XBee-PRO 900HP/XBee-PRO XSC RF Modules XBee-PRO RF Modules Models: XBEE-PRO S3, XBEE-PRO S3B Hardware: S3, S3B 90002173_L 2/4/2014 XBee-PRO 900HP/XBee-PRO XSC RF Modules 1. XBee-PRO 900HP RF Module Hardware This manual describes the operation of the XBee-PRO 900HP RF module, which consists of firmware loaded onto XBee- PRO S3B hardware. XBee-PRO 900HP embedded RF modules provide wireless connectivity to end-point devices in mesh networks. Utilizing the XBee-PRO Feature Set, these modules are interoperable with other devices. With the XBee, users can have their network up-and-running in a matter of minutes without configuration or additional development. XBee-PRO S3B Hardware Description The XBee-PRO S3B radio module hardware consists of an Energy Micro EFM32G230F128 microcontroller, an Analog Devices ADF7023 radio transceiver, an RF power amplifier, and in the programmable version, a Freescale MC9S08QE32 microcontroller. 2014 2 XBee-PRO 900HP/XBee-PRO XSC RF Modules XBee-PRO 900HP Specifications Specifications of the XBee-PRO 900HP/XBee-PRO XSC RF Module Specification XBee Performance
* Indoor/Urban Range 10kbps: up to 2000 ft (610m) 200kbps: up to 1000 ft (305m)
* Outdoor RF line-of-sight Range 10kbps: up to 9 miles (15.5km) 200kbps: up to 4 miles (6.5km) (with 2.1dB dipole antennas) Transmit Power Output 24 dBm (250 mW) (software selectable) RF Data Rate (High) RF Data Rate (Low) 200 kbps 10 kbps Serial UART interface CMOS Serial UART, baud rate stability of <1%
Serial Interface Data Rate
(software selectable) Receiver Sensitivity (typical) Power Requirements Supply Voltage 9600-230400 baud
-101 dBm, high data rate, -110 dBm, low data rate 2.1 to 3.6 VDC**
**Supply voltages of less than 3.0V may result in reduced performance. Output power and receiver sensitivity may be degraded. Transmit Current PL=4 : 215mA typical, (290mA max) PL=3 : 160mA typical PL=2 : 120mA typical PL=1 : 95mA typical PL=0 : 60mA typical Idle / Receive Current 29mA typical at 3.3V, (35mA max) Sleep Current General
**Operating Frequency Band 2.5 pA (typical) 902 to 928 MHz (software selectable channels) Dimensions Weight 1.297 x 0.962 x 0.215 (3.29cm x 2.44cm x 0.546cm) Note: Dimensions do not include connector/antenna or pin lengths 5 to 8 grams, depending on the antenna option Operating Temperature
-40 to 85 C (industrial) Antenna Options Integrated wire, U. FL RF connector, Reverse-polarity SMA connector tal I/O ADC Networking & Security 15 I/O lines, 4 10-bit analog inputs Supported Network Topologies Mesh, point-to-point, point-to-multipoint, peer-to-peer Number of Channels, user selectable channels Addressing Options Encryption Agency Approvals 64 channels available PAN ID, Preamble ID, and 64-bit addresses 128 bit AES Specifications of the XBee-PRO 900HP/XBee-PRO XSC RF Module
* To determine your range, perform a range test under your operating conditions. 2014 3 XBee-PRO 900HP/XBee-PRO XSC RF Modules XBee-PRO 900HP Serial Communications Specifications XBee RF modules support both UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver / Transmitter) and SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) serial connections. UART UART Pin Assignments UART Pins DOUT DIN / CONFIG CTS / DIO7 RTS / DIO6 More information on UART operation is found in the UART section in Chapter 2. SPI SPI Pin Assignments SPI Pins SPI_SCLK / DIO18 SPLSSEL / DIO17 SPI_MOSI / DIO16 SPI_MISO / DIO15 SPI_ATTN / DIO1 For more information on SPI operation, see the SPI section in Chapter 2. Module Pin Number 2 3 12 16 Module Pin Number 18 17 11 4 19 GPIO Specifications XBee RF modules have 15 GPIO (General Purpose Input/Output) ports available. The exact list will depend on the module configuration, as some GPIO pins are used for purposes such as serial communication. See GPIO section for more information on configuring and using GPIO ports. Electrical Specifications for GPIO Pins GPIO Electrical Specification Voltage - Supply Low Schmitt switching threshold High Schmitt switching threshold Input pull-up resistor value Input pull-down resistor value Output voltage for logic 0 Output voltage for logic 1 2.1 - 3.6 V, (3.0V or higher required for optimal performance) Value 0.3 x Vdd 0.7 x Vdd 40 kQ 40 kQ 0.05 x Vdd 0.95 x Vdd 2014 4 XBee-PRO 900HP/XBee-PRO XSC RF Modules Electrical Specifications for GPIO Pins GPIO Electrical Specification Output source current Output sink current Total output current (for GPIO pins) Value 2 mA 2 mA 48 mA Hardware Specifications for Programmable Variant If the module has the programmable secondary processor, add the following table values to the specifications listed on page 7. For example, if the secondary processor is running at 20 MHz and the primary processor is in receive mode then the new current value will be Itotal = Ir2 + Irx = 14 mA + 9 mA = 23 mA, where Ir2 is the runtime current of the secondary processor and Irx is the receive current of the primary. Specifications of the programmable secondary processor Optional Secondary Processor Specification These numbers add to specifications (Add to RX, TX, and sleep currents depending on mode of operation) Runtime current for 32k running at 20MHz Runtime current for 32k running at 1MHz Sleep current For additional specifications see Freescale Datasheet and Manual Voltage requirement for secondary processor to operate at maximum clock frequency Minimum Reset Pulse for Programmable Minimum Reset Pulse to Radio VREF Range
+14mA
+1mA
+0.5pA typical MC9SO8QE32 2.4 to 3.6VDC 100nS 50nS 1.8VDC to VCC 2014 5 XBee-PRO 900HP/XBee-PRO XSC RF Modules XBee-PRO 900HP Pin Signals Mechanical drawings of the XBee-PRO 900HP RF Modules (antenna options not shown). All dimensions are in inches. XBee-PW )
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(Low-asserted signals are distinguished with a horizontal line above signal name.) Direction Default State Output Input Output Description Power Supply GPIO / UART Data out GPIO / UART Data In GPIO / SPI slave out Pin #
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Name VCC DOUT/DIO13 DIN/nConfig/DIO14 DIO12/SPI_MISO nRESET DIO10/PWM0 DIO11/PWM1 reserved nDTR/SLEEP_RQ/DIO8 GND DIO4/AD4/SPI_MOSI nCTS/DIO7 On_nSLEEP/DIO9 VREF Associate/DIO5 nRTS/DIO6 AD3/DIO3/SPI_nSSEL AD2/DIO2/SPI_CLK AD1/DIO1/SPI_nATTN AD0/DIO0 Both Both Both Input Both Both Both Both Both Output Input Both Both Both Both Both Both Module Reset. Drive low to reset the module. This is also an output with an open drain configuration with an internal 20 K ohm pull-up (never drive to logic high, as the module may be driving it low). The minimum pulse width is 1 mS. GPIO / RX Signal Strength Indicator GPIO / Pulse Width Modulator Disabled Do Not Connect Input GPIO / Pin Sleep Control Line (DTR on the dev board) Output Output Output Input Ground GPIO/SPI slave In GPIO / Clear-to-Send Flow Control GPIO / Module Status Indicator Internally used for programmable secondary processor. For compatibility with other XBee modules, we recommend connecting this pin to the voltage reference if Analog Sampling is desired. Otherwise, connect to GND. GPIO / Associate Indicator GPIO / Request-to-Send Flow Control GPIO / Analog Input / SPI Slave Select GPIO / Analog Input / SPI Clock GPIO / Analog Input / SPI Attention GPIO / Analog Input Signal Direction is specified with respect to the module See Design Notes section below for details on pin connections. XBee-PRO 900HP Design Notes The XBee modules do not specifically require any external circuitry or specific connections for proper operation. However, there are s ome general design guidelines that are recommended for help in troubleshooting and building a robust design. XBee-PRO 900HP Power Supply Design Poor power supply can lead to poor radio performance, especially if the supply voltage is not kept within tolerance or is exc essively noisy. To help reduce noise, we recommend placing both a 1^F and 47pF capacitor as near to pin 1 on the PCB as possible. If using a switching regulator for your power supply, switching frequencies above 500kHz are preferred. Power supply ripple should be limited to a maximum 50mV peak to peak. Note - For designs using the programmable modules, an additional 10^F decoupling cap is recommended near pin 1 of the module. The nearest proximity to pin 1 of the three caps should be in the following order: 47pf, 1^F followed by 10^F. XBee-PRO 900HP Recommended Pin Connections The only required pin connections are VCC, GND, DOUT and DIN. To support serial firmware updates, VCC, GND, DOUT, DIN, RTS, and DTR should be connected. 2014 7 All unused pins should be left disconnected. All inputs on the radio can be pulled high or low with 40k internal pull-up or pull-down resistors using the PR and PD software commands. No specific treatment is needed for unused outputs. For applications that need to ensure the lowest sleep current, unconnected inputs should never be left floating. Use internal or external pull-up or pull-down resistors, or set the unused I/O lines to outputs. Other pins may be connected to external circuitry for convenience of operation, including the Associate LED pin (pin 15) and the Commissioning pin (pin 20). An LED attached to the the associate LED pin will flash differently depending on the state of the module to the network, and a pushbutton attached to pin 20 can enable various join functions without having to send serial port commands. Please see the commissioning pushbutton and associate LED section in chapter 7 for more details. The source and sink capabilities are limited to 6mA on all I/O pins. The VRef pin (pin 14) is only used on the programmable versions of these modules. For compatibility with other XBee modules, we recommend connecting this pin to a voltage reference if analog sampling is desired. Otherwise, connect to GND. XBee-PRO 900HP Board Layout XBee modules are designed to be self sufficient and have minimal sensitivity to nearby processors, crystals or other PCB components. As with all PCB designs, Power and Ground traces should be thicker than signal traces and able to comfortably support the maximum current specifications. No other special PCB design considerations are required for integrating XBee radios except in the antenna section. The choice of antenna and antenna location is very important for correct performance. XBees do not require additional ground planes on the host PCB. In general, antenna elements radiate perpendicular to the direction they point. Thus a vertical antenna emits across the horizon. Metal objects near the antenna cause reflections and may reduce the ability for an antenna to radiate efficiently. Metal objects between the transmitter and receiver can also block the radiation path or reduce the transmission distance, so external antennas should be positioned away from them as much as possible. Some objects that are often overlooked are metal poles, metal studs or beams in structures, concrete (it is usually reinforced with metal rods), metal enclosures, vehicles, elevators, ventilation ducts, refrigerators, microwave ovens, batteries, and tall electrolytic capacitors. XBee-PRO 900HP Module Operation for Programmable Variant The modules with the programmable option have a secondary processor with 32k of flash and 2k of RAM. This allows module integrators to put custom code on the XBee module to fit their own unique needs. The DIN, DOUT, RTS, CTS, and RESET lines are intercepted by the secondary processor to allow it to be in control of the data transmitted and received. All other lines are in parallel and can be controlled by either the internal microcontroller or the MC9SO8QE micro (see Block Diagram for details). The internal microcontroller by default has control of certain lines. These lines can be released by the internal microcontroller by sending the proper command(s) to disable the desired DIO line(s)
(see XBee Command Reference Tables). In order for the secondary processor to sample with ADCs, the XBee pin 14 (VREF) must be connected to a reference voltage. provides a bootloader that can take care of programming the processor over the air or through the serial interface. This means that over the air updates can be supported through an XMODEM protocol. The processor can also be programmed and debugged through a one wire interface BKGD (Pin 8).
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P R O X S C R F M o d u e s l XBee-PRO 900HP/XBee-PRO XSC RF Modules 2 0 1 4 K-l Appendix A: Agency Certifications for S3B Hardware Please note that both Appendix B and Appendix C contain Agency Certification information. Please refer to the Preface for instructions on which appendix applies to your product. FCC (United States) Certification The XBee-PRO 900HP/XBee-PRO XSC RF Module complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules and regulations. Compliance with the labeling requirements, FCC notices and antenna usage guidelines is required. In order to operate under 's FCC Certification, RF Modules/integrators must comply with the following regulations:
1. The system integrator must ensure that the text provided with this device [Figure A-01] is placed on the outside of the final product and within the final product operation manual. 2. The XBee-PRO 900HP/XBee-PRO XSC RF Module may only be used with antennas that have been tested and approved for use with this module refer to Table A-1. Labeling Requirements Warning: Changes or modifications to this unit not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the users authority to operate the equipment. This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
(1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. Host labeling requirement: Contains transmitter module FCC ID: 2AQWE-XB900HP FCC Notices IMPORTANT: The XBee-PRO 900HP/XBee-PRO XSC OEM RF Module has been certified by the FCC for use with other products without any further certification (as per FCC section 2.1091). Modifications not expressly approved by could void the user's authority to operate the equipment. IMPORTANT: OEMs must test final product to comply with unintentional radiators (FCC section 15.107 & 15.109) before declaring compliance of their final product to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. IMPORTANT: The RF module has been certified for remote and base radio applications. If the module will be used for portable applications, the device must undergo SAR testing. IMPORTANT:
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B tal device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: Re-orient or relocate the receiving antenna, Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver, Connect equipment and receiver to outlets on different circuits, or Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. Limited Modular Approval This is an RF module approved for Limited Modular use operating as a mobile transmitting device with respect to section 2.1091 and is limited to OEM installation for Mobile and Fixed applications only. During final installation, end-users are prohibited from access to any programming parameters. Professional installation adjustment is required for setting module power and antenna gain to meet EIRP compliance for high gain antenna(s). Final antenna installation and operating configurations of this transmitter including antenna gain and cable loss must not exceed the EIRP of the configuration used for calculating MPE. Grantee () must coordinate with OEM integrators to ensure the end-users and installers of products operating with the module are provided with operating instructions to satisfy RF exposure requirements. The FCC grant is valid only when the device is sold to OEM integrators. Integrators are instructed to ensure the end-user has no manual instructions to remove, adjust or install the device. 2014 10 The Omni-directional antenna below has been approved for use with this module when installed into the host device (Host Device FCC ID:
2AQWE-GC170424). The antenna Gain with Cable loss is less than 6dBi. FCC-approved Antennas A WARNING: This device has been tested with Reverse Polarity SMA connectors as below. When integrated into OEM products, fixed antennas require installation preventing end-users from replacing them with non-approved antennas. Other antennas excepted below one must be tested to comply with FCC Section 15.203 (unique antenna connectors), Section 15.247 (emissions) and RF exposure when the module installed into the host device indicated in this filling. WARNING: The FCC requires that all spread spectrum devices operating within the Unlicensed radio frequency bands must limit themselves to a maximum radiated power of 4 Watts EIRP. Failure to observe this limit is a violation of our warranty terms, and shall void the user's authority to operate the equipment. This can be stated: RF power - cable loss + antenna gain <= 36 dBm eirp. Fixed Base Station and Mobile Applications RF Modules are pre-FCC approved for use in fixed base station and mobile applications. When the antenna is mounted at least 20cm (8") from nearby persons, the application is considered a mobile application. Portable Applications and SAR Testing If the module will be used at distances closer than 20cm to all persons, the device may be required to undergo SAR testing. Co-location with other transmitting antennas closer than 20cm should be avoided. RF Exposure This statement must be included as a CAUTION statement in OEM product manuals. A WARNING: This equipment is approved only for mobile and base station transmitting devices. Antenna(s) used for this transmitter must be installed to provide a separation distance of at least 20 *cm from all persons and must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. Photo of the Omni-directional antenna used when device installed into the host device indicated above.