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Integration Manual | Users Manual | 1.34 MiB | February 19 2020 | |||
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label and location | ID Label/Location Info | 44.85 KiB | February 19 2020 | |||
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block Diagram | Block Diagram | 72.87 KiB | February 19 2020 | |||
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operational descripiton | Operational Description | 1.39 MiB | February 19 2020 | |||
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1 | Integration Manual | Users Manual | 1.34 MiB | February 19 2020 |
D ATA S H E E T K-LD 2 radar transceiver Features Applications Description Small and low cost digital 24 GHz radar motion detector Detection distance up to 15m (human) 30m (cars) High immunity against interferences Integrated FFT signal processing with digital outputs Sensitivity and hold time can be set using analogue inputs Advanced detection data read-out over serial interface Wide power supply range from 3.2 to 5.5V 2 4 patch antenna with 80 / 34 beam aperture General movement detection applications Door opener Illumination of advertising boards Touch free switches Security systems Indoor and outdoor lighting control applications Object speed measurement systems Industrial sensors The K-LD2 is a fully digital and low cost radar movement detector. The digital structure makes it very easy to use in any stand-alone or MCU based application where a movement detection or speed measurement is required. The sensor includes a 2 4 patch radar front-end with an asymme-
trical beam and a powerful signal processing unit with two digital outputs for signal detection information. The sensitivity andthe hold time are adjustable using analogue inputs with potentiometers. The serial interface features a powerful command set to read-out advan-
ced detection data or to fully customize thedetection algorithm. There is no need to write own signal processing algorithms or handle small and noisy signals. This module contains every thing that isnecessary to build a simple, yet reliable movement detector. A very small footprint of 25 25 6.5 mm gives maximum flexibility in the product development process. A powerful evaluation kit (K-LD2-EVAL) with signal visualization onaPC is available. Block Diagram Figure 1: K-LD2 block diagram K-LD2 Rx Tx 24.125 GHz voltage regulator signal processing unit detect miscellaneous serial interface sensitivity hold time RFbeam Microwave GmbH
| Schuppisstrasse 7
| CH-9016 St. Gallen
| www.rfbeam.ch
| K-LD 2
| data sheet 02 / 2020 Revision C
| Page 1 / 25 C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S Conditions / Notes Parameter Symbol Min Typ Max Unit Operating Conditions Supply voltage RMS current Peak current Operating temperature Storage temperature Relative humidity Transmitter Non-condensing, given by design Transmitter frequency Frequency drift vs temperature Output power Spurious emission Tamb = -20 C .. + 85 C Vcc = 3.3 V EIRP According to ETSI 300 440 fIF = 1 kHz fTX = 24.125 GHz fIF = 500 Hz, B = 1 kHz, S / N = 6dB fIF = 500 Hz, B = 1 kHz, S / N = 6dB
= 1 m ( Person ) Depending on sampling frequency Depending on sampling frequency andFFTaverage feature E-Plane H-Plane Receiver LNA gain Mixer Conversion loss Antenna gain Receiver sensitivity Overall sensitivity Max. Detection distance Signal Processing Modulation Velocity processing Sample rate Speed range Response time Antenna Horizontal 3dB beamwidth Vertical 3dB beamwidth Horiz. Sidelobe suppression Vertical sidelobe suppression Interface Digital Output high level voltage Digital Output low level voltage Digital Input high level voltage Digital Input low level voltage Digital I/O source/sink current Analogue Input level Analogue Input impedance Body Outline Dimensions Weight Connector ESD rating Vcc IRMS Ipeak Top Tst RH fTX fTX PTX PSpur GLNA Dmixer GAnt PRX Dsystem R fsample rspeed tdetect W W D D VOH VOL VIH VIL IOH, IOL VAin Zin 55 65 3.2
-20
-20 10 5.5
+85
+105 90 V mA mA C C
24.050 24.250 0.06
+12 20 6 8.6
-112
-127
-30 20 GHz MHz / C dBm dBm dB dB dBi dBm dBc m 1.28 0 20
-12
-12 2.1 2.0
-0.3
-20 0 none 256 point FFT 12.8 143 400 kHz km / h ms 80 34
-20
-20 2.6 0.3 200 0.64 3.3 0.8 20 3 25 25 6.5 6.5 8 pin 2.54 mm dB dB V V V V mA V k mm g Electrostatic discharge Human body model class 1C VESD 2000 V RFbeam Microwave GmbH
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| CH-9016 St. Gallen
| www.rfbeam.ch
| K-LD 2
| data sheet 02 / 2020 Revision C
| Page 2 / 25 TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S Product Information . 1 Features . 1 Applications . Description . Block Diagram . 1
. 1
. 1
. Characteristics . Antenna Diagram Characteristics . Pin Configuration and Functions . Theory of Operation . 2
. 5
. 5
. 6 Overview . 6 Sampling and FFT calculation . 7 Start up time . Threshold generation . Detection algorithm . Reaction Time . Application Information . 9
. 9
. 10
. 10
. 11 Stand-alone Operation . Speed measurement . Host driven Operation . 11
. 11
. 11 Speed limitation and ranging . 12 Micro detection . 12 FFT filter . 13 Adjust hold time and sensitivity . Serial Interface . Command Set Description . Command Classes . Command Format . Error messages . Command List . 14
. 14
. 15
. 15
. 15
. 15
. 16
. RFbeam Microwave GmbH
| Schuppisstrasse 7
| CH-9016 St. Gallen
| www.rfbeam.ch
| K-LD 2
| data sheet 02 / 2020 Revision C
| Page 3 / 25 TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S Integrators Information. 21 Installation Instruction . United States (FCC) and Canada(ISED) . Europe (CE-RED) . Outline Dimensions . Order Information . Revision History . 21
. 22
. 23
. 24
. 24
. 25 RFbeam Microwave GmbH
| Schuppisstrasse 7
| CH-9016 St. Gallen
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| K-LD 2
| data sheet 02 / 2020 Revision C
| Page 4 / 25 A N T E N N A D I A G R A M C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S This diagram shows module sensitivity (output voltage) in both azimuth and elevation directions. It incorporates the transmitter and receiver antenna characteristics. Figure 2: Antenna characteristics System diagram 350 0 0 10 340 20 80
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70 330 320 310 300 290 280 270 260 250 240 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 34 Dieses Dokument ist unser geistiges Eigentum. Es darf ohne unsere ausdrckliche Genehmigung weder kopiert, vervielfltigt oder verwertet, noch an Dritte weitergegeben werden. Zuwiderhandlung ist strafbar und wird strafrechtlich verfolgt. Copyright reserved! RFbeam Microwave 2 230 220 130 140 210 200 3 190 180 170 Azimuth Elevation 160 150 4 We reserve all rights in this document and its subject matter. The recipient herby acknowledges these rights and assures the use of this document only for the purpose it was delivered. RFbeam Microwave 5 6 P I N C O N F I G U R AT I O N A N D F U N C T I O N S A 25.00 0.1 2.55 0.15 7x2.54 Table 1: Pin function description 8.64 0.25 Description Pin No. Name 2.30 0.15 Figure 3: Pin configuration 1 2 3 4 5 6 GND Pin 1 Detect Out VCC RX TX Hold Time In 20.20 0.1 7 Sensitivity In 8 Misc. Out Ground pin Digital detection output. Signalsa valid detection. Low " no detection High " valid detection Power supply pin (3.2 to 5.5V) Serial interface RX input Serial interface TX output Analogue hold time input. Rangefrom0to3V 0V " minimum hold time 3V " maximum hold time Analogue sensitivity input. Range from 0 to 3V 0 V " minimum sensitivity 3V " maximum sensitivity Digital miscellaneous output. The function isprogrammable over the command set with the parameter S06. In the factory setting this output signals the direction ofavalid detection. Low " backward / receding movement High " forward / approaching move ment 6.00 0.1 0.75 0.1 This output is only valid toge ther with a high on pin2 (valid detection) except if it isconfigured as micro detec tion output. 2 3 4 Project Object XX YY XX YY Material Surface Tolerance State Drawing Nr. Prepared Reviewed 5 Pin 1 B C RFbeam Microwave Farbgutstrasse 3 9008 St. Gallen Switzerland Scale 2:1 Index Format A4 Blatt / Anz. 1 / 1 Plotdate: 31.05.2017 RFbeam Microwave GmbH
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| K-LD 2
| data sheet 02 / 2020 Revision C
| Page 5 / 25 T H E O R Y O F O P E R AT I O N Overview The K-LD2 takes advantage of an internal I/Q doppler signal processing by using a complex FFT ( Fast Fou-
rier Transform ). The main advantages of this proces-
sing compared to standard time domain processing solutions are the following:
Easy detection of the direction of a movement Increased detection range with better SNR duetotheFFT processing Efficient interference suppression Vibration suppression Figure 4: Signal processing anddetection workflow The signal processing unit samples the analogue I/Qdoppler signals of the RF frontend and calculates a complex FFT in real time. In a next step an adap-
tive noise measurement and interference suppression isdone which generates a threshold limit that can be adjusted with the sensitivity setting. Then the detection algorithm looks for a valid detection and latches itto the detection register and the digital outputs for the length of the hold time setting. Sampling & FFT calculation Threshold generation Detection algorithm I / Q channel Configurable sample rate 256 point complex FFT Adaptive noise measurement Interference suppression Depending on sensitivity setting Search for valid detection Direction, speed&magnitude calculation Latch detection for the length of the hold time setting With a powerful command set (See chapter Command Set Description) it is possible to configure the whole signal processing and detection workflow. This allows customisation of the K-LD2 to get thebest results in different environments and applications. RFbeam Microwave GmbH
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| CH-9016 St. Gallen
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| K-LD 2
| data sheet 02 / 2020 Revision C
| Page 6 / 25 Sampling and FFT calculation The K-LD2 works with an internal I/Q doppler signal sampling and a computation of a 256 point wide com-
plex FFT. I/Q doppler signals are phase shifted by+ 90 or - 90 depending on the direction ofa movement in the front of the sensor. The signal processing unit samples the I/Q data with a configurable sampling rate (see parameter S04) and computes a complex FFT. The sampling rate is animportant parameter ofthesensor because itdirec-
tly estimates the speed resolution, the maximal speed, and the response time of the system. The response time is doubled if the FFT average feature (described below) is used. Figure 5: I/Q doppler signals of an approaching movement (left) and a receding movement (right) Table 2: Sampling rate vs. speed resolution vs. maximal speed vs. response time Parameter S04 Sample rate
[Hz]
Resolution
[Hz]
Max. frequency
[Hz]
Resolution
[km/h]
Max speed
[km/h]
Response time
[ms]
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0A 1280 2560 3840 5120 6400 7680 8960 10240 11520 12800 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 640 1280 1920 2560 3200 3840 4480 5120 5760 6400 0.11 0.22 0.34 0.45 0.56 0.67 0.78 0.89 1.01 1.12 14.3 28.6 43.0 57.3 71.6 85.9 100.2 114.5 128.9 143.2 200 / 400 100 / 200 67 / 134 50 / 100 40 / 80 33 / 66 29 / 58 25 / 50 22 / 44 20 / 40 The sampled I/Q doppler signals are transformed with a complex FFT into the frequency domain with 256 bins. Those signals appear either in the real (right) plane for an approaching move ment or in the imagi-
nary (left) plane for a receding movement. Thesignal in the centre is the DC offset caused by the amplifier and the analogue to digital conversion. To reduce random noise, the sensor features a FFT average option (see parameter S0A) which is enabled in the factory settings. It is an average over two FFT frames. RFbeam Microwave GmbH
| Schuppisstrasse 7
| CH-9016 St. Gallen
| www.rfbeam.ch
| K-LD 2
| data sheet 02 / 2020 Revision C
| Page 7 / 25 Figure 6: Doppler signals in the frequency domain, approaching Figure 7: Doppler signals in the frequency domain, receding RFbeam Microwave GmbH
| Schuppisstrasse 7
| CH-9016 St. Gallen
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| K-LD 2
| data sheet 02 / 2020 Revision C
| Page 8 / 25 Start up time During start up, the sensor calculates the mean over the number of FFT frames specified with the para-
meter start up learn. The start up time of the sensor depends on this parameter, the sampling frequency and theFFTsize. tStartup =
NFFT NValue of S05 Sample
256 NValue of S05 Sample Threshold generation The calculated mean during start up represents the noise floor of the sensor and is stored as spec-
trum average. During operation the spectrum average is adapted continuously. The speed of this adaption is configurable using the parameter threshold noise ad-
aption speed. This mechanism automatically adapts interferences that are present in both planes ofthe FFT. This adaptive spectrum average is used together with the parameter minimum threshold margin to genera-
te the minimum possible threshold level. This means that the threshold level for each bin cannot be smaller than the spectrum average + the minimum threshold margin setting and this is independent of the sensitivity setting. Adapted interferences are thus automatically filtered out in the threshold level and do not generate a detection. The noise floor of different sensors can vary. The sensitivity setting is referenced to the ground line in order to get an as constant as possible movement de-
tection over different sensors. The threshold level is defined as an addition of the parameter minimum threshold offset and the set sen-
sitivity setting for each bin (Further information about the adjustment of the sensitivity setting can be found in chapter Adjust Hold Time and Sensitivity). Figure 8: Minimum threshold level and interference adaption If the addition of the minimum threshold off-
set and the set sensitivity setting is smaller than the minimum threshold level (defined over the spectrum average and the parame-
ter minimum threshold margin), the threshold is set toitsminimum level. RFbeam Microwave GmbH
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| CH-9016 St. Gallen
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| K-LD 2
| data sheet 02 / 2020 Revision C
| Page 9 / 25 Reaction Time The reaction time of the sensor depends on different settings and can be calculated with the equation below when the FFT average feature is disabled. tReaction =
NFFT Sample
( Immunity + 1) =
256 Sample
( Immunity + 1) With the FFT average feature enabled (see parameter S0A) the equation changes to:
tReaction =
NFFT Sample
( Immunity + 1) 2 =
256 Sample
( Immunity + 1) 2 Detection algorithm The detection algorithm uses the following steps:
1. Scan the FFT spectrum for peaks with a magni-
tude higher than the set threshold level and with the direction to detect set with the parameter D03. 2. Check if the peak is a valid movement with the correct direction or if it is an interference. 3. Increase the immunity against interferences by checking if the movement is constant (see parame-
ter Immunity D02). 4. If there is a valid detection, estimate the speed binand magnitude. 5. Latch all the information to the detection register (see parameters R00, R01 & R02) andtothe digitaloutputs. 6. Decrease the hold time if there is no valid detection. 7. Reset the hold time if there is another valid detection. 8. Reset the detection register and the digital outputs if the hold time has elapsed. You can find more advanced configurati-
on options for the detection algorithm in the chapters Speed limitation and ranging, FFTfilter and Adjust hold time and sensitivity. RFbeam Microwave GmbH
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| K-LD 2
| data sheet 02 / 2020 Revision C
| Page 10 / 25 A P P L I C AT I O N I N F O R M AT I O N Stand-alone Operation Host driven Operation With the factory settings the sensor starts up and scans the beam for potential movements with a sampling rate of 2560Hz (app. 0.3 to 29.1 km/h). Itfil-
ters out interferences and looks for movements with a magnitude that is higher than the threshold level set with the sensitivity. If there is a valid movement the detection output
(Pin 2) goes high and the direction is latched to the miscellaneous output (Pin 8) for the length of the set hold time. The hold time (Pin 6) and the sensitivity (Pin 7) can be set using analogue inputs (for example with exter-
nal potentiometers) in the following ranges:
Hold time from 0.2 to 160s Sensitivity from 0 to 34dB (app. 2 to 20 m for wal-
king humans) With the factory settings the reaction time of the sen-
sor is approximately 800ms. The K-LD2 can also be factory configured with your settings. Contact RFbeam for more information. With a connection of the serial interface to a host (for example MCU or PC) it is possible to read-out advan-
ced detection data including speed and magnitude of a valid detection or to use some advanced features of the K-LD2 which are described in the next chapters. The detection output can be used to trigger a seri-
al read-out command over an interrupt. If there is no interrupt input, it is possible to poll the detection state register and then trigger the additional read-out com-
mands. Figure 9: MCU or PC connection example optional Detect out Misc. out TX RX Input or INT Input or INT RX TX Host K-LD2 The command set features different parameters to read-out additional detection data. Table 3: Useful commands to read-out advanced detection data Parameter Description Note R00 R01 R02 C00 Get detection state register Get detection speed in bin Get detection magnitude in dB Get detection string Includes detection, direction, speed range and micro detection information Only valid when the detection bit in the detection state register is high. Only valid when the detection bit in the detection state register is high. Complete set of data of the parameters R00 to R02 Speed measurement The speed of a detected object is returned in bin and can be easily converted into the doppler frequency with the sampling rate and the FFT width. The sample rate is adjustable over the command S04 and the FFT width is fixed to 256. Doppler = bin Sample NFFT
= bin Sample 256 The measured doppler frequency is proportional to the speed of the object when it is measured frontal to the sensor. An angle between the object and the sensor reduces the doppler frequency. The speed in km/h is easily computable with the equation below based on the doppler effect. Figure 10: FFT bin to speed conversion
moving object radar sensor v =
Doppler km/h 44.7 Hz cos()
bin Sample km/h 256 44.7 Hz cos() RFbeam Microwave GmbH
| Schuppisstrasse 7
| CH-9016 St. Gallen
| www.rfbeam.ch
| K-LD 2
| data sheet 02 / 2020 Revision C
| Page 11 / 25 Speed limitation and ranging The K-LD2 features the possibility to easily filter out slow and fast speeds by setting speed limits with the parameters D04 & D05 over the command set. The limits are independent of each other and can be used stand-alone. The whole FFT can also be divided into two speed ranges with the parameter D06. When the speed ran-
ge threshold is set, the detection algorithm decides in which speed range (high or low) the detection was Figure 11: Speed limitation and ranging overview found and latches it to the detection register or, if it is configured to signal the speed range (see parameter S06), to the miscellaneous output. The usage of the speed limits and the speed range threshold makes it very easy to divide objects into two speed classes Micro detection The micro detection is a feature to detect very slow speeds in short range applications. It takes advantage of an algorithm that analyses the DC bin of the FFT to detect very slow speeds. The micro detection is inde-
pendent from the normal detection algorithm and al-
ways enabled. If a slow movement generates a signal magnitude that is higher than the adjustable micro detection th-
reshold (see parameter D07) the micro detection flag in the detection register goes to high (see parameter R00). gives the host the possibility to directly trigger to a valid micro detection. Furthermore, it is possible to retrigger the detection algorithm over the micro detection feature (see para-
meter S0D). If this feature is enabled, the detection al-
gorithm first requires a valid detection and then, if there was a valid micro detection, it will retrigger the hold time. If the hold time has elapsed because there was no detection or micro detection, the detection goes to low and needs again a valid detection before the micro detection is used to retrigger the hold time. The algorithm computes the micro detection flag forevery sampled frame, independent of the hold timesetting. The miscellaneous output can be configured to si-
gnal the micro detection over the parameter S06. This The covered speed range that is analysed by themicrodetection feature depends on the sampling rate (see parameter S04), because the content oftheDC bin changes with the sampling rate. RFbeam Microwave GmbH
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| K-LD 2
| data sheet 02 / 2020 Revision C
| Page 12 / 25 FFT filter The FFT filter feature can be used to filter out specific regions in the FFT spectrum. The FFT filter array (see parameters A20A27) consists of up to 8 indepen-
dent FFT filters. Further the width around these FFT filters can be specified with the parameter D08. For example: The commands $A20000A<CR>,
$A210032<CR> & $A220050<CR> define 3 FFT fil-
ters at thebin positions 10, 50&80. The command
$D0802<CR> setsthewidth aroundthe filters to 2. Figure 12: FFT filter and FFT filter width example This feature allows easy filtering out of un-
wanted constant movements like a ventilator. Please note that other movements with the same speed are also filtered out. RFbeam Microwave GmbH
| Schuppisstrasse 7
| CH-9016 St. Gallen
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| K-LD 2
| data sheet 02 / 2020 Revision C
| Page 13 / 25 Adjust hold time and sensitivity The K-LD2 uses arrays with a width of 10 elements to set the range of hold time and sensitivity (see pa-
rameters A00A09 for hold time and parameters A10A19 for sensitivity). The used index of the arrays is defined using the parameters D00 and D01 or by theanalogue inputs, if these are enabled with the pa-
rameters S0B and S0C. Figure 13: Hold time and sensitivity block diagram In the factory settings these arrays are filled with de-
fault values that will work for the most applications.
(See Table Hold time array default values and Table Sensitivity array default values) It is possible to overwri-
te these arrays to generate your own sensitivity or hold time curves. S0C S0B hold time array
(A00A09) array value 09 index sensitivity array
(A10A19) array value 09 index hold time Detection Algorithm sensitivity analogue hold time input hold time setting (D00) analogue sensitivity input sensitivity setting (D01) Serial Interface The K-LD2 features a serial interface with a command set to configure the sensor and read-out measured data. The interface is an ASCII based 3.3V asynchro-
nous UART with the following settings:
Baud rate 38400 bps 8 data bits 1 stop bit no parity, no handshake This interface and the complete command set is sup-
ported by the K-LD2 Control Panel, which is included in the K-LD2-EVAL evaluation kit. It is possible to connect the K-LD2 directly with an USB to UART cable with +3.3V TTL level signals. For ex ample the TTL-232R-
3V3 from FTDI can directly be connected to the pins 1 to 6 of the K-LD2 to power it and get access to the serial interface over a stan-
dard terminal program. RFbeam Microwave GmbH
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| K-LD 2
| data sheet 02 / 2020 Revision C
| Page 14 / 25 C O M M A N D S E T D E S C R I P T I O N Command Classes The command set is divided into different classes. Every class contains a set of parameters. Table 4: Command classes Parameter Type Cmd Class Volatile Purpose System parameters Detection parameters Array parameters Flash read parameters Real-time read parameters Basic write parameters Complex read parameters Testing parameters S D A F R W C T Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No System relevant parameters to configure the sampling and interference suppression Specific parameters to configure the detection algorithm System specific tables Read only parameters Real-time system and detection information Basic write parameters to configure the system Advanced read-out parameters Parameters to test the hardware Command Format Error messages The K-LD2 responds with a message from the table below ifanerror has occurred. Table 7: Error messages Error message
@E01<CR><LF>
@E02<CR><LF>
@E03<CR><LF>
@E04<CR><LF>
@E05<CR><LF>
@E06<CR><LF>
Description Value out of limits Parameter number does not exist Command class does not exist Writing to EEPROM error Command format error UART communication error Every command is ASCII coded and needs to be sent over the serial interface by a host CPU or an ASCII terminal program. Every request needs to start with the prefix $ and ends with a <CR> (0x0D in Hex). The K-LD2 always answers with @ as a prefix excluding the command class C. Table 5: Command format
P Prefix Command class NN Parameter number (Hex) VV[VV]
Value (Hex) 8 or16Bit wide
<CR>
Enter Table 6: request / response example Example request
$S06<CR>
$S0602<CR>
K-LD2 response
@S0601<CR><LF>
@S0602<CR><LF>
Comment Get actual value Set new value RFbeam Microwave GmbH
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| K-LD 2
| data sheet 02 / 2020 Revision C
| Page 15 / 25 Command List Table 8: Class S 8-Bit system parameters All values are in hexadecimal notation unless other-
wisenoted. Param. Default Min S04 S05 02 10 01 01 Max 0A Name Description Sampling rate Sampling rate = value*1280Hz Only valid after reset. 40 Start up learn Number of FFT blocks that are used to learn the noise threshold average at start up. 01: no average at start up, fastest start up time 40: best average at start up, slowest start up time Only valid after reset. S06 01 00 03 Function of miscella-
neous output Configurable functions of the miscellaneous output pin. The functions directly repre-
sent the detection register. Value 00 01 02 03 Function Detection Direction Range Micro detection Logic Low No detection Backward / receding Low speed range No detection Logic High Valid detection Forward / approaching High speed range Valid micro detection Detailed information about the functions can be found in the command description of the parameter R00. Defines the minimum threshold offset in dB with the ground line as reference. Defines the minimum margin between the noise average and the threshold curve. The speed of the noise average threshold adaption can be set with this parameter. The value defines after how many FFT blocks the noise threshold average is adapted again. FFT averaging flag to reduce random noise. 00: averaging off 01: averaging on Doubles the response and reaction time if enabled. Minimum thresholdoffset Minimum thresholdmargin Threshold noise adaption speed Use FFT average Use sensitivity potentiometer Use hold time poten-
tiometer Use micro detection for retriggering Flag to enable the usage of the analogue input for the sensitivity. 00: use digital sensitivity setting of parameter D01 01: use potentiometer input for sensitivity setting Flag to enable the usage of the analogue input for the hold time. 00: use digital hold time setting of parameter D00 01: use potentiometer input for hold time setting Flag to enable the usage of the micro detection to retrigger the detection algorithm. 00: micro detection retriggering disabled 01: micro detection retriggering enabled S07 S08 S09 S0A S0B S0C S0D 1E 0A 0A 01 01 01 00 14 01 00 00 00 00 00 50 30 FF 01 01 01 01 RFbeam Microwave GmbH
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| K-LD 2
| data sheet 02 / 2020 Revision C
| Page 16 / 25 Table 9: Class D 8-Bit detection parameters Param. Default Min D00 01 00 Max 09 Name Hold time D01 07 00 09 Sensitivity D02 03 00 10 Immunity D03 02 00 02 Direction to detect D04 00 00 7F Low speed limit D05 00 00 7F High speed limit D06 00 00 7F Speed range threshold D07 D08 06 02 05 00 09 0A Micro detection threshold FFT filter width Table 10: Class A 16-Bit array parameters Description Index value to select an element of the hold time array defined with the parameters A00 A09. This value has no effect if the parameter use hold time potentiometer S0C isenabled. Index value to select an element of the sensitivity array defined with the parameters A10A19. This value has no effect if the parameter use sensitivity potentiometer S0D isenabled. Value to change the immunity against interferences like vibrations. 00: minimum immunity 10: maximum immunity Immunity increases the reaction time of the sensor. Defines which direction is detected in the detection algorithm. 00: only forward (approaching) 01: only backward (receding) 02: both directions Can be used to define a low speed limit in bin for the detection algorithm to filter out slow speeds. 00: inactive 017F: All speeds below this bin are filtered out Can be used to define a high speed limit in bin for the detection algorithm to filter out fast speeds. 00: inactive 017F: All speeds above this bin are filtered out Function to divide the spectrum in a high and a low speed range. Triggers the range flag in the detection register R00. 00: inactive 017F: threshold in bin for the low and high speed range Function to set the threshold of the micro detection feature. 05: minimum threshold 09: maximum threshold Defines the width in bin that is filtered out around a specified filter in the FFT filter array defined with the parameters A20A27. Param. Default Min A00 A09 See table below 0000 Max FFFF Name Description Hold time array A10 A19 See table below 0000 00FF Sensitivity array A20 A27 0 0000 007F FFT filter array Table 11: Hold time array default values Param. Value [Hex]
Value [s]
A00 0002 0.2 A01 0005 0.5 A02 000A 1 Table 12: Sensitivity array default values Param. Value [Hex]
Value [dB]
A10 0022 34 A11 001C 28 A12 0016 22 A03 0014 2 A13 0012 18 10 elements wide hold time array in 100 ms, addressed by parameter D00. 0000: minimum hold time 0002: 2*100 ms " 0.2 s hold time FFFF: maximum hold time 10 elements wide sensitivity array in dB, addressed by parameter D01. 0000: maximum sensitivity 000A: 10 dB sensitivity 00FF: minimum sensitivity FFT filter array in bin to define up to 8 different FFT filters with a width defined by parameter D08. 0000: FFT filter inactive 0001007F: FFT filter position in bin A04 0032 5 A14 000E 14 A05 0064 10 A15 000A 10 A06 00C8 20 A16 0006 6 A07 0190 40 A17 0004 4 A08 0320 80 A18 0002 2 A08 0640 160 A19 0000 0 RFbeam Microwave GmbH
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| K-LD 2
| data sheet 02 / 2020 Revision C
| Page 17 / 25 Table 13: Class F 16-Bit flash read parameters Param. Default Min Max FFFF Name Description Get software version Returns the firmware version of the sensor as a 16-Bit hex value. 0000 0000 FFFF Get type of device For example: @F000078<CR><LF> " 120 " Version 01.20 Returns the type of the device, that the firmware is running on. 0001: K-LD2 F00 F01 Table 14: Class R 8-Bit real-time read parameters Param. Default Min R00 00 Max 0F Name Description Get detection register Returns the detection register with the content below. Bit 0 Name Det 1 2 3 Dir Range Micro Description Signals a valid detection. 0: no detection 1: valid detection Signals the direction of the detection. 0: backward / receding movement detected 1: forward / approaching movement detected Only valid if Bit 0 is high. Signals the speed range of the detection depen-
ding on the speed threshold parameter D06. 0: low speed range detected 1: high speed range detected Only valid if the speed range threshold is > 0 and if Bit 0 is high. Signals a micro detection found in the DC bin ofthe FFT. 0: no micro detection 1: valid micro detection R01 R02 R03 R04 R05 R06 00 00 00 00 00 00 FF FF FF 02 09 09 Get detection speed Returns the speed in bin of the last valid detection. Get detection mag-
nitude Get noise level Get operation state Get hold time poten-
tiometer index Get sensitivity poten-
tiometer index Only valid if the bit 0 in the detection register R00 is high. Returns the magnitude in dB of the last valid detection. Only valid if the bit 0 in the detection register R00 is high. Returns the mean noise level value in dB. Returns the operation state of the sensor. Can be used at start up to check if the sensor is ready. 00: start up 01: learn 02: run Returns the current hold time potentiometer index. 00: 0V at the analogue input 09: 3V at the analogue input Returns the current sensitivity potentiometer index. 00: 0V at the analogue input 09: 3V at the analogue input Table 15: Class W 8-Bit basic write parameters Param. Default Min Max Name Description W00 W01 Reset processor Generates a software reset. Check the operation state after the reset with the parameter R04. Restore factory settings Restores the default factory settings for all parameters. Check the operation state after the restore with the parameter R04. W02 00 00 01 Set UART baud rate Sets the baud rate of the serial UART interface. 00: 38400 bps 01: 460800 bps This parameter is not stored. After a reset or restart the baud rate is set to 38400 bps. RFbeam Microwave GmbH
| Schuppisstrasse 7
| CH-9016 St. Gallen
| www.rfbeam.ch
| K-LD 2
| data sheet 02 / 2020 Revision C
| Page 18 / 25 Table 16: Class C variable length complex read parameters Param. Default Min Max Name Description Length Get detection string Returns the detection register, the detection speed and the detection magnitu-
14 bytes C00 C01 C02 C03 C04 Get target string Get EEPROM hexstring Get FFT spectrum +
threshold level Get ADC I/Q data+
FFT spectrum +
threshold level C05 Get C04 +
additional parameters C06 Get C05 +
spectrum average de as an ASCII string in decimal format. Example response: 001;076;067;
Returns an ASCII target list string in decimal format. It returns the speed and magnitude of the dominant movement for the forward and backward plane of the spectrum. Target string structure:
Forward speed in bin +
Backward speed in bin +
Forward magnitude in dB +
Backward magnitude in dB Example response:
000;000;000;000; " no target found 076;000;045;000; " forward target found 000;076;000;045; " backward target found 020;076;031;045; " two targets found Returns the full 512 EEPROM bytes as an ASCII string in the Intel hex format. 18 bytes 2893 bytes Returns the FFT spectrum and the threshold level in a binary format. 1024 bytes Description FFT spectrum Threshold level Datatype UINT16 *
UINT16 *
Length 512 bytes 512 bytes Returns the ADC I/Q data, the FFT spectrum and the threshold level ina binary format. 2048 bytes Description ADC I data ADC Q data FFT spectrum Threshold level Datatype INT16 *
INT16 *
UINT16 *
UINT16 *
Length 512 bytes 512 bytes 512 bytes 512 bytes Returns the values of C04 and additional parameters in a binary format. 2070 bytes Description ADC I data ADC Q data FFT spectrum Threshold level Detection register Detection speed Detection magnitude Target string Noise level mean Operation state Index of hold time potentiometer Index of sensitivity potentiometer Datatype INT16 *
INT16 *
UINT16 *
UINT16 *
UINT8 UINT8 UINT8 ASCII string UINT8 UINT8 UINT8 Length 512 bytes 512 bytes 512 bytes 512 bytes 1 byte 1 byte 1 byte 15 bytes 1 byte 1 byte 1 byte UINT8 1 byte Returns the values of C05 and the spectrum average in a binary format. 2582 bytes Description ADC I data ADC Q data FFT spectrum Threshold level Detection register Detection speed Detection magnitude Target string Noise level mean Operation state Index of hold time potentiometer Index of sensitivity potentiometer Spectrum average Datatype INT16 *
INT16 *
UINT16 *
UINT16 *
UINT8 UINT8 UINT8 ASCII string UINT8 UINT8 UINT8 Length 512 bytes 512 bytes 512 bytes 512 bytes 1 byte 1 byte 1 byte 15 bytes 1 byte 1 byte 1 byte UINT8 1 byte UINT16 *
512 bytes RFbeam Microwave GmbH
| Schuppisstrasse 7
| CH-9016 St. Gallen
| www.rfbeam.ch
| K-LD 2
| data sheet 02 / 2020 Revision C
| Page 19 / 25
* 16 bit wide datatypes are sent with the high byte first. Table 17: Class T 8-Bit testing parameters Param. Default Min T00 00 00 Max 01 Name Description Activate testing mode Activates the testing mode. 00: Testing mode disabled 01: Testing mode enabled This parameter is not stored. After a reset or restart it is reset tothevalue 00. T01 T02 00 00 01 01 Force detection output Force miscellaneous output Controls the detection output, if the testing mode T00 is enabled 00: force to low 01: force to high Controls the miscellaneous output, if the testing mode T00 is enabled 00: force to low 01: force to high RFbeam Microwave GmbH
| Schuppisstrasse 7
| CH-9016 St. Gallen
| www.rfbeam.ch
| K-LD 2
| data sheet 02 / 2020 Revision C
| Page 20 / 25 I N T E G R AT O R S I N F O R M AT I O N Installation Instruction Mechanical enclosure It is possible to hide the sensor behind a so called ra-
dome (short for radar dome) to protect it from environ-
mental influences or to simply integrate it in the case of the end product. A radar sensor can see trough diffe-
rent types of plastic and glass of any colour as long as it is not metallized. This allows for a very flexible design of the housing as long as the rules below are observed. Cover must not be metallic. No plastic coating with colors containing metallic or carbon particles. Distance between cover and front of Radar sensor 6.2 mm Best cover material is Polycarbonat or ABS Best cover thickness is 3 4 mm Vibrations of the Radar antenna relatively to the cover should be avoided, because this generates signals that can trigger the output The cover material can act as a lens and focus or disperse the transmitted waves. Use a constant material thickness within the area used for trans-
mission to minimize the effect of the radome to the radiated antenna pattern. Detailed information about the calculati-
on and thickness for different cover mate-
rials can be found in the application note AN-03-Radome. RFbeam Microwave GmbH
| Schuppisstrasse 7
| CH-9016 St. Gallen
| www.rfbeam.ch
| K-LD 2
| data sheet 02 / 2020 Revision C
| Page 21 / 25 United States (FCC) and Canada(ISED) Modification to this product will void the users authority to operate this equipment. The OEM integrator is responsible for the fi-
nal compliance of the end product with this integrated modular approved transmitter module. This includes measurements with the RF module integrated and activated as defined in KDB 996369 and if applicable appropriate equipment authorizations as de-
fined in 15.101. RF Exposure This module is approved for installation into fixed and/
or mobile host platforms and must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter except in accordance with FCC/ISED mul-
ti-transmitter guidelines. End users must be provided with transmitter operating conditions for satisfying RF Exposure compliance. This module has been granted modular approval for fixed and/or mobile applications. The modular appro-
val allows the end user to integrate the module into a finished product without obtaining subsequent and separate FCC/ISED approvals for intentional radiation, provided no changes or modifications are made to the module circuitry. Changes or modifications could void the users authority to operate the equipment. The end user must comply with all of the instructions provided by the Grantee, which indicate installation and/or operating conditions necessary for complian-
ce. The finished product is required to comply with all applicable FCC/ISED equipment authorizations regulations, requirements and equipment functions not associated with the transmitter module portion. Labelling and user information requirements If the label of the module is not visible from the outs-
ide of the end product, it must include the following texts on the label of the host product:
FCC Contains FCC ID: 2ASYV-K-LD2 ISED Contains IC: 24358-KLD2 In addition to marking the product with the appro-
priate IDs, the end product shall bear the following statement in a conspicuous location on the label or alternatively in the user manual:
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules and with Industry Canada licence-exempt RSS standard(s). Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must ac-
cept any interference received, including interferen-
ce that may cause undesired operation. Le prsent appareil est conforme aux CNR d'In-
dustrie Canada applicables aux appareils radio exempts de licence. L'exploitation est autorise aux deux conditions suivantes: (1) l'appareil ne doit pas produire de brouillage, et (2) l'appareil doit accepter tout brouillage radiolectrique subi, mme si le brouillage est susceptible d'en compromettre le fonctionnement. RFbeam Microwave GmbH
| Schuppisstrasse 7
| CH-9016 St. Gallen
| www.rfbeam.ch
| K-LD 2
| data sheet 02 / 2020 Revision C
| Page 22 / 25 An OEM integrator can show compliance to article 3.1(a) and 3.1(b) for the final product by doing internal or external tests and following the Module A (Annex II of the RED) assessment procedure. To show com-
pliance against article 3.2 it is possible to reuse the assessment of the K-LD2 as long as it is the only ra-
dio module in the final product or if the integrator can guarantee that only one radio module is operating at the same time. Test reports of the K-LD2 are available on request. The ETSI guide EG 203 367 provides de-
tailed guidance on the application of harmo-
nized standards to multi-radio and combined equipment to demonstrate conformity. RF Exposure Information (MPE) This device has been tested and meets applicable limits for Radio Frequency (RF) exposure. A detailed calculation to show compliance to the RED Article 3.1(a) is available on request. Simplified DoC Statement Hereby, RFbeam Microwave GmbH declares that the radio equipment type K-LD2 is in compliance with Directive 2014/53/EU. The declaration of conformity may be consulted at www.rfbeam.ch. Europe (CE-RED) This module is a Radio Equipment Directive assessed radio module that is CE complaint and have been manufactured and tested with the intention of being integrated into a final product. According to the RED every final product that inclu-
des a radio module is also a radio product which falls under the scope of the RED. This means that OEM and host manufacturers are ultimately responsible for the compliance of the host and the module. The final product must be reassessed against all of the essenti-
al requirements of the RED before it can be placed on the EU market. This includes reassessing the module for compliance against the following RED articles:
Article 3.1( a ) : Health and safety Article 3.1( b ) : Electromagnetic compatibility ( EMC ) Efficient use of radio spectrum ( RF ) Article 3.2 :
The RED knows different conformity assessment procedures to show compliance against the essential requirements (See RED Guide, chapter 2.6b). As long as the radio module can show compliance to Article 3.2 by the use of a harmonized standard, which is listed in the official journal of the EU (OJEU), it is not necessary to do an EU type examination for the final radio product by a notified body. In this case it is possible to demonstrate conformity according to the essential requirements of the RED by using Module A
(Annex II of the RED), which allows to show conformi-
ty by internal production control. As long as a harmonized standard listed in the OJEU can be used to demonstrate con-
formity in accordance with Article 3.2 of the RED, it is possible to carry out the CE certi-
fication in self-declaration without the invol-
vement of a notified body. The K-LD2 shows compliance against the Article 3.2 by the use of the standard EN 300 440 which is a harmonized standard listed in the OJEU, what gives the possibility to show conformity by internal produc-
tion control. RFbeam Microwave GmbH
| Schuppisstrasse 7
| CH-9016 St. Gallen
| www.rfbeam.ch
| K-LD 2
| data sheet 02 / 2020 Revision C
| Page 23 / 25 Dieses Dokument ist unser geistiges Eigentum. Es darf ohne unsere ausdrckliche Genehmigung weder kopiert, vervielfltigt oder verwertet, noch an Dritte weitergegeben werden. Zuwiderhandlung ist strafbar und wird strafrechtlich verfolgt. Copyright reserved! RFbeam Microwave 1 O U T L I N E D I M E N S I O N S 2 3 4 We reserve all rights in this document and its subject matter. The recipient herby acknowledges these rights and assures the use of this document only for the purpose it was delivered. RFbeam Microwave 5 6 A B C D Figure 14: Outline dimensions in millimeter 3.61 2.40 0 9 0 6
. 3 1 25.00 0.1 7x2.54 2.55 0.15 8.64 0.25 2.30 0.15 Pin 1 Pin 1 1
. 0 0 0
. 5 2 1
. 0 0 2
. 0 2 20.20 0.1 6.00 0.1 0.75 0.1 O R D E R I N F O R M AT I O N The ordering number consists of different parts with the structurebelow. Figure 15: Ordering number structure Product 1
= K-LD2 Customer 2 HW variant 3 Supply 4
= RFB for standard products
= 00 for standard variant
= H for 3.3V 5V version Project Object XX YY XX YY Material Surface Tolerance State Drawing Nr. Prepared Reviewed 5 RFbeam Microwave Farbgutstrasse 3 9008 St. Gallen Switzerland Scale 2:1 Format A4 Blatt / Anz. 1 / 1 Plotdate: 31.05.2017 Index SW variant
= 02 for standard variant Table 18: Available ordering numbers Ordering number Description K-LD2-RFB-00H-02 K-LD2-EVAL-RFB-01H Standard K-LD2 with default configuration, without PC software Standard K-LD2 evaluation kit with powerful PC software It is possible to order K-LD2 sensors with apreprogramed custom configuration. Con-
tact RFbeam Microwave for more informa-
tion. RFbeam Microwave GmbH
| Schuppisstrasse 7
| CH-9016 St. Gallen
| www.rfbeam.ch
| K-LD 2
| data sheet 02 / 2020 Revision C
| Page 24 / 25 R E V I S I O N H I S T O R Y 06/2017 Revision A: Initial Version 09/2018 Revision B: Changes to Figure 2: Antenna characteristic Changes to Figure 15: Ordering number structure Changes to Table 18: Available ordering numbers Added Table of Contents and changed the title format 02 / 2020 Revision C: Changed Supply current to RMS and peak current Added relative humidity to the operating conditions Changed the frequency drift and typical output power Added ESD level information Added new chapter integrators information RFbeam does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and RFbeam reserves the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications. RFbeam Microwave GmbH
| Schuppisstrasse 7
| CH-9016 St. Gallen
| www.rfbeam.ch
| K-LD 2
| data sheet 02 / 2020 Revision C
| Page 25 / 25
1 | label and location | ID Label/Location Info | 44.85 KiB | February 19 2020 |
RFbeam Microwave GmbH K-LD2 digital radar transceiver Label and Location Label Design RFbeam Microwave GmbH K-LD2 K-LD2-RFB-00H-02 Lot: 1950 IC: 24358-KLD2 FCC ID: 2ASYV-K-LD2 Label Location Permanently on the backside and in the middle of the shield cover. RFbeam Microwave GmbH K-LD2 K-LD2-RFB-00H-02 Lot: 1950 IC: 24358-KLD2 FCC ID: 2ASYV-K-LD2 RFbeam Microwave GmbH, Schuppisstrasse 7, CH-9016 St. Gallen, www.rfbeam.ch Page 1/1
1 | LTC STC reqeuest | Cover Letter(s) | 42.74 KiB | February 19 2020 |
Long/Short-term Confidentiality Request Date: 14 January 2020 PHOENIX TESTLAB GmbH Product Certification Knigswinkel 10 D 32825 Blomberg FCC ID: 2ASYV-K-LD2 To Whom It May Concerns, Pursuant to sections 0.457(d) and 0.459 of CFR 47 and to avoid premature release of sensitive information prior to marketing or release of the product to the public, we hereby request long-term confidential treatment of information accompanying this application as outlined below:
Schematics Block Diagram Operational Description In addition we hereby request the following exhibits contained in this application to be temporarily (short-term confidentiality) withheld from the public disclosure for an initial period of days until: 06/13/2020 External Photos Internal Photos The above materials contain trade secrets and proprietary information not customarily released to the public. The public disclosure of these matters might be harmful to the applicant and provide unjustified benefits to its competitors. The applicant understands that pursuant to rule 0.457(d), disclosure of this application and all accompanying documentation will not be made before the date of the GRANT for this application. If you have any questions, please feel free to contact me. Yours sincerely, Signatory Horst Dreinert Graduated Approval Engineer Parts List Tune-Up Info Test Setup Photos Users Manual not applicable
1 | Power of Attorney Letter | Cover Letter(s) | 269.22 KiB | February 19 2020 |
RFbeam Microwave GmbH Power of Attorney Please be advised that we, RFbeam Microwave GmbH, authorize the following persons from PHOENIX TESTLAB GmbH:
Mr. Uwe Dollitz Mr. Bjoern Michalzik Mr. Alena Doerksen Mr. Anton Stang Mr. Ren Hoeschen-
Bischoff Mr. Horst Dreinert Mr. Kai Heinrichs Ms. Chvi-Chen Chai Mr. Tim Koenig Mr. Niklas Stein Mr. Volker Juckel Ms. Tanja Koch Mr. Vitali Buchholz to act on our behalf in all matters relating to application for equipment authorization, including the signing of all documents relating to these matters and in-country-testing. PHOENIX TESTLAB GmbH has our permission to use our technical documents for the approvals for the following device:
Model name/-number: K-LD2 Product description: 24GHz digital radar transceiver Brand name: RFbeam Microwave GmbH Unless future correspondence from RFbeam Microwave GmbH, please extend your full cooperation to PHOENIX TESTLAB GmbH regarding matters to the above mentioned products to 24 months after the signatory date of this authorization. Sincerely Yours, Contact person Lon Audergon Position in the company CEO Date of signatory 13.12.2019
I 1 bn A /
Signatory /
(Lon Audergon) RFbeam Microwave GmbH Schuppisstrasse 7 info@rfbeam.ch CH-9016 St.Gallen www.rfbeam.ch Switzerland
1 | Request MA | Cover Letter(s) | 103.78 KiB | February 19 2020 |
PHOENIX TESTLAB GmbH Product Certification Knigswinkel 10 D 32825 Blomberg Attn: Reviewing Engineer Date: 18 February 2020 Subject: REQUEST FOR FCC MODULAR TRANSMITTER APPROVAL FCC ID: 2ASYV-K-LD2 To Whom It May Concern:
We, (applicant name), hereby request a modular / limited modular approval. In CFR47 15.212 Modular Transmitters and KDB 996369 D01 Module Equip Auth Guide there are following eight numbered requirements defined:
1. The radio elements must have the radio frequency circuitry shielded. Physical components and tuning capacitor(s) may be located external to the shield, but must be on the module assembly. This request is fulfilled. 2. The modular transmitter must have buffered modulation/data inputs (if such inputs are provided) to ensure that the module will comply with part 15 requirements under conditions of excessive data rates or over-modulation. This request is fulfilled. 3. The modular transmitter must have its own power supply regulation on the module. This request is fulfilled. 4. The module must contain a permanently attached antenna, or contain a unique antenna connector, and be marketed and operated only with specific antenna(s), per 15.203, 15.204(b), 15.204(c), 15.212(a), 2.929(b). This request is fulfilled, the antennas are on the module. 5. The module must demonstrate compliance in a stand-alone configuration. This request is fulfilled. 6. The modular transmitter must be equipped with either a permanently affixed label or must be capable of electronically displaying its FCC identification number (KDB 784748). This request is fulfilled. 7. The modular transmitter must comply with any specific rule or operating requirements applicable to the transmitter and the manufacturer must provide adequate instructions along with the module to explain any such requirements. This request is fulfilled. 8. The modular transmitter must comply with any applicable RF exposure requirements in its final configuration. This request is fulfilled. Yours sincerely, Signatory PHOENIX TESTLAB GmbH Horst Dreinert, Graduated Approval Engineer
1 | Test Setup Photos | Test Setup Photos | 1.74 MiB | February 19 2020 / June 13 2020 | delayed release |
1 | operational descripiton | Operational Description | 1.39 MiB | February 19 2020 |
D ATA S H E E T K-LD 2 radar transceiver Features Applications Description Small and low cost digital 24 GHz radar motion detector Detection distance up to 15m (human) 30m (cars) High immunity against interferences Integrated FFT signal processing with digital outputs Sensitivity and hold time can be set using analogue inputs Advanced detection data read-out over serial interface Wide power supply range from 3.2 to 5.5V 2 4 patch antenna with 80 / 34 beam aperture General movement detection applications Door opener Illumination of advertising boards Touch free switches Security systems Indoor and outdoor lighting control applications Object speed measurement systems Industrial sensors The K-LD2 is a fully digital and low cost radar movement detector. The digital structure makes it very easy to use in any stand-alone or MCU based application where a movement detection or speed measurement is required. The sensor includes a 2 4 patch radar front-end with an asymme-
trical beam and a powerful signal processing unit with two digital outputs for signal detection information. The sensitivity andthe hold time are adjustable using analogue inputs with potentiometers. The serial interface features a powerful command set to read-out advan-
ced detection data or to fully customize thedetection algorithm. There is no need to write own signal processing algorithms or handle small and noisy signals. This module contains every thing that isnecessary to build a simple, yet reliable movement detector. A very small footprint of 25 25 6.5 mm gives maximum flexibility in the product development process. A powerful evaluation kit (K-LD2-EVAL) with signal visualization onaPC is available. Block Diagram Figure 1: K-LD2 block diagram K-LD2 Rx Tx 24.125 GHz voltage regulator signal processing unit detect miscellaneous serial interface sensitivity hold time RFbeam Microwave GmbH
| Schuppisstrasse 7
| CH-9016 St. Gallen
| www.rfbeam.ch
| K-LD 2
| data sheet 02 / 2020 Revision C
| Page 1 / 25 C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S Conditions / Notes Parameter Symbol Min Typ Max Unit Operating Conditions Supply voltage RMS current Peak current Operating temperature Storage temperature Relative humidity Transmitter Non-condensing, given by design Transmitter frequency Frequency drift vs temperature Output power Spurious emission Tamb = -20 C .. + 85 C Vcc = 3.3 V EIRP According to ETSI 300 440 fIF = 1 kHz fTX = 24.125 GHz fIF = 500 Hz, B = 1 kHz, S / N = 6dB fIF = 500 Hz, B = 1 kHz, S / N = 6dB
= 1 m ( Person ) Depending on sampling frequency Depending on sampling frequency andFFTaverage feature E-Plane H-Plane Receiver LNA gain Mixer Conversion loss Antenna gain Receiver sensitivity Overall sensitivity Max. Detection distance Signal Processing Modulation Velocity processing Sample rate Speed range Response time Antenna Horizontal 3dB beamwidth Vertical 3dB beamwidth Horiz. Sidelobe suppression Vertical sidelobe suppression Interface Digital Output high level voltage Digital Output low level voltage Digital Input high level voltage Digital Input low level voltage Digital I/O source/sink current Analogue Input level Analogue Input impedance Body Outline Dimensions Weight Connector ESD rating Vcc IRMS Ipeak Top Tst RH fTX fTX PTX PSpur GLNA Dmixer GAnt PRX Dsystem R fsample rspeed tdetect W W D D VOH VOL VIH VIL IOH, IOL VAin Zin 55 65 3.2
-20
-20 10 5.5
+85
+105 90 V mA mA C C
24.050 24.250 0.06
+12 20 6 8.6
-112
-127
-30 20 GHz MHz / C dBm dBm dB dB dBi dBm dBc m 1.28 0 20
-12
-12 2.1 2.0
-0.3
-20 0 none 256 point FFT 12.8 143 400 kHz km / h ms 80 34
-20
-20 2.6 0.3 200 0.64 3.3 0.8 20 3 25 25 6.5 6.5 8 pin 2.54 mm dB dB V V V V mA V k mm g Electrostatic discharge Human body model class 1C VESD 2000 V RFbeam Microwave GmbH
| Schuppisstrasse 7
| CH-9016 St. Gallen
| www.rfbeam.ch
| K-LD 2
| data sheet 02 / 2020 Revision C
| Page 2 / 25 TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S Product Information . 1 Features . 1 Applications . Description . Block Diagram . 1
. 1
. 1
. Characteristics . Antenna Diagram Characteristics . Pin Configuration and Functions . Theory of Operation . 2
. 5
. 5
. 6 Overview . 6 Sampling and FFT calculation . 7 Start up time . Threshold generation . Detection algorithm . Reaction Time . Application Information . 9
. 9
. 10
. 10
. 11 Stand-alone Operation . Speed measurement . Host driven Operation . 11
. 11
. 11 Speed limitation and ranging . 12 Micro detection . 12 FFT filter . 13 Adjust hold time and sensitivity . Serial Interface . Command Set Description . Command Classes . Command Format . Error messages . Command List . 14
. 14
. 15
. 15
. 15
. 15
. 16
. RFbeam Microwave GmbH
| Schuppisstrasse 7
| CH-9016 St. Gallen
| www.rfbeam.ch
| K-LD 2
| data sheet 02 / 2020 Revision C
| Page 3 / 25 TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S Integrators Information. 21 Installation Instruction . United States (FCC) and Canada(ISED) . Europe (CE-RED) . Outline Dimensions . Order Information . Revision History . 21
. 22
. 23
. 24
. 24
. 25 RFbeam Microwave GmbH
| Schuppisstrasse 7
| CH-9016 St. Gallen
| www.rfbeam.ch
| K-LD 2
| data sheet 02 / 2020 Revision C
| Page 4 / 25 A N T E N N A D I A G R A M C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S This diagram shows module sensitivity (output voltage) in both azimuth and elevation directions. It incorporates the transmitter and receiver antenna characteristics. Figure 2: Antenna characteristics System diagram 350 0 0 10 340 20 80
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70 330 320 310 300 290 280 270 260 250 240 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 34 Dieses Dokument ist unser geistiges Eigentum. Es darf ohne unsere ausdrckliche Genehmigung weder kopiert, vervielfltigt oder verwertet, noch an Dritte weitergegeben werden. Zuwiderhandlung ist strafbar und wird strafrechtlich verfolgt. Copyright reserved! RFbeam Microwave 2 230 220 130 140 210 200 3 190 180 170 Azimuth Elevation 160 150 4 We reserve all rights in this document and its subject matter. The recipient herby acknowledges these rights and assures the use of this document only for the purpose it was delivered. RFbeam Microwave 5 6 P I N C O N F I G U R AT I O N A N D F U N C T I O N S A 25.00 0.1 2.55 0.15 7x2.54 Table 1: Pin function description 8.64 0.25 Description Pin No. Name 2.30 0.15 Figure 3: Pin configuration 1 2 3 4 5 6 GND Pin 1 Detect Out VCC RX TX Hold Time In 20.20 0.1 7 Sensitivity In 8 Misc. Out Ground pin Digital detection output. Signalsa valid detection. Low " no detection High " valid detection Power supply pin (3.2 to 5.5V) Serial interface RX input Serial interface TX output Analogue hold time input. Rangefrom0to3V 0V " minimum hold time 3V " maximum hold time Analogue sensitivity input. Range from 0 to 3V 0 V " minimum sensitivity 3V " maximum sensitivity Digital miscellaneous output. The function isprogrammable over the command set with the parameter S06. In the factory setting this output signals the direction ofavalid detection. Low " backward / receding movement High " forward / approaching move ment 6.00 0.1 0.75 0.1 This output is only valid toge ther with a high on pin2 (valid detection) except if it isconfigured as micro detec tion output. 2 3 4 Project Object XX YY XX YY Material Surface Tolerance State Drawing Nr. Prepared Reviewed 5 Pin 1 B C RFbeam Microwave Farbgutstrasse 3 9008 St. Gallen Switzerland Scale 2:1 Index Format A4 Blatt / Anz. 1 / 1 Plotdate: 31.05.2017 RFbeam Microwave GmbH
| Schuppisstrasse 7
| CH-9016 St. Gallen
| www.rfbeam.ch
| K-LD 2
| data sheet 02 / 2020 Revision C
| Page 5 / 25 T H E O R Y O F O P E R AT I O N Overview The K-LD2 takes advantage of an internal I/Q doppler signal processing by using a complex FFT ( Fast Fou-
rier Transform ). The main advantages of this proces-
sing compared to standard time domain processing solutions are the following:
Easy detection of the direction of a movement Increased detection range with better SNR duetotheFFT processing Efficient interference suppression Vibration suppression Figure 4: Signal processing anddetection workflow The signal processing unit samples the analogue I/Qdoppler signals of the RF frontend and calculates a complex FFT in real time. In a next step an adap-
tive noise measurement and interference suppression isdone which generates a threshold limit that can be adjusted with the sensitivity setting. Then the detection algorithm looks for a valid detection and latches itto the detection register and the digital outputs for the length of the hold time setting. Sampling & FFT calculation Threshold generation Detection algorithm I / Q channel Configurable sample rate 256 point complex FFT Adaptive noise measurement Interference suppression Depending on sensitivity setting Search for valid detection Direction, speed&magnitude calculation Latch detection for the length of the hold time setting With a powerful command set (See chapter Command Set Description) it is possible to configure the whole signal processing and detection workflow. This allows customisation of the K-LD2 to get thebest results in different environments and applications. RFbeam Microwave GmbH
| Schuppisstrasse 7
| CH-9016 St. Gallen
| www.rfbeam.ch
| K-LD 2
| data sheet 02 / 2020 Revision C
| Page 6 / 25 Sampling and FFT calculation The K-LD2 works with an internal I/Q doppler signal sampling and a computation of a 256 point wide com-
plex FFT. I/Q doppler signals are phase shifted by+ 90 or - 90 depending on the direction ofa movement in the front of the sensor. The signal processing unit samples the I/Q data with a configurable sampling rate (see parameter S04) and computes a complex FFT. The sampling rate is animportant parameter ofthesensor because itdirec-
tly estimates the speed resolution, the maximal speed, and the response time of the system. The response time is doubled if the FFT average feature (described below) is used. Figure 5: I/Q doppler signals of an approaching movement (left) and a receding movement (right) Table 2: Sampling rate vs. speed resolution vs. maximal speed vs. response time Parameter S04 Sample rate
[Hz]
Resolution
[Hz]
Max. frequency
[Hz]
Resolution
[km/h]
Max speed
[km/h]
Response time
[ms]
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0A 1280 2560 3840 5120 6400 7680 8960 10240 11520 12800 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 640 1280 1920 2560 3200 3840 4480 5120 5760 6400 0.11 0.22 0.34 0.45 0.56 0.67 0.78 0.89 1.01 1.12 14.3 28.6 43.0 57.3 71.6 85.9 100.2 114.5 128.9 143.2 200 / 400 100 / 200 67 / 134 50 / 100 40 / 80 33 / 66 29 / 58 25 / 50 22 / 44 20 / 40 The sampled I/Q doppler signals are transformed with a complex FFT into the frequency domain with 256 bins. Those signals appear either in the real (right) plane for an approaching move ment or in the imagi-
nary (left) plane for a receding movement. Thesignal in the centre is the DC offset caused by the amplifier and the analogue to digital conversion. To reduce random noise, the sensor features a FFT average option (see parameter S0A) which is enabled in the factory settings. It is an average over two FFT frames. RFbeam Microwave GmbH
| Schuppisstrasse 7
| CH-9016 St. Gallen
| www.rfbeam.ch
| K-LD 2
| data sheet 02 / 2020 Revision C
| Page 7 / 25 Figure 6: Doppler signals in the frequency domain, approaching Figure 7: Doppler signals in the frequency domain, receding RFbeam Microwave GmbH
| Schuppisstrasse 7
| CH-9016 St. Gallen
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| K-LD 2
| data sheet 02 / 2020 Revision C
| Page 8 / 25 Start up time During start up, the sensor calculates the mean over the number of FFT frames specified with the para-
meter start up learn. The start up time of the sensor depends on this parameter, the sampling frequency and theFFTsize. tStartup =
NFFT NValue of S05 Sample
256 NValue of S05 Sample Threshold generation The calculated mean during start up represents the noise floor of the sensor and is stored as spec-
trum average. During operation the spectrum average is adapted continuously. The speed of this adaption is configurable using the parameter threshold noise ad-
aption speed. This mechanism automatically adapts interferences that are present in both planes ofthe FFT. This adaptive spectrum average is used together with the parameter minimum threshold margin to genera-
te the minimum possible threshold level. This means that the threshold level for each bin cannot be smaller than the spectrum average + the minimum threshold margin setting and this is independent of the sensitivity setting. Adapted interferences are thus automatically filtered out in the threshold level and do not generate a detection. The noise floor of different sensors can vary. The sensitivity setting is referenced to the ground line in order to get an as constant as possible movement de-
tection over different sensors. The threshold level is defined as an addition of the parameter minimum threshold offset and the set sen-
sitivity setting for each bin (Further information about the adjustment of the sensitivity setting can be found in chapter Adjust Hold Time and Sensitivity). Figure 8: Minimum threshold level and interference adaption If the addition of the minimum threshold off-
set and the set sensitivity setting is smaller than the minimum threshold level (defined over the spectrum average and the parame-
ter minimum threshold margin), the threshold is set toitsminimum level. RFbeam Microwave GmbH
| Schuppisstrasse 7
| CH-9016 St. Gallen
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| K-LD 2
| data sheet 02 / 2020 Revision C
| Page 9 / 25 Reaction Time The reaction time of the sensor depends on different settings and can be calculated with the equation below when the FFT average feature is disabled. tReaction =
NFFT Sample
( Immunity + 1) =
256 Sample
( Immunity + 1) With the FFT average feature enabled (see parameter S0A) the equation changes to:
tReaction =
NFFT Sample
( Immunity + 1) 2 =
256 Sample
( Immunity + 1) 2 Detection algorithm The detection algorithm uses the following steps:
1. Scan the FFT spectrum for peaks with a magni-
tude higher than the set threshold level and with the direction to detect set with the parameter D03. 2. Check if the peak is a valid movement with the correct direction or if it is an interference. 3. Increase the immunity against interferences by checking if the movement is constant (see parame-
ter Immunity D02). 4. If there is a valid detection, estimate the speed binand magnitude. 5. Latch all the information to the detection register (see parameters R00, R01 & R02) andtothe digitaloutputs. 6. Decrease the hold time if there is no valid detection. 7. Reset the hold time if there is another valid detection. 8. Reset the detection register and the digital outputs if the hold time has elapsed. You can find more advanced configurati-
on options for the detection algorithm in the chapters Speed limitation and ranging, FFTfilter and Adjust hold time and sensitivity. RFbeam Microwave GmbH
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| CH-9016 St. Gallen
| www.rfbeam.ch
| K-LD 2
| data sheet 02 / 2020 Revision C
| Page 10 / 25 A P P L I C AT I O N I N F O R M AT I O N Stand-alone Operation Host driven Operation With the factory settings the sensor starts up and scans the beam for potential movements with a sampling rate of 2560Hz (app. 0.3 to 29.1 km/h). Itfil-
ters out interferences and looks for movements with a magnitude that is higher than the threshold level set with the sensitivity. If there is a valid movement the detection output
(Pin 2) goes high and the direction is latched to the miscellaneous output (Pin 8) for the length of the set hold time. The hold time (Pin 6) and the sensitivity (Pin 7) can be set using analogue inputs (for example with exter-
nal potentiometers) in the following ranges:
Hold time from 0.2 to 160s Sensitivity from 0 to 34dB (app. 2 to 20 m for wal-
king humans) With the factory settings the reaction time of the sen-
sor is approximately 800ms. The K-LD2 can also be factory configured with your settings. Contact RFbeam for more information. With a connection of the serial interface to a host (for example MCU or PC) it is possible to read-out advan-
ced detection data including speed and magnitude of a valid detection or to use some advanced features of the K-LD2 which are described in the next chapters. The detection output can be used to trigger a seri-
al read-out command over an interrupt. If there is no interrupt input, it is possible to poll the detection state register and then trigger the additional read-out com-
mands. Figure 9: MCU or PC connection example optional Detect out Misc. out TX RX Input or INT Input or INT RX TX Host K-LD2 The command set features different parameters to read-out additional detection data. Table 3: Useful commands to read-out advanced detection data Parameter Description Note R00 R01 R02 C00 Get detection state register Get detection speed in bin Get detection magnitude in dB Get detection string Includes detection, direction, speed range and micro detection information Only valid when the detection bit in the detection state register is high. Only valid when the detection bit in the detection state register is high. Complete set of data of the parameters R00 to R02 Speed measurement The speed of a detected object is returned in bin and can be easily converted into the doppler frequency with the sampling rate and the FFT width. The sample rate is adjustable over the command S04 and the FFT width is fixed to 256. Doppler = bin Sample NFFT
= bin Sample 256 The measured doppler frequency is proportional to the speed of the object when it is measured frontal to the sensor. An angle between the object and the sensor reduces the doppler frequency. The speed in km/h is easily computable with the equation below based on the doppler effect. Figure 10: FFT bin to speed conversion
moving object radar sensor v =
Doppler km/h 44.7 Hz cos()
bin Sample km/h 256 44.7 Hz cos() RFbeam Microwave GmbH
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| K-LD 2
| data sheet 02 / 2020 Revision C
| Page 11 / 25 Speed limitation and ranging The K-LD2 features the possibility to easily filter out slow and fast speeds by setting speed limits with the parameters D04 & D05 over the command set. The limits are independent of each other and can be used stand-alone. The whole FFT can also be divided into two speed ranges with the parameter D06. When the speed ran-
ge threshold is set, the detection algorithm decides in which speed range (high or low) the detection was Figure 11: Speed limitation and ranging overview found and latches it to the detection register or, if it is configured to signal the speed range (see parameter S06), to the miscellaneous output. The usage of the speed limits and the speed range threshold makes it very easy to divide objects into two speed classes Micro detection The micro detection is a feature to detect very slow speeds in short range applications. It takes advantage of an algorithm that analyses the DC bin of the FFT to detect very slow speeds. The micro detection is inde-
pendent from the normal detection algorithm and al-
ways enabled. If a slow movement generates a signal magnitude that is higher than the adjustable micro detection th-
reshold (see parameter D07) the micro detection flag in the detection register goes to high (see parameter R00). gives the host the possibility to directly trigger to a valid micro detection. Furthermore, it is possible to retrigger the detection algorithm over the micro detection feature (see para-
meter S0D). If this feature is enabled, the detection al-
gorithm first requires a valid detection and then, if there was a valid micro detection, it will retrigger the hold time. If the hold time has elapsed because there was no detection or micro detection, the detection goes to low and needs again a valid detection before the micro detection is used to retrigger the hold time. The algorithm computes the micro detection flag forevery sampled frame, independent of the hold timesetting. The miscellaneous output can be configured to si-
gnal the micro detection over the parameter S06. This The covered speed range that is analysed by themicrodetection feature depends on the sampling rate (see parameter S04), because the content oftheDC bin changes with the sampling rate. RFbeam Microwave GmbH
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| CH-9016 St. Gallen
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| K-LD 2
| data sheet 02 / 2020 Revision C
| Page 12 / 25 FFT filter The FFT filter feature can be used to filter out specific regions in the FFT spectrum. The FFT filter array (see parameters A20A27) consists of up to 8 indepen-
dent FFT filters. Further the width around these FFT filters can be specified with the parameter D08. For example: The commands $A20000A<CR>,
$A210032<CR> & $A220050<CR> define 3 FFT fil-
ters at thebin positions 10, 50&80. The command
$D0802<CR> setsthewidth aroundthe filters to 2. Figure 12: FFT filter and FFT filter width example This feature allows easy filtering out of un-
wanted constant movements like a ventilator. Please note that other movements with the same speed are also filtered out. RFbeam Microwave GmbH
| Schuppisstrasse 7
| CH-9016 St. Gallen
| www.rfbeam.ch
| K-LD 2
| data sheet 02 / 2020 Revision C
| Page 13 / 25 Adjust hold time and sensitivity The K-LD2 uses arrays with a width of 10 elements to set the range of hold time and sensitivity (see pa-
rameters A00A09 for hold time and parameters A10A19 for sensitivity). The used index of the arrays is defined using the parameters D00 and D01 or by theanalogue inputs, if these are enabled with the pa-
rameters S0B and S0C. Figure 13: Hold time and sensitivity block diagram In the factory settings these arrays are filled with de-
fault values that will work for the most applications.
(See Table Hold time array default values and Table Sensitivity array default values) It is possible to overwri-
te these arrays to generate your own sensitivity or hold time curves. S0C S0B hold time array
(A00A09) array value 09 index sensitivity array
(A10A19) array value 09 index hold time Detection Algorithm sensitivity analogue hold time input hold time setting (D00) analogue sensitivity input sensitivity setting (D01) Serial Interface The K-LD2 features a serial interface with a command set to configure the sensor and read-out measured data. The interface is an ASCII based 3.3V asynchro-
nous UART with the following settings:
Baud rate 38400 bps 8 data bits 1 stop bit no parity, no handshake This interface and the complete command set is sup-
ported by the K-LD2 Control Panel, which is included in the K-LD2-EVAL evaluation kit. It is possible to connect the K-LD2 directly with an USB to UART cable with +3.3V TTL level signals. For ex ample the TTL-232R-
3V3 from FTDI can directly be connected to the pins 1 to 6 of the K-LD2 to power it and get access to the serial interface over a stan-
dard terminal program. RFbeam Microwave GmbH
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| CH-9016 St. Gallen
| www.rfbeam.ch
| K-LD 2
| data sheet 02 / 2020 Revision C
| Page 14 / 25 C O M M A N D S E T D E S C R I P T I O N Command Classes The command set is divided into different classes. Every class contains a set of parameters. Table 4: Command classes Parameter Type Cmd Class Volatile Purpose System parameters Detection parameters Array parameters Flash read parameters Real-time read parameters Basic write parameters Complex read parameters Testing parameters S D A F R W C T Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No System relevant parameters to configure the sampling and interference suppression Specific parameters to configure the detection algorithm System specific tables Read only parameters Real-time system and detection information Basic write parameters to configure the system Advanced read-out parameters Parameters to test the hardware Command Format Error messages The K-LD2 responds with a message from the table below ifanerror has occurred. Table 7: Error messages Error message
@E01<CR><LF>
@E02<CR><LF>
@E03<CR><LF>
@E04<CR><LF>
@E05<CR><LF>
@E06<CR><LF>
Description Value out of limits Parameter number does not exist Command class does not exist Writing to EEPROM error Command format error UART communication error Every command is ASCII coded and needs to be sent over the serial interface by a host CPU or an ASCII terminal program. Every request needs to start with the prefix $ and ends with a <CR> (0x0D in Hex). The K-LD2 always answers with @ as a prefix excluding the command class C. Table 5: Command format
P Prefix Command class NN Parameter number (Hex) VV[VV]
Value (Hex) 8 or16Bit wide
<CR>
Enter Table 6: request / response example Example request
$S06<CR>
$S0602<CR>
K-LD2 response
@S0601<CR><LF>
@S0602<CR><LF>
Comment Get actual value Set new value RFbeam Microwave GmbH
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| K-LD 2
| data sheet 02 / 2020 Revision C
| Page 15 / 25 Command List Table 8: Class S 8-Bit system parameters All values are in hexadecimal notation unless other-
wisenoted. Param. Default Min S04 S05 02 10 01 01 Max 0A Name Description Sampling rate Sampling rate = value*1280Hz Only valid after reset. 40 Start up learn Number of FFT blocks that are used to learn the noise threshold average at start up. 01: no average at start up, fastest start up time 40: best average at start up, slowest start up time Only valid after reset. S06 01 00 03 Function of miscella-
neous output Configurable functions of the miscellaneous output pin. The functions directly repre-
sent the detection register. Value 00 01 02 03 Function Detection Direction Range Micro detection Logic Low No detection Backward / receding Low speed range No detection Logic High Valid detection Forward / approaching High speed range Valid micro detection Detailed information about the functions can be found in the command description of the parameter R00. Defines the minimum threshold offset in dB with the ground line as reference. Defines the minimum margin between the noise average and the threshold curve. The speed of the noise average threshold adaption can be set with this parameter. The value defines after how many FFT blocks the noise threshold average is adapted again. FFT averaging flag to reduce random noise. 00: averaging off 01: averaging on Doubles the response and reaction time if enabled. Minimum thresholdoffset Minimum thresholdmargin Threshold noise adaption speed Use FFT average Use sensitivity potentiometer Use hold time poten-
tiometer Use micro detection for retriggering Flag to enable the usage of the analogue input for the sensitivity. 00: use digital sensitivity setting of parameter D01 01: use potentiometer input for sensitivity setting Flag to enable the usage of the analogue input for the hold time. 00: use digital hold time setting of parameter D00 01: use potentiometer input for hold time setting Flag to enable the usage of the micro detection to retrigger the detection algorithm. 00: micro detection retriggering disabled 01: micro detection retriggering enabled S07 S08 S09 S0A S0B S0C S0D 1E 0A 0A 01 01 01 00 14 01 00 00 00 00 00 50 30 FF 01 01 01 01 RFbeam Microwave GmbH
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| K-LD 2
| data sheet 02 / 2020 Revision C
| Page 16 / 25 Table 9: Class D 8-Bit detection parameters Param. Default Min D00 01 00 Max 09 Name Hold time D01 07 00 09 Sensitivity D02 03 00 10 Immunity D03 02 00 02 Direction to detect D04 00 00 7F Low speed limit D05 00 00 7F High speed limit D06 00 00 7F Speed range threshold D07 D08 06 02 05 00 09 0A Micro detection threshold FFT filter width Table 10: Class A 16-Bit array parameters Description Index value to select an element of the hold time array defined with the parameters A00 A09. This value has no effect if the parameter use hold time potentiometer S0C isenabled. Index value to select an element of the sensitivity array defined with the parameters A10A19. This value has no effect if the parameter use sensitivity potentiometer S0D isenabled. Value to change the immunity against interferences like vibrations. 00: minimum immunity 10: maximum immunity Immunity increases the reaction time of the sensor. Defines which direction is detected in the detection algorithm. 00: only forward (approaching) 01: only backward (receding) 02: both directions Can be used to define a low speed limit in bin for the detection algorithm to filter out slow speeds. 00: inactive 017F: All speeds below this bin are filtered out Can be used to define a high speed limit in bin for the detection algorithm to filter out fast speeds. 00: inactive 017F: All speeds above this bin are filtered out Function to divide the spectrum in a high and a low speed range. Triggers the range flag in the detection register R00. 00: inactive 017F: threshold in bin for the low and high speed range Function to set the threshold of the micro detection feature. 05: minimum threshold 09: maximum threshold Defines the width in bin that is filtered out around a specified filter in the FFT filter array defined with the parameters A20A27. Param. Default Min A00 A09 See table below 0000 Max FFFF Name Description Hold time array A10 A19 See table below 0000 00FF Sensitivity array A20 A27 0 0000 007F FFT filter array Table 11: Hold time array default values Param. Value [Hex]
Value [s]
A00 0002 0.2 A01 0005 0.5 A02 000A 1 Table 12: Sensitivity array default values Param. Value [Hex]
Value [dB]
A10 0022 34 A11 001C 28 A12 0016 22 A03 0014 2 A13 0012 18 10 elements wide hold time array in 100 ms, addressed by parameter D00. 0000: minimum hold time 0002: 2*100 ms " 0.2 s hold time FFFF: maximum hold time 10 elements wide sensitivity array in dB, addressed by parameter D01. 0000: maximum sensitivity 000A: 10 dB sensitivity 00FF: minimum sensitivity FFT filter array in bin to define up to 8 different FFT filters with a width defined by parameter D08. 0000: FFT filter inactive 0001007F: FFT filter position in bin A04 0032 5 A14 000E 14 A05 0064 10 A15 000A 10 A06 00C8 20 A16 0006 6 A07 0190 40 A17 0004 4 A08 0320 80 A18 0002 2 A08 0640 160 A19 0000 0 RFbeam Microwave GmbH
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| K-LD 2
| data sheet 02 / 2020 Revision C
| Page 17 / 25 Table 13: Class F 16-Bit flash read parameters Param. Default Min Max FFFF Name Description Get software version Returns the firmware version of the sensor as a 16-Bit hex value. 0000 0000 FFFF Get type of device For example: @F000078<CR><LF> " 120 " Version 01.20 Returns the type of the device, that the firmware is running on. 0001: K-LD2 F00 F01 Table 14: Class R 8-Bit real-time read parameters Param. Default Min R00 00 Max 0F Name Description Get detection register Returns the detection register with the content below. Bit 0 Name Det 1 2 3 Dir Range Micro Description Signals a valid detection. 0: no detection 1: valid detection Signals the direction of the detection. 0: backward / receding movement detected 1: forward / approaching movement detected Only valid if Bit 0 is high. Signals the speed range of the detection depen-
ding on the speed threshold parameter D06. 0: low speed range detected 1: high speed range detected Only valid if the speed range threshold is > 0 and if Bit 0 is high. Signals a micro detection found in the DC bin ofthe FFT. 0: no micro detection 1: valid micro detection R01 R02 R03 R04 R05 R06 00 00 00 00 00 00 FF FF FF 02 09 09 Get detection speed Returns the speed in bin of the last valid detection. Get detection mag-
nitude Get noise level Get operation state Get hold time poten-
tiometer index Get sensitivity poten-
tiometer index Only valid if the bit 0 in the detection register R00 is high. Returns the magnitude in dB of the last valid detection. Only valid if the bit 0 in the detection register R00 is high. Returns the mean noise level value in dB. Returns the operation state of the sensor. Can be used at start up to check if the sensor is ready. 00: start up 01: learn 02: run Returns the current hold time potentiometer index. 00: 0V at the analogue input 09: 3V at the analogue input Returns the current sensitivity potentiometer index. 00: 0V at the analogue input 09: 3V at the analogue input Table 15: Class W 8-Bit basic write parameters Param. Default Min Max Name Description W00 W01 Reset processor Generates a software reset. Check the operation state after the reset with the parameter R04. Restore factory settings Restores the default factory settings for all parameters. Check the operation state after the restore with the parameter R04. W02 00 00 01 Set UART baud rate Sets the baud rate of the serial UART interface. 00: 38400 bps 01: 460800 bps This parameter is not stored. After a reset or restart the baud rate is set to 38400 bps. RFbeam Microwave GmbH
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| K-LD 2
| data sheet 02 / 2020 Revision C
| Page 18 / 25 Table 16: Class C variable length complex read parameters Param. Default Min Max Name Description Length Get detection string Returns the detection register, the detection speed and the detection magnitu-
14 bytes C00 C01 C02 C03 C04 Get target string Get EEPROM hexstring Get FFT spectrum +
threshold level Get ADC I/Q data+
FFT spectrum +
threshold level C05 Get C04 +
additional parameters C06 Get C05 +
spectrum average de as an ASCII string in decimal format. Example response: 001;076;067;
Returns an ASCII target list string in decimal format. It returns the speed and magnitude of the dominant movement for the forward and backward plane of the spectrum. Target string structure:
Forward speed in bin +
Backward speed in bin +
Forward magnitude in dB +
Backward magnitude in dB Example response:
000;000;000;000; " no target found 076;000;045;000; " forward target found 000;076;000;045; " backward target found 020;076;031;045; " two targets found Returns the full 512 EEPROM bytes as an ASCII string in the Intel hex format. 18 bytes 2893 bytes Returns the FFT spectrum and the threshold level in a binary format. 1024 bytes Description FFT spectrum Threshold level Datatype UINT16 *
UINT16 *
Length 512 bytes 512 bytes Returns the ADC I/Q data, the FFT spectrum and the threshold level ina binary format. 2048 bytes Description ADC I data ADC Q data FFT spectrum Threshold level Datatype INT16 *
INT16 *
UINT16 *
UINT16 *
Length 512 bytes 512 bytes 512 bytes 512 bytes Returns the values of C04 and additional parameters in a binary format. 2070 bytes Description ADC I data ADC Q data FFT spectrum Threshold level Detection register Detection speed Detection magnitude Target string Noise level mean Operation state Index of hold time potentiometer Index of sensitivity potentiometer Datatype INT16 *
INT16 *
UINT16 *
UINT16 *
UINT8 UINT8 UINT8 ASCII string UINT8 UINT8 UINT8 Length 512 bytes 512 bytes 512 bytes 512 bytes 1 byte 1 byte 1 byte 15 bytes 1 byte 1 byte 1 byte UINT8 1 byte Returns the values of C05 and the spectrum average in a binary format. 2582 bytes Description ADC I data ADC Q data FFT spectrum Threshold level Detection register Detection speed Detection magnitude Target string Noise level mean Operation state Index of hold time potentiometer Index of sensitivity potentiometer Spectrum average Datatype INT16 *
INT16 *
UINT16 *
UINT16 *
UINT8 UINT8 UINT8 ASCII string UINT8 UINT8 UINT8 Length 512 bytes 512 bytes 512 bytes 512 bytes 1 byte 1 byte 1 byte 15 bytes 1 byte 1 byte 1 byte UINT8 1 byte UINT16 *
512 bytes RFbeam Microwave GmbH
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| K-LD 2
| data sheet 02 / 2020 Revision C
| Page 19 / 25
* 16 bit wide datatypes are sent with the high byte first. Table 17: Class T 8-Bit testing parameters Param. Default Min T00 00 00 Max 01 Name Description Activate testing mode Activates the testing mode. 00: Testing mode disabled 01: Testing mode enabled This parameter is not stored. After a reset or restart it is reset tothevalue 00. T01 T02 00 00 01 01 Force detection output Force miscellaneous output Controls the detection output, if the testing mode T00 is enabled 00: force to low 01: force to high Controls the miscellaneous output, if the testing mode T00 is enabled 00: force to low 01: force to high RFbeam Microwave GmbH
| Schuppisstrasse 7
| CH-9016 St. Gallen
| www.rfbeam.ch
| K-LD 2
| data sheet 02 / 2020 Revision C
| Page 20 / 25 I N T E G R AT O R S I N F O R M AT I O N Installation Instruction Mechanical enclosure It is possible to hide the sensor behind a so called ra-
dome (short for radar dome) to protect it from environ-
mental influences or to simply integrate it in the case of the end product. A radar sensor can see trough diffe-
rent types of plastic and glass of any colour as long as it is not metallized. This allows for a very flexible design of the housing as long as the rules below are observed. Cover must not be metallic. No plastic coating with colors containing metallic or carbon particles. Distance between cover and front of Radar sensor 6.2 mm Best cover material is Polycarbonat or ABS Best cover thickness is 3 4 mm Vibrations of the Radar antenna relatively to the cover should be avoided, because this generates signals that can trigger the output The cover material can act as a lens and focus or disperse the transmitted waves. Use a constant material thickness within the area used for trans-
mission to minimize the effect of the radome to the radiated antenna pattern. Detailed information about the calculati-
on and thickness for different cover mate-
rials can be found in the application note AN-03-Radome. RFbeam Microwave GmbH
| Schuppisstrasse 7
| CH-9016 St. Gallen
| www.rfbeam.ch
| K-LD 2
| data sheet 02 / 2020 Revision C
| Page 21 / 25 United States (FCC) and Canada(ISED) Modification to this product will void the users authority to operate this equipment. The OEM integrator is responsible for the fi-
nal compliance of the end product with this integrated modular approved transmitter module. This includes measurements with the RF module integrated and activated as defined in KDB 996369 and if applicable appropriate equipment authorizations as de-
fined in 15.101. RF Exposure This module is approved for installation into fixed and/
or mobile host platforms and must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter except in accordance with FCC/ISED mul-
ti-transmitter guidelines. End users must be provided with transmitter operating conditions for satisfying RF Exposure compliance. This module has been granted modular approval for fixed and/or mobile applications. The modular appro-
val allows the end user to integrate the module into a finished product without obtaining subsequent and separate FCC/ISED approvals for intentional radiation, provided no changes or modifications are made to the module circuitry. Changes or modifications could void the users authority to operate the equipment. The end user must comply with all of the instructions provided by the Grantee, which indicate installation and/or operating conditions necessary for complian-
ce. The finished product is required to comply with all applicable FCC/ISED equipment authorizations regulations, requirements and equipment functions not associated with the transmitter module portion. Labelling and user information requirements If the label of the module is not visible from the outs-
ide of the end product, it must include the following texts on the label of the host product:
FCC Contains FCC ID: 2ASYV-K-LD2 ISED Contains IC: 24358-KLD2 In addition to marking the product with the appro-
priate IDs, the end product shall bear the following statement in a conspicuous location on the label or alternatively in the user manual:
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules and with Industry Canada licence-exempt RSS standard(s). Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must ac-
cept any interference received, including interferen-
ce that may cause undesired operation. Le prsent appareil est conforme aux CNR d'In-
dustrie Canada applicables aux appareils radio exempts de licence. L'exploitation est autorise aux deux conditions suivantes: (1) l'appareil ne doit pas produire de brouillage, et (2) l'appareil doit accepter tout brouillage radiolectrique subi, mme si le brouillage est susceptible d'en compromettre le fonctionnement. RFbeam Microwave GmbH
| Schuppisstrasse 7
| CH-9016 St. Gallen
| www.rfbeam.ch
| K-LD 2
| data sheet 02 / 2020 Revision C
| Page 22 / 25 An OEM integrator can show compliance to article 3.1(a) and 3.1(b) for the final product by doing internal or external tests and following the Module A (Annex II of the RED) assessment procedure. To show com-
pliance against article 3.2 it is possible to reuse the assessment of the K-LD2 as long as it is the only ra-
dio module in the final product or if the integrator can guarantee that only one radio module is operating at the same time. Test reports of the K-LD2 are available on request. The ETSI guide EG 203 367 provides de-
tailed guidance on the application of harmo-
nized standards to multi-radio and combined equipment to demonstrate conformity. RF Exposure Information (MPE) This device has been tested and meets applicable limits for Radio Frequency (RF) exposure. A detailed calculation to show compliance to the RED Article 3.1(a) is available on request. Simplified DoC Statement Hereby, RFbeam Microwave GmbH declares that the radio equipment type K-LD2 is in compliance with Directive 2014/53/EU. The declaration of conformity may be consulted at www.rfbeam.ch. Europe (CE-RED) This module is a Radio Equipment Directive assessed radio module that is CE complaint and have been manufactured and tested with the intention of being integrated into a final product. According to the RED every final product that inclu-
des a radio module is also a radio product which falls under the scope of the RED. This means that OEM and host manufacturers are ultimately responsible for the compliance of the host and the module. The final product must be reassessed against all of the essenti-
al requirements of the RED before it can be placed on the EU market. This includes reassessing the module for compliance against the following RED articles:
Article 3.1( a ) : Health and safety Article 3.1( b ) : Electromagnetic compatibility ( EMC ) Efficient use of radio spectrum ( RF ) Article 3.2 :
The RED knows different conformity assessment procedures to show compliance against the essential requirements (See RED Guide, chapter 2.6b). As long as the radio module can show compliance to Article 3.2 by the use of a harmonized standard, which is listed in the official journal of the EU (OJEU), it is not necessary to do an EU type examination for the final radio product by a notified body. In this case it is possible to demonstrate conformity according to the essential requirements of the RED by using Module A
(Annex II of the RED), which allows to show conformi-
ty by internal production control. As long as a harmonized standard listed in the OJEU can be used to demonstrate con-
formity in accordance with Article 3.2 of the RED, it is possible to carry out the CE certi-
fication in self-declaration without the invol-
vement of a notified body. The K-LD2 shows compliance against the Article 3.2 by the use of the standard EN 300 440 which is a harmonized standard listed in the OJEU, what gives the possibility to show conformity by internal produc-
tion control. RFbeam Microwave GmbH
| Schuppisstrasse 7
| CH-9016 St. Gallen
| www.rfbeam.ch
| K-LD 2
| data sheet 02 / 2020 Revision C
| Page 23 / 25 Dieses Dokument ist unser geistiges Eigentum. Es darf ohne unsere ausdrckliche Genehmigung weder kopiert, vervielfltigt oder verwertet, noch an Dritte weitergegeben werden. Zuwiderhandlung ist strafbar und wird strafrechtlich verfolgt. Copyright reserved! RFbeam Microwave 1 O U T L I N E D I M E N S I O N S 2 3 4 We reserve all rights in this document and its subject matter. The recipient herby acknowledges these rights and assures the use of this document only for the purpose it was delivered. RFbeam Microwave 5 6 A B C D Figure 14: Outline dimensions in millimeter 3.61 2.40 0 9 0 6
. 3 1 25.00 0.1 7x2.54 2.55 0.15 8.64 0.25 2.30 0.15 Pin 1 Pin 1 1
. 0 0 0
. 5 2 1
. 0 0 2
. 0 2 20.20 0.1 6.00 0.1 0.75 0.1 O R D E R I N F O R M AT I O N The ordering number consists of different parts with the structurebelow. Figure 15: Ordering number structure Product 1
= K-LD2 Customer 2 HW variant 3 Supply 4
= RFB for standard products
= 00 for standard variant
= H for 3.3V 5V version Project Object XX YY XX YY Material Surface Tolerance State Drawing Nr. Prepared Reviewed 5 RFbeam Microwave Farbgutstrasse 3 9008 St. Gallen Switzerland Scale 2:1 Format A4 Blatt / Anz. 1 / 1 Plotdate: 31.05.2017 Index SW variant
= 02 for standard variant Table 18: Available ordering numbers Ordering number Description K-LD2-RFB-00H-02 K-LD2-EVAL-RFB-01H Standard K-LD2 with default configuration, without PC software Standard K-LD2 evaluation kit with powerful PC software It is possible to order K-LD2 sensors with apreprogramed custom configuration. Con-
tact RFbeam Microwave for more informa-
tion. RFbeam Microwave GmbH
| Schuppisstrasse 7
| CH-9016 St. Gallen
| www.rfbeam.ch
| K-LD 2
| data sheet 02 / 2020 Revision C
| Page 24 / 25 R E V I S I O N H I S T O R Y 06/2017 Revision A: Initial Version 09/2018 Revision B: Changes to Figure 2: Antenna characteristic Changes to Figure 15: Ordering number structure Changes to Table 18: Available ordering numbers Added Table of Contents and changed the title format 02 / 2020 Revision C: Changed Supply current to RMS and peak current Added relative humidity to the operating conditions Changed the frequency drift and typical output power Added ESD level information Added new chapter integrators information RFbeam does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and RFbeam reserves the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications. RFbeam Microwave GmbH
| Schuppisstrasse 7
| CH-9016 St. Gallen
| www.rfbeam.ch
| K-LD 2
| data sheet 02 / 2020 Revision C
| Page 25 / 25
frequency | equipment class | purpose | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2020-02-19 | 24125 ~ 24125 | FDS - Part 15 Field Disturbance Sensor | Original Equipment |
app s | Applicant Information | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Effective |
2020-02-19
|
||||
1 | Applicant's complete, legal business name |
RFbeam Microwave GmbH
|
||||
1 | FCC Registration Number (FRN) |
0028389823
|
||||
1 | Physical Address |
Schuppisstrasse 7
|
||||
1 |
St. Gallen, N/A
|
|||||
1 |
Switzerland
|
|||||
app s | TCB Information | |||||
1 | TCB Application Email Address |
b******@phoenix-testlab.de
|
||||
1 | TCB Scope |
A2: Low Power Transmitters (except Spread Spectrum) and radar detectors operating above 1 GHz
|
||||
app s | FCC ID | |||||
1 | Grantee Code |
2ASYV
|
||||
1 | Equipment Product Code |
K-LD2
|
||||
app s | Person at the applicant's address to receive grant or for contact | |||||
1 | Name |
L******** A********
|
||||
1 | Telephone Number |
+4171********
|
||||
1 | Fax Number |
+4171********
|
||||
1 |
o******@rfbeam.ch
|
|||||
app s | Technical Contact | |||||
n/a | ||||||
app s | Non Technical Contact | |||||
n/a | ||||||
app s | Confidentiality (long or short term) | |||||
1 | Does this application include a request for confidentiality for any portion(s) of the data contained in this application pursuant to 47 CFR § 0.459 of the Commission Rules?: | Yes | ||||
1 | Long-Term Confidentiality Does this application include a request for confidentiality for any portion(s) of the data contained in this application pursuant to 47 CFR § 0.459 of the Commission Rules?: | Yes | ||||
1 | If so, specify the short-term confidentiality release date (MM/DD/YYYY format) | 06/13/2020 | ||||
if no date is supplied, the release date will be set to 45 calendar days past the date of grant. | ||||||
app s | Cognitive Radio & Software Defined Radio, Class, etc | |||||
1 | Is this application for software defined/cognitive radio authorization? | No | ||||
1 | Equipment Class | FDS - Part 15 Field Disturbance Sensor | ||||
1 | Description of product as it is marketed: (NOTE: This text will appear below the equipment class on the grant) | 24GHz digital radar transceiver | ||||
1 | Related OET KnowledgeDataBase Inquiry: Is there a KDB inquiry associated with this application? | No | ||||
1 | Modular Equipment Type | Single Modular Approval | ||||
1 | Purpose / Application is for | Original Equipment | ||||
1 | Composite Equipment: Is the equipment in this application a composite device subject to an additional equipment authorization? | No | ||||
1 | Related Equipment: Is the equipment in this application part of a system that operates with, or is marketed with, another device that requires an equipment authorization? | No | ||||
1 | Is there an equipment authorization waiver associated with this application? | No | ||||
1 | If there is an equipment authorization waiver associated with this application, has the associated waiver been approved and all information uploaded? | No | ||||
app s | Test Firm Name and Contact Information | |||||
1 | Firm Name |
PHOENIX TESTLAB GmbH
|
||||
1 | Name |
H**** B******
|
||||
1 | Telephone Number |
49-52********
|
||||
1 | Fax Number |
49-52********
|
||||
1 |
o******@phoenix-testlab.de
|
|||||
Equipment Specifications | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Line | Rule Parts | Grant Notes | Lower Frequency | Upper Frequency | Power Output | Tolerance | Emission Designator | Microprocessor Number | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1 | 1 | 15.245 | 24125.00000000 | 24125.00000000 |
some individual PII (Personally Identifiable Information) available on the public forms may be redacted, original source may include additional details
This product uses the FCC Data API but is not endorsed or certified by the FCC