FCC ID: 2A8GESL15028PE X Band CW Doppler Instrumentation Radar

 

Users Guide WinDopp Mission Planning Post Processing and Analysis Weibel Scientific Solvang 30 3450 Allerd Denmark Alignment

Calibration Online Measurement Control Instrumentation Setup UG-2624 1.47 DISCLAIMER Weibel retains the rights to make changes to these specifications at any time without notice. Weibel makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Weibel assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document. Weibel makes no commitment to update or to keep current the information contained in this document. Brand names used in this document may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies. Some of the trademarks mentioned in this product appear for identification purposes only. Void where prohibited. No other warranty expressed or implied. Subject to change without notice. Document was current at time of printing. Not responsible for direct, indirect, incidental or consequential damages resulting from any defect, error or failure to perform. Some equipment shown is optional. This supersedes all previous notices. 1992-2015 WEIBEL. Contents Contents 1 2 3 4 1.5 1.6 2.2 2.3 Introduction 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Initial Setup & Configuration 2.1 1 Change History ................................................................................................ 1 Disclaimer ........................................................................................................ 2 References ...................................................................................................... 2 WinDopp Background ...................................................................................... 2 1.4.1 Mission Planning ................................................................................. 3 1.4.2 Alignment & Calibration ....................................................................... 3 1.4.3 Instrumentation Setup ......................................................................... 3 1.4.4 Online Measurement Control .............................................................. 3 1.4.5 Post Processing & Analysis ................................................................. 4 Install and Run WinDopp ................................................................................. 4 1.5.1 Minimum System Requirements ......................................................... 4 Install WinDopp ................................................................................... 4 1.5.2 1.5.3 Insert the Dongle ................................................................................. 4 1.5.4 Start the Application ............................................................................ 4 WinDopp Navigation ........................................................................................ 5 1.6.1 Menu Bar ............................................................................................. 5 1.6.2 Tool Bar ............................................................................................... 5 1.6.3 Graph Area .......................................................................................... 6 1.6.4 Status Bar ............................................................................................ 6 7 Set-up Communications .................................................................................. 7 2.1.1 Setup Multiple devices......................................................................... 8 Set-up IRIG synchronization............................................................................ 9 Customize the User Interface ........................................................................ 10 2.3.1 Customize Colors .............................................................................. 11 2.3.2 Customize Font ................................................................................. 12 2.3.3 Customize File Locations .................................................................. 13 2.3.4 Customize Measurements ................................................................. 13 2.3.5 Customize Graphics Export ............................................................... 14 2.3.6 Customize Miscellaneous .................................................................. 15 2.3.7 Customize Post-Processing .............................................................. 16 2.3.8 Customize Self-Verification ............................................................... 19 2.3.9 Customize External Control Interface ................................................ 20 23 Predict the Trajectory .................................................................................... 23 3.1.1 Define Simulation Parameters ........................................................... 26 Import Meteorological Data ........................................................................... 26 Use the Command Terminal.......................................................................... 29 31 Work with Coordinate Systems ..................................................................... 31 4.1.1 Use the Position Definitions Dialog ................................................... 32 4.1.2 Use the Position Edit Dialog .............................................................. 35 Mission Planning 3.1 3.2 3.3 System Alignment & Calibration 4.1 UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary i Contents 4.2 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 4.3 Measurement and Processing Setup 5.1 5.6 5.7 5.8 Muzzle Velocity Measurement 6.1 6.2 Session Management 7.1 4.1.3 View and Edit Positions in a WRK File .............................................. 38 Coordinate System Conventions ................................................................... 39 4.2.1 Cartesian Coordinates ....................................................................... 40 4.2.2 Polar Coordinates .............................................................................. 41 4.2.3 Geographic Coordinates .................................................................... 42 4.2.4 UTM Coordinates .............................................................................. 43 4.2.5 Use UTM Grid Angles ........................................................................ 45 4.2.6 Coordinate System Example ............................................................. 45 IRIG Synchronization ..................................................................................... 47 49 Radar and Processing Parameters Overview ............................................... 49 5.1.1 Multiple Devices ................................................................................ 51 Configure the Measure Mode ........................................................................ 51 Enable/Disable Auto Display ......................................................................... 52 Configure Output File Names ........................................................................ 53 Configure the Radar Parameters ................................................................... 54 5.5.1 Height, Offset and Setback ................................................................ 57 Configure the Burst Parameters .................................................................... 58 Select FFT Processing Parameters............................................................... 59 Select V0 Analysis Parameters ..................................................................... 61 63 Measurement Control Overview .................................................................... 63 Measurement Results .................................................................................... 64 66 Session Manager Overview ........................................................................... 66 7.1.1 Use the Session Manager ................................................................. 68 7.1.2 Add or Remove Measurements from a Session................................ 69 Customize the Session Manager Layout ....................................................... 70 7.2.1 Define a New Type of Results ........................................................... 71 Statistics Overview ........................................................................................ 71 7.3.1 Configure Statistics ............................................................................ 72 7.3.2 Select Statistics Mode ....................................................................... 73 7.3.3 Add or Remove Measurements from the Statistics ........................... 73 Export / Print Data ......................................................................................... 74 77 Diagnostics Overview .................................................................................... 77 Enter the Diagnostics Screen ........................................................................ 77 Antenna Diagnostics ...................................................................................... 78 8.3.1 Antenna Properties ............................................................................ 79 8.3.2 Overall Status .................................................................................... 79 Temperature Diagnostics .............................................................................. 79 Power Supply Diagnostics ............................................................................. 80 Amplifier Diagnostics ..................................................................................... 81 GPS Diagnostics............................................................................................ 81 OneWire Diagnostics ..................................................................................... 82 83 Self-Verification Overview ............................................................................. 83 Self-Verification Tests .................................................................................... 83 9.2.1 Communication Test .......................................................................... 84 9.2.2 Amplifier Test ..................................................................................... 84 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 Self-Verification 9.1 9.2 7.4 Diagnostics 8.1 8.2 8.3 7.2 7.3 5 6 7 8 9 ii Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 10 Contents 9.2.3 Voltage Test ...................................................................................... 84 9.2.4 Temperature Test .............................................................................. 85 9.2.5 Oscillator Test .................................................................................... 86 9.2.6 Antenna Gain Test ............................................................................. 86 Perform a Self-Verification Test .................................................................... 87 9.3 Automated Self-Verification Test ................................................................... 89 9.4 91 DAT File Processing 10.1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 91 10.2 Open a DAT File ............................................................................................ 91 10.2.1 Access the DAT Info ........................................................................ 93 10.2.2 Select the Processing Algorithm ..................................................... 97 10.2.3 Configure the FFT Parameters ........................................................ 98 10.2.4 Define Variable FFT Size Segments ............................................... 99 10.3 Draw a QDTI/DTI Plot .................................................................................. 103 10.3.1 View Details of the DTI .................................................................. 104 10.3.2 Configure the DTI Plot Parameters ............................................... 105 10.3.3 Time Scale ..................................................................................... 107 10.3.4 Draw the Spectrum Plot................................................................. 108 10.3.5 Configure the Spectrum Plot ......................................................... 109 10.4 Draw an ST Plot .......................................................................................... 110 10.4.1 View Details of the ST Plot ............................................................ 112 10.5 Detect Single/Multi Object Tracks ............................................................... 112 10.5.1 Select a Predefined Set of MOT Parameters ................................ 113 10.5.2 Use the Track Control Window ...................................................... 114 10.5.3 Change the Properties of a Track ................................................. 116 10.5.4 Add or Delete Points from a Track ................................................ 118 10.5.5 Manually Add New Points to a Track ............................................ 119 10.5.6 Manually Track Objects ................................................................. 120 10.5.7 Change the Track Settings ............................................................ 121 10.5.8 Load a Set of MOT Results ........................................................... 123 10.5.9 Generate Work File Results .......................................................... 124 10.5.10 Print Results ................................................................................ 124 10.5.11 Generate an RCS-scaled DTI ..................................................... 124 10.6 Configure Advanced MOT Parameters ....................................................... 125 10.6.1 The MOT Process Step by Step .................................................... 126 10.6.2 About the MOT/SOT Parameters .................................................. 127 10.6.3 Define Miscellaneous MOT Parameters ........................................ 129 10.6.4 Define Motion Compensation MOT Parameters ........................... 131 10.6.5 Define Noise MOT Parameters ..................................................... 132 10.6.6 Define Antenna Loop Gain ............................................................ 133 10.6.7 Define Extractor MOT Parameters ................................................ 134 10.6.8 Define Filtering MOT Parameters .................................................. 139 10.6.9 Define Management MOT Parameters ......................................... 141 10.6.10 Define Transponder MOT Parameters ........................................ 146 10.6.11 Define SOT Parameters .............................................................. 147 Perform Spin Analysis ................................................................................. 148 10.7.1 Configure Spin Analysis Options ................................................... 150 Perform Channel Verification....................................................................... 151 10.8.1 Select Channel Verification Output ............................................... 151 10.8.2 Loop Gain Plots ............................................................................. 152 10.8.3 Q-factor Plots ................................................................................. 154 10.8.4 SNR Plots ...................................................................................... 155 10.8.5 Noise Plots .................................................................................... 157 Perform Inbore Analysis .............................................................................. 158 10.9.1 Configure Inbore Analysis Options ................................................ 159 10.9.2 Place First Movement Marker ....................................................... 161 10.9 10.7 10.8 UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary iii Contents 11 WRK File Processing 11.4 163 11.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 163 11.2 Open a WRK File ......................................................................................... 163 11.3 Work File Tools and Windows ..................................................................... 164 11.3.1 Use the Work File Tool Bar ........................................................... 165 11.3.2 Use the Track List .......................................................................... 166 11.3.3 Configure the Graph Layout .......................................................... 167 11.3.4 Choose a Graph View ................................................................... 167 11.3.5 Select a Predefined Layout ........................................................... 168 11.3.6 Use the Info Window ..................................................................... 169 11.3.7 Use the Graph Area ....................................................................... 169 11.3.8 Enable/Disable Points in a Track................................................... 171 11.3.9 Print or Export Track Graphics ...................................................... 172 Edit and Analyze Tracks .............................................................................. 173 11.4.1 Edit the Extrapolation Parameters ................................................. 174 11.4.2 Export Track Data .......................................................................... 176 11.4.3 Select Fitting Mode ........................................................................ 181 11.4.4 Define Projectile Parameters for Extrapolation ............................. 183 11.4.5 Define Simulation Parameters for Extrapolation ........................... 183 11.4.6 Calculate Muzzle Velocity .............................................................. 183 Edit the Fit Information ................................................................................ 186 11.5.1 Change the Fit Parameters ........................................................... 187 11.5.2 Split a Time Segment .................................................................... 188 11.5.3 About Polynomial Fitting ................................................................ 192 11.6 Define or Edit a Graph View ........................................................................ 195 11.6.1 Organize the Views in Groups ....................................................... 196 11.7 Use Specific Graph Views ........................................................................... 196 11.7.1 Use the Missed Distance Graph .................................................... 197 11.7.2 Use the Ballistic Coefficient Graph ................................................ 197 11.8 Modify Meteorological Conditions................................................................ 197 199 Glossary of Terms 11.5 Index 211 12 13 iv Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 1 1.1 Introduction Introduction Change History Version 0.20 0.25 0.40 0.50 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.24 1.25 1.26 1.27 1.28 1.29 1.30 1.31 1.33 1.34 1.35 1.36 1.37 1.38 1.39 Date 2004-04-28 2004-04-30 2004-09-28 2004-11-18 2005-03-16 2006-02-10 2006-06-13 2006-06-23 2007-07-22 2007-08-21 2007-08-28 2009-01-23 2009-11-10 2009-12-22 2010-03-03 2010-05-25 2010-09-07 2010-10-25 2011-03-16 2011-05-18 2012-01-11 2012-01-25 2012-03-05

. By Comment JJN Diagnostics not yet included. JJN JJN Added spin analysis BJ Added burst processing JJN Added FFT segments JJN Minor JJN Editorial changes JJN Minor JJN Minor JJN Added Customize Session View and Calculator. JJN Added Save/Load button in the Meas. Setup dialog. LR Accuracy graphs, tracking modes, UTC time. LR Added menu option to session manager. LR Updated measurement setup LR File name options LR Custom Session Fields & Calculator functions. Belkin. LR JJN Screen shots updated. JJN Added Ballistic Coefficient JJN Editorial changes LR Added Multi Device functionality LR Added Inbore Analysis LR Updated Irig synchronization. UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 1 Introduction 1.2 1.3 1.4 2 Version 1.40 1.41 1.42 1.43 1.44 1.45 1.46 1.47 Date 2012-04-02 2012-05-02 2012-06-18 2012-08-02 2012-09-12 2012-12-07 2013-08-22 2014-08-27 By Comment JJN Editorial changes LR Added diagnostics and self verification LR Status bar description JJN MKB Specific Self-Verification test information JJN Added advanced MOT parameter description JJN Updated dialog screenshots AJS Added calculate muzzle velocity section Improved Height, Offset & Setback description Disclaimer WinDopp is limited to operating fixed head antennas only and to process data without measured angular information (single channel). DAT or WRK files containing data from a radar system capable of measuring azimuth or elevation angles are not supported. Any description or example in this document showing angular information or parameters derived from angular information does not imply that WinDopp is capable of processing or generating such information. References

[1] IS-3129: WinDopp External Control Interface. Weibel Scientific A/S. WinDopp Background WinDopp is a Windows program, running on the Instrumentation Controller, IC-700. It replaces the RemDopp program. It provides a wide range of tools supporting the complete muzzle velocity radar measurement process: mission planning, alignment and calibration, instrumentation setup, online measurement control and post processing & analysis. An overview of these tools is found in the following sections. WinDopp is intended for fixed head antenna operation only and does not support the data files originating from a tracking radar system, see Disclaimer (page 2). Processing of data files containing angular information requires WinTrack. While most radar systems are equipped with a local user terminal, the full operator and control interface is only available through WinDopp. The instrumentation setup and online control provides full access to the features of the radar connected. The system uses TCP/IP, USB, or serial link for the interface between the MVR and the Instrumentation Controller, see Set-up Communications (page 7). The WinDopp program displays the results on a graphical display during the measurement, and can, in post processing generate several graphs to a connected printer. The program is activated from the Windows desktop, click on the WinDopp icon to start the program. Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 1.4.1 1.4.2 1.4.3 Introduction Mission Planning WinDopp provides a number of tools that support the mission planning and preparation process:

WinDopp Tool Work with Coordinate Systems (page 31) Task Find a good location for the radar and configure approximate positions of the radar and the launcher. Identify suitable reference points and prepare coordinate settings. Check the line of sight to the target throughout the measurement. Check that the signal to noise ratio is sufficient for the measurement. Predict the effects of the local meteorological conditions. Configure the radar and how data is saved after each measurement. Work with Coordinate Systems (page 31) Predict the Trajectory

(page 23) Predict the Trajectory

(page 23) Import Meteorological Data (page 26) Radar and Processing Parameters Overview

(page 49) Alignment & Calibration The following WinDopp tools support the radar alignment and calibration process:

WinDopp Tool Work with Coordinate Systems (page 31) Task Configure the actual positions of the radar and the launcher. Task Configure link types and baud rates. Instrumentation Setup The following WinDopp tools configure the communications and the radar connected:

WinDopp Tool Set-up Communications

(page 7) Customize File Locations (page 13) Radar and Processing Parameters Overview

(page 49) Configure the radar and WinDopp for making measurements. Prepare directories for measurement data. 1.4.4 Online Measurement Control Muzzle velocity measurements are controlled through the Measurement Control panel, see the Measurement Control Overview (page 63) section for further information. UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 3 Introduction 1.4.5 1.5 1.5.1 Task View the Doppler-Time-Intensity plot. Post Processing & Analysis The following WinDopp tools perform post mission data processing on DAT files and analysis on work files and assist the measurement report generation:

WinDopp Tool Draw a QDTI/DTI Plot

(page 103) Draw an ST Plot

(page 110) Detect Single/Multi Object Tracks (page 112) Open a WRK File

(page 163) Process the potential tracks and perform further analysis. Perform the object tracking algorithm to identify potential target tracks in the signal. View the Signal versus Time plot. Install and Run WinDopp Minimum System Requirements The computer to run WinDopp shall as a minimum meet the following requirements:

Operating system: Windows XP 32-bit, Windows XP 64-bit, Windows 7 32-bit, Windows 7 64-bit. Memory: 2Gbyte or more CPU: 1GHz or more Disk space: 100Gbyte or more 1.5.2 Install WinDopp To install the application:

1. Locate the file WinDoppSetup.exe and double click it. 2. Change the destination folder if needed or use the default directory:

3. Follow the instructions given by the installation program. Insert the Dongle Insert the WinDopp license dongle in the computer where WinDopp is installed and used. Start the Application To start the application, locate the WinDopp icon on the desk top and double click it:

Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 1.5.3 1.5.4 4 1.6 1.6.1 1.6.2 Introduction WinDopp Navigation Menu Bar The Menu Bar provides access to most functions available in WinDopp. Some of the functions require that an external device is attached. The following menus are available through the Menu Bar. Menu Item File Function Perform various file operations, including load and save work and command files. Various functions related to the current session and the Session Manager. Various application tools i.e. the single command panel and Terminal window, used when checking or modifying parameters not included in the windows interface. System control options i.e. Communication port setup. Various functions related to the measurement process. Control the Graph Area layout. Activate the on-line Help or see the version number. Session Tools Options Measurement Window Help Tool Bar The Tool Bar provides quick access to the most frequently used functions. Menu Item Function Open and save various files e.g. parameter settings or analysis results. Arrange the windows:

- Cascade all windows.

- Tile all windows Horizontal.

- Tile all windows Vertical.

- Close all windows. Command terminal. UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 5 Introduction 1.6.3 Menu Item Function Main parameter control function. Open Session Manager. Show measurement control panel Notes The Command terminal icon is only shown when the radar is connected. Graph Area The Graph Area is where data is presented to the operator as curves or plots. It is also used for editing the data set, e.g. removing data points from the analysis or adding data points to a track. To use the graph area when post processing data, see Work File Tools and Windows

(page 164). 1.6.4 Status Bar The Status Bar provides an overview of the status of the external units. Status bar Item Function Current work directory. Device status. In case a warning or error has been detected this indicator will change color. Hoover mouse on top of the device status indicator for more information. Example:

Green = OK, red = error, yellow = warning, grey = not available/not used. Notes The green color indicates that no errors have been detected in the main system components. The status will turn yellow if a warning is detected. The status will turn red if an error is detected. End of Chapter 6 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 Initial Setup & Configuration 2 Initial Setup &

Configuration 2.1 Set-up Communications To configure the WinDopp communications interfaces:

1. On the Options menu, click Communications Setup. 2. Enable the W box. 3. Select the Transfer Mode:

RS-232/422: Serial link USB: Universal Serial Bus. TCP/IP: Ethernet GPIB: General Purpose Interface Bus 4. Use the Default settings for the serial interface or enter your own settings. 5. Use the Reset Drivers button in case of communication problems, see notes below. 6. Click Apply to use the configuration. 7. Optionally, add more devices by clicking on the + tab. UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 7 Initial Setup & Configuration See below for further information. The following USB Configurations are available:

Use Direct USB connection Link - USB adaptor

(W1000/W1000i) Link - USB adaptor

(W700) If you want to Connect directly to a W-700 that has a built-in USB interface. Connect to a W-1000/W-1000i through an IO-

1000 Link-USB adaptor. Connect to a W-700 through an IO-1000 Link-

USB adaptor. 2.1.1 Setup Multiple devices Click on the + tab on the right side to add more devices, if required. Each device has its own communication settings. Switch between the devices by clicking on the individually device tabs. Right-click on a device tab to rename or delete a device:

Notes:

Click on the Apply button to check the communication to the unit. Click OK when satisfied to store and use the selected communication port. 8 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 Initial Setup & Configuration When using an SL-xxxxPC or SL-xxxxPBC antenna (containing a Belkin Network USB Hub) it is important that the Belkin ControlCenter application is running (and connected) prior to WinDopp. The Belkin Software Installation can be found in the WinDopp driver folder. The default IP address for the antenna is 192.168.0.92 so make sure the notebook/workstation (running WinDopp and the Belkin ControlCenter application) uses another IP address than this, eg. 192.168.0.94. Be advised that changing the IP address or other system configurations might need a full restart of the system (including the antenna and notebook/workstation). For Windows 7 operating systems the Windows User Account Control setting (Control Panel User Accounts Change User Account Control settings) needs to be set to minimum. When using the Weibel IO-1000 Link - USB adaptor one of the last two USB configurations must be selected in accordance with the type of analyzer (W-700 or W-1000). RS-232 baud rates: 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600. RS-422 baud rates: 100000, 115200, 125000, 230400, 250000, 500000. When using a USB COMI device uncheck the Set baud rate in device and make sure to select the same baud rate both in WinDopp and in the Analyzer. Use the following settings when using USB COMI:

RS232/422 on COMPORT: (see Windows Device Manager) Baud Rate (RS422 baud rates) Adaptor Type to Standard Uncheck Set baud rate in device Click on the Reset Drivers button in case of communication problems. For instance if using a USB connection and the unit gets rebooted while WinDopp is still connected some Windows drivers might hang. Use this button to reset the drivers. 2.2 Set-up IRIG synchronization WinDopp supports a manual IRIG time synchronization feature (based on an external IRIG unit) for antennas without a built-in IRIG/GPS. To configure the WinDopp IRIG synchronization:

1. Make sure that the IRIG device is turned on and all necessary drivers are installed. 2. On the Tools menu, click Customize and choose the Measurement tab. 3. Select the Enable IRIG synchronization option. UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 9 Initial Setup & Configuration 4. Select the proper COM port. See note below. 5. Click OK to use the configuration. Notes:

This is not needed for antennas/analyzers which support IRIG synchronization (e.g built-in GPS receiver). Only support for ORCA GS-101 To find the proper COM port look in the Windows Device Manager

(Control Panel). The device will normally be shown as a USB Serial Port in the Ports (COM & LPT) list group. Enable the Timezone option for compensate for local time zone. Enable the Daylight option for compensate for local daylight

(summer/winter time). 2.3 Customize the User Interface A number of items in the user interface are configurable:

Group Colors Font Function Background, graph components and text. See Customize Colors (page 11). All text output. See Customize Font (page 12). 10 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 Initial Setup & Configuration Function Default location for work/data files and command/configuration files. See Customize File Locations (page 13). Default formats for graphics output to file or printer. See Customize Graphics Export (page 14). Status bar, camera control, beep, auto open, logging. See Customize Miscellaneous (page 15). Additional post-processing options. See Customize Post-Processing (page 16). Function Measurement settings: Channel saving settings, IRIG synchronization settings. See Customize Measurements (page 13). Self-verification settings. See Customize Self-

Verification (page 19). Enable/Disable the External Control Interface. Group File Location Export Miscellaneous Post-Processing Group Measurement Self-Verification External Control Interface 2.3.1 Customize Colors To customize the colors in the user interface:

1. On the Tools menu, click Customize. 2. Click the Colors tab. 3. Select the graphical/textual Element to change. 4. Choose a new Color. 5. Click OK. The following window appears:

UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 11 Initial Setup & Configuration Note The default color of tracks (shown in the work file view) can also be specified. Use the Reset button to set all colors to default. 2.3.2 Customize Font To customize the font used for text output:

1. On the Tools menu, click Customize. 2. Click the Font tab. 3. Select the font from the list. 4. Click OK. The following window appears:

12 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 2.3.3 Initial Setup & Configuration Customize File Locations To customize the default file locations:

1. On the Tools menu, click Customize. 2. Click the File Locations tab. 3. Type the default Work Location or browse the directory. 4. Type the default Command Location or browse the directory. 5. Click OK. The following window appears:

Notes The Work Location is where the following files are stored or loaded from: DAT, WRK, and TRK. The Command Location is where the following files are stored or loaded from: CMD, PRM. 2.3.4 Customize Measurements To customize the measurements setup:

1. On the Tools menu, click Customize. 2. Click the Measurements tab. 3. Enable the optional measurement features you want. 4. Click OK. The following window appears:

UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 13 Initial Setup & Configuration Enable Force only certain number of channels Channels Show auto displays when in auto-rearm mode Beep when armed Enable IRIG Synchronization Port Timezone Daylight If you want to Force the system only to save a specific number of channels, starting from channel 1. Number of channels to save in case the above option has been checked, starting from channel 1. Show the auto displays after each measurement when in auto-rearm mode. Beep shortly when armed Enables the system to use IRIG synchronization. See Set-up IRIG synchronization (page 9) for more information. The COM port used for IRIG synchronization. See Set-up IRIG synchronization (page 9) for more information. Time zone compensation used for IRIG synchronization. See Set-up IRIG synchronization (page 9) for more information. Daylight compensation used for IRIG synchronization. See Set-up IRIG synchronization (page 9) for more information. 2.3.5 Customize Graphics Export To customize the default print and graphics export settings:

1. On the Tools menu, click Customize. 2. Click the Export tab:

14 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 Initial Setup & Configuration 3. Change the graphics and print options/parameters. Notes The Export tab is only for exporting pictures and not for exporting data. The Bitmap Size applies when exporting to the BMP or PNG file format. The Enhance Metafile Size applies when exporting to the EMF format. These settings affect the plots produced using the Print or Export Track Graphics (page 172) feature. 2.3.6 Customize Miscellaneous To customize miscellaneous setup parameters:

1. On the Tools menu, click Customize. 2. Click the Miscellaneous tab. 3. Enable the miscellaneous features you want. 4. Click OK. The following window appears:

UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 15 Initial Setup & Configuration Enable Beep on completion Log communications to file (log.txt) Show Warning before closing application Show angles in mils If you want to Hear a sound whenever a task is completed. Save all communications to a file. Only for debugging purposes. Confirm that the application is closed. Choose to show angles in mil instead of degrees. This is only supported in certain dialogs/windows. Notes Options shown in grey are not available in the current application. 2.3.7 Customize Post-Processing To customize post-processing setup parameters:

1. On the Tools menu, click Customize. 2. Click the Post-Processing tab. 3. Enable the post-processing features you want. 4. Click OK. The following window appears:

16 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 Initial Setup & Configuration Enable Enable MOT Preview Options Remember FFT Parameters Continuous azimuth data for all generated tracks Use Time Tags Ignore Time Offset between WRK- and DAT- file Enable Accuracy Graphs Display MOT debug information Use track color when drawing fits Use Hermite interpolation for synthetic DAT files If you want to Visualize additional information when previewing results from the Track Control Window (see Use the Track Control Window

(page 114)). Make the Process Setup form remember the FFT Parameters of the last processing (see Configure the FFT Parameters (page 98)). All tracks generated from dat files using the SOT/MOT processing functions get continuous azimuth angles. Synchronize all post-processing operations on a DAT-file with the time tags stored in the file. Ignore the possible differences between the MEASTIME information of the WRK-files ONLINE_INFO entry and that of the DAT-file header. Always recommended if the system is known to be synchronizing via a hardware trigger signal. Enable the feature of showing accuracy graphs using the specified time interval and the sigma value. See Accuracy of a Data Point versus Time (page 18) or Accuracy of a Data Point versus another Data Point (page 19) for further information. Display debug information during MOT processing. Use the same color as the track points for the fit line. Use 5th order Hermite interpolation to interpolate the trajectory data when generating synthetic data files. UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 17 Initial Setup & Configuration 2.3.7.1 If you want to Use alternative method for fitting in the launcher coordinate system, see Select Fitting Mode (page 181). Enable Use Ballistic/Geometric parallax compensation method Notes Please close any open DAT file and re-open it for the parameter changes to take effect in the following processing. Please refer to Open a DAT File (page 91). Activating a transformation in Active Transformations will not override any status previously saved. It only applies to newly created groups. Accuracy of a Data Point versus Time In this case we look at a measured parameter versus time, x(t). This may be radial velocity or a number of other parameters. To estimate the accuracy of a specific measured data point, x(tm), the following is done:

1. For each data point, x(t), in the time interval [tm-T, tm+T], where T is defined by the user (see Customize Post-Processing (page 16)), do the following:

a. Calculate the difference between the measured and the fitted value. b. Square this value and multiply it by w(t)=(1+cos(pi*(t-tm)/T)) 2. Calculate the sum of the values from step 1 and divide by the sum of the w(t) values to get the weighted average. 3. Calculate the square root of the value from step 2 to get the estimated standard deviation, sx(tm). To estimate the accuracy of a specific fitted data point, xf(Tm), the following is done:

1. For each of the N measured data points, x(t), in the time interval [tm-Tobs/2, tm+Tobs/2]:

a. Calculate the square of the estimated standard deviation, sx(t). Tobs is the fitting observation time, see Change the Fit Parameters (page 187). 2. Calculate the average of the values from step 1 and divide by N. 3. Calculate the square root of the value from step 2 to get the estimated standard deviation of the fitted data point, sf(tm). Notes It is recommended that the value of T is chosen to match the dynamics of the signal strength variations as seen by a close inspection of the SNR plot. Look for the fastest change in SNR and note how long it takes to rise/fall 3dB and set T equal to this value. If T is chosen too large, the fastest variation in SNR will not be shown in the accuracy estimate. If T is chosen too small the accuracy estimate is going to be very noisy (unreliable) itself. This method is based on both the polynomial fit (see About Polynomial Fitting (page 192)) and the data points surrounding the data point of interest. It is assumed that the polynomial fit does not have substantial bias errors in the time interval. This means that the polynomial order and Tobs match the dynamics of the parameter measured. When the accuracy is plotted it is shown relative to the fitted value, which is our best estimate for the average value for that point in time. 18 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 2.3.7.2 Initial Setup & Configuration Increasing the FFT length and thereby the observation time, Tobs, improves the accuracy of the measured data points. The fit however has fewer measured data points when we keep the fit time and the FFT overlap constant. This is because the time distance between measurement points increases. Therefore the accuracy of the fitted result does not generally improve with an increased Tobs. Increasing the overlap beyond 50% yields more measured data points, but as the noise contribution is strongly correlated the averaging gain is limited. Accuracy of a Data Point versus another Data Point Other plots show a measured parameter versus another measured parameter which are both functions of time, (x(t), y(t)), for example the ground track of the target. Instead of an accuracy interval we get an accuracy area indicating the uncertainty of the measurement. To estimate the accuracy area of a specific measured data point, (x(tm), y(tm)), we find the accuracy of x(tm) and y(tm) independently, see Accuracy of a Data Point versus Time

(page 18). The 1 sigma accuracy area is defined by the ellipse with major axis (sx(tm), sy(tm)). To illustrate the accuracy of such a plot we show a hatched area which is the unification of the accuracy areas associated with each of the data points in the plot. Notes When the accuracy ellipse is plotted it is shown relative to the corresponding fitted

(x,y) value, which is our best estimate for the average value for that point in time. 2.3.8 Customize Self-Verification To customize the Self-Verification parameters:

UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 19 Initial Setup & Configuration 1. On the Tools menu, click Customize. 2. Click the Self-Verification tab. 3. Setup the options you want. 4. Click OK. The following options will appear on the Self-Verification tab:

Options:

Option Check at Startup/Connect Expire options:

Option Enable Expire Check Expire after (hours) Description Allows the system to check (at startup and connect) if a new self-verification test is needed. See Automated Self-Verification Test

(page 89). Desciption Enables self-verification tests to expire after a certain time. Specify after how many hours a self-verification test will expire. Notes For more information regarding Self-Verification tests, please refer to section Perform a Self-Verification Test (page 87) and Automated Self-Verification Test (page 89). 2.3.9 Customize External Control Interface To customize the External Control Interface:

20 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 1. 2. On the Tools menu, click Customize. Click the External Control Interface tab:

Initial Setup & Configuration 3. Change the options/parameters. Please refer to [1], IS-3129 WinDopp External Control Interface document, for further information. Notes The External Control Interface enables third-party applications to communicate with WinDopp for controlling and setting up system parameters. End of Chapter UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 21 3 3.1 Mission Planning Mission Planning Predict the Trajectory In order to prepare the radar system before the first measurement you need a rough estimate of the trajectory you are going to measure or at least a few key parameters. The trajectory prediction tool provides the information needed to set up the radar system. It also gives you an indication of the signal quality you can expect from the measurement taking the antenna system and position, the estimated radar cross section of the object, and the range into account. The graphics also illustrates how the target enters the radar beam. The prediction results are stored in a WRK file, and can be viewed in the normal graphical outputs; here you can find the required initial delays and intercept angles to ensure safe acquisition. Based on the simulated data, the optimum location of the radar relative to the launcher and the test objectives can be found. To predict a trajectory:

1. On the Measurement menu, click Prediction. 2. Enter simulation parameters in the prediction form. 3. Click OK to calculate the trajectory and optionally save the results. UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 23 Mission Planning Notes The prediction form supports projectiles, rocket assisted projectiles The Projectile tab is always visible. The Rocket-Assisted tab appears when the Rocket-Assisted Projectile is selected from the Object Type drop down box. 24 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 Mission Planning The predicted radial velocity is useful when configuring the sampling rate of the Analyzer. The result is always saved to a work file called prediction.wrk, which is automatically loaded into the Work File Viewer for inspection and further processing. The Prediction Generator calculates the maximum radial velocity as seen from the radar. This value is multiplied by 1.20 (20% is added) to get the recommended sampling rate. It also calculates the flying time of the projectile and this value is multiplied by 1.10 (10% is added) to get the recommended measurement time. The extra sample rate and measurement time ensure that all track data is captured even if the muzzle velocity or trajectory is a little different from the expected. On the Main tab:

Configure the Object Type Add To Existing Workfile Add the predicted track to an existing workfile. Create Angle Profile If you want to Use a specific model for the object. Save Trajectory Data Mission Simulation Parameters Create a preprogrammed elevation and azimuth angle profile. This profile can be sent to the antenna pedestal to ensure safe data acquisition. Save trajectory data to a TRJ file. Specify mission information, which is saved in the WRK file. This information is shown on plots and provides easy identification of the data. Specify the simulation time step, duration and output sampling rate. See Define Simulation Parameters (page 26) for more information. UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 25 Mission Planning Configure the Antenna Parameters Coordinate Systems On the Projectile tab:

Configure the Simulation Type Meteorological Data Launch Parameters Projectile type Ballistic Data If you want to Select a pre-defined antenna type from the drop down list to fill in the antenna parameters. Alternatively enter the parameters in the text boxes manually. It is not possible to save your manually created list of parameters. Define the position of the radar, the launcher and other fixed points. Define the orientation of various coordinate systems. If you want to Specify the fit parameters and the impact condition. Specify the weather conditions according to the ICAO model or Import Meteorological Data (page 26) from a file. Specify launch speed, elevation angle, and time. Specify the weight and caliber. Select the ballistic modeling data to be used in the simulation. The Point Mass model is recommended. On the Rocket-Assisted tab:

Configure the Ignition Parameters Flight Specification Rocket Specification If you want to Specify when the rocket is ignited, how long it burns and the total weight loss at ignition. Specify how much the velocity is increased during the burn time. Specify how much thrust the rocket delivers and the propellant weight. 3.1.1 3.2 26 Define Simulation Parameters The Simulation step is directly related to the accuracy of the prediction. The optimum step size depends on the details of the system and should always be assessed for any unknown system. The preferred method is to gradually decrease the step size until no further improvement is observed. For many ballistic systems the optimum step size will be in the range from 0.1 to 0.01 ms. It is noted that decreasing the step size may increase the computation time considerably. If the step size is chosen too low it may compromise accuracy because of rounding errors. Import Meteorological Data The software can import a meteorological data file and compensate the calculated Drag

(Cd) for the actual meteorological conditions. Meteorological Data can also manually be entered. Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 Mission Planning To import a meteorological data file to be used for Trajectory prediction (see Predict the Trajectory (page 23)):

1. In the Meteorological Data section of the Projectile tab, select the From File radio button and click Browse.... 2. Use the Import Meteorological Data file browser to locate and open the meteorological data file. To import a meteorological data file to be used when working with work files (see WRK File Processing (page 163)):

1. From the Ballistic menu, select the Meteorological Info menu option 2. Manually enter the values, or right click on the table listing to Load a meteorological data file. These above options open the Edit Meteorological Data dialog:

1. Use the graphs to inspect the meteorological data and perform optional adjustments using the table. 2. Edit the values by double-click on values in the table listing or right click on the table listing to bring up this menu:

UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 27 Mission Planning 3. Do the adjustments and click the Apply button to update the graphs with new changes to the data. 4. Click Cancel to abort the import or OK to import the data to the current work file. Extension Description The system can import a variety of Meteorological data formats, and automatically detect the data format from the file. The following formats are supported:

Input File Format Weibel ATM NATO METCM NATO METB NATO METTA XonTech MET Vaisala EDT Vaisala SPF Vaisala Text Format JDA MET from Weibel NATO STANAG No. 4082 NATO STANAG No. 4061 NATO STANAG No. 4140 from XonTech from Vaisala from Vaisala from Vaisala

.atm

.edt

.spf from the Japanese Defense Agency ATM, EDT, and SPF files are recognized on their file extension. The other file formats are recognized by their content. If the system cannot determine the file format, the file format needs to be manually selected from a list. The Edit Meteorological Data dialog contains two graphs where meteorological parameters can be displayed. In the combo boxes above the graphs:

Select Pressure Temperature Humidity Wind Speed To see To the pressure as function of height. To see temperature as function of height. To see humidity as function of height. To see the total wind speed together with the wind speed components from the northern and eastern directions as function of height. To see the wind direction (where the wind comes from) as a function of height. Wind Direction Notes To load a different meteorological data file, while in the Edit Meteorological Data dialog, click Import... The same six columns are always used in the table in the Edit Meteorological Data dialog. If some of these data are not available in 28 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 3.3 Mission Planning the data file, these values will be estimated from the available information and the ICAO meteorological model. Use the Command Terminal The Command Terminal provides a simple text based command/response user interface to the radar whether it is a Range Processor, a Tracking Controller, an Analyzer or an MVR. The Command Terminal is intended for debugging and low-level configuration, which is outside the scope of this manual. The command terminal allows you to enter commands. To start the Command Terminal:

1. On the Tools menu, click Terminal. 2. Enter your command/request on the command line and click Send. 3. View the command and the response in the window above. 4. Click Close to exit the Command Terminal. In this example, the command Time was sent. The answer was: 13:17:38 reflecting the actual time in the radar. Notes The terminal has a command stack for the most recently used commands; use the cursor keys [] and [] to scroll through the stack. UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 29 Mission Planning End of Chapter 30 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 4 4.1 System Alignment & Calibration System Alignment &

Calibration Work with Coordinate Systems WinDopp helps you manage the coordinate systems used throughout the measurement and in the post processing of the data. While the raw measurement captured by the radar is referred to the physical radar or pedestal, this is rarely a useful reference. WinDopp converts the results from raw radar measurements to practically any coordinate system needed. Although the coordinate system setup should be done accurately in advance of the measurements, WinDopp allows you to change the coordinate system definitions after the mission is completed, if e.g. the accuracy of the survey is improved at a later stage. Coordinate systems and positions of reference points are used in various contexts:

Mission planning. Enter survey data. Calculate look angles and distance to the target. Predict radial velocity, SNR and determine good range waveforms and target acquisition method. Calibration. Point the radar at a test target with a known position and verify the orientation and calibration values of the radar. Save measurement data. Save the Radar, Local and Launcher positions and coordinate azimuth turn with the measurement data for post processing purposes. Edit measurement data. Change the position of the radar in the measurement data, e.g. if the originally used position turns out to be wrong. See View and Edit Positions in a WRK File (page 38). To configure the coordinate systems follow this step-by-step procedure:

1. Define survey points as user defined absolute positions. See Define an Absolute Position (page 37). 2. Define the Radar, Local and Launcher positions relative to (or equal to) one of the survey points. See Define a Relative Position (page 38). The Radar position can be defined as an absolute position as well. Often the radar position is actually established by measuring the position of a survey point followed by an offset measurement of the radar reference point relative to the survey point. In this case let Position Definitions Dialog add the two pieces of information. UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 31 System Alignment & Calibration To view a sample configuration, see Coordinate System Example (page 45). For additional information on the coordinate systems, see Coordinate System Conventions (page 39). Notes:

Due to the curvature of the Earth, the y-axis (pointing up) for the Local, Radar and Launcher coordinate systems are not 100% parallel. To save the coordinate definitions in the WRK file after each measurement click the Set as Default button. 4.1.1 Use the Position Definitions Dialog The Position Definitions dialog shows a list of positions in a format chosen by the user. The list of positions is the starting point for any update, change or inspection of the positions and the coordinate systems. To open the dialog from WinTrack:

1. On the Measurement menu, click Position Definitions. The main part of the dialog is shown as a table where each line describes key information about a position. The columns are:

32 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 Column Position System Alignment & Calibration Contents The name of the Position. First segment: The three positions, marked as Default, have fixed names and cannot be deleted: Radar, Launcher and Local. These three positions are converted to WGS84 and saved with future measurement data. If the position dialog is opened from the Work file view then three additional positions, marked as WRK-file, will appear: Radar, Launcher and Local. These shows the positions saved in the Work file as part of the measurement. If the position dialog is opened from the Prediction dialog then three additional positions, marked as Prediction, will appear: Radar, Launcher and Local. These shows the positions used for the prediction. Second segment: the Peripheral Units shows the positions for the peripheral units, defined by the user (if any). Third segment: the Fixed Positions shows a list of fixed positions saved in the radar (if any). These positions can be used in the position dialog AND by keypads and other external devices. Fourth segment: the User Defined Positions shows the positions defined by the user (if any). These positions can ONLY be used in the position dialog. These columns show groups of coordinate values as chosen by the user. In the above example two different coordinate sets are shown for each position. To configure this part of the dialog see: Define the Coordinate View (page 34). For an absolute position the reference system (datum). For a Relative Position the name of the referred position is shown. Double click:

35) to edit the position, see Use the Position Edit Dialog (page to delete the position from the list. WGS84 Geo Radar Polar etc. Ref. Edit UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 33 System Alignment & Calibration Column RTP Goto Contents Only for tracking systems. Only for tracking systems. To configure other parameters:

Click To Change the UTM zone used to view and define UTM coordinates. See UTM Zones (page 44). Show all positions in the list (disregard the individual Show flag) Show geographic coordinates in the Degree, Minute, Second format. Notes:

An UTM zone is designed to cover a strip of 6 degrees in Longitude. If the position is more than one UTM zone away from the selected zone then the UTM coordinates of that position is not shown. Updates to the position definitions are stored in the default.pos file when the dialog is closed with Ok. Click Cancel to discard the changes. 4.1.1.1 Define the Coordinate View The coordinate view is located in the Position Definitions dialog. To add more coordinates to the view:

1. Right click the header row to get the Insert/Remove dialog 2. Select Insert to add a new set of coordinate columns:

3. Select one of the items from the drop down list to define the coordinates to view. For more information about the coordinate options see Define an Absolute Position (page 37) and Define a Relative Position (page 38). 34 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 4.1.1.2 System Alignment & Calibration Activate the Position Definitions Dialog To configure the coordinate systems, while connected to a fixed head radar:

1. On the Measurement menu, click Setup. 2. Click the Coordinates button, located at the bottom of the window. 3. Select the appropriate tab and enter the origo and pointing values. 4. Hit Ok to use the new settings. To configure the coordinate systems, while post-processing a work file:

1. On the Edit menu, click Edit Coordinate System. 2. Select the appropriate tab and enter the origo and pointing values. 3. Hit Ok to use the new settings. 4.1.2 Use the Position Edit Dialog The Position Edit dialog handles all types of position definitions. For existing positions it shows the values entered by the user when the position was last edited. To open the dialog:

In the Position Definitions dialog, click an existing entry to edit it. In the Position Definitions dialog, click Add New Position to create a new position entry in the list. Enter the information in the appropriate fields and click Apply to finish editing the position. Field Position Name Show Reference Relative XYZ X, Y, Z UTM Zone Comment Enter a name for the position. Use the name of the location or the survey point ID. Decide whether the position is shown in the Position Definitions list. See Define the Reference (page 36). Drop down list of available coordinate formats. See Define an Absolute Position (page 37) or Define a Relative Position (page 38). This text depends on the selected coordinate format. Select the UTM zone. Only applicable when the UTM coordinate format is selected. See UTM Zones (page 44). UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 35 System Alignment & Calibration Field Lat/Lon in DMS Copy from Coord. Turn Weapon Elev. Barrel Length Synchronize with RTP Show on Map Comment Use the Degree-Minute-Second format for the latitude longitude angles. Copy the contents of another position to this position. A positive angle indicates that the x-axis or azimuth zero axis is pointing to the right relative to north. Note that the y-

axis (up) is not affected by this parameter. Weapon characteristics. Saved with measurement data for post processing purposes. Applies ONLY to the Launcher position. Not supported by WinDopp. Decide whether the position is shown on online Map graphs

(RTCD) 4.1.2.1 Define the Reference Select the Reference to define in which coordinate frame the position is defined. There are two different types of references:

Reference Absolute Position Description The coordinates are defined with reference to one of the standard ellipsoid models also called Datum, e.g. WGS84. The coordinates are defined relative to another position. This is identified by the name of the Position. The coordinate system is centered in the referred position and per default the xyz-axes are aligned with North Up East in this point. The position have a parameter, Coord Turn, to offset the azimuth angle. Relative Position At least one position must be in the Absolute Position format. Subsequent positions can be either absolute or relative to another position. It is ok to define a chain of Relative Positions, each referring to another, as long as the first element of the chain, the root position, is an Absolute Position. Of course a circular reference is not accepted. Note that if a position is defined relative to a reference position then a change to the reference position affects the referring position as well. Their relative position however remains unchanged. With a Coord Turn of 0 the orientation of the coordinate frame is (x,y,z) = (North, Up, East) as defined by the ellipsoid model in use by the root position. Changing the value of coord turn affects the referring positions. It is recommended that a survey point is entered as a user defined absolute position. A position referring to a reference position with a coordinate turn different from zero does not inherit this coordinate turn. The coordinate turn always refers to north. When the radar or a test target, e.g. MC-100, is set-up above a survey point it is recommended that this position is defined relative to the user defined absolute position of the survey point. E.g. with an offset of (x,y,z) = (0, 1.45, 0) if the MC-100 or the radar is 1.45 m above the survey point. 36 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 4.1.2.2 System Alignment & Calibration Define an Absolute Position The Coordinate Type defines the format of the coordinate values. The options available depend on selection made in the preceding Define the Reference (page 36) step. To define an absolute position:

1. From the Positions Definitions dialog double click an entry to open the Position Edit dialog. In the Reference field select the Absolute Position option, see Define the Reference (page 36). 2. 3. Select the appropriate coordinate type from the drop-down box:

The options are described below. 4. Enter the coordinate values. 5. Click Apply to complete the position definition. The absolute coordinate type is defined by two parameters: the Datum, e.g. WGS84 and the coordinate format, e.g. Geo = geographic. The following Datums are supported:

Datum WGS84 Description World Geodetic System of 1984. It is the reference frame used by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD). WGS84 is the default standard datum for coordinates stored in GPS units. European Datum. Used in much of Western Europe apart from Great Britain, Ireland, Sweden and Switzerland, which have their own Datums. The North American Datum of 1927 (NAD27) is a datum based on the Clarke Ellipsoid of 1866. The Bessel ellipsoid is the geodetic system e.g. for Germany, for Austria or for Czech Republic. Partly also in the successive states of Yugoslavia and some Asian countries (e.g. Sumatra & Borneo, Belitung) or Okinawa (Japan); in Africa e.g. Eritrea and Namibia. Also called the modified Clarke 1880 ellipsoid. Used in R.S.A., Botswana, Zimbabwe. ED50 NAD27 Bessel Cape The following coordinate formats/projections are supported: :

Format/Projection Description Geo The Geographic Coordinates (page 42) consists of three values:

Latitude, Longitude and Altitude. They Latitude, Longitude angles define a point on the specified ellipsoid model (datum). The unit is degrees. UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 37 System Alignment & Calibration Format/Projection Description UTM The Universal Traverse Mercator projection maps the Latitude and Longitude values to two zone dependent UTM Coordinates (page 43): Northing and Easting. The unit is meter. Note that the UTM projection still relies on a user selected ellipsoid (datum). The altitude is the height above/below the surface of the ellipsoid. The unit is meter. 4.1.2.3 Define a Relative Position To define a relative position:

1. From the Positions Definitions dialog double click an entry to open the Position Edit dialog. In the Reference field select one of the position names, see Define the Reference (page 36). 2. 3. Select the appropriate coordinate type from the drop-down box:

The options are described below. 4. Enter the coordinate values. 5. Click Apply to complete the position definition. The relative coordinate types are:

Relative Position Types Relative XYZ Relative Polar Description The (x,y,z) Cartesian Coordinates (page 40). The (Range, Azimuth, Elevation) Polar Coordinates (page 41). View and Edit Positions in a WRK File After a measurement the currently defined Radar, Local and Launcher positions are saved in the WRK file. They are saved in the following format:

Position Local Radar Launcher Coordinate format Absolute Position, WGS84 Relative to Local, XYZ Relative to Local, XYZ To edit a position stored in a WRK file:

1. Open the WRK file. 2. Right click on the track collection group to get this menu:

Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 4.1.3 38 System Alignment & Calibration 3. Select Coordinate Systems to get:

4. Double click any of the three positions to edit the coordinates. Note that it is not possible to change the Ref. or coordinate format of positions stored in the WRK file. Although the Radar and Launcher positions are stored in the WRK file relative to the Local position they may be modified using e.g. absolute coordinates. To change the Radar position using a new set of WGS84 coordinates:

1. Define a new position entry in the Position Definitions dialog. 2. Enter the new position of the radar in WGS84. 3. Open the Radar WRK-file entry for editing 4. Click the Copy from button and select the entry from step 2 5. Click OK to close the dialog 6. Click Save file to save the new radar position in the WRK file Before saving the updated radar position WinTrack calculates the position relative to the Local position and stores that data set in the WRK file. Note that the coordinate system for the original online track is not available for editing. To edit the online data coordinate system you need to create a New collection and copy the online track to this collection, see Use the Track List (page 166). 4.2 Description The orthogonal right-hand xyz-coordinate system. Coordinate System Conventions WinTrack/WinDopp handles the most commonly used coordinate systems and converts positions and results from one system to another. System Cartesian Coordinates (page 40) Polar Coordinates

(page 41) Geographic Coordinates (page 42) UTM Coordinates

(page 43) The 3-dimensional (spherical) coordinate system using azimuth, elevation and range. The Longitude, Latitude, Altitude representation of a position relative to the Earth. The Northing, Easting, Altitude representation of a position relative to the Earth. UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 39 System Alignment & Calibration 4.2.1 Cartesian Coordinates Cartesian 3-dimensional space, also called xyz-space, has three axes that are mutually perpendicular and cross each other in one point called the origin or Origo. In WinTrack/WinDopp positions or coordinates are determined according to the forward/backward (x), up/down (y), and right/left (z) displacements from the origin. The position of the Origo is (0,0,0). WinTrack/WinDopp internally uses the meter as the unit measure of distance, but most others units are available as well. Axis x y z Orientation Forward/Backward. The x-axis is level and pointing forward. Its pointing is often defined relative to North. Up/Down. The y-axis is pointing up, which is exactly opposite the gravitational force (including the effect from the Earth rotation). Right/Left. Consider your self positioned in the origo of the coordinate system, (0,0,0) and your face pointing forward in the direction of the positive x-axis, then the z-axis is level and points to the right. Notes:

All Cartesian coordinate systems in WinTrack/WinDopp are right hand and with the y-axis pointing up. When the Origo of the coordinate system is the launcher and the x-

axis is pointing towards the target, then a position behind the launcher 40 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 System Alignment & Calibration has a negative x-coordinate. The distance behind the launcher is sometimes called setback and this means that x = -setback. The term offset is often used to describe the distance to the right of the launcher. This value is identical to the z-coordinate, z = offset. Similarly the height above the launcher is identical to the y-coordinate:

y = height. Polar Coordinates (page 41) are an alternative representation of a position in 3-dimensional space. 4.2.2 Polar Coordinates The 3-dimensional (spherical) Polar Coordinates are an alternative to the Cartesian Coordinates (page 40). In WinTrack/WinDopp the relation between the Polar Coordinates and the Cartesian Coordinates is depicted in the figure below:

The center of the system is called the Origo. The azimuth is defined relative to the x-axis and the elevation angle is defined relative to the level plane defined by the x-axis and the z-axis. Parameter Azimuth Elevation Description Angle to the right/left of the x-axis. Angle above/below the level plane, defined by the x- and z-axis. Distance from the Origo (center). Range Notes:

The polar coordinates are useful during calibration, when the line of UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 41 System Alignment & Calibration sight to known fix points is used or during star calibration. While the (x,y,z) coordinates of the Cartesian Coordinates (page 40) are unique for a specific position, many sets of (azimuth, elevation, range) values correspond to the same position. The raw encoder and error angle data captured during a measurement is saved in Polar Coordinates. 4.2.3 Geographic Coordinates The Geographic Coordinates describe the position relative to the rotating Earth. The Latitude describes the North-South position relative to the Equator and the Longitude describes the East-West position relative to the Meridian (typically going through Greenwich, UK). To simplify the description we assume that the Earth is a perfect rotating ball with a constant radius (note that all transformations in WinTrack/WinDopp use the full ellipsoid model). In the simplified case the Geographic Coordinates correspond to a 3-dimensional Polar coordinate system:

In this figure the z-axis is identical to the Earth rotational axis and the Origo coincides with the Earth center. The x-axis passes through Equator and defines the zero Longitude line. The Altitude is defined as the height above/below the surface of the ball (not shown on the figure). Because the Earth is slightly flattened by its rotation, an ellipsoid is a better geometric reference surface than a ball. The gravity field is formed as a result of gravitation and rotation and is not pointing towards the Earth center. One of the advantages of the ellipsoid model is that the gravity field is (almost) perpendicular to the surface of the ellipsoid and the height/Altitude is therefore still the distance from the reference surface. There are many different ellipsoid reference surfaces (also called geodetic reference datums) in use throughout the world providing references for the charting of particular 42 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 4.2.4 System Alignment & Calibration areas. WinTrack/WinDopp supports the most common including: WGS84, ED50, BESSEL

& NAD27. Notes:

The latitude and longitude is entered/displayed either in Degrees, Minutes, Seconds (DMS) or in decimal degrees. To enter in the DMS/HMS format just insert a blank (space) between the three numbers:

E.g. enter 8 5 25.490 to get +00805'25.490''. UTM Coordinates Military maps and a growing number of civilian maps use the UTM projection to provide coordinates for positions relative to the rotating Earth. The advantage of the UTM, Universal Transversal Mercator, projection is that distances and absolute UTM coordinates are easily read from an UTM map. While UTM positions are entered directly in WinTrack/WinDopp, using angles relative to the UTM grid is a little trickier, please refer to Use UTM Grid Angles (page 45). In the UTM system, the world is divided into 60 north-south zones, each covering a strip 6 wide in longitude; see a map of the UTM Zones (page 44). These zones are numbered consecutively beginning with Zone 1, between 180 and 174 west longitude, and progressing eastward to Zone 60, between 174 and 180 east longitude. In each zone, coordinates are measured north and east in meters. (One meter equals 39.37 inches, or slightly more than 1 yard.) The northing values are measured continuously from zero at the Equator, in a northerly direction. To avoid negative numbers for locations south of the Equator, NIMA's cartographers assigned the Equator an arbitrary false northing value of 10,000,000 meters. A central meridian through the middle of each 6 zone is assigned an easting value of 500,000 meters. Grid values to the west of this central meridian are less than 500,000; to the east, more than 500,000. Notes:

Do not mix coordinates from one zone with that in another. If you need to cross zone boundaries, use Geographic Coordinates (page 42). The vertical UTM grid lines are parallel in terms of distance from the central meridian, but they are not pointing towards the geographical North (except for the central meridian). UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 43 System Alignment & Calibration 4.2.4.1 UTM Zones 44 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 4.2.5 System Alignment & Calibration Use UTM Grid Angles Sometimes the angle of sight from the radar to a suitable reference point is only available as an angle relative to the UTM grid. An angle relative to the vertical UTM grid must be converted to an angle relative to Geographic North before it can be used by WinTrack/WinDopp because WinTrack/WinDopp defines the orientation of a coordinate system relative to Geographic North. To convert from UTM grid angle to Geographical North aligned azimuth:

1. Enter the radar position in UTM or Geographical Coordinates, see Define an Absolute Position (page 37). 2. Enter a dummy position with identical UTM Easting and an UTM Northing which is 100m higher. Same method as above. In the Radar Polar coordinate view note the value in the Azim field. This is the pointing of the UTM grid relative to Geographical North. 3. 4. Add the correction value above to the UTM grid angle to get the correct value. The reason for this work around is that the vertical UTM grid lines (with constant Easting) do not point straight towards Geographic North except for the median line of the UTM grid

(the 500km line). Note that lines west of the median point to the left of North on the Northern hemisphere and to the right of North on the Southern hemisphere. 4.2.6 Coordinate System Example The figure below shows how the Local, Radar and Launcher coordinate systems are defined with different positions and orientations. UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 45 System Alignment & Calibration Notes:

The y-axis is always pointing up, opposite the locally defined gravitational force. Due to the curvature of the Earth the y-axis (pointing up) for the Local, Radar and Launcher coordinate systems are not 100% parallel. The x-axis orientation is defined relative to the locally defined direction to geographic North. The three coordinate systems need not be different; e.g. the Local and the Radar coordinate systems may very well be the same. 46 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 4.3 System Alignment & Calibration When positions are recorded in a measurement the Local coordinate system is defined in WGS84 and the Radar and Launcher positions are defined relative to the Local coordinate system IRIG Synchronization WinDopp allows you to synchronize your measurement time with an external IRIG time signal, in case the antenna doesnt have a built-in IRIG/GPS. This can be done in various ways:

Manually prior to each measurement Automatically prior to each measurement Automatically after each ended measurement To use this feature you need to enable the option in Customize. See Set-up IRIG synchronization (page 9). Enabling this feature will expand the Measurement dialog with additional information and options. The additional information is:

Information Status Description Current status Synchronized or Not Synchronized. Status Not Synchronized means that current time difference exceeds 10ms. Latest timestamp Latest received IRIG timestamp. Difference Current time difference between the IRIG time and the internal time on the device. UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 47 System Alignment & Calibration Description The options are:

Option Synchronize Now Press this button to manually synchronize the time. Synchronize at measurement start Synchronize and adjust file-info after each ended measurement Use this option to do automatically time synchronization prior to each measurement. Use this option to do automatically time synchronization after each ended measurement. This option can be a very useful when started measurements dont get trigged before several minutes. Due to internal clock drift in the device, the time may get out-of-synch when the measurement gets trigged even thou the time was synchronized (manually or automatically) prior to the measurement. All recorded timestamps in the measurement will automatically be adjusted with the time difference unless the time difference exceeds 500 ms, then the user will be prompted before any changes are made. Notes:

Supported in W-700i/SL-5xxxP version DOPP 1.51/WOS 2.35 or later. Only support for ORCA GS-101 End of Chapter 48 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 5 5.1 Measurement and Processing Setup Measurement and Processing Setup Radar and Processing Parameters Overview A large set of parameters controls the behavior of the radar during a measurement. These parameters are configured before the measurement. The parameters are organized in a number of categories further described below. To set up the measurement parameters:

1. On the Measurement menu, click Setup. 2. Configure the parameters. 3. Click Close to exit the setup dialog box. The parameters can either be set manually or loaded from a file. UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 49 Measurement and Processing Setup Group Measure Mode Auto Display Output Files Parameters MVR Parameters Processing If you want to Change the type of measurement or Enable/disable the Auto rearm option, see Configure the Measure Mode (page 51). Automatically display a DTI draw and/or a Velocity fit after a single file processing is complete, see Enable/Disable Auto Display

(page 52). Configure the work directory, the session file, how to name the files and which files to save with every data set. See Configure Output File Names (page 53). Configure the radar parameters, see Configure the Radar Parameters (page 54). Configure the muzzle velocity radar parameters. See Select FFT Processing Parameters (page 59). Configure the FFT length and overlap, see Select FFT Processing Parameters (page 59). Configure the V0 (muzzle velocity) processing parameters, see Select V0 Analysis Parameters

(page 61). 50 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 Measurement and Processing Setup Click Advanced Clear Batt. Prediction Coordinates Save / Load If you want to Configure an advanced set of parameters. See notes below. Reset parameters in the unit to factory default, it is always recommended to use this function prior to any measurement if you are uncertain of the parameter settings in the unit. See notes below. Use the prediction tool to estimate the trajectory of the target Configure the coordinate systems. Either save the current configuration or to restore a previous saved configuration. Notes For multiple connected devices the Advanced and Clear Batt buttons only affect the currently selected device. See Setup Multiple Devices (page 8). Multiple Devices In case of multiple connected devices each device will appear as a tab on the right side of the Measurement Setup dialog. Switch between the tabs to change the parameters for each device. Notes Only processing parameters for the first device are used for post-processing. See Select FFT Processing Parameters (page 59) and Select V0 Analysis Parameters

(page 61) for more information. 5.1.1 5.2 Configure the Measure Mode The measure mode controls the type of measurement and whether the radar is rearmed after a measurement has been completed. To configure this group of parameters see Radar and Processing Parameters Overview (page 49). UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 51 Measurement and Processing Setup Notes Select Single if there is only one trigger event per measurement. Select Burst if there are several trigger events per measurement. The Burst setup becomes available when burst has been selected. To configure these parameters see Configure the Burst Parameters (page 58). Use Auto rearm to prepare the system for the next trigger when a measurement is complete. Choose a Delay between the measurements, if required. 5.3 Enable/Disable Auto Display Enable the auto display options to display the DTI and/or the Velocity fit automatically after the processing of a single DAT file is completed. To configure this group of parameters see Radar and Processing Parameters Overview (page 49). Select DTI draw Black & White Area Velocity fit If you want to Automatically draw a DTI plot of the measured signal after the measurement is completed. Choose to show the DTI as Black & White instead of colors. Choose what area of the DTI to show. Automatically calculate the muzzle velocity based on the measured velocities. The algorithm uses a polynomial fit to extrapolate the measured velocity points back to the launch time. Notes The DTI plot is an important tool for detecting errors in the measurement set-up. If Auto rearm has not been selected, see Configure the Measure Mode (page 51), and no valid signal has been found during processing, the DTI plot will automatically be drawn. The velocity fit algorithm takes the parallax into account; therefore these parameters 52 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 5.4 must be configured before the first measurement. Measurement and Processing Setup Configure Output File Names Configure the work directory, the session file, how to name the files and which files to save with every data set. To configure this group of parameters see Radar and Processing Parameters Overview (page 49). Select/Configure Work directory Sessions Filename layout Create file folders Work file (.wrk) Track file (.trk) DTI data file (.wfd) Export track data

= The measurement date: YYMMDD.

= The measurement time: HHMMSS.

= The Julian data: YDDD.

= The four digit measurement number /

mission number.

= The antenna serial no.

= The device index (see note below). If you want to Specify which directory to use for the measurement results. Specify the active session. Configure the filename structure and how it is updated between measurements:

Create a separate folder for each measurement. Save the WRK file for each measurement. Save the TRK file for each measurement. Save the WFD file for each measurement. Export track data for each measurement. Use the Export Settings button to configure the exporting. Notes The session file will always hold the muzzle velocity result as well as a number of other parameters related to the measurement, even if none of the intermediate results files are saved. Files saved or generated during a measurement will be placed in the same directory UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 53 Measurement and Processing Setup as the session file. If Create file folder(s) has been selected, these will also be placed in this directory. In other words, the session file controls where the data is being stored. This makes it easier to move or store data on another media. The Device index available in the Filename layout defines the index/order in which each device (radar/antenna) has been set up in the Communication Setup dialog (see Set-up Communications (page 7)). 1st device, 2nd device, etc. Configure the Radar Parameters Configure the radar parameters. To configure this group of parameters see Radar and Processing Parameters Overview (page 49). 5.5 To configure the General parameters:

Select/Configure Maximum velocity Tracking time Reference time If you want to Control the sampling rate used in the radar. The maximum velocity value should exceed any radial velocity observed by the radar throughout the measurement. Specify the time to measure the velocity. Adjust the time difference between trigger mark and muzzle exit. To configure the Trigger parameters:

54 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 Measurement and Processing Setup Select/Configure Source Level Delay If you want to Select one of the following options:

External: e.g. a flash or optical detector. CH1 (Radar): Doppler signal. Mic. (SL-520M): Internal microphone. Configure the trigger level. Specify the time to start measuring after trigger mark. Save pre-trigger data Save data from before trigger mark (only available if Delay are below zero) To configure the Antenna data parameters:

Select/Configure Type Power mode Frequency Azimuth Elevation Offset Setback Height If you want to Specify the antenna connected to the analyzer

(See note below). Change the antenna power mode (when to turn the antenna power on). Select one of the following options:

On Trigger: When accepted a trigger. On Measure: When starting a measurement. Always On: When the system is turned on.

(See note below) Specify the transmitting frequency of the antenna. Specify the antenna beam azimuth angle relative to the launcher azimuth pointing angle. Specify the antenna beam elevation angle, see Height, Offset and Setback (page 57). Specify the antenna position to the side of the muzzle. The distance is measured perpendicular from the launcher pointing line. See Height, Offset and Setback (page 57). Specify the antenna position from the muzzle or trunnion point. The distance is measured parallel to the launcher pointing line and is positive behind the launcher. See Height, Offset and Setback (page 57). Specify the antenna position over the muzzle or the trunnion point. See Height, Offset and Setback (page 57). To configure the Mission parameters:

UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 55 Measurement and Processing Setup Select/Configure ID Number Object weight Object diameter If you want to Specify a text that describes the mission in a few words (max. 32 char). Specify the initial round number for the next measurement. The number will automatically be incremented by one when a measurement has been trigged. Specify the object weight in grams. This value is used for drag calculation. Specify the object diameter in mm. The value is for drag calculation To configure the Launcher data parameters:

Select/Configure Azimuth If you want to Specify the launcher pointing angle relative to the selected coordinate system. The value is used for drag calculation if wind data is available. Specify the launcher elevation angle. The value is used for drag calculation. Furthermore, it is used by the parallax compensation when this is calculated from the trunnion point (Barrel length

> 0), see Height, Offset and Setback (page 57). Specify the length of the barrel in meter. Used for parallax compensation together with antenna Setback, Offset, Height and launcher Elevation. see Height, Offset and Setback (page 57). Specific the diameter of the barrel. Specify the altitude of the launcher position over sea level. Specify the air temperature (C) at the launcher. Used by the drag calculation. Elevation Barrel length Barrel diameter Launcher altitude Air temperature Notes Specifying a Maximum velocity value thats too low leads to loss of data. Specifying a Maximum velocity value thats too high leads to reduced measuring time or excessive data file size. Use the prediction tool to estimate the trajectory of the target including the radial velocity. See Predict the Trajectory (page 23). The Type of the antenna is usually detected by the analyzer and displayed as antenna model, serial number and software version. For systems with a non-intelligent antenna, the type has to be specified manually using the drop-down box. In order to record data when using a negative trigger delay. The Power mode should be set to either On Measure or Always On. To get the best performance of the system, the Elevation of the antenna should have a lower setting than the launcher. This way the object will stay in the beam for a longer period. 56 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 5.5.1 Measurement and Processing Setup The sign of the antenna Offset is only used when adjusting angles. Then, a positive offset means that the antenna is to the right of the muzzle. Height, Offset and Setback The three antenna data parameters Height, Offset and Setback are used by the parallax compensation routine to compensate for the antenna position. The definition of these parameters depends on the Barrel length as described below. In the first situation the Barrel length is set to zero and the position of the radar relative to the muzzle is entered directly in the Parameters dialog:

UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 57 Measurement and Processing Setup In the second situation the Barrel length of the launcher data is set to a positive value. In this case the operator enters the coordinates relative to the trunnion point of the launcher. WinDopp then automatically calculates the radar location relative to the muzzle. 5.6 Configure the Burst Parameters The Burst Parameters located in the Burst Setup dialog defines how the system records a burst measurement. To configure this group of parameters see Radar and Processing Parameters Overview (page 49). Select/Configure Segment size Segment number Max cadence If you want to Change the size of the data segments. The number specifies how many results/samples each segment will consist of. Change the total number of data segments. Change the maximum cadence for burst rounds. 58 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 Measurement and Processing Setup Select/Configure Burst timeout Trigger holdoff If you want to Specify how long time the system should wait for a new trigger (time between rounds). The system automatically stops when the limit has been reached. Specify the minimum time between trigger events. Click on the Calculator button to show the calculator:

Configure Max Vel. RPM Num Rounds Description Choose the Maximum Velocity Choose the RPM (Rounds Per Minute) Change the maximum number of rounds Press the Transfer Values button to accept the calculated values. Notes Increasing the Segment size decreases the maximum number of segments, since Segment number multiplied by Segment size cannot be great than the size of memory the analyzer has available. Trigger holdoff is used to discard false trigger events. These events could be reflections from the shockwave that trigged the system in the first place. 5.7 Select FFT Processing Parameters The Process parameters define how the Doppler signal is analyzed using FFTs for spectral analysis. To configure this group of parameters see Radar and Processing Parameters Overview (page 49). UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 59 Measurement and Processing Setup Select FFT points FFT Segments Parameters Overlap [%]

FFT Start [s]

FFT End [s]

Min. Velocity [m/s]

If you want to Directly specify the FFT length. Define variable FFT size segments. See Define Variable FFT Size Segments (page 99). Use the checkbox to enable or disable. When enabled the FFT Segment button will become red. Choose a pre-defined set of parameters. See Select a Predefined Set of MOT Parameters

(page 113) for a lists of pre-defined set of parameters. Specify the overlap between two consecutive FFTs. E.g. 50% overlap increases the number of FFTs by a factor of two. Specify the time of the first sample of the first FFT. Specify the time of the last sample of the last FFT. Specify the minimum velocity. Set this to blank to use default. Notes The Tobs parameter is calculated as the number of FFT points divided by the sampling rate. The sampling rate is defined by the antenna frequency and the current maximum velocity. Increasing the Overlap provides better utilization of the data, when using window weighting. Exceeding 50% overlap will only result in a marginal improvement and may cost a lot of processing time. Choosing a negative overlap means that some of the measurement data is excluded from the processing. This is only done to save processing time. For more information about the relation between overlap and Tobs, please refer to Configure the FFT Parameters (page 98). Use FFT Start and FFT End to select the part of the recorded signal to be analyzed. Data outside this interval is not included in any FFT. The time is specified relative to the trigger. Only processing parameters defined for the first device will be used for post-

processing. Processing parameters for all other connected devices will only be used for finalizing new measurements measured on the particular device (and the Auto Calculation option has been checked, see Select V0 Analysis Parameters (page 61)). 60 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 5.8 Measurement and Processing Setup Select V0 Analysis Parameters The V0 analysis parameters controls the algorithm responsible for calculating the muzzle velocity based on the measured velocity points. To configure this group of parameters see Radar and Processing Parameters Overview (page 49). Select Parallax adjust Mode Fit order Time limit Exclusion level Semi tolerance Tobs (Sliding) Auto Calculation If you want to Correct velocity data according to the offset and setback of the radar relative to the launcher. Select one of the modes, see below. Specify the velocity fit order used by the Manually and the Semi auto V0 analysis Mode. Enable and configure Time limit to specify the maximum amount (time) of data to base the V0 analysis on (See note below). Specify the minimum S/N ratio level for velocity points. The value is used by Manually and Semi auto V0 analysis Mode. Specify the highest tolerance of the velocity fit used by Semi auto V0 analysis Mode. Specify the length of the sliding fit. Only in use when V0 analysis Mode is Sliding. Enable or disable Auto Calculation. When enabled, the muzzle velocity will automatically be calculated after each measurement. To configure the V0 mode:

Select Manual Semi auto Description The S/N ratio of each velocity point is compared to the Exclusion level. Points with a too low S/N ratio are excluded. The selected Fit order is used for Muzzle calculation. Executes the manually procedure. The remaining points are excluded one at a time until the tolerance of the total velocity fit meets the tolerance specified by Semi tolerance. UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 61 Measurement and Processing Setup Select Auto Sliding Description First a 4. order semi auto procedure is executed. All points either with a bad S/N ratio or points far away from the fit are excluded. Secondly, a 2. order velocity fit is made. If the tolerance is worse than the tolerance accomplished by the 4. order semi auto procedure, the measurement base is too long and points are removed from the end until the tolerance is coming close to the tolerance reference. Finally, the procedure checks whether a 1. order fit is more suitable than the 2. order fit. This is done by comparing the tolerances for each fit type. If the tolerance for the 1. order fit is lower or equal to the tolerance for the 2. order fit, the 1. order fit is selected otherwise the 2. order fit is selected (See note below). Executes the manually procedure. Instead of using a total velocity fit for Muzzle calculation, a shorter sliding fit is used. The length of the fit is specified by Tobs (Sliding). Using the sliding fit will result in a more smooth velocity fit which is more suitable for drag calculation. Notes If the Mode of the V0 analysis is set to Auto and the time of processing is taking several minutes, typically when having seconds of data, it is recommended to enable the Time limit processing limitation. Then the V0 analysis does not have to waste time going through data that have no effect on the muzzle result. When doing series of measurements with limited amount of time between each round the Auto Calculation should be disabled. This will reduce the time used for a measurement-cycle. The disadvantage is that the muzzle result can not continually be confirmed. The Tolerance is based on a standard Deviation of the point difference between points and fit relative to the average velocity Only processing parameters defined for the first device will be used for post-

processing. Processing parameters for all other connected devices will only be used for finalizing new measurements measured on the particular device (and the Auto Calculation option has been checked). 62 End of Chapter Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 6 6.1 Muzzle Velocity Measurement Muzzle Velocity Measurement Measurement Control Overview When the radar is ready for measurements, see Radar and Processing Parameters Overview (page 49), next step is to perform the measurement. To start a measurement:

1. On the Measurement menu, click Start Measurement. Alternatively hit Ctrl+m. This will open the Measurement Control dialog:

Double-click on the title bar to minimize the dialog. 2. Press the Arm System to enter the Wait for trigger mode. This will arm all connected devices (radar/antennas). The color of the background will change from blue to red, the time in the upper right corner starts to blink and a beep sound will occur every second indicating that the system is armed. The following buttons will be enabled:

Manually trigger the measurement. This will trig all connected devise (radar/antennas). Manually abort the measurement. This button will appear as soon as the measurement has been started. 3. When the measurement is triggered and completed the data is automatically transferred and stored in a DAT file at a specified location, see Configure Output File Names (page 53). Press Abort or Ctrl+q to cancel the current transfer. UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 63 Muzzle Velocity Measurement 4. Finally the data is analyzed and the results are displayed, see Enable/Disable Auto Display (page 52) and Measurement Results (page 64). Notes The measurement is automatically added to current session. Measurements results from multiple connected devices will all be added to the current session. If automatic rearm is selected, see Configure the Measure Mode (page 51), the results are added to the session and the system returns to step 2 above and waits for the next trigger. No graphs are displayed between measurements. Data will be saved and analyzed as soon as each device has finished its measurement. 6.2 Measurement Results When the measurement is complete and the automatic display option is enabled, see Enable/Disable Auto Display (page 52), the following screen appears:

This screen contains three windows:

64 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 Window VTI Plot Work File Session Muzzle Velocity Measurement Description The Velocity-Time-Intensity plot is the result of the DAT file processing providing a graphical presentation of the raw FFT output. The result of the MOT processing is showed as green dots on top of the VTI are the result. To configure the VTI graph, see Draw a QDTI/DTI Plot (page 103). The work file view presents the radar velocity points (same as in the VTI), the launcher velocity points (parallax compensated), and the polynomial fitted to the launcher velocity points. To configure the work file view or manually edit the data set graphically, see Open a WRK file

(page 163). The session manager shows the final results from the new measurement. Results from multiple devices will be identified by its filename (depending on the filename layout, see Configure Output File Names (page 53)), and the device name for each result will be shown in the Session Manager (in case the Show Device field option has been enabled, see Customize the Session Manager Layout (page 70)). Notes The time axes of the two graph windows may not be aligned. To manually control the DAT file processing, see Open a DAT File (page 91) or Use the Session Manager (page 68). To manually control the WRK file processing, see Open a WRK File (page 163) or Use the Session Manager (page 68). Result windows from multiple devices will be tiled horizontal (or cascaded if there isnt enough screen space available). Tiled Cascaded End of Chapter UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 65 Session Management 7 Session Management 7.1 Session Manager Overview A session is a set of individual measurements organized by the session manager. It is up to the user to decide how measurements are assigned to a session. A typical session comprises a series of consecutive measurements made under identical conditions. To activate the session manager do one of the following:

On the Measurement menu, click Session Manager On the File menu, click Open. Select a session file (extension SES). Hit F8. Perform a measurement. The following window appears. 66 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 Session Management Each row represents one of the measurements assigned to this session. To perform an action on one or more of the items, see Use the Session Manager (page 68). The columns display information for each measurement. The default layout has the following fields:

Field Filename Description The filename associated with the measurement. All files generated for this measurement will be using this filename but with various extensions. See Configure Output File Names (page 53) for files generated when measuring/re-processing. See Export / Print Data (page 74) for files generated when exporting data. If the Show Device field option is enabled (see Customize the Session Manager Layout (page 70)) the name of the device used for the measurement will be appended the filename. This is the measurement number (Mission number) generated by the analyzer at the time the measurement was trigged. See Configure the Radar Parameters (page 54) for setting this parameter. The date when the measurement was made, format: YYMMDD The time of the day when the measurement was made, format: HH:MM:SS. For burst rounds the format is extended to display milliseconds. Calculated muzzle velocity and accuracy. The mean S/N ratio based on the velocity points used for the muzzle velocity calculation. The number of points the muzzle velocity was based on. The order of the velocity fit the muzzle velocity was based on. The order is an output of the V0 analysis, see Select V0 Analysis Parameters

(page 61). The overlap used for FFT processing, See Select FFT Processing Parameters (page 59). Comment line of the measurement. It is possible to write notes for each measurement as a single line of text, see Use the Session Manager (page 68). If the velocity processing fails, the text Velocity processing failed will automatically be shown. When adding DAT files to the session these will be commented not processed. In this case the text Not processed will be shown. The right most column of the Session manager is used for statistics. A green dot indicates that a specific measurement is included in the statistics, see Statistics Overview (page 71). Round Date Time Muzz. Vel. (m/s) Mean S/N Used points Order Overlap (%) Comment Statistics UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 67 Session Management When the Burst layout has been selected the following fields will be displayed in combination with most of the fields from the default layout. Field Result time Time diff Cadence Description The time since the first trigger event. Time difference between each round. The calculated cadence. Naturally this is not calculated for the first round in a burst measurement. Notes Measurements from multiple connected devices will all be added to the same session. 7.1.1 Use the Session Manager To process one or more measurements:

1. Open the session, see Session Manager Overview (page 66). 2. Select one or more items from the list. 3. Select the Session menu item or Right click the Session Manager to get the following menu:

4. Select the menu item, see below. 68 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 Session Management Use New Open DAT file Open TRK file Open WRK file If you want to Make a new session. To add to the session see Add or Remove Measurements from a Session (page 69). Load the DAT file associated with the selected measurement and activate the DAT file process window. See Open a DAT file (page 91). Load the TRK file associated with the selected measurement. Load the WRK file associated with the selected measurement and activate the WRK file process window. See Open a WRK file (page 163). Process the selected measurements. Process all measurements in the session. selected measurements. Change the comment line of the measurement. Delete the selected measurements from the session. The measurement files are not deleted, only the entry in the session file. See Configure Statistics (page 72). Export data to file. See Export / Print Data (page 74). Print data. See Export / Print Data (page 74). Process Process all Update Session Data Update session data without having to reprocess Enter comment Delete Statistics Export Print Notes When processing the settings from the current Radar and Processing Setup window is used, see Radar and Processing Parameters Overview (page 49). 7.1.2 Add or Remove Measurements from a Session When a measurement is complete it is assigned to the session selected in the Measurement Setup window, see Radar and Processing Parameters Overview (page 49). To add measurements to a session:

1. Open the session, see Session Manager Overview (page 66). 2. On the File menu, click Open. 3. On the Files of type pull-down menu select DAT files. 4. Select one or more file from the directory. 5. Click Open to get the following window:

UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 69 Session Management 6. Click Yes to add one file at a time or Yes to All to add all selected files to the session. Note that all new measurements have the comment Not Processed. To process the measurements see Use the Session Manager (page 68). To remove one or more measurements from a session:

1. Open the session, see Session Manager Overview (page 66). 2. Select one or more items from the list. 3. Hit Delete to delete the items from the list. 4. Click Yes to confirm. 7.2 Customize the Session Manager Layout The Session Manager allows the user to customize the layout. Only one custom-layout can be saved. To change the layout:

1. Open the Session Manager, see Session Manager Overview (page 66). 2. Either select the Session menu item and locate the Layout submenu or Right click the column header in the Session Manager to get the following menu:

3. Select Auto Adjust Column Widths to reset all columns to fit the width of the Session Manager window. 4. Toggle the Show Device field to show or hide the device name in the Filename field. This option is only enabled for Default and Burst layout. 5. Select the menu item in accordance with the type of results the Session Manager should display for each round. Default and Burst are predefined 70 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 layouts. 6. Select Custom to define your own layout:

Session Management 7. Add or remove results from the left pane to customize the layout. Select predefined results in the right pane or create your own type of results. 8. Click Add Calc to Define a New Type of Results (page 71). The results presented in a customized layout can be exported to a text file, see Export /

Print Data (page 74). 7.2.1 Define a New Type of Results Use the Calculator Function to customize the results presented in the session manager. To activate the calculator function see Customize the Session Manager Layout (page 70). The new type of result is defined by a parameter type, e.g. Velocity, and a trajectory condition, e.g. that the target is at a Distance of 15 m. Choose the at last valid data point option to extract results from the time of the last valid data point. Click OK to add the new type of result to the session view. 7.3 Statistics Overview WinDopp calculates statistics on the measurements as they are made or when the results are reviewed at a later stage. This feature is useful when a first view of the results is wanted during the measurement. To show statistics:

UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 71 Session Management 1. On the Measurement menu, click Show statistics. The following window appears:

The window stays visible until closed. Notes A green dot in the right most column of the Session manager indicates that a specific measurement is included in the statistics. 7.3.1 Configure Statistics The statistics feature performs both manual and automatic selection of the measurements to be included. To configure statistics:

1. Open the session, see Session Manager Overview (page 66). 2. Select one or more items from the list. 3. Right click to get the main options menu. 4. Select the Statistics item to get the following options:

5. Select Setup to get the following window:

Configure Mode If you want to Control how measurements are included in the statistics, see below. 72 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 7.3.2 Session Management Configure Number of rounds Auto mode Delta time (s) Delta velocity (%) If you want to Set the maximum number of measurements to be included in the statistics. Select one of the auto modes, see Select Statistics Mode (page 73). Configure a parameter used in the Auto mode, see Select Statistics Mode (page 73). Configure a parameter used in the Auto mode, see Select Statistics Mode (page 73). Select Statistics Mode To select the statistics mode, see Configure Statistics. The Mode controls how measurements are included/excluded from the statistics:

Select Mode Manually Last N If you want to Add/remove measurements manually. Include the last N measurements, where N is specified as the Number of Rounds. Use the automatic selection mode, see below. Auto The Auto mode controls how measurements are automatically included/excluded from the statistics. Use Auto Mode Time If you want to Include measurements that were recorded less than Delta time after the last measurement. Include measurements that deviate less than Delta Velocity from the current average. Include measurements that meet both of the above criteria. Vel Time+Vel Notes When the Last N or the Auto mode is selected, the Add and Remove options are disabled from the session manager. 7.3.3 Add or Remove Measurements from the Statistics When the Manually mode is selected, see Configure Statistics (page 72), the user chooses which measurements are included/excluded from the statistics. To include or remove measurements:

UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 73 Session Management Use Spacebar Backspace If you want to Include the selected measurements in the statistics. Remove the selected measurements from the statistics. 7.4 Export / Print Data Specific measurement data or summary data covering a complete session is easily exported to a text file or sent to a printer, made for ASCII reading. To export data:

1. Open the session, see Session Manager Overview (page 66). 2. Select one or more items from the list. 3. Right click to get the main options menu. 4. Select the Export or Print item to get the following options:

5. Select the item from the list. While the first two items generate separate files/printouts for each measurement the last three items generate one summary file/printout for the complete session. Generate Result file Drag file Muzz. results If you want to This contains all velocity points for the measurement. Each point is described by: Point number, time, velocity, distance, acceleration, retardation, S/N ratio and a mark showing if the point was used for calculating the muzzle result. This contains all drag results for the measurement. Each point is described by: Point number, time, velocity [m/s], velocity [mach], elevation angle, aspect angle, X-distance, Y-

height, slant range, drag coefficient, S/N ratio and a mark showing if the point was used for calculating the muzzle result. This contains all muzzle velocity results for the session. Each round is described by: round number, date, time, velocity, acceleration, retardation, number of points used, fit order, FFT process overlap, accuracy of the muzzle, mean S/N ratio. 74 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 Session Management Generate Burst results All session data If you want to This contains all burst results for the session. Each round is described by: round number, result time, time difference, cadence, muzzle velocity, accuracy of the muzzle, mean S/N ratio. Thiscontains all data available for each measurement. The file has the same structure as the Muzz result file but more data has been added. Notes The results added to a custom session manager layout are included in Muzz. results, Burst results and All session data. All types of export will include statistics from the measurement. End of Chapter UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 75 8 8.1 8.2 Diagnostics Diagnostics Diagnostics Overview The Diagnostics Window provides information about the current status of the radar system, modules and subsystems. The information is organized in a hierarchical structure to facilitate easy access to both high level system readiness information as well as detailed information about the operation of a particular subsystem. To start working with diagnostics see Enter the Diagnostics Screen (page 77). Enter the Diagnostics Screen To enter the diagnostics screen:

1. On the Measurement menu, click Diagnostics to bring up the Diagnostics Summary window:

The left side of the window provides access to the diagnostics information for each connected device. The right side of the window shows the Antenna Diagnostics (page 78) overview. UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 77 Diagnostics 8.3 Notes Pressing F7 will also open the Diagnostics window. Antenna Diagnostics The Antenna diagnostics section, give the user a quick overall status of the antenna. Various red and green lights indicates if there are problems in some of the antenna sub systems. The Antenna diagnostics is divided into the following sections:

Section Antenna Properties

(page 79) Description Detailed information about the antenna and push buttons to load software and configuration files to the antenna microcontrollers. Overall antenna status display. Overall Status (page 79) Temperature Power Supply Amplifiers GPS OneWire Info Detailed temperature status display. See Temperature Diagnostics (page 79). Detailed voltage status display. See Power Supply Diagnostics (page 80). Detailed amplifier status display. See Amplifier Diagnostics (page 81). Detailed GPS status display. See GPS Diagnostics (page 81). Detailed OneWire information. See OneWire Diagnostics (page 82). Notes Depending on the antenna type some of the sections might not be shown. 78 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 8.3.1 8.3.2 Diagnostics Antenna Properties The following options are available when configuring the antenna:

Click/Enable Load Ant Sw If you want to Load software to the main antenna controller The antenna properties are stored internally in the antenna. When WinDopp is connected this information is read and displayed in the following fields:

Field Antenna Type Serial Number Software version Hardware version Content Name of the antenna Serial number of the antenna Version of the main antenna controller software Version of the main antenna controller hardware Overall Status The overall status display shows the overall status as red or green lights. Indicator Temperature Content Green: If all temperatures are within the allowed limits and reports status OK. Red: If one or more temperature reports status different from OK (see Temperature Diagnostics

(page 79)) Green: If all voltages are within the allowed limits and reports status OK. Red: If one or more voltages reports status different from OK (see Power Supply Diagnostics

(page 80)) Green: If GPS reports status OK. Red: If GPS reports status different from OK (see GPS Diagnostics (page 81)) Power Supply GPS 8.4 Temperature Diagnostics The temperature panel contains a list of temperature sensors inside the antenna. UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 79 Diagnostics Notes Number of sensors depends on the antenna type. 8.5 Power Supply Diagnostics The power supply panel contains a list of voltage sensors inside the antenna. Notes Number of sensors depends on the antenna type. 80 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 8.6 Diagnostics Amplifier Diagnostics The amplifiers panel contains a list of amplifiers inside the antenna and their current status. Notes Number of amplifiers depends on the antenna type. 8.7 GPS Diagnostics The GPS panel contains the current GPS status and time information received by the GPS. The following information is available UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 81 Diagnostics Field Status Info Content Current GPS status. See below for further information. Current GPS time information. The Status field can have one of the following statuses:

Status Connected Disconnected Description GPS is connected and locked to satellite signals. GPS is disconnected and isnt properly locked to satellite signals. GPS reports an internal error. GPS is disabled. Error Idle 8.8 OneWire Diagnostics The OneWire diagnostic panel contains a list of available OneWire information. Notes Number of information depends on the antenna type. End of Chapter 82 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 9 9.1 9.2 Self-Verification Self-Verification Self-Verification Overview The WinDopp application provides features for performing self-verification tests. These tests will perform a series of hardware and software tests to verify that the system is fully operational without any errors. The self-verification test can be started manually through menus - or by enabling an automated startup/connect check that will warn the user if a new self-verification test is needed. To start working with self-verification tests see Perform a Self-Verification Test (page 87). For more information regarding automated startup/connect check see Automated Self-

Verification Test (page 89). Self-Verification Tests The self-verification test performs the following tests:

Test Communication Tests the general antenna Scope communication. Amplifier Tests that all amplifiers is working. Voltage Tests the antenna internal power supply voltages. Temperature Tests the antenna internal temperatures What is checked The replies from several commands send to the antenna. Each amplifier is checked while the antenna shortly transmits. Voltage levels supplied from the antenna internal power supply Temperatures from ADC, IO and CPU boards Oscillator Tests the oscillator is working That the oscillator frequency is locked Pass criteria Expected replies. All amplifiers transmit and report no error. That all voltages are within the allowed limits That the temperatures are within the allowed limits The oscillator reports correct lock status UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 83 Self-Verification 9.2.1 Test Antenna Gain Scope Tests the antenna gain. What is checked Antenna gain is changed during a short measurement. Pass criteria At least 20 dB in difference. Communication Test The communication test verifies that the general communication to the antenna is fully functional. This is achieved by sending commands to the antenna that have known expected replies. An error in the communication test will result in the following statement:

Error Statement Cant communicate with device Error Details The antenna has return a non-valid response to the commands sent from the IC-700 Possible Cause A disconnection between antenna and IC-700 may have occurred. Verify all cables are still connected. Verify that PS-200 is still on 9.2.2 Amplifier Test The amplifier test verifies that all antenna amplifiers are functioning. This is achieved by turning on each amplifier and having them report no errors to the antenna. Possible errors reported from the amplifier test in the self-verification test are:

Error Statement Amplifier #xxx reports and error! (status:

yyy). xxx: amplifier id yyy: return value Error Details Upon startup one of the amplifier has return an error code (return value) instead of an OK signal. Possible Cause & Solution 9.2.3 84 Voltage Test The voltage test verifies that all internal antenna voltages are within the allowed limits for normal antenna operation. This is achieved by verifying that the measured voltages on the internal antenna boards are within the allowed limits. Possible errors reported from the voltage test in the self-verification test are:

Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 Error Statement 1.2V is out of limits

(1.14-1.26) : x.xx Error Details The measured voltage is outside of allowable limit. x.xx is measured voltage Self-Verification Possible Cause & Solution Issue is most likely hardware related. If system is running check the voltages that can be viewed in the diagnostics part of WinDopp Contact Weibel and report any voltages that are outside of the specified limits. As above 1.5V is out of limits

(1.40-1.60) : x.xx 1.8V is out of limits

(1.70-1.90) : x.xx 2.5V is out of limits

(2.38-2.62) : x.xx 3.3V is out of limits

(3.14-3.45) : x.xx 5.0V is out of limits

(4.50-5.50) : x.xx As above As above As above As above As above As above As above As above As above 9.2.4 Temperature Test The temperature test verifies that all internal antenna temperatures are within the allowed limits for normal antenna operation. This is achieved by verifying that the measured temperatures on the internal antenna boards are within the allowed limits. Error Details The measured temperature is outside of allowable limit. x.xx is measured temperature Possible errors reported from the temperature test in the self-verification test are:

Error Statement Possible Cause & Solution ADC If the system is running within the Temperature is operational temperatures; issue is out of limits most likely hardware related.

(-40 - +80): x.xx If system is running check the temperatures that can be viewed in the diagnostics part of WinDopp Contact Weibel and report any temperatures that are outside of the specified limits As above As above IO Temperature is out of limits

(-40 - +80): x.xx UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 85 Self-Verification Error Details As above Possible Cause & Solution As above As above As above As above As above Error Statement CPU1 Temperature is out of limits

(-40 - +80): x.xx CPU2 Temperature is out of limits

(-40 - +80): x.xx CPU3 Temperature is out of limits

(-40 - +80): x.xx 9.2.5 Oscillator Test The oscillator test verifies that the internal antenna oscillator is locked to its targeted frequency. Possible errors reported from the oscillator test in the self-verification test are:

Error Statement Oscillator not locked Possible Cause &Solution The antenna will still be functional with the oscillator out of lock. Error Details Oscillator has failed to report a successful lock status to the IC-700 9.2.6 Antenna Gain Test The antenna gain test verifies that the gain for the internal antenna amplifiers is within the allowed limits for normal antenna operation. This is achieved by verifying that the difference in noise background with the amplifiers on and off is greater than allowed limit for normal antenna operation. Error Details No data was available in the antenna memory Possible errors reported from the amplifier gain test in the self-verification test are:

Possible Cause & Solution Error Statement No valid Firmware or antenna hardware measurement related was recorded Verify that the antenna can perform a normal measurement Antenna did not send data although it was available IC-700 is out of hard-drive space Verify that the antenna can perform a normal measurement Data could not be transferred from antenna to IC-700 Cant save measurement data from device 86 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 Self-Verification Possible Cause & Solution Data transfer was faulty Redo the self-verification test and verify the error is persistent Verify that the antenna can perform a normal measurement Perform a normal measurement and open the DAT file menu Make a diagnostic noise spectrum processing Verify that this processing is possible. Pay attention to any sources of RF noise in the vicinity of the Radar and also any sources of reflection that could cause the background noise to increase. As above As above Error Statement Cant process the measurement file Error Details Data sent from the antenna is invalid Cant calculate average spectrum Data is valid but average spectrum calculation was not possible Too low dB difference: XX dB (min: YY dB) Too low dB difference: XX dB (min: YY dB) for channel #1

(I channel) Too low dB difference: XX dB (min: YY dB) for channel #2

(Q channel) Average gain difference between amplifier states XX: Gain difference YY: Required gain limit Average gain difference (I-

Channel only) between amplifier states XX: Gain difference YY: Required gain limit Average gain difference

(Q-Channel only) between amplifier states XX: Gain difference YY: Required gain limit 9.3 Perform a Self-Verification Test To perform a self-verification test do one of the following:

1. On the Measurement menu, click Self-Verification to bring up this confirmation window:

2. Or by accepting to start a new self-verification test due to a previous expired self-verification test, or due to newly connected devices. See Automated Self-Verification Test (page 89). UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 87 Self-Verification Be advised, a self-verification test will turn on the antenna power periodically during the tests. Make sure no one is near the antenna during the tests!

Starting a self-verification will warn the user with the following dialog:

Press OK to start the test. This will bring up the self-verification dialog showing the current progress:

Press Abort to abort the self-verification tests. When all tests are done the user will be informed. In case of any errors found during the test, the self-verification will stop any further tests and will inform the user with a short message describing the error. Example:

In the above example, one of the amplifiers in the antenna has failed the test. To get a more detailed diagnose regarding the actual problem use WinDopps Diagnostic tool, see Enter the Diagnostics Screen (page 77). Notes All windows in WinDopp will be closed during the self-verification 88 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 9.4 test. Self-Verification When connected to multiple devices the self-verification will test each device individually. Automated Self-Verification Test A self-verification check can be enabled to be performed at WinDopp startup and when WinDopp connects to one or more devices. To enable this check, see Customize Self-Verification (page 19). The self-verification check will check the validity of the previous performed self-verification test, if any. In case it detects its no longer valid the user will be prompted to perform a new self-verification test. The following scenarios will cause the self-verification check to warn the user:

1. No previous self-verification tests have been performed. 2. Previous self-verification test has expired. 3. WinDopp have been connected to new devices. Press Yes to start a new self-verification test. See Perform a Self-Verification Test (page 87) for more information. Notes To setup the expire time for a self-verification test, see Customize Self-Verification (page 19). End of Chapter UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 89 DAT File Processing 10 DAT File Processing 10.1 Introduction The Doppler data from the measurement is saved in the DAT file and WinTrack/WinDopp provides a number of tools for viewing and further processing of the raw measurement data. DAT file processing finds the frequency components of the received signal and provides the operator with various graphical presentations of the signal. These are important tools for checking the quality of the signal before extracting the track information. The SOT or the MOT processing finds the tracks in the signal and stores them in a WRK file for further processing. Each track consists of a number of measurement points, that are available for further processing, see Open a WRK File (page 163). 10.2 Open a DAT File To open a DAT file:

1. On the File menu, click Open 2. From the file select window choose the DAT file 3. Click Open. The following window appears:

UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 91 DAT File Processing Sub Window DAT file Description Processing Options FFT Setup Provides the date, time, mission # and ID recorded in the DAT file. Click Open WRK to access the associated work file. Click More Info to Access the DAT Info (page 93). Click one of the icons to Select the Processing Algorithm (page 97). View or edit the values to Configure the FFT Parameters (page 98). 92 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 Sub Window IQ-Channels Description DAT File Processing Progress bar Process/Cancel Processing Parameter Set Choose between the real/complex channel modes and select the channels to be processed. Shows the progress of the current processing. Click Process to start the processing. Click Cancel to stop it before it has completed. Allows to load, edit, save and delete pre-defined parameter sets to be used with the selected processing option. Notes A DAT file can also be opened by double-clicking on the file in Windows Explorer or dragging the file from Windows Explorer to the WinTrack window or icon. 10.2.1 Access the DAT Info To activate this window Open a DAT File (page 91), and click the More Info button. Several tabs with information are available. The number of visible tabs depends on the information saved in the file:

UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 93 DAT File Processing Antenna Modes Tab Var. Segment Info. Description List of data segments saved in the file. In case of burst measurements several segments may be saved. Time (Sec) is the start time of the segment

(relative to trigger) Segsize is the size of the segment. Samp Rate. (uS) is the sample rate used. Bitmode (Bits) is the number of bits per sample. Dig. Gain. is the gain of all channels. List of antenna modes saved during measurement (if present in file):

Time is the time of the antenna mode (relative to trigger time). El Open is the elevation opening angle. Az Open is the azimuth opening angle. Power is the power in %. Direction is the direction (going, coming). Rx Gain is the receiver gain. OSC 2 shows the state of the 2nd oscillator. Rg Set is the range set number used. Mission Parameters Mission parameters saved in the file:

Mission ID is the Mission ID/description entered prior to measurement. Launch Date is the date of the measurement. Launch Time is the time of the measurement. 94 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 Tab Time Tag Info DAT File Processing Description List of time tags (if present in file). Time tags are information stamps recorded during measurement

(approx.. 1 per second):

Trig dT is the time of the stamp relative to trigger. IRIG dT is the time of the stamp relative to first sample. Samp1 dT and Samp2 dT is the time of the stamp calculated based on the sample count and sample rate. File dT is the time of the stamp calculated based on the position in the file. IrigFullSec is the full part of the IRIG stamp time. IRIGFracSec is the fractional part of the IRIG stamp time. SampCount1 and SampCount2 is the sample count. FilePos is the actual position in the file. Type is the stamp type (Start, Normal, End, Packet Lost, Unknown) UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 95 DAT File Processing Tab Trigger Information Description The DAT file holds information on trigger events generated during a measurement. If the DAT file was created with Burst Processing active, multiple trigger events may have been generated, and this tab provides some statistics on these events:

Event # is the event count since the start of the measurement. Trigger info describes the type of trigger, which can be either hardware or software generated. The numbers in parentheses are the counter for the current event type and the total event counter. Sample # is the number of the first sample after the trigger. Time stamp is the time stamp of the first sample after the trigger. Time elapsed is the time elapsed since the first trigger. Period is the the time elapsed since the previous trigger. Rate (insta.) is the instantaneous rate of fire. That is, the reciprocal of the pariod. Rate (mean) is the rate of fire calculated as the mean of the current and previous triggers. By right-clicking in the data grid, the user has the following options:

Export to export the data to a text file. Show non-trigger events shows all events instead of only trigger events. The following options are available:

Select the Change Time Encoder Data Change Frequency Export Data If you want to Change the date of the measurement. View the encoder data saved in the file. This button will be grayed/disabled if no encoder data is present in file. Change the antenna frequency in the file. Export DAT Info information, see Export DAT Info

(page 97). Notes Several of the above information is primarily for debugging purpose. The Burst Processing feature mentioned above is only available in RTP versions higher than (and not including) 1.67. 96 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 10.2.1.1 DAT File Processing Export DAT Info Export DAT file information by pressing the Export Data button on the Access the DAT Info (page 93) dialog. This will bring up the following dialog:

Choose what to export. Option Parameters Var. Segment Info Antenna Modes Trigger Information Press the Export button to choose the output file. If you want to All parameters and their values. The variable segment information. Range sets and antenna modes. Trigger information. 10.2.2 Select the Processing Algorithm To access the Process Setup window see Open a DAT File (page 91). The following processing options are available:

Select the If you want to See a quick Doppler-Time-Intensity draw based on just one channel and a subset of the data available. For more details see Draw a QDTI/DTI Plot (page 103). See a full Doppler-Time-Intensity draw based on all the channels selected. For more details see Draw a QDTI/DTI Plot (page 103). See the Signal-Time draw. For more details see Draw an ST Plot (page 110). Perform the Single Object Tracking algorithm to search for one object trajectory in the data. For more details see Detect Single/Multi Object Tracks (page 112). UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 97 DAT File Processing Select the If you want to Perform the Multiple Object Tracking algorithm to search for multiple object trajectories in the data. For more details see Detect Single/Multi Object Tracks (page 112). Perform Inbore Analysis (page 158) to search for object trajectory in the data. Perform Spin Analysis (page 148) to identify the spin modulations accompanying a previously processed object with MOT/SOT. Perform analysis on each channel to compare and verify their performance. The analysis to perform is selected under Advanced settings. The option selected is indicated by a thick blue rectangle, e.g. see the QDTI icon above. 10.2.3 Configure the FFT Parameters To access the Process Setup window see Open a DAT File (page 91). The following processing options are available:

Set the Tobs [ms]

If you want to Configure the FFT length as a time interval. WinTrack/WinDopp finds the smallest FFT length, N, so that N divided by the sample frequency is larger than or equal to your input. The resulting Tobs replaced your entry. Directly specify the FFT length. See Define Variable FFT Size Segments (page 99) in order to process the file with variable FFT lengths. Specify the effective number of spectra calculated. Specify the overlap between two consecutive FFTs. E.g. 50% overlap increases the number of FFTs by a factor of two. Specify the time of the first sample of the first FFT. Specify the time of the last sample of the last FFT. Define Variable FFT Size Segments (page 99). Press the button to enable or disable the use of FFT Segments. When enabled the button become red. Click the All Time button to select the maximum number of FFTs. FFT Points

# Spectra Overlap [%]

Start Time [s]

End Time [s]

FFT Segments All Time 98 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 DAT File Processing Set the Times Rel. To Launch If you want to Enable the Times Rel. To Launch checkbox to operate with times given relative to a user defined launch time. The launch time can be.changed from the DAT Info form. See Access the DAT Info

(page 93) The relation between the FFT parameters is:

Fsample is the Doppler data sample rate and Tsample is the time between samples:

Tsample = 1/Fsample Tobs = FFT Points * Tsample Tdelta is distance in time between FFT spectra updates:

Tdelta = Tobs * (1 Overlap%/100)

#Spectra = (End time - Start time)/Tdelta Notes To re-use the FFT Parameters of the last processing enable the Remember FFT Parameters option at Customize Miscellaneous (page 15). Either the Number of Spectra or the Overlap is specified as one depends on the other. The frequency resolution of the FFT is roughly equivalent to 1/Tobs. To convert from frequency to velocity use the approximated relation:

Velocity = /2 * 1/Tobs = 0.014m * 1/Tobs Assuming that the radar transmits at 10.5GHz and the speed of light is c = 3*108 m/s. Define Variable FFT Size Segments Any processing on a DAT File may be carried out with variable FFT size. This feature is especially interesting when tracking objects whose radial acceleration varies over a wide range of values, since it allows optimizing the FFT size attending to the radial acceleration of the target at each point in the measurement. As a general rule, the observation time at any point in the measurement (resulting from multiplying the FFT size by the sampling time at that point) should not exceed sqrt(lambda/2/acc), being sqrt the root square of the expression inside the parentheses, lambda the transmission wavelength (approx. 0.028m) and acc the radial acceleration of the object in m/s2. E.g. an acceleration of 10g = 100m/s2 results in a maximum observation time of approximately 12ms. Using a longer observation time results in smearing of the spectrum. This does not improve the accuracy of the results. When tracking projectiles launched from a location close to the radar, the acceleration is usually high at the beginning of the measurement, when the distance to the object is low and the signal-to-noise ratio high. The first part of the measurement can then be processed with a short FFT. As the projectile flies downrange, its acceleration diminishes and its signal-to-noise ratio becomes lower because of the increased distance to the radar. In this situation, improved accuracy and higher detection ranges may be obtained by increasing the size of the FFT. To process with variable FFT size segments:

1. On the Process Setup window click on FFT Segments. 10.2.4 UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 99 DAT File Processing 2. The following form appears:

3. Right click on the white area to show the following pop-down menu. 4. Click on Insert Segment in order to define a new FFT size segment. The user is prompted to type the start time of the FFT segment in seconds since trigger and the FFT size to be employed from that time. That FFT size will be used until the beginning of a later segment or the Stop Time specified for the processing

(see Configure the FFT Parameters (page 98)). In order to delete a given segment, select it with the mouse, right-click to show the pop-down and click on Delete Segment. 5. 6. To delete all segments, right-click to show the pop-down menu and click on Delete All. Notes In case a section of the measurement is not covered by any of the given FFT segment definitions, the size specified by the FFT Points parameter (see Configure the FFT Parameters (page 98)) is taken as default. Close down the FFT segment window is equivalent to delete all segments. 10.2.4.1 Automatically Define Variable FFT Size Segments To optimally define the FFT size segments for a particular measurement:

1. On the Process Setup window click on FFT Segments. 2. The following form appears:

100 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 DAT File Processing 3. Click on Calculate from WRK-File. 4. An open file dialog box appears which permits to choose the workfile that contains the trajectory for which the FFT segments will be calculated. 5. A form with the list of available tracks in the file appears. Select the desired track and click OK. UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 101 DAT File Processing 6. A new list of FFT size segments is generated. 102 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 DAT File Processing 10.3 Please refer to Define Variable FFT Size Segments (page 99) for further details on how the optimum FFT sizes are calculated. Draw a QDTI/DTI Plot To access the Process Setup window see Open a DAT File (page 91). The Doppler Time Intensity (DTI) plot shows the power of the received Doppler signals as a function of time. Because the Doppler frequency is proportional to the velocity the y-axis is often indicating velocity rather than frequency offset. In that case the graph is called a Velocity Time Intensity (VTI) plot. To draw a DTI or VTI plot:

1. Select the DTI processing option. 2. Configure the FFT Parameters (page 98). 3. Select the IQ Channels to include in the processing. 4. Click the Process button. To get a quick preview of what the result is going to look like select the QDTI option in step 1. The status bar shows the progress of the processing and when complete the plot is shown:

UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 103 DAT File Processing This VTI plot shows a 155mm RAP measured with a radar close to the launcher. The signal is recorded with a W-2100 using variable sampling rate to increase the effective measurement time. The color coding of the power density is shown to the right. 10.3.1 View Details of the DTI To use the zoom function just select an area of interest with the mouse pointer. The new plot is drawn when the left mouse button is released:

104 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 DAT File Processing This plot shows the 155mm RAP boost phase. While the projectile gains velocity during the boost phase the objects falling off the projectile quickly loose velocity. To specify an exact zoom window:

1. Right click on the DTI plot to get this menu:

2. Select Exact Zoom to enter the time interval of the zoom window. Notes Right click on the DTI plot and select Zoom Out to return to the full size plot. Use Copy To Clipboard if you want to copy the DTI plot directly into another application. Use Save Bitmap if you want to save the DTI plot in a separate file. 10.3.2 Configure the DTI Plot Parameters A number of parameters control how the FFT output is converted to a DTI plot. To configure e.g. the DTI Plot averaging:

1. Right click on the DTI plot to get this menu:

UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 105 DAT File Processing 2. Select Averaging to get this menu:

3. Change the Time or the Vel averaging mode. To change one of the other parameters settings repeat step 1. Configure dB Scale If you want to Increase of decrease the sensitivity and offset of the color coding. View the DTI plot in black and white. Control how the color is chosen, when there is more than one FFT result per pixel. See below. Manually set the title of plot. Toggle between frequency and velocity units on the y-axis. Black/White Averaging Title Show Frequency When the plot is drawn each colored area or pixel is associated with a specific time and velocity. Each of the FFT output values is associated with the pixel that is closest in time and velocity. That way each pixel represents one or more FFT output values. When the number of FFTs is higher than the number of pixels on the x-axis (time) a suitable method for reducing the data must be selected. The same applies when the FFT length, and thereby the number of output values from a single FFT, is larger than the number of pixels on the y-axis (vel). The Time and the Vel modes for combining the FFT output values are controlled independently. The following Averaging options are available:

Use Sample If you want to Choose the value closest to the time or the velocity of the pixel. Average the FFT output values over the time or velocity interval covered by the pixel. Average 106 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 10.3.3 Use Peak If you want to Use the largest value in the time or velocity interval covered by the pixel. DAT File Processing Time Scale To change the timing of data or to display the data using another time scale do the following:

1. Right click on the DTI plot to get this menu:

2. Select the Time Scale option to get this window:

3. To display data using another time scale, select one of the first three options. For old .trk files, the Time Since Launch options is not available. 4. The last option can be used to define a new User Defined Zero Point and when operating from the Track File View, this will modify the parameter REFERENCE in accordance with the new User Defined Zero Point. Notes The time and date of Launch can be modified from by clicking the More Info button on the Process Setup dialog. The Absolute Time (UTC) has different formats to choose between. UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 107 DAT File Processing 10.3.4 Draw the Spectrum Plot To change the timing of data or to display the data using another time scale do the To get a more detailed graphical representation of the frequency components and their relative strength the power spectrum plot is very useful. It plots the power versus frequency/velocity. To view the spectrum plot:

1. Right click on the DTI plot to get this menu:

2. Select the Plot option to get this menu:

3. Select the spectrum plot option to draw the spectrum. The following spectrum plot is from the 155mm RAP projectile. This plot shows the FFT output 7.5 seconds from start and the cross hair is located at the largest peak, which is at 102.5 m/s. The peak at 570 m/s is the projectile, while the largest peak is an object that fell off the projectile when the rocket was started. 108 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 DAT File Processing Use Selected Spectrum Average of Shown Spectra If you want to Plot a single FFT output. The FFT is selected by cross hair on the DTI plot. Moving the cross hair with the arrow keys updates the spectrum plot. Plot an average of the FFTs selected by the DTI zoom window, see View Details of the DTI (page 104). Notes To use the zoom function, just select an area of interest with the mouse pointer. The new plot is drawn when the left mouse button is released. The averaging mode is extremely powerful when checking the system for spurious noise components: point the antenna up into the sky and record a couple of seconds of signal with and without the transmitter turned on. Ideally both signals have an identical and spurious free averaged power spectrum. 10.3.5 Configure the Spectrum Plot Before you configure the spectrum plot you need to Draw the Spectrum Plot (page 108). A number of parameters control how the spectrum plot is drawn. To configure e.g. the Layout parameters:

1. Right click on the spectrum plot to get this menu:

2. Select Layout to get this menu:

3. Change the parameter and click OK. The options available in the first menu are:

UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 109 DAT File Processing Use Zoom Out Select Auto Scale Set Scales Layout Print Export Data Save Bitmap If you want to Return to the full size spectrum plot. Not applicable. Scale the axes based on the power and velocity values. Manually specify the power and velocity intervals displayed. Use the sub menu, see below. Print the spectrum plot. Save the spectrum plot as ASCII text file (TXT). Save the spectrum plot as an Enhanced Metafile

(EMF), a bitmap file (BMP) or as a compressed bitmap file (PNG) Transfer the plot to the clipboard. Copy The options available in the Layout menu are:

Use/enable Title Edit Top Margin Show Header Show Footer Show Logo Show Grid Show Legend Show Frame Show Time Connect the Dots If you want to Change the title of the plot. Add/remove margin to the top of the graph. Not applicable. Not applicable. Not applicable. Toggle grid on/off. Add legend text to the graph. Toggle an outside border frame on/off. Not applicable. Not applicable. 10.4 Draw an ST Plot To access the Process Setup window see Open a DAT File (page 91). The Signal Time plot (ST Plot) shows the received Doppler signals versus time. To draw an ST plot:

1. Select the ST processing option. 2. Click the Process button. This displays a quick view of the signal versus time showing only a subset of the samples from channel 1:

110 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 DAT File Processing This ST plot shows a rocket launched close to the radar. To take a further look at the signal versus time:

Use/enable Ch1 to Ch16 Trigger pulse Acceleration data Skip Samples If you want to Draw the selected channels on the same plot. Draw the trigger pulse on the same plot. Draw the acceleration on the same plot. Draw only a subset of the samples. Uncheck this option to view all samples. Draw a line between samples from the same channel. Uncheck this option to view samples as points only. Specify the start and end time of the plot. Redraw the plot with the current settings. Enable Skip Samples and set the From/To variables to the start and end of the measurement. You may need to Zoom out in order to see the full plot. Plot Line From/To Apply Show All Notes To use the zoom function just select an area of interest with the mouse pointer. The new plot is drawn when the left mouse button is released. See also View Details of the ST Plot (page 112). Right click on the plot to configure a set of parameters and options that control the plot drawing. This is where the Zoom out option is. Use the ST plot to verify that the radar receiver is operating at a reasonable signal level. Select a time interval with a high signal, uncheck the Skip Samples option and check the signal for saturation effects (clipping). Double click to the right of the Show All button to invert the channel selection. This is a fast way of selecting all channels. UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 111 DAT File Processing 10.4.1 View Details of the ST Plot To use the zoom function just select an area of interest with the mouse pointer. The new plot is drawn when the left mouse button is released:

10.5 This plot shows channels 1 and 2 around t = 10 seconds with all samples shown with lines between them. These are the signals from the first IQ mixer. They are offset by approximately 90 corresponding to a dominating single frequency signal. Detect Single/Multi Object Tracks To access the Process Setup window see Open a DAT File (page 91). The SOT/MOT processing function permits to identify the objects present in a DAT file recording and group their measured velocity and position along time into tracks which later can be incorporated into a WRK file for further post-processing and data visualization. The SOT (Single-Object processing) identifies only the most prominent object in the recording and generates a single track record for it. The MOT (Multi-Object processing) generates as many track records as signals potentially corresponding to targets are found in the recording. To activate the SOT/MOT processing:

1. Select the SOT/MOT processing option. 2. Configure the FFT Parameters (page 98). 3. Select a predefined set of MOT Parameters (page 113). 4. Select the IQ Channels to include in the processing. 5. Click the Process button. The status bar shows the progress of the processing. When complete the following windows are shown:

112 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 DAT File Processing The two sub windows in this figure are:

The Track Control window listing all the detected tracks and their unique color, see Use the Track Control Window (page 114). The VTI Plot window with each of the detected tracks shown with a unique color, see Add or Delete Points from a Track (page 118). 10.5.1 Select a Predefined Set of MOT Parameters To access the Process Setup window see Open a DAT File (page 91). The Processing Parameter Set area is located at the bottom of the Process Setup form. The drop-down list at the right allows selecting the parameter set to be used in the next processing. In WinDopp only the Default set of parameters are available. Pre-defined Parameter sets for the MOT:

Use default If you want to Track a generic target. This is the recommended set for ballistic projectiles and rocket-assisted projectiles. Parameter set used by the Spin Analysis function. spin_search To create a new parameter set or modify an existing one:

1. Enable the Show/Edit checkbox to view parameter values associated to the current parameter set. This requires the Enable advanced process settings to be enabled on the Customize Miscellaneous (page 15) tab. UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 113 DAT File Processing 2. Edit the values of the parameters as required 3. Click Save to store the new parameters. At this point it is possible to decide whether the new parameters must be stored under the same name or a new one. To delete an existing parameter set:

1. Enable the Show/Edit checkbox and select the parameter set to be deleted from the drop-down list. 2. Click Delete. Use the Track Control Window When the MOT processing is complete the result is presented on the screen, see Detect Single/Multi Object Tracks (page 112). The Track Control window provides tools for inspecting and manually editing the tracks identified by the MOT before the result is converted into a WRK file for further processing. 10.5.2 114 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 DAT File Processing A track is associated with a number of measurement points and furthermore has a set of configurable properties, e.g. a name and a color; see Change the Properties of a Track

(page 116). Show or hide a section use the section-checkmark:

The Track Control window contains the following options:

Enable/Use Available Tracks If you want to Show specific active tracks found by the MOT algorithm. Right click a track to Change the Properties of a Track

(page 116), e.g. name and color. Control which plots to display: VTI, ETI, ATI and RTI. Show VTI/ETI/ATI/RTI Fitting Coordinate System:

Use Def. Coord. System Select the coordinate system used for the fitting of data. Override the coordinate system recorded in the measurement file and assign the current default coordinate system to the results generated by the Make WRK function. UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 115 DAT File Processing Enable/Use Edit Auto Arrange Arrange DTI Make WRK Show Preview If you want to Manually Add or Delete Points from a Track (page 118). Resize the selected plots and redraw them every time a change has been made. Resize the selected plots and redraw them. Convert the result to a WRK file for further processing. Quick view of the track results in the form of graphs with Velocity, Azimuth, Elevation, Range and Altitude vs. Time and Ground Track relative to the radar location. Notes The first two items on the Tracks list have a special function: The Unassigned item holds the single points which did not qualify for tentative track. The Tentative item holds the points that were assigned to a tentative track without reaching the confirmation level required to become a real track. The operator may want to assign points of an unassigned or tentative track to one of the real tracks manually, see Add or Delete Points from a Track (page 118). For Inbore Analysis the Track Control window contains an additional section called Inbore Processing. See Perform Inbore Analysis

(page 158) for further information. 10.5.3 Change the Properties of a Track To change the properties of a track:

1. Click the track in the Track Control window to select it. 116 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 DAT File Processing 2. Right click to view the options window. 3. Select the property to change from the list. 4. Change the property and click OK. Use Rename Track Delete Track If you want to Assign another name to the track. Remove the track from the track list and assign its points assigned to the Tentative item. UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 117 DAT File Processing Use New Track Merge Tracks Change Color Track Settings Add Velocity Info. Remove Velocity Info. If you want to Add a new track to the track list. You can assign points to the track using the Add or Delete Points from a Track (page 118) feature. Merge all points assigned to a track into another track. The donor track is deleted from the list when the merge is complete. Those points from the donor track which occupy the same time slice as points in the receiving track are moved to the Unassigned item. Change the color of the track when drawn upon one of the plots. Change the Track Settings (page 121). Associate to a track resulting from an FMCW waveform the velocity CW measurements from another track (see notes). Remove the velocity CW measurements from a track resulting from an FMCW waveform (see notes). Notes In general, due to the inherent range-velocity coupling in the raw FMCW measurements, no validated range measurements will be provided by an FMCW track unless it has received at least one velocity measurement from the CW channel. In case no (or wrong) associations were automatically found during processing, the Remove Velocity Info. and Add Velocity Info. tools allow to first remove wrong velocity information from an FMCW track and then assign the correct one from a CW track (which also can be manually created by the user) 10.5.4 Add or Delete Points from a Track To move (or re-assign) points from one track to another track:

1. Enable the relevant tracks from the Tracks list, e.g. the Unassigned and Track 1 and Track 2. 2. Zoom in on the part of the track you want to edit. 3. Click the Edit check box in the Track Control window. Note that the window turns white. 4. Select the points to be added to the track with the mouse pointer. The selected points are shown with a square box around them. 5. Right click and select the target track from the list. 118 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 DAT File Processing The points are given the color of the track they are assigned to. 6. Uncheck the Edit check box in the Track Control window to switch back to zoom control. In this example the unassigned points (grey) are selected and then assigned to track 1. Notes To remove points from a track use the same procedure. In step 5 assign the points to the Unassigned track to remove them from the original track. You can also hit Delete to remove the points from track without reassigning them to another track. You may enable/disable tracks after zooming in on a detail. Select Exit from the selection list in step 5 to return to zoom mode. Same effect as step 6. 10.5.5 Manually Add New Points to a Track It is possible to add new points to a track directly in the VTI plot. Because this selection does not convey any phase information, it is only possible to use these points for speed estimation, not position. To add a new point to and existing track:

1. In the Track Control window select the track to add points to, by clicking on the track name. In the VTI plot, zoom in on the part of the track you want to edit. 2. 3. Click the Edit check box in the Track Control window. Note that the window turns white. 4. Press and hold the Insert key. This enables manual adding of new points. In the VTI plot, click one or more times to add new points. Every new click 5. makes the application process the DAT-file from which the TRK-file was generated at the location required by the user. If the application cannot automatically find the DAT-file from which the TRK-file was generated, a dialog window will pop up allowing the user to manually define the current location of the DAT-file. UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 119 DAT File Processing 10.5.6 6. Release the Insert key to return to normal edit mode. 7. Uncheck the Edit check box in the Track Control window to switch back to zoom control. Notes To remove (undo) points from the track during the add procedure, release the Insert button, click on the unwanted point and press Delete. Then, press Insert to continue the add procedure. Manually Track Objects If for some reason a part of a track has not been detected during the DAT-file processing it is possible to manually point out the specific region in the VTI plot and redo the SOT/MOT processing with higher detection sensitivity:

1. Zoom in on the part of the signal you want to track on. 2. Press and hold the Insert button on the keyboard. 3. In the VTI view, click on the start of the signal you want to track. While holding down the left mouse button, drag the mouse up and down to adjust the vertical interval to search in and then release the mouse button:

4. Continue to click and drag intervals along the signal, to form a polygonal area 120 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 containing the signal:

DAT File Processing 5. Release the Insert button. This will trigger the SOT/MOT process searching for a track in the marked region. If the application cannot automatically find the DAT-file from which the TRK-file was generated, a dialog window will pop up allowing the user to manually define the current location of the DAT-file. Notes While holding the Insert button, the most recently created interval can be undone by right clicking the mouse. After SOT/MOT processing the result is added as a new track. To append the result to an existing track, use Merge Tracks as described above. 10.5.7 Change the Track Settings To reprocess the information contained in the points assigned to a track to yield the final measurements, and modify the way in which this is done. The parameters in the form that appears when the option is selected are a sub set of the full set. They have the same meaning, except for the fact that their effect is restricted to the selected track. The parameters do not change which points are assigned to the track but only how the new velocity and range measurements are calculated. Following is a list of the most common operations. UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 121 DAT File Processing 122 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 DAT File Processing If you want to Calculate range from the integrated velocity of track when no other information is available. Use the parameters under the checkbox to set the initial conditions of the integration process. The results from the range integrator can be used as a seed for range calculations with MFCW waveforms (see below). Declare the track as being generated by a transponder. The offset frequency of the transponder can be set in the Transponder Offset field. Use Range Integrator Transponder 10.5.8 Load a Set of MOT Results When data has been processed with the MOT algorithm, the results are stored on the disk in the Work Location, where the DAT file holding the Doppler data is stored, see Customize File Locations (page 13). To reload the MOT results:

1. On the File menu, click Open 2. From the file select window choose the TRK file 3. Click Open. Notes The Diff. results in the first information box are the differences between two consecutively selected (Time, Vel) coordinates. UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 123 DAT File Processing 10.5.9 Generate Work File Results The tracks generated by a MOT/SOT processing must be incorporated to a Work File for further processing (trajectory smoothing, drag coefficient calculation, event identification, data export, etc). To achieve this:

1. On the Track Control window select those tracks that must be incorporated to a Work File. 2. Click on Make WRK to select as destination Work File for the results, the one with the same root name as the Track File. If no Work File with that name exists, a new one will be created. Should another Work File name be selected, right-click on Make WRK, and then click on Select destination WRK-file on the pop-up menu. A dialog window will then allow to specify the name of an existing (or to be created) Work File where the results will be stored. 3. The selected tracks are added to the selected destination Work File and shown ready for additional processing. For further details see WRK File Processing

(page 163). 10.5.10 Print Results A single DTI plot can be printed by right-clicking on the plot and select Print. Two or more of the VTI, ETI, ATI, or RTI plots can be printed on the same page. To achieve this:

In the Track Control window select (display) those tracks that should be included in the print. 1. 2. Select Print from the File menu. Notes The print out reflects the current shown DTI settings (color, B/W, scale, etc.). 10.5.11 Generate an RCS-scaled DTI The VTI plot linked to a given TRK file may be scaled to show the apparent radar cross sections of the signals present in it. The scaling is carried out on the basis of the measured slant range to only one of tracks, being all other signals scaled attending to their relative amplitude with respect to that of the reference track. The resulting RCS-scaled VTI will depict blank spectra in those cases where no range data is available from the reference track. To generate an RCS-scaled DTI:

1. In the Track Control window select the track whose range will be used to create the new RCS-scaled DTI. 2. Right click and select the VTI to RCS option of the pop-down menu. 124 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 DAT File Processing 3. The following form appears, which permits to configure how the scaling will be performed:

4. In the Output File Name box a name for the final DTI is proposed. The file name may be changed by clicking on the button to the right of the box. 5. The scaling method is chosen by clicking on the SNR or the Fixed Rx. Gain buttons. In the SNR-based scaling mode, the nominal system noise figure is assumed to originate the observed noise background of the spectra and the input signal power levels calculated on the basis of the measured signal-to-noise ratio of the previously selected track. This is the recommended scaling method for most situations, since it also accounts for the presence of the Automatic Control Gain in the receiver chain. In the Fixed Receiver Gain scaling mode, a given gain is assumed for the receiver gain, which can be edited, and the input signal levels derived from the amplitude of the signals. This mode is intended to be used when the data was acquired with the receiver set in a fixed gain mode. 10.6 Configure Advanced MOT Parameters The MOT algorithm is controlled by a large set of parameters offering extensive flexibility. It is recommended that less experienced users Select a Predefined Set of MOT Parameters

(page 113) that best fit their measurement task. To activate this window Open a DAT File (page 91), click the MOT/SOT icon and enable the Show/Edit checkbox in the Processing Parameter Set area. A number of tab sheets appear below the process window. Any changes to the settings take effect when the Process button is activated. UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 125 DAT File Processing 10.6.1 The MOT Process Step by Step The MOT process is repeated whenever a new Doppler spectrum is available. The time between these updates is defined by user selected parameters and for the real-time MOT also the capacity of the processing units (DSPs and CPU) of the RTP. In each time slot the Multi Object Tracking process performs the following steps:

1. Analyze the Doppler spectrum Perform windowed FFT and estimate the signal to noise ratio (SNR) for each peak in the spectrum and extract those with a SNR above the set threshold. The output from this step is a raw set of spectrum peaks, each corresponding to a potential target. For more details see Define Extractor MOT Parameters (page 134). 2. Cancel peaks that are likely to be false targets For example spin modulation, harmonics or a mirror image due to mixer imperfections. The output of from this step is a cleaned up set of spectrum peaks also called detections. For more details see Cancellers (page 136). 3. Assign detections to existing tracks For each existing track an updated set of Kalman filters predict the most likely next observation in terms of velocity, elevation and azimuth and intervals of likely observation values, also called gates. The detection that is within the gates and is closest to the predicted value is assigned to the track. If no detection is found within the gate(s) then the track has no update in this time slot. Note that the size of the gate depends both on the expected dynamics of the target as defined by e.g. the variation value and on the observed measurement noise. The output of this step is a set of updated tracks, a set of tracks with no update and a set of unassigned detections. For more details see Define Filtering MOT Parameters (page 139). 4. Promote or delete tracks The decision is based on the events in step 3:

Promote a tentative track with sufficient updates to confirmed

Delete a tentative track with insufficient updates

Delete a confirmed track with insufficient updates A good threshold for promoting or deleting tracks takes the dynamics of the targets observed by the radar into account and has a fair trade-off between false detections and late detections. The output of this step is a set of updated tracks. For more details see Confirming the Track (page 142) and About the Track Life Cycle (page 145). 5. Create new tentative tracks This step takes both the previous and the current set of unassigned detections into consideration. The output of this step is a set of tentative tracks and a set of remaining unassigned detections, which in the next time slot is considered as the previous 126 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 DAT File Processing set of unassigned detections. For more details see Define Management MOT Parameters (page 141). 6. Update the range value of each track This step depends on the range mode of the radar. Notes If you see the target in the DTI but not as a track then enable the list of Unassigned detections. If detections coincide with the trace seen in the DTI then the Kalman filter gates may be too narrow to accept the detections as valid track extensions. If no or very sparse detections are seen then the SNR criteria may be too high. If the track appears much later than the trace seen in the DTI then the Confirmation Time may be set too high. 10.6.2 About the MOT/SOT Parameters Whats really important about MOT/SOT parameters?

Here is a list, in descending order of importance, of the most significant MOT/SOT parameters. In general, given a set of parameter values, the same type of results should be obtained either for MOT or SOT, except for the fact that SOT keeps, after a regular MOT processing, the most significant tracks attending to the criteria selected in the Management / SOT Post-Processing section. Max. variation [m/s4], see Define Filtering MOT Parameters (page 139). This parameter controls how quickly the velocity tracking filter adapts to sudden variations in the radial velocity (more rigorously, in the radial acceleration) of the tracked target. Augmenting the value of this parameter amounts to reducing the number of previous velocity measurements that are used to predict the next measurement (this is, the center of the association gate), and increasing the rate at which the association gates of the track will expand when measurements are missing for several periods. It is the first candidate for a modification if late track confirmation problems (such as at the beginning of ballistic trajectories near muzzle velocity or separation point). Modifications of several orders of magnitude are not unusual for very quick scenarios. For slow scenarios, appropriate reductions of this parameter can provide significant improvements when tracking close or crossing targets in Doppler. There are similar maneuver parameters for the elevation and azimuth tracking filters. They have no effect for the moment in the overall tracking performance as gating is done by default only in velocity (all gating selection checkboxes in the Management section disabled except for the one labeled Doppler gating). Modifying their value will only affect the apparent smoothness of the filtered angle trajectories when gating information is depicted in the debug graphs. Confirmation Time, see Define Management MOT Parameters (page 141). This parameter determines how long a target must be tracked before declaring the track as confirmed or rejected (based on its apparent quality). The quality of the track is quantified UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 127 DAT File Processing by measuring its observed probability detection, and the quality threshold is determined by the Management -> Confirmation % parameter. Its value corresponds to the minimum required percentage of the confirmation time along which the track received updates. For more information see Confirming the Track (page 142). Scenarios with low sampling rates can benefit in general from longer confirmation times and higher confirmation thresholds, as this will keep at a minimum the number of spurious tracks in the results. For scenarios with fast sampling rates or short duration tracks it will be necessary to reduce the extent of the confirmation time down to values comparable to the duration of the expected tracks in the recording. This is usually the case when many tentative tracks are seen in the results but none of them confirmed. An intermediate possibility lies in activating the Management -> Range Confirmation checkbox. This option adds an additional constraint to the track confirmation decision by requiring a certain correlation between the measured radial velocity and the range rate extracted from the MF range channels (according to the settings in the MF Range section). For this option to work the confirmation time must be at least longer than the frequency step used in the system (typically 0.3 seconds) and the final speed of confirmation will be highly dependent on the quality of the range information. Discard Unassg./Discard. Tentat., see Define Management MOT Parameters (page 141). If checked, no unassigned plots or tentative tracks are stored in the results file. Very effective to reduce the extent of the track files and to improve the quickness of response of the track GUI if no further edition is to be carried out. Deletion Time, see Define Management MOT Parameters (page 141). This parameter quantifies when the tracks will be regarded as finished. This will occur when a track doesnt receive any confirmation for a time longer than the one specified by the parameter. Given the low probability of avoiding the association of incorrect detections to a track when prolonged target fading takes place, its main utility is avoiding that additional spurious information is added to the track once it is effectively finished (by reducing the extent of the deletion time). A similar result can be obtained by controlling the maximum extent of the association gate with the Filtering -> Max. Vel. Gate (m/s) parameter, which in clean and slow scenarios can provided better results. Minimum Velocity, see Define Extractor MOT Parameters (page 134). This parameter controls the minimum absolute radial velocity required for a detection to be considered as a candidate for MOT/SOT processing. This is an effective method to get rid of spurious tracks originating from low velocity clutter targets, such as clouds and birds. Extreme care must be taken to ensure that the actual target velocity is above this threshold. Otherwise the target detections are also cancelled. If targets must be track down to very low velocities it is preferable leaving the rejection of spurious clutter signals to the confirmation logic. Minimum SNR, see Define Extractor MOT Parameters (page 134). This parameter represents the detection threshold used by the MOT/SOT extractor. Starting from the noise level estimated from the cells surrounding the target, a noise margin of that many dB is added to obtain the final detection threshold. The correspondence between apparent target signal strength and detection expected performance is thus clear. The default setting guarantees a probability of false alarm of 10-

6 in thermal noise with the default reference size. Any reduction will result in improved detection of weak targets but increased false alarms. To be handled with care. A 2 or 3 dB variation makes a lot of a difference in terms of false alarm rate. Max. ini. [m/s2], see Define Filtering MOT Parameters (page 139). 128 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 DAT File Processing It determines the maximum radial acceleration that any target will be allowed to have to initiate a track on it. Its main purpose is to avoid the creation of targets on false alarms caused by thermal noise. If the false alarm probability is raised (for example by reducing the value of the previous parameter) it might be necessary to lower it to reduce the generation of spurious tracks. The default value (1200, this is 12G) should be enough to initiate a track on almost any kind of object. There are versions of this parameter for the azimuth and elevation filters. Same comment applies as before: their value is irrelevant as long as only the Doppler gating option is active (which for the moment is the most robust configuration). Peak Search Thrs, see Define Extractor MOT Parameters (page 134). This parameter sets the peak detection sensitivity of the extractor. In brief, the peak of an area of detections is declared when at some point the signal level goes through a variation with respect to highest point found so far higher than the number of dB specified by the value of the parameter. It may be interesting to modify its value either, to gain some in-

peak resolution by reducing its value (of doubtful utility in most cases), or to achieve the grouping of several near peaks into one single dominant. This may be interesting in situations where the presence of several near targets leads to erratic track maintenance or unsuccessful track confirmation. Modulation Canceller, see Define Extractor MOT Parameters (page 134). The modulation canceller prevents spurious signals generated by spin, jet engine, and rotor blade modulation from being declared as valid signals and subject to give rise to new tracks, this false even leading to the loss of the main track. As general rule, it is recommended to leave all cancellers activated when processing a DAT-file, since this will yield the most consistent results. However in some situations the canceller may originate non-intuitive track terminations, such as when a bigger object part separates from a smaller one, which happens to be the piece of interest. This effect has been observed tracking 155 mm RAP, and the predefined parameter set rap155 addresses the problems caused by this phenomenon when running a SOT processing, by deactivating this canceller. Running the MOT process with this canceller deactivated may lead to generation of undesired tracks if the projectile presents heavy spin modulation. 10.6.3 Define Miscellaneous MOT Parameters To activate this window Open a DAT File (page 91), click the MOT/SOT icon and enable Advanced Settings. On the FFT Options tab the Misc. parameters provide additional control over the way FFTs and phase difference calculations are performed. UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 129 DAT File Processing The following processing options are available:

Use Restore Defaults If you want to Recover the settings of the factory default Pre-

Defined parameter set. Eliminate residual DC levels in the signal (must be deactivated when processing Motion-

Compensated files) Change the weighting function employed by the FFT processor. It determines the minimum amplitude and frequency difference between signals that the processor can resolve (see notes). Multiply the size of each FFT by the given factor by padding the signal samples with zeros Remove DC Window Zero Padding Notes The available FFT window functions are listed next with their associated highest side lobe level and equivalent noise width:

Hanning: -32 dB ; 1.5 bin Rectangle: -13 dB ; 1 bin Blackman-Harris: -92 dB ; 2 bin Hanning-Poison: - ; 2 bin Hamming: -43 dB ; 1.36 bin Care must be taken when changing the window function to also modify the Avrg. cells per side parameter (see Define Extractor MOT Parameters (page 134)) correspondingly (to be set to 3 if a Blackman-

Harris window is used). This is also true when using the Zero Padding feature, see Calculate 130 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 10.6.4 DAT File Processing the Signal to Noise Ratio (page 138). Define Motion Compensation MOT Parameters To activate this window Open a DAT File (page 91), click the MOT icon and enable Advanced Settings. The controls on the MoComp tab sheet permit to compensate for the acceleration of the target of interest and therefore increase the FFT size to achieve higher processing gain and sensitivity. The following processing options are available:

Use MoComp If you want to Compensate for the acceleration of the object of interest inside each FFT to achieve higher sensitivity. Select in the accompanying box V and R if you want to obtain a DTI with the signal translated to zero (reduces the effect of sidelobes) or Acc only if you want to leave the signals at their original positions. Employ at each point the instantaneous acceleration of the target as determined by a measurement result entry (either synthesized or from a previous processing) in the Work File whose name and location are shown in the edit box aside. By clicking on the button to the right it is possible to change the Work File from which the motion compensation information must be extracted. Choose the result entry in the above determined Work File that will be used for instantaneous acceleration compensation. From WorkFile Select Result UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 131 DAT File Processing Use Acceleration If you want to Manually introduce a constant acceleration for the target which will be used throughout the measurement (no information extracted from a Work File). 10.6.5 Define Noise MOT Parameters To activate this window Open a DAT File (page 91), click the MOT icon and enable Advanced Settings. The set of parameters on the Noise tab sheet allow controlling the size of the track association gates. The following processing options are available:

Use Measurement error factor If you want to Multiply the measurement noise estimate by a given factor. This will result in a widening of the point-to-track association gate by the same factor.

(See note.) Add a given value to the measurement noise estimate. This will result in a widening of the point-to-track association gate by the same amount. (See note.) Shows the maximum antenna loop gain achievable by the antenna used during the measurement. Measurement error Max. AC 132 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 DAT File Processing Use Edit AC SNR offset User-defined noise level FFT noise level Use only for RCS calculations Use Minimum SNR If you want to Activates tool to manually re-define the applicable antenna loop gain parameters. See Define Antenna Loop Gain (page 133). Introduce a manual offset to be added the signal SNR values estimated by the processor. Disable the automatic receiver noise level estimation and instead provide a known fixed noise receiver level. Specify a fixed receiver noise level in the same dB units as shown on WinTracks DTI plots (see notes). Use the given fixed receiver noise level only for the SNR calculations from which the RCS is estimated, while leaving the detection of targets still based on the adaptive noise level estimation

(this prevents the declaration of unnecessary false alarms in case the overall noise level in the receiver increases occasionally due to external factors). If you want to Set the minimum signal detection threshold. Measurement points with signal/noise ratios below this value will be discarded. Notes The noise level shown on WinTracks DTI plots is normalized such that for a given gain and noise factor in the receiver the average noise level is kept constant independent of the number channels processed, the FFT size and the sampling rate of the measurement. The gate correction factors (either multiplicative of additive) are applied to the gate sizes determined from the SNR of the signals. When both a multiplicative and an additive correction can be defined for a gate, the multiplicative factor will be first applied to the gate size determined from the SNR of the signal, followed by the additive factor. The additive correction factor for the velocity gate (Vel. modul., and also Rng. modul for FMCW modes) is probably the most useful of all gate corrections since it allows widening the velocity association gate to account for target-induced modulations which may jeopardize tracking of certain targets, such as certain classes of rocket-assisted projectiles. 10.6.6 Define Antenna Loop Gain To redefine the antenna loop gain parameters used to process the measurement:

1. Click the Edit AC button on the Noise tab of the MOT Options. The following form appears:

UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 133 DAT File Processing 2. 3. If known, the desired maximum antenna loop gain and minimum azimuth and elevation opening angles achievable by the antenna can be typed in directly in the Max. Antenna Const, Elev. Opening Angle and Azim. Opening Angle edit boxes. In case it is preferred to use the standard parameters of a known antenna model, choose the name of the desired model in the Antenna Type box and click Apply. By selecting the User defined antenna type it is possible to define a new set of antenna parameters and from them the resulting maximum antenna constant to be used for processing by clicking Apply. 10.6.7 Define Extractor MOT Parameters To activate this window Open a DAT File (page 91), click the MOT icon and enable Advanced Settings. The parameters on the Extractor tab sheet determine the way signals are detected and classified. 134 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 DAT File Processing 10.6.7.1 The settings are divided into three sections: Peak extraction, Cancellers and Velocity window. The settings are described in the following. Peak Extraction These settings control how the peaks in the FFT spectra are detected and extracted. Use Noise cells per side If you want to Set the number of noise FFT bins to each side of a detected signal from which the receiver noise level is estimated. See Calculate the Signal to Noise Ratio (page 138). Guard cells per side Set the number of FFT bins left (not used for Average cells per side Peak search thrs. noise level estimation) between a detected signal and the noise cells. Set the number of FFT bins to each side of a detected signal which are used to estimate its velocity or range centroid. Define the peak detection sensitivity of the extractor. This setting affects where (in frequency) one peak ends and another one is allowed to begin. The peak ends on each side where its height gets this much lower than its maximum value. Increasing this value means a larger span from peak maximum to the base of the peak, and thus it may also mean a wider peak. The consequence of this is that weak signals may be masked out by stronger signals, decreasing the total number of detections. This may help increase track stability in certain situations. UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 135 DAT File Processing 10.6.7.2 If you want to Define how many recursions of the peak detection procedure that are allowed. More recursions will enable the detection of weaker signals, but will be more time consuming. Enter 0 (zero) to allow repeat until no more detections are found. Avoid possible numerical errors when estimating the receiver noise level (more time consuming). Apply (or ignore) the frequency calibration coefficients contained in the measurement files. Set the minimum absolute radial velocity required for a signal detected in the CW channel to be considered. Measurements that dont meet this criterion are declared as clutter. Use Recursive search Robust noise estimation Freq. calib. Minimum velocity Cancellers The cancellers are used to filter the extracted peaks based on certain criteria described below. The parameters are shown in the order in which they are applied in practice. Use Spurious Image threshold If you want to Activate the test to reject spurious signals generated by interference or receiver saturation. A spurious signal consists of a pair of components with the same absolute frequency but with opposite signs. The difference between their amplitudes must be less than the Image threshold described below. If two such signals are found, both are declared as spurious. Activate the image canceller, which rejects spurious signals generated by non-ideal image rejection in the receiver, and specify the minimum image signal rejection ratio. If two components have the same absolute frequency with opposite signs (as described above), but their amplitudes differ by more than the Image threshold, the one with the lowest amplitude is declared as an image and rejected. Raising the Image threshold will result in more pairs of spurious components and a lower overall number of symmetrical components getting declared as valid. 136 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 Use Harmonic Spin mod. distance DAT File Processing If you want to Activate the test to reject harmonic spurious signals originated by receiver saturation. Starting with the peak with the highest amplitude and frequency f, it will look for components with lower amplitudes and frequencies 2f, 3f, , nf, for n up the order number entered in the text box. Activate the spin modulation canceller, which looks for a center component and pairs of symmetrical components around it. To be declared as spin, a measurement point must be coupled with another point, these two points being symmetrical in velocity and amplitude around a third point. The entered distance is a measure of how much the expected velocity and amplitude of a measurement point may differ from its actual value in order to be classified as spin. Raising the distance value will cause more points to be declared as spin modulations, at the cost of more wrong detections. Modulation distance Activate the modulation canceller. Modulations are detected by looking for points which coincide in elevation and azimuth. The measurement point with the highest amplitude is determined to be the true target, i.e. the originator of the modulations, and the others are declared as modulations. The entered distance is a measure of how much the angles of a potential modulation may differ from its originator in order to be declared as a modulation. Raising the distance value will cause more points to be declared as modulations. Activate the test to reject spurious signals resulting from second and third order intermodulation products in the receiver. Intermodulation The following figure illustrates the difference between the different kinds of spurious signals encountered. UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 137 DAT File Processing A Aa Ab S-

S+

Ai Ha Hb The frequency originating from the main object. Modulation frequencies. They may originate from spin or jet-engine modulations. These frequencies normally lie on both sides of the main frequency, and they may or may not be symmetrical around the main frequency. If they are symmetrical in frequency and magnitude around the main frequency (normal for spin modulations), the spin-modulation canceller may be appropriate. If they are not, the normal modulation canceller is recommended. Only two modulation frequencies are shown. There may be more. Spurious frequencies. These frequencies are symmetrical in frequency and magnitude (within a margin given by Image threshold) around zero. Image frequency. This frequency lies directly opposite of A, but its magnitude is more than Image threshold smaller than A. Harmonic frequencies originating from A. It is seen that their frequencies are integer multiples of fA. The harmonic canceller will reject the first N of these frequencies. Velocity Window Process only those signals located in the velocity range defined by the following two parameters. Plots that fall outside of the defined interval are rejected as clutter. This parameter is set correspondingly by zooming into a QDTI/DTI and requesting a processing. Upper limit Lower limit Specifies the upper limit of the velocity window. Specifies the lower limit of the velocity window. 10.6.7.3 10.6.7.4 Calculate the Signal to Noise Ratio The signal to noise ratio (SNR) is defined as the power of the detected signal (received from the target) divided by the noise power in one FFT bin. 138 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 DAT File Processing Power spectrum output A: Avrg. cells per side B: Guard cells per side C: Noise cells per side C AB A B C FFT Bin No. To calculate the SNR we average the noise power across a number of FFT bins and we estimate the signal power using the peak FFT bin and some of its neighbours:

P(noise per cell) = Average of the grey power spectrum bins. P(signal+noise) = Sum of the green power spectrum bins. Note that the P(signal+noise) value has a contribution from the noise which is proportional to the number of bins used in the sum. We want to correct for this effect by subtracting the estimated contribution from the noise. P(signal) = P(signal+noise) (1+2*nAvgCellsPerSide)*P(noise per cell) SNR = P(signal) / P(noise per cell) When plotting the power spectrum versus frequency the unit dB/Hz is often used. In this case each spectrum value is divided by the distance between FFT bins in Hz before the dB value is calculated. Notes Doubling the FFT size (and thereby the observation time) improves the SNR by 3dB provided that the signal is a fixed frequency. The estimated SNR value depends on the window function used. To compensate for this effect use the SNR Offset parameter to manually set the offset value, see Define Noise MOT Parameters (page 132). In case the default Hanning window is used leave the SNR Offset = 0. If Zero Padding is used, see Define Miscellaneous MOT Parameters (page 129), the number of averaging cells, guard cells and noise cells per side should be multiplied by the zero padding factor. Doubling the Zero Padding factor increases the SNR value by 3dB. The RCS value remains unchanged. 10.6.8 Define Filtering MOT Parameters To activate this window Open a DAT File (page 91), click the MOT icon and enable Advanced Settings. The parameters on the Filtering tab sheet determine the sensitivity UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 139 DAT File Processing of the tracking algorithms to maneuvers performed by the tracked objects. It also contains parameters to define the operation of the velocity integrator for non-ranging systems. The following processing options are available for velocity, elevation, azimuth and FMCW range:

Use Max. jerk var. If you want to Change how quickly the tracking filter adapts to sudden variations in the acceleration of the tracked target. Higher values lead to a more dynamic filter, which is able to adapt to more abrupt rate changes, but it will also cause the filter to be diverted more easily in cases of small holes in the track or other tracks crossing. Lower values will make the filter less dynamic and more inclined to stay on track, but the filters ability to adapt to sudden rate changes will be reduced. Modify the maximum rate of the target at the beginning of a track. Limit the size of the point-to-track association gate. Max. initial Max. gate Notes Wrong filter parameters especially Max. variation can seriously degrade tracking performance, so care should be taken in choosing the right values. Post-processing similar measurement beforehand to determine a good set of parameters is a good idea. The parameters and thus performance of a given tracking filter is only relevant if gating is performed on that particular filter. 140 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 Other parameters:

Use Range Integrator Initial Range Cond. Initial Time Cond. Estimator DAT File Processing If you want to For non-ranging systems, activate range calculation based on radial velocity integration. For MF-ranging systems, introduce range initial conditions for elimination of ambiguities. Specify the range of the target at a known time. Specify the time to which the range given at Initial Range Cond. is referred. Select what kind of estimator to use for the velocity tracking filter. The options are:

- Single KF: Order 2 Kalman filter. IMM2 (2, 1): IMM estimator with 2

interacting Kalman filters. IMM3(2, 1, 2): IMM estimator with 3 interacting Kalman filters.

See the section CW Channel in the chapter Doppler Track Control in the RTP-2100 manual for a description of the options. 10.6.9 Define Management MOT Parameters To activate this window Open a DAT File (page 91), click the MOT icon and enable Advanced Settings. The parameters on the Management define how tracks are confirmed, maintained and associated to other tracks. The following processing options are available:

UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 141 DAT File Processing Use Plot time Confirmation Time If you want to Change the maximum time separation between two plots for a tentative track to be initiated on them. Without effect if Consec. Only is active. Set the minimum time from the first detection and until the tentative track is evaluated and confirmed

(or rejected). See Confirming the Track (page 142). Confirmation Points Set the minimum number of algorithm cycles

(FFTs) to be performed before a tentative track is evaluated and confirmed (or rejected). See Confirming the Track (page 142). Set the minimum percentage of track detections within the evaluation time. This value defines the confirmation threshold. See Confirming the Track

(page 142). Only allow plots appearing on consecutive FFTs to give rise to a new tentative track. Remove unassigned plots from the final track file. Remove tentative tracks from the final track file. Set the size of the association gates according to the estimated accuracy of the last measurement received by a track. Discard new measurements being added to a track if their Doppler velocities do not correlate with the predicted Doppler velocity for the track.

(see note) If active, an FMCW is only correlated with CW tracks until a match is found and its velocity ambiguity is resolved. If inactive, an FMCW track will be correlated with CW tracks periodically. If active, FMCW tracks may be created even on targets with zero velocity. Confirmation %

Consec. only Discard unassg. Discard. tentat. Last meas. gate Doppler gating Correlate once Zero-Doppler Notes The predicted measurement gates and their size are determined by the values of the parameters on the Noise (see Define Noise MOT Parameters (page 132)) and Filtering (see Define Filtering MOT Parameters (page 139)) tab sheets. 10.6.9.1 Confirming the Track A tentative track is evaluated when it has reached a certain age. The age is defined as a number of potential detections, Nconf, since and including the first detection; see below for more details. 142 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 DAT File Processing The evaluation process counts the number of track detections and compares that to the number of potential detections. If the detection rate is equal to or higher than the confirmation percentage the track is promoted to a confirmed track. The number of potential detections, Nconf, takes two user defined parameters into account: confirmation time and confirmation points. The confirmation time criterion means that the track stays tentative from the first detection and until this time has expired. The number of potential detections within this time window is Nct :

Nct = confirmation time * FFT rate FFT rate = 1 / Tobs / (1 overlap) If we use Tobs = 10ms, overlap = 50% and confirmation time = 200ms we get:Nct = 40. The confirmation points criterion means that at least the specified number of potential detections, Ncp, are evaluated (including the first detection). The actual number of potential detections (FFTs) evaluated is:

Nconf = max {confirmation points, confirmation time * FFT rate}

Note that setting any of the two parameters, confirmation time or confirmation points to zero means that the other parameter defines Nconf. When Nconf potential detections have been collected the tentative track is evaluated by counting the number of track detections Ndet. The track is confirmed if:

Ndet >= Nconf * confirmation percentage / 100 If the tentative track fails to meet this criterion it is discarded. As a consequence all detections associated with the tentative track are discarded as well. Note that this is different from a sliding window approach. As an example we consider the situation where the target we want to track has a probability of detection in each FFT of Pd1 = 0.9. At the same time we need to take into account that other targets are present in the beam and we dont want to track them. They have a probability of detection of Pd2 = 0.6 in each FFT. The following figure shows the probability of track confirmation when a tentative track is established as a function of the number of FFTs considered when evaluating the confirmation percentage = 0.75 criterion. Each of the graphs corresponds to a specific probability of detection in a single FFT, Pd. UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 143 DAT File Processing We note that at Nconf = 10 there is a 0.95 chance of confirming the right track and a 0.23 chance of confirming the wrong track. In most cases this is unacceptable because tracking the wrong target may compromise the mission. At Nconf = 35 there is a 0.995 chance of confirming the right track and a 0.034 chance of confirming the wrong track. So we get a much better probability of locking onto the right target at the cost of a longer time to confirm the track. Note that the graphs are not smooth, whenever (Nconf * confirmation percentage) is an integer the probability of track detection jumps to a higher value. That is because we get an extra FFT output to evaluate, but the number of required detections does not increase compared to (Nconf 1). If the time to confirm the track must be much shorter due to the nature of the mission, then we need to reduce Nconf. When the wanted target detection probability is high, then we may choose to increase the confirmation percentage e.g. to 90%. 144 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 DAT File Processing At Nconf = 10 and Pd1 = 0.95 there is a 0.93 chance of confirming the right track and a 0.07 chance of confirming the wrong track. So even with a higher detection probability the shorter time to confirmation reduces the probability of getting the right track confirmed and increases the probability of confirming the wrong track. 10.6.9.2 About the Track Life Cycle To create a new confirmed track the MOT algorithm performs the following:

1. When two unassigned detections appear within certain limits in Doppler velocity and time then a tentative track is opened. See Define Management MOT Parameters (page 141) and Define Filtering MOT Parameters (page 139). 2. The track will stay tentative until confirmation time seconds has elapsed AND at least confirmation points MOT iterations have been performed. 3. The track is promoted to a confirmed track if the following is true:

The track has received measurements (that lie inside it's gate) for at least confirmation percentage % of its life time, see Confirming the Track (page 142). It is NOT an acceleration modulation (if "Modulation acceleration canceller" is active),

The tentative track is closed if the conditions in step 3 are not met. Note that a tentative track is always alive for at least confirmation time seconds. To delete a confirmed track the MOT algorithm performs the following:

1. Every time an FFT is performed the MOT looks for possible extensions of the track. The detection is assigned to the track if the following is true:

It is within the specified gates of the track It is the most likely track extension to have happened. UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 145 DAT File Processing If one or more detections fall within the gates of two or more tracks THEN the detections are assigned to the tracks on a maximum likelihood basis. 2. The track is deleted without further notice if deletion time seconds has elapsed since the last track point was assigned to the track. Otherwise it stays confirmed. 10.6.10 Define Transponder MOT Parameters To activate this window Open a DAT File (page 91), click the MOT icon and enable Advanced Settings. The parameters on the Transponder tab sheet allow activate the transponder processing functionality. It is possible to keep track of up to 7 transponders (LRT-2100 and/or MC-100). The following processing options are available for each of these:

Use Transponder present Transponder offset If you want to Indicate that the transponder was active when the measurement data was recorded. Enter the frequency offset introduced by the transponder. Enter the delay introduced in the signal by the transponder. This delay is converted into a range offset, which is subtracted from the calculated range. This parameter works both for long-range (LRT-

2100) and normal (MC-100) transponders. Select whether this transponder is a long-range transponder (LRT-2100). The repetition time of the long-range transponder. Delay Long-range transponder Repetition time If the measurement file was generated with the transponder option activated, these parameters are automatically set to the values that were used during the measurement. 146 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 10.6.11 DAT File Processing Define SOT Parameters To activate this window Open a DAT File (page 91), click the MOT icon and enable Advanced Settings. The parameters on the SOT tab sheet control how the most prominent track is selected during or after processing. The following processing options are available in the Track Selection Method list:

Use Real-Time SOT If you want to The most relevant signal at any time being declared as the target of interest and its measurements placed into the same track record. Selecting this option is identical to selecting the SOT processing option under Select the Processing Algorithm (page 97). After a MOT has been performed, only the most relevant tracks according to the previous selection criterion will be kept. Selecting this option is identical to selecting the MOT processing option under Select the Processing Algorithm (page 97). A posteriori SOT MOT The following processing options are available:

Use Hold until deletion If you want to A new most relevant signal will be selected only when the current one has been terminated. Define the criterion according to which a new most relevant signal will be selected. Constrain the search of the most relevant signal only to the CW or the FMCW channel. Selection Rule Waveform Rule UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 147 DAT File Processing 10.7 Use Max. Num. Tracks If you want to Define how many tracks will kept when the A posteriori SOT option is selected. If RT View is selected, it also determines the maximum number of tracks that will be shown on the display simultaneously. Perform Spin Analysis To access the Process Setup window see Open a DAT File (page 91). The Spin Analysis function carries out a MOT process on a motion compensated signal so that separate tracks are generated for the object signal (frequency translated to DC after the motion compensation) and the spin modulation signals located inside a predefined frequency range around the target signal. A prerequisite to initiate a Spin Analysis is having completed a MOT/SOT process of the object for which a Spin Analysis is required (see Detect Single/Multi Object Tracks (page 112) for further details) and generated a result in a Work File with the trajectory of the object (see Generate Work File Results (page 124)). To perform the Spin Analysis:

1. Select the Spin Analysis processing option. 2. Configure Spin Analysis Options (page 150). 3. Click the Process button. 4. In the form that appears select the trajectory in the selected Work File that contains the data for which the spin analysis is performed and click Ok. 148 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 DAT File Processing 5. A Track Control window for the Spin Analysis results appears which allows to fine edit the results of the algorithm. Besides the Unassigned and Tentative entries the Spin Analysis results consist of a track corresponding to the object itself (Main Object track), which cannot be deleted but whose points may be moved from and to another track, and a series of Spin tracks which represent the found spin signals. See Use the Track Control Window (page 114) for further details on track editing. In general the spin track with the lowest offset from the Main Object track is the one that contains the desired spin information. Typically this spin track has an image with which it can be merged (see Change the Properties of a Track (page 116)) to maximize the time for which a spin measurement is available. UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 149 DAT File Processing 6. To create a Work File result with the Main Object track plus the desired spin information, select only one spin track on Track Control window (in general one which can be the result of merging several initial spin tracks) and click Make WRK. 10.7.1 Configure Spin Analysis Options To activate this window Open a DAT File (page 91), click the Spin Analysis icon and enable Advanced Settings. The following options are available:

Use From Workfile If you want to Modify the Work File from which the object trajectory must be read. Click on the button to right to open the file open dialog box. 150 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 10.8 DAT File Processing If you want to Use Spin Division Factor Set the factor that relates the frequency of the found spin modulations and the actual objects spin rate. This factor is a function of the characteristics of the object. As a rule of thumb, this factor must be set to the number of fins of the projectile if this is an even number and twice this value if the projectile has an odd number of fins. Maximum Spin (rps) Limit the maximum spin rate that the algorithm tries to identify. Perform Channel Verification To access the Process Setup window see Open a DAT File (page 91). Channel Verification is a set of plots that share the property that there is a graph for each processed channel plus a graph for the summation of the channels. The plots are used to verify or diagnose the overall performance of each channel in the antenna that was used to record the DAT file. To activate the Channel Verification:

1. Select the ChStatus processing option. 2. Configure the FFT Parameters (page 98). 3. Select a predefined set of MOT Parameters (page 113). 4. Select the IQ Channels to include in the processing. 5. Select Channel Verification Output (page 151). 6. Click the Process button. The status bar shows the progress of the processing for each channel. When complete the output plot is shown. The processing is performed by running a SOT on the data for each channel and then calculating the desired output on the result of the SOT processing. Therefore the output is dependent on the SOT parameters. 10.8.1 Select Channel Verification Output To activate this window Open a DAT File (page 91), click the ChStatus icon and enable Advanced Settings. On the Channel Status Options tab sheet you the output you want. UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 151 DAT File Processing The following processing options are available:

Use Loop Gain plots

(page 152) If you want to When you have a measurement of an object where the actual radar cross section is known and you want to evaluate the performance of each channel. When you have a measurement of an object where the actual radar cross section is unknown and you want to evaluate the performance of each channel. When you have a measurement of an object and you want to evaluate the signal to noise ratio of each channel. When you have a measurement of thin air

(elevation > 80 deg) and you want to evaluate the noise levels of each channel in the antenna. Q-factor plots (page 154) SNR plots (page 155) Noise plots (page 157) 10.8.2 Loop Gain Plots The Loop Gain plot is divided in two sections: A graph to the left and a list to the right. 152 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 DAT File Processing The graph displays the measured loop gain as dots and the average loop gain as a horizontal line. The list contains the channels that have been processed and the average loop gain for each channel. You can uncheck a channel to remove it from the graph. The parameters for the calculation of the loop gain can be modified:

Use From To RCS If you want to Change the range interval to include in the calculation of average loop gain for each channel. Change the radar cross section of the measured object. The calculation of the loop gain uses this value. Recalculate the loop gain of each channel with the entered limits and RCS. Refresh Print Loop Gain Plot There are two ways to print a loop gain plot. To print a loop gain graph alone:

1. Right click the graph and select Print 2. Adjust the print options. 3. Click Print. To print a loop gain plot including the list of average values:

1. On the File menu, select Print 2. Adjust the print options. 3. Click Print. Export Loop Gain Plot UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 153 DAT File Processing There are two ways to export a loop gain plot. To export a loop gain graph alone:

1. Right click the graph and select Save Bitmap or Export Data 2. Enter a file name. 3. Select a file type. 4. Click Save. To export a loop gain plot including the list of average values:

1. On the File menu, select Save Bitmap or Export Data 2. Enter a file name. 3. Select a file type. 4. Click Save. 10.8.3 Q-factor Plots The q-factor plot is divided in two sections: A graph to the left and a list to the right. The graph displays the measured q-factor as dots and the average q-factor as a horizontal line. The list contains the channels that have been processed and the average q-factor for each channel. You can uncheck a channel to remove it from the graph. The parameters for the calculation of the q-factor can be modified:

Use From If you want to Change the range interval to include in the calculation of average q-factor for each channel. To 154 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 Use Refresh If you want to Recalculate the q-factor of each channel with the entered range limit. DAT File Processing Print Q-factor Plot There are two ways to print a q-factor plot. To print a q-factor graph alone:

1. Right click the graph and select Print 2. Adjust the print options. 3. Click Print. To print a q-factor plot including the list of average values:

1. On the File menu, select Print 2. Adjust the print options. 3. Click Print. Export Q-factor Plot There are two ways to export a q-factor plot. To export a q-factor graph alone:

1. Right click the graph and select Save Bitmap or Export Data 2. Enter a file name. 3. Select a file type. 4. Click Save. To export a q-factor plot including the list of average values:

1. On the File menu, select Save Bitmap or Export Data 2. Enter a file name. 3. Select a file type. 4. Click Save. 10.8.4 SNR Plots The signal to noise ration (SNR) plot is divided in two sections: A graph to the left and a list to the right. UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 155 DAT File Processing The graph displays the measured SNR as dots and the average SNR as a horizontal line. The list contains the channels that have been processed and the average SNR for each channel. You can uncheck a channel to remove it from the graph. The parameters for the calculation of the SNR can be modified:

Use From To Refresh If you want to Change the time interval included in the calculation of average SNR for each channel. Recalculate the SNR of each channel with the entered time interval. Print SNR Plot There are two ways to print a SNR plot. To print a SNR graph alone:

1. Right click the graph and select Print 2. Adjust the print options. 3. Click Print. To print a SNR plot including the list of average values:

1. On the File menu, select Print 2. Adjust the print options. 3. Click Print. Export SNR Plot There are two ways to export a SNR plot. To export a SNR graph alone:

1. Right click the graph and select Save Bitmap or Export Data 156 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 DAT File Processing 2. Enter a file name. 3. Select a file type. 4. Click Save. To export a SNR plot including the list of average values:

1. On the File menu, select Save Bitmap or Export Data 2. Enter a file name. 3. Select a file type. 4. Click Save. 10.8.5 Noise Plots As the noise plots are calculated several VTI plots will flick up on the screen. The final noise plot looks like below. The graph can be zoomed by dragging the mouse in the graph. To print a noise plot:

1. Right click the graph and select Print 2. Adjust the print options. 3. Click Print. To export a noise plot:

1. Right click the graph and select Save Bitmap or Export Data 2. Enter a file name. 3. Select a file type. 4. Click Save. Weibel proprietary 157 UG-2624 1.47 DAT File Processing 10.9 Perform Inbore Analysis To access the Process Setup window see Open a DAT File (page 91). The Inbore Analysis function carries out an inbore velocity search to detect high accelerating objects measured within the barrel. To perform the Inbore Analysis:

1. Select the Inbore Analysis processing option. 2. Configure Inbore Analysis Options (page 159). 3. Click the Process button. 4. A Track Control window for the Inbore Analysis results appears which allows to fine edit the results of the algorithm. The Inbore Object track represents the found inbore signal. See Use the Track Control Window (page 114) for further details on track editing. If the Perform SOT option were selected (see Configure Inbore Analysis Options (page 159)) the Inbore Analysis results also consists of Unassigned and Tentative entries, and a track representing the found SOT result. 5. Set the Min/Max time for the Inbore processing, either by:

- entering the values:

- or zoom in on the STDraw, right-click and choose the Process menu option. 158 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 DAT File Processing 6. Fine adjust the Inbore processing parameters, and press Process to reprocess the inbore result. See Configure Inbore Analysis Options (page 159) for additional information. 7. If needed, locate the time for first movement and place the First Movement marker. See Place First Movement Marker (page 161). 8. To create a Work File result with the Inbore Object track click Make WRK. 10.9.1 Configure Inbore Analysis Options To activate this window Open a DAT File (page 91), click the Inbore Analysis icon and enable Advanced Settings. UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 159 DAT File Processing The following options are available:

Use Method If you want to Inbore Analysis method. See below for further information. Enable a specific time interval. If disabled the entire track time will be analyzed. Specific start time. Leave blank to use the tracks original start time. Specific end time. Leave blank to use the tracks original end time. Velocity points below this limit will be discarded. Leave blank for no LowCut-filtering. Velocity points above this limit will be discarded. Leave blank for no HighCut-filtering. The exclusion level is a procentage of the maximum peak-peak level in the search window. Apply inbore mode correction. Combine the Inbore results with the results from a SOT processing. For more details see Detect Single/Multi Object Tracks (page 112). Time Interval Start Time End Time LowCut Filter HighCut Filter Exclusion Level Mode Correction Perform SOT The following Inbore Analysis methods are available:

Method MinMax peak detection Description Zero-crossing and Min/Max detection that returns a velocity point after each zero-crossing of the signal in combination with the Min/Max detection. 160 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 DAT File Processing Method Sinus Curvefitting

(half-period) Hilbert transformation Description Using a half-period sinus curve fitting to find the frequency of the signal. This method returns a velocity point every half-period. Using the phase information from the IQ-signal to calculate the frequency. For non-IQ antennas this method is used to generate the IQ signals. The result is velocity points for every sample but to increase the accuracy the results is typically averaged over 20-50 samples. 10.9.2 Place First Movement Marker The First Movement marker is an optional marker that can be manually placed to mark the exact time for when the object starts to move. To place a First Movement marker:

1. Locate the exact time/position on the STDraw and place the normal marker. 2. Right-click on the position and choose the Mark as First Movement option. 3. The Inbore processing will now be forced to start at this point. A red warning text will appear and the start time will be locked to this specific time. 4. Fine adjust the Inbore processing, if needed. 5. To adjust the First Movement time, place the marker at the new time/position and choose the Mark as First Movement menu option again. UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 161 DAT File Processing 6. To reset the First Movement marker, right-click anywhere on the STDraw and choose the Reset First Movement menu option. 7. To create a Work File result with the Inbore Object track click Make WRK. 8. If placed, the First Movement marker can be used as reference time and mark where T=0. End of Chapter 162 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 WRK File Processing 11 WRK File Processing 11.1 Introduction The WRK file holds information about the tracks detected in the signal. Each track is a fragment of the trajectory of an object comprising a number of individual time-space-

position measurement points. The WRK file contains track data obtained during the measurement and track data which is the result of post processing, see DAT File Processing (page 91). The WRK file processing tool derives a large number of trajectory characteristics like ground track, drag, retardation, tangential velocity and other parameters valuable for ballistics analysis. Another powerful tool is the fitting or smoothing tool that calculates a set of polynomials that fit the measured data in an optimum way. This way a number of parameters are derived from the measured trajectory even if it is very noisy. A similar technique is applies to extrapolate the trajectory beyond the measured data and estimate the muzzle velocity or the impact point. WRK file processing runs entirely on the Instrumentation Controller and uses the stored WRK file from the measurement or from the processed DAT file. To run the Analysis, you must first load the WRK file stored immediately after the measurement, see Open a WRK File (page 163). 11.2 Open a WRK File To open and process a WRK file:

1. On the File menu, click Open 2. From the file select window choose the WRK file 3. Click Open and the work file view is displayed, see below. 4. Use the Work File Tools and Windows (page 164). The following window appears:

UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 163 WRK File Processing The main window to the right is the graph area, where all graphs are drawn. The smaller windows located to the left provide a number of tools for configuring and manipulating the graphs. Notes A WRK file can also be opened by double-clicking on the file in Windows Explorer or dragging the file from Windows Explorer to the WinTrack window or icon. 11.3 Work File Tools and Windows Once a work file is opened a number of tools for displaying and manipulating the work file contents become available, see Open a WRK File (page 163). The following actions are supported:

Action Objective Access one of the most frequently used Use the Work File functions. Tool Bar (page 165) Control which of the tracks present in the WRK Use the Track List

(page 166) file to draw in the graph area. Manipulate tracks or the parameters associated with it. Define the number of graphs drawn in the graph area. Configure the Graph Layout (page 167) 164 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 11.3.1 WRK File Processing Action Choose a Graph View

(page 167) Select a Predefined Layout (page 168) Use the Info Window

(page 169) Use the Graph Area

(page 169) Enable/Disable Points in a Track (page 171) Print or Export Track Graphics (page 172) Objective Select a view for a specific graph, just drag-and-

drop the view on the graph. Define a new view, if the list does not already provide the view you want. Select a predefined layout defining the number of graphs in the graph area and their contents. View specific points. Configure the graph presentation. Make individual points of the graph valid or invalid. Print or export graphs to a file. Use the Work File Tool Bar When a work file is opened, see Open a WRK File (page 163), the work file tool bar appears just below the main tool bar. It provides easy access to the most commonly used tools and editing modes for work file processing. Menu Item Function Switch to the zoom in/out mode in the graph area. Switch to the point select mode in the graph area. Show the polynomial fits on the graph. Plot the difference between the fit and the measured data points. Plot the difference between all visible tracks and the fit of the selected reference track, see Use the Graph Area (page 169). Select which points to show. Redraw any pending changes. Notes Enable Plot Track Difference affects only graphs with a fittable value versus time. These graphs show the text Track Difference under the graph. Other graphs are shown in normal view. UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 165 WRK File Processing 11.3.2 Use the Track List The Track List Window shows all the tracks in the work file. Tracks are collected in groups. The track list shown above contains four tracks, collected into three groups. There are four types of tracks/groups, and they have slightly different properties:

Track type Processing Properties Processing tracks are tracks that were created by post-processing the measurement data. Each processing will result in one group with all the created tracks. Processing tracks can be manipulated freely, without the restrictions that apply to online tracks. It is possible to select which transformations should be activated when a processing group is opened for the first time. This is done in Customize Post-Processing (page 16). This is a collection of tracks that are not assigned to a group. This occurs when opening a work file saved in an older version. Since these tracks may have different origins and may have had different transformations applied, no transformations will be active by default. These are predicted tracks, see Predict the Trajectory (page 23). Since these are not measured tracks, transformations are rarely needed, so no transformations will be active by default. Ungrouped Prediction Track-group assignment is not definite. The tracks can organized by dragging a track while optionally holding down a modifier key, as described below:

Destination Modifier Description Group Group Ctrl Moves the track to the destination group. Copies the track to the destination group. The result if a processing track, regardless of the source type. Merges the source track into the destination track, leaving the source track unchanged. Track 166 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 WRK File Processing Thus, if the need to work on an online track should arise, it can be done by dragging it to make a working copy and using it instead. Tracks and groups have check boxes, which are used to show or hide tracks and/or groups of tracks. A track is visible if the track itself and its group are checked. Right-clicking a track or group brings up a context menu with all possible actions. See Edit and Analyze Tracks (page 173). 11.3.3 Configure the Graph Layout The graph area is available for 1 to 6 independent graphs. Select the graph layout from the No. Of Graphs drop-down box:

Notes Use the mouse to move the boundaries between the graphs. 11.3.4 Choose a Graph View The graph view defines which track parameters are displayed, either raw measurement data, e.g. radial velocity versus time, or derived track parameters, e.g. drag versus tangential velocity. It furthermore defines which units to use on the axes. To view the track data and the polynomial fit just select the view from the Groups and Views list and drag-and-drop it on the graph, where you want to see the view. UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 167 WRK File Processing To add a new graph view click the Add link in the upper right corner of the Groups and Views box, Define or Edit a Graph View (page 195). Notes The views are arranged according to the coordinate system used. See Work with Coordinate Systems (page 31). Its easy to add more groups, see Define or Edit a Graph View (page 195). 11.3.5 Select a Predefined Layout A list of predefined layouts are available in the Layouts box, which is part of the WRK file view window, see Open a WRK File (page 163). The layout defines the number of graphs as well as the view displayed in each of the graphs. Click one of the layouts to use it. The layout is automatically applied to the graph area. To add a new layout:

1. Manually Configure the Graph Layout (page 167) and Choose a Graph View

(page 167) for each of the graphs. 2. Click the Add link in the upper right corner of the Layouts box to get the following window:

168 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 WRK File Processing 3. Enter the Layout Name and click OK. Notes Other layout operations like Rename, Delete and Assign Shortcut are available by right clicking a layout name. 11.3.6 Use the Info Window The info window provides the parameter values for individual points in the track. Notes Click one of the tracks in one of graphs to select the point closest to the cross hair. Use the left/right arrow keys to move back and forth in the track. 11.3.7 Use the Graph Area To define the contents of a specific graph, see Choose a Graph View (page 167). The data is transformed and presented in the graph. To further configure the graph:

1. Select the View menu item to get the following options:

UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 169 WRK File Processing 2. Select the option from the list. 3. The graph area is automatically updated. Enable/Select Manager Section Fits Fit Difference Track Difference

(Select Reference) Show Accuracy Graphs Show Fit Accuracy Graphs Points Fits From t = 0 Fitted Values For Invalid Points Legend Grid Header If you want to Enable the control windows; see Work File Tools and Windows (page 164). Enable fits in the graphs. Plot the difference between the fits and the measured data points. Plot the difference between the visible tracks and the fit of a selected reference track. Show the accuracy of the measured values. Show the accuracy of the fitted values. Select which points to include in the plot. Start the fit in t = 0. Also show fitted values where data points are invalid. Enable legend information on each graph. Enable vertical and horizontal grids on the graphs. Enable the header. 170 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 WRK File Processing Enable/Select Search For a View Refresh Play Select All Points Valid Points Invalid Points No Points If you want to Search for a view containing a specified substring in the name. Recalculate the views and refresh the graphs. Play the on-line information available in the WRK file using the current on line view. If you want to Draw both valid and invalid points in the graphs. Draw only the valid points in the graphs. Draw only the invalid points in the graphs. Draw no points; drawing the fits is still possible. 11.3.8 Enable/Disable Points in a Track The measurement points in a track are shown as colored dots in the graph. To control which points are drawn in the graph see: Use the Graph Area (page 169). They also contribute to the interpolation process depending on their validity status: valid points are taken into account and invalid points are ignored. To make points in a track invalid:

1. Enable the relevant tracks, see Use the Track List (page 166). 2. Click the Zoom mode icon in the tool bar:

3. Select the area of interest using the mouse pointer to make a zoom. 4. Click the Edit mode icon in the tool bar:

5. Click a measurement point to select it or use the mouse pointer to select a group of points:

. UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 171 WRK File Processing A square black box is drawn around the point. 6. Hit the Delete key to make the data point invalid. Note that it changes color. In this example a single point from the rap155 track is selected and made invalid. Notes To make a point valid use the same procedure as above and hit the Insert key in step 6. To select a sequence of points:

1. Click on the first point. 2. Hold Shift down and click on the last point. You can select scattered points by holding Ctrl down while clicking on points with the mouse. You may enable/disable tracks after zooming in on a detail. To move data points from one track to another see Add or Delete Points from a Track (page 118) in the DAT File Processing section. 11.3.9 Print or Export Track Graphics The graphs shown in the track view can be printed or exported to a graphics file for use in a document or report. To print or export a single graph:

1. Right click the graph to get the following options:

2. Select Print if you want to send the graph to a printer. Select Save Bitmap or Export Data if your want to save the graph in a graphic file or a text file. To print or export all graphs in a single plot:

1. On the menu bar select File. 2. Select Print to send the graphs to a printer. Select Save Bitmap if your want to save the graph in a graphic file. Notes To configure the header, footer, height and width of the print-out or graphics file, see Customize Graphics Export (page 14). 172 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 11.4 WRK File Processing Edit and Analyze Tracks Right-clicking an item will bring up a context menu with available options. The options will depend on the type of item. The table below presents all the options:

Option Main New group Rename Background Creates a new track group. Group Track Description Context Lets the user rename the item. This option is not available for online tracks and the online track group. Deletes the item. This option is not available for online tracks and the online track group. Opens the parameter list/editor. Select the coordinate frame in which fitting is performed. See Select Fitting Mode

(page 181). Select the muzzle velocity calculation method. See Calculate Muzzle Velocity

(page 183). Extrapolate the track to estimate the point of impact. Change the color of the track. Configure the coordinate systems used. See Work with Coordinate Systems (page 31). Opens the fit editor. See Edit the Fit Information (page 186). Opens the extrapolation editor. See Edit the Extrapolation Parameters (page 174). Lets the user export the track to several different formats, a.o. ASCII format. See Export Track Data (page 176). Generate a pre-programmed curve based on the fits of the selected track. The curve can later be sent to a tracking controller device to ensure safe data acquisition. Delete Parameters Select Fitting Coordinate System Calculate Muzzle Velocity Group Track Track Track Track Track Calculate Impact Point Change Color Edit Coordinate Systems Group Track Fit info Extrapolation Export Track Data Preprogrammed Curve Track Track Track Track UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 173 WRK File Processing 11.4.1 Edit the Extrapolation Parameters The extrapolation parameters control how the measured data set is used to estimate the impact point of the object. To edit the extrapolation parameters:

1. Open the Extrapolation window. See Edit and Analyze tracks (page 173). 2. Make the appropriate changes (if any) and click OK. 3. To estimate the impact point using the current setting, repeat steps 1 and 2 above and click Calculate Impact Point and view the results window:

174 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 WRK File Processing Configure/select Enable extrapolation Start extrapolation at Time Height Use height above Ellipsoid Point Mass (3DOF) Modified Point Mass

(4DOF) Five Degrees of Freedom (5DOF) Use Coriolis force in drag calculation Thrust time If you want to Use the built in algorithms for impact estimation. Specify when the last valid position/velocity point is. Data after this point is not used in the extrapolation. Use a known impact time to define the impact. Use the crossing of a certain height above the ellipsoid to define the impact. Enable the height above ellipsoid parameter. Use the point mass ballistic model. Use the modified point mass ballistic model. Use the five degrees of freedom ballistic model. This feature is only available when using STANAG 4355 ballistic extrapolation. Take the Coriolis force into account, when the extrapolated points are calculated. Indicates how long the object is influenced by other than aerodynamic forces. Relevant for objects like rockets. UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 175 WRK File Processing Notes The extrapolated part of the fitted curve is drawn in the same color as the grid in the graphs. 11.4.2 Export Track Data Track data may be exported to an ASCII or binary file for further processing. The Export Track Data is opened by right-clicking a track and selecting Export Track Data. Configure/select Measurement Points Interpolated Data If you want to Export the measurement points detected in the signal. Export date that is a smooth interpolation of the measurement points. 176 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 WRK File Processing Configure/select From time To time Time Step All measured points Replace non-valid points with NA Remove non-valid points (entire row) Include header in top of file Include column titles All Variable Custom Variables Output Format If you want to Export interpolated data from this time and forward. Export interpolated data until this time. Set the distance between interpolated data. Export all valid and non-valid measured points. Replace non-valid measured points with NA when exporting measurement points. Remove rows with non-valid measured points when exporting measurement points. Include a text header in the beginning of the file. This option only applies to ASCII formatted files. Press the Config button to select the header contents, see Configure Export Data Header

(page 180). Include column titles. This option only applies to ASCII formatted files. Include all variables Select which parameters to include, see Configure the Export Data List (page 179). Choose the output format see below Output Description ASCII text with scientific format (e.g. 1.00e-02) Output formats to choose between:

Format ASCII Format

(Scientific) ASCII Format (Fixed) ASCII text with fixed format (e.g. 0.010000) Binary Format Ballistic Modeling Data Google Earth Data Binary format Ballistic Data (.drg) Google Earth KMZ data. See Export Track Data for Google Earth (page 177) 11.4.2.1 Export Track Data for Google Earth The Export Track Data (page 176) supports exporting track data to Google Earth as .KMZ files. By choosing the Google Earth Data format the following options appear:

UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 177 WRK File Processing Option Tracks Export Timeline Time Step Radar Description Select which track to export Enable this option to export time information for track points at specific time steps (see option below). A TimeLine tool will appear in Google Earth. Use this tool to step through time or to make an animation. Choose the time step. Select this option to export the radar position. The radar will then be showed as a special marking in Google Earth. 178 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 11.4.2.2 WRK File Processing Configure the Export Data List The data export is controlled by the export data list, visible in the Export Track Data (page 176) window. A number of predefined parameter lists are available, click Load and select one of the CFG files. To add and configure a parameter to the export data list:

1. In the Export Data List window click Add Variable to get this window:

Select a variable and click OK to add it to the list. 2. 3. Right click the Parameter to get this window:

4. Click Unit to get this window:

UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 179 WRK File Processing 5. Click to select the unit from the list. 6. Repeat step 3. and click Fitted Values to get this window:

Select Yes to use fitted values, No to use measured values. 7. 8. Repeat step 3. and click Accuracy Values to get this window:

9. 10. 11. Select Yes to export accuracy values as an extra column. If Fitted Values (see step 6) has been set to Yes it will export the accuracy for the fitted values instead of the measured value. In the Export Data List window click Add Text to add a fixed string to the list. This string will be exported as it is. In the Export Data List window click Add Value to add a fixed value to the list. This value will be exported as it is. 11.4.2.3 Configure Export Data Header Configure the header contents by pressing the Config button on the Export Track Data

(page 176) dialog. This will show the following dialog. Choose what to include in the export header. Option Mission Info Antenna Info Target Characteristics Target information, like weight and diameter Meteorological Data Position Info Description General mission information Antenna type and serial number Meteorological data, like temperature. Radar, Launcher and Local position information. 180 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 Additional Header information:

WRK File Processing Option Muzzle Velocity Description Muzzle velocity and its accuracy. Choose Config to configure the muzzle velocity calculation, see Calculate Muzzle Velocity (page 183). The impact point The point of heighest altitude (Ellips) User-defined events Impact Point Apex (Altitude, Ellip.) Events Notes Be advised, the Additional Header Elements options might need to change the current track setting, like enabling extrapolation or changing the fitting coordinate system. 11.4.3 Select Fitting Mode The fitting process takes a single set of parameters versus time and finds an optimum set of polynomials, and uses them for interpolation. When fitting is applied to the polar coordinates, see Edit the Fit Information (page 186), the first radial velocity points as seen from the radar are heavily impacted by the parallax caused by the offset and setback of the radar relative to the launcher, and may thus be difficult to approximate by a polynomial. Seen from the launcher there is no parallax effect and therefore the measured polar coordinates are smoother. This may lead to a more accurate fit using lower order polynomials. To configure the fitting coordinate system, right-click a track and select Select Fitting Coordinate System. This will bring up the window shown below. UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 181 WRK File Processing Configure/select Radar Coordinate System Launcher Coordinate System If you want to Fit the polar data using the radar coordinate system. Fit the polar data using the launcher coordinate system. When fitting in the Launcher Coordinate System is selected one or more options in the dialog becomes available, depending on whether range exists or not. The following options are available:

Configure/select Use all range values from radar Use first range value from radar and integrate radial velocity Use Angle Fitting to estimate range If you want to Use the range found by the radar

(range radar only). Use the first valid range value found by the radar and integrate the radial velocity from that point. Find the range values that match well with the azimuth/elevation angles and the radial velocity values observed by the radar. Use only the radial velocity values observed by the radar to estimate the range. Use Ballistic/Geometric method to estimate range Radar Range Range Range Non-range Range Non-range 11.4.3.1 Methods for Parallax Estimation To perform the conversion from radar to launcher coordinates we need the exact location of the launcher relative to the radar and for each data point a good range to the target. For a non-ranging radar we need to estimate the range based on the available information. We offer two options:

Range/Parallax Method Ballistic/Geometric Description Use only the radial velocity values observed by the radar to estimate the range. Assume that the target is following a simple point mass ballistic trajectory based on the location and orientation

(elevation and bearing to North) of the launcher as entered by the operator. Notes The Ballistic/Geometric method may yield better results when the distance is smaller than 1000m and the location and orientation of the launcher are accurate. The values entered during the measurement may be corrected afterwards, see Edit and Analyze Tracks (page 173). 182 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 11.4.4 11.4.5 WRK File Processing Define Projectile Parameters for Extrapolation The Projectile Parameters groupbox has multiple entries for defining the physical characteristics of the projectile. The entries will be activated/deactivated depending on the ballistic model selected for extrapolation. The values of angular velocity can be controlled from the Use measured angular velocity checkbox. When this is checked the measured angular velocities will be used while the specified angular velocities will be used otherwise. It is noted that only the longitudinal angular velocity can be measured. The ballistic models used for extrapolation do not include any thrust forces and are applicable only for projectiles without propulsive thrust. Define Simulation Parameters for Extrapolation The Max sample points define an upper limit on the number of points that will be calculated in the ballistic simulation. The Sample period defines the time difference between two consecutive samples in the ballistic simulation. The Step size is used to control the accuracy of the numerical simulation. The step size depends on the physical characteristics of the system and should always be assessed for any given system. It is recommended that the step size be reduced until the accuracy converges to an acceptable level. It is noted that reducing the step size may result in excessive computation times. If the step size is chosen too low it may compromise accuracy because of rounding errors. The fitting algorithm used for ballistic extrapolation differs from the algorithm used for ordinary extrapolation. The algorithm is based on polynomial fitting where the Fitting order defines the order of the polynomial. Since most ballistic trajectories are similar to a parabola it is recommended that the fitting order be set to two or three. The Fitting points define the number of points used for polynomial fitting. The points will be arranged symmetrically around the point to be fitted. Notes The ordinary Fitting Editor cannot be used for setting the fitting parameters for ballistic extrapolation. 11.4.6 Calculate Muzzle Velocity To calculate the muzzle velocity, right-click a track and select Calculate Muzzle Velocity. This will bring up the window shown below. UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 183 WRK File Processing Select Tangential velocities, sliding fit Radial velocities, intelligent fitting Description Evaluates the interpolated tangential velocities in t = 0. The tangential velocities have been found based on the parallax routine choosed in Select Fitting Mode (page 181) and the fit parameters set in Change the Fit Parameters

(page 187). Data points from t = 0 to t = Time limit are used in the calculation. First, the points with a SNR below the SNR threshold is excluded, then the raw measured radial velocities are parallax compensated without using angles or range. The velocities are then fitted in the following way where each fit uses every valid data point:

A 4th order fit is made, and the data points are excluded one at a time until the tolerance of the total velocity fit meets the tolerance specified by Semi tolerance (See note below). When the best 4th order fit has been found, a 2nd order fit is made. If the tolerance of the fit is worse than the tolerance accomplished by the 4th order fit, the measurement base is too long and points are removed from the end until the tolerance is coming close to the tolerance reference. Finally, the procedure checks whether a 1st order fit is more suitable than the 2nd order fit. This is done by choosing the fit with the highest muzzle velocity. Notes The three parameters: Time limit, Semi tolerance and SNR threshold are only used in the intelligent fitting method. 184 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 WRK File Processing The limits of the parameters are as follows: Time limit: 0 10 s, Semi tolerance: 0-100 %, SNR threshold: positive value. The Tolerance is based on a standard Deviation of the point difference between points and fit relative to the average velocity. The parallax compensation in the second method is most precise for weapons close (< 10 m) to the antenna and with the first data point before about 200 ms. If the radar supports range, use the first method. Output from the intelligent fitting routine is a table with information and a graph showing the points used in the fitting (green) and the points excluded from the fitting (red):

UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 185 WRK File Processing 11.5 Edit the Fit Information Input to the fitting process is a set of measurement data and the fit information controlling the fitting process. Output from the fitting process is a set of fit data, which is a sampling of the polynomials, fitted to the data. The fit information determines how to split the trajectory into small time windows and how to fit a polynomial to the measured data in each window. For more information see About Polynomial Fitting (page 192). To access the fit information editor:

1. Click the track to select it. 2. Right click the track and select the Edit Fit Info to activate the editor. The following window is displayed:

Although the radar does not directly detect angles WinDopp estimates the elevation and azimuth angles based on the initial launcher pointing (entered by the operator) and a simple ballistic model. In this example the measurement parameters are: Velocity, Elevation, Azimuth and Range. The fit information is defined for each of the parameters independently and it contains one or more segments, each holding a set of fit parameters. Two or more segments are useful if an event during the measurement, e.g. ignition of a rocket motor, has a significant impact on the characteristics of the trajectory. To add more segments to the fit information, see Split a Time Segment (page 188). Use Select a Fit Set to Load Fitting Type If you want to Load a predefined set of fit parameters. Fitting Editor area Save As Select either polar or cartesian coordinates for the fitting process. Configure individual fit parameters, see Change the Fit Parameters (page 187). Save the current set of fit parameters for later use. 186 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 WRK File Processing Use Set As Default If you want to Use the current set of fit parameters every time a new work is generated from a DAT file or a measurement. Notes A polar fit is normally preferred. A rectangular fit may give a better result for measurements on objects like airplanes and helicopters. (A rectangular fit requires measured range data i.e. a ranging antenna.) 11.5.1 Change the Fit Parameters To change any of the fit parameters, 1. Activate the fit editor, see Edit the Fit Information (page 186). 2. Click the numerical value to highlight it. 3. Edit the value (delete characters using Backspace). 4. Repeat steps 2. and 3. as needed. 5. Click OK when finished. Change Tstart Tstop Tobs Tstep Order Cont Spline If you want to Define when the time segment starts. Define when the time segment ends. Define the size of the time window that one polynomial is based on. Define the size of the step in time taken before calculating the next polynomial. Set the order of the polynomials. Select the boundary condition for the current segment meeting the previous segment, see below Select the boundary condition for one polynomial meeting the previous polynomial within the same segment, see below Define a start value for the fit. Value at t=0 When configuring either the Cont or the Spline boundary condition:

Select Not continuous If you want to Optimize the polynomial without taking any boundary condition into account. Force the two bordering polynomials to meet. Continuous Notes Setting Tobs > Tstep means that the polynomial is based on data UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 187 WRK File Processing 11.5.2 from a larger interval than the interval where the polynomial is used for interpolation. If Tstep = 0 then a new polynomial is calculated for each new measurement point. Split a Time Segment If an event happens at a certain point in the data set, we may want to separate the polynomial fitting before and after the event. In this situation we split the measurement time into two (or more) segments each with their own set of polynomial specifications: Order, Tobs, Tstep etc. To split a time segment into two segments:

1. Click the row in the edit window that represents the segment you want to split, see Edit the Fit Information (page 186). 2. Right click to get the following options:

3. Select Insert Row to get the following options:

11.5.2.1

. 4. Select Insert Row After and enter the time boundary between the two segments. Using Two Velocity Time Segments The following figures show the raw and the fitted radial velocity of a 155 mm RAP projectile around the time when the rocket motor starts (approximately 6.67 seconds). Both fits use the following parameters: Tobs = 0.2, Tstep = 0.0, Order = 2, Cont = Not continuous, Spline = Not continuous. The first figure shows the result of using only one segment from start to end of the measurement:

188 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 WRK File Processing A typical U shape is seen in the transition area, where Tobs overlap both the rocket-off and rocket-on measurement points. This clearly does not depict the real trajectory data. The second figure shows the result of inserting a segment boundary at t = 6.67 seconds:

UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 189 WRK File Processing The V shape indicates that the polynomial fitting on one side of the segment boundary does not take any measurement points from the other side into account. The result is a more accurate fit. Notes The time boundary entered becomes the new Tstop of the original segment and the Tstart of the new segment. The fitted velocity is plotted by sampling the fit polynomials every 10 ms and then a straight line is drawn between the samples. 190 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 11.5.2.2 WRK File Processing Using Two Azimuth Time Segments When the trajectory passes through 180 degrees the polynomial fit may look like this:

Note the overshoot of the fitted values (blue line) which is caused by the polynomial fits trying to bridge the apparent 360 degree jump between the two segments of the data. A simple work-around to this problem is to split the azimuth time segment somewhere between the last point of the first segment and the first point of the second segment. The time can be found by zooming in or by using the Edit mode (

arrow keys to move the square box between the two track points on each side of the transition. The Point Info box to the left shows the time of the track point:

). Use the right/left In this case the time of the two track points are: 509.1 and 509.2. Therefore we decide to split the original segment at t = 509.15 seconds. Open the Fitting Editor and insert the new segment, see Split a Time Segment (page 188). The result looks like this:

UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 191 WRK File Processing Click Ok to re-calculate the fit polynomials based on the new set of fit definitions:

11.5.3 This method works because the segmentation prevents data points from one side of the transition to be used for polynomials on the other side of the transition. About Polynomial Fitting We use polynomial fitting to approximate a data set of with a polynomial of a specified Order. The best fit is defined as the polynomial with the least sum of squared deviations from the data set. Note that the time increment may vary, e.g. if a data point is missing. Often the complete data set from Tstart to Tstop is not well approximated by just one polynomial, but the local behavior is still well described by a polynomial. Instead of just one polynomial a set of polynomials is used, each covering an interval of time-values and each optimized for a specific subset of the data set. Tstep specifies the distance in time between two polynomials. This means that a new polynomial is calculated for every Tstep seconds and that each polynomial is valid (for interpolation, derivatives etc.) in a time interval of length Tstep. In the extreme case of Tstep=0 the fit is re-calculated for every data point and thus Tstep effectively becomes equal to the distance between data points. Tobs is the duration of the observation interval which determines the data points used when the polynomial is fitted to the data. The observation interval is always center aligned with the valid interval. First Order Fit The following example shows three variants of a linear (first order) fit to the same set of data points and a second order fit, which is normally recommended as the result is much smoother. 192 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 WRK File Processing Tstep=0.4s Tobs=0.4s Tstep=0.4s Tobs=0.4s Tstep=0.2s Tobs=0.4s Tstep=0.2s Tobs=0.4s Tstep=0.2s Tobs=0.4s The first graph in the above figure shows a first order fit with an observation time Tobs=0.4 seconds which is recalculated every Tstep=0.4 seconds. The second graph shows the same data fitted with a first order fit with Tobs=0.4 seconds but this time Tstep=0.2 seconds. As a result twice as many line segments are calculated. Note that the two line segments indicated by the dotted circle are identical. This is because they are both first order fits that are based on the same data points (Tobs is the same). The only difference is that in the latter case only the middle part of the line is used. Note that while their Tobs intervals overlap, their validity intervals meet without any overlap. With no other restrictions two bordering polynomial fragments are not likely to meet at their border point. The result is a jump or discontinuity in values when going from one polynomial to the next. UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 193 WRK File Processing Splining A technique known as splining solves the discontinuity problem. The idea is that the polynomials are forced to meet each other in their end points and the optimization is done with this restriction. The following figure shows the above data set fitted with the spline parameter set to continuous. Higher Order Fits The splining technique can be generalized to make the 1st, 2nd etc derivative identical at the end points. This however has the disadvantage that a higher polynomial order is needed, which may result in a curve with undesirable high slope values. Below is shown the 2nd order polynomial fit with 0th order splining:

If the number of valid data points within the valid interval defined by Tobs is less than the required number of points, then the window is extended symmetrically until the data set has the required number of points. If one of the segment boundaries is reached then the window is extended in the other direction. If both the segment boundaries are reached before the minimum number of valid points have been added then no polynomial fitting is performed. 194 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 11.6 WRK File Processing Define or Edit a Graph View To edit or add a new graph view click the Add link in the upper right corner of the Groups and Views box, see Choose a Graph View (page 167). The following window appears:

This window is used both for adding new views to the list and for editing the views already in the list. To define a graph view:

1. Click the Add link in the upper right corner of the Groups and Views box to get the Add To / Edit Available Views window, see below. 2. Select the x-axis parameter, e.g. Time, from the X Values drop-down box. 3. Select the unit of the chosen x-axis parameter, e.g. [sec] from the X Unit drop-

down box. 4. Select one or more y-axis parameters, e.g. Radial velocity, from the Y Values drop-down box. 5. Select the unit of the chosen y-axis parameter, e.g. [m/s] from the Y Unit drop-

down box. 6. Optionally repeat steps 4. and 5. to add more y-axis parameters. The selection is now limited to parameters of the same type, e.g. velocity, so that they can share the selected unit. 7. Click Add to get the Add View window:

UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 195 WRK File Processing 8. Change the name if needed and click OK to add the view to the Others group. To edit a view:

1. Click the view in the Groups list to high light it. 2. Click Edit to copy the view details into the View box of the window. 3. Make the changes to the view. 4. Click Add to update the view. Notes When the first y-axis parameter is selected in step 4, all parameters of the same type stays black. The rest are not available and therefore they are colored grey. To move the view to another group, see Organize the Views in Groups (page 196). 11.6.1 Organize the Views in Groups All views are assigned to a group. When one or more new views are defined, see Define or Edit a Graph View (page 195), they are added to the Others group. To move a view from one group to another:

1. Drag and drop the view from one group to another. To add a new group:

1. Right click one of the existing groups in the Add To / Edit Available Views window to get the following window:

2. Select Add Group to add a new group to the end of the Groups list:

3. Edit the name of the group and hit Enter. 4. Optionally drag and drop the group to a new location in list. 11.7 Use Specific Graph Views Most views display track parameters in a straight forward and self explanatory way. Others are complex and need more explanation. 196 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 11.7.1 WRK File Processing Use the Missed Distance Graph The Missed Distance graph shows the distance between two tracks as a function of time. It is available in the track difference mode; see Use the Work File Tool Bar (page 165). The graph shown is calculated as follows:

1. Calculate fits to each of the tracks, see Edit the Fit Information (page 186). 2. Calculate Cartesian data points for each track using the fits from step 1. 3. Subtract the reference track from each of the other tracks. This gives the offset vector relative to the reference target. 4. Calculate the Cartesian distance as the length of the offset vector. 11.7.2 Use the Ballistic Coefficient Graph The Ballistic Coefficient graph is selected from the Groups and Views list under Ballistics. If another x-axis is preferred then use the Define or Edit a Graph View (page 195) to define your own view. It is calculated with reference to the G1 or G7 drag functions according to the formula:

BC = M / (i * d2) i =CB/CG Where:

Parameter M d CB CG Description Mass in kg Diameter in m Drag of measured target Drag of reference projectile (G1 or G7) 11.8 Modify Meteorological Conditions The software can import a meteorological data file and compensate the calculated Drag

(Cd) for the actual meteorological conditions. To modify the meteorological data:

1. Select Meteorological Info... in the Ballistics menu. For further information about the Meteorological Data Dialog see Import Meteorological Data (page 26). End of Chapter UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 197 Glossary of Terms 12 Glossary of Terms Acquisition time The time it takes to measure one (or more) signal parameters used in the tracking process. ADC Analog to Digital Converter. Used for sampling the Doppler signal or in some cases the trigger signal. The sampling rate should be high enough to accommodate the maximum velocity of the target. AGC Automatic Gain Control. This mechanism automatically adjusts the gain in order to keep a certain output level thus compensating for variations in temperature and input signal level. Ambiguity When a parameter value is not fully resolved by the measurement because two or more actual parameter values lead to the same result. A typical situation in radar range or velocity measurements. Analyzer A device that records Doppler data during the measurement, e.g. a W-2100. Antenna The radiofrequency transmitter or receiver. When looking at a Weibel radar from behind the transmitter is to the right and the receiver is to the left. AP Antenna Pedestal: the pedestal holding and pointing the radar antennas. Typically the antenna pedestal receives pointing commands from the RTP. UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 199 Glossary of Terms Apparent range This is the value that is extracted directly from the FFT spectrum of the FMCW channel. Thus, it does not necessarily reflect the actual range of the target, but rather a combination of its range and Doppler velocity. ATI Azimuth Time Intensity. A graphical representation of the Doppler signal showing time on the x-axis and azimuth angle on the y-axis. Each dot in the plot is a color coded signal strength indicator for that specific time and azimuth angle. Azimuth The angle from the azimuth reference line to the line of sight projected onto the level plane. Positive to the right. See Polar Coordinates (page 41). Baud rate The rate of data transfer on the physical link. The baud rate is equal to the bit rate when transmission is binary (e.g. zeroes and ones). BNC connector A type of connector used with coaxial cables. The basic BNC connector is a male type mounted at each end of a cable. This connector has a center pin connected to the center cable conductor and a metal tube connected to the outer cable shield. A rotating ring outside the tube locks the cable to any female connector. Calibration The use of an independent reference to adjust the instrument and thereby improve the accuracy of the measurements made with the instrument. CMD Command file. An ASCII-file containing a list of different commands. Coriolis force The apparent force acting perpendicular to the velocity of an object moving in a rotating coordinate system. CP-2100 Keypad and joystick in one unit that connects to the Instrumentation Controller running WinTrack. CW Continuous Wave: a sine wave with constant amplitude and frequency. 200 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 Glossary of Terms DAT The DAT file is where the raw Doppler data is saved. Antenna data is also saved in this file, except during on-line save. Datum A set of parameters that defines the reference ellipsoid used for absolute coordinates, e.g. WGS-84. dB Deci Bell. Ten times the base-10 logarithm of the ratio between two power levels. E.g. 2 Watts is 3 dB higher than 1 Watt. dBm Power level measured in dB milli Watts. Ten times the base-10 logarithm of the power level divided by one milli Watt. E.g. 10 Watts is equivalent to 40 dBm. DC Direct Current. Usually referring to a fixed offset value. Doppler The frequency offset caused by the radial velocity of the reflecting target. An outgoing target has a negative Doppler offset while an incoming target has a positive Doppler offset as seen from the radar. Drag The aerodynamic resistance of an object moving through the air. DTI Doppler Time Intensity. A graphical representation of the Doppler signal showing time on the x-axis and frequency on the y-axis. Each dot in the plot is a color coded signal strength indicator for that specific time and velocity. Elevation The angle between the level plane and the line of sight to the object. See Polar Coordinates (page 41). Ellipsoid A 3-dimensional surface generated by an ellipse rotating around one of its major axes. Geographic Coordinates (page 42) refer to a specific ellipsoid definition. Encoder angle The angle read from either the azimuth or the elevation encoder in the radar pedestal. UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 201 Glossary of Terms ETI Elevation Time Intensity. A graphical representation of the Doppler signal showing time on the x-axis and elevation angle on the y-axis. Each dot in the plot is a color coded signal strength indicator for that specific time and elevation angle. Extrapolating Estimating the value of a parameter outside the data set defining the parameter. As opposed to interpolating, where the parameter is estimated inside the data set. False target An artifact in the received signal that resembles a true reflection from an object. FFT The Fast Fourier Transform, a very efficient method for resolving the frequency components of a signal. FMCW Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave. This waveform is a linear frequency sweep either repeated or with alternating periods of ramp-up and ramp-down. It is used for range measurement as an alternative to MF. Frequency segment In MF range mode, a frequency segment refers to the period in which each MF frequency is transmitted. Geographic North The North Pole as defined by the Earths rotational axis. IC-2100 The Instrumentation Controller type 2100. IMU Acronym for Inertial Measurement Unit, a device that can be attached to the radar system in order to measure the changes in position and attitude of the platform on which the radar is located. The WinTrack software allows compensating the radar measurements for these changes and obtaining measurements referred to a fixed reference system. Inclinometer An instrument that measures angle relative to gravity. 202 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 Glossary of Terms Instrumentation Controller An industrial grade PC running Windows controlling the radar instrumentation. The application is e.g. WinTrack. IO-1000 The IO-1000 is a Link to USB adaptor converting between the Weibel Link port format and the standard USB port format. The IO-1000 is typically used to connect W-700 and W-

1000 to off-the-shelf type computers running WinTrack or WinDopp. IQ mixer Actually two mixers where one of the mixers are offset by a 90 phase relative to the other. This technique keeps Doppler frequencies above and below the radar frequency separated. IRIG-B The Inter-Range Instrumentation Group (IRIG) time code signal. This signal can be used to precisely synchronize the host computer clock to within a few microseconds. Launcher The device launching the object being measured, e.g. a gun or missile launcher. LNA Low Noise Amplifier. Keeping the noise contribution at a minimum is critical when amplifying weak signals, e.g. in the receiver. Lock mode The state of the tracking algorithm. When "locked" the tracking loop is closed and corrections are based on the measured signal. When "unlocked" the operator may manually override the automatic tracking algorithm. MC-100 Mono-pulse Calibration target used as an artificial Doppler target generator. Its effectively a transponder with a fixed frequency offset of 32768 Hz. MF Multi Frequency: a technique that allows unambiguous range measurement using two transmitted signals. Mono-pulse The phase coherence of a signal hitting two or more receiver antennas. Used to determine the direction to the observed object. UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 203 Glossary of Terms MOT Multi Object Tracking: the algorithm that detects and tracks one or more objects in the received signal. Mount Model The mount model is a description of the mechanical errors or imperfections in the radar pedestal and its alignment. When the parameters of the model are known, these can be used to correct the raw data captured during a measurement yielding a more accurate result. Muzzle The tip of the gun barrel. MVR Muzzle Velocity Radar: a radar suitable for high accuracy measurement of the muzzle velocity. Origo The center of a coordinate system. Oscillator A signal generator with a sine wave output. PCB-302 Antenna sub controller card used in the transmitter and the receiver. PCB-812 Interface card. Perpendicular At an angle of 90 degrees. PowerPack Integrated amplifier module providing the transmitter RF output to four antenna sub-

elements. PRM file Parameter file. 204 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 Glossary of Terms Q-factor Quality factor. Used as a measure of the sensitivity of a radar. The Q-factor is proportional to the loop gain of the radar. Radar cross section The amount of RF power reflected by a specific object when looking at it from a specific aspect angle. The unit is area, e.g. m2. Radar Instrumentation A device used in the radar system, e.g. Tracking Controller, Antenna, Analyzer or Range Processor. Radial velocity The velocity component in the direction from/to the observer. The radial velocity is proportional to the Doppler frequency offset. Radiation hazard During transmission the radar transmits radio frequency power that may be dangerous to the health. Range Processor A device controlling the antenna system. Often used with an optical tracking platform, e.g. RP-2100. RAP Rocket Assisted Projectile. Reference Point A stationary point on the pedestal used as the zero point for measurements. For most pedestals it is defined as the crossing of the azimuth axis and the upper surface of the pedestal. Refraction As light or radio waves passes from one transparent medium to another, it changes speed, and bends. This happens to radar signals passing through the atmosphere as well. RF Radio Frequency. The signal as transmitted or received by the radar. RP-2100 Range Processor: a device controlling the antenna system often used with an optical tracking platform. UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 205 Glossary of Terms RTDS Real Time Data Storage. An application storing the raw measurement data on a separate computer, usually a PC with a fast disk system. The RTDS has an optical link to a W-2100, providing the Doppler data to be saved on the disk. It is controlled from WinTrack via a TCP/IP connection. RTI Range Time Intensity. A graphical representation of the Doppler signal showing time on the x-axis and range on the y-axis. Each dot in the plot is a color coded signal strength indicator for that specific time and range. RTP Real Time Processor. The processing unit that captures the Doppler data and the encoder data and sends pointing information to the antenna pedestal (AP). Optionally the RTP sends sampled Doppler data to the RTDS for storage and DTI results to the Real Time Display. Rx Acronym for Receive, usually referring to the receiver part of the radar. S/N Ratio Signal to noise ratio, se SNR. Sampling rate The analog to digital converter (ADC) sampling rate used to capture the Doppler signal. Slant range The distance from the observer to the object taking the height into account. Slave radar A radar controlled by e.g. another radar (the master radar). Pointing information is sent continuously from the master to the slave radar. SL-B A bi-directional RS-422 connection typically used with optical platforms. The protocol handles encoder values and pointing commands between the Range Processor and the platform servo system. The packets are synchronized to the IRIG-B clock. Sliding fit A polynomial based smoothing/interpolation of the observed data. Sliding means that a new set of polynomial coefficients are calculated for every time step. 206 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 Glossary of Terms SNR Signal to Noise Ratio. The ratio between the detected signal power and the noise power density integrated over a fixed bandwidth usually one Hz. SOT Single Object Tracking: the algorithm that detects and tracks one object in the received signal. Actually a special version of the MOT with the restriction that only one track is allowed at the time. Spherical Like the surface of a ball. The spherical coordinate system is the 3-dimensional equivalent to the polar (2-dimensional) coordinate system. Spin Rotation around the main body axis. SSB mixer Single Side Band mixer: an equivalent to the IQ Mixer, but with only one output, where either the frequencies above or below the mixer frequency have been suppressed. Systran An optical interface board transmitting or receiving Doppler data. TC Tracking Controller: the system controlling the pointing of the radar. Tilt The deviation of the azimuth rotation axis from gravitational up. The tilt is characterized by the magnitude and the direction of the tilt. TLE Two Line Element set. A two line description of a satellite trajectory. TLEs for all major satellites are available from e.g. http://www.space-track.org. Tracking Controller The system controlling the pointing of the radar. Tracks Fragments of one or more trajectories observed in the received data. UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 207 Glossary of Terms Trigger En event that starts the measurement process. TRJ file Trajectory file. TRK file Track file. This file holds the results from a MOT processing. Trunnion A cylindrical projection on each side of a piece, whether gun, mortar, or howitzer, serving to support it on the cheeks of the carriage. Tx Acronym for Transmit, usually referring to the transmitter part of the radar. UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver / Transmitter, an internal serial port device. Unambiguous range The maximum range where the distance to the object is determined without ambiguity. UTC Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is the international time standard. It is the current term for what was commonly referred to as Greenwich Meridian Time (GMT). Zero (0) hours UTC is midnight in Greenwich England, which lies on the zero longitudinal meridian. UTM The Universal Transverse Mercator grid system. See UTM Coordinates (page 43). VTI Velocity Time Intensity. A graphical representation of the Doppler signal showing time on the x-axis and object velocity on the y-axis. Each dot in the plot is a color coded signal strength indicator for that specific time and velocity. W-1000 A device that records Doppler data during the measurement, also called an Analyzer. W-2100 A device that records Doppler data during the measurement, also called an Analyzer. 208 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 Glossary of Terms W-700 A device that records Doppler data during the muzzle velocity measurement, also called an Analyzer. Part of an MVR system. Work file A file holding results from processing original Doppler data files and antenna pointing data. WRK Same as work file.

[Skolnik 1]

Merril I. Skolnik, "Introduction to Radar Systems, second edition", International Student Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Singapore, 1981. End of Chapter UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 209 13 Index A Absolute Position 36, 37 Add To Existing Workfile 23 Air temperature 54 All measured points 176 All session data 74 Altitude 37 Arrange DTI 114 Auto 61, 73 Auto Calculation 61 Auto Display 49, 52 Auto mode 72 automatic rearm 63 averaging mode 108 Azimuth 54 B Backspace 73 Ballistic Coefficient 197 Ballistic Data 23 ballistic projectiles 113 Barrel diameter 54 Barrel length 54 Beep on completion 15 Beep when armed 13 Bessel 37 Burst results 74 Burst timeout 58 C Cadence 66 Calculate Impact Point 173 Calculate Muzzle Velocity 173 calculator function 71 Cape 37 Cartesian coordinates 38, 40 Change Color 173 Channels 13 Colors 10, 11 Command Location 13 Command terminal 29 UG-2624 1.47 Index Comment 66 Communications 7, 9 Set-up 7, 9 Configure data export 177, 179, 180 Coordinate UTM 37 coordinate frame 36 Coordinate system conventions 39 Define 31 Fitting 181 Coordinate Systems 173 Coriolis force 174 Create Angle Profile 23 Create file folders 53 curvature 31 D DAT file Access Information 93 Advanced MOT Setup 125 Channel Verification 151 Multi Object Tracks 112, 158 Open 91 Processing options 97 QDTI/DTI Plot 103 Spin Analysis 148, 158 ST Plot 110 DAT file processing 91 Date 66 Datum 37, 42 Daylight 13 Delete 68, 173 Delete measurement 69 Delete Track 116 Delta time 72 Delta velocity 72 Diagnostics Overview 77, 83 Diagnostics: 77, 87, 89 directory 13 DMS 42 Doppler data 91 Drag file 74 DTI Plot parameters 105 Zoom 104 DTI draw 52 E Easting 37 ED50 37 Elevation 54 ellipsoid 42 Enable extrapolation 174 Enable IRIG Synchronization 13 Weibel proprietary 211 Index Enter comment 68 Equator 42 Ethernet 7 Exclusion level 61 Export 10, 68, 173 Export data Overview 74 Extrapolation 173, 174 F FFT 59, 138 Parameters 98 Variable length 99 FFT points 59 FFT Setup 91 File Location 10 file locations 13 Filename 53, 66 Fit editor 187 Fit info 173 Fit order 61 Fit time segment 188 Five Degrees of Freedom (5DOF) 174 Flight Specification 23 FMCW 116 Font 10, 12 Force only certain number of channels 13 Frequency 54 G G1 or G7 drag 197 General Purpose Interface Bus 7 Geographic 37 Geographic coordinates 42 Graph Trajectory 169 Graph Area 6 graph layout 167 Graphics Customize 14, 20 Export 172 graphics export settings 14 gravitational force 40 Greenwich UK 42 Grid 169 Group Add view 195 Arrange views 196 H Header 169 Height 54, 174 HMS 42 Humidity 26 212 I ID 54 Ignition Parameters 23 impact time 174 interface 10 invalid points 171 IQ-Channels 91 L Last N 73 Latitude 37, 42 Launch Parameters 23 Launcher altitude 54 Layout WRK file view 168 Legend 169 Link - USB adaptor 8 Log communications 15 Longitude 37, 42 M Make WRK 114 Manual 61 Manually 73 Max cadence 58 Max Vel. 58 Maximum velocity 54 Mean S/N 66 Measure mode 51 Measure Mode 49 Measurement Customize 13 Overview 63 Results 64 Measurement Points 176 Merge Tracks 116 Meridian 42, 43 Meteorological data 26 Meteorological Data 23 Miscellaneous 10 Customize 15, 16 Missed Distance 197 Mission 23 Mode 61 Modified Point Mass (4DOF) 174 MOT 16, 112 Load results 123 MOT Parameters About 127 Advanced 125 Predefined 113 Muzz. results 74 Muzz. Vel. (m/s) 66 Muzzle results 74 Muzzle velocity 52, 53, 67 MVR Parameters 49 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 N NAD27 37 Navigation Graph Area 6 Menu Bar 5 Status Bar 6 Tool Bar 5 New group 173 Northern hemisphere 45 Northing 37 Num Rounds 58 Number of rounds 72 O Object diameter 54 Object Type 23 Object weight 54 Offset 54 On-line Parameters Overview 49 Open DAT file 68 Open TRK file 68 Open WRK file 68 optical detector 54 Order 66 Output Files 49 Overlap 59, 66, 98 P Parallax adjust 61 Parameters 49, 173 Plot Doppler Time Intensity 103 QDTI 103 Signal versus time 110 Spectrum 108 Point information 169 Point Mass (3DOF) 174 point mass ballistic model 174 Polar 38 Polar coordinates 38, 41 Polynomial fitting 186 Port 13 Post-Processing 10 Power mode 54 prediction 23 Preprogrammed Curve 173 Pressure 26 Print 68 Process 68 Process all 68 Processing 49 Burst setup 58 FFT 59 Parameters 49 Radar setup 54 V0 analysis 61 Index Processing Parameter Set 91 Progress bar 91 Projectile type 23 R Radar Setup 54 RCS 138 Reference time 54 Relative Position 36, 38 Remove non-valid points (entire row) 176 Rename 173 Rename Track 116 Replace non-valid points with NA 176 Result file 74 Result time 66 Rocket Specification 23 Round 66 RPM 58 RTDS Customize 19 S Save Trajectory Data 23 Search For a View 169 Segment number 58 Segment size 58 Select Fitting Coordinate System 173 Semi auto 61 Semi tolerance 61 Serial link 7 Session 64 session file 53 Session manager Actions 68 Add/remove results 69 Burst layout 68 Change Layout 70 Default layout 67 Overview 66 Setback 54 Show angles in mils 15 Show auto displays when in auto-rearm mode 13 Show Warning 15 signal to noise ratio 138 Simulation Type 23 Sliding 61 SNR 138, 183 SOT 16, 112 Southern hemisphere 45 Spacebar 73 Spectrum Configure plot 109 Plot 108 Spherical coordinates 41 Spline 187 ST Plot 110 UG-2624 1.47 Weibel proprietary 213 Index Start extrapolation at 174 Start Measurement 63 Statistics 66, 68 Add/remove measurements 73 Configure 72 Mode 73 Overview 71 Status Bar 6 T Temperature 26 terminal 29 Thrust time 174 Time 66, 174 Time diff 66 Time limit 61 Timezone 13 Tobs (Sliding) 61 Tool Bar 5 Track Add/Delete points 118, 119, 120 Change properties 116 Difference 165 Edit and analyze 173 Export 176 Extrapolation 174 Fitting mode 181 Graphics 172 Reprocess 121 Settings 121 Track control window 114 Track Data 173 track difference 197 Track List Window 166 Tracking Radar Parameters Overview 49 Tracking time 54 Trajectory 23, 163 Enable/Disable points 171 Predict 23 Trigger holdoff 58 trigger level 54 U Universal Serial Bus 7 Update Session Data 68 Use Coriolis force in drag calculation 174 Use height above Ellipsoid 174 Used points 66 User Interface Colors 11 Customize 10 Font 12 UTM 37 UTM coordinates 43 UTM grid 45 UTM zones Map 44 V V0 parameters 61 valid points 171 Velocity fit 52 View Trajectory parameters 167 VTI Plot 64, 103 W WGS84 37 Wind Direction 26 Wind Speed 26 window function 138 work directory 53 Work File 64 Work Location 13 WRK file Define graph view 195 Edit graph view 195 Export 176 Fit editor 187 Fitting 186 Graph layout 167 Introduction 163 Open 163 Point information 169 Predefined layout 168 Tool bar 165 Tools 164 Track list 166 View 167 X XYZ 38 XYZ coordinates 40 Z Zero Padding 138 Zoom DTI 104 214 Weibel proprietary UG-2624 1.47 Installation & Maintenance Guide SL Antennas Weibel Scientific Solvang 30 3450 Allerd Denmark UG-3056 1.13 Weibel proprietary and confidential DISCLAIMER

Weibel proprietary and confidential Contents Contents 1 2 3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Introduction 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Install the SL-xxxxxyyy 2.1 2.2 2.3 1 SL Antennas Overview .................................................................................... 1 Change History ................................................................................................ 2 SL Antenna Variants ........................................................................................ 2 SL-xxxxxyyy Background ................................................................................ 3 SL-xxxxxyyy Certification ................................................................................. 4 5 Installation Overview ....................................................................................... 5 Un-pack the SL-xxxxxyyy ................................................................................ 6 Mounting the Antenna on a Tripod .................................................................. 6 2.3.1 Standard tripod .................................................................................... 6 Cable Connections .......................................................................................... 7 2.4.1 System setup when using PS-100x/200x ............................................ 7 2.4.2 System setup when using PS-600x and higher .................................. 9 2.4.3 System setup when using external analyzer ..................................... 11 WinDopp Communication Setup ................................................................... 14 2.5.1 RS232 ................................................................................................ 15 2.5.2 Link - USB Adaptor ............................................................................ 16 2.5.3 Direct USB ......................................................................................... 17 2.5.4 RS422D ............................................................................................. 17 2.5.5 RS422W ............................................................................................ 18 2.5.6 Anywhere Ethernet ............................................................................ 19 2.5.7 Belkin Ethernet .................................................................................. 19 2.5.8 Direct Ethernet ................................................................................... 20 2.5.9 Baud Rate .......................................................................................... 21 2.5.10 Changing the default IP address ..................................................... 21 2.5.11 Resetting to the default IP address ................................................. 22 Time Source Configuration ............................................................................ 23 2.6.1 SL-xxxxxPE Time Source Setup ....................................................... 23 25 Connector Overview ...................................................................................... 25 SL-xxxxxyyy Connector Panels ..................................................................... 25 3.2.1 SL-520A, SL520M ............................................................................. 26 3.2.2 SL-520P, SL-520PD, SL-525P .......................................................... 26 3.2.3 SL-520PE, SL-525PE ........................................................................ 27 3.2.4 SL-525, SL-7025, SL-528, SL-3028, SL-15028, SL-531, SL-30031 . 27 3.2.5 SL-528yyy, SL-3028yyy, SL-15028yyy, SL-30031yyy ...................... 28 3.2.6 SL-2033PE ........................................................................................ 29 3.2.7 SL-15034 ........................................................................................... 29 3.2.8 SL-60034P ......................................................................................... 30 3.2.9 SL-7036PE ........................................................................................ 30 SL-xxxxxyyy Connector Types ...................................................................... 31 3.3.1 Trigger Connector .............................................................................. 32 3.3.2 Antenna Control ................................................................................. 33 3.3.3 Display Connector ............................................................................. 34 Connectors & Indicators 3.1 3.2 3.3 UG-3056 1.13 Weibel proprietary and confidential i Contents Inside the Antenna 4.1 4.2 4.3 Maintenance 5.1 3.3.4 48V Input Power to SL-60034P Antenna .......................................... 34 3.3.5 +15V Input Power to Remaining SL-xxxxxyyy Antennas .................. 35 3.3.6 Oscillator Connection ........................................................................ 35 3.3.7 Antenna Interconnect ........................................................................ 36 3.3.8 GPS Antenna ..................................................................................... 37 Indicator Diodes ................................................................................. 37 3.3.9 39 Overview ........................................................................................................ 39 Main System Components ............................................................................ 39 Optional System Components ....................................................................... 42 45 Maintenance Schedule .................................................................................. 45 5.1.1 Check the Humidity Sensors ............................................................. 45 5.1.2 Continuous Corrosion Control ........................................................... 45 5.1.3 Spray Connectors with WD40 ........................................................... 46 5.1.4 Clean the Antennas with Fresh Water ............................................... 46 Calibration ...................................................................................................... 46 Firmware Update ........................................................................................... 46 Troubleshooting ............................................................................................. 47 5.4.1 When Error is Present Always Check Cables ................................... 47 5.4.2 Cannot Connect with Ethernet (Only Applicable for E Variant Antennas) ...................................................................................................... 48 5.4.3 Status LED Not flashing Green after Power-up................................. 48 5.4.4 Transmit LED not Green during Measurement ................................. 48 5.4.5 Bad Velocity ....................................................................................... 48 51 Physical Dimensions ..................................................................................... 51 6.1.1 Thin Frame Antennas ........................................................................ 51 6.1.2 Thick Frame Antennas ...................................................................... 51 DC Power ...................................................................................................... 52 6.2.1 DC Supply Voltages .......................................................................... 52 6.2.2 Power Consumption .......................................................................... 52 Operating Conditions ..................................................................................... 52 Safety Considerations ................................................................................... 53 55 6.3 6.4 Glossary of Terms Technical data 6.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 6.2 Index 67 4 5 6 7 8 ii Weibel proprietary and confidential UG-3056 1.13 Introduction Introduction 1 1.1 SL Antennas Overview SL-60034P mounted on a standard Weibel tripod This manual describes the function of the Weibel Stripline antenna units, hereafter called SL-xxxxxyyy or SL antenna, consisting of one of the antennas, a power supply unit, tripod and other optional equipment. This manual should be read together with the WinDopp User Guide and possibly the specific Weibel power supply manual. The Weibel SL antennas are portable radar systems based on state of the art radar technology. The transmitting and receiving antenna are microstrip array antennas and all components in the system are entirely solid-state components. The SL antennas are controlled by pc using a RS232/422, USB or Ethernet connection. UG-3056 1.13 Weibel proprietary and confidential 1 Introduction 1.2 Change History Version 1.00 1.01 Date 2010-02-16 2012-01-15 By Comment MA First release. MKB Updated to cover all SL antenna types Added sections to chapter regarding installation of the system Added chapter Inside the antenna Added section Physical dimensions 1.02 2012-03-06 MKB Corrections made regarding general wording Added section regarding self-calibration Added information regarding safety Added list of acronyms Added block diagrams (system interconnects) Added Pinout of all connectors Added Warning and Caution notes Added additional pictures of PE type antennas 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 2012-04-10 2012-04-11 2012-05-21 2012-06-27 2012-07-13 2012-09-12 2013-03-18 2015-05-19 2016-04-05 2016-05-24 2020-07-01 MKB Minor changes MKB Minor changes MKB Added notes about storm pegs MKB Added section regarding firmware installation MKB Added section regarding time source setup MKB Added section regarding resetting IP-address MKB Added information regarding FTP server enabling for Firmware upgrade. MKB Resetting IP addresses MRN Added information how to offset time to local time MRN Ethernet connectivity troubleshooting SJO Added antenna types SL-528PE and SL-

30033PE to section WinDopp Communication Setup SL Antenna Variants The SL antennas are named like the example given below:

SL- xxx xx yyy Rev. 1.01 example: SL-30031PBC 1 2 3 4 Weibel proprietary and confidential UG-3056 1.13 1.3 2 StripLine Antenna

Fixed head Doppler radars. Field Description Introduction 1 2 3 This number corresponds to the maximum transmission power in 0.1 W steps. The following options are available:

5, 20, 30, 70, 150, 300, 600. (corresponding to 0.5 Watt to 60 Watt) This two-digit number corresponds to the nominal antenna gain. The following options are available:

20, 25, 28, 31, 33, 34, 36 Each of the letters correspond to an added option:

M P A B C D E Military version (MIL Speced) for tactical use with W-700M

(Only used for SL-520M) Integrated analyzer electronics (ADC, Sample memory, Control CPU, PSU and System interface) Analytical version of the M Antenna (Only used for SL-520A) Low noise oscillator (Poseidon) Ethernet connector for communications. Software configurable transmit frequency (+/-3MHz) Low Noise, Ethernet interface, I/Q mixer (RRRP VR Program) 4 Revision number. Note: Not all combinations of options and models are available. SL-xxxxxyyy Background The SL-xxxxxyyy Doppler Radar antennas consist of integrated receiving and transmitting modules, ensuring minimal setup time and reliability. They are capable of measuring Doppler velocity and integrated range and are controlled using software running of a standard Windows laptop or a dedicated analyzer unit. The SL-xxxxxyyy uses single-frequency X-band microwaves for its radar function and interfaces to the controller/analyzer using either Ethernet or RS-232/422 connections. The antenna is typically installed on a tripod, but can also be mounted on custom mechanical setups. The SL-xxxxxyyy antenna setup has a number of configuration options, which are all discussed in the Install the SL-xxxxxyyy (page 5) chapter. This chapter includes information regarding tripod placement, antenna mounting, cable connections and communication setup. Since the SL-xxxxxyyy antennas have many different configurations regarding power and gain; the connector configuration differs from model to model. Please consult the Connectors & Indicators (page 25) chapter for more information regarding your models specific configuration. 1.4 UG-3056 1.13 Weibel proprietary and confidential 3 Introduction The SL-xxxxxyyy antenna is operated as the main component of the radar system using the in-house developed software WinDopp. The user needs no technical knowledge of the interface between the computer running WinDopp and the radar itself, but can refer to the WinDopp manual information regarding software control options. The SL-xxxxxyyy antennas all require maintenance at certain time intervals and may require updates of firmware from time to time. The procedures regarding these topics are covered in the Maintenance (page 45) chapter. 1.5 SL-xxxxxyyy Certification The SL-xxxxxyyy Doppler Radar antennas follow the below standards in regards to FCC standards and certification. As per 47 CFR 15.105 Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense. As per 47 CFR 15.19 This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. As per 47 CFR 15.21 The users manual or instruction manual for an intentional or unintentional radiator shall caution the user that changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment. In cases where the manual is provided only in a form other than paper, such as on a computer disk or over the Internet, the information required by this section may be included in the manual in that alternative form, provided the user can reasonably be expected to have the capability to access information in that form. 1.5.1 RF Exposure warning statements:

This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an controlled environment. End users must follow the specific operating instructions for satisfying RF exposure compliance. This transmitter must be at least a distance from the user as indicated in the table below and must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. The maximum antenna gian is 28 dBi. System SL-15028PE SL-2028PE SL-525PE SL-528PE SL-520PE SL-30033PE Safety Distance 0.8 meters 1.4 meters 1.6 meters 4.8 meters 10.7 meters 21.9 meters The information in this guide may change without notice. The manufacturer assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this guide. 4 Weibel proprietary and confidential UG-3056 1.13 2 2.1 Install the SL-xxxxxyyy Install the SL-xxxxxyyy Installation Overview Installing the SL-xxxxxyyy involves unpacking, mounting the components, checking the installation, connecting cables to other system components, connecting power and setting up communications options in the user interface. The SL-xxxxxyyy is preconfigured from the factory when shipped as part of a system. In this case please follow the instructions in the system documentation. A system consists of the following components:

SL-xxxxxyyy Antenna Power Supply Unit (PS-xxxx) Antenna Tripod Sighting Scope for the Antenna Antenna signal cable Antenna power cable Mains power supply cable Long signal and data cable (typically on drum) Instrumental Control Unit (IC-xxxx), laptop or pc Optional items are:

External Display Unit External Trigger Device Warning Device IRIG Time Unit Display Cable Trigger cable Warning Device cable Notes Only the SL-xxxxxyyy Antennas will be covered in detail in this IRIG Time cable document. For specifications on the other system components please consult the specific unit manual. UG-3056 1.13 Weibel proprietary and confidential 5 Install the SL-xxxxxyyy Warning Devices are only available for antennas with a transmission power of 3 Watts or higher 2.2 Un-pack the SL-xxxxxyyy To unpack the SL-xxxxxyyy:

Inspect the shipping boxes for any damage. 1. 2. Carefully open and remove the equipment and the accessories from the shipping boxes. Notes Keep the shipping boxes for future use. If any of the boxes were damaged during transportation, check the equipment for any visible signs of damage. Caution Make sure not to damage Teflon surface of the antenna elements on the front of the antenna. Any scratches on this surface may result in a degraded performance of the radar. 2.3 Mounting the Antenna on a Tripod This document only covers use of the SL-xxxxxyyy antennas mounted on a standard tripod. Some antenna variants might be tailored to different uses in these cases please refer to the documentation that came with the antenna. 2.3.1 Standard tripod 1. First place the system Tripod at the desired Antenna position, with one leg pointing close to the line of fire. 2. Mount the Antenna unit on the top of the tripod and aim the Antenna roughly in the firing direction. 3. Level the Tripod/Antenna assembly using the bubble on the Antenna base. 4. Aim the Antenna carefully to the line of fire using the detachable sighting scope. 5. Raise the antenna to the desired Elevation using the scale on the side of the antenna, if required turn the Antenna Azimuth towards the line of fire using the scale on the Antenna base If required secure the Tripod from the blast with storm pegs, sandbags or similar weighted items to prevent the system from falling over. 6. 6 Weibel proprietary and confidential UG-3056 1.13 Install the SL-xxxxxyyy Azimuth scale Elevation scale Direction of line of fire SL-30031P on Tripod 7. Confirm that the placement of the antenna does not put it in harms way; i.e. to close to the blast of the launcher. 8. Confirm that the antenna has a clear line of view for the intended line of fire. Caution Confirm that the placement of the antenna does not put it in harms way; i.e. to close to the blast of the launcher or in the path of possible debris. Weighting down or securing the tripod with storm pegs is required in the presence of strong winds or other phenomena to prevent it from falling over. Cable Connections Once proper placement of the antenna has been completed the following step is to connect the antenna to the different system components. There are three general setups that depend on the specific system components which are based on the type of power supply used for the system. The first one covers systems that used the Weibel PS-100x and PS-200x power supplies. The second system setup are for PS-600x and above. The third setup is for antenna systems that do not include an integrated analyzer and needs an external analyzer. This includes all antennas that either have no letter indication or are of the types M or A (i.e. SL-520, SL-520A or SL-520M). The following sections show different system setups but keep in mind that these are samples since specific system setups depend on the system components. 2.4 2.4.1 System setup when using PS-100x/200x To complete the cable connections for this setup follow these steps:

UG-3056 1.13 Weibel proprietary and confidential 7 Install the SL-xxxxxyyy 1. Connect the antenna control cable from the antenna to the power supply (see Figure below). 2. Connect optional system components to antenna: External Trigger and Display (see Figure below). 3. Connect optional system components to PS-100x/200x: IRIG signal 4. Ensure that the power supply is set to the correct AC voltage (in case of a voltage selector) and connect the power supply to the AC main

(see Figure below). 5. Connect the power supply to the IC-700 using either USB, RS232, RS422 or Ethernet (see Figure below). 6. For details on how to setup communication to the antenna please consult the WinDopp Communication Setup (page 14) section. SL-xxxxxyyyy system setup when using PS-100x/200x 8 Weibel proprietary and confidential UG-3056 1.13 Ext. Trigger Ext. Display USB connection to IC-700 AC Voltage selector and AC main cable Antenna Control Cable Install the SL-xxxxxyyy Alt. RS232/422 connection to IC-700 Setup Example: SL-520P Antenna connected to PS-100U power supply Warning Never walk in front of radiating antenna. Consult Weibel Safety Distance document TR-1032-Safety_Distance for radiation safety distance of the specific antenna. Caution Ensure all systems are off before connecting or disconnecting any cables 2.4.2 System setup when using PS-600x and higher To complete the cable connections for this setup follow these steps:

1. Connect the antenna power cable from the antenna to the PS-600x or higher; from here referred to as power supply (see Figure below) 2. Connect the antenna to the IC-700 through one of three options:

Connect the antenna control cable to a PS-100/200 (U, C or PE) and using the power supply; connect to the antenna (as described in step 4 of the previous section).

Connect the antenna control cable to the IC-700 using a Weibel USB-COMi adapter cable.

Connect the antenna Ethernet cable to the IC-700. 3. Connect optional system components to antenna or power supply:

External Trigger, Display, and Warning Device (connectors also shown on Figure below) 4. Ensure that the power supply is set to the correct AC voltage (in case of a voltage selector) and connect the power supply to the AC main

(see Figure below) 5. For details on how to setup communication to the antenna please consult the WinDopp Communication Setup (page 14) section. UG-3056 1.13 Weibel proprietary and confidential 9 Install the SL-xxxxxyyy SL-xxxxxyyy system setup when using PS-600x or higher PS-100U Antenna Control and RS232/422 connection PS-600 Antenna Power, Mains Power, Trigger and Warning device Optional Trigger and Display Antenna Power and Control Cable

(and optional Ethernet cable) RS-232/422 connectors to USB COMi Unit Setup Example: SL-15028P antenna powered by PS-600 and connected through PS-100U Warning Never walk in front of radiating antenna. Consult Weibel Safety Distance document TR-1032-Safety_Distance for radiation safety distance of the specific antenna. 10 Weibel proprietary and confidential UG-3056 1.13 2.4.3 Install the SL-xxxxxyyy Caution Ensure all systems are off before connecting or disconnecting any cables System setup when using external analyzer The following section involves all SL antenna types that do not include an integrated analyzer. Therefor they are not discriminated into groups depending on power supply size;

since the general setup is the same for all systems. To complete the cable connections for this setup follow these steps:

1. Connect the antenna control cable to the W-700 using one of two options:

For small systems connect the antenna control cable directly to the W-700

For larger systems connect it to the power supply (PS-600 or higher) and then connect the power supply to the W-700

(see Figures below) 2. For larger systems connect the antenna power cable to the power supply (PS-600 or larger). (see Figures below) 3. Connect optional system components: External Trigger and Warning Device to either antenna or power supply. 4. Ensure that the power supplies and analyzer are set to the correct AC voltage Connect W-700 power connector to a PS-100G. For systems using PS-600 or larger connect this unit to the AC main. 5. For details on how to setup communication to the antenna please consult the WinDopp Communication Setup (page 14) section. UG-3056 1.13 Weibel proprietary and confidential 11 Install the SL-xxxxxyyy SL-xxxxxyyy System Setup using W-700 and PS-100G SL-xxxxxyyy System Setup using W-700 and PS-600 or higher 12 Weibel proprietary and confidential UG-3056 1.13 Install the SL-xxxxxyyy W-700 Analyzer Front W-700 Analyzer Back Antenna Control, PS-

100G Power and USB Link to IC-700 Setup example: W-700 analyzer connected to antenna, PS-100G and laptop Warning Never walk in front of radiating antenna. Consult Weibel Safety Distance document TR-1032-Safety_Distance for radiation safety distance of the specific antenna. Caution Ensure all systems are off before connecting or disconnecting any cables UG-3056 1.13 Weibel proprietary and confidential 13 Install the SL-xxxxxyyy 2.5 WinDopp Communication Setup Once all placement and cable connections are completed it is necessary to set up the communication between the IC-700 and the antenna. This is done by using the Weibel software WinDopp. This section will explain how to set up the different types of communication configurations used by the SL-xxxxyyy antennas. Since there are several different configurations available for the communication and these are depend on the specific antenna model the following table explains what method should be used for each antenna model. Antenna Type Link Type Primary Configuration Optional Configuration SL-520A/M SL-525 SL-528 SL-531 SL-3028 SL-7025 SL-1025 SL-15028 /B SL-15034 SL-30031 SL-520P/PD SL-525P SL-528P/PB SL-3028P SL-15028P/PB SL-30031P SL-528PC SL-3028 SL-15028PC/PBC SL-30031PC SL-60034P/PC SL-520PE SL-525PE SL-528PE SL-2033PE SL-7036PE SL-15028PE SL-30033PE W-700 Standard RS232 (page 15) W-700 with Link Link - USB Adaptor

(page 16) RS232 (page 15) W-700 with USB Direct USB (page 17) RS232 (page 15) PS-100C DOS RS422D (page 17) RS232 (page 15) PS-100C Windows RS422W (page 18) RS232 (page 15) PS-100U RS422W (page 18) RS232 (page 15) Anywhere USB Anywhere Ethernet

(page 19) RS232 (page 15), RS422W (page 18) Belkin USB HUB Belkin Ethernet

(page 19) RS232 (page 15), RS422W (page 18) Ethernet adaptor Direct Ethernet (page 20) RS232 (page 15), RS422W (page 18) 14 Weibel proprietary and confidential UG-3056 1.13 Install the SL-xxxxxyyy Notes To change from primary to optional communication configurations it will be required to change the antenna default setup either using an external display or a telnet connection. 2.5.1 RS232 All Weibel antennas have the option of using the RS232 communication option. To set up the RS232 connection complete the following steps:

1. Start WinDopp and open the Communication Setup menu (F10).

(The menu will appear automatically if the current setup is incorrect). 2. Set up the menu as shown on the Figure below with the following corrections:

Ensure that the com port selected is the one the RS232 cable is connected to.

Selected the appropriate baud rate. A list of available baud rates can be found in the Baud Rate (page 21) section. If the baud rate has to be changed when using a W-700; use the W-700 interface to do so (for details on how to do this please consult the W-700 manual).

WinDopp RS232 Communication Setup UG-3056 1.13 Weibel proprietary and confidential 15 Install the SL-xxxxxyyy 2.5.2 Link - USB Adaptor Some of the W-700 analyzer systems uses an IO1000 adapter when using the USB communication configuration. To set up the Link USB Adaptor connection complete the following steps:

1. Connect the IO-1000 adaptor to the IC-700 and install the IO-1000 USB Link driver (found on the WinDopp installation CD). Find the nominated COM Port in the Windows Device Manager. 2. Start WinDopp and open the Communication Setup menu (F10).

(The menu will appear automatically if the current setup is incorrect). 3. Set up the menu as shown on the Figure below with the following corrections:

Ensure that the com port selected is the one the IC-700 sets up for the USB cable.

Selected the appropriate baud rate. A list of available baud rates can be found in the Baud Rate (page 21) section. If the baud rate has to be changed this is done using the W-

700 interface (for details on how to do this please consult the W-700 manual).

WinDopp Link USB Adaptor communication setup 16 Weibel proprietary and confidential UG-3056 1.13 2.5.3 Install the SL-xxxxxyyy Direct USB Some W-700 analyzer systems uses a direct USB link when using the USB communication configuration. To set up the Direct USB connection complete the following steps:

1. Connect the W-700 USB cable to the IC-700 and install the W-700 USB driver (found on the WinDopp installation CD). 2. Start WinDopp and open the Communication Setup menu (F10).

(The menu will appear automatically if the current setup is incorrect). 3. Set up the menu as shown on the Figure. WinDopp Direct USB communication setup 2.5.4 RS422D Older DOS based IC-700 systems utilize the Weibel 812 link board when using the RS422 communication configuration. To set up the RS422D connection complete the following steps:

1. Connect the PS-100C to the IC-700 and install the IO-700 RS422 driver (found on the WinDopp installation CD). 2. Start WinDopp and open the Communication Setup menu (F10).

(The menu will appear automatically if the current setup is incorrect). 3. Set up the menu as shown on the Figure below with the following corrections:

UG-3056 1.13 Weibel proprietary and confidential 17 Install the SL-xxxxxyyy

Ensure that the com port selected is the one the PS-100C cable is connected to.

Selected the appropriate baud rate. A list of available baud rates can be found in the Baud Rate (page 21) section. WinDopp RS422D communication setup 2.5.5 RS422W Some Windows based IC-700 systems utilize the Weibel IO700 link board or USB COMi Adaptor (either as separate adaptor or built in for the PS-100U) when using the RS422 communication configuration. To set up the RS422W connection complete the following steps:

1. If using a PS-100C connect it to the IC-700 and install the IO-700 RS422 driver (found on the WinDopp installation CD). If using a USB COMi adaptor connect it to the IC-700 and install the USB COMi driver (found on the WinDopp installation CD). 2. Start WinDopp and open the Communication Setup menu (F10).

(The menu will appear automatically if the current setup is incorrect). 3. Set up the menu as shown on the Figure below with the following corrections:

Ensure that the com port selected is the one the PS-

100C/USB COMi cable is connected to. 18 Weibel proprietary and confidential UG-3056 1.13 Install the SL-xxxxxyyy

Selected the appropriate baud rate. A list of available baud rates can be found in the Baud Rate (page 21) section.

Set the adaptor type to either Weibel IO700 if using the IO700 link or Standard if using the USB COMi. WinDopp RS422W communication setup 2.5.6 Anywhere Ethernet Antennas with Ethernet capabilities produced before 2009 utilizes an Anywhere USB Ethernet adaptor. To set up the Ethernet Anywhere connection complete the following steps:

1. Install the Anywhere USB 180 driver (found on the WinDopp installation CD). 2. Connect the Ethernet cable from antenna to IC-700 and install the W-

700 USB driver (found on the WinDopp installation CD). 3. Start WinDopp and open the Communication Setup menu (F10).

(The menu will appear automatically if the current setup is incorrect). 4. Set up the menu as shown on the Figure below. 2.5.7 Belkin Ethernet Antennas with Ethernet capabilities produced after 2009 utilizes a Belkin USB Ethernet adaptor. To set up the Belkin Ethernet connection complete the following steps:

UG-3056 1.13 Weibel proprietary and confidential 19 Install the SL-xxxxxyyy 1. Install the Belkin Network USB Hub driver (found on the WinDopp installation CD). 2. Connect the Ethernet cable from antenna to IC-700 and install the W-

700 USB driver (found on the WinDopp installation CD). 3. Start WinDopp and open the Communication Setup menu (F10).

(The menu will appear automatically if the current setup is incorrect). 4. Set up the menu as shown on the Figure below. WinDopp Anywhere Ethernet / WinDopp Belkin Ethernet communication setup 2.5.8 Direct Ethernet The antennas with the PE letter indication functions as a network device utilizing a pure Ethernet configuration. To set up the Direct Ethernet connection complete the following steps:

1. Start WinDopp and open the Communication Setup menu (F10).

(The menu will appear automatically if the current setup is incorrect). 2. Set up the menu as shown on the Figure below. 3. If using multiple devices as described in the WinDopp manual please ensure that no devices have the same IP address.

(See Changing the default IP address section for a description on how to setup new IP addresses). 20 Weibel proprietary and confidential UG-3056 1.13 Install the SL-xxxxxyyy WinDopp Direct Ethernet communication setup 2.5.9 Baud Rate The following table describes which baud rates are available for the different communication configurations that require a baud rate specified. Baud Rates RS232 RS422D RS422W 9600 19200 38400 57600 100000 125000 250000 500000 2.5.10 Changing the default IP address The new line of PE antennas can run a direct Ethernet communication setup which allows the user to add several antennas onto a network and connect and work over this network. This requires that the antennas each has a specific IP address. All PE antennas are supplied with one of two default IP address of 192.168.0.93 and 192.168.3.93; which can be changed by completing the following steps:

1. Connect the Ethernet cable from the PS-200 to a PC that is not connected to a network. 2. From the windows Run field (located in the start bar) type:

telnet 192.168.0.93 (Or 192.168.3.93) and the window seen on the following figure should appear In this new window enter into the parameters menu Internal Network and locate IP address 1. 3. UG-3056 1.13 Weibel proprietary and confidential 21 Install the SL-xxxxxyyy 4. Change it to the IP address that will be the units specific address. 5. Note the new IP address along with the Antenna unit serial number to remember which antenna has what address. SL-xxxxxPE Telnet user terminal window 2.5.11 Resetting to the default IP address In the case the IP address being forgotten or being mislaid the SL-xxxxxPE antennas has a built in IP address reset feature. When utilizing this feature the PE antennas will reset its IP address to 192.168.0.93 The IP address reset function is performed in the following way. 2. 3. 1. Connect the Antenna to the PS-200 and connect the Ethernet cable from the PS-200 to a PC that is not connected to a network. Turn on the system and wait for 2 hours After the two hours the Status Indicator LED will invert its blinking function. Going from stable green with a red blink to a stable red with a green blink. Once this state is achieved the antenna has reset it IP address. 4. Change the Subnet mask of the laptop to 255.255.255.0 5. At this point complete one of the following three actions 5a. Open WinDopp and connect to the default IP address 192.168.0.93 From WinDopp change the IP address through the advance parameters tab. 5b. Open the User terminal program and input the IP address of 192.168.0.93 22 Weibel proprietary and confidential UG-3056 1.13 Install the SL-xxxxxyyy From the User terminal program change the IP address.

(See the previous picture for the IP address menu) 5c. Using the telnet command: telnet 192.168.0.93 connect to the antenna From the telnet window change the IP address.

(See the previous picture for the IP address menu) 6. Note the new IP address along with the Antenna unit serial number to remember the IP address. Reboot the antenna to make the new IP address take effect. 7. Reset the Subnet mask of the laptop to 255.255.252.0 Reconnect to the antenna with the new IP address to verify the change has taken effect 2.6 Time Source Configuration The SL-xxxxxyy antennas can use different time sources to enable time synchronization. For most of the antennas this is done using the IRIG synchronization option that can be set up from the WinDopp User interface and an external IRIG time generator that is plugged into the IC-700 on which the WinDopp is running. For details on how to setup IRIG synchronization from WinDopp consult the WinDopp manual. The SL-xxxxxPE antennas also has the option of using the internal GPS device (if available) or alternatively having a IRIG device connected directly to the antenna power supply. Setting up the PE antenna time source is explained in the following section 2.6.1 SL-xxxxxPE Time Source Setup To setup the time source complete the following steps. 1. Connect the antenna to the power supply and IC-700 and possibly the IRIG device if this is the option chosen. 2. Turn on the system, open WinDopp and connect to the antenna 3. Open the parameters screen (F3) and enter the Advanced menu 4. Enter the Internal System Configuration Time Source and choose the option used (See following picture). Options available are: Free Running, GPS, AC IRIG and DC IRIG 5. The Status bar at the bottom of the WinDopp screen should become green once the time signal is present. 6. When using GPS as time source the time is UTC time as default. To offset this to a local time zone, open a terminal (from WinDopp) and type in the UG-3056 1.13 Weibel proprietary and confidential 23 Install the SL-xxxxxyyy command: GPSTIMEOFFSET n where n is the time zone offset (+/-) from UTC time with unit of seconds, i.e. -1 hour offset equals n = -3600. 24 Weibel proprietary and confidential UG-3056 1.13 3 3.1 3.2 Connectors & Indicators Connectors & Indicators Connector Overview In this section the external connectors and indicators on the SL-xxxxxyyy antennas are described. SL-xxxxxyyy Connector Panels The connector panel located on the antenna provides the communication interface, power supply as well as LED indicators for system status. Because of the various antenna configurations the connector panels differ from system to system. It is however composed from the same set of connector types each having a specific purpose and pin out. In the following sections a sample of the different connector setups may be found; although keep in mind that minor changes such as the exact connector placement and LED indicators may occur. To find information about a specific connector on your antenna:

1. Find the appropriate antenna type and connector panel in the following sections. 2. Note the number in the call-out. 3. Find the table entry in the section SL-xxxxxyyy Connector Types

(page 31). 4. Look-up the specific connector in one of the sub-sections. UG-3056 1.13 Weibel proprietary and confidential 25 Connectors & Indicators 3.2.1 SL-520A, SL520M For details about a specific connector note the number and refer to the SL-xxxxxyyy Connector Types (page 31) section. 2 SL-520A 3.2.2 SL-520P, SL-520PD, SL-525P For details about a specific connector note the number and refer to the SL-xxxxxyyy Connector Types (page 31) section. 1 2 3 SL-520P 26 Weibel proprietary and confidential UG-3056 1.13 3.2.3 Connectors & Indicators SL-520PE, SL-525PE For details about a specific connector note the number and refer to the SL-xxxxxyyy Connector Types (page 31) section. 9 1 2 SL-520PE 3.2.4 SL-525, SL-7025, SL-528, SL-3028, SL-15028, SL-531, SL-30031 For details about a specific connector note the number and refer to the SL-xxxxxyyy Connector Types (page 31) section. 1 6 2 1 6 2 SL-30031 (left) and SL-7025 (right) UG-3056 1.13 Weibel proprietary and confidential 27 Connectors & Indicators 3.2.5 SL-528yyy, SL-3028yyy, SL-15028yyy, SL-30031yyy NOTE: Not all letter configurations (P, PB, PC, PBC, PE) are available; this is specific for certain power and gain configurations. For details about a specific connector note the number and refer to the SL-xxxxxyyy Connector Types (page 31) section. D D D 1 6 2 3 4 SL-15028PC 6 1 2 9 D D D SL-15028PE 28 Weibel proprietary and confidential UG-3056 1.13 3.2.6 Connectors & Indicators SL-2033PE For details about a specific connector note the number and refer to the SL-xxxxxyyy Connector Types (page 31) section. 9 1 2 D D D SL-2033PE 3.2.7 SL-15034 For details about a specific connector note the number and refer to the SL-xxxxxyyy Connector Types (page 31) section. SL-15034 UG-3056 1.13 Weibel proprietary and confidential 29 Connectors & Indicators 3.2.8 SL-60034P The SL-60034P antenna type is unique in having separate connectors on the RX and TX parts of the antenna. For details about a specific connector note the number and refer to the SL-xxxxxyyy Connector Types (page 31) section. D 1 2 3 4 D 5 SL-60034 Rx side (left) SL-60034 and Tx side (right) 3.2.9 SL-7036PE For details about a specific connector note the number and refer to the SL-xxxxxyyy Connector Types (page 31) section. 9 67 68 D D D 1 2 4 6 SL-7036PE 30 Weibel proprietary and confidential UG-3056 1.13 3.3 Connectors & Indicators SL-xxxxxyyy Connector Types The following connector types are referenced in the SL-xxxxxyyy Connector Panels (page 25) section. Used for Trigger Antenna control Display Ethernet connection

+48V Power

+15V Power 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Oscillator Connection Type Cannon 12P Male size 14 Part Number: KPT02E14-12P Mating Part: KPSE6E14-12S-DZ Connections, see Trigger connector (page 32) Cannon 19P Male size 14 Part Number: KPT2E14-19P-EX Mating Part: KPSE6E14-19S-DZ Connections, see Antenna Control (page 33) Cannon 10P Female size 12 Part Number: KPT7A12-10S-EX Mating Part: KPSE6E12-10P-DZ Connections, see Display connector (page 34) MIL-C-28482 RJ45 female Part Number: RJF 2 2 G 00 100BTX Mating Part:

Connections, Standard Ethernet pinout

(This connector is replaced by a blanking cap for certain antenna configurations) 2+3-P Male size 22 Part number: CA02COM-E22-12P-B Mating Part:

Connections, see 48V Input Power to SL-

60034P antenna (page 34) Cannon 5-P Male size 14 Part Number: KPSE2E14-22P Mating Part: KPSE6E14-22S-DZ Connections, see +15V Input power to remaining SL-xxxxxyyy antennas (page 35)

(This connector is replaced by a blanking cap for certain antenna configurations. In this case the antenna receives power through the Antenna Control connector) Huber & Suhner Female N-Type to SMA Part Number: 37N-SMA50-1/131 Mating Part: Male N-Type Connectors Connections, see Oscillator Connection (page 35) UG-3056 1.13 Weibel proprietary and confidential 31 Connectors & Indicators Used for Type Antenna Interconnect GPS Antenna Cannon 32-P Male size 18 Part Number: KPT02E18-32P Mating Part: KPSE6E18-32S-DZ Connections, see Antenna Interconnect (page 36) Jinchang GPS external Antenna Partnumber: JCA003 Connections, see GPS Antenna (page 37) 8 9 The following table explains the use of the different indicator diodes found on the antennas. Used for Type D1 D2 D3 Transmit diode Status diode Antenna Power diode LED, see Indicator Diodes (page 37) LED, see Indicator Diodes (page 37) LED, see Indicator Diodes (page 37) 3.3.1 Trigger Connector The trigger signal input on the antenna is a 12 core connector for a differential trigger signal. The 12 core connector also provides 15volt power for a Weibel FOT-2 or microphone trigger device. The 12 core connector has 100 input impedance between the differential input pins and the differential input voltage must not exceed 10volt. The pin out is listed in the table below. Trigger Connector Pinout Pin number Description A B C D E Differential trigger input +

Differential trigger input -

Not used Not used Not used 32 Weibel proprietary and confidential UG-3056 1.13 Connectors & Indicators Pin number Description F G H J K L M Not used Not used Not used

+15volt power output (max. 500mA) GND, power return

-15volt power output (max. 500mA) Not used 3.3.2 Antenna Control The Antenna Control connector on the antenna is a 19 core connector that is used for data transfer for communication and Doppler signal from the measurement. The connector can also provide the antenna with +24V power which is the only power connection for the smaller antennas. The pin out is listed in the table below. Antenna Control Connector Pinout Pin number Description A TXD+/ETX1+

TXD-/ETX1-

B RXD+/ERX1+

C D RXD-/ERX1-

RTS-/ETX2+

E RTS+/ETX2-

F G CTS+/ERX2+

CTS-/ERX2-

H SEL J K 0V GND L M ACIRIG+

GND N P ACIRIG-

UG-3056 1.13 Weibel proprietary and confidential 33 Connectors & Indicators Pin number Description R S T U V

+24V STATUS_LED1 STATUS_LED2 0V

+24V 3.3.3 Display Connector The Display connector on the antenna is a 10 core connector that is used to connect the optional external display used to control the antenna directly. The pin out is listed in the table below. Display Connector Pinout Pin number Description A B C D E F G H J K DRX-

DRX+

DTX+

D+

D+

DG DG D-

DTX-

D-

3.3.4 48V Input Power to SL-60034P Antenna The 48V Input Power connector located only on the SL-60034 antenna is a 5 core connector used to power the antenna. The pin out is listed in the table below. 34 Weibel proprietary and confidential UG-3056 1.13 Connectors & Indicators 48V Input Power Connector Pinout Pin number Description A B C D E TCREM

+48V GND Not Used PGND (0V) 3.3.5

+15V Input Power to Remaining SL-xxxxxyyy Antennas The +15V Input Power connector located on the SL antennas is used to power the antenna. The pin out is listed in the table below.

+15V Input Power Connector Pinout Pin number Description

+12V/+15V A PGND B C PGND

+12V/+15V D E TCREM 3.3.6 Oscillator Connection The Oscillator Connection connectors located on the SL antennas that use two antennas;

one for receiver and one for transmitter; is used to connect the oscillator signal between the antennas. The pin out is listed in the table below. Pin number Description Center Pin Shield Oscillator Signal PGND UG-3056 1.13 Weibel proprietary and confidential 35 Connectors & Indicators 3.3.7 Antenna Interconnect The Antenna Interconnect connector located on the SL antennas that use two antennas;

one for receiver and one for transmitter; is used to transfer power and control signals between the antennas. The pin out is listed in the table below. Antenna Interconnect Connector Pinout Pin number Description TXD+/ETX1+

A B TXD-/ETX1-

RXD+/ERX1+

C RXD-/ERX1-

D E RTS-/ETX2+

RTS+/ETX2-

F CTS+/ERX2+

G H CTS-/ERX2-

SEL J K 0V GND L ACIRIG+

M N GND ACIRIG-

P

+24V R S STATUS_LED1 STATUS_LED2 T U 0V

+24V V Not Used W X Not Used Not Used Y 36 Weibel proprietary and confidential UG-3056 1.13 Connectors & Indicators Pin number Description Z a b c d e f g h i Not Used CTRL TXD-

CTRL TXD+

CTRL RXD-

CTRL RXD+

CTRL CTS+

CTRL CTS-

CTRL RTS+

CTRL RTS-

0V 3.3.8 GPS Antenna The GPS Antenna is an external GPS antenna that is directly mounted onto the antenna and connected internally. The pin out is listed in the table below. GPS Antenna mounted externally on antenna Pin number Description Center Pin Shield GPS RF Signal PGND 3.3.9 Indicator Diodes Antenna status Power up System ready Transmitting Transmit LED Status LED Off Red Light Red/Green Flashing Off Red/Green Flashing Green Light Ant. Power LED Red Light Green Light Green Light UG-3056 1.13 Weibel proprietary and confidential 37 Connectors & Indicators This page is intentionally left blank 38 Weibel proprietary and confidential UG-3056 1.13 4 4.1 4.2 Inside the Antenna Inside the Antenna Overview This section describes the internal parts of the SL-xxxxxyyy antennas on a component level and is intended for system component identification. The antennas are manufactured in a numbers of variants, each having differences in the electronic and mechanical build up, but the main components can be found in all antennas. These components can be found in the section named Main System Components (page 39). Besides the main system components the antennas that include any of the P, B, C or E options include extra components needed for antenna communication, oscillators and other electrical components. These components are covered in the section named Optional System Components (page 42). Main System Components This section describes the most common components found in all SL-xxxxxyyy antennas. Included in this subsection are sample pictures of three different size antennas to give an understanding of the system build-up. Each component is listed below. 1 2 3 SL-520 Antenna 1 5 1 UG-3056 1.13 Weibel proprietary and confidential 39 Inside the Antenna 1 6 5 4 1 2 SL-525 Antenna 1 9 8 8 888888888888888888888888 2 2222222222222222222 1 6 7 8 9 12 1 4 1 5 7 6 SL-30031 Antenna Ref Description 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Local Oscillator LO Coupler Double Balanced Mixer Double Balanced IQ Mixer Microwave Filter Low Noise Amplifier Channel Summer LO Amplifier LO splitter IF Amplifier Board 40 Weibel proprietary and confidential UG-3056 1.13 Ref Description CPU Board 11 12 Silica gel to keep the antenna dry Inside the Antenna UG-3056 1.13 Weibel proprietary and confidential 41 Inside the Antenna 4.3 Optional System Components This section describes the components associated with the different options P, B, C, and E of the SL-xxxxxyyy antennas. Included in this subsection are sample pictures of two different size antennas to give an understanding of the system build-up. Each component is listed in the table following the pictures. Antenna Front 2 2 2 Ethernet Belkin Box without enclosure Ethernet Belkin Box with enclosure 2 Antenna Lid 2 SL-15028PB 42 Weibel proprietary and confidential UG-3056 1.13 Receiver Side Bottom Layer Transmitter Side Bottom Layer Inside the Antenna 2 Receiver Side Top Layer 2 SL-60034PBC 2 2 UG-3056 1.13 Weibel proprietary and confidential 43 Inside the Antenna 2 2 3 SL-520PE Front SL-2033PE Front Low Noise Local Oscillator Double Balanced IQ Mixer and Amplifier Unit Integrated Analyzer with power supply

+24V Power Supply Unit Ethernet Belkin Box Ethernet Anywhere USB Converter Unit Power Pack Amplifier Unit Ref Description 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Miniaturized Low Noise Local Oscillator 29 30 Crystal Cavity Resonator LNA Pack (Low Noise Amplifier Pack) 44 Weibel proprietary and confidential UG-3056 1.13 Maintenance Maintenance 5 5.1 Maintenance Schedule The recommended maintenance schedule is:

Interval Every time the radar is used Every month Every month Maintenance Check the Humidity Sensors (page 45) Continuous Corrosion Control (page 45) Spray Connectors with WD40 (page 46) Clean the Antennas with Fresh Water (page 46) 5.1.1 Check the Humidity Sensors Check the humidity sensors located on the back of the antenna (when available). If the three fields are blue, the antenna is dry. However, if the field is red there is humidity in the antenna. If all fields are red, the antenna must be dried out using silica gel or the silica gel tabs must be replaced. 5.1.2 Continuous Corrosion Control Tools and materials needed:

Paint (included in corrosion repair kit, CRK-Cxxx) UG-3056 1.13 Weibel proprietary and confidential 45 Maintenance 5.1.3 5.1.4 5.2 5.3 46 Corrosion protection (included in corrosion repair kit, CRK-Cxxx) The specific CRK-Cxxx corrosion repair kit depends on color of antenna. Contact Weibel for specifics. Damage to Painted surface If a painted surface is penetrated and the metal is visible, it is important to treat the surface. If paint is available, paint the damage. If paint is not available use corrosion protection until painting is possible. If the surface is corroded, make sure that all corrosion is ground away before painting. Spray Connectors with WD40 Spray electrical connectors with WD40 (locking mechanism mainly) or other lubrication substance that is rated for use with electrical connectors. Clean the Antennas with Fresh Water When the radar is close to the sea, e.g. on a ship or on the pier use a garden hose with clean water (without salt) and clean the antennas on a regular basis. If the antennas are very dirty, use a little Auto shampoo. Caution Make sure not to damage Teflon surface of the antenna elements on the front of the antenna. Any scratches on this surface may result in a degraded performance of the radar. Calibration It is recommended that the SL-xxxxyyy is sent for recalibration at least every second year to ensure correct measurement of velocities. As an option, the SL-xxxxxyyy radar systems can incorporate a unique self-calibrating technology. With this option, the system does not need any calibration during its entire life cycle, calibrating its transmitting frequencies with the speed of light as a reference. Firmware Update From time to time new features, enhanced capabilities and bug fixes become available via updating the firmware of the SL-xxxxxyyy antenna. Consult the following description to upload new firmware to the antenna. 1. Download or retrieve new firmware from Weibel Scientific A/S

(A request regarding new firmware can be sent to support@weibel.dk) 2. Connect the antenna to its power supply and IC-700 as described in the 3. installation chapter. Power up the system and ensure a connection. Note down the antenna IP address 4. Using the Telnet Connection or WinDopp Advanced parameters enable the FTP server option found under:

Diagnostics - Internal Network FTP Server Weibel proprietary and confidential UG-3056 1.13 Maintenance Enter the folder in which the new firmware was placed, open the install folder and double click the install.exe or (depending on firmware version) the FTPupload.exe file Follow the installation program to the completion 5. 6. 7. Once completed close the installation program and open the UserTerm 8. program supplied by Weibel. In the UserTerm go into the following sub-category and activate the following command:

Diagnostics Internal Install Software 9. Once the installation is complete, reboot the antenna. 10. The antenna firmware is now updated. 5.4 Troubleshooting If you experience one of the symptoms indicated below then go through the list of actions to find the cause of the problem and to resolve it. Note that this short guide only covers the most commonly seen symptoms and causes. If the problem cannot be located and/or the suggested solution does not work then contact Weibel for help on next steps: support@weibel,dk Please note that from our experience 90% of all errors turn out to be cable/connector or power supply errors:

5.4.1 When Error is Present Always Check Cables 1. Verify that connector pins are not damaged. Check that the cables are intact and properly connected. 2. Check that input voltage is within the required range (all power cables) e.g. using a voltmeter UG-3056 1.13 Weibel proprietary and confidential 47 Maintenance 5.4.2 Cannot Connect with Ethernet (Only Applicable for E Variant Antennas) Cannot connect to the system after boot-up:

1. Wait connecting the Ethernet cable until after boot-up is complete. If error occurs, unplug the Ethernet cable and reboot the system.

Wait until fully booted with connecting the cable.

Connect to the system to verify connectivity. 5.4.3 Status LED Not flashing Green after Power-up For more information about the indicator LEDs; see Indicator Diodes (page 37). Status LED is off:

1. Check Antenna control cable, power supplies, fuses

Verify all cables are connected; If not connect missing cables.

Check that the power supply is on; if not power up the system.

Check fuse for the power supply; if fuse is blown contact Weibel for replacement or part type and number. Status LED is constantly red or green (not flashing):

1. Check the System communication configuration

Verify that the correct communication configuration is being used.

Verify that the Port configuration and Baud Rate is correct for both IC and Antenna. 5.4.4 Transmit LED not Green during Measurement Transmit LED does not turn green during measurement:

Is Antenna Power Mode set to On Trigger?

1.

If so, the antenna is not allowed to transmit before a trigger is received

Ensure that the Trigger Source is not set to Channel Trigger

Reduce trigger level if using external trigger 5.4.5 Bad Velocity Velocity NOT OK:

1. Check that the Doppler channel has signal

Open DAT file, and use the ChStatus to verify that the signal is present if not check the following:

o Cable problem (possible break in Antenna Control cable). o Error in IF amplifier or output driver in antenna. 2. Signal present but velocity is wrong

Verify software setup regarding maximum allowed target velocity. 48 Weibel proprietary and confidential UG-3056 1.13 Maintenance

Check that physical alignment is correct and is setup accordingly in the software.

Test to see if antenna oscillator frequency is correct o Using a ST-xxx or MC-100 verify that the expected velocity is correct (Consult ST-xxx or MC-100 manual for details on this procedure). If not contact Weibel Scientific regarding recalibration of antenna. o UG-3056 1.13 Weibel proprietary and confidential 49 Maintenance This page is intentionally left blank 50 Weibel proprietary and confidential UG-3056 1.13 6 6.1 6.1.1 Technical data Technical data Physical Dimensions The physical height and width dimensions of the antennas are related to the antenna gain and the depth and weight of the antenna is related to the type. The following tables states the size of the different SL antennas that Weibel produce Thin Frame Antennas The following table only includes the antennas where either no option has been selected or only the A option. Gain 20 25 28 31 34 Height 175 350 350 750 750 Width 175 175 350 350 690 Depth Weight 50 50 50 50 50 3 8 12 22 26 6.1.2 Thick Frame Antennas The following table only includes the antennas where the selected options are P, B, C, E or any combination of these. Gain 20 20 E option 25 25 E option 28 31 33 34 36 Height 175 225 350 410 390 800 900 720 925 Width 175 190 175 190 355 355 425 820 1170 Depth Weight 65 90 65 90 125 125 90 125 250 4 7 8 10 19 35 25 55 65 UG-3056 1.13 Weibel proprietary and confidential 51 Technical data Notes All dimensions are stated in mm. Weights are stated in kg. 6.2 DC Power The SL-xxxxxyyy antennas are made in different internal variants, Depending on the internal components the required power supply is either 15VDC, +15VDC or +48VDC. 6.2.1 DC Supply Voltages Supply voltage from Antenna Control

+15V Power Connector

+48V Power Connector Value 15 volt 10%

+15 volt +0/-10%

+48 volt 10%

6.2.2 Power Consumption Antenna Type Supply Connector SL-5XX SL-20XX SL-30XX SL-70XX SL-150XX SL-300XX SL-600XX Antenna Control

+15V Power Connector

+15V Power Connector

+15V Power Connector

+15V Power Connector

+15V Power Connector

+48V Power Connector Power consumption is stated in Watts. Nominal Power Consumption 30 45 60 120 400 550 1100 6.3 Operating Conditions All versions of the SL-xxxxxyyy antennas will operate under the following environmental conditions. Condition Storage temperature Operating temperature Relative humidity Value

-40C - +65C

-20C - +55C 0 100%

52 Weibel proprietary and confidential UG-3056 1.13 6.4 Technical data Safety Considerations For information regarding radiation safety please consult Weibel Safety Distance document TR-1032-Safety_Distance. UG-3056 1.13 Weibel proprietary and confidential 53 Technical data This page is intentionally left blank 54 Weibel proprietary and confidential UG-3056 1.13 Glossary of Terms Glossary of Terms 7 Acquisition time The time it takes to measure one (or more) signal parameters used in the tracking process. ADC Analog to Digital Converter. Used for sampling the Doppler signal or in some cases the trigger signal. The sampling rate should be high enough to accommodate the maximum velocity of the target. AGC Automatic Gain Control. This mechanism automatically adjusts the gain in order to keep a certain output level thus compensating for variations in temperature and input signal level. Ambiguity When a parameter value is not fully resolved by the measurement because two or more actual parameter values lead to the same result. A typical situation in radar range or velocity measurements. Analyzer A device that records Doppler data during the measurement, e.g. a W-2100 or RTP-2100. Antenna The radiofrequency transmitter or receiver. When looking at a Weibel radar from behind the transmitter is to the right and the receiver is to the left. AP Atenna Pedestal. This the the Weibel term for the radar subsystem responsible for moving the antenna according to the pointing commands received e.g. from the RTP-2100 UG-3056 1.13 Weibel proprietary and confidential 55 Glossary of Terms ATI Azimuth Time Intensity. A graphical representation of the Doppler signal showing time on the x-axis and azimuth angle on the y-axis. Each dot in the plot is a color coded signal strength indicator for that specific time and azimuth angle. Azimuth The angle from the azimuth reference line to the line of sight projected onto the level plane. Positive to the right. Baud rate The rate of data transfer on the physical link. The baud rate is equal to the bit rate when transmission is binary (e.g. zeroes and ones). BNC connector A type of connector used with coaxial cables. The basic BNC connector is a male type mounted at each end of a cable. This connector has a center pin connected to the center cable conductor and a metal tube connected to the outer cable shield. A rotating ring outside the tube locks the cable to any female connector. Calibration The use of an independent reference to adjust the instrument and thereby improve the accuracy of the measurements made with the instrument. CP-2100 Keypad and joystick in one unit that connects to the Instrumentation Controller running WinTrack. CW Continuous Wave: a sine wave with constant amplitude and frequency. DAT The DAT file is where the raw Doppler data is saved. Antenna data is also saved in this file, except during on-line save. Datum A set of parameters that define the reference ellipsoid used for Geographic Coordinates. dB Deci Bell. Ten times the base-10 logarithm of the ratio between two power levels. E.g. 2 Watts is 3 dB higher than 1 Watt. 56 Weibel proprietary and confidential UG-3056 1.13 Glossary of Terms dBm Power level measured in dB milli Watts. Ten times the base-10 logarithm of the power level divided by one milli Watt. E.g. 10 Watts is equivalent to 40 dBm. DC Direct Current. Usually referring to a fixed offset value. Doppler The frequency offset caused by the radial velocity of the reflecting target. An outgoing target has a negative Doppler offset while an incoming target has a positive Doppler offset as seen from the radar. Drag The aerodynamic resistance of an object moving through the air. DTI Doppler Time Intensity. A graphical representation of the Doppler signal showing time on the x-axis and frequency on the y-axis. Each dot in the plot is a color coded signal strength indicator for that specific time and velocity. Elevation The angle between the level plane and the line of sight to the object. Ellipsoid A 3-dimensional surface generated by an ellipse rotating around one of its major axes. Geographic Coordinates refer to a specific ellipsoid definition. Encoder angle The angle read from either the azimuth or the elevation encoder in the radar pedestal. ETI Elevation Time Intensity. A graphical representation of the Doppler signal showing time on the x-axis and elevation angle on the y-axis. Each dot in the plot is a color coded signal strength indicator for that specific time and elevation angle. Extrapolating Estimating the value of a parameter outside the data set defining the parameter. As opposed to interpolating, where the parameter is estimated inside the data set. False target An artifact in the received signal that resembles a true reflection from an object. UG-3056 1.13 Weibel proprietary and confidential 57 Glossary of Terms FFT The Fast Fourier Transform, a very efficient method for resolving the frequency components of a signal. FMCW Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave. This waveform is a linear frequency sweep either repeated or with alternating periods of ramp-up and ramp-down. It is used for range measurement as an alternative to MF. Geographic North The North Pole as defined by the Earths rotational axis. GPS Global Positioning System. The GPS receiver is capable of generating absolute time information with high accuracy. IC-700 The Instrumentation Controller type 700. This is the computer running WinDopp. IC-2100 The Instrumentation Controller type 2100. This is the computer running WinTrack. IF Abbreviation for Intermediate Frequency. Often used when referring to downconvertion or upconvertion from mixers. IMU Acronym for Inertial Measurement Unit, a device that can be attached to the radar system in order to measure the changes in position and attitude of the platform on which the radar is located. The WinTrack software allows compensating the radar measurements for these changes and obtaining measurements referred to a fixed reference system. Inclinometer An instrument that measures angle relative to gravity. Instrumentation Controller An industrial grade PC running Windows controlling the radar instrumentation. The application is e.g. WinTrack. 58 Weibel proprietary and confidential UG-3056 1.13 Glossary of Terms IQ mixer Actually two mixers where one of the mixers are offset by a 90 phase relative to the other. This technique keeps Doppler frequencies above and below the radar frequency separated. IRIG-B The Inter-Range Instrumentation Group (IRIG) time code signal. This signal can be used to precisely synchronize the host computer clock to within a few microseconds. Launcher The device launching the object being measured, e.g. a gun or missile launcher. LNA Low Noise Amplifier. Keeping the noise contribution at a minimum is critical when amplifying weak signals, e.g. in the receiver. LO Abbreviation for Local Oscillator. Lock mode The state of the tracking algorithm. When "locked" the tracking loop is closed and corrections are based on the measured signal. When "unlocked" the operator may manually override the automatic tracking algorithm. Master The master data is pointing information produced by the radar and output through one of the external interfaces. MC-100 Mono-pulse Calibration target used as an artificial Doppler target generator. Its effectively a transponder with a fixed frequency offset of 32768 Hz. MF Multi Frequency: a technique that allows unambiguous range measurement using two transmitted signals. Mis-level The deviation from level. UG-3056 1.13 Weibel proprietary and confidential 59 Glossary of Terms Mono-pulse The phase coherence of a signal hitting two or more receiver antennas. Used to determine the direction to the observed object. MOT Multi Object Tracking: the algorithm that detects and tracks one or more objects in the received signal. Mount Model The mount model is a description of the mechanical errors or imperfections in the radar pedestal and its alignment. When the parameters of the model are known, these can be used to correct the raw data captured during a measurement yielding a more accurate result. Muzzle The tip of the gun barrel. MVR Muzzle Velocity Radar: a radar suitable for high accuracy measurement of the muzzle velocity. Origo The center of a coordinate system. Oscillator A signal generator with a sine wave output. PCB-302 Antenna sub controller card used in the transmitter and the receiver. PCB-812 Interface card. Perpendicular At an angle of 90 degrees. PowerPack Integrated amplifier module providing the transmitter RF output to four antenna sub-

elements. 60 Weibel proprietary and confidential UG-3056 1.13 PRM file Parameter file. Glossary of Terms PS-xxxx Power Supply unit that supplies power and for certain configurations functions as a communication link between IC and Radar system. Q-factor Quality factor. Used as a measure of the sensitivity of a radar. The Q-factor is proportional to the loop gain of the radar. Radar cross section The amount of RF power reflected by a specific object when looking at it from a specific aspect angle. The unit is area, e.g. m2. Radar Instrumentation A device used in the radar system, e.g. Tracking Controller, Antenna, Analyzer or Range Processor. Radial velocity The velocity component in the direction from/to the observer. The radial velocity is proportional to the Doppler frequency offset. Radiation hazard During transmission the radar transmits radio frequency power that may be dangerous to the health. Range Processor A device controlling the antenna system. Often used with an optical tracking platform, e.g. RP-2100. RAP Rocket Assisted Projectile. Refraction As light or radio waves passes from one transparent medium to another, it changes speed, and bends. This happens to radar signals passing through the atmosphere as well. RF Radio Frequency. The signal as transmitted or received by the radar. UG-3056 1.13 Weibel proprietary and confidential 61 Glossary of Terms RP-2100 Range Processor: a device controlling the antenna system often used with an optical tracking platform. RTD Real Time Display. A stand-alone display unit showing the RTP Doppler spectra real-time. RTDS Real Time Data Storage. An application storing the raw measurement data on a separate computer, usually a PC with a fast disk system. The RTDS has an optical link to a W-2100, providing the Doppler data to be saved on the disk. It is controlled from WinTrack via a TCP/IP connection. RTI Range Time Intensity. A graphical representation of the Doppler signal showing time on the x-axis and range on the y-axis. Each dot in the plot is a color coded signal strength indicator for that specific time and range. RTP Real Time Processor. The processing unit that captures the Doppler data and the encoder data and sends pointing information to the antenna pedestal. Optionally the RTP sends sampled Doppler data to the RTDS for storage and DTI results to the Real Time Display. Rx Acronym for Receive, usually referring to the receiver part of the radar. S/N Ratio Signal to noise ratio, se SNR. Sampling rate The analog to digital converter (ADC) sampling rate used to capture the Doppler signal. Slant range The distance from the observer to the object taking the height into account. Slave The slave data is used when the radar is in slave mode and refers to pointing information received from an external source. SL-xxxxxyyy Strip Line antenna radar system; where the xxxxx denotes power and gain configuration and yyy specific options for the radar system. 62 Weibel proprietary and confidential UG-3056 1.13 Glossary of Terms SL-B A bi-directional RS-422 connection typically used with optical platforms. The protocol handles encoder values and pointing commands between the Range Processor and the platform servo system. The packets are synchronized to the IRIG-B clock. Sliding fit A polynomial based smoothing/interpolation of the observed data. Sliding means that a new set of polynomial coefficients are calculated for every time step. SNR Signal to Noise Ratio. The ratio between the detected signal power and the noise power density integrated over a fixed bandwidth usually one Hz. SOT Single Object Tracking: the algorithm that detects and tracks one object in the received signal. Actually a special version of the MOT with the restriction that only one track is allowed at the time. Spherical Like the surface of a ball. The spherical coordinate system is the 3-dimensional equivalent to the polar (2-dimensional) coordinate system. Spin Rotation around the main body axis. SSB mixer Single Side Band mixer: an equivalent to the IQ Mixer, but with only one output, where either the frequencies above or below the mixer frequency have been suppressed. Systran An optical interface board transmitting or receiving Doppler data. TC Tracking Controller: the system controlling the pointing of the radar. Tilt The same as mis-level. TLE Two Line Element set. A two line description of a satellite trajectory. TLEs for all major satellites are available from e.g. http://www.celestrak.com/. UG-3056 1.13 Weibel proprietary and confidential 63 Glossary of Terms Tracking Controller The system controlling the pointing of the radar. Tracks Fragments of one or more trajectories observed in the received data. Trigger En event that starts the measurement process. TRJ file Trajectory file. TRK file Track file. This file holds the results from a MOT processing. Trunnion A cylindrical projection on each side of a piece, whether gun, mortar, or howitzer, serving to support it on the cheeks of the carriage. Tx Acronym for Transmit, usually referring to the transmitter part of the radar. UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver / Transmitter, an internal serial port device. Unambiguous range The maximum range where the distance to the object is determined without ambiguity. UTC Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is the international time standard. It is the current term for what was commonly referred to as Greenwich Meridian Time (GMT). Zero (0) hours UTC is midnight in Greenwich England, which lies on the zero longitudinal meridian. UTM The Universal Transverse Mercator grid system. VTI Velocity Time Intensity. A graphical representation of the Doppler signal showing time on the x-axis and object velocity on the y-axis. Each dot in the plot is a color coded signal strength indicator for that specific time and velocity. 64 Weibel proprietary and confidential UG-3056 1.13 Glossary of Terms W-1000 A device that records Doppler data during the measurement, also called an Analyzer. W-2100 A device that records Doppler data during the measurement, also called an Analyzer. W-700 A device that records Doppler data during the muzzle velocity measurement, also called an Analyzer. Part of an MVR system. WDP Weibel Data Protocol. The protocol is used before and during the measurement for communication between the RTP-2100, the IC-2100 running WinTrack and the AP-2100. WinDopp Weibel user software used for controlling the velocity radar system and processing and evaluating measured data. WinTrack Weibel user software used for controlling the tracking radar system and processing and evaluating measured data. Work file A file holding results from processing original Doppler data files and antenna pointing data. WRK Same as work file. UG-3056 1.13 Weibel proprietary and confidential 65 This page is intentionally left blank Glossary of Terms 66 Weibel proprietary and confidential UG-3056 1.13 Index M maintenance schedule 47 Microwave Filter 41 Miniaturized Low Noise Local Oscillator 44 O Operating temperature 54 P Painted surface 47 Peak power 54 Power Consumption 54 Power Pack 44 Power Supply Unit 44 R Relative humidity 54 S shipping boxes 6 Silica gel 41 Storage temperature 54 Supply voltage 54 T tripod 6 U unpack 6 W weight 53 width 53 8 Index A Anywhere USB Converter 44 B Belkin Box 44 C Channel Summer 41 connectors 48 corrosion 47 CPU Board 41 Crystal Cavity Resonator 44 D DC 53, 54 depth 53 Double Balanced IQ Mixer 41, 44 Double Balanced Mixer 41 H height 53 I Idle power 54 IF Amplifier Board 41 Integrated Analyzer 44 L LNA Pack (Low Noise Amplifier Pack) 44 LO Amplifier 41 LO Coupler 41 LO splitter 41 Local Oscillator 41 Low Noise Amplifier 41 Low Noise Local Oscillator 44 UG-3056 1.13 Weibel proprietary and confidential 67 Weibel Scientific Solvang 30 3450 Allerd Denmark Installation & Maintenance Guide PS-800 UG-3175 1.0 DISCLAIMER Weibel retains the rights to make changes to these specifications at any time without notice. Weibel makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Weibel assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document. Weibel makes no commitment to update nor to keep current the information contained in this document. Brand names used in this document may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies. Some of the trademarks mentioned in this product appear for identification purposes only. Void where prohibited. No other warranty expressed or implied. Subject to change without notice. Document was current at time of printing. Not responsible for direct, indirect, incidental or consequential damages resulting from any defect, error or failure to perform. Some equipment shown is optional. This supersedes all previous notices. 1992-2013 WEIBEL. Contents Contents 1 2 3 4 5 6 Introduction 1.1 1.2 1.3 Install the Power supply 2.1 2.2 2.3 Connectors & Indicators 3.1 1 PS-800 Overview ............................................................................................. 1 Change History ................................................................................................ 1 PS-800 Background ........................................................................................ 1 3 Overview .......................................................................................................... 3 Unpack the System ......................................................................................... 3 Mount the Power Supply ................................................................................. 3 5 Connector Overview ........................................................................................ 5 3.1.1 Antenna Power .................................................................................... 6 3.1.2 Warning Device ................................................................................... 6 3.1.3 External Power line in .......................................................................... 6 3.1.4 Fuses ................................................................................................... 7 3.1.5 Power Switch ....................................................................................... 7 3.1.6 LEDs .................................................................................................... 7 9 Overview .......................................................................................................... 9 Size and Weight .............................................................................................. 9 Power ............................................................................................................... 9 Environmental Conditions................................................................................ 9 11 Maintenance Schedule .................................................................................. 11 5.1.1 Clean the Power Supply with Fresh Water........................................ 11 5.1.2 Spray Connectors with WD40 ........................................................... 11 13 Physical Dimensions 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Maintenance 5.1 Index UG-3175 1.0 Weibel proprietary i 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 Introduction Introduction PS-800 Overview The PS-800 is a 15V power supply used for the MSL range of Doppler Radars. It supplies voltage to a range of antennas for instance the MSL-30031. Change History Version 1.0 1.0 Date 2013-07-11 2013-10-15 By Comment MRN First release. MRN New dimensions PS-800 Background The Power supply converts to the correct voltage for the radar and its equipment. UG-3175 1.0 Weibel proprietary 1 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 Install the Power supply Install the Power supply Overview Follow the instructions provided with the equipment to ensure safe and reliable operation. Unpack the System When you receive the tracking system please inspect the shipping boxes for any damage. Carefully open and remove the equipment and the accessories and keep the boxes for future use. If any of the boxes is damaged during transportation, check the equipment for any visible signs of damage. If any damage is detected, please contact Weibel as soon as possible. Mount the Power Supply The PS-800 power supply is designed to be placed next to the radar on the ground. It should be protected from direct water exposure. Make sure that nothing is blocking the free airflow to and from the power supply to avoid overheating. UG-3175 1.0 Weibel proprietary 3 3 3.1 Connectors & Indicators Connectors & Indicators Connector Overview In this section the external connectors and indicators of the PS-800 Power supply are described. 1 7 2 5 3 4 6 UG-3175 1.0 Weibel proprietary 5 Connectors & Indicators Description Antenna Power (page 6) Warning Device (page 6) External Power line in (page 6) Fuse (page 7) Power Switch (page 7) Ant. Power LED (page 7) PS-800 Power LED (page 7) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 The connector pin layouts are described in the tables in the follow parts. 3.1.1 3.1.2 3.1.3 6 Antenna Power Type: CANNON14-22F Pin number A B C D E Warning Device Type: CANNON12-3F Pin number A B C Description

+15V GND GND

+15V Warning device control Description Not connected

+12V GND External Power line in Type: CANNON16-3M Pin number 1 2 3 Description GND Phase Neutral Weibel proprietary UG-3175 1.0 3.1.4 3.1.5 3.1.6 Connectors & Indicators Fuses Use 10A or 5A for input voltages of 110VAC or 220VAC, respectively. Power Switch Main power input. Power switch turns ON / OFF the entire power supply for the system. LEDs LED Power Ant. Power LED Description Lights GREEN if Main power ON Lights GREEN if Antenna power ON (Transmitting) UG-3175 1.0 Weibel proprietary 7 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Physical Dimensions Physical Dimensions Overview This chapter covers the physical dimensions for the Power Supply Size and Weight Type PS-800 Dimension (HxDxW) 190mm x 262mm x 358.4mm (Handles in) 190mm x 262mm x 416mm (Handles out) Weight 9 kg Power Type PS-800 Input voltage 110VAC or 220VAC Max. 1000W Output 15VDC Max 900W Environmental Conditions All versions of the Power Supply are designed for the following environmental conditions:

Condition Storage temperature Operating temperature Relative humidity Value

-40C - +65C

-20C - +55C 0 100%

UG-3175 1.0 Weibel proprietary 9 5 5.1 5.1.1 5.1.2 Maintenance Maintenance Maintenance Schedule Interval Every month Maintenance Spray external electrical connectors. Clean the Power Supply with Fresh Water When the Power Supply is close to the sea, e.g. on a ship or on the pier use a garden hose with clean water (Without salt) and clean the Power Supply on a regular basis

(remember to tighten the connector caps and have the power disconnected). If the Power Supply is very dirty you can use a little Auto shampoo. Spray Connectors with WD40 Spray all external electrical connectors with WD40. UG-3175 1.0 Weibel proprietary 11 Index 6 Index E Environmental conditions 9 External connectors 5 External electrical connectors 11 I Indicators 5 M Main power 7 O Operating temperature 9 P Power consumption 9 R Relative humidity 9 S Shipping boxes 3 Size 9 Storage temperature 9 W Warning Device 6 Weight 9 UG-3175 1.0 Weibel proprietary 13

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

WEIBEL SCIENTIFIC A/S DOPPLERRADARS Po Type SL-15028PE Serial No: 1204387 oT CO"V/ayrti.'| WS

= ae i nercaees | Mprer mee: eee Verti. Beam: 10 HorizBeam: 5 Freq.: 10529 MHz Year mfg: 2020 FCC ID: 2A8GESL15028PE FCC CLASS Class A KE

 

 

Weibel Equipment, Inc. 7801 Mainsail Lane Sarasota, FL 34240

(571) 278-1989 Attestation Letter Date: 02/28/2023 FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSIONS Authorization and Evaluation Division 7435 Oakland Mills Road Columbia, MD 21046 Ref: Attestation Statements CFR 47 2.911(d)(5)(i) Filing FCC ID: 2A8GESL15028PE Weibel Equipment, Inc. certifies that the equipment for which authorization is sought is not covered equipment prohibited from receiving an equipment authorization pursuant to section 2.903 of the FCC rules. Sincerely, Peter Muller | VP, US Operations

(571) 278-1989 Pete@weibel.us Weibel Equipment, Inc. 7801 Mainsail Lane Sarasota, FL 34240 Rev. 1/17

 

 

Weibel Equipment, Inc. 7801 Mainsail Lane Sarasota, FL 34240

(571) 278-1989 Attestation Letter Date: 02/28/2023 FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSIONS Authorization and Evaluation Division 7435 Oakland Mills Road Columbia, MD 21046 Ref: Attestation Statements CFR 47 2.911(d)(5)(ii) Filing FCC ID: 2A8GESL15028PE Weibel Equipment, Inc certifies that as of the date of the filing of the application, the applicant is not identified on the Covered List as an entity producing covered equipment. Sincerely, Peter Muller | VP, US Operations

(571) 278-1989 Pete@weibel.us Weibel Equipment, Inc. 7801 Mainsail Lane Sarasota, FL 34240 Rev. 1/17

 

 

Weibel Equipment, Inc. 7801 Mainsail Lane Sarasota, FL 34240

(571) 278-1989 FCC Authorization 2 March 2023 FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSIONS Authorization and Evaluation Division 7435 Oakland Mills Road Columbia, MD 21046 Subject: Agent Authorization To whom it may concern:

We, Weibel Equipment, Inc., the undersigned, hereby authorizes Bay Area Compliance Laboratories Corp. to act on its behalf in all matters relating to application for Equipment authorization, including the signing of all documents relating to these matters. All acts carried out by Bay Area Compliance Laboratories Corp. on our behalf shall have the same effect as our own action. We, the undersigned, hereby certify that we are not subject to a denial of federal benefits, that includes FCC benefits, pursuant to Section 5301 of the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988, 21 U.S.C. 862. This authorization is valid until further written notice from the applicant. Sincerely, Pete Muller | VP, US Operations

(571) 278-1989 Pete@weibel.us

 

 

Weibel Equipment, Inc. 7801 Mainsail Lane Sarasota, FL 34240

(571) 278-1989 FCC Confidential Authorization 2023-02-28 FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSIONS Authorization and Evaluation Division 7435 Oakland Mills Road Columbia, MD 21046 Subject: Confidentiality Request regarding application for certification of FCC ID: 2A8GESL15028PE In accordance with Sections 0.457 and 0.459 of the Commissions Rules, Weibel Equipment, Inc. hereby requests long-term confidential treatment of information accompanying this application as outlined below:

Block Diagram Schematics Operation Description Turn up procedure Part list (BOM) As well as short-term (180 days) confidential treatment of information accompanying this application as outlined below:

Internal Photos Users Manual External Photos Test Set-up Photos The above materials contain proprietary and confidential information not customarily released to the public. The public disclosure of these materials provides unjustified benefits to its competitors in the market. Sincerely, Peter Muller | VP, US Operations

(571) 278-1989 Pete@weibel.us Rev. 1/17

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2023/02/28

Weibel Equipment, Inc. Weibel Equipment, Inc.

Weibel Equipment, Inc.

Weibel Equipment, Inc.

Weibel Equipment, Inc