FCC ID: JUP-5855590 GPS Receiver with 900MHz FHSS Transceiver

USER GUIDE Trimble SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver Version 1.0 Me 3006 Trimble. Corporate Office Trimble Navigation Limited 935 Stewart Drive Sunnyvale, CA 94085, USA wewwilrinible.com Construction Business Area Trimble Navigation Limited Construction Business Area 5475 Kellenburger Road Dayton, Ohio 45424-1099 USA 800-538-7800 (toll free in USA)

+1-937-245-5600 Phone

+ 1-937-233-9004 Fax www.rimble.com E-mail [rimble_ supportetrimble.com Legal Notices 2006. Trimble Navigation Limited, All rights reserved. Trimble, and the Globe & Triangle logo are trademarks of Trimble Navigation Limited, registered in the United States Patent and Trademark Office and in other countries. AutoBase, CMR. CMR+. HYDROpro, Maxwell, Micro-Centered, TGO, TRIMMARK, TSC2, TSCe, VRS, Zephyr, and Zephyr Geodetic are trademarks of Trimble Navigation Limited. The Bluetooth word mark and logos are owned by the Bluetooth SIG, Inc. and any use of such marks by Trimble Navigation Limited is under license. Microsoft, Windows, and Windows NT are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners, Release Notice This is the March 2006 release (Revision B) of the SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide. It applies to version 1.0 of the SPSx50 Modular GPS receiver. Limited Warranty Terms and Conditions Product Limited Warranty Subject to the terms and canditions set forth herein, Trimble Navigation Limited (Trimble) warrants that for a period of {1) year from date of purchase this Trimble product {the Product) will substantially conform to Trimbles publicly available specifications for the Product and that the hardware ang any storage media components of the Product will be substantially free from defects in materials and workmanship. Product Software Product software, whether built into hardware circuitry as firmware, provided as a standalone computer software product, embedded in flash memory, or stored on magnetic or other media, is licensed and not sold. If accompanied by a separate end user Ticense agreement. use of any such software will be subject to the terms of such end user license agreement (including any differing limited warranty terms, exclusions and limitations), which shall control over the terms and conditions set forth in this limited warranty), Software Updates During the limited warranty period you will be entitled to receive such Fix Updates and Minor Updates to the Product software that Trimble releases and makes commercially available and for which it does not charge separately, subject to the procedures for delivery to purchasers of Trimble products generally. If you have purchased the Product from an authorized Trimble distributor rather than from Trimble directly, Trimble may. at its option, forward the software Fix Update or Mirior Update to the Trimble distributor for final distribution to you. Major Upgrades, new products, or substantially new software releases, as identified by Trimble are expressly excluded from this update process and limited warranty. Receipt of software updates shall not serve to extend the limited warranty period For purposes of this warranty the following definitions shall apply:

(1) "Fix Update means an error correction or other update created to fix a previous software version that does not substantially conform to its published specifications; (2) Minor Update occurs when enhancements are made to current features in a software PSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide program: and (3) "Major Upgrade occurs when significant new featutes are added to software, or when anew product containing new features replaces the further development of a current product line, Trimble reserves the right to determine. in its sole discretion, what constitutes a significant new feature and Major Upgrade. Warranty Remedies Ifthe Trimble Product fails during the warranty period for reasons covered by this Limited Warranty and you notify Trimble of such failure during the warranty period, Trimble at its option will repair OR replace the nonconforming Product, OR refund the purchase price paid by you for the Product, upon your return of the Product to Trimble in accordance with Trimble's standard return material authorization procedures. How to Obtain Warranty Service To obtain warranty service for the Product, please contact your Trimble dealer. Alternatively, you may contact Trimble to request warranty service at + 1-408-481-6940 (24 hours a day) or e-mail your request to trimble_support@trimble.com. Please be prepared ta provide:

= your name, address, and telephone numbers

= proof of purchase

= this Trimble warranty card

= adescription of the nonconforming Product including the mode!

number

- an explanation of the problem. The customer service representative may need additional information from you depending on the nature of the problem. Warranty Exclusions and Disclaimer This Product limited warranty shall only apply in the event and to the extent that (i) the Product is properly and correctly installed, configured, interfaced, maintained, stored, and operated in accordance with Trimble's applicable operator's manual and specifications, and; (ii) the Product is not modified or misused. This Product limited warranty shall not apply to, and Trimble shall not be responsible for defects or performance problems resulting from

{i) the combination or utilization of the Product with hardware or software products, information, data, systems, interfaces or devices not made, supplied or specified by Trimble; (ii) the operation of the Product under any specification other than, or in addition to, Trimbles standard specifications for its products; (li) the unauthorized, installation, modification, or use of the Product; {iv) damage caused by: accident, lightning ot other electrical discharge, fresh or salt water immersion or spray: or exposure to environmental conditions for which the Product is not intended; or

{v) normal wear and tear on conaumable parts (e.g. batteries). Trimble does not warrant or guarantee the results obtained through the use of the Product. NOTICE REGARDING PRODUCTS EQUIPPED WITH TECHNOLOGY CAPABLE OF TRACKING SATELLITE SIGNALS FROM SATELLITE BASED AUGMENTATION SYSTEMS {SBAS) (WAAS/EGNOS, AND MSAS), OMNISTAR. GPS, MODERNIZED GPS, OR GLONASS SATELLITES, OR FROM LALA BEACON SOURCES: TRIMBLE IS NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR THE OPERATION OR FAILURE OF OPERATION OF ANY SATELLITE BASED POSITIONING SYSTEM OR THE AVAILABILITY OF ANY SATELLITE BASED POSITIONING SIGNALS. THE FOREGOING LIMITED WARRANTY TERMS STATE TRIMBLE'S ENTIRE LIABILITY, AND YOUR EXCLUSIVE, REMEDIES, RELATING TO FERFORMANCE OF THE TRIMBLE PRODUCT. EXCEPT AS OTHERWISE EXPRESSLY PROVIDED HEREIN, THE PRODUCT AND ACCOMPANYING DOCUMENTATION AND MATERIALS ARE PROVIDED AS-IS AND WITHOUT EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, BY EITHER TRIMBLE OR ANYONE WHO HAS BEEN INVOLVED IN ITS CREATION, PRODUCTION, INSTALLATION, OR DISTRIBUTION, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, TITLE, AND NONINFRINGEMENT. THE STATED EXPRESS WARRANTIES ARE IN LIEU OF ALL OBLIGATIONS OR LIABILITIES ON THE PART OF TRIMBLE ARISING OUT OF, OR IN CONNECTION WITH, ANY PRODUCT. SOME STATES AND JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW LIMITATIONS ON DURATION OR THE EXCLUSION OF AN IMPLIED WARRANTY, SO THE ABOVE LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. Limitation of Liabitity TRIMBLE'S ENTIRE LIABILITY UNDER ANY PROVISION HEREIN SHALL BE LIMITED TO THE AMOUNT PAID BY YOU FOR THE PRODUCT. TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, IN NO EVENT SHALL TRIMBLE OR ITS SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGE WHATSOEVER UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCE OR LEGAL THEORY RELATING IN ANYWAY TO THE PRODUCTS, SOFTWARE AND ACCOMPANYING DOCUMENTATION AND MATERIALS, (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS PROFITS, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, LOSS OF DATA, OR ANY OTHER PECUNIARY LOSS), REGARDLESS OF WHETHER TRIMBLE I1AS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF ANY SUCH LOSS AND REGARDLESS OF THE COURSE OF DEALING WHICH DEVELOPS OR HAS DEVELOPED BETWEEN YOU AND TRIMBLE. BECAUSE SOME STATES AND JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF LIABILITY FOR CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, THE ABOVE LIMITATION MAY NOT ABPLY TO YOU. PLEASE NOTE: THE ABOVE TRIMBLE LIMITED WARRANTY PROVISIONS WILL NOT APPLY TO PRODUCTS PURCHASED

{N THOSE JURISDICTIONS, SUCH AS COUNTRIES OF THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY, IN WHICH PRODUCT WARRANTIES ARE OBTAINED FROM THE LOCAL DISTRIBUTOR. IN SUCH CASE, PLEASE CONTACT YOUR TRIMBLE DEALER FOR APPLICABLE WARRANTY INFORMATION. Registration To receive information regarding updates and new products, please contact your local dealer or visit the Trimble website at www triinble.com/register. Upon registration you may select the newsletter, upgrade or new product information you desire. Notices Class B Statement - Notice to Users. This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part [5 of the FCC rules and Part 90. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communication. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

- Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.

~ Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver,

- Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.

~ Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. Changes and modifications not expressly approved by the manufacturer or registrant of this equipment can void your authority to operate this equipment under Federal Communications Commission rules. Canada This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003, Cet appareil numrique de la classe B est conforme a la norme NMB-003 du Canada, This apparatus complies with Canadian RSS-310, RSS-210, and RSS-119. Cet appareil est conforme A la norme CNR-310, CNR-210, et CNR-119 du Canada. Europe This product (the SPSx50 Modular GPS receiver) is intended to be used in all EU member countries. This product has been tested and found to comply with the requirements for a Class B device pursuant to European Council Directive 89/336/EEC on EMC, thereby satisfying the requirements Jor CE Marking and sale within the European Economic Area (EEA). Contains Infineon radio module PBA 31307. These requirements are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a residential or commercial environment. Australia and New Zealand This product conforms with the regulatory requirements of the Australian Communications Authority (ACA) EMC. framework, thus satisfying the requirements for C-Tick Marking and sale within Australia and New Zealand. Taiwan - Battery Recycling Requirements The product contains a removable Lithium-ion battery. Taiwanese regulations require that waste batteries are recycled. PS SRA Directive 1999/5/EC Hereby, Trimble Navigation, declares that the SPSx50 GPS Receiver isin compliance with the essential requirements and other relevant. provisions of Directive 1999/5/EC. Notice to Our European Union Customers For product recycling instructions and more information, please go to wwwirimble.com/evshtml, Recycling in Europe: To recycle Trimble WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment, products that run on electrical power.), Call +31 497 53 24 30, and ask for the WEEE Associate". Or, mail a request for recycling instructions to: am Trimble Europe BV c/o Menlo Worldwide Logistics Meerheide 45 5521 DZ Eersel, NL Declaration of Conformity We, Trimble Navigation Limited, 936 Stewart Drive PO Box 3642 Sunnyvale, CA 94088-3642 United States

+1-408-481-8000 declare under sole responsibility that the products:

SPSX50 Modular GPS receiver, NetR5 comply with Part 15 of FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:

(1) thie device may not cause harmful interference, and

(2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation, SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide tii iv SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide Safety Information Before you use your Trimble SPS GPS receiver, make sure that you have read and understood all safety requirements. Regulations and safety The receivers contain an internal radio-modem and can send signals through Bluetooth wireless technology (SPSx50 Modular GPS receiver and the SPSx80 Smart GPS antenna only) or through an external data communications radio. Regulations regarding the use of the radio-modems vary greatly from country to country. In some countries, the unit can be used without obtaining an end-user license. Other countries require end-user licensing. For licensing information, consult your local Trimble dealer. Before operating an SPSx50 Modular GPS receiver or SPSx80 Smart GPS antenna, determine if authorization or a license to operate the unit is required in your country. It is the responsibility of the end user to obtain an operator's permit or license for the receiver for the location or country of use. For FCC regulations, see Notices, page iii. Type approval Type approval, or acceptance, covers technical parameters of the equipment related to emissions that can cause interference. Type approval is granted to the manufacturer of the transmission equipment, independent from the operation or licensing of the units. Some countries have unique technical requirements for operation in particular radio-modem frequency bands. To comply with those requirements, Trimble may have modified your equipment to be granted Type approval. Unauthorized modification of the units voids the Type approval, the warranty, and the operational license of the equipment. Exposure to radio frequency radiation For 450 MHz radio Safety. Exposure to RF energy is an important safety consideration. The FCC has adopted a safety standard for human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic energy emitted by FCC regulated equipment as a result of its actions in General Docket 79-144 on March 13, 1986. Proper use of this radio modem results in exposure below government limits. The following precautions are recommended:

DONOT operate the transmitter when someone is 20 cm (7.8 inches) of the antenna.

+ DONOT operate the transmitter unless all RF connectors are secure and any open connectors are properly terminated. SP5x50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide v Safety Information DO NOT operate the equipment near electrical blasting caps or in an explosive atmosphere.

+ All equipment must be properly grounded according to Trimble installation instructions for safe operation.

+ All equipment should be serviced only by a qualified technician. For license-free 900 MHz radio aN CAUTION = For your own safety, and in terms of the RF Exposure requirements of the FCC, always observe the precautions listed here.

+ Always maintain a minimum separation distance of 20 cm (7.8 inches) between yourself and the radiating antenna on the SPSx50 radio-modem.

+ Do not co-locate the antenna with any other transmitting device. For Bluetooth radio The radiated output power of the internal Bluetooth wireless radio is far below the FCC radio frequency exposure limits. Nevertheless, the wireless radio shall be used in such a manner that the Trimble receiver is 20 cm or further from the human body. The internal wireless radio operates within guidelines found in radio frequency safety standards and recommendations, which reflect the consensus of the scientific community. Trimble therefore believes the internal wireless radio is safe for use by consumers. The level of energy emitted is far less than the electromagnetic energy emitted by wireless devices such as mobile phones. However, the use of wireless radios may be restricted in some situations or environments, such as on aircraft. If you are unsure of restrictions, you are encouraged to ask for authorization before turning on the wireless radio. Installing antennas ZN CAUTION - For your own safety, and in terms of the RF Exposure requirements of the FCC, always observe these precautions:

- Always maintain a minimum separation distance of 20 cm (7.8 inches) between yourself and the radiating antenna. Do not co-locate the antenna with any other transmitting device. This device has been designed to operate with the antennas listed below, and having a maximum gain of 5 dBi. Antennas not included in this list, or having a gain greater than 5 dBi, are strictly prohibited for use with this device. The required antenna impedance is 50 ohms. The antennas to be used with the 450 MHz radio are 0 dBi and 5 dBi whip antennas. The antennas to be used with the 900 MHz radio are 0 dBi, 3 dBi, and 5 dBi whip antennas. To reduce potential radio interference to other users, the antenna type and its gain should be so chosen that the equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.rp.) is not more than that permitted for successful communication. vi SP5x50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide Safety Information Battery safety A WARNING - Do not damage the rechargeable Lithium-ion battery. A damaged battery can cause an explosion or fire, and can result in personal injury and/or property damage. To prevent injury or damage:

- Do not use or charge the battery if it appears to be damaged. Signs of damage include, but are not limited to, discoloration, warping, and leaking battery fluid. Do not expose the battery to fire, high temperature, or direct sunlight.

~ Do not immerse the battery in water.

= Do not use or store the battery inside a vehicle during hot weather. Do not drop or puncture the battery.

~ Do not open the battery or short-circuit its contacts. WARNING - Avoid contact with the rechargeable Lithium-ion battery if it appears to be leaking. Battery fluid is corrosive, and contact with it can result in personal injury and/or property damage. To prevent injury or damage:

If the battery leaks, avoid contact with the battery fluid.

~ If battery fluid gets into your eyes, immediately rinse your eyes with clean water and seek medical attention. Do not rub your eyes!

~ If battery fluid gets onto your skin or clothing, immediately use clean water to wash off the battery fluid. WARNING - Charge and use the rechargeable Lithium-ion battery only in strict accordance with the instructions. Charging or using the battery in unauthorized equipment can cause an explosion or fire, and can result in personal injury and/or equipment damage. To prevent injury or damage:

~ Do not charge or use the battery if it appears to be damaged or leaking.

~ Charge the Lithium-ion battery only in a Trimble product that is specified to charge it. Be sure to follow all instructions that are provided with the battery charger. Discontinue charging a battery that gives off extreme heat or a burning odor. Use the battery only in Trimble equipment that is specified to use it. Use the battery only for its intended use and according to the instructions in the product documentation. SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide vii Safety information viii SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide Contents Safety Information Regulations and safety. Type approval : . Exposure to radio frequency radiation. For 450 MHz radio. ......... For license-free 900 MHz radio ...... For Bluetooth radio 6... cee eens i Installing antennas. Battery safety... ce eee eee eee eens 1 Introduction .....-....... About the SPSx50 receivers SPS550 GPS receiver... .. SPS550H GPS receiver . SPS750 GPS receiver . SPS850 Extreme GPS receiver... Related Information... 0... 0c cence eee eens Technical Support. 6.06. eee eee Your Comments... 0... ete eee 2 Features and Functions . SPS550 features SPS550H features : see SPS750 features ............. SPS750 standard features . SPS750 Basic. Rover oe ee eee eee ees Keypad and display... 0. ce teeta Rear connectors. 6 ee eee eee 3 ~=Batteriesand Power... 2... ee External power 6... eee eee eee Battery safety... eee eect eens Battery performance... 0... ccc ete teeta Charging the Lithium-ion battery... 6... ce ee tet ee Storing the Lithium-ion battery. Removing the rechargeable Lithium-ion battery... 6.0... ese eee eee 28 SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide ix Contents x Operating the receiver with a Trimble controller Setup Guidelines. ......... enews Base station operation guidelines Base station components. Base station setup guidelines... 6.6/1. eee eee eee es Permanent installation antenna cabling for the SPSx50 Modular GPS receiver and SPS770 GPS receiver Rover operation guidelines....... Rover receiver components Rover receiver setup guidelines Setting up the Receiver... .. eee ene eee ee ee Connecting the receiver to external devices... 0-2. e ee eee eee 40 Trimble controller with SCS900 Site Controller software... 60... 0.66 e eee 40 External radio-modems. 2.6... ee eee tenes al Common ways to set up a base station . 42 Setting up a base station for permanent or semi-permanent installation. 42 Setting up a base station for daily site use: T-Bar . 43 Setting up a mobile base station: Tripod and fixed height tripod. 44 Common ways to set up @ rover receiver - 47 Setting up the rover receiver on a jobsite vehicle...........+ . 47 Setting up the rover receiveronarod.... 0... 06. eee eens . 49 Setting up a rover receiver on a belt or inabackpack.......- 22-000 +2 serene 50 Setting up a pair of SPSx50 GPS receivers to provide heading... 1... 066+. ss eee eeee 51 The Moving Baseline RTK positioning technique... 6.6... eee eee 51 Mounting a pair of SPSx50 GPS receivers... 6. ees 52 Assembling the receivers... 6.0.2 eee tees Installing the receiver... 0.0 tee ett ett Mounting the antennas . Configuring the receiver pair Interfacing using the NMEA protocol Configuring the SPSx50 Using the Keypad and Display..........- 59 Button functions 2... ee ee eee Power button operations . Home screen......... Status screens ......... Configuring the SPSx50 as a base receiver . Configuring the receiver Configuring the SPSx50 as a rover receiver . Configuring the receiver . Configuring system settings ... ee eee ee eee tte nee SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 10 Contents Configuring the Receiver Settings... --.- 6+ ser r rrr 67 Using the SCS900 Site Controller software to configure the base station, the rover, andtheradios.. 0... eee cece eee teeter Configuring the receiver to log data for postprocessing Configuring Ethernet settings... 6-0. e eee eer erence erences Configuring the SP5x50 receiver using a web browser... 00 eee eee erent Supported browsers... 6. o eee eee ee eee terete ers e ess Changing the settings ....----- see eeeeeee Automatically Setting up a Mobile Base Station Using AutoBase Technology... ese eee teeter eee te BF AutoBase Warning . Working with AutoBase technology ..-.- 6. +++ +++ eer er trees Scenario One: First visit to a site with AutoBase Warning turned off... Scenario Two: First visit to a site with AutoBase Warning turnedon ... Scenario Three: Repeat visit to a site with AutoBase Warning turned off... .....-

Scenario Four: Repeat visit to a site with AutoBase Warning turnedon .....--+-+

Flowchart showing the AutoBase process... 6... ees reer errr errr tees Default Settings... 00 eee ee tte et eB Default receiver settings... 0... eee eee etree et tee teens 2. 94 Resetting the receiver to factory defaults... -- +--+ + +22 eee eee e eens 94 Data Logging option... 0... eee eee tent t eee tees 94 Logging data after a power loss. Specifications... 6.6 ee eee General specifications... eee eee nett entre Physical specifications. Electrical specifications... 6.0. eee eee te eee teens Communication specifications ...... GPS satellite signal tracking ... 6-0 see etre ttt teen nee Integrated radio options........-

Variable configuration options Upgrading the receiver NMEA-0183 Output... es 105 NMEA-0183 message overview Common message elements.......-

Message values ........ seas NMEA messages 0.00 ee eee eter eee GSOF Messages... 02-00 eee eee es 128 Supported message types... eee eee eee renee GSOF message definitions . TIME SP5x50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide xi Contents Velocity 6 eet ee teeter ees PDOP.. SIGMA ... SV Brief. SV Detail . Adding Internal Radio Frequencies .. 6... ee ee 135 Adding receive frequencies for the 450 MHz internal radio... 2... 6-1 eee eee eee 136 Real-Time Data and Services. a we eee eee 137 RTI7 Streamed Data service... ee tee eee 138 Using the keypad and display to configure RT17 outputs... 0... eee 138 Using the web interface to configure RT17 outputs Upgrading the Receiver Firmware... 0... 02 eee eee . 139 The WinFlash utility. 0 te ee ee eee Installing the WinFlash utility Upgrading the receiver firmware ... 6... ee eee eee Forcing the receiver into Monitor mode. Troubleshooting ............ Receiver issues... 0. tee Glossary....... ere eee ee eee ~. 147 SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide Introduction Welcome to the SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide. This manual describes how to set up and use the Trimble SPSx50 Modular GPS receivers. The SPS GPS receivers is a family of receivers that comprise the SPSx50 Modular GPS receivers, SPS770 GPS receivers, and the SPSx80 Smart GPS antennas. Where necessary, this manual contains references to specific receivers in the product family. When information is specific to a particular model, then the specific model name is used. Even if you have used other Global Positioning System (GPS) products before, Trimble recommends that you spend some time reading this manual to learn about the special features of this product. If you are not familiar with GPS, visit the Trimble website (www.trimble.com) for an interactive look at Trimble and GPS. About the S$PSx50 receivers The SPSx50 Modular GPS receiver family comprises the following receivers:

PS550

+ SPS550H

* PS750 Basic base

+ PS750 Basic rover

+ SPS750 Max

* SPS850 Extreme CHAPTER SPS550 GPS receiver The Trimble SPS550 is a dual-frequency location GPS receiver. The SPS550 can operate as a DGPS reference station or as a DGPS rover receiver, and can use Satellite Based Augmentation Systems

(SBAS). The receiver can also function as a rover receiver that uses OmniSTAR XP or HP correction services. The SPS550 is ideal for mobile applications on marine vessels and site vehicles where Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) accuracy is not needed. The SPS550 can be used with the SPS550H GPS receiver to provide both position and precise heading solutions for marine applications. SPS550H GPS receiver The Trimble SPS550H is an add-on receiver that can be combined with the SPS550, SPS750 Max, or SPS850 Extreme to provide a precise heading capability using Trimble moving base technology. SPS750 GPS receiver The Trimble SPS750 is a dual-frequency GPS receiver with the ability to receive OmniSTAR corrections. The receiver is available in the following configurations:

* $PS750 Basic base

* SPS750 Basic rover

. SPS750 Max The SPS750 can be configured using the keypad and display, a web browser, or the Trimble SCS900 Site Controller software. The SPS750 makes it easy to set up a mobile base station or a SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 13 1 Introduction permanent base station for continuous operation. The SPS750 is also an ideal mobile receiver for semi-permanent mounting on vehicles and marine vessels. SPS850 Extreme GPS receiver The Trimble SPS850 Extreme is a triple-frequency GPS plus GLONASS receiver with the ability to receive OmniSTAR corrections. The SPS850 Extreme can operate as a base station or rover. The receiver can be configured using the keypad and display, web browser, or Trimble SCS900 Site Controller software. The SPS850 Extreme makes it easy to set up a mobile base station or a permanent base station for continuous operation. The SPS850 Extreme is also an ideal mobile receiver for semi-permanent mounting on vehicles and marine vessels. Related Information Sources of related information include the following:

+ Help - The SCS900 Site Controller software has built-in, context-sensitive help that lets you quickly find the information you need. Access it from the Help menu. Alternatively, click the ? button in a dialog, or press Fi). On a Microsoft Windows CE device, select Start / Help.

+ Release notes - The release notes describe new features of the product, information not included in the manuals, and any changes to the manuals. They are provided as a pdf file on the Trimble SPS GPS Receiver CD. Trimble training courses - Consider a training course to help you use your GPS system to its fullest potential. For more information, go to the Trimble website at www4rimble.com/training,html. 14 SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide Technical Support If you have a problem and cannot find the information you need in the product documentation, contact your local dealer. Alternatively, go to the Support area of the Trimble website

(www-trimble.com/support.shtml). Select the product you need information on. Product updates, documentation, and any support issues are available for download. If you need to contact Trimble technical support, complete the online inquiry form at www.trimble.com/support_form.asp. Your Comments Your feedback about the supporting documentation helps us to improve it with each revision. E-mail your comments to ReaderFeedback@trimble.com. CHAPTER Features and Functions In this chapter:

SPS550 features SPSS50H features 5PS750 features SPS850 Extreme features Use and care COCOM limits Keypad and display Rear connectors Trimble SPSx50 Modular GPS receivers are ideal for the following infrastructure development, site development, and marine construction applications:

* Mobile base station for RTK or DGPS applications Permanent base station for Virtual Reference Station (VRS), RTK, or DGPS applications (SPS550, SPS750, and SPS850 only). Note - The permanent base station for VRS requires an option to be enabled. For more information, please contact your Trimble dealer. RTK rover on rod, backpack, site vehicle, or marine vessel Site and marine location applications using OmniSTAR HP or XP corrections

+ Site and marine location applications using DGPS RTCM corrections You can use the SPSx50 Modular GPS receivers with the Trimble SCS900 Site Controller software. These receivers all feature a keypad and display so you can configure the receiver without using a controller or computer. All the receivers can record GPS data to the internal memory, and optionally transfer the data over a USB or serial connection, or download data through an Ethernet connection. SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 15 2 Features and Functions SPS550 features The receiver provides the following features:

* Location GPS ~ Sub-meter DGPS rover and base station capability

* Decimeter accuracy when using RTK corrections by radio link or VRS

+ OmniSTAR XP/HP for a base station free service

* Optional internal 450 MHz (3 frequency bands) radio with transmit and receive capability (SPS550 only)

* Optional internal 900 MHz radio with transmit and receive capability (SPS550 only)

* WAAS/EGNOS and MSAS Satellite Based Augmentation (SBAS) compatibility 24-channel L1/L2 GPS receiver - Single-frequency GPS for DGPS position solution and dual-frequency GPS for OmniSTAR XP/HP and heading solution

* Long-life integrated battery, typically 10 hours operation as a base station or 12 hours as a rover

+ Integrated display and keypad for rapid system configuration and status checking, without the need for a controller

* Integrated Biuetooth wireless technology for cable-free configuration and operation with a controller

+ Ethernet support, so that the receiver can be configured remotely across an Ethernet network or the Internet

* Attached or external radio antenna option for rover or High Gain base station operation

* Small, lightweight design - 1.65 kg (3.64 Ibs) receiver only, with battery Permanent/semi-permanent and mobile quick setup DGPS base station capability

* The ability to broadcast corrections through multiple radio links from one base station receiver ( for example, through an internal 450 MHz radio and an external 900 MHz radio)

+ Tough aluminum housing 1P67 environmental rating

-40 C to +65 C (-40 F to +149 F) operating temperature range

* 9Vto30 VDC input power range, with over-voltage protection

+ Two-line, 16-character VFD (Vacuum Fluorescent Display) display 16 SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide Features and Functions 2 SPS550H features The SPS550H receiver provides the following features:

. Precise Heading Add-on GPS receiver 24-channel L1/L2 GPS receiver for heading solution Long-life integrated battery, typically 12 hours as a rover Integrated display and keypad for rapid system configuration and status checking, without the need for a controller Integrated Bluetooth wireless technology for cable-free configuration and operation with a controller Ethernet support, so that the receiver can be configured remotely across and Ethernet network or the Internet Dual-frequency antenna, dual SPS receiver mounting frame, and interconnecting cable Small, lightweight design - 1.65 kg (3.64 lbs) receiver only, with battery Tough aluminum housing IP67 environmental rating 40 C to +65 C (-40 F to +149 F) operating temperature range 9 V to 30 V DC input power range, with over-voltage protection Two-line, 16-character VED (Vacuum Fluorescent Display) display SPS750 features The SPS750 receiver provides the following standard features. For features specific to each model, see below. SPS750 standard features Integrated GPS receiver and radio 450 or 900 MHz radio:

- SPS750 Max has transmit and receive capabilities

- Basic base has transmit capabilities only

- Basic rover has receive capabilities only 24-channel L1/L2 GPS receiver OmmniSTAR XP and HP service capability SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 17 2 Features and Functions WAAS/EGNOS (Wide Area Augmentation System/European Geo-Stationary Navigation System), and MSAS Satellite Based Augmentation (SBAS) compatibility Long: life integrated battery, typically 10 hours operation as a base station or 12 hours as a rover Operation parameters configured using the WinFlash utility, Trimble SCS900 Site Controller software, the integrated display and keyboard for system configuration with a controller, or the Web receiver interface Integrated Bluetooth wireless technology for cable-free configuration and operation with a controller External GPS antenna choice for base station or rover operation Attached or external radio antenna option for rover or high-gain base station radio operation Small, lightweight design 1.65 kg (3.64 Ibs) receiver only, with battery: 4 kg

(8.82 Jbs) complete system weight (rover including controller and rod) Permanent/semi-permanent and mobile quick setup base station capability Backpack, belt, rod, truck, and marine vessel mounting options for rover applications Capable of all site measurement and stakeout operations within 1.5 km (SPS750 Basic) and typically >5 km (SPS750 Max) Easy-to-use menu system for rapid configuration and status checking AutoBase technology for rapid and automated repeated daily base station setups Ethernet support, so that the receiver can be configured remotely across and Ethernet network or the Internet The ability to broadcast corrections via multiple radio links from one base station receiver (for example, via an internal 450 MHz radio and an external 900 MHz radio) Two-line, 16-character VFD (Vacuum Fluorescent Display) display CAN (Controller Area Network) support Rugged, weatherproof construction with an IP67 environmental rating

~40 C to +65 C (-40 F to +149 F) operating temperature range 9V DC to 30 V DC input power range, with over-voltage protection 18 SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide Features and Functions 2 SPS750 Basic Base station only, or Rover only, operation SPS750 Basic base Entry-level, low cost RTK base station Unrestricted operational range for rovers and grade control systems Integrated transmit-only radio Easily upgraded to the SPS750 Max SPS750 Basic rover Entry-level, low cost RTK rover receiver 2 Hz measurement update rate 2.4 km (1.5 mile) operational range from the base station Integrated receive-only radio Ideal for contractors new to GPS as a starter system or for operating multiple small projects Easily upgraded to the SPS750 Max SPS750 Max RTK base station and rover operation in a single receiver Integrated receive/transmit radio 5 or 10 Hz measurement update rate Unrestricted rover operation range from a base station Operates within a VRS network, for base station-free rover capability For marine applications: Moving baseline and heading capability when a Max or Extreme receiver is combined with an SPS550H GPS receiver or an RTK rover-capable SPSx50 GPS receiver S$PS850 Extreme features The SPS850 Extreme receiver provides the following features:

. Integrated GPS receiver and radio 450 or 900 MHz radio with transmit/receive capability 72-channel L1/L2/L2C/L5 GPS plus L1/L2 GLONASS receiver OmniSTAR XP and HP service capability SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 19 2 20 Features and Functions WAAS/EGNOS, and MSAS Satellite Based Augmentation (SBAS} compatibility Long: life integrated battery, typically 10 hours operation as a base station or 12 hours as a rover Integrated display and keypad for system configuration without a controller Integrated Bluetooth wireless technology for cable-free configuration and operation with a controller External GPS antenna choice for base station or rover operation Attached or external radio antenna option for rover or "High Gain" base station operation Small, lightweight design - 1.65 kg (3.64 Ibs) receiver only, with battery; 4 kg

(8.82 lbs) complete system weight (rover including controller and rod}

Permanent/semi-permanent and mobile quick setup base station capability Backpack, belt, rod, truck, and marine vessel mounting options for rover applications Within radio or cellular phone coverage, full site measurement and stakeout capability Rover operation capability within a VRS (Virtual Reference Station) network Easy-to-use menu system for rapid configuration and status checking AutoBase technology for rapid and automated repeated daily base station setups The ability to broadcast corrections via multiple radio links from one base station receiver (for example, via an internal 450 MHz radio and an external 900 MHz radio) Two-line, 16-character VFD (Vacuum Fluorescent Display) display Rugged, weatherproof construction with an IP67 environmental rating

-40 C to +65 C (-40 F to +149 F) operating temperature range 9V to 30 V DC input power range, with over-voltage protection Base station Unrestricted operational range for rovers and grade control systems Base station and rover operation in a single receiver Integrated receive/transmit radio Integrated Ethernet and IP capability facilitates base station and receiver configuration over the Internet or via Ethernet connection on a computer network SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide Features and Functions 2 Rover For marine applications: Moving baseline and heading capability when a Max or Extreme receiver is combined with an SPS550H GPS receiver or an RTK rover-

capable SPSx50 GPS receiver 5, 10, or 20 Hz measurement update rate Unrestricted rover operation range from a base station Base station-free rover capability within a VRS network Base station-free rover capability using OmniSTAR HP or XP services, with

<30 cm (1 ft) accuracy Ideal for contractors who operate mid to large size projects with machine control Use and care This product is designed to withstand the rough treatment and tough environment that typically occurs in construction applications. However, the receiver is a high-precision electronic instrument and should be treated with reasonable care, AY CAUTION - Operating or storing the receiver outside the specified temperature range can damage it. For more information, see Chapter 10, Specifications. COCOM limits The US. Department of Commerce requires that all exportable GPS products contain performance limitations so that they cannot be used in a manner that could threaten the security of the United States. The following limitations are implemented on this product:

Immediate access to satellite measurements and navigation results is disabled when the receiver velocity is computed to be greater than 1000 knots, or its altitude is computed to be above 18 000 meters. The receiver GPS subsystem resets until the COCOM situation clears. As a result, all logging and stream configurations stop until the GPS subsystem is cleared. SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 21 2. Features and Functions Keypad and display 4 2 3 2 Feature Description 1 Power LED Indicates if the receiver is turned on or off. 2 Buttons Used to turn on and configure the receiver (see Button functions, page 60). 3 Display The receiver has a Vacuum Fluorescent Display. This display allows you to see how the receiver is operating and view the configuration settings. 4 Bluetooth antenna Location of the Bluetooth antenna. Figure 2.1 Front view of the SPSx50 GPS receiver 22. SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide Features and Functions 2 Rear connectors Connector type Description Connect to the GPS antenna TNC (450 MHz Internal Reverse polarity TNC

(900 MHz internal radio)

* Not installed, system without internal radio Connect to the radio antenna Vent plug AXMLM TO BCT SLMOV External venting plug for pressure equalization High Density om

* Ethernet connectivity to a 10/100 Base-T network through an RJ45 jack on a multiport adaptor (P/N 57167)

* Stave USB communications through the USB type B connector on the Multiport adaptor (P/N 57167)

* 'Host' USB communications through the USB type A connector on the 26-pin to Hirose adaptor (P/N 56653) and Hirose to USB type A cable (P/N 73841001) Primary power from a Trimble AC/DC power supply

(P/N 48800-00) using the multiport adaptor (P/N 57167)

* Power input from an SPS700 total station battery cradle system using the adaptor (P/N 56653)

* Full 8 wire RS-232 serial communications using the 26-9-pin multiport adaptor (P/N 57168) or a 26-pin serial communications cable 3 wire RS-232 serial adaptor Lemo (?-pin/ O-shell) 3 wire RS-232 serial communications using a 7-pin/ 0 shell Lemo cable

* Secondary power from a Trimble battery (P/N 32364-00 or 32365-00) or a 12 V battery using the Fused Lemo Power Cable (P/N 46125-00) CAN Rear view of the SPSx50 GPS receiver Figure 2.2 SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 23 2 Features and Functions 24 = $PSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide CHAPTER Batteries and Power In this chapter:

External power Battery safety Battery performance Charging the Lithium-ion battery Storing the Lithium-ion battery Removing the rechargeable Lithium-ion battery Operating the receiver with a Trimble controller The SPSx50 GPS receiver uses an internal rechargeable Lithium-ion battery, which can be replaced only at an Authorized Trimble Service Center. The receiver can also be powered by an external power source that is connected to the Lemo or modem port. The operational time provided by the internal battery depends on the type of measurement and operating conditions. Typically, the internal battery provides 10 hours operation as a base station and 12 hours as a rover during measurement operations using the internal radio. Note - All battery operation tests are carried out with new, fully charged batteries at room temperature and full receiver configuration operational. Older batteries, at temperatures significantly higher or lower than room temperature, will have a reduced performance. Receivers operating with reduced configuration will have a higher performance. SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 25 3 Batteries and Power 26 External power The GPS receiver uses an external power source in preference to its internal batteries. If the receiver is not connected to an external power source, or ifthe external power supply fails, the internal batteries are used. While carrying out static measurements for postprocessed computations using the internal memory, if no external power is supplied and the internal battery is drained, the receiver shuts down. No data is lost and when power is restored, the receiver restarts in the same status as it was when power was lost. Battery safety A The receiver is powered by a rechargable internal Lithium-ion battery. Charge and use the battery only in strict accordance with the instructions below. WARNING - Do not damage the rechargeable Lithium-ion battery. A damaged battery can cause an explosion or fire, and can result in personal injury and/or property damage. To prevent injury or damage:

Do not use or charge the battery if it appears to be damaged. Signs of damage include, but are not limited to, discoloration, warping, and Jeaking battery fluid. Do not expose the battery to fire, high temperature, or direct sunlight.

- Do not immerse the battery in water. Do not use or store the battery inside a vehicle during hot weather.

~Do not drop or puncture the battery.

- Do not open the battery or short-circuit its contacts. WARNING - Avoid contact with the rechargeable Lithium-ion battery if it appears to be leaking. Battery fluid is corrosive, and contact with it can result in personal injury and/or property damage. To prevent injury or damage:

- If the battery leaks, avoid contact with the battery fluid. If battery fluid gets into your eyes, immediately rinse your eyes with clean water and seek medical attention. Do not rub your eyes!

- If battery fluid gets onto your skin or clothing, immediately use clean water to wash off the battery fluid. Battery performance To optimize battery performance and extend battery life:

+ Fully charge all new batteries before use.

+ Batteries perform best when they are not used at extreme temperatures. The receiver is designed to operate at -40 C to +65 C (-40 F to +149 "F). However, operation at temperatures of less than 0 C (32 F) can cause a rapid drop in battery life.

* Do not allow a battery that is in storage to discharge to below 5 V. SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide Batteries and Power 3 Charging the Lithium-ion battery The rechargeable Lithium-ion battery is supplied partially charged. Charge the battery completely before using it for the first time. If the battery has been stored for longer than three months, charge it before use. The internal battery charges fully in 8 hours when connected to a suitable power source. AN WARNING - Charge and use the rechargeable Lithium-ion battery only in strict accordance with the instructions. Charging or using the battery in unauthorized equipment can cause an explosion or fire, and can result in personal injury and/or equipment damage. To prevent injury or damage:

= Do not charge or use the battery if it appears to be damaged or leaking.

- Charge the Lithium-ion battery only with a Trimble product that is specified to charge it. Be sure to follow all instructions that are provided with the battery charger.

- Discontinue charging a battery that gives off extreme heat or a burning odor. Use the battery only in Trimble equipment that is specified to use it. Use the battery only for its intended use and according to the instructions in the product documentation. Storing the Lithium-ion battery If you must store a Lithium-ion battery for long periods, make sure that it is fully charged before it is stored, and that you charge it at least once every three months while it is stored. Do not allow a battery that is in storage to discharge to below 5 V.A battery that reaches deep discharge level (5 V or less) cannot be recharged and must be replaced.

(To protect a battery that is in use from deep discharge, the receiver switches power sources or stops drawing power when the battery pack discharges to 5.9 V.) All batteries discharge over time when not in use, and they discharge faster in colder temperatures. Do not store the receiver at temperatures outside the range -40 C to

+70C (-40 F to +158 F). The SPSx50 receiver has an internal Lithium-ion battery. The internal battery will only charge from an external power source that delivers more than 15 volts, for example, an AC power adaptor. The receiver is supplied with a mains power supply unit that recharges the battery inside the receiver when it is connected through the adaptor to the modem port or the Lemo port. When you use the receiver on large projects, from a permanent or semi-permanent base station location ina site trailer, Trimble recommends that you use this power supply at all times to keep the internal battery charged. This provides an uninterrupted power supply and will keep the site operational for more than 10 hours after a power failure. Keep all batteries on continuous charge when not in use. You can keep batteries on charge indefinitely without damage to the receiver or to the batteries. SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 27 3 Batteries and Power Removing the rechargeable Lithium-ion battery The internal Lithium-ion battery should be removed only at an authorized Trimble Service Center. If the battery is removed at an unauthorized service center, the remaining warranty on the product will be void. Operating the receiver with a Trimble controller You can operate an SPS GPS receiver with any Trimble controller, for example, a TSC2 or TCU controller, that is running the $CS900 software. Typically, the receiver and the controller operate from their own individual power sources. The receiver and controller can communicate through Bluetooth wireless technology and can be connected without a cable. However, if a cable is required, the following information indicates which cable to use with which controller:

Controller Cable Controller connector Receiver connector TSC2 PIN 18532 DSub9 DSub9 TCU P/N S302007 6H (Marked Com" on the controfler Dsub9 GPS holder) Tcu P/N 53004007 6H (Marked Com on the controller 70S

{alternative GPS holder) connection}

28 5P5x50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide Setup Guidelines In this chapter:

w Base station operation guidelines m Rover operation guidelines CHAPTER GPS Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) operation provides centimeter-level accuracy by eliminating errors that are present in the GPS system, For all RTK operations, you require both a base station and a rover receiver. This chapter introduces the concepts of base station and rover operation, provides information to help you identify good setup locations, describes best practices for setting up the equipment, and outlines the precautions that you need to take to protect the equipment. Note - This chapter provides setup information for all the receivers in the SPS GPS receiver family. SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 29 4 = Setup Guidelines Base station operation guidelines A base station consists of a receiver that is placed at a known (and fixed) position. The receiver tracks the same satellites that are being tracked by the rover receiver, at the same time that the rover is tracking them. Errors in the GPS system are monitored at the fixed (and known) base station, and a series of position corrections are computed. The corrections are sent through a radio link to the rover receiver, where they are used to correct the real time positions of the rover. Base station components The base station has the following components:

GPS receiver GPS antenna Base station radio Power supply GPS receiver and GPS antenna The base station GPS receiver can be one of following types:

A Smart GPS antenna, such as the SPSx80, which incorporates a GPS receiver, GPS antenna, power supply, and base station radio into a single compact unit. A Smart GPS antenna can be rapidly set up on a tripod, fixed height tripod, or T-Bar anywhere that is convenient on the jobsite. A Modular GPS receiver, such as the SPSx50, which incorporates a GPS receiver, power supply, and base station radio in a single unit. The GPS antenna (and, optionally, the base station radio antenna) is separate from the receiver. Because the GPS antenna is separate, you can use the following optimized components:

- ageodetic antenna with large ground plane, to eliminate multipath (the major source of GPS errors) at the base station

- ahigh gain or directional radio antenna, to increase broadcast range and to provide maximum coverage You can also place a modular GPS receiver in an easily accessible and secure location, safe from theft and the weather, while the antennas are placed high on a tower or building, clear of obstructions and able to deliver maximum performance. You can use either type of receiver in a permanent, semi-permanent, or daily quick setup configuration. If semi-permanent or permanent operation is required, however, the modular receiver delivers significant advantages. 30 SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide Setup Guidelines 4 Base station setup guidelines For good performance, observe the following base station setup guidelines:

Place the GPS receiver in a location on the jobsite where equal range in all directions provides full coverage of the site. This is more important on larger jobsites, where the broadcast range of the base station radio may limit the operations of the GPS system. Place the GPS antenna in a location that has a clear line of sight to the sky in all directions. Do not place the GPS antenna near vertical obstructions such as buildings, deep cuttings, site vehicles, towers, or tree canopy. Place the GPS and radio antennas as high as practical. This minimizes multipath from the surrounding area, and enables the radio to broadcast to the maximum distance. Note - The GPS antenna must have a clear line of sight to the sky at all times during operation. Choose the most appropriate radio antenna for the size and footprint of the site. The higher the gain on the antenna, the longer the range. If there is more focus on the transmission signal, there is a reduced coverage area. A 3 db or 5 db gain antenna provides a mix of good range and reasonable directional coverage. Make sure that the GPS receiver does not lose power. The GPS receiver has an integrated battery, which has to be charged. To operate for the full day without loss of power at the base station, provide external power. Sources of external power include:

- AC power

- 12 V car or truck battery

- Trimble custom external battery pack

- Generator power

- Solar panel When you use an external power supply, the integrated battery provides a backup power supply, enabling you to maintain continuous operation through a mains power failure. When the GPS receiver is connected to a power source greater than 15 V. the integrated battery is continuously charged from the connected power source. This helps to ensure that the battery stays charged (SPS770 and SPSx50 only). Do not locate a GPS receiver, GPS antenna, or radio antenna within 400 meters

(about 1312 feet) of:

- apowerful radar, television, or cellular communications tower

- another transmitter

- another GPS antenna SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 31 4 32 Setup Guidelines Cellular phone towers can interfere with the base station radio broadcast and can stop corrections from reaching the rover receiver. High-power signals from a nearby radio or radar transmitter can overwhelm the receiver circuits. This does not harm the receiver, but can prevent the receiver electronics from functioning correctly. Low-power transmitters, such as those in cellular phones and two-way radios, do not interfere with receiver operations. Do not set up the base station directly beneath or close to overhead power lines or electrical generation facilities. The electromagnetic fields associated with these utilities can interfere with GPS receiver operation. Other sources of electromagnetic interference include:

- Gasoline engines (spark plugs)

- Televisions and computer monitors

- Alternators and generators

- Electric motors

~- Equipment with DC-to-AC converters

- Fluorescent lights

- Switching power supplies Place the GPS receivers in a protected and secure location. If the base station is in the center of a jobsite where heavy machinery is operating, place flags around the base station to warn operators of its existence. If you place the SPSx50 Modular GPS receiver or SPS770 GPS receiver ina lock box on the jobsite to protect the receiver from theft or from the weather, shield the lock box from direct sunlight and provide ventilation for the receiver through an inlet and extractor fan. A receiver that has a broadcast radio generates significant heat. Do not allow the temperature in the box to exceed 65 C (149 F). If working in a cold climate, you may need to provide heat to the receiver. Do not operate the receiver below -40 C (-40 F). Trimble recommends that, wherever possible, you keep GPS receiver equipment dry, The receivers are designed to withstand wet weather, but keeping them dry prolongs their life and reduces the effects of corrosion on ports and connectors. If the equipment gets wet, use a clean dry cloth to dry the equipment, and then leave the equipment open to the air to dry. Do not lock wet equipment in a transport case for prolonged periods. Avoid exposing the GPS receiver to corrosive liquids and salt water wherever possible. SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide Setup Guidelines 4 Trimble recommends that you install lightning protection equipment at permanent base station locations. Equipment should include a gas capsule lightning protector in the GPS and radio antenna feed line and appropriate safety grounding. A static dissipater near the antennas can reduce the likelihood of a direct lightning strike. Also protect any communications and power lines at building entry points, For more information, contact your local Trimble dealer, or go to the Huber and Suhner website (www-hubersuhnerinc.com). Trimble recommends that you use surge protection equipment on all permanently installed equipment. Permanent installation antenna cabling for the SPSx50 Modular GPS receiver and SPS770 GPS receiver Many permanent base station installations have unique cabling requirements. Depending on the available infrastructure, you may need to mount the antenna a considerable distance from the receiver. The SPSx50 and SPS770 can withstand a loss of 12 dB between the GPS antenna and the receiver. The degree of loss in a coaxial cable depends on the frequency of the signal passing through it. Table 4.1 lists some common cable types and the maximum length you can use before an inline amplifier for GPS frequencies is required. Table 4.1 Maximum cable lengths Cable type Maximum length (for use without an inline amplifier) RG-214 30 m (100 ft) LMR-400 70 m (230 ft}

LMR-S00 85 m (280 ft) LMR-600 106 m (350 ft) Heliax LDF4/50 165 m (540 ft) Heliax LDF4.5/40 225 m (740 ft) Rover operation guidelines The second part of the RTK GPS system is the rover receiver. The rover receiver is mounted on a pole, vehicle, marine vessel, or in a backpack, and is moved between the points that require measurement or stakeout. The rover receiver is connected to a base station or to a source of RTK corrections such as a Virtual Reference Station (VRS) system. The connection is provided by an integrated radio, a SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 33 4 Setup Guidelines cellular modem in the controller, or through an external cellular phone that is connected to the receiver either by Bluetooth wireless technology or by means of a cable. The correction stream for some other positioning solutions, such as SBAS

(WAAS/EGNOS, and MSAS) and the OmniSTAR XP or HP servicel, is broadcast through geostationary satellites, and detected by the GPS antenna itself. No integrated radio or base station is required. Rover receiver components The rover receiver has the following components:

GPS receiver GPS antenna

+ Optional integrated radio receiver and antenna for RTK operations

+ Optional items for the different mounting options (see below) In most rover applications, the receiver operates entirely from its own integrated battery unit. Ona vehicle or on a marine vessel, however, an external power supply can be used. Use an external power supply if one is provided. The internal battery then acts as a uninterruptible power supply, covering any external power failures. Choose a rover receiver according to the needs of the job:

* ASmart GPS antenna, such as the SPSx80, incorporates the GPS receiver, GPS antenna, power supply, and receive radio into a single compact unit. A Smart GPS antenna can be rapidly set up on a pole, vehicle, or backpack. This makes it easy to carry when you are measuring around the jobsite. AModular GPS receiver, such as the SPSx50, incorporates the GPS receiver, receive radio, and power supply into a single unit. The GPS antenna and, optionally, the receive radio antenna, is separate from the receiver. When you use a modular GPS receiver as a rover, you can use optimized components placed in the best locations for your application. For example:

- Asmall, lightweight rover antenna can be mounted on a pole or backpack;

placed in a high, inaccessible location on a marine vessel mast or cabin; or placed on a site vehicle roof or truck bed. Arubber duck radio antenna, or an external radio antenna, can be mounted on a vehicle or vessel roof to provide maximum coverage. A Modular GPS receiver can be placed in a location that is both easily accessible and safe from theft and the weather. The antennas can be placed high on a vehicle or vessel roof, clear of obstructions and able to deliver maximum performance. 1. OmniSTAR is only available with the SP5x50 Modular GPS receiver. 34 SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide Setup Guidelines 4 Rover receiver setup guidelines For good rover operation, observe the following setup guidelines:

Place the GPS antenna in a location that has a clear line of sight to the sky in all directions. Do not place the antenna near vertical obstructions such as buildings, deep cuttings, site vehicles, towers, or tree canopy. GPS rovers and the base station receive the same satellite signals from the same satellites: if you obscure the signals at times, the system will be unable to provide RTK Fixed positions. Place the GPS and radio antennas as high as possible to minimize multipath from the surrounding area. The receiver must have a clear line of sight to the sky at all times during operation. GPS satellites are constantly moving, Because you cannot measure at a specific location now does not mean that you will not be able to measure there later, when satellite coverage or location improves. Use GPS planning software to identify the daily best and worst satellite coverage times for your location, and then choose measurement times that coincide with optimal GPS performance. This is especially important when operating in the worst GPS locations. The SPS770 Extreme, the SPS850 Extreme, and SPS880 Extreme can track the GPS L2C modernization signal. Additionally, the SPS850 Extreme and SPS880 Extreme can track the GPS L5 modernization signal and the GLONASS satellite constellation. These signals help you to get positions at the worst times of the day and in the worst GPS locations, but do not guarantee that you will. To get a fixed position solution with centimeter accuracy, initialize the rover receiver. For initialization to take place, the receiver must track at least five satellites that the base station is also tracking. In a dual-satellite constellation operation, for example, GPS and GLONASS, the receiver must track at least six satellites. To maintain a fixed position solution, the rover must continuously track at least four satellites that the base station is also tracking, In a dual-satellite constellation operation, for example, GPS and GLONASS, the receiver must track at least five satellites. The radio link between the base and rover receivers must also be maintained. Loss of the satellite signals or loss of the radio link results in a loss of centimeter position accuracy. From Fixed, the receiver changes to Float or Autonomous mode:

- InFloat mode, the rover has connection to the base station through a radio, but has not yet initialized.

- In Autonomous mode, the rover has lost radio contact with the base station receiver, and is working by itself with the available GPS signals. SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 35 4 Setup Guidelines Ona vehicle or marine vessel, place the GPS antenna in a location as free from shock and vibration as possible. For the modular receivers, a single magnetic mount is normally sufficient to hold the antenna in a suitable location, whereas for the larger smart antenna, a triple magnetic mount is normally recommended. Good alternatives include a 5/8" thread bolt in a suitable location on the roof bars, or a door-mounted pole bracket. CAUTION - The SPS880 Extreme is not suited to on-vehicle operation where it will be subject to heavy vibration, that is, operation in rough ungraded terrain. Use in these conditions can damage the SPS880 Extreme.

* Tomount the modular receiver on a pole, use two pole mounting brackets and a second tripod clip (P/N 571 204 300). See Figure 4.1. Figure 4.1. Rod mount for modular receiver To mount the modular receiver on a marine vessel, use the receiver bracket

(P/N 56830-00). For marine moving base and heading applications, use the receiver bracket to mount two receivers together. 36 SP5x50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide Setup Guidelines 4 Make sure that the rover receiver does not lose power. An SPSx50 is typically powered by its internal battery for the entire day. You cannot change the battery, but the charge lasts for longer than a day. The batteries in the SPSx80 can be changed when flat. (See Chapter 3, Batteries and Power). If you do not use the rover receiver very often, ensure that it is charged at least every three months. For vehicle operation or marine vessel operation, Trimble recommends that you use an external power source so that the internal battery can be saved for times when the receiver is being used off the vehicle or vessel. Do not locate the receiver or antenna within 400 meters {1312 ft) of powerful radar, television, cellular communications tower, or other transmitters or GPS antennas. Low-power transmitters, such as those in cellular phones and two-way radios, normally do not interfere with receiver operations. Cellular towers can interfere with the radio and can interfere with GPS signals entering the receiver. High-power signals from a nearby radio or radar transmitter can overwhelm the receiver circuits. This does not harm the receiver, but it can prevent the receiver electronics from functioning correctly. Do not use the rover receiver directly beneath or close to overhead power lines or electrical generation facilities. The electromagnetic fields associated with these utilities can interfere with GPS receiver operation. Other sources of electromagnetic interference include:

- gasoline engines (spark plugs)

- televisions and computer monitors

- alternators and generators

~ electric motors

- equipment with DC-to-AC converters

- fluorescent lights

- _ switching power supplies Trimble recommends that, wherever possible, all GPS receiver equipment is protected from rain or water. Although, the receivers are designed to withstand all wet weather conditions, keeping the receivers dry prolongs the life of the equipment and reduces the effects of corrosion on ports and connectors. If the equipment gets wet, use a clean dry cloth to dry the equipment, and then leave the equipment open to the air to dry. Do not lock wet equipment in a transport case for prolonged periods. Wherever possible, avoid exposing the GPS receiver to corrosive liquids and salt water. If you are using the rover receiver in open spaces, Trimble recommends that you stop work during electrical storms where the risk of lightning strike is high. Where cables are involved, Trimble recommends that you use cable ties to secure the cables to the rod or other equipment to avoid inadvertent snagging while moving about the jobsite. Be careful not to kink, twist, or unnecessarily extend cables, and avoid trapping them in vehicle doors or windows. Damage to cables can reduce the performance of GPS equipment. SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 37 4 Setup Guidelines Internal radio setup for rover operations The internal radio of the SPS GPS receiver is delivered with the transmit (Tx) radio frequencies preprogrammed into the receiver. To add receive (Rx) radio frequencies to 450 MHz radios, use the WinFlash utility (see Appendix C, Adding Internal Radio Frequencies). Radio frequences cannot be added to the 900 MHz radios. Once the radio frequencies are configured, use the controller or receiver to select channel frequencies during base station or rover setup operations. 38 SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide CHAPTER ne i Setting up the Receiver

@ Connecting the receiver to This chapter provides guidelines for setting up external devices the SPSx50 receiver as a base station, or as a w Common ways to set up a base rover receiver in a range of common use station scenarios.

@ Common ways to set up a rover This chapter also describes the procedure for receiver setting up a pair of receivers for heading and

= Setting up a pair of SPSx50 GPS moving base marine construction applications. receivers to provide heading Note ~ This chapter provides setup information for all the receivers in the SPS GPS receiver family. SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 39 5 Setting up the Receiver 40 Connecting the receiver to external devices You can connect an SP$x50 to the following devices:

aTrimble controller running Trimble SCS900 Site Controller software

* an external radio-modem

+ HYDROpro software Trimble controller with SCS900 Site Controller software To connect a Trimble controller that is running the SCS900 Site Controller software to an SPS GPS receiver, use Bluetooth wireless technology ( for all except the SPS770 GPS receiver) or a serial cable. Table 5.1 shows how to connect the cables for each combination of SPS GPS receiver and Trimble controller. Table 5.1 Connecting to a Trimble controller running the SCS900 Site Controller software Use this cable and connect the Cable part number connector ... cable to ... To connect a SPSx50 Modular GPS receiver to a... TSC2 DB9 TSC2 32960 Lemo SPSx50 TCU 6-pin Hirose TCU 53004007 temo SPSx50 TsCe Lemo TSCe 31288-xx Lemo SPSx50 This cable is available in different lengths. The

-xx indicates the length of the cable, in meters. ACU 4-pin Hirose ACU 44147 Lema SPSx5O To connect a SPS770 GPS receiver to a... TSC2 DBS TSc2 32960 Lemo (Port 1) SPS770 TCU 6-pin Hirose TCU 53004007 Lemo (Post 1) SPS770 TSCe Lemo TSCe 31288-xx Lemo (Port 1) SPS770 This cable is available in different tengths. The

-xx indicates the length of the cable, in meters. ACU 4-pin Hirose ACU 44147 Lemo SPSx5O To connect a SP5x80 Smart GPS antenna to a... TSC2 DB9 TSC2 32960 Lemo (Port 1) SPSx80 TCU 6-pin Hirose TCU 53004007 Lemo (Port 1) SPSx80

$PSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide Setting up the Receiver 5 Table 5.1 Connecting to a Trimble controller running the SCS900 Site Controller software Use this cable and connect the Cable part number connector ... cable to ... TsCe Lemo TsCe 31288-1%

Lemo (Port 1} SPSx80 This cable is available in different lengths. The

-xx indicates the length of the cable, in meters. ACU 4-pin Hirose ACU 44147 Lemo SPSx80 External radio-modems The most common data link for Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) operation is a radio. The SPSx50 is available with the following internal radios:

* 410-430 MHz (Tx/Rx, Rx only, or Tx only)

+ 430-450 MHz (Tx/Rx, Rx only, or Tx only)

* 450-470 MHz (Tx/Rx, Rx only, or Tx only)

* 900 MHz (Tx/Rx, Rx only, or Tx only) Note - Tx indicates that the radio transmits corrections. "Rx" indicates that the receiver receives corrections. Tx/Rx" indicates that the radio both transmits and receives corrections. If the SPSx50 does not have an internal transmit radio, or you want to connect to higher power or to a secondary external transmit radio or cellular modem, use the 26-pin port, the Lemo port, or Bluetooth wireless technology. The SPSx50 supports the following Trimble base radios:

| TRIMMARK 3

+ Trimble SNBS00

+ Trimble PDL450

+ Trimble HPB450 The SPSx50 receiver also supports third-party transparent radios and third-party cellular modems, When used with an SPSx50 GPS receiver, most external radios require an external power source. Only the Trimble SNB900 radio-modem has an internal battery and does not require external power. Configure the external radio separately, using either the configuration program for the external radio or the radio display and keypad. To configure the SPSx50 for RTK operation, follow the base setup procedure to set the following parameters:

+ Set the base station coordinates Enable the RTCM or CMR+ corrections stream on the selected serial port. SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 41 5 Setting up the Receiver 42 Common ways to set up a base station You can set up a base station in different ways depending on the application, coverage area, degree of permanence versus mobility, and available infrastructure. Before you set up a base station, please read Chapter 4, Setup Guidelines. Setting up a base station for permanent or semi-permanent installation For construction applications, where machine and site positioning operations using GPS will be carried out over a long time (weeks, months, or years), ensure that you choose the base station location carefully. A semi-permanent or permanent base station helps to eliminate the types of error that can result from repeated daily setups, and ensures that you always use the GPS antenna at the exact original location. The requirement for a permanent base station setup increases as more receivers that use the base station as a source of corrections, increases the cost of any base station downtime. On the largest jobsites, and on those that remain operational for the longest time, a permanent or semi-permanent installation is a popular solution. An SPSx50 or SPS770 GPS receiver is typically used as the base station, located in a site office or trailer where it is easy to access (to check or configure), and where it is secure from theft and the weather. The GPS and radio antennas are normally mounted on a permanent structure on the roof of the building, where they are high and clear from obstructions and where the radio antenna can provide the maximum range of operation. The GPS antenna most commonly used is the Trimble Zephyr Geodetic Model 2. This antenna has a large ground plane that eliminates multipath, providing the best GPS performance at the base location. The antennas are connected to the receiver by high quality RF cables. The receiver is connected to a permanent power supply (mains or generator power). The internal battery of the receiver is always being charged, and acts as an uninterruptible power supply if there is a power failure. In some cases, the receiver may also be connected by an Ethernet cable to the Internet, so that it can be monitored and configured from a remote location, and can warn an administrator by e-mail or text message if there is a change to the configuration. In these situations, the receiver can transmit GPS RTK corrections to a remote radio or receiver over the Internet, for rebroadcast requirements, without using repeaters. SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide Setting up the Receiver 5

Figure 5.1 SPSx50 receiver permanent installation Setting up a base station for daily site use: T-Bar For construction applications where a daily setup and takedown of equipment is required for security reasons, Trimble recommends that. you use a T-Bar setup. The T-Bar consists of a post mounted in concrete (so it cannot move), which has a solid metal T-Bar mounted to it to provide lateral separation between the GPS antenna and radio antenna. The T piece of the T-Bar has a vertical rod at each end. Each end terminates in a 5/8"x11 thread to which the antennas can be mounted. Trimble recommends that one end is clearly marked GPS and the other end is clearly marked Radio s0 that at each daily setup, the GPS and radio antennas are mounted at the same location. Switching antennas by mistake introduces a position error in all resulting measurements. You can buy the parts you need to make a T-Bar from any reputable hardware store. Make certain that the T-Bar cannot rotate after construction. Rotation of the T-Bar can introduce a position error into all subsequent measurements. On the upright post, mount either a bracket (to which the GPS receiver can be mounted), or a well-ventilated lockbox (in which the GPS receiver itself can be secured). SPSx50 Madular GPS Receiver User Guide 43 5 44 Setting up the Receiver Each day, mount the GPS antenna on the GPS end of the T-Bar and the radio antenna on the Radio end of the T-Bar. Connect the antennas to the receiver using the appropriate cables.The receiver uses its own integrated battery, or an external 12 V battery through the 12 V crocodile clips cable that are provided with the receiver. Ifyou choose to use AC power, remember that the heat generated by the charging process and the radio transmitter increases the need for good ventilation around the receiver. Tn such scenarios, an SPSx80 Smart GPS antenna is also often used. Simply mount the SPSx80 on the T-Bar, and optionally connect to an external battery or radio unit. Advantages Use of a T-Bar setup ensures that the base station is set up with exactly the same position and height every day. This helps eliminate the errors typically associated with daily tripod setup. For example, wrong antenna height, base not set up over the point, base set up in the wrong location. System set up on a T-bar showing an external radio antenna to gain longer range Figure 5.2 Setting up a mobile base station: Tripod and fixed height tripod If you are repeatedly moving between jobsites, or if you are visiting a jobsite for the first time before a T-Bar or similar setup can be established, Trimble recommends that you use either a tripod and tribrach setup, or a fixed height tripod. The fixed height tripod is quicker and easier to set up over a control point. Take great care to ensure that the GPS antenna is set up accurately over the control point, and that the GPS antenna height is measured accurately, in the right way (vertical or slope SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide Setting up the Receiver 5 height) to the right location on the antenna (base of antenna or to a specified location on the antenna), When you start the rover receiver, it is extremely important to check in, at one or more known locations, to check for possible position or height errors. Checking in at a known location is good practice and can avoid costly errors caused by a bad setup. Typically, the tripod and fixed height tripod methods do not give significant height clearance above the ground, and can reduce the range of operation caused by radio limitations. Tripod and tribrach setup In the tripod setup, the tripod is located over the contro! point, and the tribrach and tribrach adaptor is mounted on the tripod and centered over the point. 1. Mount the GPS antenna on the tribrach adaptor.

~ Ifyou are using a SPSx80 Smart GPS antenna, use the 25 cm spacer rod provided with the SPSx80 base station accessory kit. This allows the radio antenna in the receiver to clear the head of the tripod. 2. Clip the GPS receiver to the tripod (SPSx50 and SPS770 only). 3. Connect the GPS antenna to the receiver using the appropriate cable (SPSx50 and SPS770 only). 4. Ifnecessary, connect the GPS receiver to an external 12 V power supply. Use the crocodile clip cable or the Trimble custom power pack.

$PSx50 with a low-gain rubber SPSx50 with an external SPSx80 with an internal 450 MHz duck antenna high-gain antenna TX radio Figure 5.3. Tripod and tribrach setup for the SPSx50 and the SPSx80 SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 45 5 Setting up the Receiver Fixed height tripod setup A fixed height tripod setup is similar to a tripod setup, but is simplified by the central leg of the tripod, that is placed directly on the control point. If the central leg is leveled accurately, the fixed height tripod is quick and easy to set up, and provides an accurate way to measure the true antenna height. 1. Set up the tripod over the control point. 2. Attach the GPS antenna to the head of the tripod. 3. Ifusing an external high-gain radio antenna, mount the radio antenna to the radio antenna bracket that is attached to the head of the tripod (beneath the GPS antenna). See Figure 5.4. 4, fusing the SPSx50 Modular GPS receiver, hook the receiver to the center leg of the tripod, using the tripod clip. 5. Ifusing the SPSx80 Smart GPS antenna, you can mount the antenna using the 25 cm spacer rod (supplied with the SPSx80 Base Station Accessory kit) so that the radio antenna clears the head of the tripod. Ye

| Radio antenna bracket 4

, ' u. \

r

$PSx50 with a low-gain rubber SPSx50 with an external high- SPSx80 with an internal 450 MHz duck antenna gain radio antenna TX radio on a fixed height tripod Figure 5.4 Fixed height tripod setup for the SPSx50 and SPSx80 46 SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide

Setting up the Receiver 5 Common ways to set up a rover receiver You can set up a rover receiver in different ways depending on the application. The components that make up a rover receiver are:

GPS receiver GPS antenna controller/computer rod mounting equipment, including a rod, receiver bracket, and controller bracket vehicle mounting equipment, including a suction cup and ball joint, extension arm, controller bracket, magnetic antenna mount, and necessary cables. backpack equipment, including backpack and antenna-mounting rod marine vessel mounting equipment, including receiver bracket, cables, antenna, and radio antenna brackets. Setting up the rover receiver on a jobsite vehicle CAUTION - This following rover setup is suited only to offroad (jobsite) vehicle use. Do not use this method on a vehicle that is driven at speed or in traffic. Do one of the following, depending on your receiver:

- SPSx50 or SPS770: Mount the GPS antenna for the receiver on the roof of the vehicle. Use a single magnetic mount or a 5/8"x11 thread bolt attached to the roof bars. Run the GPS antenna cable for the receiver into the vehicle either through a rubber grommet in the roof, or through the passenger door window, which needs to be left slightly open during operation.

- SPSx80: Mount the receiver on the roof of the vehicle. Use a triple magnetic mount or a 5/8"x11 thread bolt attached to the roof bars. Place and secure the GPS receiver in a convenient location in the vehicle. The GPS receiver can be controlled through the controller connected using Bluetooth wireless technology (SPSx50 or SPSx80) or a cable connected to a port on the receiver (SPS770). The receiver needs to be accessed only to turn it on at the start of each measurement session, It may be more convenient if the SPSx50 is placed in a location where the vehicle operator can see the keypad and display, to monitor receiver status and to configure settings as required. Most receiver capability can be controlled using the SCS900 Site Controller software. Attach the suction cup to the front windscreen, dashboard, or other convenient location in the vehicle, making sure that it does not obstruct the driver's view. SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 47 5 Setting up the Receiver 4. Attach the RAM extension arm to the suction cup, and the controller bracket to the RAM extension arm. 5. Lock the controller into the controller bracket and then adjust the bracket until the controller is in the most convenient location. Make sure that the controller does not restrict visibility through the front windscreen during vehicle use. 6. Lock the brackets so that the controller is held securely. If required, connect either the GPS receiver or the controller to an in-vehicle power supply as needed. Figure 5.5 Configuring SPSx50 from the cab. A Zephyr Modet 2 antenna is mounted on the roof 48 SP5x50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide Setting up the Receiver 5 Setting up the rover receiver on a rod For rod-based operation, mount the SPSx50 Modular GPS receiver as follows:

1. 2. Mount the two rod brackets on the rod. Tighten the top bracket, making sure that it is at a convenient height for the receiver. Place the receiver in the slot in the rod bracket, and secure with the tripod clip. Move the lower rod bracket down until it is over the second tripod clip on the receiver, and then tighten the rod bracket onto the rod. The receiver is held in place between the two brackets. Insert the controller into the controller bracket as shown opposite. Use the 5/8" thread to attach the GPS antenna to the top of the rod. Use the GPS antenna cable to connect GPS antenna to the receiver. For rod-based operation, mount the SPSx80 Smart GPS antenna as follows:

1 Mount the receiver on the top of the rod using the 5/8"x11 thread in the base of the SPSx80. Insert the controller into the controller bracket. The SPSx80 and controller communicates through Bluetooth wireless technology. However, if a cable is required, connect the cable between the controller and receiver (see Figure 5.6 through Figure 5.7). SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 49 5 Setting up the Receiver P/N 53002007 P/N 32960 Cabled connections Bluetooth connections Figure 5.6 Connections for a rover SPSx80 setup, a TSC2 or TCU controller, and a 450 Mhz base station P/N 53002007 P/N 312888-02 P/N 32960 Figure 5.7 Cabled connections for an SPSx80 setup, a TSC2 or TCU controller, and a 900 Mhz base station

(with external power) Setting up a rover receiver on a belt or in a backpack If you prefer to work free of the weight ofa pole, you can mount the rover receiver on a belt (SPS770 or SPSx50 only) or carry it in/on a backpack (all receivers). When you wear the receiver on a belt, ensure that the display is always visible so that you can easily check the status of the receiver. If you carry the receiver in a backpack, use an external radio antenna mount to allow for optimal radio signal reception. If you use a low gain antenna mounted directly on the receiver in a backpack, it may affect the radio signal reception and reduce the likelihood of obtaining an RTK Fixed solution. 50 SP5x50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide Setting up the Receiver 5 Setting up a pair of SPSx50 GPS receivers to provide heading XE The SPS550H receiver is permanently in Heading mode and, when combined with a suitable Trimble receiver, provides GPS heading. Other SPSx50 GPS receivers can be used for heading only if they can operate in Heading mode (see Configuring the receiver pair, page 57). The SPS550H is a dual-frequency GPS receiver with a dual-frequency antenna, but it does not operate as a stand-alone DGPS receiver. To compute a true north heading and to be capable of positioning, the receiver requires an output message from another SPSx50 receiver. To determine the precise vector between two moving objects, pair the

$PS550H Heading add-on with any one of the following SPSx50 receivers:

* SPS550 SPS750 Max SPS850 Connect the antenna on the SPS550H to the other SPSx50 receiver to determine the precise GPS heading between the two antennas. The SPS550H GPS receiver shows the heading on the two-line display, and outputs the heading data in NMEA or binary format. Tip - To create a single, compact GPS position and heading unit, use the mounting frame provided to stack the SPS550H GPS receiver on top of another SP5x50 GPS receiver. See below. Use the Marine Heading Cable (P/N 57169) provided. The Moving Baseline RTK positioning technique In most RTK applications, the reference receiver remains stationary at a known location and the rover receiver can move. However, Moving Baseline RTK is an RTK positioning technique in which both reference and rover receivers can move about. Moving Baseline RTK is useful for GPS applications that require vessel orientation. Antenna Antenna Figure 5.8 Vessel heading from Moving Baseline RTK SP5x50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 54 5 Setting up the Receiver With Moving Baseline RTK, the reference receiver broadcasts Compact Measurement Record (CMR) data every epoch, while the rover receiver performs a synchronized baseline solution at 10 Hz. The resultant baseline solution has centimeter-level accuracy. To increase the accuracy of the absolute location of the two antennas, the Moving Reference receiver can use differential corrections from a static source, such as a shore-based reference station. Mounting a pair of SPSx50 GPS receivers To obtain a position and heading solution, you need to connect two SPSx50 receivers to make one compact unit. A mounting bracket and interconnecting cable is supplied with the SPS550H receiver. Set up the receivers, antennas, and cables as shown in Figure 5.9. Dual-frequency rover antenna Dual-frequency rover antennal a Antenna cable Marine heading cable (P/N 57169) Serial Port 2 SPSS50H SPSS50H Serial Port 2 SPSx50 = DC power . as Mounting bracket

(P/N 56830-00) Figure 5.9 Installation setup for the SPS550H with another SPSx50 receiver for position and heading 52 SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide Setting up the Receiver 5 Assembling the receivers Figure 5.10 shows an SPS550 and an SPS550H set up to provide a Heading solution. To assemble the receivers, you need a Phillips head #1 screwdriver and a 1/4 socket set or wrench (spanner). SPSS50H GPS receiver Other SPSx50 GPS receiver Figure 5.10 Completed assembly with the SP5550H GPS receiver on top To assemble the receivers using the mounting frame that is provided:

1. Invert the SPSx50 GPS receiver and then remove the rubber endcaps. 2. Prepare the flat black plate and the four Posi screws. (These are part of the mounting frame.) 3. Position the black plate on the SPSx50 GPS receiver. SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 53 5 Setting up the Receiver 4, Use the four Posi screws to secure the plate to the receiver. (Secure two screws at each end.) The black plate is now attached to the bottom of the SPSx50 GPS receiver. 5. Replace the rubber endcaps. 6. Invert the SPSx50 receiver again. This returns the receiver to its normal orientation. 7, Set aside the SPSx50 receiver. 8. Invert the SPS550H receiver and then remove the rubber endcaps. 9. Position the black cradle on the SPS550H GPS receiver. (The black cradle is part of the mounting frame.) 10. Use the four Posi screws to attach the black cradle to the receiver. The black cradle is now attached to the bottom of the SPS550H. 54 SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide Setting up the Receiver 5 11. Replace the rubber endcaps. cod gh OR ee 12. Place the black cradle on the black base plate. This places the SPSS50H GPS receiver on top of the SPSx50 GPS receiver. 13. Make sure that the display is facing in the same direction on both receivers. 14, Prepare the eight nuts, spring washers, and flat washers. SP5x50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 55 5 Setting up the Receiver 15. Insert the first bolt. Attach the flat washer, the spring washer, and finally the nut and then tighten firmly, Secure all eight bolts in this way. 16. Attach one connector from the Marine Heading Cable (P/N 57169) to the 26-pin connector on the rear of the SPS550H GPS receiver. Attach the other connector from the cable to the 26-pin connector on the rear of the SPSx50 receiver. The cable can be connected either way around. The cable connects the two GPS receivers so that the Heading solution is available. The DC power lead on the cable supplies power to both receivers in the stack. The two DB9 female connectors on the cable access serial port 2 on each receiver. 56 SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide Setting up the Receiver 5 Installing the receiver Select a location at which all of the following conditions are met:

the receiver is not exposed to temperature extremes the receiver is not exposed to moisture extremes (such as rain, snow, water blasters, or wash systems) the receiver is protected from mechanical damage

* you can connect and disconnect cables without placing undue stress on them Mounting the antennas You must install each antenna at the correct location. Poor or incorrect placement can influence accuracy and reliability. Ideally, mount the two antennas as far apart as possible and at about the same height on the structure. Mount the antennas fore and aft along the vessel centerline or ona line that is at a known orientation to the centerline. Always mount an antenna at a location that ensures a good view of the sky. Follow these guidelines to select the antenna location:

* Choose an area with a clear view of the sky. The antenna must be above any metallic objects.

* Donot mount the antenna close to stays, electrical cables, metal masts, or other antennas.

* Donot mount the antenna near a transmitting antenna, a radar array, or near satellite communication equipment.

* Avoid areas with high vibration, excessive heat, electrical interference, and strong magnetic fields. Use a 5/8"X11 stainless steel bolt to mount each of the antennas. There is a threaded bolt hole in the base of the antenna, Configuring the receiver pair One of the receivers must be nominated as a Heading unit. The other receiver is nominated as a Moving Base unit. For this configuration to work, you must use the Marine heading cable (P/N 57169). To set up the Heading unit:

1. From the Home screen, press 2) twice. The Mode screen appears. SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 57 Setting up the Receiver 58 2. Select Heading mode, The SPSx50 display shows two extra settings for heading:

Heading Adjustment, Enter a positive value in decimal degrees. The value is applied to the raw heading value before it is output in the NMEA HDT message or displayed on the front panel of the receiver. This value is used when the two antennas are not mounted parallel to the vessel axis. Minimum Heading Solution. Enter the minimum requirement for the GPS solution that will provide the heading value. The default of RTK Fixed provides the highest precision, but in conditions of extreme multipath or obstruction, an RTK Fixed solution may not be continuously available. In such conditions, select RTK Float if a lower precision is acceptable. To set up the Moving Base unit:

1, From the Home screen, press >) twice. The Mode screen appears. 2. Select Moving Base mode. Interfacing using the NMEA protocol The SPS550H GPS receiver can output messages such as NMEA HDT for heading, and NMEA GGA for position. The SPS550H always reports the solution status of the moving baseline solution that is being used to compute the heading. For example, the Modem (serial port 2) on the SPS750, which is typically RTK Fixed Integer. However, if the external computer must know the exact quality of the position, you can use the NMEA output from the base receiver. The base receiver reports the solution status of the position, for example, Fixed Integer, Floating, or DGPS. SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide CHAPTER 6 Configuring the SPSx50 Using the Keypad and Display In this chapter:

Button functions Power button operations Home screen Status screens Configuring the SPSx50 as a base receiver Configuring the SPSx50 as a rover receiver Configuring system settings The receiver features a keypad and display (see Keypad and display, page 22) so that you can configure the receiver without using a controller or computer. SP5x50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 59 6 Configuring the SPSx50 Using the Keypad and Display Button functions The SPSx50 has seven buttons on the front panel to control the receiver. Use the buttons to turn the receiver on and off and to check or change the receiver settings. Button Name Function Power Escape Enter Up Down Left Right Turns the receiver on and off. To turn the receiver off, hold the Power button for two seconds. Returns to the previous screen or cancels changes being made ona screen. Advances to the next screen or accepts changes made on a screen. Moves the cursor between multiple fields on a screen or makes changes to an editable field. Moves the cursor between multiple fields on a screen or makes changes to an editable field. Moves the cursor between characters in a field that can be changed. Moves the cursor between characters ina field that can be changed. Press this button to enter Edit mode. Power button operations Press the Power button @) to turn the receiver on and off. In addition, you can tap the Power button to return to the Home screen, or hold down the Power button to perform the following operations:

To... Hold the Notes button for ... turn off the receiver two seconds The display shows a countdown timer. When the display goes blank, release the Power button. clear the almanac, 15 seconds The display show a countdown timer. When the display goes ephemeris, and SV blank, continue to hold the Power button. The display shows a information countdown time to clear the almanac and ephemeris. When the counter reaches 0, release the Power button. reset the receiver to its 35 seconds The display show a countdown timer. When the display goes factory defaults and blank, continue to hold the Power button. The display show a the default application file countdown to clear the almanac and ephemeris. When the counter reaches 0, continue to hold the Power button. The display indicates a countdown to resetting the receiver. When the counter reaches 0, release the Power button. force the receiver to at least 60 {f the method above does not work, use this method to force power down seconds the receiver to turn off. When the Power LED goes off, release the Power button. 60 SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide Configuring the SPSx50 Using the Keypad and Display 6 Home screen The Home screen is the main screen displayed on the SPSx50 receiver. If the receiver is displaying another screen and is left idle for 60 seconds, you are returned to the Home screen. It shows the following information:

+ Number of satellites being tracked Internal battery power remaining

* Current mode configuration

+ Internal radio activity Internal radio channel or network Status screens The SPSx50 GPS receivers have several view-only status screens that allow you to review the current settings of the receiver. The status screens provide the following information:

Position solution

* CMR and RTCM IDs Base name and code

+ Latitude, longitude, and height

+ Antenna height Horizontal and vertical precision Receiver firmware version Receiver serial number Receiver IP address To access these screens from the Home screen, press or . Configuring the SPSx50 as a base receiver To set up the SPSx50 as a base receiver, use AutoBase technology, the Trimble SCS900 Site Controller software, or the receiver keypad. The AutoBase feature automatically configures the receiver settings for you; there is no need to use the keypad. The receiver obtains a position and outputs RTK corrections on the internal radio (if available) or on the LEMO port. See Chapter 8, Automatically Setting up a Mobile Base Station Using AutoBase Technology. The receiver is configured step-by-step to ensure that all appropriate oS" are configured. To move between steps in the configuration process, press <7. SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 641 6 Configuring the SPSx50 Using the Keypad and Display 62 Configuring the receiver L In the Home screen, press . Use the Operation Mode screen to configure system settings, mode settings, or to view the SV (satellite) status. Mode Settings is the default setting. Press . Use the Mode screen to select whether the receiver will operate as a base or rover. Base is the default setting, Press . Use the Base Station screen to select whether the receiver is going to use a Here position or if the current coordinates in the receiver will be changed. Press), When Edit Current begins to flash, the receiver is in Edit mode and you can change the current setting. Press . The setting changes to New Base (Here). Press to accept the change. Press again. The Base Name screen appears. See next. Changing the name and description of the base station In the Base Name screen:

L 10. 11. Press . When the first character of the base name begins to flash, the receiver is in Edit mode and you can change the current setting. Press or to change the value of the character. Press@ to move the cursor to the next character. Repeat Step 2 through Step 3 to enter the name of the base station. The name can be up to 16 characters. Press e to accept the change. Press again. Use the Base Code screen to change the code (description) for the base station. Press . When the first character of the base code begins to flash, the receiver is in Edit mode and you can change the current setting. Press or @ to change the value of the character. Press to move the cursor to the next character, Repeat Step 7 through Step 8 to enter the code of the base station. The code can be up to 16 characters. Press to accept the change. Press again. The Base Latitude screen appears. See next. SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide Configuring the SPSx50 Using the Keypad and Display 6 Setting the reference latitude, longitude, and height of the base station In the Base Latitude screen:

L. 2. The base was set up with a Here position, so press . The Base Longitude screen is used to change the reference longitude of the base station. The base was set up with a Here position, so press 6. The Point Height screen is used to change the reference height of the base station. The base was set up with a Here position, so press . Use the Antenna Type screen to select the type of antenna used with the receiver. Press=/. When the antenna name begins to flash, the receiver is in Edit mode and you can select an antenna, Press @ to scroll through the antenna models. Once the correct antenna name appears, press 2) to accept the change. Press 2 again. The Measured To screen appears. See next. Measuring and changing the antenna height In the Measured To screen:

1. ye PN DH Press) . When the antenna measurement method begins to flash, the receiver is in Edit mode and you can select an antenna measurement method. Press @ to scroll through the measurgment methods. Once the correct measurement method appears, press e to accept the change. Press 6. Use the Antenna Height screen to change the height of the antenna. Press . When the first character of the antenna height begins to flash, the receiver is in Edit mode and you can change the antenna height. Press or @ to change the value of the character. Press to move the cursor to the next character. Repeat Step 5 through Step 6 to enter the height of the antenna. Press 2) to accept the change. Press again. The Output screen appears. See next. Outputting corrections In the Output screen:

se yMe Press to enter Edit mode for the port. Press Oor @ to change which port will be used to output corrections. Press to accept the change. Press @ to move the cursor to the Format field. SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 63 6 Configuring the SP5x50 Using the Keypad and Display Press) to enter Edit mode for the format. Press or @ to change which correction message will be output on the port. Press eo again. Use the NMEA screen to set up NMEA outputs from the receiver. Press to accept the default of no NMEA messages. 5. 6. 7. Press eo to accept the change. 8. 9. 10. Use the GSOF screen to set up GSOF outputs from the receiver. Press 9 to accept the default of no GSOF messages. 11. Use the R717 screen to set up RT17 outputs from the receiver. Press eo to accept the default of no RT17 messages. The Home screen appears and the base setup is complete. Configuring the SPSx50 as a rover receiver You can use the Trimble $CS900 Site Controller software or the receiver keypad to set up the SPSx50 base receiver. The receiver is configured step by step to ensure that all appropriate ae are configured. To move between steps in the configuration process, press Configuring the receiver 1. Inthe Home screen, press . Use the Operation Mode screen to configure system settings, mode settings, or to view the SV (satellite) status. Mode Settings is the default setting. 2. Press . Use the Mode screen to select whether the receiver will operate as a base or rover. 3. Press _ When the mode begins to flash, the receiver is in Edit mode and you can change this setting. 4. Press @ to change to Rover. 5. Press to accept the change. 6. Press So again to move to the Elevation mask and RTK mode screen. See next. Changing the elevation mask and RTK mode 1. Press, When the value for the current elevation mask begins to flash, the receiver is in Edit mode and you can change the setting. 2. Press @ to change the elevation mask to the required value. Note - Trimble recommends that you do not set the elevation mask to a value lower than 10 degrees. 3. Press to accept the change. 64 5PSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide Configuring the SPSx50 Using the Keypad and Display 6 Press . 4. 5. Inthe Mode field, press, When the current mode begins to flash, the receiver is in Edit mode and you can change this setting. 6. Press @ to change the desired RTK mode of the receiver. 7. Press to accept the change. 8. Press again. The Antenna Type screen appears. See next. Selecting the antenna In the Antenna Type screen:

1 Press). When the antenna name begins to flash, the receiver is in Edit mode and you can select the type of antenna that is to be used with the receiver. Press @ to scroll through the antenna models. Once the correct antenna name appears, press to accept the change. Press again. The NMEA screen appears. See next. Outputting corrections In the NMEA screen, set up outputs from the receiver:

1 2. Press to accept the default of no NMEA messages. Use the GSOF screen to set up GSOF outputs from the receiver. Press eo to accept the default of no GSOF messages. Use the RTJ7 screen to set up RT17 outputs from the receiver. Press Q to accept the default of no RT17 messages. The Home screen appears, and the base setup is complete. Configuring system settings You can use the keypad and display of the SPSx50 receiver to configure the following receiver settings:

Display language Display and input units Baud rate, parity, data bits, and stop bits for serial ports Display power saver AutoBase warning SP5x50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 65 6 Configuring the SPSx50 Using the Keypad and Display 66 To access the system settings:

1. aa fk w 10. ll. 12. 13. 14. In the Home screen, press . Use the Operation Mode screen to configure system settings or mode settings, and to view the SV (satellite) status. Mode Settings is the default setting. Press, When the operation mode begins to flash, the receiver is in Edit mode and you can change this setting. Press @ to change to System Setup. Press So to accept the change. Press Q again. Use the Display Language screen, if necessary, to change the language. Choose English, French, German, Italian, or Spanish. Press & to accept the change. Press again. Use the Display and Input Units screen, if necessary, to change the units to Meters or Feet. Press to accept the change. Press 9 again. Use the Port Settings screen, if necessary, to change the port. Press e to accept the change. Press again. Use the Screen Pwr Savr screen to choose On, Off, or Auto. Ifyou use the Auto setting, the screen turns off after 60 seconds of inactivity. The Power LED remains lit so that you can tell if the recgjver is on or off. If an error message appears, the screen comes back on. Press ( to accept the change and then press again to move to the next screen. If you are using an SPS750 or SPS850, the Autobase warning screen appears. See Chapter 8, Automatically Setting up a Mobile Base Station Using AutoBase Technology. Press to accept the change. Press Se again, When the Home screen appears. the system setup is complete.

$PSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide CHAPTER Configuring the Receiver Settings In this chapter:

Using the SCS900 Site Controller software to configure the base station, the rover, and the radios Configuring the receiver to log data for postprocessing m Configuring Ethernet settings Configuring the SPSx50 receiver using a web browser You can configure the SPS GPS receiver family in avariety of ways, This chapter describes the different configuration methods, and explains when and why each method is used. The SCS900 Site Controller software is likely to be your main tool to set up and operate the receiver ona daily basis, All necessary field configurations are handled through the SCS900 software running on a TSC2 or TCU controller. For more information, refer to the Trimble SCS900 Site Controller Software Getting Started Guide or the Trimble SCS900 Site Controller Software Office Guide. The external software detailed in this chapter is primarily used to update the receiver firmware and to configure upgrades or radio channels. SP5x50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 67 7 Configuring the Receiver Settings Using the $CS900 Site Controller software to configure the base station, the rover, and the radios As part of a total system solution for construction applications, the SPS GPS receivers are operated by a TSCe, ACU, TCU, or TSC2 controller running the SCS900 Site Controller software. The $CS900 Site Controller software provides the tools to configure and start the GPS receiver in the modes used by the SCS900 system: Base Station, RTK Rover, DGPS Rover, OmniSTAR rover, SBAS Rover (using WAAS/EGNOS and MSAS). Wizards help you through the process and, where possible, assign suitable default operational parameters to the system. This eliminates the need for an operator to know how to configure the receiver with the right settings. The SCS900 Site Controller software manages:

the radio, whether internal or external

* _ allcellular communications components, such as modems and cellphones the use of the Bluetooth wireless technology The software also scans communication ports on the receiver to identify connected devices. If the software cannot automatically identify the connected component, for example, a GPS antenna, it offers options (often with graphics) to help you manually select the correct component. The $CS900 Site Controller software allows you to set operational tolerances and settings (such as those shown below), which must be achieved before measurements can be accepted. When outside of these tolerances, the SCS900 Site Controller software warns you through on-screen messages or indications, and the non-

automatic acceptance of recorded positions. To set operational tolerances, go to the the Settings menu in the SCS900 Site Controller software. Changing the elevation mask generally will not Improve recelver's performance. Enter new value:

Degrees Sats Used: 9 Pasition: Float Precision:

Horz: 0.038 m Yert: 0.030 m Use GLONASS

[GD concer ov 600 nea Example 1: From the Sky Plot screen, press Ctrl+M to open this screen and change the angle below which the receiver will not track satellites Example 2: Use the Sky Plot screen to set if the receiver will track GLONASS satellites 68 SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide Configuring the Receiver Settings 7 Configuring the receiver to log data for postprocessing The SPS GPS receivers do not come equipped with the Data Logging option. The receivers can have this added either at the time of purchase, or at a later date as an option. With the Data Logging option enabled, the receiver has available memory that facilitates the collection of GPS observations over a period of time, and that can be used with GPS postprocessing software such as the Trimble Geomatics Office for the computation of control networks and baselines. Note - The SCS900 system does not support postprocessed applications. Trimble recommends that you use either the front panel keypad and display, the Web User Interface, or (SPS770, SPSx80 only) the GPS Configurator software to configure the receiver for postprocessed measurement sessions. Configuring Ethernet settings The SPSx50 receiver has an Ethernet port so that the receiver can connect to an Ethernet network. You can use the Ethernet network to access, configure, and monitor the receiver. No serial cable connection to the receiver is necessary. The SPSx50 receiver requires the following Ethernet settings:

TP setup: Static or DHCP e IP address

+ Netmask

+ Broadcast

+ Gateway DNS address

+ HTTP port The default setting for the HTTP port is 80. The HTTP port is not assigned by the network. HTTP port 80 is the standard port for web servers. This allows you to connect to the receiver by entering only the IP address of the receiver in a web browser. If the SPSx50 receiver is set up to use a port other than 80, you will need to enter the IP address followed by the port number in a web browser. Example of connecting to the receiver using port 80: http://169,254.1.0 Example of connecting to the receiver using port 4000: http://169.254.1.0:4000 The default setting of the SPSx50 receiver is to use DHCP. Using DHCP enables the receiver to obtain the IP address, Netmask, Broadcast, Gateway, and DNS address from the network. SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 69 7 Configuring the Receiver Settings 70 When an SPSx50 receiver is connected to a network using DHCP, an IP address is assigned to the receiver by the network. To verify the IP address of the receiver, select the up button from the keypad when the Home screen is displayed. The Ethernet IP address appears as shown. If your network installation requires the receiver to be configured with a static IP address, you can configure the Ethernet settings using the web server or the WinFlash utility. The web server can be only used when the receiver is connected to a network and has a valid Ethernet configuration. Use the WinFlash utility to configure the Ethernet settings of a receiver that is to be connected to a network that requires static IP addresses:

1. Contact the network administrator for the correct settings for the SPSx50 receiver. 2. Connect the SPSxS0 receiver to a computer running the WinFlash utility using the serial cable provided with the receiver. 3. Turn on the SPSx50 receiver. 4. Onthe computer, start the WinFlash utility. 5. From the Device Configuration screen, select Trimble SPSx50 Receiver. From the PC serial port \ist, select the appropriate PC serial port. Click Next:

The devices which WirFlash can communicate with are isied below. Select device and PC seriat port to ute, and press Next to continue. Device Configuration SP5x50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide Configuring the Receiver Settings 7 6. From the Operation Selection screen, select Configure ethernet settings, and then click Next:

The operations supported by the Trimble SPSXEQ Paro Fleceiver aro feted below. Select an operation to petorm and press Next to conlinue. Configuie radio settings Load GPS software oad intemal ado software Findate tacniver antinne Descaps Configure the ethernet settings _cBeck [Tne] __caneat | _ He 7, From the Settings Review screen, click Finish:

Connect the SPSX5O fo COM1 of the PC using the WinFlash 089 cable, Review the settings below and press Finish to start the Configure ethernet settings. Cumrert Settings

[Pevics conigaciion Teinble SPSXBO Receiver connected to COMt Configare ethernet settings i poe to perfor:

i __stet (EERBRT] core | oe |

Once the WinFlash utility connects to the receiver, the Ethernet Configuration dialog appears. SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 71 7 Configuring the Receiver Settings 8. Enter the network settings in the Ethernet Configuration dialog. Click OK:

Ethernet settings IP Setup: IPs IPAdess; (192. 168. 1 Netmask [256 . 255 256 Broadcast, [192 -

Gateway DNS Ackkess HTTP settings ServerPot: (80 re The Broadcast setting is the IP address that is used to broadcast to all devices on the subnet. This is usually the highest address (usually 255) in the subnet. Configuring the SPSx50 receiver using a web browser The SPSx50 receiver can be configured using the keypad and display, Trimble SCS900 Site Controller software, or a web browser. This section describes how to set up the receiver using a web browser. Supported browsers

* Mozilla Firefox version 1.07 or later (version 1.50 is recommended for Windows, Macintosh, and Linux operating systems)

* Microsoft Internet Explorer version 6.00 or later for Windows operating systems 72 SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide Configuring the Receiver Settings To connect to the receiver using a web browser:

1. Enter the IP address of the receiver into the address bar of the web browser as shown:

Ele Edt View Go Bookmarks Tools a: BS Bes If security is enabled on the receiver, the web browser prompts you to enter a username and password:

+) Enter usernane and password for Trmnble at 68.166, 186.39:26001 User amet

[aon wy Se - veo.yn169.254.1.07 Password:

ree The default login values for the SPSx50 receiver are:

- User Name: admin

- Password: password If you cannot connect to the receiver, the password for the root account may have been changed, or a different account may be being used. Contact your receiver administrator for the appropriate login information. SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 73 7 7 Configuring the Receiver Settings Once you are logged in, the welcome web page (see Figure 7.1) appears. Model name of receiver Serial number of receiver SPS850 ELM LEd Available ve Trimbie - SPS Receiver languages t Menus Figure 7.1. SPS GPS receiver Home webpage Changing the settings Use the webpage to configure the receiver settings. The web interface shows the configuration menus on the left of the browser window, and the settings on the right. Each configuration menu contains related submenus to configure the receiver and monitor receiver performance. Note - The configuration menus available vary based on the version of the SPSx50 receiver, Asummary of each configuration menu is provided here. For more detailed information about each of the receiver settings, select the Help menu. To display the web interface in another language, click the corresponding country flag. The web interface is available in the following languages:

+ English + Italian

+ German + Russian

+ French Chinese Spanish + Japanese 74 SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide Configuring the Receiver Settings 7 Receiver Status menu The Receiver Status menu provides a quick link to review the receiver's available options, current firmware version, IP address, temperature, runtime, satellites tracked, current outputs, available memory, position information, and more. This figure shows an example of the screen that appears when you select Receiver Status / Identity.

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Tracking (Sky Plot). SPS850 PemererEt Tiers 76 SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide Configuring the Receiver Settings 7 Data Logging menu Use the Data Logging menu to set up the SPSx50 receiver to log static GPS data. This menu is available only if the receiver has the Data Logging option enabled. You can also configure settings such as observable rate, position rate, continuous logging, continuous logging rate, and whether to auto delete old files if memory is low. This figure shows an example of the screen that appears when you select Data Logging

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AZ fo CES Nesec aM Smeow Fseudonange OU ot Amoun Phase Gin Gt Logging Gon OCH Contmaus Logging OOn Cit eee ene ar Continuous Logaeng Pate ad Hour ano Delete Sn OOH XH Cancer |

SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 77 7 Configuring the Receiver Settings Receiver Configuration menu Use the Receiver Configuration menu to configure such settings as elevation mask and PDOP mask, the antenna type and height, the reference station position, and the reference station name and code. This figure shows an example of the screen that appears when you select Receiver Configuration | Summary. SPS850 CORRECTLY Receiver Configuration creamery :

Elevation Magk: 30 POOP Mask: ?

Clock Steering: Drsabled Evereot Nemipoth Mitigation: Erobled Antenna: cy Antenna Type: Papas Gee Nii?

Antenna Height: 6000 fen}

RTK Mode: LowLatency Motion: Static

% Reference Latilude: erono HnOHCN Reference Longitude: rue pa Reference Height: B00 fm RTCMIO: "

CMRID: u Station Name: CREROOOT Ethernet IP: 169 28410 System Nome: Tonuble DNS resolved nome: KEINE Serial Number: AGN, E Fimwware Version: 1155 Firmware Date: 200s 11 i eee 78 SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide Configuring the Receiver Settings 7 VO Configuration menu Use the //O Configuration menu to set up all outputs of the SPSx50 receiver. The receiver can output CMR, RTCM, NMEA, GSOF, RT17, or BINEX messages. These messages can be output on TCP/IP, UDP, serial, Bluetooth, or radio ports. This figure shows an example of the screen that appears when you select //O Configuration / Port Summary. SPS850 SLL rey Lema (34k easean $id Mower 21384 TY

$P5x50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 79 7 Configuring the Receiver Settings Bluetooth menu Use the Bluetooth menu to configure the receiver to connect to other Trimble devices that use Bluetooth wireless technology. These devices can be used to configure the receiver, and generate or receive corrections. The following Trimble devices can be connected to the SPSx60 receiver using Bluetooth wireless technology:

TSC2 controller TCUcontroller

+ TSCe controtler ACUcontroller

+ SNB900 radio-modem

+ Other Bluetooth-enabled SPS GPS receivers This figure shows an example of the screen that appears when you select Bluetooth /

Info. SPS850 MLL CUTS Chutoomn MAC Address 00 60.37 26 54 19 Dincaverabie:

80 5P5x50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide Configuring the Receiver Settings Radio menu Use the Radio menu to configure the internal radio of the receiver, if applicable. The SPSx50 receivers are available with 410-430 MHz, 430-450 MHz, 450-470 MHz, or 900 MHz radios. The SPS550H receiver does not have an internal radio. This figure shows an example of the screen that appears when you select Radio. SPS850 ELLE Ly Radio Configuration tlarciecara typ faker al SIG Mieke anges Raravare 60 B Hardware veraon 1 Furrravare version ala

: Mt 5} 900 MHz Radia Parameters. SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 7 81 7 Configuring the Receiver Settings OmniSTAR menu All SPSx50 receivers, except the SPS550H, can receive OmniSTAR corrections. By default, OmniSTAR tracking is turned on in the receiver. To receive OmniSTAR corrections, you must set the receiver to track OmniSTAR satellites and it must have a valid OmniSTAR subscription. The receiver can position with OmniSTAR XP or HP. To purchase a subscription for your receiver, contact OmniSTAR at:

www.OmniSTAR.com North & South America, 1-888-883-8476 or 1-713-785-5850 Europe & Northern Africa, 31-70-317-0900 Australia & Asia, 61-8-9322 5295 Southern Africa, 27 21 552 0535 This figure shows an example of the screen that appears when you select OmniSTAR /

Configuration. BB Dea DU & Pramas YG. SPS850 PUREE SEC CLELy OmniSTAR Configuration petted Tomek we Sname dtu

$2 SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide Configuring the Receiver Settings 7 Internet Configuration menu Use the internet Configuration menu to configure Ethernet settings, e-mail alerts, PPP connection, HTTP port, FTP port, and VFD port settings of the receiver. For information on the Ethernet settings, see Configuring Ethernet settings, page 69. The VED port allows you to use the SPSx50 Remote Control application to view and navigate the SPSx50 receiver through a mock display and keypad interface. To allow the SPSx50 Remote Control to connect to the receiver, you need to enable the VFD port. To do this, select Internet Configuration / VFD. This figure shows an example of the screen that appears when you select Internet Configuration / Ethernet. SPS850 ee ELC LL!

Ethernet Configuration Stored eattings AR tap SHED ow BP adstess

: Netrasic Etiadcest OHCS we and at 255 286.20 aonn aa00 Lisudkess OOO DNS domat:

Hostnerne PA O-OOS SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 83 7 Configuring the Receiver Settings Security menu Use the Security menu to configure the login accounts for all users who will be permitted to configure the SPSx50 receiver using a web browser. Each account consists of a. username, password, and permissions. Administrators can use this feature to limit access to other users. Security can be disabled for a receiver. However. Trimble discourages this as it makes the receiver susceptible to unauthorized configuration changes. This figure shows an example of the screen that appears when you select Security /

Configuration. SPS850 ESPRESSO LS Add User?

Usersaatee Passwora Lb Pasta

[est User Fie Download File Delete Receiver Config cGstee) 84 SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide Configuring the Receiver Settings 7 Firmware menu Use the Firmware menu to verify the current firmware and load new firmware to the SPSx50 receiver. You can upgrade firmware across a network or from a remote location without having to connect to the receiver with a serial cable. This figure shows an example of the screen that appears when you select Firmware. SPS850 she sgugqongZs Firmevark Warranty Date 3007 4.07 B Acive Pirmeate Version 056. Aetien Finraave Date: 204 Acave Firmware Checksum 848p5t SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 85 7 Configuring the Receiver Settings 86 The Help menu provides information on each of the receiver settings available in a web browser, Selecting the Help menu opens new windows. Select the section of the Help that you want to view. The Help files are stored on the Trimble Internet site and are updated between firmware releases. If you do not have access to the Internet, there is also a copy of the receiver Help files on the Trimble SPS GPS Receiver CD. (This copy shows the Help files as they were when the CD was published). This figure shows an example of the screen that appears when you select Help. Seow Tet SRE Weasker Boater See Reaper ip kes:

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CHAPTER i Automatically Setting up a Mobile Base Station Using AutoBase Technology In this chapter:

AutoBase Warning m Working with AutoBase technology

@ Scenario One: First visit toa site with AutoBase Warning turned off

@ Scenario Two: First visit to a site with AutoBase Warning turned on m Scenario Three: Repeat visit to a site with AutoBase Warning turned off

@ Scenario Four: Repeat visit to a site with AutoBase Warning turned on m@ Flowchart showing the AutoBase process The AutoBase technology is a feature of the Trimble SPSx50 receivers that enables you to reduce daily setup time for mobile base stations and to reduce the likelihood of using incorrect base station coordinates during setup. The AutoBase feature allows you to set up a SPSx50 receiver as a base station receiver and save you time so you do not need to reconfigure the receiver at the start of each day. It also allows you to set up the base station on a new site without needing to configure the settings in the receiver. Even if you have used the AutoBase feature in other Trimble receivers, Trimble recommends that you read this chapter carefully because new functions in this feature provide greater benefit to you. SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 87 8 Automatically Setting up a Mobile Base Station Using AutoBase Technology AutoBase Warning The AutoBase Warning, when enabled, prevents the receiver from creating a new base station position and begin operating as an RTK base station when no previous base station position exists that corresponds to the current position of the receiver. When the AutoBase Warning is on, the receiver will not begin transmitting RTK corrections from a base position (latitude, longitude, and height) that is not a part of the GPS site calibration. When the AutoBase Warning is off, the receiver begins transmitting RTK corrections from a new base position. You need only turn on the receiver the first time on a point, and you do not need to manually configure the base station settings. By default, the SPSx50 receivers have the AutoBase Warning turned on. The receiver uses the AutoBase Warning setting to control how the receiver performs when different criteria are met. You can turn the AutoBase Warning on or off using the keypad and display. For more information, see Configuring system settings, page 65. Working with AutoBase technology This section contains some example scenarios. In each section, there is a step-by-step process that explains what you will experience in each scenerio. Scenario One: First visit to a site with AutoBase Warning turned off The following actions occur when you set up the base station for the first time on a new point and the AutoBase Warning is turned off:

1. Turn on the receiver. The receiver begins tracking satellites. The receiver determines the current position. The receiver reviews the previous base station positions stored in the receiver. ys YD The receiver does not find any base station that corresponds to the current position. a The receiver creates a new base station location for the current location. 7. The receiver sets the antenna height to 0. The antenna height is measured to the antenna phase center. CAUTION - On each reoccupation of the point, you must ensure that the receiver antenna is set up in exactly the same location and at exactly the same height. Trimble also recommends that you use a T-bar or Fixed height tripod so that the position is easy to re-establish. Failure to achieve the same height position for the antenna results in errors in heights in subsequent measurements. SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide Automatically Setting up a Mobile Base Station Using AutoBase Technology 8 Where you set up each time with potentially different antenna heights, Trimble recommends that on the first setup after AutoBase has completed its process, that you edit the antenna height (using the receiver keypad and display). The updated antenna height changes the AutoBase setup, so that on subsequent setups, when you again change the antenna height, you will get correct height information during measurement, At the first setup, Trimble recommends that you change the AutoBase setup and antenna height before you carry out a site calibration. The receiver begins generating RTK CMR+ corrections. The RTK corrections begin streaming over the internal radio. If there is no internal radio, the receiver defaults to streaming the corrections on the Lemo port. Scenario Two: First visit to a site with AutoBase Warning turned on The following actions occur when you set up the base station for the first time on a point, and the AutoBase Warning is turned on:

L 2, 3. 4, 5. S Turn on the receiver. The receiver begins tracking satellites. The receiver determines the current position. The receiver reviews the base positions stored in the receiver. The receiver does not find any base station that corresponds to the current position. The receiver displays a warning that AutoBase has failed. No RTK corrections are streamed until the base station is set up using the keypad and display or an SCS900 controller. Scenario Three: Repeat visit to a site with AutoBase Warning turned off The following actions occur when you repeat a base station setup on a point, and the AutoBase Warning is turned off:

1. 2 3. 4, 5. Turn on the receiver. The receiver begins tracking satellites. The receiver determines the current position. The receiver reviews the base station positions stored in the receiver. The receiver finds a base station position that corresponds to the current position. The receiver loads the previous base information. SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 89 8 Automatically Setting up a Mobile Base Station Using AutoBase Technology 90 A 7. The antenna type, antenna height and measurement method used in the previous setup of this base station are applied. CAUTION - if the antenna height is different to the previous setup, then you must enter the corrected height for the antenna (using the keypad and display) before starting measurements, Failure to achieve the correct antenna height position for the antenna results in errors in heights in subsequent measurements. 8. The receiver begins generating RTK CMR+ corrections. 9. The RTK corrections begin streaming on the radio or port defined in the application file. Scenario Four: Repeat visit to a site with AutoBase Warning turned on The following actions occur when you repeat a base station setup on a point, and the AutoBase Warning is turned on:

1, Turn on the receiver. The receiver begins tracking satellites. 2. 3. The receiver determines the current position. 4. The receiver reviews the base station positions stored in the receiver. 5, The receiver finds a base station position that corresponds to the current position. a Since a base station position is found, the AutoBase warning does not appear. 7. The receiver loads the previous base information. 8. The antenna type, antenna height, and measurement method used in the previous setup of this base station are applied. CAUTION - If the antenna height is different from the previous setup, then you must enter the corrected height for the antenna (using the keypad and display) before starting measurements. Failure to achieve the correct antenna height position for the antenna results in errors in heights in subsequent measurements. 9. The receiver begins generating RTK CMR+ corrections. 10. The RTK corrections begin streaming on the radio or port defined in the previous setup of this base station. Note - Autobase recalls base station positions that are stored in the receiver. If the receiver has been previously set up on a control point but the stored base station position is not found in the receiver, it is possible that the information may have accidently been deleted. In this case, use the display and keypad or the SCS900 system to manually set up the base station. Make sure that you use the same base station latitude, longitude, and height as in the previous setup otherwise you will experience position or height errors in all subsequent measurements. SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide Trimble recommends that after any new base station setup, or at the start of each measurement session, you measure a known point to verify that position and height errors are within tolerance. This is good practice and it takes just a few seconds to eliminate potentially gross errors typically associated with repeated daily base station setups. Flowchart showing the AutoBase process Figure 8.1 shows the AutoBase process. Automatically Setting up a Mobile Base Station Using AutoBase Technology 8 Power On Recover Receiver fooks for appieaton tes bo application files oxist?

No 1} vs is AutoBase warning oneron? ary appiication 4 file that corresponds with the On * on current positon?

ispley Ne =

AutoBase Create new jp}

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+ Make mast Make new vse cer Auto correspond ing | rented pplication eppleaton cats io acto tloacive ical Figure 8.1 Autobase feature SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 31 8 Automatically Setting up a Mobile Base Station Using AutoBase Technology 92. SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide CHAPTER Default Settings In this chapter: All settings are stored in application files. The default application file, Default.cfg, is stored permanently in the receiver, and contains the m Resetting the receiver to factory factory default settings for the SPSx50. Whenever defaults the receiver is reset to its factory defaults, the current settings (stored in the current application file, Current.cfg) are reset to the values in the default application file. m Default receiver settings m Data Logging option SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 93 9 Default Settings Default receiver settings These settings are defined in the default application file. Function Factory default SV Enabie All SVs enabled General Controls: Elevation mask 10 PDOP mask 7 RTK positioning mode Low Latency Motion Kinematic Lemo Port: Baud rate 38,400 Format 8-None-1 Flow control None Modem Port: Baud rate 38,400 Format 8-None-1 Flow control None Input Setup: Station Any NMEA/ASCII (all supported messages) All ports Off Streamed output All types Off Offset = 00 RT17/Binary All ports Off Reference position: Latitude a Longitude o Altitude 0.00 m HAE (Height above ellipsoid) Antenna: Type Zephyr Geodetic Model 2 Height (true vertical) 0.00 m Measurement method True vertical Resetting the receiver to factory defaults To reset the receiver to its factory defaults, press (2) for 35 seconds. Data Logging option By default, the Data Logging option is turned off in SPS GPS receivers. If you choose to log data using a GPS receiver, you must enable the option and acquire suitable GPS postprocessing software, such as the Trimble Geomatics Office software. For more information, please contact your Trimble dealer. Postprocessed GPS data is typically used for control network measurement applications and precise monitoring. GPS measurement data is collected over a period of time at a static point or points and then postprocessed to accurately compute baseline information. 94 SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide Default Settings 9 Logging data after a power loss If power is unexpectedly lost while the receiver is logging data, once power is restored, the receiver tries to return to the state it was in immediately before the power loss. The receiver does not reset itself to default settings. If the receiver was logging data when power was lost, data logging is not resumed, To resume data logging after a power loss:

1. _ Restart the receiver. When power is cycled on the receiver, the receiver will turn on but with data logging off. 2. Use the web browser or the keypad and display to turn data logging back on. SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 95 9 Default Settings 96 SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide Specifications In this chapter:

General specifications Physical specifications Electrical specifications Communication specifications GPS satellite signal tracking Integrated radio options Variable configuration options CHAPTER This chapter details the specifications for the SPSx50 GPS receiver. Specifications are subject to change without notice. SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 97

10 Specifications General spec Feature Keyboard and display Receiver type Antenna type Base station Rover ations Specification VFD display 16 characters by 2 rows On/Off key for one button startup using AutoBase technology Escape and Enter key for menu navigation Aarrow keys (up, down, left, right) for option scralls and data entry Modular GPS receiver Zephyr Geodetic Model 2 Zephyr Model 2 Also supports legacy antennas Zephyr, Zephyr Geodetic, Micro-Centered, Choke ring, Rugged Micro-Centered. Physical specifications Feature Specification Dimensions (LxWxH) 24cm (94 in) x 12 cm (47 in) x 5m (1.9 in) including connectors Weight 1.65 kg (3.64 tbs) receiver with internal battery and radio 1.55 kg (3.42 Ibs) receiver with internal battery and no radio Temperature Operating 40 C to +65 C (-40 F to +149 F) Storage 40 C to +80 C (-40 F to +176 F) Humidity 100%, condensing Waterproof IP67 for submersion to depth of 1 m (3.28 ft) Shock and vibration Shock, non operating Shock, operating Vibration Measurements Code differential GPS positioning?

Horizontat accuracy Vertical accuracy WAAS/EGNOS, and MSAS Horizontal accuracy?

Vertical accuracy?

Tested and meets the following environmental sta indards:

Designed to survive a 2 m (6.6 ft} pole drop onto concrete MIL-STD-810F, Fig.514.5C-17 To 40 G, 10 msec, saw-tooth MIL-STD-810F, FIG.514.5C-17 Advanced Trimble Maxwell Custom GPS chip L2 Civil signal and LS signal for GPS modernization (SPS850 Extreme only) Very low noise U1, L2, and LS carrier phase measurements with <1 mm. precision in a 1 Hz bandwidth Proven Trimble low elevation tracking technology

* 72Channels L1 C/A Code, L2C, LSC, L1/L2/15 Full Cycle Carrier, GLONASS L1/L2 (L2C, L5 and GLONASS L1/L2 tracking capability available onfy in the SPS850 Extreme only) WAAS/EGNOS, and MSAS

+(0.25 m + 1 ppm) RMS, + (9.84 in + 1 ppm) RMS

(0.50 m+ 1 ppm) RMS, (19.68 in + 1 ppm) RMS Typically <1 m (3.28 ft) Typically <5 m (16.40 ft) 98 SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide Specifications 10 Feature Specification OmniSTAR Positioning XP Service Accuracy Horizontal 20 cm (7.87 in), Vertical 30 cm (11.80 in) HP Service Accuracy Horizontal 10 cm (3.93 in), Vertical 15 cm (5.90 in) Real Time Kinematic (RTK) positioning Horizontal (10 mm + 1 ppm) RMS, + (0.38 in +1 ppm) RMS Vertical (20 mm + 1 ppm) RMS, + (0.78 in +4 ppm) RMS Initialization time Regular RTK operation Single/Multi-base minimum 10 sec + 0.5 times baseline fength in km, <30 km with base station RTK operation with <30 seconds typical anywhere within coverage area Scalable GPS infrastructure Initialization reliability* Typically >99.9%

Receiver will operate normally to -40 C. Bluetooth module and internal batteries are rated to -20 C. 2 accuracy and reliability may be subject to anamaties such as multipath, obstructions, satellite geometry, and atmospheric conditions, Always follow recommended practices. 3 Depends on WAAS/EGNOS, and MSAS system performance. 4 May be affected by atmospheric conditions, signal multipath, and satellite geometry. initialization reliability is continuously monitored to ensure highest quality SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 99 10 Specifications Electrical specifications Feature Specification Power Internal integrated internal battery 7.4 V, 7800 mA-hr, Lithium-ion Internal battery operates as a UPS in the event of external power source outage Internal battery will charge from external power source when input voltage is >15 V Integrated charging circuitry External Power input on Lemo 7P0S is optimized for lead acid batteries with a cut Power consumption Base station operation times on internal battery Rover operation time on internal battery 450 MHz 900 MHz Base station operation times on internal battery 450 MHz 900 MHz Certification off threshold of 10.5 V Power input on the 26-pin DSub connector is optimized for Trimble Lithium-ion battery input (P/N 49400) with a cut-off threshold of 9 V Power source supply (Internal / External) is hot swap capable in the event of power source removal or cut-off 9 V to 30 V DC external power input with over-voltage protection Receiver will auto power on when connected to external power of 15 Vor greater

<6 W, in RTK rover mode with internal receive radio

<8 W in RTK Base mode with internal transmit radio Typically 8-10 hours based on transmitter power, types of messages transmitted, and temperature 12 hours; varies with temperature 12 hours; varies with temperature 10 hours; varies with temperature 10 hours; varies with temperature Part 15.247 and Part 90 FCC certifications Class B Device FCC Part 15 and ICES-003 certifications RSS-310, RSS-210 and RSS-119 Industry Canada certifications ACMA AS/NZS 4295 approval CE mark compliance C-tick mark compliance UN ST/SG/AC.10.1 1/Rev. 3, Amend. 1 (Liton Battery) UN STISG/AC. 10/27/Add. 2 (Li-lon Battery) WEEE 100 SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide Specifications 10 Communication specifications Feature Communications Port 1 (7-pin 05 Lemo) Port 2 (DSub 26-pin) Bluetooth Integrated radios Channel spacing (450 MHz) Frequency approvals (900 MHz) 450 MHz transmitter radio power output 900 MHz transmitter radio power output External GSM/GPRS, cellular phone support Receiver position update rate Data Input and Output Outputs Specification 3-wire RS-232 CAN Full RS-232 (via multi-port adaptor) 3-wire RS-232 USB (On the Go) Ethernet Fully integrated, fully sealed 2.4 GHz Bluetooth Fully integrated, fully sealed internal 450 MHz, Tx, Rx, or TXRX Fully integrated, fully sealed internal 900 MHz, Tx, Rx, or THAR 12.5 KHz or 25 KHz spacing available USA (-10), Australia (-30), New Zealand (-20) 0.5 W/ 2.0 W (2 watt upgrade only available in certain countries) 1.0W Supported for direct dial and Internet-based VRS correction streams Cellular phone or GSM/GPRS modem inside TSC2 controller 1 Hz, 2 Hz, 5 Hz, 10 Hz, and 20 Hz positioning (varies by receiver model) CMR, CMR+, RTCM 2.0, RTCM 2.1, RTCM 2.3, RTCM 3.0 NMEA, GSOF, and RT17

| Bluetooth type approvals are country specific. Contact your local Trimble office or representative for more information. SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 101 10 Specifications GPS satellite signal tracking This table shows the GPS satellite signal tracking capability for each receiver in the SPSx50 Modular GPS receiver family. GPS signal type Class SPS550 SPS550H SPS750 SPS750 SPS750 sPS850 Basic base Basicrover Max Extreme GPS signals LIA Y vY v v Y ov Lec x * x x LS * x * v GLONASS signals L1/L2 * x x x x v GPS SBAS WAAS v v v v v v corrections EGNOS v v v v v v MSAS v v v v v v OmnisTAR XP v x v v v v corrections HP v * v v v v Integrated radio options Except for the SPSS50H, all the receiver configurations are available with or without internal radios with 450 MHz or 900 MHz frequency ranges. The SPS550H is not available with a radio. This table shows the radio options available for each receiver type in the SPSx50 Modular GPS receiver family. Radio option SPSSSO SPS5SOH SPS750 'SPS750 SPS750 SPSBSO Basic base Basic rover Max xtreme No radio v v v v v v 450 MHz Transmit v x v x v v 450 MHz Receive Y x x v v v 900 MHz Transmit v x v x v v 900 MHz Receive v x x v v v External 450 MHz Transmit Optional x Optional Optional Optional Optional External 900 MHz Transmit Optional x Optional Optional Optional Optional 102 SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide Specifications 10 Variable configuration options This table lists the default options for each receiver type in the SPSx50 Modular GPS receiver family. Radio option SPS55O SPSSSOH SPS750 SPS750 SPS750 SPS850 Basic base Basic rover Max Extreme CMR inputs (Rover) vw v2 x a v v CMR outputs (Base) v3 x v x v v RTCM inputs (Rover) Y x x v v v RTCM outputs (DGPS Base} x x * v v Moving Base Vv v ry x v v

(Position/Heading) 10 Hz measurements v v x v v 20 Hz measurements x * x x x v Data logging (postprocessed) x x Optional Optional Optional Optional VRS capable Location v v v GPS Internet/IP enabled v v v v v vw RTK range limit None 2.4km None 2.4km None None

(1.5 miles) (1.5 miles) Float solution only. 2Moving base CMRs only. 3Moving base CMR output only. Upgrading the receiver You can upgrade the SPS750 Basic base and SPS750 Basic rover to the SPS750 Max at any time. The upgrade changes all standard options to SPS750 Max capability, and includes the radio option upgrade. When you purchase the receiver upgrade, your Trimble dealer will provide you with a set of codes to change the receiver configuration. See also Appendix E, Upgrading the Receiver Firmware. The SPS550 and SPS750 Max receivers cannot be upgraded further. SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 103 10 Specifications 104 | SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide APPENDIX NMEA-0183 Output In this appendix: This appendix describes the formats of the subset of NMEA-0183 messages that are available mB NMEA-0183 message overview for output by the receivers. For a copy of the

@ Common message elements NMEA-0183 Standard, go to the National Marine Electronics Association website at m NMEA messages www.nmea.org. SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 105 A NMEA-0183 Output NMEA-0183 message overview 106 When NMEA-0183 output is enabled, a subset of NMEA-0183 messages can be output to external instruments and equipment connected to the receiver serial ports. These NMEA-0183 messages let external devices use selected data collected or computed by the GPS receiver. All messages conform to the NMEA-0183 version 3.01 format. All begin with $ and end with a carriage return and a line feed. Data fields follow comma (,) delimiters and are variable in length. Null fields still follow comma () delimiters but contain no information. An asterisk (*) delimiter and checksum value follow the last field of data contained in an NMEA-0183 message. The checksum is the 8-bit exclusive of all characters in the message, including the commas between fields, but not including the $ and asterisk delimiters. The hexadecimal result is converted to two ASCII characters (0-9, A-F). The most significant character appears first. The following table summarizes the set of NMEA messages supported by the receiver, and shows the page that contains detailed information about each message. Message Function Page ADV Position and Satellite information for RTK network operations 108 GGA Time, position, and fix related data 109 GSA GPS DOP and active satellites 110 GST Position error statistics 111 GSV Number of SVs in view, PRN, elevation, azimuth, and SNR M2 HDT Heading from True North 413 PTNL,AVR Time, yaw, tilt, range, mode, PDOP, and number of SVs for 114 Moving Baseline RTK PTNL,GGK Time, pasition, position type and DOP values 115, PTNL,PJK Local coordinate position output 116 PTNL,VGK Time, locator vector, type and DOP values 117 PTNLVHD Heading Information 118 RMC Position, Velocity, and Time 19 ROT Rate of turn 120 VIG Actual track made good and speed over ground 121 ZDA UTC day, month, and year, and focal time zone offset 122 To enable or disable the output of individual NMEA messages, do one of the following:

+ Create an application file in the GPS Configurator software that contains NMEA output settings and then send the file to the receiver.

+ Add NMEA outputs in the Serial outputs tab of the GPS Configurator software and then apply the settings. (You cannot use the GPS Configuration software to load application files to the SPSx50 Modular GPS receivers.)

+ For SPx50 Modular GPS receivers, set up the NMEA output using the keypad and display or a web browser. 5P5x50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide NMEA-0183 Output A Common message elements Each message contains:

amessage ID consisting of SGP followed by the message type. For example, the message ID of the GGA message is $GPGGA.

* acomma

* anumber of fields, depending on the message type, separated by commas

* an asterisk achecksum value Below is an example of a simple message with a message ID ($GPGGA), followed by 13 fields and a checksum value:

$GPGGA.172814.0,3723.46587704,N, 1220226957864, W.2,6,1.2,18.893,M,-

25.669,M.2.0,0031*4F Message values NMEA messages that the receiver generates contains the following values. Latitude and longitude Latitude is represented as ddmm.mmmm and longitude is represented as dddmm.mmmm, where:

+ ddox dddis degrees

* mmmmmmis minutes and decimal fractions of minutes Direction Direction (north, south, east, or west) is represented by a single character: N, 5, E.or W. Time Time values are presented in Universal Time Coordinated (UTC) and are Tepresented as hhmmss.cc, where:

Ahis hours, from 00 through 23 mm is minutes

+ ssis seconds

* ccis hundredths of seconds NMEA messages When NMEA-0183 output is enabled, the following messages can be generated. SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 107 A NMEA-0183 Output ADV Position and Satellite information for RTK network operations An example of the ADV message string js shown below. Table A.1 and Table A.2 describe the message fields. The messages alternate between subtype 110 and 120.

$PGPPADV,110,39.88113582,-105.07838455, 1614.125*1M Table A.1 ADV subtype 110 message fields Field Meaning message ID $PPGPADV 1 Message sub-type 110 2 Latitude 3 Longitude 4 Ellipsoid height 6 Elevation of second satellite, in degrees, 90 maximum 7 Azimuth of second satellite, degrees from True North, 000 through 359 8 The checksum data, always begins with *

Table A.2

$PGPPADV,320,21,76.82,68.51,29,20.66,317.47,28,52.38,276.81,22,42.26,198.96*5D ADV subtype 120 message fields Field Meaning message 1D $PPGPADV Message sub-type 120 wo] ~] af wl a] we] | =]

First SV PRN number Elevation of first satellite, in degrees, 90 maximum Azimuth of first satellite, degrees from True North, 000 through 359 Second SV PRN number Elevation of second satellite, in degrees, 90 maximum Azimuth of second satellite, degrees from True North, 000 through 359 The checksum data, always begins with *

SPSx50 Modutar GPS Receiver User Guide NMEA-0183 Output A GGA Time, Position, and Fix Related Data An example of the GGA message string is shown below. Table A.3 describes the message fields.

$GPGGA,1728 14.0,3723.46587704,N,12202.26957864,W, 2,6,1.2,18.893,M,-25.669,M,2.0,0031"4F TableA.3 GGA message fields Field Meaning 0 message ID $GPGGA 1 UTC of position fix 2 Latitude 3 Direction of latitude:

N: North

$: South 4 Longitude 5 Direction of longitude:

E: East W: West 6 GPS Quality indicator:

0: Fix not valid 1: GPS fix 2: Differential GPS fix 4: Real Time Kinematic, fixed integers 5: Real Time Kinematic, float integers 7 Number of $Vs in use, range from 00 through 12 8 HDOP 9 Orthometric height (MSL reference) 10 M: unit of measure for orthometric height is meters 1 Geoid separation 12 M: geoid separation is measured in meters 13 Age of differential GPS data record, Type 1 or Type 9. Null field when DGPS is not used. 14 Reference station (D, ranging from 0000 through 1023. A null field when any reference station ID is selected and no corrections are received. 15 The checksum data, always begins with *

5PSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 109 A NMEA-0183 Output GSA GPS DOP and active satellites An example of the GSA message string is shown below. Table A.4 describes the message fields.

$GPGSA,<1>,<2>,3>,<3> mn? 63> <B>, <4 652, <62%7> <CR> <L >

Table A.4 GSA message fields Fleld Meaning message ID $GPGSA 1 Mode 1, M = manual, A = automatic 2 Mode 2, Fix type, 1 = not available, 2 = 2D, 3 = 3D 3 PRN number, 01 through 32, of satellite used in solution, up to 12 transmitted 4 PDOP-Position dilution of precision, 0.5 through 99.9 5 HDOP-Horizontal dilution of precision, 0.5 through 99.9 6 VDOP-Vertical dilution of precision, 0.5 through 99.9 7 The checksum data, always begins with *

110 $PSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide NMEA-0183 Output A GST Position Error Statistics An example of the GST message string is shown below. Table A.5 describes the message fields.

$GPGST.172814 0.0.006,0.023,0.020,273 6,0.023,0.020,0.031"6A Table AS GST message fields Field Meaning Oo message ID $GPGST 1 UTC of position fix 2 RMS value of the pseudorange residuals; includes carrier phase residuals during periods of RTK(float) and RTK(fixed) processing Error ellipse semi-major axis 1 sigma error, in meters Error ellipse semi-minor axis 1 sigma error, in meters Error ellipse orientation, degrees from true north Latitude 1 sigma error, in meters Longitude 1 sigma error, in meters Height 1 sigma error, in meters w| a] sa) a} uu) al w The checksum data, always begins with *

SPSx5Q Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 111 A NMEA-0183 Output GSV Satellite Information The GSV message string identifies the number of SVs in view, the PRN numbers, elevations, azimuths, and SNR values. An example of the GSV message string is shown below. Table A.6 describes the message fields.

$GPGSV41.13,02,02,213,,03,-3,000, 11,00,122,,14.13,172.05"67 TableA.6 GSV message fields Field Meaning Oo message ID $GPGSV 1 Total number of messages of this type in this cycle 2 Message number 3 Total number of SVs visible 4 $V PRN number 5 Elevation, in degrees, 90 maximum 6 Azimuth, degrees from True North, 000 through 359 7 SNR, 00-99 dB (null when not tracking) a1 Information about second SV, same format as fields 4 through 7 12-15 Information about third SV, same format as fields 4 through 7 16-19 Information about fourth SV, same format as fields 4 through 7 20 The checksum data, always begins with *

112 5PSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide NMEA-0183 Output A HDT Heading from True North The HDT string is shown below, and Table A.7 describes the message fields.

$GPHDT,123.456,T*00 Table A.7 Heading from true north fields Field Meaning QO message ID $GPHOT 1 Heading in degrees 2 ToIndicates heading relative to True North 3 The checksum data, always begins with *

SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 113 A NMEA-0183 Output PTNL,AVR Time, Yaw, Tilt, Range for Moving Baseline RTK The PTNL.AVR message string is shown below, and Table A.8 describes the message fields.

$PTNL,AVR,181059.6,+ 149.4688, Yaw,+0.0134,Tilt,,,60.19 1,3,2.5,6*00 Table AS AVR message fields Field Meaning message ID $PTNL,AVR UTC of vector fix Yaw angle in degrees Yaw Tilt angle in degrees Reserved Reserved Range in meters GPS quality indicator:

Fix not available or invalid o:

1: Autonomous GPS fix 2: Differential carrier phase solution RTK (Float) 3:

4:

o 1 2 3 4 5 Tilt 6 7 8 3 Differential carrier phase solution RTK (Fix) Differential code-based solution, OGPS 10 PDOP V1 Number of satellites used in solution 12 The checksum data, always begins with *

414. SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide NMEA-0183 Output A PTNL,GGK Time, Position, Position Type, DOP An example of the PTNL,GGK message string is shown below. Table A.9 describes the message fields.

$PTNL,GGK,172814,00,071296,3723.46587704,N, 12202.26957864, W,3,06,1.7,EHT-

6.777,M*48 Table A.9 PTNL,GGK message fields Field Meaning 0 message ID $PTNL,GGA UTC of position fix Date Latitude al wl nv] =

Direction of latitude:

N: North

$: South 5 Longitude Direction of Longitude:

E: East W: West 7 GPS Quality indicator:

0: Fix not available or invalid Autonomous GPS fix Differential, floating carrier phase integer-based solution, RTK(float) Differential, fixed carrier phase integer-based solution, RTK(fixed) Differential, code phase only solution (DGPS). Aiso, OmniSTAR XP/HP converging SBAS solution - WAAS, EGNOS RTK Float 3D in a VRS/Network. Also OmniSTAR XP/HP converged RTK Fixed 3D in a VRS/Network RTK Float 2D in a VRS/Network 8 Number of satellites in fix 9 DOP of fix 10 Ellipsoidal height of fix 11 M: ellipsoidal height is measured in meters BwNs Saw 12 The checksum data, always begins with *

Note - The PTNL,GGK message is longer than the NMEA-0183 standard of 80 characters. SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 115 A NMEA-0183 Output PTNL,PJK Local Coordinate Position Output An example of the PTNL,PJK message string is shown below. Table A.10 describes the message fields.

$PTNL,PJK,010717.00,08 1796,+732646.511,N,+1731051L09LE, 1,05,2.7,EHT-

28.345,M*7C Table A.10 PTNL,PJK message fields Field Meaning message 1D $PTNL,PJK UTC of position fix Date Northing, in meters Easting, in meters Direction of Easting will always be E (East) Oo 1 2 3 4 Direction of Northing will always be N (North) 5 6 7 GPS Quality indicator:

0: Fix not available or invalid Autonomous GPS fix Differential, floating carrier phase integer-based solution, RTK(float) Differential, fixed carrier phase integer-based solution, RTK(fixed) Differential, code phase only solution (DGPS). Also, OmniSTAR XP/HP converging SBAS solution - WAAS, EGNOS RTK Float 3D in a VRS/Network. Also OmniSTAR XP/HP converged RTK Fixed 3D in a VRS/Network 8: RTK Float 20 in a VRS/Network 8 Number of satellites in fix 9 OOP of fix 19 Ellipsoidal height of fix W M: ellipsoidal height is measured in meters 12 The checksum data, always begins with *

BweNo aoa Note - The PTNL,PIK message is longer than the NMEA-0183 standard of 80 characters. 116 SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide NMEA-0183 Qutput A PTNL,VGK Vector Information Anexample of the PTNL,VGK message string is shown below. Table A.11 describes the message fields.

$PTNL,VGK,160159.00,010997,-0000.161 ,00009,985,-0000.002,3,07,1.4,M*0B Table A.11 PTNL,VGK message fields Field Meaning 0 message ID $PTNL,VGK 1 UTC of vector in hhmmss.ss format 2 Date in mmddyy format 3 East component of vector, in meters 4 North component of vector, in meters 5 Up component of vector, in meters 6 GPS Quality indicator:

0: Fix not available or invalid 1: Autonomous GPS fix 2: Differential, floating carrier phase integer-based solution, RTK(float) Differential, fixed carrier phase integer-based solution, RTK(fixed) Differential, code phase only solution (DGPS). Also, OmniSTAR XP/HP converging SBAS solution - WAAS, EGNOS RTK Float 3D in a VRS/Network. Also OmniSTAR XP/HP converged RTK Fixed 3D in a VRS/Network 8: RTK Float 2D in a VRS/Network Number of satellites if fix solution BOP of fix M: Vector components are in meters

yoy 10 The checksum data, always begins with *

SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 417 A NMEA-0183 Output PTNL,VHD Heading Information Anexample of the PTNL,VHD message string is shown below. Table A.12 describes the message fields.

$PTNL,VHD,030556.00,093098,187.7 18,-22.138,-76.929,-

5.015,0.033,0.006,3,07,2.4.M*22 Table A.12 PTNL,VHD message fields Field Meaning message ID $PTNL,VHD UTC of position in hhmmss.ss format Date in mmddyy format Azimuth AAzimuth/ATime Vertical Angle AVertical/ATime Range ARange/ATime GPS Quality indicator:

0: Fix not available or invalid 1; Autonomous GPS fix 2: Differential, floating carrier phase integer-based solution, RTK(float) 3: Differential, fixed carrier phase integer-based solution, RTK(fixed) 4

: Differential, code phase only solution (DGPS). Also, OmniSTAR XP/HP converging SBAS solution - WAAS, EGNOS RTK Float 3D in a VRS/Network. Also OmniSTAR XP/HP converged RTK Fixed 3D in a VRS/Network 8: RTK Float 2D in a VRS/Network 10 Number of satellites used in solution i1 PDOP 12 The checksum data, always begins with *

wo} oo] sa] ol] wl a] wl yy a) >

yoy 118 SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide NMEA-0183 Output A RMC Position, Velocity, and Time The RMC string is shown below, and Table A.13 describes the message fields,

$GPRMC.123519,A,4807.038,N,01131 000,E,022.4,084.4,230394,003.L,W*6A Table 4.13 GPRMC message fields Fleid Meaning message ID $GPRMC UTC of position fix Status A=active or V=void Latitude Longitude o| of sl a] wv] a] ew] y} -|

Speed over the ground in knots Track angle in degrees (True) Date Magnetic variation in degrees The checksum data, always begins with *

5P5x50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 119 A NMEA-0183 Output ROT Rate and Direction of Turn The ROT string is shown below, and Table A.14 describes the message fields.

$GPROT,35.6,A*4E Table A.14 ROT message fields Field Meaning 0 message ID $GPROT 1 Rate of turn, degrees/minutes, " indicates bow turns to port 2 A: Valid data Vi Invalid data 3 The checksum data, always begins with *

120 SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide NMEA-0183 Output A Over Ground and Speed Over Ground or Track Made Good and Speed Over Ground An example of the VIG message string is shown below. Table A.15 describes the message fields.

$GPVTG..T,.M,0.00,N,0.00,K"4E, Table A.15 VTG message fields Field Meaning message ID $GPVTG Track made good (degrees true) T: track made good is relative to true north Track made good (degrees magnetic) M: track made good is relative to magnetic north Speed, in knots N: speed is measured in knots Speed over ground in kilometers/hour {kph) K: speed over ground is measured in kph The checksum data, always begins with *

wo} ol | al wl oe! wl] | =| o SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 124 A NMEA-0183 Output ZDA UTC Day, Month, And Year, and Local Time Zone Offset An example of the ZDA message string is shown below. Table A.16 describes the message fields.

$GPZDA,172809,12,07,1996,00,00*45 Table A.16 ZDA message fields Field Meaning message ID $GPZDA UTC Day, ranging between 01 and 31 Month, ranging between 01 and 12 Year Local time zone offset from GMT, ranging from 00 through +13 hours Local time zone offset from GMT, ranging from 00 through 59 minutes wa] a] uf al wf) rn} =) o The checksum data, always begins with *

Fields 5 and 6 together yield the total offset. For example, if field 5 is -5 and field 6 is

+15, local time is 5 hours and 15 minutes earlier than GMT. 122 SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide GSOF Messages In this appendix:

@ Supported message types m GSOF message definitions APPENDIX This appendix provides information on the General Serial Output Format (GSOF) messages that the SPS GPS receivers support. GSOF messages are a Trimble proprietary format and can be used to send information such as position and status to a third-party device. For information on how to output GSOF messages from the SPSx50 Modular GPS receiver, refer to Chapter 6, Configuring the SPSx50 Using the Keypad and Display and Chapter 7, Configuring the Receiver Settings in the SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide. SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 123 B GSOF Messages Supported message types This table summarizes the GSOF messages that are supported by the receiver, and shows the page that contains detailed information about each message. Message Description Page TIME Position time 124 LLH Latitude, longitude, height 125 ECEF Earth-Centered, Earth-Fixed position 125 ECEF DELTA Earth-Centered, Earth-Fixed Delta position 126 NEU DELTA Tangent Plane Delta 126 Velocity Velocity data 127 PDOP PDOP info 127 SIGMA Position Sigma info 127 SV Brief SV Brief info 128 SV Detail SV Detailed info 129 UTC Current UTC time 130 BATT/MEM Receiver battery and memory status 130 ATTITUDE Attitude info 131 GSOF message definitions When GSOF output is enabled, the following messages can be generated. TIME This message describes position time information. It contains the following data:

+ GPS time, in milliseconds of GPS week

* GPS week number

+ Number of satellites used Initialization counter Table B.1 Time (Type 1 record}

Field Item Type Value Meaning 0 Output record type Char Oth Position time output record 1 Record length Char OAh Bytes in record 2-5 GPS time (ms} Long msecs. GPS time, in milliseconds of GPS week 6-7 GPS week number Short number GPS week count since January 1980 8 Number of SVs used Char O0h-0Ch Number of satellites used to determine the position (0-12) 9 Position flags 1 Char See Table 8.14 = Reports first set of position attribute flag values 124 SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide GSOF Messages B Table 8.1 Time (Type 1 record) Field Item Type Value Meaning 10 Pasition flags 2 Char See Table B.15 Reports second set of position attribute flag values 1 initialized number Char 00h-FFh Increments with each initialization (modulo 256) LLH This message describes latitude, longitude, and height. It contains the following data:

WGS-84 latitude and longitude, in radians WGS-84 height, in meters Table B.2 Latitude, longitude, height (Type 2 record) Field = Item Type Value Meaning 0 Output record type Char 02h Latitude, longitude, and height output record 1 Record length Char 18h Bytes in record 29 Latitude Double Radians _Latitude from WGS-84 datum 10-17 Longitude Double Radians Longitude from WGS-84 datum 18-25 Height Double Meters Height from WGS-84 datum ECEF This message describes the ECEF position. It contains the following data:

Earth-Centered, Earth-Fixed X, Y, Z coordinates, in meters Table B.3 ECEF position (Type 3 record) Field Item Type Value Meaning 0 Output record type Char O3h Earth-Centered, Earth-Fixed (ECEF) position output record 1 Record length Char 18h Bytes in record 2-9 x Double Meters WGS-84 ECEF X-axis coordinate 10-17 Double Meters WGS-84 ECEF Y-axis coordinate 18-25 Z Double Meters WGS-84 ECEF Z-axis coordinate SPSxSO Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 125 B GSOF Messages ECEF DELTA This message describes the ECEF Delta position. It contains the following data:

+ Earth-Centered, Earth-Fixed X, Y, Z deltas between the rover and base position, in meters. Table B.4 ECEF Delta (Type 6 record) Field Item Type Value Meaning 0 Output record type Char 06h Earth-Centered, Earth-Fixed (ECEF) Delta output record 1 Record length Char 18h Bytes in record 2-9 Delta X Double Meters ECEF X-axis delta between rover and base station positions 10-17 Delta Double Meters ECEF Y-axis delta between rover and base station positions 18-25 Deltaz Double Meters ECEF Z-axis delta between rover and base station positions NEU DELTA This message contains Tangent Plane Delta information. It contains the following data:

North, East, and Up deltas of the vector from the base to the rover {in meters) projected onto a plane tangent to the WGS-84 ellipsoid at the base receiver. Note - These records are only output ifa valid DGPS/RTK solution is computed. Table B.5 NEU Delta (Type 7 record) Field Item Type Value Meaning 0 Output record type Char 06h Tangent Plane Delta output record 1 Record length Char 18h Bytes in record 2-9 Delta east Double meters East component of vector from base station to rover, projected onto a plane tangent to the WGS-84 ellipsoid at the base station 10-17. Delta narth Double meters North component of tangent plane vector 18-25 Delta up Double meters Difference between ellipsoidal height of tangent plane at base station and a parallel plane passing through rover point 126 SPSxSO Modular GPS Receiver User Guide GSOF Messages B Velocity This message provides velocity information. It contains the following data:

Horizontal velocity, in meters per second

* Vertical velocity, in meters per second

+ Heading, in radians, referenced to WGS-84 True North Table B.6 Velocity (Type 8 record) Field Item Type Value Meaning a Output record type Char 08h Velocity data output record 1 Record length Char ODh Bytes in record 2 Velocity flags Char See Table 8.17 Velocity status flags 3-6 Speed Float Meters per second Horizontal speed 7-10 Heading Float Radians True north heading in the WGS-84 datum 11-14 Vertical velocity Float Meters per second Vertical velocity ppoP This message describes the PDOP information. It contains the following data:

+ PDOP HDOP

* VDOP TDOP Table 8.7 PDOP (Type 9 record) Field item Type Value Meaning 0 Output record type Char 09h PDOP information output record 1 Record length Char 10h Bytes in record 2-5 PDOP Float Positional Dilution of Precision 69 HDOP Ftoat Horizontal Dilution of Precision 10-13 VDOP Float Vertical Dilution of Precision 14-17, TDOP Float Time Dilution of Precision SIGMA This message describes the Position Sigma information. It contains the following data:

Position RMS

+ Sigma east, in meters Sigma north, in meters

+ Sigma up, in meters 5PSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 127 B GSOF Messages Covariance east-north Error Ellipse Semi-major axis, in meters Error Ellipse Semi-minor axis, in meters .

* Orientation of Semi-major axis in degrees from True North

* Unit variance Number of epochs Table B.B Sigma (Type 12 record) Fleld item Type Vatue Meaning 0 Output record type Char Och Position sigma information output record 1 Record length Char 26h Bytes in record 2-5 Position RMS. Float Root means square of position error calculated for overdetermined positions 6-9 Sigma east Float Meters 10-13 Sigma north Float Meters 14-17 Covar.east-north Float = number Covariance east-north (dimensionless) 18-21 Sigma up Float Meters 22-25 Semi-major axis Float Meters Semi-major axis of error ellipse 26-29 Semi-minor axis Float Meters. Semi-minor axis of error ellipse 30-33 Orientation Float degrees Orientation of semi-minor axis, clockwise from True North 34-37 Unit variance Float Valid only for over-determined solutions. Unit variance should approach 1.0 value. A value of Jess than 1.0 indicates that apriori variances are too pessimistic. 30-39 Number of epochs = short count Number of measurement epochs used to compute the position. Could be greater than t for positions subjected to static constraint. Always 1 for kinematic. SV Brief This message provides brief satellite information. It contains the following data:

+ Number of satellites tracked The PRN number of each satellite

+ Flags indicating satellite status Table B.9 $V brief (Type 13 record) Field Item Type Value Meaning 0 Output record type Char ODh Brief satellite information output record 1 Record length Char Bytes in record 2 Number of SVs Char 00h-18h Number of satellites included in record 128 SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide GSOF Messages B Table B.9 SV brief (Type 13 record) Field Item Type Value Meaning The following bytes are repeated for Number of SVs PRN Char O1h-20h Pseudorandom number of satellites (1-32) SV Flags1 Char See Table B.18 First set of satellite status bits SV Flags2 Char See Table B.19 Second set of satellite status bits includes all tracked satellites, all satellites used in the position solution, and ail satellites in view. SV Detail This message provides detailed satellite information. It contains the following data:

+ Number of satellites tracked The PRN number of each satellite

+ Flags indicating satellite status

* Elevation above horizon, in degrees Azimuth from True North, in degrees

+ Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of L! signal Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of L2 signal Table B.10 SV detail (Type 14 record) Field item Type Value Meaning 0 Output record Char OEh Detailed satellite information output record type Record length Char 1+ 8x(number of SVs) Bytes in record 2-9 Number of SVs Char 00h-18h Number of satellites included in record The following bytes are repeated for Number of SVs PRN Char O1h-20h Pseudorandom number of satellites (1-32) Flags1 Char See Table B.18 First set of satellite status bits Flags2 Char See Table B.19 Second set of satellite status bits Elevation Char Degrees Angle of satellite above the horizon Azimuth Short Degrees Azimuth of satellite from True North SNR LA Char de*4 Signal-to-noise ratio of L1 signal {multiplied by 4)?

SNR L2 Char dB*4 cigar torolse ratio of L2 signal (multiplied y includes al} tracked satellites, all satellites used in the position solution, and all satellites in view. 2THe SNR L1 and SNR L2 items are set to zero for satellites that are not tracked on the current frequency. SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 129 GSOF Messages UTC This message describes current time information. It contains the following data:

+ GPS time, in milliseconds of GPS week

* GPS week number

* GPS to UTC time offset, in seconds 130 Table B.11 UTC (Type 16 record) Field Item Type Value Meaning 0 Output record type Char 10h 1 Record length Char 09h Bytes in record 2-5 GPS millisecond of Long msecs Time when packet is sent from the receiver, in GPS week milliseconds of week 67 GPS week number Short number Week number since start of GPS time a9 UTC offset Short seconds GPS to UTC time offset 10 Flags Char See Table B.16 Flag bits indicating validity of Time and UTC offsets Batt/Mem This message provides information relating to the receiver battery and memory. It contains the following data:

+ Remaining battery power

* Remaining memory Table 8.12 Batt/Mem (Type 37 record) Field item Type Value Meaning o Output record type Char 25h 1 Record length Char OAh Bytes in record 2-3 Battery capacity Unsigned short percentage Remaining battery capacity in percentage 411 Remaining memory Double hours Estimated remaining data logging time in SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide hours GSOF Messages B Attitude This message provides attitude information relating to the vector between the Heading antenna and the Moving Base antenna. It contains the following data:

Tilt or vertical angle, in radians, from the Heading antenna to the Moving Base antenna relative to a horizontal plane through the Heading antenna

+ Heading or yaw, in radians, relative to True North

* Range or slope distance between the Heading antenna and the Moving Base antenna Table B.13 Attitude (Type 27 record) Field Item Type Value Meaning a Output record type = Char 1Bh Attitude information 1 Record length Char 2Ah Bytes in record 25 GPS time Long = msecs GPS time in milliseconds of GPS week 6 Flags Char See Table 8.20 Flag bits indicating validity of attitude components 7 Number of SVs used Char 00h-0Ch Number of satellites used to calculate attitude 8 Calculation mode Char See Table B.21 Positioning mode 9 Reserved Reserved 10-17 Tilt Double radians Tilt relative to horizontal plane 18-25 Yaw Double radians Rotation about the vertical axis relative to True North 26-33 Reserved Reserved 34-41 Range Double meters Distance between antennas 42-43 PDOP Short 0.1 Position Dilution of Precision SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 134 B GSOF Messages Flags Table 8.14 Position flags 1: bit values Bit Meaning a New position 0: No, 1: Yes. 1 Clock fix calculated for current position 0: No. 1: Yes. 2 Horizontal coordinates calculated this position 0: No. 1: Yes. 3 Height calculated this position 0: No. 1: Yes. 4 Weighted position 0: No, 1: Yes. 5 Overdetermined position 0: No. 1: Yes. 6 lonosphere-free position 0: No. 1: Yes. 7 Position uses filtered L1 pseudoranges 0: No. 1: Yes. Table B.15 Position flags 2: bit values Bit Meaning Q Differential position 0: No. 1: Yes. 1 Differential position method 0: RTCM (Code) 1: RTK, OmniSTAR HP (Phase) 2 Differential position method 0: Differential position is code (RTCM) or a float position (RTK) 1: Differential position is a fixed integer phase position (RTK if Bit-0 = 1, WAAS if Bit-0=0) 3 OmniSTAR HP 0: Not active 1: OmniSTAR HP differential solution 4 Position determined with static as a constant 0: No. 1: Yes. 5 Position is network RTK solution 0: No. 1: Yes. 67 Reserved (set to zero) 132 SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide GSOF Messages B Table B.16 Flags: Bit values Bit Meaning 0 Time information (week and millisecond of week) validity 0: Not valid 4: Valid 1 UTC offset validity 0: Not valid 1: Valid Table B.17 Velocity flags: Bit values Bit Meaning 0 Velocity data validity 0: Not valid 1: Valid 1 Velocity computation 0: Computed from doppler 1: Computed from consecutive measurements 27 Reserved (set to zero) Table B.18 SV flags: 1 bit values Bit Meaning 0 Satellite Above Horizon Q: No. 1: Yes. 1 Satellite Currently Assigned to a Channel (trying to track) 0: No. 1: Yes. 2 Satellite Currently Tracked on 11 Frequency 0: No. 1: Yes. 3 Satellite Currently Tracked on L2 Frequency 0: No. 1: Yes. 4 Satellite Reported at Base on L1 Frequency 0: No. 1: Yes. 5 Satellite Reported at Base on L2 Frequency 0: No. 1: Yes. 6 Satellite Used in Position 0: No. 1: Yes. 7 Satellite Used in Current RTK Process (Search, Propagate, Fix Solution) 0: No. 1: Yes. Table B.19 SV flags: 2 bit value Bit Meaning 0 Satellite Tracking P-Code on L1 Band 0: No. 1: Yes. 41 Satellite Tracking P-Code on L2 Band 0: No. 1: Yes. 2-7 Reserved. Set to zero. SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 133 B GSOF Messages Table B.20 Attitude flags Bit Meaning Qo Calibrated 0: No. 1: Yes. 1 Tilt vatid 0: No. 1: Yes. 2 Yaw valid 0: No. 1: Yes, 3 Reserved Range valid 0: No. 1: Yes. 57 Reserved Data collector report structure Table 8.21 Attitude calculation flags Bit Meaning 0 0: No position 1: Autonomous position 2: RTK/Float position 3: RTK/Fix position 4: DGPS position Table B.22 Report packet 40h structure Byte Item Type Value Meaning o STX CHAR 02h Start transmission. 1 STATUS CHAR See Table B.23 Receiver status code. 2 PACKET TYPE CHAR 40h Report Packet 40h. 3 LENGTH CHAR O0h-FAh Data byte count. 4 TRANSMISSION CHAR Unique number assigned to a group of NUMBER record packet pages. Prevents page mismatches when multiple sets of record packets exist in output stream. PAGE INDEX CHAR O0h-FFh Index of current packet page. MAX PAGE INDEX CHAR OOh-FFh Table B.23 Receiver Status code Maximum index of last packet in one group of records. Byte Message Description number Bit Oo 1 Reserved Bit1 1 Low battery Bit 2-7 0-63 Reserved 134 SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide APPENDIX Adding Internal Radio Frequencies In this appendix: If you have installed the optional internal

. 450 MHz radio in your GPS receiver, use the

& Adding receive frequencies for WinFlash utility to add the relevant receive the 450 MHz internal radio frequencies to the default list of frequencies. To install the WinFlash utility, see Installing the WinFlash utility, page 140. If you have also purchased the transmit option

(SPSx50 and SPSx80 only), Trimble must specify and configure the (FCC-approved) transmit broadcast frequencies at the factory. You cannot configure these yourself. SPSx5S0 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 135 Adding internal Radio Frequencies Adding receive frequencies for the 450 MHz internal radio L. Start the WinFlash utility. The Device Configuration screen appears. From the Device type list, select the appropriate receiver. From the PC serial port field, select the serial (COM) port on the computer that the receiver is connected to. Click Next. The Operation Selection dialog appears. The Operations list shows all of the supported operations for the selected device. A description of the selected operation is shown in the Description field. Select Configure Radio _RMNSRNeTT Ty NN and then click Next. The Frequency Selection dialog appears:

6. Inthe Wireless Format group, select the appropriate channel and wireless mode. The Wireless mode must be the same for all radios in your network. 7. Inthe Specify Frequency field, enter the frequency you want to add. 8. Click Add. The new frequency appears in the Selected Frequencies list. Note - The programmed Srequencies must conform to the channel spacing and minimum tuning requirements for the radio, To view this information, Youhave connected.to an SPSX70 intemal Frequency Band )450.0- 470.0 MHz Wiolees Format

| Gumert Chennet [1-461 035 MHz x oOo TRIMMARK, 3 at 19200 bps 7

| Wnloss Mode:

Note: Wireleat mode must be common:

| Strong lcs n your network

++ Channa Frequency ~~

MHz click Radio info. You can select 12.5 kHz or 25 kHz channel spacing. All radios in your network must use the same channel spacing. 9. Once you have configured all the frequencies that you require, click OK. The WinFlash utility updates the receiver radio frequencies and then restarts the receiver. 136 SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide APPENDIX aT Real-Time Data and Services In this appendix: The RT17 Streamed Data service is available only with the SPS850 Extreme GPS receivers. It is required on any GPS receiver that will be incorporated into a Trimble Virtual Reference Station (VRS) network. m RT17 Streamed Data service By default, the Binary Output option is not enabled in the GPS receivers. The option must be enabled before RT17 messages can be streamed from the receiver. To enable the option, please contact you local Trimble dealer. SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 137 138 Real-Time Data and Services RT17 Streamed Data service An RT17 service provides GPS observations, ephemerides, and other information, as defined for that service. When a client connects to the service, all data flow is from the receiver to the client. Using the keypad and display to configure RT17 outputs You can configure RT17 output during the base and rover setup using the keypad and display. See Outputting corrections, page 65. Using the web interface to configure RT17 outputs You can configure RT17 output using the //O Configuration menu of the web interface of the receiver. Configure the stream to allow multiple client connections on a single port, or restrict the stream to a single client connection. To allow only authorized connections on the port, protect the output stream by requiring a password. See I/O Configuration menu, page 79. 5P5x50 Modutar GPS Receiver User Guide APPENDIX Upgrading the Receiver Firmware In this appendix:

m The WinFlash utility Bm Upgrading the receiver firmware m@ Forcing the receiver into Monitor mode The GPS receiver is supplied with the latest version of the receiver firmware already installed. Ifa later version of the firmware becomes available, use the WinFlash utility to upgrade the firmware on your receiver. You can also upgrade the SPSx50 receiver through the web interface. See Configuring the SPSx50 receiver using a web browser, page 72. Firmware updates are available to download from the Trimble website. Go to www.trimble.com / Support / select the link to the receiver that you need updates for and then click Downloads. SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 139 Upgrading the Receiver Firmware The WinFlash utility The WinFlash utility communicates with Trimble products to perform various functions including:

+ installing software, firmware, and option upgrades

* running diagnostics (for example, retrieving configuration information)

* configuring radios For more information, online help is also available when using the WinFlash utility. Note - The WinFlash utility runs on Microsoft Windows 95, 98, Windows NT, 2000, Me, or XP operating systems. Installing the WinFlash utility You can install the WinFlash utility from the Trimble SPS GPS Receiver CD, or from the Trimble website. To install the WinFlash utility from the CD:

1. Insert the disk into the CD drive on your computer. 2. From the main menu select Install individual software packages. 3. Select Install WinFlash. 4. Follow the on-screen instructions. The WinFlash utility guides you through the firmware upgrade process, as described below. For more information, refer to the WinFlash Help. Upgrading the receiver firmware 140 1. Start the WinFlash utility. The Device Configuration screen appears. 2. From the Device type list, select your receiver. 3, From the PC serial port field, select the serial (COM) port on the computer that the receiver is connected to. 4, Click Next. The Operation Selection screen appears. The Operations list shows all of the supported operations for the selected device. A description of the selected operation is shown in the Description field. 5. Select Load GPS software and then click Next. The GPS Software Selection window appears. This screen prompts you to select the software that you want to install on the receiver. 6. From the Available Software list, select the latest version and then click Next. SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide Upgrading the Receiver Firmware E The Settings Review window appears. This screen prompts you to connect the receiver, suggests a connection method, and then lists the receiver configuration and selected operation. 7, Ifallis correct, click Finish. Based on the selections shown above, the Software Upgrade window appears and shows the status of the operation (for example, Establishing communication with <your receiver>. Please wait.). 8. Click OK. The Software Upgrade window appears again and states that the operation was completed successfully. 9, Toselect another operation, click Menu; to quit, click Exit. Ifyou click Exit, the system prompts you to confirm. 10. Click OK. Forcing the receiver into Monitor mode If the receiver will not go into Monitor mode to load new firmware, complete the following steps:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Turn off the receiver. Press and hold while turning on the receiver. Continue to hold the button as the display shows the countdown timer. Once the display shows Remote Monitor Active:1, release the button. The receiver is forced into Monitor mode and you can load the new firmware. SP5x50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 141 E Upgrading the Receiver Firmware 142 SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide APPENDIX po ne a Troubleshooting In this appendix: Use this appendix to identify and salve common co. problems that may occur with the receiver. mw Receiver issues Please read this section before you contact Technical Support. SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 143 F Troubleshooting Receiver issues This section describes some possible receiver issues, possible causes, and how to solve them. issue Possible cause Solution The receiver does External power is too Check the charge on the external battery and, if applicable, not turn on. low, check the fuse. Interna! power is too. low. External power is not properly connected. Faulty power cable. Receiver does not Insufficient memory. Jog data. Data Logging option is disabled. The receiver is tracking fewer than four satellites. The internal memory needs to be reformatted The receiver isnot Receiver needs a soft responding. reset. Receiver needs a full reset. 144 SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide Check the charge on the internal battery. Check that the Lemo connector or 26-pin adaptor is seated correctly, and that the cable is secured to the receiver. Check for broken or bent pins in the connector. Check that you are using the correct cable for the port/battery. Check that the correct battery is connected to a particular port. The ports on the SPSx50 receiver are optimized for use with different types of battery. The 26-pin connector is optimized for Trimble custom external batteries, and the Lemo port is optimized for external 12 V batteries such as car, motorcycle, or truck batteries. If the wrong type of battery is connected to a wrong port, it is likely that it will cut off earlier than normal. Check pinouts with a multimeter to ensure internal wiring is intact. Delete old files. Do one of the following:

* Press () for 35 seconds. Use the delete and purge functions in the Data Logging menu (see above) of the web interface. Order the Data Logging option from your local Trimble dealer. By default, Data logging is disabled on all SPS GPS receivers, To see if data logging is enabled on your receiver, check your original purchase order or the receiver configuration using the web interface. Wait until the receiver display shows that more than four satellites are being tracked. Press () for 35 seconds. Turn off the receiver and then turn it back on again. Press (@) for 35 seconds. Troubleshooting F The base station receiver is not broadcasting. Rover receiver is not receiving radio, Possible cause Port settings between reference receiver and radio are incosrect. Corrections are routed to a port rather than to the internal radio modem. Arubber duck antenna is connected directly to the radio antenna port on the receiver, or an external high-gain antenna is connected via cable to the radio antenna port on the receiver. You are using AutoBase and the AutoBase Warning function is enabled, Faulty cable between receiver and radio. No power to radio, The base station receiver is not broadcasting. Incorrect over air baud rates between reference and rover. Incorrect port settings between roving external radio and receiver. The radio antenna cable and GPS antenna cable are mixed up. Solution Using the SCS900 Site Controller software, connect to the reference radio through the receiver. If no connection is made, connect directly to the radio and change the port settings. Try to connect through the receiver again to ensure that they are communicating. Check that corrections are routed correctly using the receiver keypad and display. Check that the connections are made correctly and to the right connectors. Ensure that the connectors are seated tightly and that there are no signs of damage to the cable.

{f you set up on a new point on a site that has not been occupied previously, the AutoBase Warning will prohibit the base station from broadcasting. Try a different cable. Examine the ports for missing pins. Use a multimeter to check pinouts. Hf the radio has its own power supply, check the charge and connections. If power is routed through the receiver, ensure that the receivers external power source is charged and that power output on Port 3 is enabled. See the issue,The base station receiver is not broadcasting. above. Connect to the rover receiver radio, and make sure that it has the same setting as the reference receiver. The $CS900 software automatically configures the over-the-

air baud rate to 9600. If the radio is receiving data and the receiver is not getting radio communications, use the SCS900 software to check that the port settings are correct. Make sure that the external radio antenna cable is connected between the TNC connector marked RADIO and the radio antenna. SP5x50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 145 F Troubleshooting Issue Possible cause Solution The receiver isnot The GPS antenna is Make sure that the GPS antenna cable is tightly seated in the receiving satellite connected to the wrong GPS antenna connection on the receiver and not connected signals antenna connector. to the wrong / radio antenna connector. The GPS antenna cable is Make sure that the GPS antenna cable is tightly seated in the loose. GPS antenna connection on the GPS antenna. The cable is damaged. Check the cable for any signs of damage. A damaged cable can inhibit signal detection from the antenna at the receiver. The GPS antenna isnot * Make sure that the GPS antenna is located with a clear in clear line of sight to view of the sky. the sky. Restart the receiver as a last resort (turn off and then turn it on again). 146 SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide Glossary almanac AutoBase base station BINEX broadcast server carrier carrier frequency carrier phase cellular modems CMR CMR+

covanance A file that contains orbit information on all the satellites, clock corrections. and atmospheric delay parameters. The almanac is transmitted by a GPS satellite to a GPS receiver, where it facilitates rapid acquisition of GPS signals when you start collecting data, or when you have lost track of satellites and are trying to regain GPS signals. The orbit information is a subset of the emphemeris / ephemerides data. AutoBase technology uses the position of the receiver to automatically select the correct base station; allowing for one button press operation of a base station. It shortens setup time associated with repeated daily base station setups at the same location on jobsites. Also called reference station. A base station in construction, is a receiver placed at a known point on a jobsite that tracks the same satellites as an RTK rover, and provides a real-time differential correction message stream through radio to the rover, to obtain centimeter level positions on a continuous real-time basis. A base station can also be a part of a virtual reference station network, or a location at which GPS observations are collected over a period of time, for subsequent postprocessing to obtain the most accurate position for the Jocation. Blnary EXchange format. BINEX is an operational binary format standard for GPS/GLONASS/SBAS research purposes. It has been designed to grow and allow encapsulation of all (or most) of the information currently allowed for in a range of other formats. An Internet server that manages authentication and password control for a network of VRS servers, and relays VRS corrections from the VRS server that you select. Aradio wave having at least one characteristic (such as frequency, amplitude, or phase) that can be varied from a known reference value by modulation. The frequency of the unmodulated fundamental output of a radio transmitter. The GPS LI carrier frequency is 1575.42 MHz. The time taken for the L1 or L2 carrier signal generated by the satellite to reach the GPS receiver. Measuring the number of carrier waves between the satellite and receiver is a very accurate method of calculating the distance between them. Awireless adaptor that connects a laptop computer toa cellular phone system for data transfer, Cellular modems, which contain their own antennas, plug into a PC Card slot or into the USB port of the computer and are available for a variety of wireless data services such as GPRS. Compact Measurement Record. A real-time message format developed by Trimble for broadcasting corrections to other Trimble receivers. CMR is a more efficient alternative to RTCM. The mean value. SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 147 Glossary datum deep discharge DGPS differential correction differential GPS DOP dual-frequency GPS EGNOS. elevation mask ellipsoid emphemeris /

ephemerides Also called geodetic datum. A mathematical model designed to best fit the geoid, defined by the relationship between an ellipsoid and, a point on the topographic surface, established as the origin of the datum. World geodetic datums are typically defined by the size and shape of an ellipsoid and the relationship between the center of the ellipsoid and the center of the earth. Because the earth is not a perfect ellipsoid, any single datum will provide a better model in some locations than in others. Therefore, various datums have been established to suit particular regions. For example, maps in Europe are often based on the European datum of 1950 (ED-50}. Maps in the United States are often based on the North American datum of 1927

(NAD-27} or 1983 (NAD-83). All GPS coordinates are based on the WGS-84 datum surface. Withdrawal of all electrical energy to the end-point voltage before the cell or battery is recharged. See real-time differential GPS. Differential correction is the process of correcting GPS data collected on a rover with data collected simultaneously at a base station, Because the base station is ona known location, any errors in data collected at the base station can be measured, and the necessary corrections applied to the rover data. Differential correction can be done in real-time, or after the data has been collected by postprocessing, See real-time differential GPS. Dilution of Precision. A measure of the quality of GPS positions, based on the geometry of the satellites used to compute the positions, When satellites are widely spaced relative to each other, the DOP value is lower, and position accuracy is greater. When satellites are close together in the sky, the DOP is higher and GPS positions may contain a greater level of error. PDOP (Position DOP) indicates the three-dimensional geometry of the satellites. Other DOP values include HDOP (Horizontal DOP) and VDOP (Vertical DOP), which indicate the accuracy of horizontal measurements (latitude and longitude) and vertical measurements respectively. PDOP is related to HDOP and VDOP as follows:

PDOP? = HDOP? + VDOP?

A type of receiver that uses both L1 and L2 signals from GPS satellites. A dual-frequency receiver can compute more precise position fixes over longer distances and under more adverse conditions because it compensates for ionospheric delays. European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service. A satellite-based augmentation system (SBAS) that provides a free-to-air differential correction service for GPS. EGNOS is the European equivalent of WAAS, which is available in the United States. The angle below which the receiver will not track satellites. Normally set to 10 degrees to avoid interference problems caused by buildings and trees, and multipath errors. An ellipsoid is the three-dimensional shape that is used as the basis for mathematically modeling the earth's surface. The ellipsoid is defined by the lengths of the minor and major axes. The earth's minor axis is the polar axis and the major axis is the equatorial axis. A list of predicted (accurate) positions or locations of satellites as a function of time. A set of numerical parameters that can be used to determine a satellite's position. Available as broadcast ephemeris or as postprocessed precise ephemeris. 148 SP5x50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide Glossary epoch feature firmware GLONASS GNSS GSOF HDOP Ll L2 L5 Moving Base MSAS multipath NMEA OmniSTAR The measurement interval of a GPS receiver. The epoch varies according to the measurement type: for real-time measurement it is set at one second; for postprocessed measurement it can be set to arate of between one second and one minute, For example, if data is measured every 15 seconds, loading data using 30-second epochs means loading every alternate measurement. A feature is a physical object or event that has a location in the real world, which you want to collect position and/or descriptive information (attributes) about. Features can be classified as surface or non-surface features, and again as points, lines/breaklines, or boundaries/areas. The program inside the receiver that controls receiver operations and hardware. Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System. GLONASS is a Soviet space-based navigation system comparable to the American GPS system. The operational system consists of 21 operational and 3 non-operational satellites in 3 orbit planes. Global Navigation Satellite System. General Serial Output Format. A Trimble proprietary message format. Horizontal Dilution of Precision. HDOP is a DOP value that indicates the accuracy of horizontal measurements, Other DOP values include VDOP (vertical DOP) and PDOP

(Position DOP). Using a maximum HDOP is ideal for situations where vertical precision is not particularly important, and your position yield would be decreased by the vertical component of the PDOP (for example, if you are collecting data under canopy). The primary L-band carrier used by GPS satellites to transmit satellite data. The secondary L-band carrier used by GPS satellites to transmit satellite data. The third L-band carrier used by GPS satellites to transmit satellite data. LS will provide a higher power level than the other carriers. As a result, acquiring and tracking weak signals will be easier. Moving Base is an RTK positioning technique in which both reference and rover receivers are mobile. Corrections are sent from a base receiver to a rover receiver and the resultant baseline (vector) has centimeter-level accuracy. MTSAT Satellite-Based Augmentation System. A satellite-based augmentation system

(SBAS) that provides a free-to-air differential correction service for GPS. MSAS is the Japanese equivalent of WAAS, which is available in the United States. Interference, similar to ghosts on a television screen, that occurs when GPS signals arrive at an antenna having traversed different paths. The signal traversing the longer path yields a larger pseudorange estimate and increases the error, Multiple paths can arise from reflections off the ground or off structures near the antenna. National Marine Electronics Association. NMEA 0183 defines the standard for interfacing marine electronic navigational devices. This standard defines a number of strings referred to as NMEA strings that contain navigational details such as positions. Most Trimble GPS receivers can output positions as NMEA strings. The OmniSTAR HP/XP service allows the use of new generation dual-frequency receivers with the OmniSTAR service. The HP/XP service does not rely on local reference stations for its signal, but utilizes a global satellite monitoring network. Additionally, while most current dual-frequency GPS systems are accurate to within a meter or so, OmniSTAR with XP is accurate in 3D to better than 30 cm. SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 149 Glossary PDOP postprocessing real-time differential GPS rover Roving mode RICM RTK SBAS signal-to-noise ratio skyplot SNR triple frequency GPS uTc Position Dilution of Precision, PDOP is a DOP value that indicates the accuracy of three-dimensional measurements. Other DOP values include VDOP (vertical DOP) and HDOP (Horizontal Dilution of Precision). Using a maximum PDOP value is ideal for situations where both vertical and horizontal precision are important. Postprocessing is the processing of satellite data after it has been collected, in order to eliminate error. This involves using computer software to compare data from the rover with data collected at the base station. Also known as real-time differential correction or DGPS. Real-time differential GPS is the process of correcting GPS data as you collect it. Corrections are calculated at a base station and then sent to the receiver through a radio link, As the rover receives the position it applies the corrections to give you a very accurate position in the field. Most real-time differential correction methods apply corrections to code phase positions. RTK uses carrier phase measurements. While DGPS is a generic term, its common interpretation is that it entails the use of single-frequency code phase data sent from a GPS base station to a rover GPS receiver to provide sub-meter position accuracy. The rover receiver can be at a long range

(greater than 100 ks (62 miles)) from the base station. A rover is any mobile GPS receiver that is used to collect or update data in the field, typically at an unknown location. Roving mode applies to the use of a rover receiver to collect data, stakeout, or control earthmoving machinery in real time using RTK techniques. Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services. A commission established to define a differential data link for the real-time differential correction of roving GPS receivers. There are three versions of RTCM correction messages. All Trimble GPS receivers use Version 2 protocol for single-frequency DGPS type corrections. Carrier phase corrections are available on Version 2, or on the newer Version 3 RTCM protocol, which is available on certain Trimble dual-frequency receivers. The Version 3 RTCM protocol is more compact but is not as widely supported as Version 2. real-time kinematic. A real-time differential GPS method that uses carrier phase measurements for greater accuracy. Satellite-Based Augmentation System. SBAS is based on differential GPS, but applies to wide area (WAAS/EGNOS and MSAS) networks of reference stations. Corrections and additional information are broadcast via geostationary satellites. SNR. The signal strength of a satellite is a measure of the information content of the signal, relative to the signal's noise. The typical SNR of a satellite at 30 elevation is between 47 and 50 dBHz. The quality of a GPS position is degraded if the SNR of one or more satellites in the constellation falls below 39. The satellite skyplot confirms reception of a differentially corrected GPS signal and displays the number of satellites tracked by the GPS receiver, as well as their relative positions. See signal-to-noise ratio. A type of receiver that uses three carrier phase measurements (L1, L2, and L5). Universal Time Coordinated. A time standard based on local solar mean time at the Greenwich meridian. 150 SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide Glossary WAAS WGS-84 Virtual Reference Station. A VRS system consists of GPS hardware, software, and communication links. It uses data from a network of base stations to provide corrections to each rover that are more accurate than corrections from a single base station. To start using VRS corrections, the rover sends its position to the VRS server. The VRS server uses the base station data to model systematic errors (such as ionospheric noise) at the rover position. It then sends RTCM correction messages back to the rover. Wide Area Augmentation System. WAAS was established by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) for flight and approach navigation for civil aviation. WAAS improves the accuracy and availability of the basic GPS signals over its coverage area, which includes the continental United States and outlying parts of Canada and Mexico. The WAAS system provides correction data for visible satellites. Corrections are computed from ground station observations and then uploaded to two geostationary satellites. This data is then broadcast on the L1 frequency, and is tracked using a channel on the GPS receiver, exactly like a GPS satellite. Use WAAS when other correction sources are unavailable, to obtain greater accuracy than autonomous positions. For more information on WAAS, refer to the FAA website at http://gps.faa.gov. The EGNOS service is the European equivalent and MSAS is the Japanese equivalent of WAAS. World Geodetic System 1984. Since January 1987, WGS-84 has superseded WGS-72 as the datum used by GPS. The WGS-84 datum is based on the ellipsoid of the same name. SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 151 Glossary 152 SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide