XandemTomographicMotionDetection
(TMD)DemoKitUserGuideDocumentversion3.0 Usage Agreement Bypurchasing,obtaining,orinanywayusingaXandemTMDdemosystem,youagreethat:(1)thesystemisfor demonstrationandtestingpurposesonlyandXandemTechnology,LLCwillnotbeheldresponsibleforanyconsequencesof usingthesystem(2)youwillneverreverseengineerorprovidethesystemtoanotherentitywiththepurposeofreverse engineeringit(3)thesystemmaynotbecertifiedbyyourcountrysgovernmentalregulations,andyouarefullyresponsible forallusageandtestingofthesysteminthisregard. Thisdevicecomplieswithpart15oftheFCCRules.Operationissubjecttothefollowingtwoconditions:(1)Thisdevicemay notcauseharmfulinterference,and(2)thisdevicemustacceptanyinterferencereceived,includinginterferencethatmay causeundesiredoperation.ChangesormodificationstothishardwarenotexpresslyapprovedbyXandemcouldvoidthe usersauthoritytooperatetheequipment. ThisequipmenthasbeentestedandfoundtocomplywiththelimitsforaClassBdigitaldevice,pursuanttopart15ofthe FCCRules.Theselimitsaredesignedtoprovidereasonableprotectionagainstharmfulinterferenceinaresidential installation.Thisequipmentgenerates,usesandcanradiateradiofrequencyenergyand,ifnotinstalledandusedin accordancewiththeinstructions,maycauseharmfulinterferencetoradiocommunications.However,thereisnoguarantee thatinterferencewillnotoccurinaparticularinstallation.Ifthisequipmentdoescauseharmfulinterferencetoradioor televisionreception,whichcanbedeterminedbyturningtheequipmentoffandon,theuserisencouragedtotrytocorrectthe interferencebyoneormoreofthefollowingmeasures:(1)Reorientorrelocatethereceivingantenna.(2)Increasethe separationbetweentheequipmentandreceiver.(3)Connecttheequipmentintoanoutletonacircuitdifferentfromthatto whichthereceiverisconnected.(4)Consultanexperiencedwirelesstechnicianforhelp. Introduction CongratulationsonpurchasingyourXandemTomographicMotionDetection(TMD)kit!Thisdocument providesspecificationsandwillguideyouthroughtheprocessofconfiguringyoursystem. AXandemTMDsystemhastwokindsofdevices.Thenodesarethedevicesthatsurroundthearea wheremotionistobesensed.TheprocessingunitorPUdeviceshavenormallyclosedcontactsthatcan beusedtoeasilyintegratetheTMDkitwithothersystems,asshowninFigure1. Figure1:XandemTMDarchitecture. WhentheTMDsystemdetectsmotionwithintheareasurroundedbynodes,anormallyclosedrelayonthe processingunitisopened.Thisisthestandardwayinwhichmostsecurityandautomationpanelequipment istriggered. Hardware Specifications Figure2:ATMDprocessingunit Specification Supplyvoltage Currentconsumption(typical) Powerusage(typical) Integrationcontacts MaxRFtransmitpower Transmitdistance(typical) RFfrequency Node 312Volts 3450mA 100mW None 4.5dBm Noobstructions:70meters Mediumobstructions:35meters Heavyobstructions:20meters Minimum:2.405GHz Maximum:2.480GHz Channelbandwidth:5MHz Numberofchannels:16 Table1:XandemTMDspecifications. ProcessingUnit 312Volts 3450mA 100mW Normallyclosed None None Minimum:2.405GHz Maximum:2.480GHz Channelbandwidth:5MHz Numberofchannels:16 Installation Instructions 1. Wirepowertoeachnodeandprocessingunit.Usebatteriesataconvenientlocationbefore 2. permanentwiringanddeployment. Ifyouneedtochangethenumberofnodes,thechannel,orPAN,usetheconfigurationinstructions inthisdocumenttoprogrameachnodeandprocessingunit. 3. Aftercompletionofconfiguration,verifythatallnodesblinkmostlygreenandlittlered.RedLEDs indicatemissedpackets,butsomeamountofredisnormalaslongastherearemoregreenthanred blinks.IfexcessiveredLEDsareblinking:
a. verifythatallnodeshavepower. b. verifythatallnodesaresettothesamechannel. c. verifythateachnodeisconfiguredwiththecorrectID. d. verifythateachnodeisconfiguredwiththecorrectnumberoftotalnodes. e. verifythatallnodesarewithinrangeofeachother. f. verifythatallnodesaresettothesamePAN. g. verifythatotherequipmentisnotinterferingwiththeXandemsystem.Trychangingto anotherchannelifnecessary. h. verifythattheTXpowerofeachnodeissetcorrectly. 4. VerifythattheprocessingunithasgreenLEDsilluminated.GreenLEDsonthePUindicatethatall nodesarereportingcorrectly.Ifevenonenodeisnotreportingcorrectly,thegreenLEDswillbeoff. IfgreenLEDsarenotilluminatedonthePU:
a. verifythatthePUandallnodesarepoweredcorrectly. b. verifythatallnodesareinrangeofeachotherandthePU. c. verifythatthePUandallnodesaresettothesamechannel. d. verifythatthecorrectnumberofnodesissetinthePU. e. verifythatthePANissetthesameonthenodesandPU. f. verifythatotherequipmentisnotinterferingwiththeXandemsystem.Trychangingto anotherchannelifnecessary. g. verifythattheTXpowerofeachnodeissetcorrectly. 5. Deployandinstallthenodesaroundtheareaofinterest. 6. Walktestwiththeprocessingunitandverifythatmotionisdetectedcorrectlywithintheareaof interest.Setthesensitivityoftheprocessingunitaccordingly.Walkormovevehiclesaroundthe outsideoftheareatomakesurethethresholdisnotsetsolowthatmotionoutsidetheperimeter causesfalsetriggering. 7. Connecttheprocessingunittoapanelorotherequipmentusingthenormallyclosed(NC)contacts onconnectorA(seeFigure2).Theconnectorislabeledatthebottomofthecircuitboard. 8. Verifysteps3and4onceallnodesaredeployedifLEDindicatorsshowaproblem. Tips and Best Practices Usebatterypackstoconfigurethenodesandprocessingunitatatablebeforeinstallingdevicesin anypermanentlocations. Whensettingsensitivitythresholds,carrythePUwithabatterypackasyouwalkaroundthesensing area,adjustingthethresholdasnecessary.Walkormovevehiclesaroundtheoutsideoftheareato makesurethethresholdisnotsetsolowthatmotionoutsidetheperimetercausesfalsetriggering. Toavoidfalsealarms,trysettingthethresholdatahighvalueuponinstallation.Testthesystem,and ifitsnotsensitiveenough,decreasethethresholduntilitis.Itsbettertoapproachtheoptimum thresholdfromhigherthresholds,andworkyourwaytolowervaluestoavoidfalsetriggering. Avoidplacingnodesdirectlybehindmetalobjects.Thiswillcausesomeoftheradiowavestoreflect awayfromtheinteriorofthenetworkwhichdecreasesperformanceandcreatespossiblesensitivity outsidetheareaofinterest. Placenodesat24feetofftheground,anddonotplacenodesdirectlyontheground.Ground placementwillcausepoorantennaperformance,andlessenergywilltravelthroughpeopleasthey walkthroughthenetwork. Avoidplacingnodeswithin3metersofappliancesthatrunwatersuchasdishwashers,toilets,large waterpipes,andwashingmachines.Themovingwatermaycausefalsedetectionsifanodeis placedtooclose. ThePUmustbeabletocommunicatewithallnodesinthenetwork.Insomecases,thismayrequire placingthePUneartheareabeingsensedbythenodesandrunningalongersignalwirefromthe PUtothepanel. MicrowaveovenscancauseinterferencetoXandemTMDsystems.Avoidplacingnodesand processingunitswithinabout5metersofmicrowaveovens. Configuration Configuringthedevicesisdonewithaseriesofbuttonclickslocatedonthedevices.Figure2showsthe locationofthebuttonsandthecontactsoftherelayontheprocessingunit. Settingaparameter:Aconfigurationparameterisselected(seeTable2)byclickingS1acertain numberoftimes,andthenconfirmingtheselectionbyclickingS2.TheLEDswilldisplaya particularcodetoverifyyourselection.Aftertheparameterisselected,thenewvalueissetby anotherseriesofS1clicks,followedbyasecondconfirmationclickofS2.Theparametersaresaved inmemory,soevenifthedeviceisturnedoff,theconfigurationremainswhenpowerisrestored. Readingaparameter:Tofindoutthecurrentvalueofaparameter,clickS1thenumberoftimes needed(seeTable2)toselectthedesiredparameter,thenclickS2twice.LEDswillblinkthe numberoftimesthatmatchthevalueofthegivenparameter.Forexample,ifyouchooseChannel(4 clicks)itwillblink3timesifthechannelissetto3. Resettingtofactorydefaultvalues:ClickS1tentimes,thenclickS2toconfirm.ClickS1another tentimesthenclickS2toconfirm.Asuccessfulresetwillbefollowedby10LEDblinks. Note:Ifatanytimeyouareunsureastohowmanytimesyouhaveclickedthebutton,turnthe poweroffthenbackon,waitforthedevicetoreturntonormaloperation,andbegintheprocess again. Thefollowingtablecanbeusedtoquicklyreferencehowmanyclicksarerequiredtoseteach configuration.Seethedocumentationbelowfordetails. NumberofS1clicks Node ProcessingUnit LEDVerification FactoryDefaults 1 2 3 4 5 6 10 LEDIndicators LEDIndicators NumberofNodes NumberofNodes Green Orange On 8 NodeID Channel TXPower PAN MotionThreshold Green,Orange ID=1orThresh=2 Channel N/A PAN Red Red,Green Red,Orange 1 25 1 FactoryReset FactoryReset Yellow,Orange Table2:Parameterselectionguide NodeConfiguration LEDIndicators LEDscanbeenabledordisabledoneachnode.Whenthegreenlightblinksonanode,itmeansthenodeis transmitting.Ifaredlightblinks,itmeansthatareceptionfromanothernodehasfailed.Someamountof flickeringredisnormal,butifanodehasmoreredlightthangreenblinking,theremaybeaproblemwith interferenceornodeconfiguration. ToenableordisabletheLEDindicators:
1. ClickS1onetime. 2. ClickS2onetimetoconfirmyouwanttosettheLED. 3. ThegreenLEDshouldbeilluminated. 4. ClickS1onetimetodisableLEDindicators,ortwotimestoenablethem. 5. ClickS2onetimetoconfirmthenewsetting. Nodecount Eachnodemustbeprogrammedwiththetotalnumberofnodesinthesensingnetwork.Processingunitsdo notcountasnodes. Toprogramthenodecount:
1. ClickS1twotimes. 2. ClickS2onetimetoconfirmyouwanttosettheNodeCount. 3. TheorangeLEDshouldbeilluminated. 4. ClickS1Ntimes,whereNisthenumberoftotalnodesinthesensingnetwork. 5. ClickS2onetimetoconfirmthenewsetting. NodeID EachnodemustbeprogrammedwithauniqueIDintherangefrom1tothetotalnumberofnodesinthe sensingnetwork.Forexample,ifyouareprogrammingan8nodenetwork,youwouldprogramthefirst nodeIDas1,thesecondas2,allthewayuptothe8thnode. ToprogramthenodeID:
1. ClickS1threetimes. 2. ClickS2onetimetoconfirmyouwanttosettheNodeID. 3. ThegreenandorangeLEDsshouldbeilluminated. 4. ClickS1Ntimes,whereNisthenodeIDyouwishtosetforthisparticularnode. 5. ClickS2onetimetoconfirmthenewsetting. Channel Thefrequencychannelofeachnodecanbechanged,butallnodesinthesensingnetworkmustbesettothe samechannel.Theprocessingunitforthenetworkmustalsobesettothesamechannelsothatitcanhear thenodes.SeeTable3forchannelcenterfrequencies. Tochangethechannelofanode:
1. ClickS1fourtimes. 2. ClickS2onetimetoconfirmyouwanttosettheChannel. 3. TheredLEDshouldbeilluminated. 4. ClickS1Ntimes,whereNisthechannelyouwishtochangeto.ValidChannelsarefrom111. 5. ClickS2onetimetoconfirmthenewsetting. Channel1beginsatfrequency2.480GHzandmovestowardlowerfrequenciesin5MHzstepsateach channel. Channel1 2480MHz Channel2 2475MHz Channel3 2470MHz Channel4 2465MHz Channel5 2460MHz Channel6 2455MHz Channel7 2450MHz Channel8 2445MHz Channel9 2440MHz Channel10 2435MHz Channel11 2430MHz Channel12 2425MHz Channel13 2420MHz Channel14 2415MHz Channel15 2410MHz Channel16 2405MHz Table3:Chanelcenterfrequencies Transmitpower Thetotaltransmitpowerofeachnodecanbeconfigured.Highertransmitpowerresultsinlonger transmissiondistances,butalsomaycausemoreinterferencetoneighboringdevices. Tochangethetransmitpowerofanode:
1. ClickS1fivetimes. 2. ClickS2onetimetoconfirmyouwanttosettheTXPower. 3. TheredandgreenLEDsshouldbeilluminated. 4. ClickS1Ntimes,whereNisthetransmitpowerlevelyouwouldliketochangeto.Validlevelsare 125,with1beingthelowesttransmitpowerand25beingthehighest. 5. ClickS2onetimetoconfirmthenewsetting. PAN PANstandsforpersonalareanetwork,andisasamechannelfilteringmechanism.Nodesandprocessing unitsthatareonthesamechannelbuthavedifferentPANswillnotcommunicate,butmaystillinterfere witheachother.Allnodesinthesensingnetwork,includingtheprocessingunitmustbesettothesamepan. Inmostcases,thisdoesnotneedtobechangedfromfactorydefaults.Ifyouaretryingtousemultiple systemsonthesamechannel,thePANmustbedifferentineachsystem,andnodesfromeachsystem shouldbeseparatedbyasmuchphysicalspaceaspossible.ItmaybehelpfultoreducetheTXpoweron eachnodetoreducetheamountofsamechannelinterference. Tochangethepanofanode:
1. ClickS1sizetimes. 2. ClickS2onetimetoconfirmyouwanttosetthePAN. 3. TheredandorangeLEDsshouldbeilluminated. 4. ClickS1Ntimes,whereNisthePANyouwishtochangeto.ValidPANsarefrom1255. 5. ClickS2onetimetoconfirmthenewsetting. FactoryReset Toresetthenodestofactorydefaults:
1. ClickS1tentimes. 2. ClickS2onetimetoconfirmtheresetsetting. 3. TheyellowandorangeLEDsshouldbeilluminated. 4. ClickS1tenmoretimes. 5. ClickS2forafinalconfirmationtoreset.Thiswillbefollowedby10blinks. ProcessingUnitConfiguration LEDIndicators LEDscanbeenabledordisabledoneachprocessingunit.Whenthegreenlightison,itmeansthePUis receivingdatafromallconfigurednodesinthenetwork.IfthegreenLEDisTheredLEDindicatesthat motioniscurrentlybeingdetected. ToenableordisabletheLEDindicators:
1. ClickS1onetime. 2. ClickS2onetimetoconfirmyouwanttosettheLED. 3. ThegreenLEDshouldbeilluminated. 4. ClickS1onetimetodisableLEDindicators,ortwotimestoenablethem. 5. ClickS2onetimetoconfirmthenewsetting. Nodecount ThePUmustbeprogrammedwiththetotalnumberofnodesinthesensingnetwork. Toprogramthenodecount:
1. ClickS1twotimes. 2. ClickS2onetimetoconfirmyouwanttosettheNodeCount. 3. TheorangeLEDshouldbeilluminated. 4. ClickS1Ntimes,whereNisthenumberoftotalnodesinthesensingnetwork. 5. ClickS2onetimetoconfirmthenewsetting. Threshold(Sensitivityformotiondetection) ThePUhasanadjustablemotiondetectionthreshold.Lowerthresholdvalueswilltriggereasierthanlarger values.Goodthresholdvaluesarehighlydependentonthenodedensityofthesensingnetwork.For example,8nodessurroundinganareaof1000squarefeetwillhavelowerthresholdsthan8nodesina spaceof200squarefeet. Ifthethresholdissettoolow,motionontheoutsideofthesensingnetworkmaytriggeramotiondetection. Ifthethresholdissettoohigh,motionmaynotbedetectedwhenmotionoccurswithintheareaofinterest. Aninstallercanusethefollowingequationtogetanapproximatethreshold:
ApproximateThreshold=round[1000*(nodes/squarefeet)]+2. Keepinmindthatthisequationisanestimateonly,andmaynotprovideaccuratethresholdsforallenvironments. Installerswillneedtoexperimentwiththesystemtofindthebestthresholdforeachinstallation. Asanexampleforthecaseof8nodesover1000squarefeet,8/1000=.008,whichresultsinathresholdof approximately12. Toprogramthethreshold:
1. ClickS1threetimes. 2. ClickS2onetimetoconfirmyouwanttosettheThreshold. 3. ThegreenandorangeLEDsshouldbeilluminated. 4. ClickS1Ntimes,whereNisthedesiredthreshold.Validthresholdvaluesarefrom116. 5. ClickS2onetimetoconfirm. Channel Thefrequencychannelofeachnodecanbechanged,butallnodesinthesensingnetworkmustbesettothe samechannel.Theprocessingunitforthenetworkmustalsobesettothesamechannel.SeeTable3for channelcenterfrequencies. Tochangethechannel:
1. ClickS1fourtimes. 2. ClickS2onetimetoconfirmyouwanttosettheChannel. 3. TheredLEDshouldbeilluminated. 4. ClickS1Ntimes,whereNisthechannelyouwishtochangeto.ValidChannelsarefrom111. 5. ClickS2onetimetoconfirmthenewsetting. PAN PANstandsforpersonalareanetwork,andisasamechannelfilteringmechanism.Nodesandprocessing unitsthatareonthesamechannelbuthavedifferentPANswillnotcommunicate,butmaystillinterfere witheachother.Allnodesinthesensingnetwork,includingtheprocessingunitmustbesettothesamepan. Inmostcases,thisdoesnotneedtobechangedfromfactorydefaults.Ifyouaretryingtousemultiple systemsonthesamechannel,thePANmustbedifferentineachsystem,andnodesfromeachsystem shouldbeseparatedbyasmuchphysicalspaceaspossible.ItmaybehelpfultoreducetheTXpoweron eachnodetoreducetheamountofsamechannelinterference. Tochangethepan:
1. ClickS1sizetimes. 2. ClickS2onetimetoconfirmyouwanttosetthePAN. 3. TheredandgreenLEDsshouldbeilluminated. 4. ClickS1Ntimes,whereNisthePANyouwishtochangeto.ValidPANsarefrom1255. 5. ClickS2onetimetoconfirmthenewsetting. FactoryReset Toresetthenodestothefactorydefaults(seeTable2):
1. ClickS1tentimes. 2. ClickS2onetimetoconfirmtheresetsetting. 3. TheyellowandorangeLEDsshouldbeilluminated. 4. ClickS1tenmoretimes. 5. ClickS2forafinalconfirmationtoreset.Thiswillbefollowedby10blinks. Frequently Asked Questions Howfarcanthedevicestransmit?
Thedistancethateachnodecantransmitisdependentontheenvironment.Sometypicalenvironmentsare summarizedbelow. Noobstructionslineofsight:70metersistypical Mediumobstructions:35metersistypical Heavyobstructionsandwalls:20metersistypical Whileeachnodecantransmituptothesedistances,allnodesandtheprocessingunitmustbeinrangeof eachother. HowmanynodesshouldIuseforaparticulararea?
Thedetectionperformanceofthesystemimprovesasthedensityofnodes(nodespersquarefeet/meter) increases.Ifyounoticeadeadspotwherethesystemisnotdetectingmotionaswellasotherareas,try movingoraddingnodessothatmorelinkscrossthroughthatarea. Howclosedoestheprocessingunitneedtobeinrelationtothenodes?
Theprocessingunitmustbeabletoheareachandeverynode.Theprocessingunitshouldbeplaced somewherenearthenodenetwork,thenwiredtoapanelorotherinterfacedevice. Whatfrequencydoesthesystemuse?
XandemTMDoperatesonbetween2.405GHzand2.480GHz,dependingonthechannelselected.The channelcanbechangedtoavoidinterferencewithotherdevicesthatmaybeusingthesamefrequencies. AretheradiowavesusedbyTMDharmfultohumansoranimals?
TheamountofradiopowerusedbyXandemTMDisextremelylow.AnentireTMDsystemwithallnodes broadcastsabout500timeslesswirelesspowerthanasinglecellphone,andlesstotalpowerthanawireless router. WillotherwirelessequipmentandXandemTMDinterferewitheachother?
Insomecases,yes,butXandemhascarefullydevelopedourproductstoberobustinthepresenceofother devicesusingthe2.4GHzspectrum.Incaseswhereinterferenceisanissue,thechannelcanbechangedto anopenfrequency,justlikeacordlessphone. Canthesystemrunonbatteriesordoesitneedtobehardwired?
Eachnodeconsumesabout3450mAofcurrentandcanrunfor35daysontwoAAbatteries(longerwith largerbatteries). Willthesystemdetectmotionwhenarodentorpetmoves?
Notunlesstheanimalislarge.Thesystemcanbeeasilysettoavoidtriggeringwhensmallpetsorrodents movewithinanarea.Astheweightandsizeoftheanimalincreases,thresholdsshouldbeincreasedaswell toavoidtriggering.Nodesshouldbeplacedsuchthatpetscantcomecloserthanabout1meter.