FCC ID: NZCPACKNET

Pack Net-2 System Description PACKST nm A ae 6 ee RADIOS System Description PackNet-2 Contents 1 Introduction 4 1.1 Terminology 4 1.2 History 4 1.3 Technical data 4 2 General 5 2.1 Structure 5 2.2 PackNet-2 indicators 6 2.3 Construction 7 3 Installation 8 3.1 Generai 8 3.2 Installing the radio 8 3.3 Power supply 8 3.3.1 Recommended minimum demands: 8 3.4 Installation of antenna 9 3.5 Problems - fault correction 9 4 Function 10 4.1 General 10 4.2 Polling of slave via repeater 10 5 Programming - configuration 14 5.1 Preparations 1 5.1.1 Equipment 11 5.1.2 Procedure 11 5.2 Programming 11 5.2.1 Sys ID - System identity (menu option 0) 42 5.2.2 Radio function (menu option 1-5) 12 5.2.3 Terminal speed (menu option 6-A) 12 5.2.4 Parity configuration (menu option B-D) 12 5.2.5 Use RTS (menu option E) 12 5.2.6 Maximum distance between characters (menu option F) 12 5.2.7 Test menu (menu option G) 12 6 Test menu 13 6.1 Receiver test (menu option 0) 13 6.2 Transmitter test (menu option 1) 13 6.3 Bit error rate test (menu option 2) 13 6.4 Channel (menu option 3) 13 7 Description of the PackNet-2 interface 14 7.1 General 14 7.2 Handshaking with RTS not used 14 14 7.3 Handshaking with RTS used RADIUS System Description PackNet-2 8 Bit error rate test 15 9 Drawings 16 16 9.1 Serial cable configuration 9.2 Packet switched transparent signalling 17 RADIUS System Description PackNot-2 1 Introduction 1.1 Terminology Below, abbreviations and terms which will occur in the document Term Meaning e Repeater Radio which can act as repeater e PACKST Software for PackNet-2 transparent radio system bps Transmission speed (Bits Per Second) 1.2 History Issued by: Bjorn Ljungkvist Created: 1998-05-08 Latest update: 1998-05-08 Approved by

[Revision | Date Updated by Change 01 4998-05-08 | Bjorn Ljungkvist First revision 1.3 Technical data e Product: PackNet-2 Hardware: PCB REV 4 e Software: PACKST 1.0 RADIUS System Description PackNeot-2 2 General 2.1 Structure PackNet-2 with PACKST software is the RADIUS system for packet switched transparent data transmission with repeater function in polled systems. The system may contain one master, one repeater/slave, up to 254 slaves and up to 254 slaves via repeaters. However, in practise the limit is a total of 254 slaves if the bit error rate test is to be addressed correctly. The software is the same for all radio units in a system. Please note that the repeater also simultaneously functions as an ordinary slave. All addressing must be handled by connected control system since all units receive the master's transmission. No slave, however, receives transmission from any other slave. The radio system is half duplex, which means that only one slave unit can transmit at any one time. PACKST is completely packet switched, meaning all data transmitted and received is buffered in each respective radio. At present, the data transfer rate at radio level is 1200 bps, whilst terminal speed to a connected system is optional between 600 and 9600 bps with or without parity. The terminal speed should be set as high as possible to speed up the system. The maximum message length in the system is 240 characters. There are two ways of connecting the control system to the radio unit: either handshaking-free 2 wire (RxD, TxD and GND) or with full RTS/CTS handshaking.

lA

Master |RS282 Control wy system Sm com :

sl RS232| Contro!

NN i ave Slave j#S22) | system |

i

! i

I Slave |R8232} Control Y system Slave/ |Rs232) Control repeater system

i mm, NN |

\ vy

\ Y oe

' Slave 18232] Control |

system Y a 4 m Slave ]R8232 Control \

system RS232| Control |

system Figure 1. System structure RADIUS System Description PackNet-2 2.2 PackNet-2 indicators PackNet-2 is equipped with three LED indicators:

PWR (green) Supply voltage is present e RD (yellow) The radio is receiving data (from another radio) TX (red) The radio is transmitting data (to another radio) When PackNet-2 is being supplied via the back-up supply (BAT) all the indicators are switched off for reasons of current consumption. RADIUS System Description PackNet-2 2.3 Construction If the PackNet-2 radio is delivered in a cabinet together with a power supply unit, the construction is as shown below:

Figure 2, PackNet-2 cabinet

[Designation | Object [Explanation

[A PackNet-2 | Digital data radio

|B Block | Blocks for voltage connection

[Cc Voltage converter | Voltage converter XVACDC/12VDC D Coaxial connector N-female Antenna jack for connection of antenna connector RADIUS System Description PackNet-2 3 Installation 3.1 General The installation of radio systems places exceedingly heavy demands on design and material selection due to the fact that radio systems are more sensitive to interference and cause more interference than other types of apparatus. This is because a radio's two main functions are the ability to transmit powerful electromagnetic waves and to receive extremely weak ones. The above means that a radio can be subjected to interference and also cause interference in unfavourable conditions. However it is possible to reduce the risk if the following advice is followed. 3.2 Installing the radio PackNet-2 should be installed in such a way that it is as "free" as possible of other equipment. It should not be placed in the same box as other equipment or in the proximity of other sources of interference, such as frequency controls, thyristor controls, motors, relays or other kinds of equipment that can cause both low and high frequency radiation. Nor should PackNet-2 be installed near various kinds of sensitive sensors since these can be subjected to interference by carrier waves from the radio. The above also applies to cabling (both signal and antenna cable) connected to the radio. The signal cables are to be shielded and routed "the shortest way in cable ducts or suchlike. Cable surplus should not be tied up in bundles in the cable ducts. PackNet-2 has an earth terminal on one of its sides. This should be connected to earth. It is to be noted that this ground connector is internally connected to the negative pole of the power supply connector. Note! It is of vital importance that the negative pole of the power supply, the earth terminal and the antenna are connected to the same earth potential. 3.3. Power supply The power supply unit in a radio system must be chosen with great care. There are special and high demands to obtain adequate function, especially regarding extremely low noise level and exact and fast line/load regulation. The power supply unit should only dissipate low noise levels of both cabinet radiation and conducted interference to the radio. This should especially be observed when using switched mode power supply The unit's regulation must not be interfered by the radio's carrier wave. PackNet-2 consumes approximately 50mA in receiving mode. When transmitting, the consumption rises to approximately 1A in just a few milliseconds. The power supply unit must manage this rapid change of the output current without lowering the output voltage. The power supply cables could with advantage be screened. The conductor area of each cable should, at least, be 1.5mm. 3.3.1 Recommended minimum demands:

Output voltage: 12.5VDC nom. (11.5-13.5) Output current: 2A min. (power 30W min) Rippel/noise: 30mV p-p max. Line regulation: 1% max. Load regulation: 1% max. Temp spec -25C - +55C EMI/RFI protected with low RF/HF emissions. RADIUS System Description PackNet-2 3.4 Installation of antenna Installation and choice of antenna, antenna cable, height etc. should be done according to the instructions for the system in question. Antennas should always be mounted as far away as possible from interfering details (other antennas, tubes, stays, walls and roofs) to avoid reflections and interference. All antennas within a system should be mounted with the same polarisation. It is of vital importance that the antenna system is well grounded. The antenna holder should, for example, be grounded via a 4mm? cable or thicker. When installing the antenna cable, it is important to avoid mechanical damages. The cable must not be bent in sharp curves. Some sorts of cables (e.g. CellFlex) will be permanently damaged if the bend radius is below 0.5m. The antenna connectors should be mounted according to the enclosed instructions. When these connectors are mounted or spliced, it is important no moisture or dirt penetrates the connector. Outdoor connectors should be winded with vulcanise tape all over the connector area. 3.5 Problems - fault correction If the radio system does not work as required though it is installed according to this document as well as system specific documents, check:

* The power supply output voltage (measure the voltage both in receiving and transmitting mode).

* That the Standing wave ratio (SWR) is less than 1.5. e That all ground connectors are correctly mounted. That there is no short-circuit in the antenna cable or its connectors. Note! The antenna could be DC grounded. That no interfering equipment is in close vicinity to the radio system. RADIOS System Description Pack Net-2 4 Function The system distinguishes between an "ordinary slave and a slave via repeater. An "ordinary slave can only receive data from, and send data to the master. A slave via repeater can only receive data from, and send data to the repeater. 4.1 General When the master transmits a message it is received simultaneously by both the slaves and the repeater. Once the repeater has received the message it passes it on to the slaves via repeater. If, after that, a slave via repeater responds, its answer is transmitted firstly to the repeater which then transmits it to the master. If an ordinary slave responds, then its answer is transmitted straight to the master. One of the limitations of a system that have a repeater as well as "ordinary slaves and slaves via repeater is that, in order to avoid collisions, the "ordinary slaves" have to wait for the repeater to repeat any message before they can answer. This can however be avoided by switching repeater delay in the ordinary slaves. Repeater delay causes the slaves to automatically delay the output data to the connected control system so that collisions can never happen. 4.2 Polling of slave via repeater i i ___... The master transmits message

| Master

| _ ____ The repeater repeats the master's

! a

| a

: Repeater

~~. __ The repeater repeats the slave's answer Slave The slave answers a a Slave via repeater Figure 3. Polling slave via repeater A slave via repeater can never collide with the repeater since it does not receive its message until the repeater has finished transmitting. This is also the case when an ordinary slave responds, provided that the repeater delay has been selected. RADIOS System Description PackNet-2 5 Programming - configuration 5.1 Preparations 5.1.1 Equipment PackNet-2 and RTU 16-D are programmed from a personal computer, a hand-held terminal or the like. A special programming adapter (RADIUS Progint) is required for the programming. The Radius program, ProgTerm, is used for the programming. It is also possible to use other terminal programmes, such as, Procomm or the Windows standard terminal program, Hyper Terminal. Ifa different terminal program to ProgTerm is used then the format for serial communication is to be set at 1200 bps, 8 bits, 1 stop bit, no parity (1200-N-8-1). 5.1.2 Procedure When programming PackNet-2 and RTU6-D it is important to follow the procedure below:

Make sure that the unit has voltage feed. Start ProgTerm (or other terminal program on the PC) Select serial port. Connect the D-sub connector of the programming adapter to the PC. a WN Ss Connect the modular connector of the programming adapter to the R-bus jack on the unit in question. The unit is now ready for programming. This is carried out as described in Chapter 5.2. 5.2 Programming When the steps mentioned in chapter 5.1 has been carried out, the main menu appears. From here, the required radio function, system identity and terminal speed is selected. Program for PackNet-2 PACKST V1.0 Slave ID: OF 9600 bps 8 bits even parity

. Sys ID: Q1

. Master

. Slave

. Slave with repeater delay

. Slave via repeater

. Slave and repeater 600 bps

. 1200 bps

. 2400 bps

. 4800 bps

. 9600 bps

. 8 bits + no parity

. 8 bits + even parity 8 bits + odd parity

. Use RTS: NO Maximum distance between characters (ms): 0010

. Test menu QaHUNDyPoOMIAUeAUWNESO The radios current configuration is shown on the top of the main menu (in this example slave with the identity OF). Below this, the current terminal speed and possible parity is shown. RADIUS System Description PackNet-2 5.2.1 Sys ID - System identity (menu option 0) Here, the system identity is selected in a hexadecimal format. Identity 01-FE shall ensure that data cannot be interpreted by an adjacent system in the case of abnormal range conditions arising. The system identity must always be the same for all units within the same system. 5.2.2 Radio function (menu option 1-5) Here, the required radio function is selected. If one of the "slave options (option 2-5) is selected, a question concerning the slave identity appears. All slaves have to have an identity so the bit error rate test can be addressed correctly. The slaves identities should be between 01 and FE. Please note that "slave and repeater is counted as ordinary slave. If the radio has been configured as a master, no identity is required. 5.2.3 Terminal speed (menu option 6-A) Here, the required terminal speed is defined. Different terminal speeds can be freely used on different units in the system . The highest possible speed should be used to achieve optimal performance in the system 5.2.4 Parity configuration (menu option B-D) Defines the required parity configuration. 5.2.5 Use RTS (menu option E) Defines whether or not handshaking with RTS/CTS shail be used (Y/N). See chapter 7 below. 5.2.6 Maximum distance between characters (menu option F) Here the maximum time interval between characters in the bit stream. This determines when a message can be sent when handshaking is not used. Possible values are 0000-9999 milliseconds. Value 0000 closes the function. See chapter 7 below. 5.2.7 Test menu (menu option G) This option accesses a sub menu with built-in test functions. See Chapter 6 below. RADIUS System Description PackNet-2 6 Test menu When option G is selected from the main menu the test menu appears. This is intended to help with the testing and evaluation of the quality of the radio system. Test menu

. Receiver test

. Transmitter test

. Bit error rate test

. Channel: 1 wnPro 6.1 Receiver test (menu option 0) The receiver test is designed for laboratory tests and special instruments are required to perform it. 6.2 Transmitter test (menu option 1}

The transmitter test starts the transmitter (modulated with bit pattern) and can be used to measure the output and aerial adjustment. The transmitter transmits for a maximum of 30 seconds. 6.3 Bit error rate test (menu option 2) This test helps to evaluate the data transfer quality between two units. The master can perform the bit error rate test on all slaves. Slaves can perform the test on the master and the other slaves. The identity of the unit under bit error rate test is selected from here. The bit error rate test is described in chapter 8. 6.4 Channel (menu option 3) Here, the particular radio channel that is to be used in a multi-channel system is selected. This should usually be 1. RADIUS System Description PrackNet-2 7 Description of the PackNet-2 interface 7.1 General All PackNet-2 units in the system are connected to peripheral equipment via the RS-232 interface. Data is transferred in half duplex mode at an optional speed between 600 and 9600 bps. Two different methods can be used for serial communication using PackNet-2: Handshaking free or handshaking with RTS. 7.2. Handshaking with RTS not used When handshaking with RTS is not used, the interruption in the bit stream from the peripheral system is used to determine when the message to the radio is finished. The "maximum distance between characters-time (see chapter 5.2.6) shall therefore be greater than the greatest possible character interval in the asynchronous transmission to the radio. Normally the value of 5-30 (0005-0030) ms should suffice. Data in PLL Data out The radio transmits the message _ Maximum space between characters - Time Figure 4. Handshaking with RTS not used 7.3 Handshaking with RTS used When handshaking with RTS is used, the RTS falling edge is utilised to determine when the message is finished. The process is as follows: PackNet-2 always keeps CTS high as long as it is not busy. Connected equipment sets RTS high and sends data to the radio. When al! data has been transmitted, the connected system shall release RTS and the radio then transmits the message. RTS CTs Equipment connected to the radio sets RTS CTS is high if the radio is not busy Equipment connected to radio 1 commences transmitting Data in TPL Data out The radio sends the message Figure 5. Handshaking with RTS used _ Equipment connected to radio 1 commences transmitting data RADIUS System Description PackNet-2 8 Bit error rate test This function tests the transmission quality directly (i.e. without repeaters) between two radio units. A command is sent to the corresponding unit which replies by sending back a bit stream with U

(55H). A'U is written on the screen for each correctly received character. Incorrectly received characters are indicated with space. This provides an on screen graphic presentation of data transfer quality. The function should be used together with the automatically controlled attenuator, Aft-4, which is serially connected via the R-bus. The attenuator attenuates the signal, transmitted by the corresponding unit, in four stages. A total of 4000 (1000+1000+1000+1000) characters is transmitted. When the test has been completed the result is presented as below:

Bit error rate test UUUUUUUUUUU UU UU UU UU UU UU UU UU UUUUUUUUUUUUU ~UUUUUUUUUUUUUUEU SS UU UU UU UU UU U JUUUUUUUUUUUUUE ~UUUUUUU U U UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU uuuUU U U UUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU U OU OU UUUUUUUUUU UUUUU vuuuy U U UUUUUU U UNUUU uuuuUUY UUUUUUUU UU U UUU UU OU OU Attenuation level 0 0000 errors Attenuation level 1 0010 errors Attenuation level 2 0093 errors Attenuation level 3 0219 errors PC with ProgTerm Figure 6 Bit error rate test Pack Net-2 System Description RADIUS 9 Drawings 9.1 Serial cable configuration OM "OE @3d OH AZ8 f3d cow Aw 2-LaNDd wv eres 404 SNOTLYANSTINOI savas ged LNFe44T0 snidva ocr s Od ans-1 0d 6 wr ene od sz Lapod/ 0 Ee B as. oo s 5 on 6 ot sm uae Cee ae ie wos ant rom Id ENS Td OMe anst Td 6

(Lptid 730 aman 4 3182 ue z ma eq mci =a ox Wd 8a Td 6 380 WEG Tod oF aoe oO aut 9 aav2 ons fon Ing Few se] ces sla 2 2 sua me) c=

ud + > aut ea ue we 2a um 1 ont = 1m Md ans-a 0d & SMC ONC 71d &

Iso aut S 314b9 SNOTLUYNDIZNOI Tv 3SN NYD 1S1I0d SNOTLOSNITANOD Tid 3SN NYS SIN3Bd-WIMIed

$-1 37803 3SN 1SAW Liddd

?SNOISHAA JaYM1L40S i SLON OTM ene Tt &

Jae 390 AUD GL WOLAWSTGNI SMTA sat w BUG GL LISL3C eaTBxwo Viv ear aor BUG WOUd ATWSa JENIN. ULOT aoe aut BLg Ob AgUad 138 ULvT ar 0 SAO OL (NB OL wT ar $19 AUT Woes ONAS Ol Lsanaad er sua Ud OL BLO CaATSISe ver ag IAC WOatd WLU TALL TSO eer a 2A CLLTI92 ILI 2eese Ia LBNNIGd-WAGOW>

ANAWdINOS SNILUNIWYAL LINDID YLed = 39d awe CaaLNEWOD) ANAWdINOS WNIWAAL YLed = Ald oa <= 2 on Tag ee ered a3 @ +} 53 A aso =<$$____=

an + +______=

a 6 +<$$___ nagey E a 2 ee 1 7 ee a Od GS-0 30d 6 OC TAG Td St Lae 2 alo 2 aay. OND RS 1 a1ab3 PackNet-2 System Description RADIUS 9.2 Packet switched transparent signalling walvadaa YIA SAvIS 4 WALSAS AJNSYNdSNOUL SNIHOLIMS Ladd LANAI 4a103d3a BIA SAIS u 1"

Ceres) iors SHI id aa] Ws oat sniaus NIGLNNOW AUTAC AALvAday HLIM SAG7S Cru) H t W3LSAS HI3 NI 3NO AWNO walvadaa ONY aAv1S YALWIdaa HLIM NOILYANDT NOI aaLSOW cro BA01S NX 4 ACVAC H3LY3d3a HLIM 3AG7S Ne waLSeW H Avs \

H SAgT1S a3L039d3a LNOHLIM NOILYaNIEANOD NOILINNS Q319373S SHL 404 CaWWeadodd aa ONY 3auML40S 1S13d SWYS SHI BAH SLINN THe AOI3C AaLAdaA HLIM SAWS SU CAWNUAIONd NASP SUH 3AUTS BHL JI ATIBILLYWOLNY SN3dd dH SIHL "43MSNY ASH1 340I9d LION BeOsaYSHL LSAW C3a10ad3e LON aay AUHL SSAUTS "Aaivad3e YIA S3A07S MINV YALSUW SH WOAt SIVSSAWM HIVF S13d9y ONY SOLS AdLvadae SHL

*SALAG @be SI HLON37 SOVUSSIW WAWIXYW Sdi& BBel SAVM TY Y3A3aMOH SI INITWNIIS Oldva ALIYWd ON YO TWNOILdO Sit

@@96-889 SI NOILISNNOD WINGS SHL

*bGe SI YaLSYW 3NO YS0NN SHAU1S 3D Sa@WON WAWIXOW SHE M4aLSUW FHL .aYSH. SAAS 0 JABS YSHLO ANY wSYVSHn 3AN1S ON WaLSAS Dall NOD aS FL OL SLTRALL SLIen AVIS wot EUS = a HLM BATS HLTA 30075 SeLsAS OAL wausas qa3a03 OaiNOS FAL OL 10}

SLINGMALL GLIWSAOALL a Wow walvate = AIUJI SLING SAT ZISH BIA as FL esis SU ese LL balsas WaLSAS. Borin) OMLNOD, Getter Cri) qaisae03 FHL OL ML aoe SLIWGMALL BLINSHRAL SBA09IRY SATS SL AGISUN BL GSW HL walvadsza HLIM NOILYaNOT 4NOD MALWAdSa ANOHLIIM NOTLBYNDT NOD