service Pack 1 (SP 1) or Windows XP Home. 1. Open the ORiNOCO Utility and click the Configuration tab. 2. Click the Security sub-tab. 3. Set Security Level to 802.1x Security. 4. Click Save and Yes (when prompted) to save the new security settings to your current profile. 5. Click OK when prompted that 802.1x security settings must be configured manually using an 802.1x utility. 6. Remove the check mark from the box labeled Enable ORiNOCO Configuration. This will enable the Windows XP Wireless Network tool. 7. Click Save and Yes (when prompted) to save the change. 8. Click OK to close the ORiNOCO Utility. 9. Click the networking icon in the Windows Taskbar (shown in Figure 4-13) to open Windows XPs built-in wireless network utility. WinXP Networking Icon Figure 4-13 Windows XP Networking Icon 10. Click Properties (if associated with an AP) or Advanced (if not associated). 31 Configuration Utility 11. Click the Authentication tab, as shown in Figure 4-14. 12. Configure the 802.1x settings. Contact your network administrator or refer to Windows XPs on-line Help if you need assistance configuring these settings. 127(127(127(127(
Depending on the networks EAP authentication type, your network administrator may need to provide you with a smart card or install a digital certificate on your computer. Figure 4-14 Windows XP Networking: Authentication Screen 13. Click the Wireless Networks tab. 14. Access the Wireless Network Properties for your network.
If your network is listed in Available networks, highlight it and click Configure. If your network is listed in Preferred networks, highlight it and click Properties. If your network is not listed, click Add and enter the Network Name. 15. Configure the networks Encryption settings. Note the following:
If your EAP type supports dynamic Encryption Keys, place a check mark next to the Data encryption (WEP enabled) and The key is provided for me automatically options (as shown in Figure 4-15). Windows XPs Wireless Network tool supports 64-bit or 128-bit encryption using ASCII characters
(5 characters for 64-bit or 13 characters for 128-bit encryption). Windows XPs Wireless Network tool does not include the Initialization Vector (IV) when reporting Key Sizes;
therefore, the tool reports the Key Size as 40-bit instead of 64-bit or 104-bit instead of 128-bit. See Encryption Keys on page 28 for more information. Windows XPs Wireless Network tool does not support 152-bit encryption. Windows XPs Wireless Network tool lets you configure only one Encryption Key. The Key index (advanced) parameter corresponds to setting the Default Key; select between 0 to 3 (which corresponds to Keys 1 to 4 in the ORiNOCO Utility). 16. Click OK twice to exit the networks properties window. 32 Configuration Utility Figure 4-15 Windows XP Networking: Properties Screen Harmony Key Management Harmony Key Management (HKM) is a protocol developed by Proxim that automates encryption security and assigns a unique and dynamic Encryption Key to each user. Harmony Key Management (which is also referred to as the Harmony Security Protocol) includes the following features:
Uses 152-bit WEP Encryption
Generates a unique Encryption Key for each user that is valid only for the current network session
Periodically renews the users Harmony session and assigns a new Encryption Key without requiring any end user interaction Incorporates the end users logon prompt into Microsoft Windows standard logon procedure on the client device
You need the following equipment to use Harmony Key Management:
A Gold ORiNOCO ComboCard (the Silver card does not support HKM) operating in 802.11a mode A Harmony 802.11a Access Point A Harmony Access Point (AP) Controller Each device plays a role in Harmony Key Management: the AP Controllers maintain a database of user names and passwords to authenticate users; the Access Points block all network traffic to or from a client until after the user has been successfully authenticated by the Harmony System; and the client card includes a software utility that incorporates the Harmony logon prompt into the standard Windows logon procedure. When Harmony Key Management is enabled on a Gold ORiNOCO ComboCard, the user is prompted to enter his or her Harmony User Name and Password during boot up, either immediately before or after the Windows logon prompt
(depending on the device configuration). Once the user has been authenticated by the Harmony System, the wireless client receives a unique 152-bit Encryption Key from the Harmony System, and the client can begin to exchange data with the Ethernet network. Refer to the Harmony Access Point Controller Users Guide for more information on Harmony Key Management. 33 Configuration Utility Harmony Key Management Guidelines
If you want to use Harmony Key Management on your network, you must enable the protocol on all of your networks Harmony Access Points and clients. At this time, Harmony Key Managements client application supports Windows 98 SE, ME, 2000 Professional, and XP. The protocol does not support Windows 2000 Server.
Harmony Key Management is not available for Silver ORiNOCO ComboCards.
A network administrator who manages the networks Harmony Access Point Controller(s) must assign each user a Harmony User Name and Password and enter this information into the Harmony Systems User Database. Refer to the Harmony Access Point Controller Users Guide for details. If you enable Harmony Key Management, you do not need to configure Encryption Keys on a wireless client (the Harmony System will generate keys for you).
Setting up Harmony Key Management Follow these steps to enable Harmony Key Management on a Gold ORiNOCO ComboCard that has Network Type set to Access Point and Mode set to Auto, 802.11a, or 802.11a 2X mode:
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Harmony Key Management is not available for Gold ORiNOCO ComboCards operating in 802.11b mode. 1. Select Use Harmony Key Management (HKM) within the Security Level box. 2. Place a check mark in the Log on to Harmony Security before Windows Logon box if you want to connect to the wireless network before logging on to the Windows operating system, as shown in Figure 4-16. Figure 4-16 Security Configuration Screen: HKM Enabled 34 Configuration Utility 127(127(127(127(
You should enable Log on to Harmony Security before Windows Logon if your computer connects to a Windows Domain Controller, connects to a Novell network, automatically reconnects to shared network drives during Windows logon, or runs networking software (e.g., PC Anywhere) before connecting to the network. 3. Click Save and Yes (when prompted) to save the new security settings to your current profile. 4. Restart the computer, if prompted. Otherwise, log out of your current Windows session. 5. Log on to Windows when prompted (if Log on to Harmony Security before Windows Logon is disabled). 6. The Harmony logon prompt will appear. Enter your Harmony User Name and Password in the fields provided. The Windows 98/ME logon prompt (with all options visible) is shown in Figure 4-17. 127(127(127(127(
The Harmony logon prompt will not appear if your Windows User Name and Password match your Harmony User Name and Password, you are within range of a properly configured Access Point, and the Log on to Harmony Security before Windows Logon option is disabled. 7. 8. If you are not in range of a Harmony 802.11a Access Point, place a check mark in the box labeled Defer logon for current session if Access Point is out of range. The Harmony software will store your User Name and Password and automatically initiate the logon procedure without any user intervention once the card has associated with an Access Point. If desired, click Change Password (Windows XP/2000 Professional) or Options... (Windows 98/ME) to modify your Harmony user account. The Windows 98/ME logon prompt is shown below in Figure 4-17. Figure 4-17 Harmony Logon Screen for Windows 98/ME
Enter a new password twice in the fields provided to change your Harmony Password. The Password can be up to 32 characters and is case sensitive. To reset your Harmony Password to match your Windows Password, check the box labeled Synchronize Password with Windows Logon. You should only choose this option if Log on to Harmony Security before Windows Logon is disabled. 9. Click Logon to log on to the Harmony System. 10. Log on to Windows if prompted (if the Log on to Harmony Security before Windows Logon option is enabled). See Common Technical Support Questions on page 53 for troubleshooting suggestions if you have difficulty logging onto the network. 35 Configuration Utility Advanced The Advanced configuration screen is shown in Figure 4-18. You can configure the following parameters:
Channel In a wireless network, the Channel specifies the range of frequencies that the network members use to communicate. 802.11a and 802.11b devices both communicate by spreading a radio signal over a range of frequencies, but they operate at different frequencies and employ different communication techniques. 802.11a devices operate in the 5 GHz band; 802.11b devices operate in the 2.4 GHz band. When the cards Network Type is set to Access Point, it automatically receives a Channel assignment from its Access Point (the AP can be using 802.11a, 802.11b, or 802.11a 2X mode). Therefore, Channel is not a configurable parameter when Network Type is set to Access Point. When the cards Network Type is set to Peer-to-Peer Group, you can set the Channel the card will use or use the Automatic option. Figure 4-18 Advanced Configuration Screen Follow these steps to configure the Channel for a card set to Peer-to-Peer Group (cards sold in Europe do not support Peer-to-Peer Groups when in 802.11a or 802.11a 2X mode):
1. Click the Advanced configuration tab within the ORiNOCO Utility. 36 Configuration Utility 2. Do one of the following:
Select a Channel number from the Channel drop-down menu. This should be the same Channel that the other Peer-to-Peer stations are using. If the card cannot locate a Peer-to-Peer Group on the specified Channel, it will start its own group. Select Automatic from the Channel drop-down menu to let the card search the available Channels for an existing Peer-to-Peer Group. If the card cannot locate a Peer-to-Peer Group, it will form its own group using the first available Channel. 3. Click Save and Yes (when prompted) to save the new Channel setting to your current profile. 127(127(127(127(
If you wish to install multiple Peer-to-Peer Groups in the same vicinity, configure each network with a unique Channel to avoid interference between networks. Keep in mind that each Channel in 802.11a 2X mode overlaps multiple 802.11a Channels. For example, Channel 50 for 802.11a 2X devices overlaps portions of Channels 42, 48, 52, and 56 for 802.11a devices. The list of available Channels varies depending on the cards operating mode (802.11a, 802.11a 2X mode, or 802.11b). See Warranty and Regulatory Information on page 59 for a list of countries in which the ORiNOCO ComboCard has been certified. The model number suffix, found on the product label, identifies the type of card that you have. For example, an 8460-05 is a Gold ORiNOCO ComboCard sold in the United States or Canada. The available card types are identified below. 802.11a The IEEE 802.11a specification allocates the available frequencies in the 5 GHz band into a series of operating Channels that are identified by a Channel number and a center carrier frequency. The number of available Channels varies by region based on local regulatory rules. For United States and Canada (-05 suffix): The ORiNOCO ComboCard can use one of thirteen Channels: Channel 36 (5.180 GHz), Channel 40 (5.200 GHz), Channel 44 (5.220 GHz), Channel 48 (5.240 GHz), Channel 52 (5.260 GHz), Channel 56 (5.280 GHz), Channel 60 (5.300 GHz), Channel 64 (5.320 GHz), Channel 149 (5.745 GHz), Channel 153 (5.765 GHz), Channel 157 (5.785 GHz), Channel 161 (5.805 GHz), or Channel 165 (5.825 GHz). 127(127(127(127(
See Radio Frequency Interference Requirements on page 7 for important regulatory information concerning Channel selection. Some of the Channels listed above may not be available on your other 802.11a products. For Europe: Some European countries, such as France, allow 802.11a device to operate only in the 5.15-5.25 GHz frequency band; other countries, such as the U.K. and Germany, allow 802.11a devices to operate in the 5.15-5.35 GHz band. Therefore, there are two versions of the ORiNOCO ComboCard in Europe (availability varies by country; to determine which version you have, see Product Approvals on page 62 and check the model number suffix, found on the product label):
5.15-5.25 GHz ORiNOCO ComboCard (-02 suffix): The card can use one of four Channels as assigned by its Access Point: Channel 36 (5.180 GHz), Channel 40 (5.200 GHz), Channel 44 (5.220 GHz), or Channel 48
(5.240 GHz). 5.15-5.35 GHz ORiNOCO ComboCard (-03 suffix): The card can use one of eight Channels as assigned by its Access Point: Channel 36 (5.180 GHz), Channel 40 (5.200 GHz), Channel 44 (5.220 GHz), Channel 48
(5.240 GHz), Channel 52 (5.260 GHz), Channel 56 (5.280 GHz), Channel 60 (5.300 GHz), or Channel 64
(5.320 GHz). 127(127(127(127(
ORiNOCO ComboCards sold in Europe do not support Peer-to-Peer Groups when in 802.11a mode. An ORiNOCO ComboCard in Europe always receives its Channel assignment from its Access Point. For Japan (-JP or -J1 suffix): The ORiNOCO ComboCard can use one of four Channels: Channel 34 (5.170 GHz), Channel 38 (5.190 GHz), Channel 42 (5.210 GHz), or Channel 46 (5.230 GHz). For Singapore (-SG suffix): The ORiNOCO ComboCard can use one of nine Channels: Channel 36 (5.180 GHz), Channel 40 (5.200 GHz), Channel 44 (5.220 GHz), Channel 48 (5.240 GHz), Channel 149 (5.745 GHz), Channel 153
(5.765 GHz), Channel 157 (5.785 GHz), Channel 161 (5.805 GHz), or Channel 165 (5.825 GHz). 127(127(127(127(
For Singapore, some of the Channels listed above may not be available on your other 802.11a products. 37 Configuration Utility 802.11a 2X Mode As of the release of this users guide, 802.11a 2X mode is not available in Europe or Japan. An 802.11a 2X Channel uses twice the bandwidth of an 802.11a Channel to provide twice the data rate. For United States and Canada (-05 suffix): The ORiNOCO ComboCard can use one of five Channels: Channel 42
(5.210 GHz), Channel 50 (5.250 GHz), Channel 58 (5.290 GHz), Channel 152 (5.760 GHz), or Channel 160 (5.800 GHz). For Singapore (-SG suffix): The ORiNOCO ComboCard can use one of three Channels: Channel 42 (5.210 GHz), Channel 152 (5.760 GHz), or Channel 160 (5.800 GHz). 127(127(127(127(
For the U.S., Canada, and Singapore, some of the Channels listed above may not be available on your other 802.11a products. 802.11b The IEEE 802.11b specification allocates the 2.4 GHz frequency band into 14 overlapping operating Channels. Each Channel corresponds to a different set of frequencies; the center frequency for each of the 14 Channels is shown in the table below. Two 802.11b Channels must be separated by 25 MHz to be independent of each other (that is, to not overlap). For example, in the U.S., Channels 1, 6, and 11 are independent and do not overlap with each other. Channel Center Frequency Channel Channel Frequency Channel Center Frequency 1 2 3 4 5 2.412 GHz 2.417 GHz 2.422 GHz 2.427 GHz 2.432 GHz 6 7 8 9 10 2.437 GHz 2.442 GHz 2.447 GHz 2.452 GHz 2.457 GHz 11 12 13 14 2.462 GHz 2.467 GHz 2.472 GHz 2.484 GHz The number of available Channels varies by region. For United States and Canada (-05 suffix): The ORiNOCO ComboCard can use Channels 1 through 11. For Europe (except France) and Singapore (-02, -03, or -SG suffix): The ORiNOCO ComboCard can use Channels 1 through 13. For France (-02 suffix): The ORiNOCO ComboCard can use Channels 10 through 13. For Japan (-JP or -J1 suffix): The ORiNOCO ComboCard can use Channels 1 through 14. Note that Channel 14 is only available when the cards Transmit Rate is set to 1 or 2 Mbps. Transmit Rate The Transmit Rate specifies the data rate at which the ORiNOCO ComboCard transmits packets. The ORiNOCO ComboCard supports a number of data rates that correspond to different transmission techniques. For wireless devices, there is a trade-off between range and data rate. Transmission techniques that provide high data rates operate over short distances; techniques that provide slower data rates operate over greater distances. By default, the ORiNOCO ComboCard operates in Automatic mode; as it travels away from an Access Point or from the members of a Peer-to-Peer Group, the data rate automatically decreases in order to maintain a usable radio connection. For example, a client in 802.11b mode that is close to an Access Point may operate at 11 Mbps, but a second 802.11b client that is far away from the same Access Point may operate at 1 Mbps. However, you can also manually configure a Transmit Rate to force the card to transmit at a specific rate. 127(127(127(127(
Forcing the card to operate at only a high data rate will reduce the range of the product. There are two Transmit Rate fields: one under the 802.11a heading and one under the 802.11b heading. The 802.11a value applies when the card is in 802.11a or 802.11a 2X mode; the 802.11b value applies when the card is in 802.11b mode. 802.11a The IEEE 802.11a specification supports eight data rates: 54 Mbps, 48 Mbps, 36 Mbps, 24 Mbps, 18 Mbps, 12 Mbps, 9 Mbps, and 6 Mbps. 802.11a 2X mode supports eight data rates: 108 Mbps, 96 Mbps, 72 Mbps, 48 Mbps, 36 Mbps, 24 Mbps, 18 Mbps, and 12 Mbps. 38 Configuration Utility 802.11b The IEEE 802.11b specification supports four data rates: 11 Mbps, 5.5 Mbps, 2 Mbps, and 1 Mbps. RTS/CTS The 802.11 standard supports optional RTS/CTS communication based on packet size. Without RTS/CTS, a sending radio listens to see if another radio is already using the medium before transmitting a data packet. If the medium is free, the sending radio transmits its packets. However, there is no guarantee that another radio is not transmitting a packet at the same time, causing a collision. When RTS/CTS occurs, the sending radio first transmits a Request to Send (RTS) packet to confirm that the medium is clear. When the receiving radio successfully receives the RTS packet, it transmits back a Clear to Send (CTS) packet to the sending radio. When the sending radio receives the CTS packet, it sends the data packet to the receiving radio. The RTS and CTS packets contain a reservation time to notify other radios that the medium is in use for a specified period. This helps to minimize collisions. While RTS/CTS adds overhead to the radio network, it is particularly useful for large packets that take longer to resend after a collision occurs. There are two RTS/CTS fields: one under the 802.11a heading and one under the 802.11b heading. The 802.11a value applies when the card is in 802.11a or 802.11a 2X mode; the 802.11b value applies when the card is in 802.11b mode. For all modes, you can configure the ORiNOCO ComboCard to never use RTS/CTS (i.e., Disable RTS/CTS) or to use RTS/CTS for packets over a certain size. For example, if the RTS/CTS Threshold is set to 1000 bytes, then a sending radio will use RTS/CTS before transmitting any packet 1000 bytes or larger. The RTS/CTS Threshold supports a range between 256 and 2346 bytes. If set to 256, then a sending radio will use RTS/CTS before transmitting all packets 256 bytes or larger. If set to 2346, then a sending radio will use RTS/CTS before transmitting only those radio packets that are 2346 bytes or larger. Fragmentation The ORiNOCO ComboCard supports an optional feature called Fragmentation. In harsh radio environments, wireless devices may have difficulty transmitting large packets that exceed a certain size. However, when Fragmentation is enabled, a wireless device can break up large packets into a number of smaller packets (called fragments) that can be successfully transmitted to another wireless device. The receiving device then reassembles the original packet once it has received all of the fragments. There are two Fragmentation fields: one under the 802.11a heading and one under the 802.11b heading. The 802.11a value applies when the card is in 802.11a or 802.11a 2X mode; the 802.11b value applies when the card is in 802.11b mode. For all modes, you can configure the ORiNOCO ComboCard to never use Fragmentation (i.e., Disable Fragmentation) or to fragment only those packets that exceed a certain size. For example, if the Fragmentation Threshold is set to 1000 bytes, then a sending radio will fragment any packet 1000 bytes or larger before transmitting. The Fragmentation Threshold supports a range between 256 and 2346 bytes. If set to 256, then a sending radio will fragment all packets 256 bytes or larger. If set to 2346, then a sending radio will fragment only those radio packets that are 2346 bytes or larger. Profiles If you use the ORiNOCO ComboCard in a laptop computer that moves between several wireless networks, you can create an individual profile for each network to simplify configuration. For example, if you have an 802.11a network at the office and an 802.11b network at home, you can use the same laptop on both networks and switch between the each networks unique configuration settings with a click of a button. Note Concerning IP Addressing and Profiles Depending on your cards IP addressing type (static or dynamic) and your computers operating system, you may need to manually update the cards IP address each time you switch profiles. Refer to the following guidelines to determine if you need to change IP addresses manually:
If your networks use dynamic IP addresses (via the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)) and your computer is running Windows 2000 or Windows XP, you will not need to change the cards IP address; in this case, the Windows operating system should automatically release and renew the cards dynamic IP address each time you switch profiles and connect to a different network. 39 Configuration Utility
If your networks use dynamic IP addresses and your computer is running Windows 98 or Windows ME, you may need to manually release and renew the cards IP address each time you switch profiles and connect to a different network. Follow these steps to release and renew a dynamic IP address:
If your networks use static IP addresses, you will need to manually change the cards IP address each time you switch profiles and connect to a different network if the networks do not share the same IP addressing scheme. Click Start > Run. Type winipcfg in the Open: field and click OK. Select ORiNOCO 802.11a/b ComboCard from the drop-down menu, as shown in Figure 4-19. Click Release. Click Renew. Click OK to close the IP Configuration utility. Figure 4-19 IP Configuration Utility for Windows 98/ME Create a New Profile After installing the ORiNOCO Utility, only one profile exists: the Default Profile. Follow these steps to create one or more new profiles:
1. Double-click the Status Monitor icon to open the ORiNOCO Utility. 2. Click the Configuration tab. 3. Click Create... located under the Profile Manager heading at the bottom of the screen. Figure 4-20 Configuration Screen Profile Options 4. Enter a name for the new profile in the Profile Name: field. 5. Select an existing profile to use as the basis for the new profile from the Copy settings from Profile: drop-down menu or use the default settings, as shown in Figure 4-21. 6. Click the drop-down menu to select a Network Name for the profile or enter a new Network Name in the field provided. 7. Click Add. 40 Configuration Utility 8. When prompted, select Yes if you want to begin using the new profile immediately; otherwise, click No. 9. Edit the profiles settings as necessary. See Edit a Profile on page 42 for details. 127(127(127(127(
You can also create a new profile by associating with a device in the Site Monitor List. See Associate on page 47 for details. Figure 4-21 Create New Profile Screen Switch Between Profiles Once you have created multiple profiles, you can switch between them with the click of a button. Follow these steps to switch profiles from the utilitys Station Configuration screen:
1. 2. Select a profile from the Profile List: drop-down menu, located at the bottom of the screen. If necessary, open the ORiNOCO Utility and click the Configuration tab. Figure 4-22 Selecting a Profile 3. Click <-- Switch to change to the selected profile. Figure 4-23 Switching Profiles 41 Configuration Utility 4. The card immediately adopts the settings stored in the selected profile. 127(127(127(127(
The ORiNOCO Utility reports the cards current profile at the top of the Station Configuration screen. In addition, you can also switch between profiles by right-clicking the Status Monitor icon in the Windows Taskbar. Follow these steps:
1. Right-click the Status Monitor icon in the Windows Taskbar. 2. Scroll over the Switch to Profile option with the mouse cursor. 3. Select a profile from the pop-up menu. The cards current profile has a check mark next to its entry. Figure 4-24 Switching Profiles Using the Status Monitor 4. Left-click once to switch to the selected profile. The card immediately adopts the settings stored in the selected profile. Edit a Profile If necessary, open the ORiNOCO Utility and click the Configuration tab. Follow these steps to change the setting stored in a profile:
1. Switch to the profile that you want to edit. See Switch Between Profiles on page 41 for details. 2. 3. Change the cards settings as necessary within the Basic, Security and Advanced screens. 4. Click Save and Yes (when prompted) to save the changes to your current profile. 5. If you made changes to the Default Profile, a dialog box will appear that lets you change the profiles name (see Figure 4-25). Proxim recommends that you rename the profile to avoid confusion (Default Profile is no longer a suitable name for the profile since it does not use the default values).
To rename the Default Profile, enter a new name in the field provided and click OK. If you want the name to remain as Default Profile, click Cancel. 127(127(127(127(
You can also change a profiles settings by associating with a device in the Site Monitor List. See Associate on page 47 for details. Figure 4-25 Rename Default Profile 42 Configuration Utility Remove a Profile Follow these steps to delete a profile:
1. Double-click the Status Monitor icon to open the ORiNOCO Utility. 2. Click the Configuration tab. 3. Click Delete... 4. Select the profile to delete from the drop-down menu. 5. Click OK. Statistics Click the Statistics tab to view information about the number of packets sent and received by the ORiNOCO ComboCard. The default Statistics screen displays the following statistics:
Unicast Packets Sent: This statistic reports the number of packets transmitted by the card that were destined for a single network node.
Multicast Packets Sent: This statistic reports the number of packets transmitted by the card that were destined for more than one network node.
Unicast Packets Received: This statistic reports the number of packets received that were destined only for this card.
Multicast Packets Received: This statistic reports the number of packets received that were destined for more than one network node. Click Reset Values to reset the statistics to zero. 127(127(127(127(
The statistics are automatically reset to zero each time you switch profiles, launch the Snoop Tool, or launch the Packet Transmission Success Rate test. You can view more statistics by clicking Advanced Statistics; an example is shown in Figure 4-26. The advanced Statistics screen displays the following additional statistics:
Send Transmit Rate: This field reports the cards current transmit rate.
Unicast Bytes Sent: This statistic reports the total number of bytes contained in the unicast packets transmitted by the card.
Multicast Bytes Sent: This statistic reports the total number of bytes contained in the multicast packets
transmitted by the card. Single Retries: After the card sends a packet, it waits for an acknowledgment from the receiving radio to confirm that the packet was successfully received. If an acknowledgment is not received within a fixed period of time, the card will retransmit the packet. This statistic reports the number of packets that required one retry before the card received an acknowledgment.
Multiple Retries: This statistic reports the number of packets that required more than one retry before the card
received an acknowledgment. Excessive Retries: This statistic reports the number of packets that were not successfully transmitted because the card did not receive an acknowledgment within the maximum number of retries. Last ACK RSSI: This statistic reports the RSSI (Received Signal Strength) for the last acknowledgment (ACK) received by the card. RSSI is reported in decibels (dB) and typically ranges from 0 to 75. In general, an RSSI less than 15 indicates a weak signal and an RSSI greater than 30 indicates a strong signal.
ACK Errors: This statistic reports the number of unicast transmit attempts for which no acknowledgement (ACK) was received.
CTS Errors: This statistic reports the number of Clear To Send (CTS) errors. When the card uses RTS/CTS before transmitting a packet, it first sends a Request to Send (RTS) message to the packets recipient. The packets recipient then returns a CTS message to the card. When the card receives the CTS, it sends the packet to the recipient. However, if the card does not receive a CTS within a fixed period of time, it will resend the RTS. After a fixed number of retries, the card will record a CTS Error if a CTS has not been received. 43 Configuration Utility Receive
Receive Rate: This field reports the data rate at which the card is currently receiving packets sent by another wireless device.
Unicast Bytes Received: This statistic reports the total number of bytes contained in the unicast packets received by the card.
Multicast Bytes Received: This statistic reports the total number of bytes contained in the multicast packets received by the card.
WEP Undecryptable: This statistic displays the number of packets that were discarded due to a problem during decryption, such as mismatched Encryption Keys.
Bad Frame Checksum: This statistic displays the number of received packets that failed the CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) of the Frame Check Sequence (FCS). Figure 4-26 Advanced Statistics Screen
Last Frames RSSI: This statistic reports the RSSI (Received Signal Strength) for the last packet received by the card. RSSI is reported in decibels (dB) and typically ranges from 0 to 75. In general, an RSSI less than 15 indicates a weak signal and an RSSI greater than 30 indicates a strong signal.
Duplicate Frames: This statistic displays the number of duplicate packets received by the card. When the card successfully receives a packet, it sends an acknowledgment (ACK) to the transmitting node. If the ACK does not reach the transmitting node within a specified period of time after it sent the packet (due to interference or some other type of delay), it will resend the packet to the recipient. In this case, the card then receives the packet a second time, records that it received a duplicate packet, and sends an ACK again. 44 Configuration Utility Site Monitor Click the Site Monitor tab to view the list of Access Points and/or Peer-to-Peer stations within range of the card. In Figure 4-27, an ORiNOCO ComboCard found five 802.11 wireless devices. The Site Monitor screen reports the following information for each detected Access Point or Peer-to-Peer station:
Station Address: This field reports the physical (or MAC) address of the detected Access Point or the Basic
Service Set ID (BSSID) of the detected Peer-to-Peer station.
Network Name: This field reports the detected devices Network Name. See Network Name on page 26 for more information.
Channel: This field displays the Channel used by the detected device. See Channel on page 36 for more
information. Signal Strength: This field displays the strength of the radio signal received from the detected wireless device as a percentage. Figure 4-27 Site Monitor Screen The Site Monitor screen also includes Network Display Filter settings that let you customize which devices appear in the Site Monitor list.
To see all Peer-to-Peer stations within range, place a check mark in the Display Peer-to-Peer stations box. To see 802.11a Access Points, place a check mark in the Display 802.11a Networks box. To see 802.11a 2X Access Points, place a check mark in the Display 802.11a 2X Mode Networks box. To see 802.11b Access Points, place a check mark in the Display 802.11b Networks box. 45 Configuration Utility All four filters are available when in Auto mode. Fewer options are available when Mode is set to 802.11a, 802.11b, or 802.11a 2X mode. For example, when mode is set to 802.11a, only the Display 802.11a Networks and Display Peer-to-Peer stations options are available. In addition, there are four buttons at the bottom of the Site Monitor screen: Refresh List, Snoop Tool, Associate, and Test. These options are described in the following sections. Refresh List If a device that you expected to see does not appear on the Site Monitor screen, click Refresh List to update the device table. Note that it may take a few seconds for the list to refresh. Snoop Tool The Snoop Tool sweeps the available Channels in the 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz band and reports the 802.11 radio activity it detects. To launch the tool, click the Snoop Tool button on the Site Monitor screen. Note that running the Snoop Tool will terminate any current connection that the card has. When prompted, click Yes to continue. There are three scan modes: 802.11a, 802.11b, and 802.11a 2X mode. The Snoop Tool only scans the Channels that correspond to the selected mode. See Channel on page 36 for the list of available Channels in each mode. After you have selected a mode, the tool scans each Channel in turn, as indicated by the red outline. When an 802.11 signal is detected, the tool displays the signals maximum and average RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) value. This value is reported as a percentage; a higher percentage means a stronger signal. If there are 802.11 Access Points or Peer-to-Peer Groups operating nearby, the tool will report their signal strength. Click one of the Channels in the Channel RSSI Map to determine if any 802.11 devices are transmitting at that frequency. A selected Channel has a blue outline. If one or more 802.11 devices are using the selected Channel, information about these devices will appear in the APs on specific channel selected from RSSI Map box. This is the same information that is reported in the Site Monitor screen (Station Address, Network Name, Channel, and Signal Strength). See Figure 4-28 for an example. 46 Configuration Utility Figure 4-28 802.11a/b Snoop Tool Associate Follow these steps if you want the card to associate with one of the detected Access Points or join the same Peer-to-Peer Group as one of the detected Peer-to-Peer stations:
1. Highlight the device that you want the card to associate with and click Associate. Alternatively, you can right-click the entry and select Associate from the pop-up menu. 2. The Associate with Wireless Network dialog box will appear, as shown in Figure 4-29. Figure 4-29 Associate with Wireless Network Dialog Box 47 Configuration Utility The dialog box offers the following options:
Modify your current profile to match selected network. When you select this option, the cards current profile changes to match the Mode, Network Type, and Network Name used by the selected device. For example, if you selected an 802.11b Access Point to associate with, the current profiles Mode will change to 802.11b, its Network Type will change to Access Point, and its Network Name will change to match the Access Points Network Name. Create a new profile. When you select this option, the Create New Profile screen appears. Enter a Profile Name and select an existing profile to use as the basis for the new profile. Note that you cannot enter a Network Name since the new profile will automatically use the Network Name of the selected device. Choose an existing profile with similar settings to switch to. This option is only available if a profile already exists that has the same Network Name and Network Type as the selected device. When you select this option, the Switch Profile dialog box appears so you can choose from the profiles that have settings similar to the selected device. In the example shown in Figure 4-30, the profile called 802.11a refers to a profile that has Network Type set to Access Point and uses the same Network Name as the selected Access Point (My Wireless Network A). 3. Select one of the available options from the Associate with Wireless Network dialog box and click OK. 4. 5. The ORiNOCO ComboCard will associate with the selected device and adopt the settings contained in the new or If applicable, follow the on-screen instructions to create a new profile or switch to a similar profile. modified profile. Figure 4-30 Switching to an Existing Profile with Similar Settings Packet Transmission Success Rate Select one of the detected Access Points in the Site Monitor screen and click Test to determine the link quality between the card and the selected device. You can also start a rate test by right-clicking one of the entries in the Site Monitor list and selecting Test Transmission from the pop-up menu. Note that it can take a few seconds for the test to start. A sample Packet Transmission Success Rate screen is shown in Figure 4-31. 127(127(127(127(
You cannot perform a transmission test with Peer-to-Peer stations. The Packet Transmission Success Rate screen displays the Network Name and physical address of the selected Access Point. The card sends a series of packets to the selected device and monitors the number of replies it receives. This information is converted to a percentage and plotted on a graph. 48 Configuration Utility In addition, the utility displays the current success rate in the Instantaneous Success field and the average of the graphs data points in the Average Success field. By default, the card uses a packet size of 500 bytes and automatically switches between all rates as necessary during the test (greater range generally means a lower transfer rate). However, you can also specify a transfer rate and/or a packet size (between 1 and 1500 bytes) using the drop-down menu. If you change either the transfer rate or the packet size, click Apply for these changes to take effect. When finished running the test, click Close to exit the Packet Transmission Success Rate screen. Figure 4-31 Packet Transmission Success Rate Screen Version Information Click the About tab to view version information for the ORiNOCO ComboCards driver and utility. 49 Troubleshooting In This Chapter 5 The ORiNOCO 802.11a/b ComboCard is designed to be very easy to install and operate. However, if you experience any difficulties, use the information in this chapter to help diagnose and solve the problem. If you still cannot resolve the problem, contact ORiNOCO Technical Support as described in Appendix B, Technical Support, on page 58.
How to Obtain Help with Your LAN Installation
Common Installation Problems
Configuring Networking Clients and Protocols
Uninstalling an ORiNOCO 802.11a/b ComboCard
Range
Common Technical Support Questions LED Indicators How to Obtain Help with Your LAN Installation If you require assistance to install your Local Area Network (LAN), Proxim can put you in touch with a reseller in your area. The reseller is an expert in the design, installation, and maintenance of LANs and will be able to examine your needs and recommend the most cost-effective solution for your LAN whether you are installing a new LAN or adding on to an existing one. For the location of the ORiNOCO reseller nearest you, contact Proxim at 1-800-229-1630 or 1-408-731-2700 and ask for the Sales Department. Common Installation Problems Installation, beginning on page 7 describes how to install an ORiNOCO ComboCard in a computer running Windows 98 Second Edition (SE), Windows Millennium Edition (ME), Windows 2000, or Windows XP. This section provides suggestions to resolve some of the common installation problems with an ORiNOCO ComboCard. Card Inserted Before Running the Installation Program If you inserted the ORiNOCO ComboCard into a Windows computer before running the ORiNOCO Installation program, you can install the card using Microsofts Add New Hardware Wizard. Follow these steps:
1. Turn on the computer and logon to Windows, if applicable. 2. 3. Be patient while Windows automatically detects the card and launches the Add New Hardware Wizard. 4. 5. Follow the on-screen instructions to install the card using the Add New Hardware Wizard. Insert the ORiNOCO CD into the computers CD-ROM drive. Insert the card into an available CardBus slot.
Windows 2000/XP users: If prompted that the software is not Microsoft-certified, click Yes or Continue Anyway to continue the installation. The software is fully compatible with Windows 2000 and Windows XP.
Windows 98/ME users: Insert the Windows installation CD if prompted. If you do not have a Windows installation CD, see Windows ME and Windows 98 SE Installation CD Requirement on page 8. If prompted, restart the computer and logon to Windows. 6. 7. Run SETUP.EXE from the ORiNOCO Installation CD to launch the ORiNOCO Utility Setup program. 8. Follow the on-screen instructions to install the ORiNOCO Utility. Refer to Configuration Utility, beginning on page 20 for information on how to use the ORiNOCO Utility. 50 Troubleshooting 127(127(127(127(
Windows XP users: You may need to enable the ORiNOCO Utilitys configuration parameters before you can use the utility to change the cards settings. See Note to Windows XP Users on page 23 for details. Card Not Listed in Device Manager Follow these steps if you have installed the ORiNOCO ComboCard but it does not appear as a network adapter in the Device Manager:
1. Open the Device Manager (located within the Control Panels System icon). 2. Check the Other Devices category for a PCI Ethernet Controller or Ethernet Controller entry. 3. 4. Close the Device Manager. 5. Shut down the computer and remove the card from the computer. 6. Follow the instructions in Installation, beginning on page 7, to install the ORiNOCO driver and utility. If the entry appears in the Other Devices category, highlight it and click Remove. Card Not Installed Properly If the ORiNOCO Device Setup program or Windows Networking reports that the ORiNOCO ComboCard has not been properly installed or configured after you have completed the ORiNOCO Installation program, open the Device Manager (found within the Control Panels System icon) and locate the cards entry in the Network adapters category. If a yellow exclamation point (!) appears next to the cards Device Manager entry, then the card is not working properly. Follow these steps:
1. Uninstall the card as described in Uninstalling an ORiNOCO 802.11a/b ComboCard on page 52. 2. Reinstall the card following the instructions in Installation, beginning on page 7. Configuring Networking Clients and Protocols An ORiNOCO ComboCard will bind to any existing networking components, such as Client for Microsoft Networks and the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). Refer to the steps below that correspond to your computers operating system to configure the cards networking components. Windows XP/2000 Follow these steps to configure the cards networking clients and protocols in a Windows XP or 2000 computer:
1. Open the Control Panels Network and Dial-up Connections (Windows 2000) or Network Connections
(Windows XP) icon. 2. Scroll through the list of network connections and right-click the Local Area Connection that corresponds to the ORiNOCO ComboCard. 3. Select Properties from the drop-down menu to view the connections properties screen. 4. Select a client or protocol from the list of components and click Properties to configure its settings. For example, if you want to assign the card a static IP address, highlight Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and click Properties. 127(127(127(127(
To add a new client or protocol, click Install... and follow the on-screen instructions. Windows ME/98 SE Follow these steps to configure a cards networking clients and protocols in a Windows 98/ME computer:
1. Open the Control Panels Network icon. 2. Select a client or protocol from the list of installed components and click Properties to configure its settings. For example, if you want to assign the card a static IP address, highlight TCP/IP or TCP/IP -> ORiNOCO 802.11a/b ComboCard and click Properties. 127(127(127(127(
To add a new client or protocol, click Add... and follow the on-screen instructions. 51 Troubleshooting Uninstalling an ORiNOCO 802.11a/b ComboCard Follow these steps if you need to uninstall the card:
1. Right-click the Status Monitor and choose Remove Status Monitor From Task Bar. 2. Open the Control Panel and double-click the Add/Remove Programs icon. 3. Select ORiNOCO 802.11 from the list of installed programs and click Add/Remove... (Windows 98/ME) or Change/Remove (Windows XP/2000). 4. Select Automatic from the list of uninstall options and click Next. 5. Click Finish to continue. 6. Click Remove to uninstall the ORiNOCO ComboCard. 7. Click Close after the card has been removed. 8. Gold Card users: If you installed the Boingo software during the ORiNOCO Installation, follow the on-screen 9. instructions to remove it. Click No when prompted to restart the computer. If prompted, click Yes or Yes to All to remove the shared files detected by the uninstall utility. It is safe to remove these files; the ORiNOCO installation program installed them on your computer. 10. When prompted, click Cancel to prevent the computer from restarting. 11. Shut down the computer. 12. Remove the card from the computer. 127(127(127(127(
Gold Card users: If you installed the Boingo Wireless Software and want to remove it but not the ORiNOCO ComboCard or utility, you can uninstall the Boingo software from the Control Panels Add/Remove Programs icon. Range Every environment is unique with different obstacles, barriers, materials, etc., and, therefore, it is difficult to determine the exact range that will be achieved without testing. Radio signals may reflect off of some obstacles or be absorbed by others depending on their construction. The IEEE 802.11 standards and the 802.11a 2X mode specification each supports multiple data rates that correspond to different transmission techniques. For wireless devices, there is a trade-off between range and data rate. Transmission techniques that provide high data rates operate over short distances; techniques that provide slower data rates operate over greater distances. By default, ORiNOCO ComboCard automatically switches between these data rates to maintain a usable radio connection and achieve the best data rate based on the cards distance from the Access Point. Therefore, a client that is close to an Access Point will operate at a higher data rate than a client that is farther away from the Access Point. The ORiNOCO ComboCard includes two integral omnidirectional antennas. Note that the coverage footprint of the cards antennas will vary depending on the laptops design and the location of the CardBus slot in the computer. Two antennas are provided to support antenna diversity, a technique which can improve system reliability. Due to the characteristics of radio waves, it is possible that one antenna may provide better performance than a second antenna installed a short distance away. Proper antenna placement can help improve range. Here are some guidelines:
Try to keep the cards antennas free of obstructions (particularly metal objects) and do not place a sheet of metal
(like a filing cabinet) between the antennas of two 802.11 devices.
Use the ORiNOCO Utility to evaluate the signal strength and link quality between 802.11 devices.
Refer to the documentation that came with your Access Points for suggestions on how to locate the AP and its antennas to maximize range and performance. 52 LED Indicators Troubleshooting The ORiNOCO 802.11a/b ComboCard includes two crescent-shaped, green LED indicators on the end of the card. These LEDs display the following behavior:
Both LEDs are off when the card is not receiving power or when the ORiNOCO driver is not installed. The LEDs blink in an alternating pattern (when one LED is on, the other LED blinks rapidly) to indicate that the card is searching for an Access Point or Peer-to-Peer Group to communicate with. The LEDs blink in unison every second when the card has associated with an Access Point or joined a Peer-to-Peer Group.
When there is network activity, the LEDs blink at a faster rate; the LEDs will blink in unison more often as the cards Transmit or Receive Rate increases. Common Technical Support Questions This section discusses some of the most common problems using an ORiNOCO ComboCard and offers possible solutions. Symptom/Question Possible Solution/Answer I installed the adapter card in the computer before running SETUP.EXE. What should I do?
My office has an existing 802.11b network. Is the ORiNOCO ComboCard compatible?
Follow the on-screen instructions to install the card using Microsofts Add New Hardware Wizard. When prompted, point the Wizard to search the ORiNOCO Installation CD for driver files. Then, after you have installed the driver, run SETUP.EXE from the ORiNOCO Installation CD to install the ORiNOCO Utility. Yes, the ORiNOCO ComboCard complies with the 802.11a and the 802.11b wireless standards. The card can communicate with 802.11b devices in Auto or 802.11b mode. I want to install an 802.11a network in my office that has an existing 802.11b network. Will the 802.11a network interfere with the 802.11b network?
No. 802.11a and 802.11b devices will not interfere with each other since they operate at different frequencies. 802.11a devices operate in the 5 GHz band, and 802.11b devices operate in the 2.4 GHz band. Is an ORiNOCO ComboCard compatible with 802.11a and 802.11b products from other vendors?
Yes, the card can interoperable with 802.11a-compliant or 802.11b-compliant products from other vendors. In throughput tests, the card doesnt seem to transfer data as quickly as Id expect. Does the card support IEEE 802.1x Authentication?
There seems to be a delay when the card roams from Access Point to Access Point. Data rate is the raw signaling rate of a networking device; it does not equal data throughput. Actual data throughput is always less than the data rate since some of the available bandwidth is used to send control messages and regulate activity over the wireless medium. Also, throughput will depend on several factors such as network overhead, the file transfer program in use, the computers operating system, and the computers processor speed. Yes, but you also need a configuration utility supplied by your RADIUS server vendor. Note that Windows XP includes built-in support for the IEEE 802.1x standard. If you are using Access Points of only one type (802.11a, 802.11b, or 802.11a 2X mode), set Mode (see page 25) to match that type. For example, if you have only 802.11b APs on your network, change Mode from Auto to 802.11b;
this should improve performance while roaming. Whom should I contact if I have questions concerning the Boingo software?
If you are a Boingo customer, contact Boingo Technical Support for assistance at 1-800-880-4117 or support@boingo.com. See http://www.boingo.com for more information. How long will my battery last when using the ORiNOCO ComboCard?
Battery life will vary from unit to unit and depends on many factors including battery type, length of battery life without the card inserted, and how frequently the card transmits and receives data. Frequent network activity will drain the battery faster than if the card were left idle in doze mode. Configuring the card to use one of the Power Management modes will prolong battery life. However, you should perform some tests under normal operating conditions to accurately determine a devices battery life with the card installed. 53 Troubleshooting Symptom/Question Possible Solution/Answer Harmony Key Management is enabled and Ive entered my Harmony User Name and Password but I cant log on to the network. I deferred my Harmony logon until my computer was in range of an Access Point. However, once the card associated with an Access Point, I could not access the network. My Harmony User Name and Password are synchronized with my Windows User Name and Password so the Harmony logon prompt does not appear after I logon to Windows. But now I want to change my Harmony Password. What can I do?
My computer cant reestablish a network connection when Harmony Key Management is enabled. Either your User Name or Password is incorrect or you are not in range of an Access Point. To determine whether or not you are in range of an Access Point, click Cancel to access the Windows desktop and locate the Association State field within the ORiNOCO Utility. Then, log on to Windows again to bring up the Harmony logon prompt. If you are out of range of an Access Point, check the Defer logon for current session if Access Point is out of range box and click Logon. If you think that your User Name or Password is incorrect, contact your network administrator for assistance. Open the ORiNOCO Utilitys Association Information screen and locate the Security field. If the field reports HKM: User is not authenticated, then either your User Name or Password is incorrect. Try logging on to Windows again. If problems persist, contact your network administrator to confirm your User Name and Password. Enable the Log on to Harmony Security before Windows Logon option so the Harmony logon screen appears before the Windows logon screen. You can also change your Windows Password; the Harmony logon prompt will reappear after you log on to Windows once your Windows Password and Harmony Password no longer match. A third alternative is to contact your network administrator who can change your Password via the Harmony Systems User Database. You need to logon to the Harmony System first before logging on to Windows to gain immediate access to network resources. Open the ORiNOCO Utilitys Security configuration screen and place a check mark next to the Log on to Harmony Security before Windows Logon option. Then, save your changes and logon to Windows again. 54 A Specifications In This Appendix
Technical Specifications Parameters Technical Specifications The following technical specification is for reference purposes only. Actual products performance and compliance with local telecommunications regulations may vary from country to country. Proxim Corporation will only ship products that are type approved in the destination country. General Compatibility ...............................Fully interoperable with IEEE 802.11a compliant products in 802.11a mode;
Fully interoperable with IEEE 802.11b compliant products in 802.11b mode Warranty ......................................3-years parts and labor (return to factory) LED Indicators ............................Two (2) LEDs indicate Power On, Sleep Mode, Transmit Activity, Association, and Power Off Network Information Security........................................64, 128 & 152-bit Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) data encryption;
802.1x authentication; and Harmony Key Management (HKM)
(HKM available with Gold Model 8460 only) Network Architecture .................Supports Ad Hoc Peer-to-Peer Groups and communication to wired infrastructure networks via Access Points Installation & Diagnostics..........Complete configuration utility application included; Utilitys site survey tool surveys other wireless units and reports packet throughput;
Desktop icon continuously reports status Operating System Support ........Windows 98SE, 2000, ME, XP Roaming ......................................Seamless among 802.11a compliant access points (in 802.11a or 802.11a 2X mode) and/or 802.11b compliant access points (in 802.11b mode) Radio (802.11a Mode) Media Access Protocol ..............IEEE 802.11a Radio Data Rate .........................54 Mbps, 48 Mbps, 36 Mbps, 24 Mbps, 18 Mbps, 12 Mbps, 9 Mbps, 6 Mbps in 802.11a mode;
108 Mbps, 96 Mbps, 72 Mbps, 48 Mbps, 36 Mbps, 24 Mbps, 18 Mbps, 12 Mbps in 802.11a 2X mode Frequency Band (802.11a) .........5.15-5.35 & 5.725-5.850 GHz;
actual frequencies in use vary by country Radio Type...................................Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Modulation...................................64 QAM, 16 QAM, QPSK, BPSK Channels......................................Varies by country. See Channel on page 36. 55 Specifications Radio (802.11b Mode) Media Access Protocol .............IEEE 802.11b Radio Data Rate ..........................11 Mbps, 5.5 Mbps, 2 Mbps, 1 Mbps Frequency Band..........................2.4 GHz frequency band; actual frequencies in use vary by country Radio Type...................................Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Modulation...................................CCK, QPSK, BPSK Channels......................................Varies by country. See Channel on page 36. Environmental Operating Temperature ..............0C to +70C Storage Temperature..................-65C to 150C Humidity ......................................5% to 95% non-condensing Physical Bus Interface ..............................32-bit CardBus Voltage .........................................3.3 Volts Weight..........................................1.41 ounces (40 g) 56 Specifications Parameters Parameter Range Default Network Type Mode Peer-to-Peer Group*, Access Point Auto, 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11a 2X mode*
Auto Mode Preference Best Signal, 802.11a, 802.11b Power Management
(this is only applicable when Network Type is set to Access Point) Off, Normal, Maximum Roaming Network Name Security Level Fast, Slow, Normal Up to 32 characters No Security, Use Encryption, 802.1x Security, Harmony Key Management (Gold card only) Key Size 64 bit, 128 bit, 152 bit Encryption Keys
(When Security Level is set to Use Encryption) Up to 4 Keys:
10 hexadecimal or 5 ASCII digits per key for 64 bit, 26 hexadecimal or 13 ASCII digits per key for 128 bit, 32 hexadecimal or 16 ASCII digits per key for 152 bit Access Point Auto Best Signal Off Normal any No Security 64 bit Blank Default Key One of the four configured Encryption Keys Encryption Key 1 Channel
(Configurable when Network Type is set to Peer-to-Peer Group; assigned by AP when Network Type is set to Access Point) Transmit Rate 802.11a U.S. & Canada (-05): Channels 36, 40, 44, 48, 52, 56, 60, 64, 149, 153, 157, 161 & 165 Europe (-02): Channels 36, 40, 44 & 48 Europe (-03): Channels 36, 40, 44, 48, 52, 56, 60 & 64 Japan (-JP): Channels 34, 38, 42 & 46 Singapore (-SG): Channels 36, 40, 44, 48, 149, 153, 157, 161
& 165 802.11a 2X*
U.S. & Canada (-05): Channels 42, 50, 58, 152 & 160 Singapore (-SG): Channels 42, 152 & 160 802.11b U.S. & Canada (-05): Channels 1-11 Europe (except France) & Singapore (-02, -03 & -SG):
Channels 1-13 France (-02): Channels 10-13 Japan (-JP): Channels 1-13 (all rates), Channel 14 only at 1 Mbps or 2 Mbps 802.11a Automatic or select one of the following: 54 Mbps, 48 Mbps, 36 Mbps, 24 Mbps, 18 Mbps, 12 Mbps, 9 Mbps, and 6 Mbps 802.11a 2X*
Automatic or select one of the following:108 Mbps, 96 Mbps, 72 Mbps, 48 Mbps, 36 Mbps, 24 Mbps, 18 Mbps, and 12 Mbps 802.11b Automatic or select one of the following: 11 Mbps, 5 Mbps, 2 Mbps, 1 Mbps, and 1/2 Mbps auto select RTS/CTS Enabled, Disabled RTS/CTS Threshold 256 to 2346 Fragmentation Enabled, Disabled Fragmentation Threshold 256 to 2346 Depends on Mode and Network Type Automatic Disabled 2346 Disabled 2346
*Peer-to-Peer Groups are not available in Europe for 802.11a or 802.11a 2X mode; 802.11a 2X mode is not available in Europe or Japan. 57 Technical Support B If you are having a problem using an ORiNOCO 802.11a/b ComboCard and cannot resolve it with the information in Troubleshooting, beginning on page 50, gather the following information and contact ORiNOCO Technical Support:
What kind of network are you using?
What were you doing when the error occurred?
What error message did you see?
Can you reproduce the problem?
What version of the ORiNOCO driver are you using?
You can reach ORiNOCO Technical Support by phone or e-mail, as described below. For the U.S. and Canada:
Phone:
E-mail:
1-866-ORiNOCO (1-866-674-6626), choose prompt 2 USAsupport@orinocowireless.com For the Caribbean and Latin America:
Phone:
E-mail:
1-866-ORiNOCO (1-866-674-6626), choose prompt 2 CALAsupport@orinocowireless.com For Asia Pacific:
Phone:
E-mail:
+1 661-367-2230 APACsupport@orinocowireless.com For Europe, the Middle East, and Africa (EMEA):
Your local supplier in the EMEA region is trained to give you the support you require. Local suppliers have direct access to the ORiNOCO Technical Support Center and will help you in every way they can. Phone:
E-mail:
+1 661-367-2230 EMEAsupport@orinocowireless.com 127(127(127(127(
The latest software and documentation is available for download at http://www.proxim.com or http://www.orinocowireless.com. 58 Warranty and Regulatory Information C Limited Warranty, Disclaimer, Limitation Of Liability For a period of three (3) years from the date of purchase by the retail customer, Proxim warrants the ORiNOCO 802.11a/b ComboCard against defects in materials and workmanship. Proxim will not honor this warranty if there has been any attempt to tamper with or remove the products external foil label. This warranty does not cover and Proxim will not be liable for any damage or failure caused by misuse, abuse, acts of God, accidents, or other causes beyond Proxims control, or claim by any entity other than the original purchaser. If, after inspection, Proxim determines there is a defect, Proxim will repair or replace the ORiNOCO ComboCard at no cost to you. To return defective merchandise to Proxim, please contact ORiNOCO Technical Support (as described in Technical Support on page 58) to obtain a Return Merchandise Authorization (RMA) number. In no event shall Proxim Corporation be responsible or liable for any damages arising:
Whether such damages be direct, indirect, consequential, special, or otherwise and whether such damages are incurred by the person to whom this warranty extends or a third party. From the use of the product From the loss of use, revenue or profit of the product As a result of any event, circumstance, action, or abuse beyond the control of Proxim Corporation Warranty Return Policy If you have a problem with an ORiNOCO 802.11a/b ComboCard, please contact ORiNOCO Technical Support for assistance. (See Technical Support on page 58 for contact information.) ORiNOCO Technical Support will assist with resolving any technical difficulties you may have with your ORiNOCO ComboCard. After calling ORiNOCO Technical Support, if your product is found to be defective, you may return the product to Proxim after obtaining an RMA (Return Merchandise Authorization) number. The product must be returned in its original packaging. The RMA number should be clearly marked on the outside of the box. Proxim cannot be held responsible for any product returned without an RMA number, and no product will be accepted without an RMA number. Regulatory Information FCC WARNING This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that which the receiver is connected.
Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver. 59 Warranty and Regulatory Information European Regulatory Information Products labeled with the CE 0336 (!) contain a radio transmitter that complies with the R&TTE Directive 1999/5/EC implying conformity to the following European Norms. Les produits portant la marque dalerte CE 0336 (!) contiennent un metteur radio conforme la directive R&TTE (1999/5/EC) qui impliquent la conformit aux normes de la Commission de la Communaut Europenne. I prodotti che recano lavvertenza CE 0336 (!) contengono un trasmettitore radio conforme alla Direttiva R&TTE
(1999/5/EC) emessa dalla Commissione della Comunit Europea. Funkprodukte mit der CE 0336 (!) Kennzeichnung enthalten einen Funktransmitter, der die von der Kommission der EU verabschiedete Richtlinie R&TTE (1999/5/EC) erfllt. Los productos con la marca CE0336 (!) contienen un transmisor de radio que cumple con la Directiva R&TTE
(1999/5/EC) emitida por la Comisin Europea.
IEC60950, Third Edition (1999)/CB Scheme - Product Safety EN 300328 - Radio LAN equipment operating in the 2.4 GHz band EN 301893 - Radio LAN equipment operating in the 5 GHz band EN 301489-17 - General EMC requirements for radio equipment To determine the type of transmitter, check the product identification label on your Wireless LAN product. Pour identifier le type dmetteur, reportez-vous ltiquette didentification de votre produit. Per determinare il tipo di trasmettitore, controllare la targhetta di identificazione del prodotto. Um welchen Transmittertyp es sich handelt, knnen Sie auf dem Typenschild auf dem Produkt ablesen. Para determinar el tipo de transmisor, compruebe la etiqueta de identificacin del producto. Some European countries using this product may be subject to specific restrictions as listed in Product Approvals on page 62. Dans certains pays, lutilisation du produit peut tre subordonne des conditions spcifiques comme indiques dans la section Product Approvals la page 62. In alcuni paesi luso del prodotto pu essere soggetto a limitazioni specifiche, come indicato nelle sezioni Omologazioni radio (Product Approvals alla pagina 62). In einigen Lndern kann der Betrieb dieses Produktes bestimmten Beschrnkungen unterliegen, wie sie in dem Abschnitt Funkgenehmigungen (Product Approvals auf Seite 62). En algunos pases la utilizacin de este producto puede estar sujeta a restricciones concretas, tal y como se describe en el apartado Permisos de utilizacin (Product Approvals en la pgina 62). 60 Warranty and Regulatory Information Japanese Regulatory Information Association of Radio Industries and Businesses (ARIB)
#4+$56&6
#4+$56&6
#4+$56&6
#4+$56&6
5.15 ~ 5.25 GHz IEEE 802.11a Product Approvals: 5GHz: For Indoor Use Only.
#4+$56&6
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2.4 GHz IEEE 802.11b Product Approvals
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9GD http://www.orinocowireless.com 61 Warranty and Regulatory Information Product Approvals Proxim will only ship products that are type approved in the destination country. As of the release of this users guide, the ORiNOCO 802.11a/b ComboCard has been certified in the following countries:
Country Pays Paese Land Pas Restrictions Restrictions Limitazioni Beschrnkungen Restricciones Canada For indoor use only. Uniquement pour usage d'intrieur. Denmark Nemlig indendrs hjlp bare. Finland France Germany Iceland Indoor kytt varten vain. Uniquement pour usage d'intrieur. Fr nur Innengebrauch. Fyrir inni- nota eini The Netherlands Alleen voor gebruik binnen. Bruk bare innenfor Para dentro de casa usar apenas Norway Portugal Japan Version Version Versione Ausfhrung Versin
-05
-02
-03
-02
-03
-02
-03
-02
-02 5GHz: For Indoor Use Only.
-JP or -J1 Singapore For indoor use only. Sweden Fr indoor anvnda bara. Switzerland Nur fr Innengebrauch. Uniquement pour usage d'intrieur. Per uso interno solo. United Kingdom For indoor use only. USA For indoor use only.
-SG
-02
-02
-03
-05 127(127(127(127(
See Channel on page 36 for an explanation of the card versions (-02, -03, -05, -JP/-J1, and -SG). This product may be approved in other countries in addition to those listed above. If your country is not on the list above or you have questions regarding product certification, contact Proxim Technical Support (see Technical Support on page 58 for contact information). 62 Index A Access Point .......................................................................................................................................................14, 1719, 24, 26 Closed System ........................................................................................................................................................................26 ACK Errors .................................................................................................................................................................................43 Ad Hoc. See Peer-to-Peer Group Add New Hardware Wizard .................................................................................................................................................50, 53 Alternate Installation Instructions ........................................................................................................................................5051 Antenna ..................................................................................................................................................................................5, 52 Associate ..............................................................................................................................................................................4748 Association Information .......................................................................................................................................................2223 Association State ........................................................................................................................................................................22 Auto Mode ..................................................................................................................................................................................25 Auto Mode Preference ................................................................................................................................................................26 Average Packets/Sec ...................................................................................................................................................................23 B Bad Frame Checksum ................................................................................................................................................................44 Battery Life .................................................................................................................................................................................53 Boingo .................................................................................................................................................................. 5, 1114, 52, 53 Bus Interface ...............................................................................................................................................................................56 C Certification ................................................................................................................................................................................62 Channel ...............................................................................................................................................................19, 22, 3638, 45 Client for Microsoft Networks ...................................................................................................................................................51 Closed System ............................................................................................................................................................................26 Common Installation Problems ............................................................................................................................................5051 Common Technical Support Questions ................................................................................................................................5354 Configuration ........................................................................................................................................................................2343 Configure Encryption Keys WEP ........................................................................................................................................................................................28 CTS Errors ..................................................................................................................................................................................43 D Data Rate 802.11a ....................................................................................................................................................................................55 802.11b ...................................................................................................................................................................................56 Data Rate. See Transmit Rate Default Key ..........................................................................................................................................................................28, 29 Default Profile ......................................................................................................................................................................40, 42 Defer Logon for Current Session If Access Point Is Out of Range .....................................................................................35, 54 Device Manager .........................................................................................................................................................................51 DHCP .........................................................................................................................................................................................39 Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum ...............................................................................................................................................6 Disable Device Radio ...........................................................................................................................................................21, 22 Display Networks .......................................................................................................................................................................45 Duplicate Frames ........................................................................................................................................................................44 E 802.11a ...................................................................................................................................................................................6, 53 Mode .......................................................................................................................................................................................25 802.11a 2X. See 2X Mode 802.11b ...................................................................................................................................................................................6, 53 Mode .......................................................................................................................................................................................25 802.1x .............................................................................................................................................................................3133, 53 Enable ORiNOCO Configuration ..............................................................................................................................................23 Encryption ............................................................................................................................................................................2830 Encryption Key .....................................................................................................................................................................2930 ESSID. See Network Name Ethernet Controller .....................................................................................................................................................................51 European Regulatory Information ..............................................................................................................................................60 63 Excessive Retries ........................................................................................................................................................................43 Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) .................................................................................................................................31 F FCC ........................................................................................................................................................................................7, 59 Fragmentation .............................................................................................................................................................................39 Frequency Band ..........................................................................................................................................................................55 G Gold Model ...................................................................................................................................................................................5 H Harmony User Name and Password ...........................................................................................................................................3335, 54 Harmony 802.11a Utility ........................................................................................................................................................ 8, 11 Harmony Key Management (HKM) ........................................................................................................................23, 3335, 54 I IEEE 802.11a Standard. See 802.11a IEEE 802.11b Standard. See 802.11b IEEE 802.1x. See 802.1x Initialization Vector (IV) ............................................................................................................................................................28 Installation Instructions ..........................................................................................................................................................715 Instantaneous Packets/Sec ..........................................................................................................................................................23 J Japanese Regulatory Information ...............................................................................................................................................61 K Key Format .................................................................................................................................................................................29 Key Size .....................................................................................................................................................................................28 L Last ACK RSSI ..........................................................................................................................................................................43 Last Frames RSSI ......................................................................................................................................................................44 LED Indicators ...........................................................................................................................................................................53 Link Quality .........................................................................................................................................................................4849 Log on to Harmony Security before Windows Logon .........................................................................................................34, 54 M Media Access Protocol ...............................................................................................................................................................56 Mode ...........................................................................................................................................................................................25 Modulation ...........................................................................................................................................................................55, 56 Multicast Bytes Received ...........................................................................................................................................................44 Multicast Bytes Sent ...................................................................................................................................................................43 Multicast Packets Received ........................................................................................................................................................43 Multicast Packets Sent ................................................................................................................................................................43 Multiple Retries ..........................................................................................................................................................................43 N Network Name ...............................................................................................................................................................19, 26, 45 Network Traffic Statistics .....................................................................................................................................................4344 Network Type .......................................................................................................................................................................14, 24 Networking Client Configuration ..........................................................................................................................................................................51 New Hardware Wizard. See Add New Hardware Wizard Ntpr11ab.cat ...............................................................................................................................................................................13 O Open System Authentication ......................................................................................................................................................28 ORiNOCO Utility .................................................................................................................................................................2049 Installation Instructions ......................................................................................................................................................915 Status Monitor ............................................................................................................................................................2021, 52 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) ........................................................................................................6, 55 64 P Packet Transmission Success Rate .......................................................................................................................................4849 Password ...............................................................................................................................................................................3335 PCI Ethernet Controller ..............................................................................................................................................................51 Peer-to-Peer Group .........................................................................................................................................................14, 16, 25 Power Management ....................................................................................................................................................................26 Product Certification ..................................................................................................................................................................62 Product Package ...........................................................................................................................................................................5 Profiles ........................................................................................................................................................................................48 Protocol Configuration ..........................................................................................................................................................................51 Prox11ab.sys ...............................................................................................................................................................................13 R RADIUS Server ..........................................................................................................................................................................31 Range ..........................................................................................................................................................................................52 Read Keys ...................................................................................................................................................................................30 Receive Rate ...............................................................................................................................................................................44 Refresh List ................................................................................................................................................................................46 Regulatory Information and Warnings .............................................................................................................................7, 5962 Remove Status Monitor From Task Bar .....................................................................................................................................21 Roaming ...................................................................................................................................................................1819, 26, 53 RSSI ............................................................................................................................................................................................43 See also Signal Strength RTS/CTS ....................................................................................................................................................................................39 Run 802.11a/b Configuration Utility ..........................................................................................................................................21 S Security .......................................................................................................................................................................................27 Security Settings ...................................................................................................................................................................2735 Send Rate. See Transmit Rate SETUP.EXE .....................................................................................................................................................................9, 50, 53 Shared Key Authentication ........................................................................................................................................................28 Signal Strength .....................................................................................................................................................................23, 45 See also RSSI Silver Model .................................................................................................................................................................................5 Single Retries .............................................................................................................................................................................43 Site Monitor ..........................................................................................................................................................................4549 Snoop Tool ...........................................................................................................................................................................4647 SSID. See Network Name Station Address ...........................................................................................................................................................................45 Statistics. See Network Traffic Statistics Status Monitor ................................................................................................................................................................2021, 52 Synchronize Password with Windows Logon ............................................................................................................................35 System Requirements ...................................................................................................................................................................6 T TCP/IP ........................................................................................................................................................................................51 Technical Support .......................................................................................................................................................................58 Technical Training ......................................................................................................................................................................58 Temperature Operating ................................................................................................................................................................................56 Throughput .................................................................................................................................................................................53 Topologies ............................................................................................................................................................................1619 Transmit Rate .................................................................................................................................................................3839, 43 Troubleshooting Suggestions ...............................................................................................................................................5054 Turbo Mode. See 2X Mode 2X Mode .................................................................................................................................................................................6, 25 U Unicast Bytes Received ..............................................................................................................................................................44 Unicast Bytes Sent ......................................................................................................................................................................43 Unicast Packets Received ...........................................................................................................................................................43 Unicast Packets Sent ..................................................................................................................................................................43 Uninstall Instructions .................................................................................................................................................................52 Use Encryption. See Encryption 65 Use Harmony Key Management (HKM). See Harmony Key Management (HKM) User Database .......................................................................................................................................................................34, 54 User Name ............................................................................................................................................................................3335 V Version Information ....................................................................................................................................................................49 Voltage ........................................................................................................................................................................................56 W Warranty Information .................................................................................................................................................................59 WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy). See Encryption WEP Undecryptable ...................................................................................................................................................................44 Windows 2000 ..............................................................................................................................................................................6 Server ......................................................................................................................................................................................34 Windows 98/ME ...........................................................................................................................................................................6 Cabinet (CAB) Files .................................................................................................................................................................8 Installation CD ..............................................................................................................................................................8, 13, 50 Windows XP .................................................................................................................................................................................6 Disable ORiNOCO Configuration ..........................................................................................................................................23 Enabling 802.1x ................................................................................................................................................................3133 Wireless Topologies .............................................................................................................................................................1619 66
frequency | equipment class | purpose | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2003-01-29 | 5180 ~ 5320 | NII - Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure TX | Class II permissive change or modification of presently authorized equipment |
2 | 5745 ~ 5825 | DTS - Digital Transmission System | ||
3 | 2002-10-31 | 5745 ~ 5825 | DTS - Digital Transmission System | Original Equipment |
4 | 5180 ~ 5320 | NII - Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure TX |
app s | Applicant Information | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 2 3 4 | Effective |
2003-01-29
|
||||
1 2 3 4 |
2002-10-31
|
|||||
1 2 3 4 | Applicant's complete, legal business name |
Proxim Wireless Corporation
|
||||
1 2 3 4 | FCC Registration Number (FRN) |
0005850607
|
||||
1 2 3 4 | Physical Address |
47633 Westinghouse Drive
|
||||
1 2 3 4 |
Fremont, California 94539
|
|||||
1 2 3 4 |
United States
|
|||||
app s | TCB Information | |||||
n/a | ||||||
app s | FCC ID | |||||
1 2 3 4 | Grantee Code |
HZB
|
||||
1 2 3 4 | Equipment Product Code |
8460
|
||||
app s | Person at the applicant's address to receive grant or for contact | |||||
1 2 3 4 | Name |
C******** v******
|
||||
1 2 3 4 | Title |
Sr. Regulatory and Compliance Manager
|
||||
1 2 3 4 | Telephone Number |
408 3********
|
||||
1 2 3 4 | Fax Number |
408 3********
|
||||
1 2 3 4 |
c******@proxim.com
|
|||||
app s | Technical Contact | |||||
1 2 3 4 | Firm Name |
COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATION SERVICES
|
||||
1 2 3 4 | Name |
S******** C********
|
||||
1 2 3 4 | Physical Address |
561F MONTEREY RD.
|
||||
1 2 3 4 |
MORGAN HILL, California 95037
|
|||||
1 2 3 4 |
United States
|
|||||
1 2 3 4 | Telephone Number |
408-4******** Extension:
|
||||
1 2 3 4 |
40846******** Extension:
|
|||||
1 2 3 4 | Fax Number |
408-4********
|
||||
1 2 3 4 |
40846********
|
|||||
1 2 3 4 |
S******@CCSEMC.COM
|
|||||
app s | Non Technical Contact | |||||
1 2 3 4 | Firm Name |
COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATION SERVICES
|
||||
1 2 3 4 | Name |
C****** V********
|
||||
1 2 3 4 |
C******** V********
|
|||||
1 2 3 4 | Physical Address |
561F MONTEREY RD.
|
||||
1 2 3 4 |
MORGAN HILL, California 95037
|
|||||
1 2 3 4 |
United States
|
|||||
1 2 3 4 | Telephone Number |
408-4******** Extension:
|
||||
1 2 3 4 |
40846******** Extension:
|
|||||
1 2 3 4 |
40846******** Extension:
|
|||||
1 2 3 4 | Fax Number |
408-4********
|
||||
1 2 3 4 |
40846********
|
|||||
1 2 3 4 |
C******@CCSEMC.COM
|
|||||
1 2 3 4 |
S******@CCSEMC.COM
|
|||||
app s | Confidentiality (long or short term) | |||||
1 2 3 4 | Does this application include a request for confidentiality for any portion(s) of the data contained in this application pursuant to 47 CFR § 0.459 of the Commission Rules?: | Yes | ||||
1 2 3 4 | Long-Term Confidentiality Does this application include a request for confidentiality for any portion(s) of the data contained in this application pursuant to 47 CFR § 0.459 of the Commission Rules?: | No | ||||
if no date is supplied, the release date will be set to 45 calendar days past the date of grant. | ||||||
app s | Cognitive Radio & Software Defined Radio, Class, etc | |||||
1 2 3 4 | Is this application for software defined/cognitive radio authorization? | No | ||||
1 2 3 4 | Equipment Class | NII - Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure TX | ||||
1 2 3 4 | DTS - Digital Transmission System | |||||
1 2 3 4 | Description of product as it is marketed: (NOTE: This text will appear below the equipment class on the grant) | 802.11a/b/g WIRELESS LAN CARDBUS CARD | ||||
1 2 3 4 | Related OET KnowledgeDataBase Inquiry: Is there a KDB inquiry associated with this application? | No | ||||
1 2 3 4 | Modular Equipment Type | Does not apply | ||||
1 2 3 4 | Purpose / Application is for | Class II permissive change or modification of presently authorized equipment | ||||
1 2 3 4 | Original Equipment | |||||
1 2 3 4 | Composite Equipment: Is the equipment in this application a composite device subject to an additional equipment authorization? | Yes | ||||
1 2 3 4 | Related Equipment: Is the equipment in this application part of a system that operates with, or is marketed with, another device that requires an equipment authorization? | Yes | ||||
1 2 3 4 | Grant Comments | Output power is conducted and varies depending on mode and channel as indicated in the filing. This device must be marketed for indoor use only. Device is approved for notebook computer use with substantially similar installation and operating configurations as tested in this filing only. Device with specific antenna has been tested stand-alone for SAR compliance in a typical laptop computer with side PCMCIA slot as described in this filing. Device has not been tested in a host product for RF exposure compliance in combination with other transmitters. The antenna(s) used for this transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter within a host device. End-users and installers must be informed of the installation and operating requirements and configurations for satisfying RF exposure compliance and indoor-only use. The highest reported SAR value is 0.702 W/kg. | ||||
1 2 3 4 | Output power is conducted and varies depending on mode and channel as indicated in the filing. This device must be marketed for indoor use only. Device is approved for notebook computer use with substantially similar installation and operating configurations as tested in this filing only. Device with antenna has been tested stand-alone for SAR compliance in a typical laptop computer with side PCMCIA slot as described in this filing. Device has not been tested in a host product for RF exposure compliance in combination with other transmitters. The antenna(s) used for this transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter within a host device. End-users and installers must be informed of the installation and operating requirements and configurations for satisfying RF exposure compliance and indoor-only use. The highest reported SAR value is 0.984 W/kg. | |||||
1 2 3 4 | Output power is conducted and varies depending on mode and channel as indicated in the filing. This device must be marketed for indoor use only. Device is approved for notebook computer use with substantially similar installation and operating configurations as tested in this filing only. Device with two specific antenna options has been tested stand-alone for SAR compliance in a typical laptop computer with side PCMCIA slot as described in this filing. Device has not been tested in a host product for RF exposure compliance in combination with other transmitters. The antenna(s) used for this transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter within a host device. End-users and installers must be informed of the installation and operating requirements and configurations for satisfying RF exposure compliance and indoor-only use. The highest reported SAR value is 0.76 W/kg. | |||||
1 2 3 4 | Output power is conducted and varies depending on mode and channel as indicated in the filing. This device must be marketed for indoor use only. Device is approved for notebook computer use with substantially similar installation and operating configurations as tested in this filing only. Device with two specific antenna options has been tested stand-alone for SAR compliance in a typical laptop computer with side PCMCIA slot as described in this filing. Device has not been tested in a host product for RF exposure compliance in combination with other transmitters. The antenna(s) used for this transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter within a host device. End-users and installers must be informed of the installation and operating requirements and configurations for satisfying RF exposure compliance and indoor-only use. The highest reported SAR value is 0.82 W/kg. | |||||
1 2 3 4 | Is there an equipment authorization waiver associated with this application? | No | ||||
1 2 3 4 | If there is an equipment authorization waiver associated with this application, has the associated waiver been approved and all information uploaded? | No | ||||
app s | Test Firm Name and Contact Information | |||||
1 2 3 4 | Firm Name |
Compliance Certification Services Inc
|
||||
1 2 3 4 | Name |
S******** C********
|
||||
1 2 3 4 | Telephone Number |
408-4******** Extension:
|
||||
1 2 3 4 | Fax Number |
408-4********
|
||||
1 2 3 4 |
s******@ccemc.com
|
|||||
Equipment Specifications | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Line | Rule Parts | Grant Notes | Lower Frequency | Upper Frequency | Power Output | Tolerance | Emission Designator | Microprocessor Number | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1 | 1 | 15E | 5180.00000000 | 5320.00000000 | 0.0900000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Line | Rule Parts | Grant Notes | Lower Frequency | Upper Frequency | Power Output | Tolerance | Emission Designator | Microprocessor Number | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2 | 1 | 15C | 2412 | 2462 | 0.095 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2 | 2 | 15C | 5745 | 5825 | 0.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Line | Rule Parts | Grant Notes | Lower Frequency | Upper Frequency | Power Output | Tolerance | Emission Designator | Microprocessor Number | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3 | 1 | 15C | 2412 | 2462 | 0.095 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3 | 2 | 15C | 5745 | 5825 | 0.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Line | Rule Parts | Grant Notes | Lower Frequency | Upper Frequency | Power Output | Tolerance | Emission Designator | Microprocessor Number | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
4 | 1 | 15E | 5180.00000000 | 5320.00000000 | 0.0900000 |
some individual PII (Personally Identifiable Information) available on the public forms may be redacted, original source may include additional details
This product uses the FCC Data API but is not endorsed or certified by the FCC