FCC ID: LFO-LR2050 Data transceiver

LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual PRELIMINARY 20 January 2000 LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual ii FCC Notice This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide rea-

sonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equip-

ment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio com-

munications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particu-

lar installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver. Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. Changes or modifications not expressly approved in writing by UC Wireless Inc. may void the users authority to operate this equipment. UC Wireless can not accept any financial or other responsibilities that may be the result of your use of this information, including direct, indirect, special, or consequential damages. There are no warranties extended or granted by this document. Refer to separate warranty documents for product warranty coverage and specifics. LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual iii TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 2 3 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................1 SPECIFICATIONS ................................................................................................................................2 INDOOR UNIT.......................................................................................................................................3 3.1 3.2 FRONT PANEL................................................................................................................................3 REAR PANEL..................................................................................................................................4 4 OUTDOOR UNIT...................................................................................................................................6 5 INSTALLATION....................................................................................................................................7 5.1 5.2 5.3 BENCH CHECK OUT.......................................................................................................................7 FIELD INSTALLATION ....................................................................................................................7 ANTENNA INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS: FCC RF EXPOSURE LIMITS.......................................9 6 COMMANDS........................................................................................................................................10 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 COMMAND SYNTAX.....................................................................................................................10 RADIO CONFIGURATIONS............................................................................................................11 EDIT CONFIGURATION COMMANDS..............................................................................................13 CONSOLE REDIRECTION COMMANDS..........................................................................................17 RADIO TEST AND MONITORING COMMANDS...............................................................................18 MISCELLANEOUS COMMANDS .....................................................................................................19 1 INTRODUCTION The LongRanger 2050 is a Spread Spectrum radio operating in the Industrial Scientific and Medical (ISM) band from 2.400GHz to 2.4835 GHz. It provide a wireless, synchronous full duplex, point-to-point communications at a variety of speeds up to 768 Kbps. Spread Spectrum technology allows operation without a license with output power of up to 28 dBm. The LongRanger 2050 architecture separates the radio into two distinct sections: an Indoor Unit that interfaces with the user equipment, and a watertight Outdoor Unit, which is typically mounted in close proximity to the antenna. The two units are connected with a single coaxial cable, carrying the following signals:

1. DC voltage to power up the Outdoor Unit. 2. Reference frequency for the Outdoor Unit frequency synthesizer. 3. Encoded control signals to select the transmit/receive channels, calibration and built in test functions of the outdoor unit. 4. Intermediate Frequency (transmit and receive)) The cable connecting the Indoor and Outdoor unit can be an inexpensive coaxial cable since the Intermediate Frequency in the cable operates at 325 MHz. LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual 2 2 SPECIFICATIONS RF Specifications RF Frequency Band RF Signal Bandwidth RF Channels 2.400GHz to 2.4835 GHz 13.8 MHz Center frequency programmable in 512 KHz steps Transmitter Output Power Up to 28 dBm (programmable) Modulation Type PN Code rate PN Code Lengths RF Data Rates (one way) Receiver Sensitivity (10-6 BER) BPSK or QPSK (programmable), direct sequence spread spectrum 9.216 Mchip/sec 11, 15, 31 or 63 (programmable) 146 Kbps to 1676 Kbps (see table below)

-95 dBm (@ 146 Kpbs)

-84 dBm (@ 1676 Kbps) Transmit/Receive Turnaround

< 150 us Data Interfaces Command Port RS-232 (DE9 connector) Primary Serial Data Port RS-232/EIA530/V.35 (DB25 connector) Ethernet Port 10 BaseT Echelon LONWORKS RJ-45 Connector Diagnostic Port RS-232 (DE9 internal connector) Power Requirements Input Voltage

+9 to +16 Volts DC (External AC adapter available) Power Consumption 15 Watts maximum Operating Temperature

-40 to +70 Degrees C Mechanical:

Indoor Unit Dimensions 6.8 wide x 2.3 high x 8.3 deep Indoor Unit Weight 40 oz. Up/Down Converter Dimensions 5.9 diameter x 1.75 high Up/Down Converter Weight 48 oz. One Way RF Data Rates (Kbps) 11 838 1676 PN Code Length 31 15 614 1229 63 297 146 BPSK QPSK LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual 3 3 INDOOR UNIT 3.1 Front Panel The LongRanger 2050 front panel is shown in the figure below. The front panel includes fifteen Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) described in the following table. LED Color POWER LINK Green Green Front Panel LEDs Function Lights up when the unit power is applied to the power connector Indicates that the RF link and data link to the user Data Terminal Equipment is active and operational. ALARM Red When lit indicates that an alarm condition (link dropped) has occurred. It can be cleared with a console command. RADIO Tx Amber Lights up when the radio is transmitting over RF RADIO Rx Green Lights up when the radio is receiving over RF SERIAL Tx Amber Lights up when data is being output by the radio over the Data port in the radio rear panel SERIAL Rx Green Lights up when data is being received by the radio over the Data port in the radio rear panel ANTENNA A Green Indicates that the radio is currently utilizing the antenna A port in the Outdoor Unit ANTENNA B Green Indicates that the radio is currently utilizing the antenna B port in the Outdoor Unit LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual 4 3.2 Rear Panel The LongRanger 2050 rear panel is shown in the figure below. It includes seven connectors described in the following table Connector Type DATA PORT DB25 Female AUXILIARY PORT DE9 Female Indoor Unit Rear Panel Connectors Function Data port to be connected to the Data Terminal Equipment. This port can be software configured to operate in RS-232, EIA-530 or V.35 modes. The pin assignments are standard Data Communication Equipment (DCE) shown in the following table. The auxiliary port is used to configure and monitor the radio operation. It operates in RS-232 mode and is wired as a standard DCE. This port should be connected to a terminal or a PC running a terminal emulation mode. The baud rate defaults to 9600 baud. Power jack to be connected to the external power supply. POWER ETHERNET SYNC OUTDOOR UNIT RJ45 10 Base T Connection to an Ethernet LAN used for network management purposes. BNC TNC Synchronization signal to synchronize the RF transmissions of collocated units. Intermediate Frequency and control signals to the Outdoor Unit. It must be connected through a coaxial cable to the corresponding connector in the Outdoor Unit. GND Chassis ground to be wired to the Earth ground. LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual 5 The Data Port connector pin assignments, for each of the programmable modes, is sjhown in the following table:

Data Port Connector (DB25) Pin Assignments Pin Assignment Signal Name Protective Ground Transmitted Data Received Data Request to Send Clear to Send Data Set Ready Signal Ground Carrier Detect Abbr. GND TD RD RTS CTS DSR SG CD Synchronous Transmit Clock STC Synchronous Receive Clock SRC Data Terminal Ready DTR Synchronous External Clock RS-232 EIA 530 V.35 Direction 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 15 17 20 24 1 1 2

(A)

(B) 14 2

(A)

(B) 14 DTE to radio 3

(A)

(B) 16 3

(A)

(B) 16 radio to DTE 4

(A)

(B) 19 5

(A)

(B) 13

(A) 6

(B) 22 7 8

(A)

(B) 10 4 5 6 7 8 DTE to radio radio to DTE radio to DTE radio to DTE

(A) 15

(B) 12

(A) 15

(B) 12 radio to DTE

(A) 17

(B) 9 17

(A)

(B) 9 radio to DTE

(A)

(B) 20 23 20 DTE to radio

(A) 24

(B) 11

(A) 24

(B) 11 DTE to radio LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual 6 4 OUTDOOR UNIT The Outdoor Unit is a 6 inch diameter round unit with four connectors along its side. The unit is environmentally sealed and it is intended to be mounted in close proximity to the antenna. Figure 2 shows the outline of the outdoor unit and identifies the four connectors. The unit is typically mounted with the TNC connector pointing down as shown in the figure. Connector Type Antenna A N Outdoor Unit Connectors Use 2.4 GHz RF connection to the primary antenna. When a single antenna is used, antenna A is the default. Indoor Unit TNC Intermediate Frequency and control signals. This must be connected to an indoor unit using a coaxial cable Antenna B N 2.4 GHz RF connection to an alternate antenna. Test BNC Test connector to be used as an antenna alignment aid LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual 7 5 INSTALLATION The LongRanger 2050 units are shipped pre-configured to operate in synchronous mode at 768 Kbps with internal timing (clocks supplied by the radios). It is recommended to perform an initial check on the bench before a field installation. 5.1 Bench Check Out For initial check-out perform the following steps:

1. Connect the Indoor units Auxiliary Port to a terminal, or a PC running a terminal emulation program. Configure the terminal settings as follows:

Baud rate: 9600 Parity: none Word length: 8 bits 2. Connect each indoor unit Data Port to the appropriate Data Terminal Equipment. 3. Connect each Indoor Unit to the respective Outdoor Unit using a coaxial cable with male TNC connectors at both ends. 4. Connect the Outdoor Units Antenna A port (N type connector) to an appropriate 2.4 GHz band antenna using a coaxial cable. 5. Connect the Indoor Unit power connector to the external power supply. Make sure that the power supply is rated for the appropriate voltage (110 or 220 Vac). 6. Connect the power supplies to the power outlet. 7. After initial power up, the units output the prompt local> to the respective terminals. Set one radio to the default factory-master configuration by typing the following command:

local> apply fm 8. Set the second radio to the default factory-slave configuration by typing the following command:

local> apply fs 9. If there is an RF path between the two units, the RADIO LEDs in both indoor units will light up indicating that they have established an RF link. 10. The terminal at each end can be used to further modify the radios operating parameters and monitor the link performance. The following section describes the command language used to perform those functions. 5.2 Field Installation Antenna Selection and Orientation The Outdoor Unit is typically attached to a post (with the clamp provided) with the connectors facing down. For optimum performance the Outdoor Unit must be mounted in close proximity to LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual 8 the antenna with a cable run typically under 2 meters (6feet). For the LongRanger 2050 UC Wireless provides three antenna types listed below Antenna Type Omnidirectional Yagi Dish Reflector Gain 8 dBi 15 dBi 24 dBi Manufacturer Model Number Mobilmark OD9-2400-24 Cushcraft California Amp. PC2415 130094 Antennas at each end of the link must be mounted similarly in terms of polarity, and directional antennas must be carefully oriented towards each other. The choice of polarization horizontal vs. vertical is in many cases arbitrary. However, many potentially interfering signals are polarized vertically and an excellent means of reducing their effect is to mount the system antennas for horizontal polarization. Of the antennas available from UC Wireless, the two directional antennas can be mounted for horizontal or vertical polarization, while the omnidirectional antenna can only be mounted for vertical polarization. Output Power: Point-to-point and Point to Nultipoint Operation FCC regulations limit the maximum Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) for spread spectrum systems operating in the 2.4 GHz band. For point-to-multipoint applications the EIRP must not exceed 36 dBm. For point-to-point applications the maximum EIRP depends on the antenna gain, as follows:

Point-to-point Power Input Limits Channel 50 49 48 47 46 45 all other chs. Fo, MHz 2476.900 2475.364 2473.828 2472.292 2470.756 2469.220 8dBi Ant. 15 dBi Ant. 24 dBi Ant 25 26 28 28 28 28 28 19 20 24 27 27 27 27 10 11 16 19 23 24 24 For point-to-point operations, FCC regulations prohibit the use of point-to-multipoint systems, omnidirectional applications, and multiple co-located radios transmitting the same information. The installer is responsible for insuring that fixed, point-to-point systems are configured and used exclusively as fixed point-to-point systems. For the three recommended antennas listed above, when used in point-to-multipoint configurations, the LongRanger 2050 output power must be set to no more than the value shown in the table below. Refer to section 6 for the command required to set the output power. LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual 9 Point-to-multipoint Power Input Limits Channel 50 49 all other chs. Fo, MHz 2476.900 2475.364 8dBi Ant. 15 dBi Ant. 24 dBi Ant 25 26 28 19 20 21 10 11 12 5.3 Antenna Installation Instructions: FCC RF Exposure Limits Antennas used for these transmitters shall be professionally installed on permanent structures for outdoor operations. The installer is responsible for ensuring that the systems using high gain directional antennas are used exclusively for fixed, point-to-point operations. The installer shall mount all transmit antennas so as to comply with the limits for human exposure to radio frequency (RF) fields per paragraph 1.1307 of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Regulations . The FCC requirements incorporate limits for Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) in terms of electric field strength, magnetic field strength, and power density. Antenna installations shall be engineered so that MPE is limited to 1 mW/cm2 , the more stringent limit for "uncontrolled environments". Table 2 below specifies the minimum distance that must be maintained between the antenna and any areas where persons may have access, including rooftop walkways, sidewalks, as well as through windows and other RF-transparent areas behind which persons may be located. Table 2 Antenna Radiation Hazard Exposure, mW/cm2:

1.00 Max RF Power TX Antenna P, dBm G, dBi MPE Safe Distance, cm 24.0 27.0 28.0 24.0 15.0 8.0 Basis of Calculations:

70.9 35.5 20*

E^2/3770 = S, mW/cm2 E, V/m = (Pwatts*Ggain*30)^.5/d, meters d = ((Pwatts*G*30)/3770*S))^0.5 Pwatts*Ggain = 10^(PdBm-30+GdBi)/10)

*NOTE: For mobile or fixed location transmitters, minimum separation distance is 20 cm, even if calculations indicate MPE distance is less LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual 10 6 COMMANDS The auxiliary port in the back panel (asynchronous RS-232) is used for issuing configuration commands and monitor the radio status and performance. Both the local radio and the remote radio may be configured or monitored. The prompt will read local> or remote> to indicate which unit is being configured. Of course, configuring the remote unit is only possible if an RF link is established. The help command provides a list of all the commands available. To get more detailed help for a specific command, type help command-name. A sample output of the help command, listing all commands, is shown in the figure below:

The radio keeps a history of several of the previously issued commands. Those commands can be viewed by pressing the up-arrow and down-arrow keys on the keyboard. Any of those previously issued commands can then be edited and reentered by pressing the <Carriage Return> key. 6.1 Command syntax The command interpreter in the LongRanger 2050 is designed to accommodate both a novice as well as an expert operator. All commands and parameters have descriptive names so that they are easily remembered and their meaning is clear. In order to be descriptive however, those LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual 11 commands are sometimes long. As the operator becomes familiar with the command language, typing the complete words could become cumbersome. The LongRanger command interpreter recognizes any abbreviations to commands and parameter names, as long as they are unambiguous. If an ambiguous command is entered, the radio will output all possible choices. Commands have the following generic form:

command parameter=value parameter=value Following is a brief list of syntax rules:

Words (for commands, parameters, or values) can be abbreviated to a point where they are unambiguous. Some commands or parameters consist of compound words separated by an hyphen. With compound words, the hyphen is optional. Additionally each word in a compound word can be abbreviated separately. For example, the following are all valid abbreviations for the command data-port: data, datap d-p dp. The parameter and value lists are context sensitive, i.e., in order to solve ambiguities the command interpreter only considers parameters valid for current command, or values valid for the current parameter. Arguments (parameter/value pairs) can be listed in any order. Even though parameters can be listed in any order, there is a natural order known by the command interpreter. This allows the user to specify parameter values without having to type the parameter names. For example the command

>copy-configuration source=factory-master dest=current can be entered as (using abbreviation rules as well):

>copy fm cur Using the preceding rule, for commands that have a single argument, the parameter name part of the argument is always optional, i.e., you can enter:

>command value Not all parameters associated with a command need to be specified. Depending on the command, when a parameter is omitted it either assumes a default value or keeps the last value assigned to that parameter. 6.2 Radio Configurations A radio configuration consists of a set of programmable parameters that define the radio operation with regard to a variety of operating modes. The radio holds five configuration sets at all times, identified as current, alternate, working-copy, factory-master, and factory-

slave. LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual 12 The current configuration is the set of parameters currently being used. This configuration can be modified by the operator and is stored in non-volatile memory. On power up the radio reverts to this configuration. The alternate configuration is a second set of configuration parameters also stored in non-

volatile memory. It is useful for trying out different parameters in the current configuration but still keeping a known working configuration intact. The factory-master and factory-slave are preset configurations that can not be modified by the operator. They configure two radios in a compatible mode, one as a master and the other as a slave. They are often useful as a starting point to create a customized configuration. The working-copy configuration is a temporary copy where all the edits are performed. This configuration is not in non-volatile memory. On power up the working-copy configuration is set to the current configuration. In order to modify the radio operating parameters, the desired configuration must first be copied into the working copy area. All the edits are performed on this working copy. When the edit is complete, the working copy can be written to the current or alternate configurations. When this is executed, the software performs a number of consistency checks to verify that the configuration is legal. The commands to manipulate the different configurations are described below copy-configuration source=xxx destination=xxx Copies the configuration specified as the source into the one specified as the destination. Examples:

local> copy-configuration source=factory-master destination=alternate local> copy fm alt swap-configuration source=xxx destination=xxx Swaps the configurations specified as the source and the destination. Example:

local> swap current alternate local> sw c a open-configuration source=xxx Copies the specified configuration into the working-copy so that it can be edited. If the source parameter is not specified it defaults to current Example:

local> open alternate LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual 13 save-configuration destination=xxx Copies the working-copy parameters into the specified configuration Example:

local> save alternate apply-configuration source=xxx Copies the specified configuration into the current configuration. If the parameter is not specified it defaults to the working-copy Example:

local> apply fm display-configuration source=xxx Displays all the parameters of the specified configuration Example:

local> display fac-slave local> dis fs 6.3 Edit configuration commands This set of commands modifies the parameters in the working copy configuration set. For this set of commands, when a parameter is omitted, it keeps the last value assigned to that parameter. data-port speed=value Sets the data rate of the synchronous data port in bits per second. Valid values are: 64000, 128000, 192000, 256000, 384000, 512000, 768000. physical-interface=rs-232 or eia-530 or v.35 Sets the electrical interface of the DB25 data port. The possible values are: rs-232, eia-530 or v.35 clock-source=value Specifies the clock source to be used to clock in the transmit data line (pins 2,14), and to clock out the receive data line (pins 3, 16). It can be specified as one of four values:

internal: The transmit and receive clocks are generated by the local radio. The transmit clock is output on pins 15 and 12, and the receive clock on pins 17 and 9. external: The transmit and receive clocks are supplied by the DTE on pins 24 and 11. The radio drives the transmit and receive clock lines (pins 15,12 and 17,9), with a clock signal locked to the externally supplied clock. LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual 14 remote: The transmit and receive clocks are locked to the clock in the remote radio. The transmit clock is output on pins 15 and 12, and the receive clock on pins 17 and 9. hybrid: The transmit clock is supplied by the DTE on pins 24 and 11. The receive clock is locked to the transmit clock of the remote radio. In a typical link, one radio will have the clock source set to remote and the other radio to either internal or external. This guarantees that there is a single clock source providing the timing reference for the links in both directions, therefore avoiding clock slippage. transmit-clock-polarity=non-invert or invert Allows to invert the polarity of the transmit clock being output on pins 15 and 12. receive-clock-polarity=non-invert or invert Allows to invert the polarity of the receive clock being output on pins 17 and 9. auxiliary-port speed=valuer Sets the data rate of the asynchronous auxiliary port in bits per second. Valid values are all the common baud rates from 300 to 115200. data-bits=7 or 8 Sets the number of data bits per character. Valid values are 7 or 8. parity= none, even or odd Sets the parity mode in the auxiliary port to none, even or odd. stop-bits=1 or 2 Sets the number of stop bits to 1 or 2. rf-receive channel=number Sets the radio frequency channel for RF receive. The valid channel numbers range from 5 to 50. Channel 5 corresponds to 2407.78 MHz and channel 50 to 2476.90 MHz. Channels are spaced 1536 KHz apar (see table below). pn-code=number Selects one of the pre-programmed pseudo-noise spreading codes from 1 to 6. The number of different spreading codes available depends on the spreading code length specified with the rf-speed command as follows:

LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual 15 PN code length Number of codes 63 6 31 6 15 2 11 1 antenna=a or b Selects the antenna port in the Outdoor Unit to be used during RF receive. address=number Specifies the radio local address for the RF link. Its value can range from 0 to 65536. The address value can be entered in hexadecimal format by preceding it with 0x. If the address is specified as all ones (0xFFFF), the radio will accept all RF packets irrespective of the packet address. rf-transmit channel=number Sets the radio frequency channel for RF receive. The valid channel numbers range from 5 to 50. Channel 5 corresponds to 2407.78 MHz and channel 50 to 2476.90 MHz. Channels are spaced 1536 KHz apar (see table below). pn-code=number Selects one of the pre-programmed pseudo-noise spreading codes from 1 to 6. The number of different spreading codes available depends on the spreading code length specified with the rf-speed command as follows:

PN code length Number of codes 63 6 31 6 15 2 11 1 antenna=a or b Selects the antenna port in the Outdoor Unit to be used during RF transmissions address=number Specifies the destination address inserted in each packet. Its value can range from 0 to 65536. The address value can be entered in hexadecimal format by preceding it with 0x. The address value of all ones (0xFFFF) is interpreted as a broadcast address and will be accepted by all radios. LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual 16 power=number Specifies the transmit output power in dBm. The number entered can range from 0 to 28 dBm in steps of two (if an odd value is specified, it will be accepted but the power level will be 1 dB less than specified). rf-both This command allows to modify the parameters that are common to the RF transmit and receive with a single command. The valid parameters are: channel, pn-code, antenna, and address. Refer to the previous two commands for a description of each parameter. rf-speed There is normally no need for the user to change the rf-speed parameters. As long as the automatic rf-speed mode is turned ON, the radio will adjust the spreading code length and the modulation values to provide adequate RF bandwidth for the desired user data rate. pn-length=number Specifies the spreading code length to be used in the spreading process. The valid numbers are 11, 15, 31 or 63. modulation=bpsk or qpsk Specifies the modulation type to be used in the RF process. The combination of the PN code length and the modulation type result in specific data rates over RF. secondary-speed=value Reserves the specified data rate for the secondary data transmitted over RF. The secondary data is used to monitor and configure the remote unit. The default value of 1200 bits per second is adequate for that purpose. automatic=1 or 0 (on or off) When turned on, the RF speed parameters (pn code length and modulation) are automatically adjusted by the radio to provide enough RF throughput for the full duplex data rate specified for the data port. tdd synchronization=master or slave For a radio link to work in Time Division Duplex, one radio needs to be configured as a master and the other radio as a slave. The slave radio synchronizes its RF transmissions to the timing of the master radio. LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual 17 cycle-time=value Specifies the length of the time division duplex cycle in milliseconds. A cycle consists of a transmission of a packet followed by a reception. The end to end delay of the synchronous data is approximately of the cycle time. Valid values range from 8 to 40. loopback mode=value Specifies a loopback mode used for testing. Valid values are the following:

off: loopback is turned off. This is the normal operation input-data: the Transmit Data input in pins 2 and 14 is looped back out as receive data

(pins 3, 16). base-unit: The transmit data is looped back internally in the indoor unit, after the spreading operation. The data is output as the receive data (pins 3 and 16). output-data: The receive data output in pins 3, 16 is looped back as input transmit data. The data driven by the DTE into pins 2 and 14 is ignored. 6.4 Console Redirection Commands In an operating radio link, it is possible to monitor and configure the remote radio from the other end of the link. The command prompt indicates which radio the commands will be directed to

(local> or remote>). The commands local and remote can be used to change that status:

remote This command can be issued when the current prompt reads local>. If there is a link established with the remote radio the prompt will change to remote> and any subsequent commands will be directed to the remote radio. If there is no link established to the remote radio, the command will timeout and the local> prompt reappears. local This command can be issued when the current prompt reads remote>. The prompt will change to local>, and any subsequent commands will be interpreted by the local radio. When changing radio operating parameters that break the link, you must always apply the changes to the remote radio first. For example, changing the link to another channel, can be performed with the following sequence:

local> remote LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual 18 remote> open remote> rf-both channel=30 remote> apply

(opens the current configuration)

(The apply command above breaks the link. The local radio will now timeout and revert to the local mode). local> open local> rf-both channel=30 local> apply The link is now reestablished on channel 30. Note that the three commands issued to the local radio are identical to the ones issued to the remote. Those commands can be accessed through the up-arrow key as an alternative to retyping them. 6.5 Radio Test and Monitoring Commands rssi channel=number This command monitors and reports, twice a second, the Received Signal Strength on the specified channel. If the channel is not specified, it defaults to the current receive channel. Press any key to revert back to normal operation. While monitoring the RSSI, the RF link to the remote radio is not maintained. In order to monitor the RSSI on the current channel, without breaking the link, use the command monitor-link monitor-link This command reports, twice a second, the current transmit power and receive signal strength for each of the Outbound and Inbound links. spectrum-analysis display=graph or table test-oscillator=0 or 1 (off or on) dwell-time=0..1000 This command performs a scan of all the channels in the band, dwelling on each channel for the specified amount of time (defaults to 20 milliseconds). While on each channel it measures the RSSI for that channel and stores its peak valuel. It then displays the data collected in a graphical or table formats (defaults to graph). The Outdoor Unit contains a test oscillator that may be turned on during this test. Running the spectrum analysis with the test oscillator on is useful to check the health of the local radio. LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual 19 ber-test This command performs two functions:

1. The data from the DTE being input at the data port is replaced with a 511 Bit Error Rate pattern which is transmitted over RF. 2. The data being received over RF and output to the DTE through the data port is checked to match the 511 Bit Error Rate pattern. The radio outputs a line, twice a second, with the results of this check. In order to test a two way link using this command, you must first set the remote radio in loopback mode by performing the following steps:

local> remote remote> open remote> loopback output-data remote> apply remote> local local> ber-test At the end of the test, remember to turn off the loopback mode in the remote radio. 6.6 Miscellaneous commands version Displays the radio model and software version. history Displays the previous commands entered through the console port. help [command-name]

If no command is specified, displays the complete list of commands. If a command is specified it displays the valid parameter and corresponding values for that specific command. LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual 20 Channel Frequency Correspondence Frequency Frequency Frequency Channel 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

(KHz) 2,407,780 2,409,316 2,410,852 2,412,388 2,413,924 2,415,460 2,416,996 2,418,532 2,420,068 2,421,604 2,423,140 2,424,676 2,426,212 2,427,748 2,429,284 2,430,820 Channel 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

(KHz) 2,432,356 2,433,892 2,435,428 2,436,964 2,438,500 2,440,036 2,441,572 2,443,108 2,444,644 2,446,180 2,447,716 2,449,252 2,450,788 2,452,324 2,453,860 2,455,396 Channel 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

(KHz) 2,456,932 2,458,468 2,460,004 2,461,540 2,463,076 2,464,612 2,466,148 2,467,684 2,469,220 2,470,756 2,472,292 2,473,828 2,475,364 2,476,900 Number of Non-Overlapping Suggested Channel Allocation Frequency Separation Channels 3 4 5 6 5, 27, 49 5, 20, 35, 50 5, 16, 27, 38, 49 5, 14, 23, 32, 41, 50 33,792 23,040 16, 896 13,824

UUU U TILI O SPREAD SPECTRUM COMMUNICATIONS LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual PRELIMINARY 18 October 1999 LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual ii FCC Notice This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide rea-

sonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equip-

ment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio com-

munications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particu-

lar installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver. Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. Changes or modifications not expressly approved in writing by Utilicom Inc. may void the users authority to operate this equipment. Utilicom can not accept any financial or other responsibilities that may be the result of your use of this information, including direct, indi-

rect, special, or consequential damages. There are no warranties extended or granted by this document. Refer to separate warranty documents for product warranty coverage and specifics. LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual iii TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 2 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................. 1 SPECIFICATIONS............................................................................................................................... 2 3 INDOOR UNIT..................................................................................................................................... 3 FRONT PANEL.................................................................................................................................. 3 REAR PANEL.................................................................................................................................... 4 4 OUTDOOR UNIT................................................................................................................................. 6 3.1 3.2 5 6 INITIAL INSTALLATION ................................................................................................................. 7 COMMANDS........................................................................................................................................ 8 COMMAND SYNTAX ......................................................................................................................... 9 6.1 RADIO CONFIGURATIONS............................................................................................................... 10 6.2 EDIT CONFIGURATION COMMANDS ................................................................................................ 11 6.3 CONSOLE REDIRECTION COMMANDS............................................................................................. 15 6.4 6.5 RADIO TEST AND MONITORING COMMANDS ................................................................................. 16 6.6 MISCELLANEOUS COMMANDS........................................................................................................ 17 1 INTRODUCTION The LongRanger 2050 is a Spread Spectrum radio operating in the Industrial Scientific and Medical (ISM) band from 2.400GHz to 2.4835 GHz. It provide a wireless, synchronous full duplex, point to point communications at a variety of speeds up to 768 Kbps. Spread Spectrum technology allows operation without a license with output power of up to 28 dBm. The LongRanger 2050 architecture separates the radio into two distinct sections: an Indoor Unit that interfaces with the user equipment, and a watertight Outdoor Unit, which is typically mounted in close proximity to the antenna. The two units are connected with a single coaxial cable, carrying the following signals:

1. DC voltage to power up the Outdoor Unit. 2. Reference frequency for the Outdoor Unit frequency synthesizer. 3. Encoded control signals to select the transmit/receive channels, calibration and built in test functions of the outdoor unit. 4. Intermediate Frequency (transmit and receive)) The cable connecting the Indoor and Outdoor unit can be an inexpensive coaxial cable since the Intermediate Frequency in the cable operates at 325 MHz. LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual 2 2 SPECIFICATIONS RF Specifications RF Frequency Band RF Signal Bandwidth RF Channels Transmitter Output Power Modulation Type PN Code rate PN Code Lengths RF Data Rates (one way) Receiver Sensitivity (10-6 BER) Transmit/Receive Turnaround Data Interfaces Command Port Primary Serial Data Port Ethernet Port Echelon LONWORKS Diagnostic Port Power Requirements Input Voltage Power Consumption Operating Temperature Mechanical:

Indoor Unit Dimensions Indoor Unit Weight Up/Down Converter Dimensions Up/Down Converter Weight 2.400GHz to 2.4835 GHz 13.8 MHz Center frequency programmable in 512 KHz steps Up to 28 dBm (programmable) BPSK or QPSK (programmable), direct sequence spread spectrum 9.216 Mchip/sec 11, 15, 31 or 63 (programmable) 146 Kbps to 1676 Kbps (see table below)

-95 dBm (@ 146 Kpbs)

-84 dBm (@ 1676 Kbps)

< 150 us RS-232 (DE9 connector) RS-232/EIA530/V.35 (DB25 connector) 10 BaseT RJ-45 Connector RS-232 (DE9 internal connector)

+9 to +16 Volts DC (External AC adapter available) 15 Watts maximum

-40 to +70 Degrees C 6.8 wide x 2.3 high x 8.3 deep 40 oz. 5.9 diameter x 1.75 high 48 oz. One Way RF Data Rates (Kbps) 11 838 1676 PN Code Length 31 15 614 1229 63 146 297 BPSK QPSK LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual 3 3 INDOOR UNIT 3.1 Front Panel The LongRanger 2050 front panel is shown in the figure below. The front panel includes fifteen Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) described in the following table. LED POWER LINK Color Green Green Front Panel LEDs Function Lights up when the unit power is applied to the power connector Indicates that the RF link and data link to the user Data Terminal Equipment is active and operational. ALARM Red When lit indicates that an alarm condition (link dropped) has occurred. It can be cleared with a console command. RADIO Tx RADIO Rx SERIAL Tx Amber Green Amber Lights up when the radio is transmitting over RF Lights up when the radio is receiving over RF Lights up when data is being output by the radio over the Data port in the radio rear panel SERIAL Rx Green Lights up when data is being received by the radio over the Data port in the radio rear panel ANTENNA A Green Indicates that the radio is currently utilizing the antenna A port in the Outdoor Unit ANTENNA B Green Indicates that the radio is currently utilizing the antenna B port in the Outdoor Unit LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual 4 3.2 Rear Panel The LongRanger 2050 rear panel is shown in the figure below. It includes seven connectors described in the following table Connector Type DATA PORT DB25 Female AUXILIARY PORT DE9 Female Indoor Unit Rear Panel Connectors Function Data port to be connected to the Data Terminal Equipment. This port can be software configured to operate in RS-232, EIA-530 or V.35 modes. The pin assignments are standard Data Communication Equipment (DCE) shown in the following table. The auxiliary port is used to configure and monitor the radio operation. It operates in RS-232 mode and is wired as a standard DCE. This port should be connected to a terminal or a PC running a terminal emulation mode. The baud rate defaults to 9600 baud. Power jack to be connected to the external power supply. POWER ETHERNET SYNC OUTDOOR UNIT GND RJ45 10 Base T Connection to an Ethernet LAN used for network management purposes. BNC TNC Synchronization signal to synchronize the RF transmissions of collocated units. Intermediate Frequency and control signals to the Outdoor Unit. It must be connected through a coaxial cable to the corresponding connector in the Outdoor Unit. Chassis ground to be wired to the Earth ground. LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual 5 The Data Port connector pin assignments, for each of the programmable modes, is sjhown in the following table:

Data Port Connector (DB25) Pin Assignments Pin Assignment Signal Name Protective Ground Transmitted Data Received Data Request to Send Clear to Send Data Set Ready Signal Ground Carrier Detect Abbr. GND TD RD RTS CTS DSR SG CD Synchronous Transmit Clock STC Synchronous Receive Clock SRC Data Terminal Ready DTR Synchronous External Clock RS-232 EIA 530 V.35 Direction 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 15 17 20 24 1 1

(A) 2

(B) 14

(A) 3

(B) 16

(A) 4

(B) 19

(A) 5

(B) 13

(A) 6

(B) 22 7

(A) 8

(B) 10

(A) 15

(B) 12

(A) 17

(B) 9

(A)

(B) 20 23

(A) 24

(B) 11

(A) 2

(B) 14

(A) 3

(B) 16 4 5 6 7 8

(A) 15

(B) 12

(A) 17

(B) 9 DTE to radio radio to DTE DTE to radio radio to DTE radio to DTE radio to DTE radio to DTE radio to DTE 20 DTE to radio

(A) 24

(B) 11 DTE to radio LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual 6 4 OUTDOOR UNIT The Outdoor Unit is a 6 inch diameter round unit with four connectors along its side. The unit is environmentally sealed and it is intended to be mounted in close proximity to the antenna. Figure 2 shows the outline of the outdoor unit and identifies the four connectors. The unit is typically mounted with the TNC connector pointing down as shown in the figure. Connector Antenna A Indoor Unit Type N TNC Outdoor Unit Connectors Use 2.4 GHz RF connection to the primary antenna. When a single antenna is used, antenna A is the default. Intermediate Frequency and control signals. This must be connected to an indoor unit using a coaxial cable Antenna B N 2.4 GHz RF connection to an alternate antenna. Test BNC Test connector to be used as an antenna alignment aid LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual 7 5 INITIAL INSTALLATION The LongRanger 2050 units are shipped pre-configured to operate in synchronous mode at 384 Kbps with internal timing (clocks supplied by the radios). It is recommended to perform the initial check out on the bench before a field installation. For initial check out perform the following steps:

1. Connect the Indoor units Auxiliary Port to a terminal, or a PC running a terminal emulation program. Configure the terminal settings as follows:

Baud rate: 9600 Parity: none Word length: 8 bits 2. Connect each indoor unit Data Port to the appropriate Data Terminal Equipment. 3. Connect each Indoor Unit to the respective Outdoor Unit using a coaxial cable with male TNC connectors at both ends. 4. Connect the Outdoor Units Antenna A port (N type connector) to an appropriate 2.4 GHz band antenna using a coaxial cable. 5. Connect the Indoor Unit power connector to the external power supply. Make sure that the power supply is rated for the appropriate voltage (110 or 220 Vac). 6. Connect the power supplies to the power outlet. 7. After initial power up, the units output the prompt local> to the respective terminals. Set one radio to the default factory-master configuration by typing the following command:

local> apply fm 8. Set the second radio to the default factory-slave configuration by typing the following command:

local> apply fs 9. If there is an RF path between the two units, the RADIO LEDs in both indoor units will light up indicating that they have established an RF link. 10. The terminal at each end can be used to further modify the radios operating parameters and monitor the link performance. The following section describes the command language used to perform those functions. LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual 8 6 COMMANDS The auxiliary port in the back panel (asynchronous RS-232) is used for issuing configuration commands and monitor the radio status and performance. Both the local radio and the remote radio may be configured or monitored. The prompt will read local> or remote> to indicate which unit is being configured. Of course, configuring the remote unit is only possible if an RF link is established. The help command provides a list of all the commands available. To get more detailed help for a specific command, type help command-name. A sample output of the help command, listing all commands, is shown in the figure below:

The radio keeps a history of several of the previously issued commands. Those commands can be viewed by pressing the up-arrow and down-arrow keys on the keyboard. Any of those previously issued commands can then be edited and reentered by pressing the <Carriage Return> key. LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual 9 6.1 Command syntax The command interpreter in the LongRanger 2050 is designed to accommodate both a novice as well as an expert operator. All commands and parameters have descriptive names so that they are easily remembered and their meaning is clear. In order to be descriptive however, those commands are sometimes long. As the operator becomes familiar with the command language, typing the complete words could become cumbersome. The LongRanger command interpreter recognizes any abbreviations to commands and parameter names, as long as they are unambiguous. If an ambiguous command is entered, the radio will output all possible choices. Commands have the following generic form:

command parameter=value parameter=value Following is a brief list of syntax rules:

Words (for commands, parameters, or values) can be abbreviated to a point where they are unambiguous. Some commands or parameters consist of compound words separated by an hyphen. With compound words, the hyphen is optional. Additionally each word in a compound word can be abbreviated separately. For example, the following are all valid abbreviations for the command data-port: data, datap d-p dp. The parameter and value lists are context sensitive, i.e., in order to solve ambiguities the command interpreter only considers parameters valid for current command, or values valid for the current parameter. Arguments (parameter/value pairs) can be listed in any order. Even though parameters can be listed in any order, there is a natural order known by the command interpreter. This allows the user to specify parameter values without having to type the parameter names. For example the command

>copy-configuration source=factory-master dest=current can be entered as (using abbreviation rules as well):

>copy fm cur Using the preceding rule, for commands that have a single argument, the parameter name part of the argument is always optional, i.e., you can enter:

>command value Not all parameters associated with a command need to be specified. Depending on the command, when a parameter is omitted it either assumes a default value or keeps the last value assigned to that parameter. LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual 6.2 Radio Configurations 10 A radio configuration consists of a set of programmable parameters that define the radio operation with regard to a variety of operating modes. The radio holds five configuration sets at all times, identified as current, alternate, working-copy, factory-master, and factory-

slave. The current configuration is the set of parameters currently being used. This configuration can be modified by the operator and is stored in non-volatile memory. On power up the radio reverts to this configuration. The alternate configuration is a second set of configuration parameters also stored in non-

volatile memory. It is useful for trying out different parameters in the current configuration but still keeping a known working configuration intact. The factory-master and factory-slave are preset configurations that can not be modified by the operator. They configure two radios in a compatible mode, one as a master and the other as a slave. They are often useful as a starting point to create a customized configuration. The working-copy configuration is a temporary copy where all the edits are performed. This configuration is not in non-volatile memory. On power up the working-copy configuration is set to the current configuration. In order to modify the radio operating parameters, the desired configuration must first be copied into the working copy area. All the edits are performed on this working copy. When the edit is complete, the working copy can be written to the current or alternate configurations. When this is executed, the software performs a number of consistency checks to verify that the configuration is legal. The commands to manipulate the different configurations are described below copy-configuration source=xxx destination=xxx Copies the configuration specified as the source into the one specified as the destination. Examples:

local> copy-configuration source=factory-master destination=alternate local> copy fm alt swap-configuration source=xxx destination=xxx Swaps the configurations specified as the source and the destination. Example:

local> swap current alternate local> sw c a LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual 11 open-configuration source=xxx Copies the specified configuration into the working-copy so that it can be edited. If the source parameter is not specified it defaults to current Example:

local> open alternate save-configuration destination=xxx Copies the working-copy parameters into the specified configuration Example:

local> save alternate apply-configuration source=xxx Copies the specified configuration into the current configuration. If the parameter is not specified it defaults to the working-copy Example:

local> apply fm display-configuration source=xxx Displays all the parameters of the specified configuration Example:

local> display fac-slave local> dis fs 6.3 Edit configuration commands This set of commands modifies the parameters in the working copy configuration set. For this set of commands, when a parameter is omitted, it keeps the last value assigned to that parameter. data-port speed=value Sets the data rate of the synchronous data port in bits per second. Valid values are: 64000, 128000, 192000, 256000, 384000, 512000, 768000. physical-interface=rs-232 or eia-530 or v.35 Sets the electrical interface of the DB25 data port. The possible values are: rs-232, eia-530 or v.35 clock-source=value LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual 12 Specifies the clock source to be used to clock in the transmit data line (pins 2,14), and to clock out the receive data line (pins 3, 16). It can be specified as one of four values:

internal: The transmit and receive clocks are generated by the local radio. The transmit clock is output on pins 15 and 12, and the receive clock on pins 17 and 9. external: The transmit and receive clocks are supplied by the DTE on pins 24 and 11. The radio drives the transmit and receive clock lines (pins 15,12 and 17,9), with a clock signal locked to the externally supplied clock. remote: The transmit and receive clocks are locked to the clock in the remote radio. The transmit clock is output on pins 15 and 12, and the receive clock on pins 17 and 9. hybrid: The transmit clock is supplied by the DTE on pins 24 and 11. The receive clock is locked to the transmit clock of the remote radio. In a typical link, one radio will have the clock source set to remote and the other radio to either internal or external. This guarantees that there is a single clock source providing the timing reference for the links in both directions, therefore avoiding clock slippage. transmit-clock-polarity=non-invert or invert Allows to invert the polarity of the transmit clock being output on pins 15 and 12. receive-clock-polarity=non-invert or invert Allows to invert the polarity of the receive clock being output on pins 17 and 9. auxiliary-port speed=valuer Sets the data rate of the asynchronous auxiliary port in bits per second. Valid values are all the common baud rates from 300 to 115200. data-bits=7 or 8 Sets the number of data bits per character. Valid values are 7 or 8. parity= none, even or odd Sets the parity mode in the auxiliary port to none, even or odd. stop-bits=1 or 2 Sets the number of stop bits to 1 or 2. rf-receive channel=number LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual 13 Sets the radio frequency channel for RF receive. The valid channel numbers range from 5 to 50. Channel 5 corresponds to 2407.78 MHz and channel 50 to 2476.90 MHz. Channels are spaced 1536 KHz apar (see table below). pn-code=number Selects one of the pre-programmed pseudo-noise spreading codes from 1 to 6. The number of different spreading codes available depends on the spreading code length specified with the rf-speed command as follows:

PN code length Number of codes 63 6 31 6 15 2 11 1 antenna=a or b Selects the antenna port in the Outdoor Unit to be used during RF receive. address=number Specifies the radio local address for the RF link. Its value can range from 0 to 65536. The address value can be entered in hexadecimal format by preceding it with 0x. If the address is specified as all ones (0xFFFF), the radio will accept all RF packets irrespective of the packet address. rf-transmit channel=number Sets the radio frequency channel for RF receive. The valid channel numbers range from 5 to 50. Channel 5 corresponds to 2407.78 MHz and channel 50 to 2476.90 MHz. Channels are spaced 1536 KHz apar (see table below). pn-code=number Selects one of the pre-programmed pseudo-noise spreading codes from 1 to 6. The number of different spreading codes available depends on the spreading code length specified with the rf-speed command as follows:

PN code length Number of codes 63 6 31 6 15 2 11 1 antenna=a or b Selects the antenna port in the Outdoor Unit to be used during RF transmissions address=number LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual 14 Specifies the destination address inserted in each packet. Its value can range from 0 to 65536. The address value can be entered in hexadecimal format by preceding it with 0x. The address value of all ones (0xFFFF) is interpreted as a broadcast address and will be accepted by all radios. power=number Specifies the transmit output power in dBm. The number entered can range from 0 to 28 dBm in steps of two (if an odd value is specified, it will be accepted but the power level will be 1 dB less than specified). rf-both This command allows to modify the parameters that are common to the RF transmit and receive with a single command. The valid parameters are: channel, pn-code, antenna, and address. Refer to the previous two commands for a description of each parameter. rf-speed There is normally no need for the user to change the rf-speed parameters. As long as the automatic rf-speed mode is turned ON, the radio will adjust the spreading code length and the modulation values to provide adequate RF bandwidth for the desired user data rate. pn-length=number Specifies the spreading code length to be used in the spreading process. The valid numbers are 11, 15, 31 or 63. modulation=bpsk or qpsk Specifies the modulation type to be used in the RF process. The combination of the PN code length and the modulation type result in specific data rates over RF. secondary-speed=value Reserves the specified data rate for the secondary data transmitted over RF. The secondary data is used to monitor and configure the remote unit. The default value of 1200 bits per second is adequate for that purpose. automatic=1 or 0 (on or off) When turned on, the RF speed parameters (pn code length and modulation) are automatically adjusted by the radio to provide enough RF throughput for the full duplex data rate specified for the data port. LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual 15 tdd synchronization=master or slave For a radio link to work in Time Division Duplex, one radio needs to be configured as a master and the other radio as a slave. The slave radio synchronizes its RF transmissions to the timing of the master radio. cycle-time=value Specifies the length of the time division duplex cycle in milliseconds. A cycle consists of a transmission of a packet followed by a reception. The end to end delay of the synchronous data is approximately of the cycle time. Valid values range from 8 to 40. loopback mode=value Specifies a loopback mode used for testing. Valid values are the following:

off: loopback is turned off. This is the normal operation input-data: the Transmit Data input in pins 2 and 14 is looped back out as receive data

(pins 3, 16). base-unit: The transmit data is looped back internally in the indoor unit, after the spreading operation. The data is output as the receive data (pins 3 and 16). output-data: The receive data output in pins 3, 16 is looped back as input transmit data. The data driven by the DTE into pins 2 and 14 is ignored. 6.4 Console Redirection Commands In an operating radio link, it is possible to monitor and configure the remote radio from the other end of the link. The command prompt indicates which radio the commands will be directed to

(local> or remote>). The commands local and remote can be used to change that status:

remote This command can be issued when the current prompt reads local>. If there is a link established with the remote radio the prompt will change to remote> and any subsequent commands will be directed to the remote radio. If there is no link established to the remote radio, the command will timeout and the local> prompt reappears. local This command can be issued when the current prompt reads remote>. The prompt will change to local>, and any subsequent commands will be interpreted by the local radio. LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual 16 When changing radio operating parameters that break the link, you must always apply the changes to the remote radio first. For example, changing the link to another channel, can be performed with the following sequence:

local> remote remote> open remote> rf-both channel=30 remote> apply

(opens the current configuration)

(The apply command above breaks the link. The local radio will now timeout and revert to the local mode). local> open local> rf-both channel=30 local> apply The link is now reestablished on channel 30. Note that the three commands issued to the local radio are identical to the ones issued to the remote. Those commands can be accessed through the up-arrow key as an alternative to retyping them. 6.5 Radio Test and Monitoring Commands rssi channel=number This command monitors and reports, twice a second, the Received Signal Strength on the specified channel. If the channel is not specified, it defaults to the current receive channel. Press any key to revert back to normal operation. While monitoring the RSSI, the RF link to the remote radio is not maintained. In order to monitor the RSSI on the current channel, without breaking the link, use the command monitor-link monitor-link This command reports, twice a second, the current transmit power and receive signal strength for each of the Outbound and Inbound links. spectrum-analysis display=graph or table test-oscillator=0 or 1 (off or on) dwell-time=0..1000 This command performs a scan of all the channels in the band, dwelling on each channel for the specified amount of time (defaults to 20 milliseconds). While on each channel it LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual 17 measures the RSSI for that channel and stores its peak valuel. It then displays the data collected in a graphical or table formats (defaults to graph). The Outdoor Unit contains a test oscillator that may be turned on during this test. Running the spectrum analysis with the test oscillator on is useful to check the health of the local radio. ber-test This command performs two functions:

1. The data from the DTE being input at the data port is replaced with a 511 Bit Error Rate pattern which is transmitted over RF. 2. The data being received over RF and output to the DTE through the data port is checked to match the 511 Bit Error Rate pattern. The radio outputs a line, twice a second, with the results of this check. In order to test a two way link using this command, you must first set the remote radio in loopback mode by performing the following steps:

local> remote remote> open remote> loopback output-data remote> apply remote> local local> ber-test At the end of the test, remember to turn off the loopback mode in the remote radio. 6.6 Miscellaneous commands version Displays the radio model and software version. history Displays the previous commands entered through the console port. help [command-name]

If no command is specified, displays the complete list of commands. If a command is specified it displays the valid parameter and corresponding values for that specific command. LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual 18 Channel Frequency Correspondence Frequency Channel 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Frequency

(KHz) 2,407,780 2,409,316 2,410,852 2,412,388 2,413,924 2,415,460 2,416,996 2,418,532 2,420,068 2,421,604 2,423,140 2,424,676 2,426,212 2,427,748 2,429,284 2,430,820 Channel 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

(KHz) 2,432,356 2,433,892 2,435,428 2,436,964 2,438,500 2,440,036 2,441,572 2,443,108 2,444,644 2,446,180 2,447,716 2,449,252 2,450,788 2,452,324 2,453,860 2,455,396 Channel 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 Frequency

(KHz) 2,456,932 2,458,468 2,460,004 2,461,540 2,463,076 2,464,612 2,466,148 2,467,684 2,469,220 2,470,756 2,472,292 2,473,828 2,475,364 2,476,900 Non-Overlapping Suggested Channel Allocation Frequency Separation Number of Channels 3 4 5 6 5, 27, 49 5, 20, 35, 50 5, 16, 27, 38, 49 5, 14, 23, 32, 41, 50 33,792 23,040 16, 896 13,824

LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual PRELIMINARY 20 January 2000 LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual ii FCC Notice This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide rea-

sonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equip-

ment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio com-

munications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particu-

lar installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver. Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. Changes or modifications not expressly approved in writing by UC Wireless Inc. may void the users authority to operate this equipment. UC Wireless can not accept any financial or other responsibilities that may be the result of your use of this information, including direct, indirect, special, or consequential damages. There are no warranties extended or granted by this document. Refer to separate warranty documents for product warranty coverage and specifics. LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual iii TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 2 3 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................1 SPECIFICATIONS ................................................................................................................................2 INDOOR UNIT.......................................................................................................................................3 3.1 3.2 FRONT PANEL................................................................................................................................3 REAR PANEL..................................................................................................................................4 4 OUTDOOR UNIT...................................................................................................................................6 5 INSTALLATION....................................................................................................................................7 5.1 5.2 5.3 BENCH CHECK OUT.......................................................................................................................7 FIELD INSTALLATION ....................................................................................................................7 ANTENNA INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS: FCC RF EXPOSURE LIMITS.......................................9 6 COMMANDS........................................................................................................................................10 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 COMMAND SYNTAX.....................................................................................................................10 RADIO CONFIGURATIONS............................................................................................................11 EDIT CONFIGURATION COMMANDS..............................................................................................13 CONSOLE REDIRECTION COMMANDS..........................................................................................17 RADIO TEST AND MONITORING COMMANDS...............................................................................18 MISCELLANEOUS COMMANDS .....................................................................................................19 1 INTRODUCTION The LongRanger 2050 is a Spread Spectrum radio operating in the Industrial Scientific and Medical (ISM) band from 2.400GHz to 2.4835 GHz. It provide a wireless, synchronous full duplex, point to point communications at a variety of speeds up to 768 Kbps. Spread Spectrum technology allows operation without a license with output power of up to 28 dBm. The LongRanger 2050 architecture separates the radio into two distinct sections: an Indoor Unit that interfaces with the user equipment, and a watertight Outdoor Unit, which is typically mounted in close proximity to the antenna. The two units are connected with a single coaxial cable, carrying the following signals:

1. DC voltage to power up the Outdoor Unit. 2. Reference frequency for the Outdoor Unit frequency synthesizer. 3. Encoded control signals to select the transmit/receive channels, calibration and built in test functions of the outdoor unit. 4. Intermediate Frequency (transmit and receive)) The cable connecting the Indoor and Outdoor unit can be an inexpensive coaxial cable since the Intermediate Frequency in the cable operates at 325 MHz. LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual 2 2 SPECIFICATIONS RF Specifications RF Frequency Band RF Signal Bandwidth RF Channels 2.400GHz to 2.4835 GHz 13.8 MHz Center frequency programmable in 512 KHz steps Transmitter Output Power Up to 28 dBm (programmable) Modulation Type PN Code rate PN Code Lengths RF Data Rates (one way) Receiver Sensitivity (10-6 BER) BPSK or QPSK (programmable), direct sequence spread spectrum 9.216 Mchip/sec 11, 15, 31 or 63 (programmable) 146 Kbps to 1676 Kbps (see table below)

-95 dBm (@ 146 Kpbs)

-84 dBm (@ 1676 Kbps) Transmit/Receive Turnaround

< 150 us Data Interfaces Command Port RS-232 (DE9 connector) Primary Serial Data Port RS-232/EIA530/V.35 (DB25 connector) Ethernet Port 10 BaseT Echelon LONWORKS RJ-45 Connector Diagnostic Port RS-232 (DE9 internal connector) Power Requirements Input Voltage

+9 to +16 Volts DC (External AC adapter available) Power Consumption 15 Watts maximum Operating Temperature

-40 to +70 Degrees C Mechanical:

Indoor Unit Dimensions 6.8 wide x 2.3 high x 8.3 deep Indoor Unit Weight 40 oz. Up/Down Converter Dimensions 5.9 diameter x 1.75 high Up/Down Converter Weight 48 oz. One Way RF Data Rates (Kbps) 11 838 1676 PN Code Length 31 15 614 1229 63 297 146 BPSK QPSK LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual 3 3 INDOOR UNIT 3.1 Front Panel The LongRanger 2050 front panel is shown in the figure below. The front panel includes fifteen Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) described in the following table. LED Color POWER LINK Green Green Front Panel LEDs Function Lights up when the unit power is applied to the power connector Indicates that the RF link and data link to the user Data Terminal Equipment is active and operational. ALARM Red When lit indicates that an alarm condition (link dropped) has occurred. It can be cleared with a console command. RADIO Tx Amber Lights up when the radio is transmitting over RF RADIO Rx Green Lights up when the radio is receiving over RF SERIAL Tx Amber Lights up when data is being output by the radio over the Data port in the radio rear panel SERIAL Rx Green Lights up when data is being received by the radio over the Data port in the radio rear panel ANTENNA A Green Indicates that the radio is currently utilizing the antenna A port in the Outdoor Unit ANTENNA B Green Indicates that the radio is currently utilizing the antenna B port in the Outdoor Unit LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual 4 3.2 Rear Panel The LongRanger 2050 rear panel is shown in the figure below. It includes seven connectors described in the following table Connector Type DATA PORT DB25 Female AUXILIARY PORT DE9 Female Indoor Unit Rear Panel Connectors Function Data port to be connected to the Data Terminal Equipment. This port can be software configured to operate in RS-232, EIA-530 or V.35 modes. The pin assignments are standard Data Communication Equipment (DCE) shown in the following table. The auxiliary port is used to configure and monitor the radio operation. It operates in RS-232 mode and is wired as a standard DCE. This port should be connected to a terminal or a PC running a terminal emulation mode. The baud rate defaults to 9600 baud. Power jack to be connected to the external power supply. POWER ETHERNET SYNC OUTDOOR UNIT RJ45 10 Base T Connection to an Ethernet LAN used for network management purposes. BNC TNC Synchronization signal to synchronize the RF transmissions of collocated units. Intermediate Frequency and control signals to the Outdoor Unit. It must be connected through a coaxial cable to the corresponding connector in the Outdoor Unit. GND Chassis ground to be wired to the Earth ground. LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual 5 The Data Port connector pin assignments, for each of the programmable modes, is sjhown in the following table:

Data Port Connector (DB25) Pin Assignments Pin Assignment Signal Name Protective Ground Transmitted Data Received Data Request to Send Clear to Send Data Set Ready Signal Ground Carrier Detect Abbr. GND TD RD RTS CTS DSR SG CD Synchronous Transmit Clock STC Synchronous Receive Clock SRC Data Terminal Ready DTR Synchronous External Clock RS-232 EIA 530 V.35 Direction 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 15 17 20 24 1 1 2

(A)

(B) 14 2

(A)

(B) 14 DTE to radio 3

(A)

(B) 16 3

(A)

(B) 16 radio to DTE 4

(A)

(B) 19 5

(A)

(B) 13

(A) 6

(B) 22 7 8

(A)

(B) 10 4 5 6 7 8 DTE to radio radio to DTE radio to DTE radio to DTE

(A) 15

(B) 12

(A) 15

(B) 12 radio to DTE

(A) 17

(B) 9 17

(A)

(B) 9 radio to DTE

(A)

(B) 20 23 20 DTE to radio

(A) 24

(B) 11

(A) 24

(B) 11 DTE to radio LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual 6 4 OUTDOOR UNIT The Outdoor Unit is a 6 inch diameter round unit with four connectors along its side. The unit is environmentally sealed and it is intended to be mounted in close proximity to the antenna. Figure 2 shows the outline of the outdoor unit and identifies the four connectors. The unit is typically mounted with the TNC connector pointing down as shown in the figure. Connector Type Antenna A N Outdoor Unit Connectors Use 2.4 GHz RF connection to the primary antenna. When a single antenna is used, antenna A is the default. Indoor Unit TNC Intermediate Frequency and control signals. This must be connected to an indoor unit using a coaxial cable Antenna B N 2.4 GHz RF connection to an alternate antenna. Test BNC Test connector to be used as an antenna alignment aid LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual 7 5 INSTALLATION The LongRanger 2050 units are shipped pre-configured to operate in synchronous mode at 768 Kbps with internal timing (clocks supplied by the radios). It is recommended to perform an initial check on the bench before a field installation. 5.1 Bench Check Out For initial check-out perform the following steps:

1. Connect the Indoor units Auxiliary Port to a terminal, or a PC running a terminal emulation program. Configure the terminal settings as follows:

Baud rate: 9600 Parity: none Word length: 8 bits 2. Connect each indoor unit Data Port to the appropriate Data Terminal Equipment. 3. Connect each Indoor Unit to the respective Outdoor Unit using a coaxial cable with male TNC connectors at both ends. 4. Connect the Outdoor Units Antenna A port (N type connector) to an appropriate 2.4 GHz band antenna using a coaxial cable. 5. Connect the Indoor Unit power connector to the external power supply. Make sure that the power supply is rated for the appropriate voltage (110 or 220 Vac). 6. Connect the power supplies to the power outlet. 7. After initial power up, the units output the prompt local> to the respective terminals. Set one radio to the default factory-master configuration by typing the following command:

local> apply fm 8. Set the second radio to the default factory-slave configuration by typing the following command:

local> apply fs 9. If there is an RF path between the two units, the RADIO LEDs in both indoor units will light up indicating that they have established an RF link. 10. The terminal at each end can be used to further modify the radios operating parameters and monitor the link performance. The following section describes the command language used to perform those functions. 5.2 Field Installation Antenna Selection and Orientation The Outdoor Unit is typically attached to a post (with the clamp provided) with the connectors facing down. For optimum performance the Outdoor Unit must be mounted in close proximity to LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual 8 the antenna with a cable run typically under 2 meters (6feet). For the LongRanger 2050 UC Wireless provides three antenna types listed below Antenna Type Omnidirectional Yagi Dish Reflector Gain 8 dBi 15 dBi 24 dBi Manufacturer Model Number Mobilmark OD9-2400-24 Cushcraft California Amp. PC2415 130094 Antennas at each end of the link must be mounted similarly in terms of polarity, and directional antennas must be carefully oriented towards each other. The choice of polarization horizontal vs. vertical is in many cases arbitrary. However, many potentially interfering signals are polarized vertically and an excellent means of reducing their effect is to mount the system antennas for horizontal polarization. Of the antennas available from UC Wireless, the two directional antennas can be mounted for horizontal or vertical polarization, while the omnidirectional antenna can only be mounted for vertical polarization. Output Power FCC regulations limit the maximum Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) for spread spectrum systems operating in the 2.4 GHz band. For point to multipoint applications the EIRP must not exceed 36 dBm. For point to point applications the maximum EIRP depends on the antenna gain, as follows:

Antenna Gain (dBi) Maximum EIRP (dBm) Output Power (dBm) 6 36 30 9 38 29 12 40 28 15 42 27 18 44 26 21 46 25 24 48 24 For the three recommended antennas listed above, the LongRanger 2050 output power must be set to no more than the value shown in the table below. Refer to section 6 for the command required to set the output power. Point-to-Multipoint 8 dBi Omni 15 dBi Yaggi 24 dBi Dish 28 dBm 21 dBm 12 dBm LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual 9 Point to Point Power Input Limits Channel 50 49 48 47 46 45 all other chs. Fo, MHz 2476.900 2475.364 2473.828 2472.292 2470.756 2469.220

<2467.684 8dBi Ant. 15 dBi Ant. 24 dBi Ant 25 26 28 28 28 28 28 19 20 24 27 27 27 27 10 11 16 19 23 24 24 5.3 Antenna Installation Instructions: FCC RF Exposure Limits Antennas used for these transmitters shall be professionally installed on permanent structures for outdoor operations. The installer is responsible for ensuring that the systems using high gain directional antennas are used exclusively for fixed, point-to-point operations. The installer shall mount all transmit antennas so as to comply with the limits for human exposure to radio frequency (RF) fields per paragraph 1.1307 of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Regulations . The FCC requirements incorporate limits for Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) in terms of electric field strength, magnetic field strength, and power density. Antenna installations shall be engineered so that MPE is limited to 1 mW/cm2 , the more stringent limit for "uncontrolled environments". Table 2 below specifies the minimum distance that must be maintained between the antenna and any areas where persons may have access, including rooftop walkways, sidewalks, as well as through windows and other RF-transparent areas behind which persons may be located. Table 2 Antenna Radiation Hazard Exposure, mW/cm2:

1.00 Max RF Power TX Antenna P, dBm G, dBi MPE Safe Distance, cm 24.0 27.0 28.0 24.0 15.0 8.0 Basis of Calculations:

70.9 35.5 20*

E^2/3770 = S, mW/cm2 E, V/m = (Pwatts*Ggain*30)^.5/d, meters d = ((Pwatts*G*30)/3770*S))^0.5 Pwatts*Ggain = 10^(PdBm-30+GdBi)/10)

*NOTE: For mobile or fixed location transmitters, minimum separation distance is 20 cm, even if calculations indicate MPE distance is less LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual 10 6 COMMANDS The auxiliary port in the back panel (asynchronous RS-232) is used for issuing configuration commands and monitor the radio status and performance. Both the local radio and the remote radio may be configured or monitored. The prompt will read local> or remote> to indicate which unit is being configured. Of course, configuring the remote unit is only possible if an RF link is established. The help command provides a list of all the commands available. To get more detailed help for a specific command, type help command-name. A sample output of the help command, listing all commands, is shown in the figure below:

The radio keeps a history of several of the previously issued commands. Those commands can be viewed by pressing the up-arrow and down-arrow keys on the keyboard. Any of those previously issued commands can then be edited and reentered by pressing the <Carriage Return> key. 6.1 Command syntax The command interpreter in the LongRanger 2050 is designed to accommodate both a novice as well as an expert operator. All commands and parameters have descriptive names so that they are easily remembered and their meaning is clear. In order to be descriptive however, those LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual 11 commands are sometimes long. As the operator becomes familiar with the command language, typing the complete words could become cumbersome. The LongRanger command interpreter recognizes any abbreviations to commands and parameter names, as long as they are unambiguous. If an ambiguous command is entered, the radio will output all possible choices. Commands have the following generic form:

command parameter=value parameter=value Following is a brief list of syntax rules:

Words (for commands, parameters, or values) can be abbreviated to a point where they are unambiguous. Some commands or parameters consist of compound words separated by an hyphen. With compound words, the hyphen is optional. Additionally each word in a compound word can be abbreviated separately. For example, the following are all valid abbreviations for the command data-port: data, datap d-p dp. The parameter and value lists are context sensitive, i.e., in order to solve ambiguities the command interpreter only considers parameters valid for current command, or values valid for the current parameter. Arguments (parameter/value pairs) can be listed in any order. Even though parameters can be listed in any order, there is a natural order known by the command interpreter. This allows the user to specify parameter values without having to type the parameter names. For example the command

>copy-configuration source=factory-master dest=current can be entered as (using abbreviation rules as well):

>copy fm cur Using the preceding rule, for commands that have a single argument, the parameter name part of the argument is always optional, i.e., you can enter:

>command value Not all parameters associated with a command need to be specified. Depending on the command, when a parameter is omitted it either assumes a default value or keeps the last value assigned to that parameter. 6.2 Radio Configurations A radio configuration consists of a set of programmable parameters that define the radio operation with regard to a variety of operating modes. The radio holds five configuration sets at all times, identified as current, alternate, working-copy, factory-master, and factory-

slave. LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual 12 The current configuration is the set of parameters currently being used. This configuration can be modified by the operator and is stored in non-volatile memory. On power up the radio reverts to this configuration. The alternate configuration is a second set of configuration parameters also stored in non-

volatile memory. It is useful for trying out different parameters in the current configuration but still keeping a known working configuration intact. The factory-master and factory-slave are preset configurations that can not be modified by the operator. They configure two radios in a compatible mode, one as a master and the other as a slave. They are often useful as a starting point to create a customized configuration. The working-copy configuration is a temporary copy where all the edits are performed. This configuration is not in non-volatile memory. On power up the working-copy configuration is set to the current configuration. In order to modify the radio operating parameters, the desired configuration must first be copied into the working copy area. All the edits are performed on this working copy. When the edit is complete, the working copy can be written to the current or alternate configurations. When this is executed, the software performs a number of consistency checks to verify that the configuration is legal. The commands to manipulate the different configurations are described below copy-configuration source=xxx destination=xxx Copies the configuration specified as the source into the one specified as the destination. Examples:

local> copy-configuration source=factory-master destination=alternate local> copy fm alt swap-configuration source=xxx destination=xxx Swaps the configurations specified as the source and the destination. Example:

local> swap current alternate local> sw c a open-configuration source=xxx Copies the specified configuration into the working-copy so that it can be edited. If the source parameter is not specified it defaults to current Example:

local> open alternate LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual 13 save-configuration destination=xxx Copies the working-copy parameters into the specified configuration Example:

local> save alternate apply-configuration source=xxx Copies the specified configuration into the current configuration. If the parameter is not specified it defaults to the working-copy Example:

local> apply fm display-configuration source=xxx Displays all the parameters of the specified configuration Example:

local> display fac-slave local> dis fs 6.3 Edit configuration commands This set of commands modifies the parameters in the working copy configuration set. For this set of commands, when a parameter is omitted, it keeps the last value assigned to that parameter. data-port speed=value Sets the data rate of the synchronous data port in bits per second. Valid values are: 64000, 128000, 192000, 256000, 384000, 512000, 768000. physical-interface=rs-232 or eia-530 or v.35 Sets the electrical interface of the DB25 data port. The possible values are: rs-232, eia-530 or v.35 clock-source=value Specifies the clock source to be used to clock in the transmit data line (pins 2,14), and to clock out the receive data line (pins 3, 16). It can be specified as one of four values:

internal: The transmit and receive clocks are generated by the local radio. The transmit clock is output on pins 15 and 12, and the receive clock on pins 17 and 9. external: The transmit and receive clocks are supplied by the DTE on pins 24 and 11. The radio drives the transmit and receive clock lines (pins 15,12 and 17,9), with a clock signal locked to the externally supplied clock. LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual 14 remote: The transmit and receive clocks are locked to the clock in the remote radio. The transmit clock is output on pins 15 and 12, and the receive clock on pins 17 and 9. hybrid: The transmit clock is supplied by the DTE on pins 24 and 11. The receive clock is locked to the transmit clock of the remote radio. In a typical link, one radio will have the clock source set to remote and the other radio to either internal or external. This guarantees that there is a single clock source providing the timing reference for the links in both directions, therefore avoiding clock slippage. transmit-clock-polarity=non-invert or invert Allows to invert the polarity of the transmit clock being output on pins 15 and 12. receive-clock-polarity=non-invert or invert Allows to invert the polarity of the receive clock being output on pins 17 and 9. auxiliary-port speed=valuer Sets the data rate of the asynchronous auxiliary port in bits per second. Valid values are all the common baud rates from 300 to 115200. data-bits=7 or 8 Sets the number of data bits per character. Valid values are 7 or 8. parity= none, even or odd Sets the parity mode in the auxiliary port to none, even or odd. stop-bits=1 or 2 Sets the number of stop bits to 1 or 2. rf-receive channel=number Sets the radio frequency channel for RF receive. The valid channel numbers range from 5 to 50. Channel 5 corresponds to 2407.78 MHz and channel 50 to 2476.90 MHz. Channels are spaced 1536 KHz apar (see table below). pn-code=number Selects one of the pre-programmed pseudo-noise spreading codes from 1 to 6. The number of different spreading codes available depends on the spreading code length specified with the rf-speed command as follows:

LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual 15 PN code length Number of codes 63 6 31 6 15 2 11 1 antenna=a or b Selects the antenna port in the Outdoor Unit to be used during RF receive. address=number Specifies the radio local address for the RF link. Its value can range from 0 to 65536. The address value can be entered in hexadecimal format by preceding it with 0x. If the address is specified as all ones (0xFFFF), the radio will accept all RF packets irrespective of the packet address. rf-transmit channel=number Sets the radio frequency channel for RF receive. The valid channel numbers range from 5 to 50. Channel 5 corresponds to 2407.78 MHz and channel 50 to 2476.90 MHz. Channels are spaced 1536 KHz apar (see table below). pn-code=number Selects one of the pre-programmed pseudo-noise spreading codes from 1 to 6. The number of different spreading codes available depends on the spreading code length specified with the rf-speed command as follows:

PN code length Number of codes 63 6 31 6 15 2 11 1 antenna=a or b Selects the antenna port in the Outdoor Unit to be used during RF transmissions address=number Specifies the destination address inserted in each packet. Its value can range from 0 to 65536. The address value can be entered in hexadecimal format by preceding it with 0x. The address value of all ones (0xFFFF) is interpreted as a broadcast address and will be accepted by all radios. LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual 16 power=number Specifies the transmit output power in dBm. The number entered can range from 0 to 28 dBm in steps of two (if an odd value is specified, it will be accepted but the power level will be 1 dB less than specified). rf-both This command allows to modify the parameters that are common to the RF transmit and receive with a single command. The valid parameters are: channel, pn-code, antenna, and address. Refer to the previous two commands for a description of each parameter. rf-speed There is normally no need for the user to change the rf-speed parameters. As long as the automatic rf-speed mode is turned ON, the radio will adjust the spreading code length and the modulation values to provide adequate RF bandwidth for the desired user data rate. pn-length=number Specifies the spreading code length to be used in the spreading process. The valid numbers are 11, 15, 31 or 63. modulation=bpsk or qpsk Specifies the modulation type to be used in the RF process. The combination of the PN code length and the modulation type result in specific data rates over RF. secondary-speed=value Reserves the specified data rate for the secondary data transmitted over RF. The secondary data is used to monitor and configure the remote unit. The default value of 1200 bits per second is adequate for that purpose. automatic=1 or 0 (on or off) When turned on, the RF speed parameters (pn code length and modulation) are automatically adjusted by the radio to provide enough RF throughput for the full duplex data rate specified for the data port. tdd synchronization=master or slave For a radio link to work in Time Division Duplex, one radio needs to be configured as a master and the other radio as a slave. The slave radio synchronizes its RF transmissions to the timing of the master radio. LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual 17 cycle-time=value Specifies the length of the time division duplex cycle in milliseconds. A cycle consists of a transmission of a packet followed by a reception. The end to end delay of the synchronous data is approximately of the cycle time. Valid values range from 8 to 40. loopback mode=value Specifies a loopback mode used for testing. Valid values are the following:

off: loopback is turned off. This is the normal operation input-data: the Transmit Data input in pins 2 and 14 is looped back out as receive data

(pins 3, 16). base-unit: The transmit data is looped back internally in the indoor unit, after the spreading operation. The data is output as the receive data (pins 3 and 16). output-data: The receive data output in pins 3, 16 is looped back as input transmit data. The data driven by the DTE into pins 2 and 14 is ignored. 6.4 Console Redirection Commands In an operating radio link, it is possible to monitor and configure the remote radio from the other end of the link. The command prompt indicates which radio the commands will be directed to

(local> or remote>). The commands local and remote can be used to change that status:

remote This command can be issued when the current prompt reads local>. If there is a link established with the remote radio the prompt will change to remote> and any subsequent commands will be directed to the remote radio. If there is no link established to the remote radio, the command will timeout and the local> prompt reappears. local This command can be issued when the current prompt reads remote>. The prompt will change to local>, and any subsequent commands will be interpreted by the local radio. When changing radio operating parameters that break the link, you must always apply the changes to the remote radio first. For example, changing the link to another channel, can be performed with the following sequence:

local> remote LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual 18 remote> open remote> rf-both channel=30 remote> apply

(opens the current configuration)

(The apply command above breaks the link. The local radio will now timeout and revert to the local mode). local> open local> rf-both channel=30 local> apply The link is now reestablished on channel 30. Note that the three commands issued to the local radio are identical to the ones issued to the remote. Those commands can be accessed through the up-arrow key as an alternative to retyping them. 6.5 Radio Test and Monitoring Commands rssi channel=number This command monitors and reports, twice a second, the Received Signal Strength on the specified channel. If the channel is not specified, it defaults to the current receive channel. Press any key to revert back to normal operation. While monitoring the RSSI, the RF link to the remote radio is not maintained. In order to monitor the RSSI on the current channel, without breaking the link, use the command monitor-link monitor-link This command reports, twice a second, the current transmit power and receive signal strength for each of the Outbound and Inbound links. spectrum-analysis display=graph or table test-oscillator=0 or 1 (off or on) dwell-time=0..1000 This command performs a scan of all the channels in the band, dwelling on each channel for the specified amount of time (defaults to 20 milliseconds). While on each channel it measures the RSSI for that channel and stores its peak valuel. It then displays the data collected in a graphical or table formats (defaults to graph). The Outdoor Unit contains a test oscillator that may be turned on during this test. Running the spectrum analysis with the test oscillator on is useful to check the health of the local radio. LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual 19 ber-test This command performs two functions:

1. The data from the DTE being input at the data port is replaced with a 511 Bit Error Rate pattern which is transmitted over RF. 2. The data being received over RF and output to the DTE through the data port is checked to match the 511 Bit Error Rate pattern. The radio outputs a line, twice a second, with the results of this check. In order to test a two way link using this command, you must first set the remote radio in loopback mode by performing the following steps:

local> remote remote> open remote> loopback output-data remote> apply remote> local local> ber-test At the end of the test, remember to turn off the loopback mode in the remote radio. 6.6 Miscellaneous commands version Displays the radio model and software version. history Displays the previous commands entered through the console port. help [command-name]

If no command is specified, displays the complete list of commands. If a command is specified it displays the valid parameter and corresponding values for that specific command. LongRanger 2050 Operators Manual 20 Channel Frequency Correspondence Frequency Frequency Frequency Channel 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

(KHz) 2,407,780 2,409,316 2,410,852 2,412,388 2,413,924 2,415,460 2,416,996 2,418,532 2,420,068 2,421,604 2,423,140 2,424,676 2,426,212 2,427,748 2,429,284 2,430,820 Channel 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

(KHz) 2,432,356 2,433,892 2,435,428 2,436,964 2,438,500 2,440,036 2,441,572 2,443,108 2,444,644 2,446,180 2,447,716 2,449,252 2,450,788 2,452,324 2,453,860 2,455,396 Channel 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

(KHz) 2,456,932 2,458,468 2,460,004 2,461,540 2,463,076 2,464,612 2,466,148 2,467,684 2,469,220 2,470,756 2,472,292 2,473,828 2,475,364 2,476,900 Number of Non-Overlapping Suggested Channel Allocation Frequency Separation Channels 3 4 5 6 5, 27, 49 5, 20, 35, 50 5, 16, 27, 38, 49 5, 14, 23, 32, 41, 50 33,792 23,040 16, 896 13,824