FCC ID: KA336WAN2 SkyWay Max

SkyWay-MAX Subscriber Station Installation Guide DOCS-1024 v1.0 1. Before You Begin a. Precautions Solectek shall not be responsible for any operation of this product which is in violation of local law, creates interference harmful to other local devices, or results in a malfunction of this product caused by outside interference. This device must be professionally installed and used in strict accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. However, there is no guarantee that interference to radio communications will not occur in a particular commercial installation. In case the device does cause harmful interference with an authorized radio service, the user/ operator shall promptly stop operating the device until harmful interference has been limited. Solectek Corporation is not responsible for any radio or television interference caused by unauthorized modification of this device or the substitution or attachment of connecting cables and equipment other than specified by Solectek Corporation. The correction of interference caused by such unauthorized modification, substitution, or attachment will be the responsibility of the user. Solectek shall not be liable for damages associated with the installation and use of this product, including but not limited to personal or property damage, business losses or infringement of local or national laws. b. Package contents Included with the SkyWay-MAX Subscriber Station Unit is the following:

100-240 VAC Power over Ethernet module Subscriber Station Unit Chassis Power Cord (bulked packed separately) Installation Kit, including:

o Mounting foot o Mounting knuckle o bolts, 2 o o o o nuts, 2 o flat washers, 4 split washers, 4 inside tooth washers, 2 screw-band clamps, 2 Verify that all included items are present before attempting to install the unit. 2. Mounting Procedure a. Mounting Location - Considerations The integrated panel antenna on the Subscriber Station (SS) is directional, so the unit must be aimed directly towards the Base Station (BSU) signal. Identify a location on a wall or pole (preferably outdoors) that faces the BSU. The SS is housed within a weatherized, outdoor-grade plastic enclosure;

however, it should be mounted in a location where it will not be subjected to gutter overflow or other excessive moisture. Likewise, the SS should not be mounted near electric conduit or other source of electromagnetic interference (EMI), such as a ballast for a fluorescent light fixture. For best performance, however, orient the unit so that the signal path to the BSU is as free from obstructions as possible. b. Assembling the mounting bracket The SS mounting bracket is designed so that the unit can be mounted on a wall or on a vertical mast. If the unit is to be mast mounted, the pivoting knuckle is not recommended. A. Mounting the SS to a wall A.Attach the pivot knuckle to unit. 1.Place the inside tooth washer on the molded flange. 2.Thread the bolt through the pivot knuckle and attach washers and nut. NOTE: Do not overtighten the nut it should be snug enough to keep the unit steady but allow the position to be adjusted. B.Attach the bracket to the wall. 1.Mount the bracket with the slots oriented horizontally. 2.Place the inside tooth washer on the pivot knuckle and attach to bracket. NOTE: Orient the unit with the weather cap at the bottom and do not overtighten the nut it should be snug enough to keep the unit steady but allow the position to be adjusted. B. Mounting the SS to a mast 1. Attach the bracket to a vertical mast. i. Orient the slots to be parallel with the pole. ii. Thread the screw-bands through the slots, around the pole, and back through the slots:

NOTE: do not overtighten the bands they should be snug enough to keep the unit steady but allow the position to be adjusted. iii. Place the inside tooth washer on the molded flange. iv. Thread the bolt through the bracket and attach washers and nut. NOTE: Do not overtighten the nut it should be snug enough to keep the unit steady but allow the position to be adjusted. c. Connecting the unit to power and customer network Using the supplied power cord, connect the power adapter to AC power. WARNING: The power adapter is not rated for outdoor use. Connect a shielded twisted pair (STP, Category 5 or better) cable to the connector marked OUT on the adapter. This cable will deliver both power and network access to the unit it should be long enough to reach the SS in its permanent location. The power is carried on the unused Cat5 signal lines (pins 4,5,7,8). Be sure these lines are correctly connected This STP cable run shall not exceed 90m. The total Cat5 (indoor + outdoor) length between the SS and Client switch/gateway shall not exceed 100m. In In Out Out PoE PoE VAC VAC to SS to SS Injector Injector Cat5 /

Cat5 /

STP STP 100-240 100-240 PoE PoE Injector Injector NOTE: the unit will power up immediately when connected. To power the unit off, remove the cable. There is no power switch on either the SS or the power adapter. Attach the customer network to the connector marked IN. to client switch /

to client switch /

gateway gateway Cat5 Cat5 d. The operations panel The SS is an integrated radio transceiver/Ethernet bridge that receives power and network access from a single RJ-45 port. Remove the weather cap to reveal this port and the unit's operations panel. 1. RJ45: connects the unit to the included Power over Ethernet module 2. RST: recessed reset switch use a paper clip or other narrow tool to reset the unit. 3. SIGNAL: displays the alignment index or received signal strength, depending on mode. See Signal LEDs below 4. NET: Illuminates when an Ethernet link has been established. Flashes during Ethernet network activity. 5. PWR: Illuminates when the unit is powered. Note: the unit will always be on when connected to a power source. e. Signal LEDs The SS Signal LEDs operate in two different modes: Alignment Mode and RSSI mode. The Alignment Mode is used to optimize the alignment of the SS antenna with respect to the BSU. The RSSI mode is used as an absolute indication of received signal strength. Note: In both the Alignment and RSSI modes, the Signal LEDs will blink if there is no RF connection to the BS, and will remain solid once an RF link has been established. When the SS is powered up, it will automatically enter Alignment Mode. Operation is as follows:

1. Connect the STP cable to the RJ45 jack. 2. When the LED in the middle of the SIGNAL bar lights, antenna alignment can start. 3. Slowly move the unit right and left, watching the LEDs on the SIGNAL bar. When all 5 LEDs light, the unit is optimally aligned in the horizontal direction. 4. Next, sweep the unit up and down. When all 5 LEDs are lit, the unit is fully aligned. After 5 minutes of unit ON time, the SS will light the LEDs in a running sequence, indicating that the unit is transitioning from Alignment mode to RSSI mode. In RSSI mode, the absolute signal strength is indicated by number of LEDs that light, according to the following table:

Number of LEDs on RSSI value 1 2 3 4 5

< -81 dBm

< -77 dBm

< -69 dBm

< -53 dBm

-53 dBm The Alignment mode can be restarted at any time by removing the STP cable, waiting five seconds, and then connecting the cable back to the RJ45 jack. Once Antenna Alignment is complete, secure all fasteners, insert the STP cable into the cable guide and replace the weather cap. 3. Pre-configuration To simplify initial BSU and SS installation, all SS units are shipped in an open access mode. This allows any SS to quickly connect to any BSU and begin the service provisioning process. In order to maximize performance and security, the SS unit can also be pre-configured prior to deployment. Using the SkyWay MAX Manager application running on a local PC or laptop, the SS Configuration can be reviewed and modified. Please refer to the SkyWay MAX Operators Guide for more information on this topic. 4. Troubleshooting Some common installation problems and possible causes:

Symptom Pwr LED does not light

<5 LEDs during antenna alignment

<3 RSSI mode LEDs No RF connection to BSU Suggested Checks, or Possible Causes

(a) verify indoor PoE Injector connections (b) verify Cat5 cable integrity and proper construction

(a) SS not swept through full range of horizontal and vertical positions

(a) Link range too long (b) Link is obstructed (c) BSU power not set high enough

(a) Link range too long (b) Link is obstructed (c) BSU power not set high enough (d) Additional SS pre-

configuration required to match BSU settings 5. Regulatory Information This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provided reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense. Warning: Changes or modifications not expressly approved by Solectek could void the users authority to operate the equipment. Warning: This product contains no user servicable parts and must be professionally installed. RF Exposure Requirements: To satisfy FCC RF exposure requirements for mobile transmitting devices, a separation distance of 20 cm or more should be maintained between the antenna of this device and persons during device operation. To ensure compliance, operations at closer than this distance is not recommended. The antenna used for this transmitter must not be co-located in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter

SkyWay-MAX w w w . s o l e c t e k . c o m SkyWay-MAX Operators Guide DOCS-1026 v1.0 Copyright 2007-2008 Solectek Corporation SkyWay-MAX 1 Operators Guide i. About this Guide Congratulations on the purchase of your Solectek SkyWay MAX Wireless System This document has been supplied to assist with the turn up, commissioning and long term management of a SkyWay MAX wireless system. The following Solectek Models are covered herein:

Outdoor Base Stations ODB-3335 ODB-3436 ODB-3638 Indoor Controllers IC-100 Outdoor Subscriber Stations ODS-3335 ODS-3436 ODS-3638 This document is divided into two sections. First, the document will walk through a typical network turn-up and commissioning sequence covering product configuration, pre-provisioning, installation and verification. Second, the document will review the detailed and advanced usage of the SkyWay MAX system to allow system tuning, long term management and network scalability. This document does not cover the physical installation of the SkyWay MAX devices. This information is presented in the following documents, available from your local reseller or directly from Solectek:

DOCS-1023: SkyWay MAX Outdoor Base Station - Installation Guide DOCS-1024: SkyWay MAX Outdoor Subscriber - Installation Guide DOCS-1025: SkyWay MAX Indoor Base Station Controller - Installation Guide Similarly, this document does not cover the detailed planning processes required in developing a high-

performance, scalable WiMAX network. Topics such as Network Planning, Frequency Planning/Reuse, RF coverage and QoS modeling are outside the scope of this document. Customers interested in additional information on these topics should contact Solecteks System Engineering group for further information. ii. Legal Rights The material contained herein is owned by Solectek. No disclosure thereof shall be made to third parties without the express written permission of Solectek Corporation. Solectek Corporation reserves the right to alter the equipment specifications and descriptions in this publication without prior notice. No part of this publication shall be deemed to be part of any contract or warranty unless specifically incorporated by reference into such contract or warranty. Solectek shall not be responsible for any operation of this product which is in violation of local law, creates interference harmful to other local devices, or results in a malfunction of this product caused by outside interference. SkyWay-MAX 2 Operators Guide This device must be professionally installed and used in strict accordance with the manufacturers instructions. However, there is no guarantee that interference to radio communications will not occur in a particular commercial installation. In case the device does cause harmful interference with an authorized radio service, the user/ operator shall promptly stop operating the device until harmful interference has been limited. Solectek Corporation is not responsible for any radio or television interference caused by unauthorized modification of this device or the substitution or attachment of connecting cables and equipment other than specified by Solectek Corporation. The correction of interference caused by such unauthorized modification, substitution, or attachment will be the responsibility of the user. Solectek shall not be liable for damages associated with the installation and use of this product, including but not limited to personal or property damage, business losses or infringement of local or national laws. SkyWay-MAX 3 Operators Guide Contents I. Quick Launch 5 5 A. Minimum System Information B. Assumptions 5 C. SkyWay MAX Manager Installation / Launch D. Base Station Turn-up 6 E. Subscriber pre-provisioning 6 F. Network Entry Process 7 G. Getting traffic started 7 H. Basic Monitoring 8 5 II. Network Entry 9 9 10 A. RF Settings B. Security C. Open Mode vs Pre-provisioning D. Network Entry Completion 11 12 III. Services 12 A. Primer B. Administrative and User Services C. Unicast and Multicast Services D. Service Classes 11 12 13 13 IV. Management Systems A. Manager Application 14 B. EMS System 14 C. SNMP 14 D. Telnet 14 E. Serial Console 14 V. Advanced Operation 15 A. Advanced RF 15 B. Multi Sector Operation 17 VI. Administration A. Notifications 17 14 16 SkyWay-MAX 4 Operators Guide 17 B. Event Logs C. Configuration Files D. Firmware upgrade E. Date/Time 19 F. Name/Location G. Diagnostic Tools 18 19 20 21 VII. Appendix A System Defaults 22 A. Default Configuration 22 B. Default Channel Plan File (3.4 3.6 GHz operation) 24 VIII. Appendix B Management Systems 26 A. Manager Application Expanded Navigation Bar 26 B. Telnet / Console Commands 26 IX. Appendix C Services - Advanced 27 A. Available Classifiers 27 B. QoS Scheduling Parameters 27 C. Recommended Service Class configurations 28 SkyWay-MAX 5 Operators Guide I. Quick Launch A. Minimum System Information A minimum set of information must be gathered during the system planning process prior to network turn-

up:

RF y y Sector channel for example: 3500 MHz Sector bandwidth for example: 3.5 MHz Network y y IP Settings Administrative Protocols this is the list of IP/Ethernet protocols which must be supported on the SkyWay MAX network to allow the transport of basic services to the subscriber-side network(s). Examples include: DHCP, ARP, and PPPoE. B. Assumptions With the information set developed in the previous section, a SkyWay MAX single sector system can be commissioned. However, it is important to understand that certain assumptions are being made and features disabled, as follows:

y y Security Admission control and encryption is open User Services Per Subscriber services are not defined. All User traffic is supported on a single, network wide non-

differentiated service (also referred to as open IP service) It is also assumed that the SkyWay MAX Base Station and one or more Subscribers have been physically installed and/or made available for Bench Testing. C. SkyWay MAX Manager Installation / Launch The Manager Application is a Java-based, Windows XP compliant application used for basic commissioning and management of a small to medium-sized SkyWay MAX network. Referring to the SkyWay MAX Manager Installation Guide (DOCS-1029), install the SkyWay MAX Manager Application on a Management PC connected to the Base Stations local subnet. Be sure to adhere to the minimum system and operation requirements specified in the SkyWay MAX Manager Installation Guide to insure successful installation and operation. SkyWay-MAX 6 Operators Guide D. Base Station Turn-up The Solectek BSU is shipped in an open access default configuration. Specifically, this means that all security systems have been disabled, allowing initial network entry of SS units to be more straightforward. Launch the Manager Application and log into the BSU using the appropriate IP address, Login and Password. See Appendix A for default access information. Following a successful login, the Manager Application will display a Network Dashboard and, along the left side, a command Navigator. Using the Navigator to access the necessary pages, the Minimum System Information collected in the previous section should be entered into the BSU configuration, as follows:

Unit Configuration : Port Set appropriate RF Channel and Bandwidth. If desired, the BSID can be changed Unit Configuration : Network Set appropriate IP Address, Network Mask and Default Gateway. Note: The Manager connection to the Base Station may be interrupted if changes are made to IP Settings. Re-launching of the Manager may be required. E. Subscriber pre-provisioning Like the BSU, the Solectek SS units are also shipped in a fully open mode in which all security features have been disabled. On the SS, this allows a fully plug n play capability in which the SS can be deployed without pre-configuration of the SS, or pre-provisioning on the BSU. This open mode implies the following:

y y Base Station ID (BSID) match, used to define which set of BSUs the SS can connect to, is disabled. The SS will connect to the BSU first detected. Channel Plan File, used to limit the frequency search range of an SS, is set to the Factory Default set of frequencies (see Appendix A). SkyWay-MAX 7 Operators Guide F. Network Entry Process Once the BSU and SS are powered and aligned, the SS will initiate the network entry process. Once an RF link has been established, the new SS will be added to the Manager Dashboard under the Administration section. Since the SS has not been pre-provisioned in the BSU, it is considered an unknown SS, as seen below:

G. Getting traffic started As covered in a subsequent section, the WiMAX protocol requires logical services to be created before network traffic can flow through the BSU and SS. Once the SS has entered the BSU network, the Manager Application can create a default set of services to allow basic traffic to be carried:

y y From the Managers Dashboard page, press the Click Here To View button. This will lead to the Add Subscriber page, augmented with the current list of unknown SS units. From this page, the Administrative Services and an Open IP User Service can be created. At this point, the SS is provisioned and the network should be capable of passing basic traffic. SkyWay-MAX 8 Operators Guide H. Basic Monitoring Using the BSU Managers Navigation Bar, the following screens can used to assess basic system status:

Dashboard Status : RF Port Status : Ethernet Port Displays current Ethernet port settings and packet counters Used to summarize BSU and all connected SS parameters Displays current RF port settings and packet counters Status : Network Status : Services Status : Notifications Displays packet counter information per SS, and per Service Displays service configuration and status, per SS Lists Notification traps sent by BSU This section ends the Quick Launch process. At this point, multiple SS units can be easily and quickly deployed and provisioned. However, there is a great deal of functionality and performance to be gained by implementing the processes and techniques described in the following sections of this Operators Guide.

SkyWay-MAX 10 Operators Guide B. Security This section details the security elements of the SkyWay MAX system as they relate to Network Entry. BSID Match The BSID is a unique, 6 octet (12 hex digit) identifier assigned to each BSU at the factory. The first 3 octets are assigned a fixed value of 00000B, a Solectek identification. The final 3 octets are factory assigned the same value as the final 3 octets of the BSUs RF MAC address. These final 3 octets can be changed by the Operator, if desired. During an RF channel scan, the SS is searching for a BS wireless network to join. The BSID Match feature ensures than an SS only joins a BSU listed in its BSID table. To make initial provisioning simpler, the BSID match feature is disabled by default. However, enabling this feature on the SS limits the risk of entry into an incorrect network. The BSID list is hosted on each SS, and can contain one or more BSIDs.

=> Remember, the BSID Match enable/disable is an SS configuration parameter Access Control List (ACL) A MAC based, Access Control List feature is available on the BSU. When enabled, the BSU must be provisioned with the RF MAC address of each SS which is granted network entry. Once the SS MAC address is added to the BSU, this SS will be tracked by the management system. If an SS attempts to join this BSU network without an corresponding ACL entry, it will be rejected. The ACL feature is disabled, by default. In this state, an SS which tries to join the network without a matching ACL MAC address, will be granted entry, but considered an unknown SS. Once services are defined for this SS, the unit will then be considered provisioned. X.509 Digital Certificates The X.509/PKM protocol set is an industry standard authentication method used to verify the credentials of an SS. When enabled, the SS credentials are validated by the BSU in a secure fashion. Rogue SS units, those not containing signed and validated X.509 digital certificates, are rejected from the BSU network. This feature is managed by the BSU, and is disabled, by default. Data Encryption Further security of network traffic is provided by the data encryption system. When enabled, all sector-

wide data is encrypted with the selected algorithm (Triple DES or AES) based upon a set of rotating encryption keys. This feature is managed by the BSU, and is disabled, by default. SkyWay-MAX 11 Operators Guide C. Open Mode vs Pre-provisioning When a system is configured in Open Mode (as shipped from the factory), SS units will join BSU networks as unknown subscribers. Both Administrative and User Services can be added to desired unknown subscribers, making the SS fully provisioned. When an SS is pre-provisioned in the BSU, all Network Entry and Services information about the SS is set up before the SS attempts to connect to the BSU. Once aligned, the SS enters the network and all pre-

provisioned services are added to the system. Based upon these services, network traffic will begin flowing. D. Network Entry Completion Once network entry is completed successfully, the SS is considered to be connected to the BS and service provisioning can then begin. An SS that does not complete network entry successfully will continue to scan the channels indefinitely in an attempt to find a BSU sector that will allow it to enter. SkyWay-MAX 12 Operators Guide III. Services A. Primer To maximize utilization of scarce RF spectrum and to ensure the highest level of control over network traffic, WiMAX/802.16 technology has been design to pass network traffic through logical connections between a BSU and one or more SSs. These connections are called wireless service flows, or services, and allow an operator to filter, groom and prioritize network traffic in a highly granular fashion. The critical operation of services can be broken into a two stage process. The first stage is classification. This filtering process only allows packets onto a service when a pre-defined set of packet characteristics are met. SkyWay MAX classification methods include combinations of 802.3, VLAN and IP parameters. See Appendix C for a complete list of allowable service classifiers. The second stage involves the scheduling and transport of the packet across the wireless link, a process that takes into account the QoS requirements of each active service as well as the current RF conditions. Each service is assigned one of four possible scheduling types:

y y y y Unsolicited Grant Service (UGS) real-time Polling Service (rtPS) non real-time Polling Service (nrtPS) Best Effort (BE) Each scheduling type is associated with a set of target and guaranteed QoS parameters. This QoS parameter set is defined by the service provider, and should be carefully tuned to the network service being delivered. For example, IPTV, VoIP and basic internet browsing would each require unique Scheduling Types and associated QoS Parameters. Appendix C details the set of QoS parameters available for each Scheduling Type. B. Administrative and User Services As described above, services are required to carry network traffic across the wireless system. To make deployment more intuitive, the SkyWay MAX system references two types of services, Administrative and User. All networks require a number of administrative protocols running to provide basic functions such as Authorization (PPPoE), IP Address assignment (DHCP), IP address resolution (ARP), etc. Since all wireless traffic must be carried on an active service, each SS must be provisioned with a set of appropriate services to carry this traffic. To accelerate the deployment of SS units, SkyWay MAX Manager and EMS software provides a simplified method of adding these Administrative Services. Both management tools provide the operator with a list of available administrative protocols during the SS provisioning process. Once the protocols are selected, the management system creates all of the necessary, underlying services required for support. In contrast to Administrative Services, User Services transport true customer network traffic. These services are defined by the Operator with consideration for the type of network traffic being carried (data, voice, SkyWay-MAX 13 Operators Guide video), customer Service Level Agreements (SLAs) and the specifics of the wireless deployment (range, density, frequency re-use). User services are provisioned per subscriber, per traffic type and per direction (uplink, downlink). Each service is assigned an ID, called the SFID. C. Unicast and Multicast Services Services can operate in either a unicast or multicast fashion. A unicast service defines a logical connection between the BSU and a single SS. A multicast service defines a connection between the BSU and a defined set of SS units. Multicast services are available in the downlink direction, only. D. Service Classes It is often the case that an Operator provisions many subscribers with the same set of QoS/SLA parameters. To simplify the provisioning process, a Service Class can be defined to capture a set of QoS parameters that will be used across the sector. For example, for an Operator to deliver voice services, a set of QoS parameters should be defined within the rtPS scheduling type. These parameters would include the appropriate packet min and max throughput requirements, latency and priority. A VoIP Service Class can be created and named (e.g. - VoIP Gold) to capture all of these parameter values. Once created, the VoIP Gold service class can be used to provision services to any number of new or current Subscribers. SkyWay-MAX 14 Operators Guide IV. Management Systems The SkyWay MAX system provides a number of different management methods, suited for different network deployment and management scenarios. With the exception of the SS pre-provisioning process, most normal management functions are processed directly through the BSU. A. Manager Application The SkyWay MAX Manager Application is the most straightforward management system for Solecteks WiMAX equipment. This Manager system is built on a Java platform and is installed and can be operated on a Windows XP PC. Once installed and operational, the Manager can be pointed to any Solectek SkyWay MAX device, including BSUs, SS and Indoor Controllers. The software provides full command and control of a device across pre-

provisioning, turn-up and operation/maintenance processes. Since the Manager host PC logs directly into the device being managed, this management tool is best suited for Host PCs with local access within an Operators private network, and for managing small to medium networks. Please refer to Solectek document DOCS-1026, SkyWay MAX Manager Installation Guide, for more information on the features and operation of this tool. B. EMS System For medium to large scale networks, Solecteks EMS software is an ideal management solution. Hosted on a dedicated NOC server residing within an Operators private network, the system provides multi-site network wide status and control. Please contact Solectek Sales or Technical Support for more information regarding the EMS system. C. SNMP Solecteks BSU provides SNMP v1, v2 functionality through the use of both multiple MIBs: MIB II, 802.16f WIMAX MIB, and Solecteks private MIB. SNMP functions can be mapped to an Operators existing SNMP Management system or related NMS/EMS application. Please contact Solectek Technical Support for more information and to obtain the latest supported MIBs. D. Telnet Each network element (BSU, SS) can be accessed and managed through a command line interface (CLI) launched via a Telnet connection. See Appendix B for a full command list. E. Serial Console Accessed via a hard connection to Serial port, an RS232 Serial Console is available for the BSU only. It is recommended that this management connection be used only for benchtesting and on-site debug work. The commands available through the Serial Console are the same as those available from Telnet. See Appendix B for a full command list. SkyWay-MAX 15 Operators Guide V. Advanced Operation A. Advanced RF RSSI / CINR. The instantaneous RF received signal strength (RSSI) and Carrier-to-Interference & Noise Ratio (CINR) metrics are available in both the uplink and downlink direction. Both are important as indicators of the RF link quality. RSSI is an absolute measure, calibrated in dBm. CINR is a ratio, or relative measure, calibrated in dB. Optimal RSSI During the network entry process, in a stage known as ranging, the SS must adjust its power so that the signal power received (RSSI) at the BSU equals the Optimal RSSI, a threshold stored in the BSU. If the SS can not reach the Optimal RSSI value, it may still be allowed on to the network, but can likely only support lower order modulations, that is, lower data rates. Modulation RF modulation, which determines the achievable data rate, is specified on a per-SS and per-direction basis. Each SS has both an uplink and downlink modulation setting. The available modulations, and their corresponding forward error correction (FEC) coding rates are as follows:

Increased link reliability Modulation AUTO BPSK QPSK QPSK QAM16 QAM16 QAM64 QAM64 Coding Rate n/a 1/2 1/2 3/4 1/2 3/4 2/3 3/4 Increased data rate The Auto Modulation feature provides a self-adjusting modulation dependant on the current RF link conditions, as measured by the CINR. This process occurs independently per SS, and per direction. Auto and Fixed modulation settings can be mixed within an RF network, or even an individual SS. Multicast Modulation Each downlink Multicast Service must also be assigned one of the modulation settings shown above. Once selected, the modulation setting applies to all SS units with membership in a particular Multicast Service. Thus the modulation should be chosen conservatively enough so that all member SS units can remain connected to the service. SkyWay-MAX 16 Operators Guide As an example, consider a situation where all SS units within a Multicast Service have sufficient link margin to support QAM64-2/3, except one SS which can only support QPSK-3/4. In order to retain service to all SS units, the modulation should be chosen as QPSK-3/4, even though doing so sacrifices system efficiency. When a Multicast Service modulation is set to Auto, the modulation self-adjusts to the highest data rate that still supports all member SS units. The modulation selection is based upon the CINR values of all member SS units. B. Multi Sector Operation The need to sectorize a base site occurs as network subscription outstrips the capacity of a single BSU

(sector). In this case, additional BSU sectors can be added to a base site. For Solecteks SkyWay MAX system, this also requires the provisioning of an Indoor Controller. The Indoor Controller is a configurable and scalable system providing a number of functions to a multi-

sector base site:

y y y y Power + Data transport GPS Synchronization Remote Management (optional) BSU Failover Switching (optional) More information on the commissioning and operation of the Indoor Controller can be found in Solectek document DOCS-1025. SkyWay-MAX 17 Operators Guide VI. Administration A. Notifications BSU Notifications use SNMP traps to actively alert an Operators management system (Manager Application, EMS or SNMP Manager) of important changes in system status, including:

y y y BSU reboot/restart SS exit or entrance to network Service add / delete / modification On the Manager Application, Notifications can be viewed under Status : Notifications, or by using the quick-link from the Dashboard. Once viewed, Notifications can be erased or retained for future reference. B. Event Logs The SkyWay MAX BSU and SS devices automatically create and store a local event log file. This log is used to capture and timestamp detailed information regarding all system configuration and status events. A device log file can be viewed using either the Manager Application or EMS System, and/or exported to a local PC for further analysis via FTP. This export process is depicted in the following screen from the Manager Application:

SkyWay-MAX 18 Operators Guide C. Configuration Files In addition to using one of the many management systems available (e.g. - Manager Application, EMS, SNMP, Telnet), the device configuration can be managed through the import and export of an XML formatted configuration file. Storing an operational BSU configuration off-line has several benefits:

y y y Reduces provisioning time of a new BSU in the event of a system failure Provides a known-good starting point when debugging system problems Becomes a template for adding new BSU sectors For the SS, an off-line configuration file can act as a golden file used to pre-configure each SS unit prior to deployment. The import and export of a configuration file is accomplished using FTP. The applicable Manager Application screen is shown here:

SkyWay-MAX 19 Operators Guide D. Firmware upgrade The process of upgrading the device firmware is dependent on the management system being utilized. When using the Manager Application, the following steps are followed:

y y y y y y Copy FW upgrade files to FTP target directory on Local PC Launch Manager Application on Local PC Point Manager Application to device requiring FW upgrade Navigate to Configure FTP server properties and FW upgrade version Press Upgrade button Administration: FW Upgrade E. Date/Time In each wireless sector, the BSU is responsible for storing the local time and date. Once configured, this information is stored in a battery-backed BSU real-time hardware clock. During network entry, this date/time is passed to the SS. The BSU has the option to obtain the current date and time from a variety of sources:

y y y GPS, if available NTP Server, if available Operator Configured In all cases, the local time zone must also be configured in the BSU to allow accurate conversions from UTC time. SkyWay-MAX 20 Operators Guide F. Name/Location To improve usability, an Operator can choose to assign names and locations to the BSU and SS units. This information can be assigned during initial provisioning, or anytime thereafter. Information for both the BSU and SS is stored on the BSU. Location information is stored as GPS coordinates in the following format:

y y Datum: WGS 84 Lat/Long HDDD MM.MMM, where:

H=Hemisphere (N or S for Lat, E or W for Long) DDD=Degrees, including leading zeros as necessary MM.MMM = Minutes in decimal format In addition, information on the BSU antenna beamwidth and bearing can be captured. In total, the following fields are available:

y BS SS y Name Location Antenna Bearing Antenna Beamwidth Name Location Access to this information set on the Manager Application is via Unit Configuration: Name/Location

SkyWay-MAX 21 Operators Guide G. Diagnostic Tools The BSU contains a number of embedded network tools to assist with the debug and verification of network operation. These tools include:

y y y y Ping TraceRt ARP Table Bridge Table Usage and syntax of these tools is similar to those of standard networking appliances. Access to these tools on the Manager Application is via Administration : Diagnostic Tools. SkyWay-MAX 22 Operators Guide VII. Appendix A System Defaults A. Default Configuration BSU Login Password IP Address Netmask Default Gateway FTP Address FTP User FTP Password admin admin 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.10

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RF Channel Plan RF Power Optimal RSSI Uplink Modulation Downlink Modulation BSID Default.cc 36 dBm

-70 dBm Auto Auto 00000B:xxxxxx, where x is last 3 octets of RF MAC Security y y y X.509 Certificates Access Control List Encryption Disabled Disabled Clear Administrative Services User Services None None Name Location GPS Coordinates Antenna Bearing Antenna Beamwidth SS Login Password

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admin admin SkyWay-MAX 23 Operators Guide SS (contd) IP Address Netmask Default Gateway FTP Address FTP User FTP Password BSID Verification BSID table RF Channel Plan SS Name SS Location GPS Coordinates 192.168.0.2 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.10

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Default.cc

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SkyWay-MAX 24 Operators Guide B. Default Channel Plan File (3.4 3.6 GHz operation) For coverage of the 3.4-3.6 GHz frequency range, the SkyWay MAX system uses a default channel plan which is a subset of the CEPT/ERC/REC 14-03E channel plan. Operators may use the default channel plan file, as-is, or may use it as template to create custom .cc files. These files can be uploaded to the same directory in the BSU and SS and activated in the system through the management system. Filename:

Path:

default.cc

/etc/umac/cc.d

#/etc/umac/cc.d/default.cc------------------------------

# Contains default channel centers for 3.4-3.6 GHz operation

# Valid Entries are:

# name CHANNEL_PLAN_NAME

# CHANNEL_PLAN_NAME is a string for name of the plan

# abbrev ABBREVIATION

# ABBREVIATION of plan name up to 4 symbols

# channel FREQ BW

# FREQ - channel frequency in kHz

# BW - channel bandwidth in MHz

# This section is for common channel plan properties

name Default abbrev DB cyclic_prefix 32

# Channels are listed below this line.

#----------- Freq ----- BW -----------------------------

channel 3411750 3500 channel 3418750 3500 channel 3411750 3500 channel 3418750 3500 channel 3425750 3500 channel 3432750 3500 channel 3439750 3500 channel 3461750 3500 channel 3468750 3500 channel 3475750 3500 channel 3482750 3500 channel 3489750 3500 SkyWay-MAX 25 Operators Guide channel 3501750 3500 channel 3508750 3500 channel 3515750 3500 channel 3522750 3500 channel 3529750 3500 channel 3536750 3500 channel 3543750 3500 channel 3551750 3500 channel 3558750 3500 channel 3565750 3500 channel 3572750 3500 channel 3579750 3500 channel 3586750 3500 channel 3593750 3500

# 7 MHz channels channel 3420500 7000 channel 3434500 7000 channel 3463500 7000 channel 3477500 7000 channel 3491500 7000 channel 3510500 7000 channel 3524500 7000 channel 3538500 7000 channel 3553500 7000 channel 3567500 7000 channel 3581500 7000 channel 3595500 7000

#end SkyWay-MAX 26 Operators Guide VIII. Appendix B Management Systems A. Manager Application Expanded Navigation Bar B. Telnet / Console Commands SkyWay-MAX 27 Operators Guide IX. Appendix C Services - Advanced A. Available Classifiers The following Classifier Types are supported on the SkyWay MAX system 802.3 Source MAC Address Destination MAC Address Ethertype 802.1p/q VLAN ID VLAN Priority Range Ipv4 Protocol + Port Range Source Address, with bit mask Destination Address, with bit mask ToS Value, with bit mask B. QoS Scheduling Parameters Available Parameters, by Scheduling Type Scheduling Type UGS rtPS nrtPS BE Supported Parameters Grant Size Grant Interval Maximum Sustained Traffic Rate Minimum Reserved Traffic Rate Maximum Latency Traffic Priority Grant Interval Maximum Sustained Traffic Rate Minimum Reserved Traffic Rate Maximum Latency Traffic Priority Maximum Sustained Traffic Rate Minimum Reserved Traffic Rate Traffic Priority Maximum Sustained Traffic Rate Traffic Priority SkyWay-MAX 28 Operators Guide Parameter Definitions Parameter 1. Grant Size:

2. Grant Interval. 3. Max Sustained Traffic Rate 4. Min Reserved Traffic Rate 5. Max Latency Description The size of each UGS grant in bytes. The period between UGS grants, or rtPS polls, in mS Upper limit, or ceiling, of traffic rate, in bits/second A setting of zero means unlimited. Lower limit of traffic rate reserved per Service, in bits/

sec Upper latency limit per Service, in mS. Only applies when actual traffic rate is < Min Reserved Rate (ie -

the Service is not overloading the reservation. Default Value

20 0 250 1200 6.Traffic Priority Defines priority when packet matches classification on multiple Services. Range is 0-7, with 7 as the highest priority. 0 (Administrative and Open IP Services) 7 (User Services) C. Recommended Service Class configurations 1. 2. 3. 4. Open IP Internet Data Voice IPTV