CDMA 2000 1X Digital Mobile Phone User Manual The manual is applicable for the ZTE S133 mobile phone. Copyright 2011 by ZTE Corporation All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be quoted, reproduced, translated or used in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without the prior written permission of ZTE Corporation. The Bluetooth trademark and logos are owned by the Bluetooth SIG, Inc. and any use of such trademarks by ZTE Corporation is under license. Other trademarks and trade names are the property of their respective owners. ZTE Corporation reserves the right to make modifications on print errors or update specifications in this manual without prior notice. Version 1.0 in Feb. 2011 Contents Lets get started ...................................................................................................... 1 Lost or stolen? ...................................................................................................... 1 Using your phone safely ....................................................................................... 2 Battery care and safety ........................................................................................ 6 Charger care and safety ....................................................................................... 7 Getting to know your phone.................................................................................. 9 Inserting and removing a memory card .............................................................. 13 Using the battery ................................................................................................ 14 Power on/off ....................................................................................................... 16 Using your phone ................................................................................................. 17 Basic operation ..................................................................................................... 18 Common functions ............................................................................................... 19 Making and receiving calls ................................................................................. 19 Writing messages ............................................................................................... 21 Viewing messages ............................................................................................. 21 Adding a new contact ......................................................................................... 22 Using your phone as memory ............................................................................ 22 Using your phone as modem ............................................................................. 22 Main function list .................................................................................................. 24 Input what you want, how you want... ................................................................ 33 Appendix ............................................................................................................... 35 Care and maintenance ....................................................................................... 35 FCC regulations ................................................................................................. 36 Declaration of RoHS compliance........................................................................ 40 Disposal of your old phone ................................................................................. 41 Problems and their solutions .............................................................................. 42 Lets get started Lets get started Thanks for choosing the ZTE-C S133. Its a cdma 2000 1X Digital Mobile Phone, which well simply call phone from now on. If youd like your phone to live a long and fruitful life, please read this guide carefully and keep it for future reference. You never know when you might need it. And dont worry if the pictures we use to demonstrate your phones functions look a little different from what you see on its screen. Its the functions they show that matter. Lost or stolen?
If your phone goes missing, please tell your service provider as soon as you know. That way other people can be barred from using it. Obviously, its best to keep your phone with you at all times, and wed strongly advise you to set a phone lock code, and change it from time to time. 1 Lets get started Using your phone safely on the road Using a phone while driving is illegal in many countries. Please follow local laws and drive safely at all times. near sensitive electronics Dont use your phone near sensitive electronic equipment particularly medical devices such as pacemakers as it could cause them to malfunction. It can also interfere with the operation of fire detectors and other automatic-control equipment. For more information about how your phone affects pacemakers or other electronic equipment, please contact the manufacturer or your local distributor. Your phone may cause interference when used near TVs, radios or automated office equipment. while flying Your phone can cause interference with aircraft equipment. So its 2 essential you follow airline regulations. And if airline personnel ask you to switch off your phone, or disable its wireless functions, please do as they say. Lets get started Your phone may interfere with the normal operation of medical equipment. Follow all hospital regulations and turn it off when youre asked to by posted warnings or medical staff. Dont use your phone at petrol stations. In fact, its always best to switch off whenever youre near fuels, chemicals or explosives. around water Keep your phone away from water (or any other liquid). Its not a in hospital at a petrol station waterproof model. making repairs Never take your phone apart. Please leave that to the professionals. Unauthorised repairs could break the terms of your warranty. 3 Lets get started broken antenna injury. Dont use your phone if the antenna is damaged, as it could cause around children Keep your mobile out of childrens reach. It should never be used as a toy and it might not be good for their health. original accessories Only use the original accessories supplied with your phone or those approved by the manufacturer. Using unapproved accessories may affect performance, make the warranty void, break national regulations on the use of mobile phones, or even cause injury. near explosives Turn off your phone in or near areas where explosive materials are used. Always obey local laws and turn off your phone when requested. 4 Lets get started emergency calls To make an emergency call your phone must be turned on and in an area where theres network coverage. Dial the national emergency number and press send. Explain exactly where you are and dont hang up until help has arrived. working temperature The working temperature for the phone is between 0 and 40. Please dont use the phone outside the range. Using the phone under too high or too low temperature might cause problems. At very high volume, prolonged listening to a mobile phone can damage your hearing. 5 Lets get started Battery care and safety Keep the battery in a cool, ventilated place and out of direct sunlight. Although the battery is rechargeable, itll eventually start to lose its ability to recharge. If you find that the battery wont recharge, its time to replace it. Please dont throw old batteries into your household rubbish. Youll find there are special bins for batteries at refuse collection points. And some high street electrical stores provide a battery recycling service too. Never throw the battery into a fire its highly inflammable and could explode, hurting you or somebody else. When you put the battery into your phone, theres no need to use force. Exerting too much pressure could make it leak, overheat, explode or burst into flame. Never take the battery apart. This may result in leakage, overheating, explosion or fire. If the battery becomes hot, changes colour or shape at any time
(when in use, charging or even while in storage) please stop using it immediately and replace. Keep the battery dry. Damp or wet conditions can cause it to overheat 6 Lets get started or corrode. Dont leave the battery in direct sunlight or anywhere really hot, like in a car on a summers day. That could make it leak or overheat, while lowering its performance and shortening its life. Dont charge the battery continuously for 24 hours. Overcharging is not good for it. Note:
Please avoid contact with the materials inside a damaged or leaking battery. If they get on your skin, wash with lots of water and seek medical assistance if required. Charger care and safety Only plug into voltages between 110VAC and 220VAC. Using a voltage outside that range can damage the phone/charger and cause the battery to leak or catch fire. Never short-circuit the charger this may cause electrocution, overheating or damage. Dont charge the phone in direct sunlight or in an area where its damp, 7 Lets get started dusty, or on a vibrating surface. And charging your phone near or on a TV or radio could interfere with transmission. Dont use the charger if the power cable is damaged. It may cause a fire or give someone an electric shock. Keep water well away from the charger. If the charger does get splashed by water, or any other kind of liquid, immediately unplug it to avoid overheating, fire or electrocution. Dont take the charger apart. It could cause injury, give you an electric shock or catch fire. Never touch any charger, electric cable or socket with wet hands. Dont place heavy objects on the electric cable. If the cable is damaged, dont try to mend it yourself it could cause a fire or electrocute you. Always unplug the charger before you clean it. When unplugging the charger, hold the plug itself, rather than pulling on the cable. A damaged cable can cause electrocution or fire. 8 LCD Receiver Left/right soft key Getting to know your phone Under text input mode, press *
key to display the list of symbols. In idle screen, hold the key to Dial a number or receive incoming calls; In idle mode, press the key to view call Carries out the operations at the left-bottom/right-bottom corner of the screen. Send key
* key 9 Lets get started Navigation keys and OK key In idle screen:
Up key: Standby shortcut Down key: Messaging Left key: Neo Applications Right key: Neo Navigation OK key: main menu End key
# key In idle screen, hold # key to quickly switch between Silent mode and other mode; Under text input mode,press # key to switch the Headset jet Flash Came ra Side keys Adjust the volume Speaker Lets get started USB port Note:
In this user guide, press means pressing the key and then releasing. Hold means pressing and holding the key for two seconds or 10 more. Lets get started 11 Lets get started Onscreen icons Icons Descriptions Network signal strength Audio player is on You have missed calls Self-defined mode Meeting mode Outdoor mode FM radio on You message Call divert have unread Icons Descriptions Battery capacity A clock alarm is active. Insert the headset Flight mode Silent mode Bluetooth on Calling or in a call Roaming 12 Inserting and removing a memory card Lets get started Note:
Removing or inserting a memory card when your phone is turned on could not only damage it and your phone, but also destroy any data saved on the card. 1. Remove the battery cover of the phone. 2. Insert the memory card into the slot. Before you take out the card, please remove the battery cover of the phone, slightly press the memory card to unlock it and then take out the card. 13 Lets get started Using the battery Inserting the battery 1. Open the battery cover on the back of your phone. 2. Align the battery's contact points with those of the phone and gently press the battery down into place. 3. Replace the battery cover clicking it back into position. Removing the battery 1. Switch off your phone. 2. Open the battery cover. 3. Lift the battery up and out of your phone. 14 Lets get started Charging the battery The rechargeable Li-ion battery that comes with your phone is ready to use, but is not charged. Thats easy to do. Well show you how below. The first three times you use the battery, make sure its completely drained before recharging. And then recharge it fully. That will help to ensure its optimum performance and a long life. 1. Connect the charger to your phone, and plug it into an 110V/220V socket. 2. The battery indicator in the corner of the screen will scroll right and left to show you its charging. And please dont worry if the phone and charger become warm while charging. Thats completely normal. 3. When fully charged, the battery indicator will stop scrolling. 4. Disconnect the charger from your mobile, and unplug. 15 Lets get started Power on/off Power on Long press the Power key until the power-on animation appears. When you turn your phone on, itll automatically show the following information on screen:
Please input the security code: If youve set phone lock. Searching: The phone will search for the available network. Power off In idle mode, long press the Power key and then select Power off. 16 Using your phone My files Calendar En tus manos Using your phone Press the OK key to enter the main menu Calls Miss calls Outgoing calls Incoming calls All calls Delete all Call duration Contacts Quick view Search number Add Group Massive delete Speed dial Import card Memory status Multimedia Video player Audio player Camera Camcorder FM radio Recorder Messaging New message Inbox Outbox Drafts Sent User folder Settings Memory status Voice mail Neo Application Neo Navigation 17 Settings Profiles Phone settings Call settings Network settings Security Version Camera Tools JAVA Alarm Calendar Calculator World time Bluetooth Stopwatch Converter Basic operation Basic operation Menu Navigation In idle screen, press the Left soft key to enter the main menu. Once at the main menu, use the Navigation keys and the Left soft key to enter the submenu, press Back to return to the previous menu, and press the Power key to return to the home screen. Keypad Lock You can use the keypad lock to prevent the keys from being accidentally pressed. You can press the Power key to lock the screen quickly. To unlock the screen, press any key and then press the Left soft key and # key. In Settings Auto lock, set the auto keypad lock time. If the phone is not operated within this time, the keypad will be locked. Phone settings 18 Common functions Common functions Making and receiving calls Making a call Directly make a call: In idle mode, press the numeric keys to input the telephone number and press the Send key to make a call. Making a call from Contacts: In idle mode, press the Right Soft key to enter Contacts, select the desired contact and press the Send key to make a call. Making a call from Call History: In idle mode, press the Send key, select the desired call log and press the Send key to make a call. Make an international call: Press the * key continuously until
+ appears on the screen, and then dial the country code or region code, city code and phone number. 19 Common functions Receiving a call Someones calling? Press the Send key to answer. Adjusting the volume During a call, you can raise or lower the volume by using the side keys. And in idle mode, you can use the side keys to adjust the keypad volume. Hands-free During a call, press LoudSp. to enter the hands-free status, and press Nomal to restore the normal conversation. Call Options During a call, if you need input the symbols such as password during a call, please press Option and select Dialer, and then input the symbols. You could also press Option and then select Contacts or Messages to view the relevant information. 20 Common functions Writing messages 1. Enter the main menu, then select Messaging New message. 2. Enter recipient or press Add to add the recipient from Contacts. 3. Press the Down key to enter the text field and write your message. The default message type is SMS. 4. If you want to change to MMS, you can press Option and choose Message type MMS; or you can press Option and choose Insert to directly insert multimedia contents to the message and it will be switched to MMS automatically. 5. When you finish writing, press Send to send the message out. If you want to save the message as a draft, select Option Draft. Save to Viewing messages Your phone is very versatile. According to what youve selected, it can tell you that youve received a new message in three different ways: a ringtone, a prompt, or a new message icon. 1. Press View to open the Inbox. You can also go to Inbox through the 21 Common functions main menu to read the message. 2. Press the OK key to reply or go to Option to select Forward, Delete, or whatever you want to do Adding a new contact 1. Enter the main menu, then select Contacts. 2. Select Add. 3. Edit the information and select Save. Using your phone as memory Make sure the memory card is installed and your phone is switched off, Then connect the phone to your PC with the USB data cable, and switch your phone back on. Then select U disk on the phone, and you can use your phone as extra memory. Using your phone as modem You could use your mobile phone as Modem after connecting it and PC with the data cable. For details, please refer to <User Guide to Dial-up 22 Internet Software> in CD. Common functions 23 Main function list Main function list In idle mode, press the OK key to enter the main menu. Those marked with * need support from network operators. Operation method Calls Miss calls / Outgoing calls / Incoming calls / All calls Calls Select one call log Option Delete Calls Delete all Calls Call duration Contacts Quick view Functions View call history Descriptions View the recent incoming, missed and outgoing calls. Delete a call log Delete call logs View call duration View contacts Delete a call log. Delete Miss calls / Outgoing calls / Incoming calls / All calls. View the duration of last call, all outgoing calls and all incoming calls. View all contacts. Press left/right key to switch among the contacts in each group. Input the first letter of the contacts name to quickly 24 Functions Search number Add contacts Edit contact Caller groups Delete contacts Speed dial Import card Descriptions search the contact. Input a phone number to inquire the contact. Save the telephone number and name. Edit the information of existing contact. Divide the contacts into different groups. You can select to batch delete some contacts or select to delete all contacts. Edit 8 phone numbers and assign these numbers to the keys from 2 to 9. In the dialing interface, hold the numeric key to quickly dial the corresponding phone number of the numeric key. You can import the 25 Main function list Operation method Contacts Search number Contacts Add Contacts Select one contact Option Edit Contacts Group Contacts Massive delete Contacts Speed dial Contacts Import card Main function list Functions Memory status Video player Audio player Camera Descriptions phonebook file from the memory card or from the phone. Check the memory status of the contacts. Play the video file. Play the audio file. Capture digital photos. Video recorder FM radio Sound recorder Record audio files. Send message Record video files. Listen to FM broadcasts. View message Templates Delivery report Send text messages/
multimedia messages to other mobile phones. Read the messages
(received, unsent, sent, drafts, saved). Select the template to send text message or multimedia message. This option is useful only for 26 Operation method Contacts Memory status Multimedia Video player Multimedia Audio player Camera or Multimedia Camera Multimedia Camcorder Multimedia FM radio Multimedia Recorder Messaging New message Messaging tbox /Sent/User folder Inbox/Drafts/Ou Messaging Settings Tem plate Messaging Settings SMS Main function list Operation method settings Delivery report Messaging Memory status Messaging Voice mail Enter Dialer, hold 1 key to call the voicemail number. Neo Application Neo Navigation Homepage Settings Profiles Select profile (Standard/ Meeting etc.) Startup Functions Memory status Voice mail*
Neo Navigation User profiles Descriptions SMS function. After this function is activated and the message is sent, your phone would receive Delivery Report from network side, which prompts you that your message has been delivered or undelivered. Check the memory status of the messages. A caller can leave a message and you can listen to it in your voicemail. download games and applications. Log onto the homepage of movilnet. Perform personalized settings on ringtone, volume, ringer type, etc. according to different events and occasions. 27 Neo Application Get access to mobile shop to Main function list Functions Wallpaper Standby shortcut Desktop shortcut LCD backlight Keypad backlight Power-saving mode Date and time format Schedule power on/off Descriptions Set the standby image on the screen. Set the shortcut functions of four navigation keys in idle mode. Set the shortcut icon in the lower part of the screen in idle mode. Set the backlight time and brightness for LCD. Set the time to turn on kepad backlight . Turn on/off power-saving mode. Set the date and time format. Perform the action of power on/off according to the setting time. 28 Operation method Settings Phone settings Display Wallpaper Settings Phone settings Display Standby shortcut Settings Phone settings Display Desktop shortcut Settings Phone settings LCD backlight Settings Phone settings Keypad backlight Settings Phone settings Power-saving mode Settings Phone settings Date and time format Settings Phone settings Schedule power-on/off Functions Auto keypad lock Language Call forwarding*
Call waiting*
Any key to answer Headset auto answer Descriptions The keypad lock would prevent the inadvertent operation caused by key press. Select the language for the menu. Forward the incoming call to designed number on a specific occasion. You will be prompted by the network upon an incoming call if this function is activated. If this function is set On, press any key except End key & Right Soft Key to answer the call. If this function is set On, you can automatically answer the phone after inserting the 29 Main function list Operation method Settings Phone settings Auto lock Settings Phone settings Language Settings Call settings Call forwarding Settings Call settings Call waiting Settings Call settings Any key to answer Settings Call settings Headset auto answer Main function list Functions Call barring*
Auto redial Voice Privacy Network settings Phone lock Operation method Incoming call Settings Call settings firewall Settings Call settings Auto redial Settings Call settings Voice Privacy Settings Network settings Settings Security Phone lock Descriptions earpiece. You could edit the Whitelist and Blacklist and set the incoming call restriction. When selecting On for Auto redial, your phone will automatically redial after a while if the call is not answered. Set the type of voice privacy. If you select "On", conversation will be encrypted. This function requires network support, so please consult your network operator. Custom Proxy. Activate phone lock to prevent the phone from abuse. The default security code is 1234. 30 Functions Restore factory settings Java Descriptions Restore to original factory settings. Get access to Java games and applications. Alarm Calendar Calculator World time Set multiple alarms, and support power-off alarm. Check the calendar and schedule. Simple calculation, such as add, subtract, multiply, divide, etc. Check the current time in 31 Main function list Operation method Settings Security Reset 1. Connect PC with the phone through data cable, and select U disk. 2. Copy the setup program into the memory card. 3. Select the application to install. 4. Select Launch after the installation. Enter Applications select the game. Tools Alarm Java to Calendar or Tools Calendar Tools Calculator Tools World time Main function list Functions Bluetooth Stopwatch Converter File manager Descriptions different cities around the world. Exchange data with your phone & other Bluetooth devices, and listen to music or talk hands-free with Bluetooth headset. See how long it takes whatever it may be. Convert basic units, such as inches to centimeters. Set the exchange rate and account foreign currency or vice versa. View the files saved in phone and memory card. Operation method Tools Bluetooth Tools Stopwatch Tools Converter My files 32 Input what you want, how you want... Input what you want, how you want... The phone supports ABC/ abc/eZiEN, ES/es/eZiES, 123 and symbol input method. Change input mode: Press # key to change the input mode. Input Letters: In ABC/abc mode, press the corresponding letter key till the letter appears. Input Words: In eZi EN, eZi en, eZi Abc mode, key-in any letter with a single key press. Press each key only once for every letter. The word changes after each key stroke. When you have finished writing the word and it is correct, confirm it by pressing the OK key. If the word displayed on the screen is not what you want, press left/right key to view other matching words, then confirm it by pressing the OK key. Predictive text input is based on a built-in dictionary. Input Digits: In 123 mode, press digit key once to key-in a digit. In ABC/abc mode, long press the number key. Input Symbol: Press * key to enter a symbol. In ABC/abc mode, press 1 key till the required symbol (common symbols) appears. Input Space: Press 0 key to input space. It does not work in 123 mode. 33 Input what you want, how you want... Delete Character: Press Right soft key to clear a character. Delete all Characters: Press and hold Right soft key to delete all characters. 34 Appendix Appendix Care and maintenance Your phone is a delicate device. The following advice will help you to keep it looking good and performing well Use a soft dry cloth to clean your phone, battery and charger. Dont use liquids such as alcohol, dilution agents or benzene. From time-to-time, clean the socket where the charger cable connects to the phone. Dust tends to gather there. This will ensure a really good connection. Dont use needles, pen points or other sharp objects on the keypad or screen. Dont use your phone with wet hands it could injure you and damage the phone. Dont use your phone in dusty or dirty environment. Keep your phone away from extremes of heat like radiators or ovens. It may explode if it gets too hot. If your phone gets wet and the colour of the label on it changes, the warranty will be void, even if the warranty period hasnt expired. 35 Appendix If theres anything wrong with the phone, battery, charger, or any accessory, please send them to your nearest service centre for inspection. FCC regulations This mobile phone complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. This mobile phone has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiated radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
-Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
-Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
-Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which 36 Appendix the receiver is connected.
-Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the users authority to operate the equipment. The antenna(s) used for this transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. 37 Appendix 4RF exposure information (SAR) This mobile phone meets the governments requirements for exposure to radio waves. This phone is designed and manufactured not to exceed the emission limits for exposure to radio frequency (RF) energy set by the Federal Communications Commission of the U.S. Government. The exposure standard for wireless mobile phones employs a unit of measurement known as the Specific Absorption Rate, or SAR. The SAR limit set by the FCC is 1.6W/kg. *Tests for SAR are conducted using standard operating positions accepted by the FCC with the phone transmitting at its highest certified power level in all tested frequency bands. Although the SAR is determined at the highest certified power level, the actual SAR level of the phone while operating can be well below the maximum value. This is because the phone is designed to operate at multiple power levels so as to use only the poser required to reach the network. In general, the closer you are to a wireless base station antenna, the lower the power output. The highest SAR value for the model phone as reported to the FCC, described in this user guide, is Band CDMA2000 BC0 Position Head Body SAR (W/Kg) 0.546 0.739
(Body-worn measurements differ among phone models, depending upon available 38 Appendix accessories and FCC requirements.) While there may be differences between the SAR levels of various phones and at various positions, they all meet the government requirement. The FCC has granted an Equipment Authorization for this model phone with all reported SAR levels evaluated as in compliance with the FCC RF exposure guidelines. SAR information on this model phone is on file with the FCC and can be found under the Display Grant section of http://www.fcc.gov/oet/fccid after searching on FCC ID:Q78-S133 For body worn operation, this phone has been tested and meets the FCC RF exposure guidelines for use with an accessory that contains no metal and the positions the handset a minimum of 1.5 cm from the body. Use of other accessories may not ensure compliance with FCC RF exposure guidelines. If you do no t use a body-worn accessory and are not holding the phone at the ear, position the handset a minimum of 1.5cm from your body when the phone is switched on. This device is compliance with SAR for general population /uncontrolled exposure limits in ANSI/IEEE C95.1-1999 and had been tested in accordance with the measurement methods and procedures specified in OET Bulletin 65 Supplement C. 39 Appendix Declaration of RoHS compliance Were determined to reduce the impact we have on the environment and take responsibility for the earth we live on. So this document allows us to formally declare that the S133, manufactured by ZTE CORPORATION, fully complies with the European Parliaments RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances) Directive 2002/95/EC, with respect to all the following substances:
(1) Lead (Pb)
(2) Mercury (Hg)
(3) Cadmium (Cd)
(4) Hexavalent Chromium (Cr (VI))
(5) Polybrominated biphenyl (PBB)
(6) Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) Our compliance is witnessed by written declaration from our suppliers. This confirms that any potential trace contamination levels of the substances listed above are below the maximum level set by EU 2002/95/EC, or are exempt due to their application. The S133 manufactured by ZTE CORPORATION, meets all the requirements of EU 2002/95/EC. 40 Appendix Disposal of your old phone 1. When the wheelie bin symbol is attached to a product, it means the product is covered by the European Directive 2002/96/CE. 2. All electrical and electronic products should be disposed of separately from normal household waste via designated collection points provided by government or local authorities. 3. The correct disposal of electrical and electronic products will help protect the environment and human health. 41 Appendix Problems and their solutions Symptoms Phone wont turn on Phone turns itself off Poor standby time Cant connect to the network Calls keep cutting off Phone doesnt ring when I receive incoming calls Possible Causes The battery is flat Poor contact Solutions Charge the battery Reinstall the battery Battery very low Charge the battery Deceasing of battery performance Weak network signal Weak network signal Out of the service area Weak network signal Phone is set to Mute or minimum volume. 42 Replace the battery Turn off the phone Move to where the signal is stronger Make sure youre in a network service area. Move to where the signal is stronger Enter Settings > Profiles to select a Non-silent mode, or increase the ring Appendix Symptoms Possible Causes Solutions volume. 43