FCC ID: I88P660WTXV2 802.11g Wireless ADSL2+ Router

P-660W-Tx v2 ADSL Router over POTS/ISDN Users Guide Version 3.40 03/2008 Edition 2 DEFAULT LOGIN IP Address http://192.168.1.1 Password 1234 www.zyxel.com About This User's Guide About This User's Guide Intended Audience This manual is intended for people who want to configure the ZyXEL Device using the web configurator. You should have at least a basic knowledge of TCP/IP networking concepts and topology. Related Documentation Quick Start Guide The Quick Start Guide is designed to help you get up and running right away. It contains information on setting up your network and configuring for Internet access. Web Configurator Online Help Embedded web help for descriptions of individual screens and supplementary information. Command Reference Guide The Command Reference Guide explains how to use the Command-Line Interface (CLI) and CLI commands to configure the ZyXEL Device.

It is recommended you use the web configurator to configure the ZyXEL Device. Supporting Disk Refer to the included CD for support documents. ZyXEL Web Site Please refer to www.zyxel.com for additional support documentation and product certifications. Users Guide Feedback Help us help you. Send all Users Guide-related comments, questions or suggestions for improvement to the following address, or use e-mail instead. Thank you!

The Technical Writing Team, ZyXEL Communications Corp., 6 Innovation Road II, Science-Based Industrial Park, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan. E-mail: techwriters@zyxel.com.tw P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 3 Document Conventions Document Conventions Warnings and Notes These are how warnings and notes are shown in this Users Guide.

Warnings tell you about things that could harm you or your ZyXEL Device.

Notes tell you other important information (for example, other things you may need to configure or helpful tips) or recommendations. Syntax Conventions The P-660W-T1 v2 and the P-660W-T3 v2 may be referred to as the ZyXEL Device, the P-660W-Tx v2, the device, the system or the product in this Users Guide. Product labels, screen names, field labels and field choices are all in bold font. A key stroke is denoted by square brackets and upper case text, for example, [ENTER]

means the enter or return key on your keyboard. Enter means for you to type one or more characters and then press the [ENTER] key. Select or choose means for you to use one of the predefined choices. A right angle bracket (>) within a screen name denotes a mouse click. For example, Maintenance > Log > Log Setting means you first click Maintenance in the navigation panel, then the Log sub menu and finally the Log Setting tab to get to that screen. Units of measurement may denote the metric value or the scientific value. For example, k for kilo may denote 1000 or 1024, M for mega may denote 1000000 or 1048576 and so on. e.g., is a shorthand for for instance, and i.e., means that is or in other words. Icons Used in Figures Figures in this Users Guide may use the following generic icons. The ZyXEL Device icon is not an exact representation of your ZyXEL Device. 4 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Document Conventions Table 1 Common Icons ZyXEL Device Computer Notebook Server Printer Telephone Switch Router Internet Cloud Firewall Modem Wireless Signal Television DSLAM P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 5 Safety Warnings Safety Warnings

For your safety, be sure to read and follow all warning notices and instructions. Do NOT use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming pool. Do NOT expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids. Do NOT store things on the device. Do NOT install, use, or service this device during a thunderstorm. There is a remote risk of electric shock from lightning. Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device. ONLY qualified service personnel should service or disassemble this device. Make sure to connect the cables to the correct ports. Place connecting cables carefully so that no one will step on them or stumble over them. Always disconnect all cables from this device before servicing or disassembling. Use ONLY an appropriate power adaptor or cord for your device. Connect it to the right supply voltage (for example, 110V AC in North America or 230V AC in Europe). Use ONLY power wires of the appropriate wire gauge (see Chapter 20 on page 201 for details) for your device. Connect it to a power supply of the correct voltage (see Chapter 20 on page 201 for details). Do NOT allow anything to rest on the power adaptor or cord and do NOT place the product where anyone can walk on the power adaptor or cord. Do NOT use the device if the power adaptor or cord is damaged as it might cause electrocution. If the power adaptor or cord is damaged, remove it from the device and the power source. Do NOT attempt to repair the power adaptor or cord. Contact your local vendor to order a new one. Do not use the device outside, and make sure all the connections are indoors. There is a remote risk of electric shock from lightning. Do NOT obstruct the device ventilation slots, as insufficient airflow may harm your device. Use only No. 26 AWG (American Wire Gauge) or larger telecommunication line cord. Antenna Warning! This device meets ETSI and FCC certification requirements when using the included antenna(s). Only use the included antenna(s). If you wall mount your device, make sure that no electrical lines, gas or water pipes will be damaged. This product is recyclable. Dispose of it properly. 6 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Safety Warnings P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 7 Safety Warnings 8 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Contents Overview Contents Overview Introduction ............................................................................................................................27 Introducing the ZyXEL Device ................................................................................................... 29 Introducing the Web Configurator .............................................................................................. 33 Setup Wizard ..........................................................................................................................39 Connection Setup Wizard.......................................................................................................... 41 Media Bandwidth Management Wizard ..................................................................................... 49 Advanced Setup .....................................................................................................................53 LAN Setup ................................................................................................................................. 55 Wireless LAN ............................................................................................................................. 65 WAN Setup ................................................................................................................................ 81 Network Address Translation (NAT) Screens ............................................................................ 93 Dynamic DNS Setup ................................................................................................................ 103 Time and Date ......................................................................................................................... 105 Firewalls .................................................................................................................................. 107 Firewall Configuration ...............................................................................................................119 Content Filtering ...................................................................................................................... 139 Remote Management Configuration ........................................................................................ 143 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) ............................................................................................. 147 Logs Screens ........................................................................................................................... 159 Media Bandwidth Management Advanced Setup .................................................................... 165 Maintenance .........................................................................................................................179 Maintenance ............................................................................................................................ 181 Troubleshooting and Specifications ..................................................................................193 Troubleshooting ....................................................................................................................... 195 Product Specifications ............................................................................................................. 201 Appendices ...........................................................................................................................207 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 9 Contents Overview 10 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Table of Contents Table of Contents About This User's Guide ..........................................................................................................3 Document Conventions............................................................................................................4 Safety Warnings........................................................................................................................6 Contents Overview ...................................................................................................................9 Table of Contents....................................................................................................................11 List of Figures .........................................................................................................................19 List of Tables...........................................................................................................................23 Part I: Introduction................................................................................. 27 Chapter 1 Introducing the ZyXEL Device...............................................................................................29 1.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 29 1.2 Ways to Manage the ZyXEL Device .................................................................................... 29 1.3 Good Habits for Managing the ZyXEL Device ..................................................................... 30 1.4 LEDs .................................................................................................................................... 30 Chapter 2 Introducing the Web Configurator ........................................................................................33 2.1 Web Configurator Overview ................................................................................................. 33 2.1.1 Accessing the Web Configurator ................................................................................ 33 2.1.2 Resetting the ZyXEL Device ...................................................................................... 34 2.1.3 Navigating the Web Configurator ............................................................................... 34 2.2 Change Login Password .................................................................................................... 37 Part II: Setup Wizard .............................................................................. 39 Chapter 3 Connection Setup Wizard ......................................................................................................41 3.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 41 3.1.1 Internet Access Wizard Setup .................................................................................... 41 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 11 Table of Contents Chapter 4 Media Bandwidth Management Wizard.................................................................................49 4.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 49 4.1.1 Media Bandwidth Management Wizard ..................................................................... 49 Part III: Advanced Setup........................................................................ 53 Chapter 5 LAN Setup................................................................................................................................55 5.1 LAN Overview ..................................................................................................................... 55 5.1.1 LANs, WANs and the ZyXEL Device .......................................................................... 55 5.1.2 DHCP Setup ............................................................................................................... 56 5.1.3 DNS Server Address .................................................................................................. 56 5.1.4 DNS Server Address Assignment .............................................................................. 56 5.2 LAN TCP/IP ......................................................................................................................... 57 5.2.1 IP Address and Subnet Mask ..................................................................................... 57 5.2.2 RIP Setup ................................................................................................................... 58 5.2.3 Multicast ..................................................................................................................... 58 5.2.4 Any IP ......................................................................................................................... 59 5.3 Configuring LAN ................................................................................................................. 60 5.4 Configuring Static DHCP .................................................................................................... 62 Chapter 6 Wireless LAN...........................................................................................................................65 6.1 Wireless Network Overview ................................................................................................. 65 6.2 Wireless Security Overview ................................................................................................. 66 6.2.1 SSID ........................................................................................................................... 66 6.2.2 MAC Address Filter .................................................................................................... 66 6.2.3 User Authentication .................................................................................................... 66 6.2.4 Encryption .................................................................................................................. 67 6.3 Additional Wireless Terms ................................................................................................... 68 6.4 The Main Wireless LAN Screen .......................................................................................... 68 6.5 Configuring the Wireless Screen ........................................................................................ 70 6.5.1 No Security ................................................................................................................. 71 6.5.2 WEP Encryption ......................................................................................................... 72 6.5.3 WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK ................................................................................................ 73 6.5.4 WPA/WPA2 ................................................................................................................ 75 6.6 Configuring MAC Filters ................................................................................................... 77 6.7 WDS Screen ........................................................................................................................ 79 Chapter 7 WAN Setup...............................................................................................................................81 12 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Table of Contents 7.1 WAN Overview ................................................................................................................... 81 7.1.1 Encapsulation ............................................................................................................. 81 7.1.2 Multiplexing ................................................................................................................ 82 7.1.3 VPI and VCI ............................................................................................................... 82 7.1.4 IP Address Assignment .............................................................................................. 82 7.1.5 Nailed-Up Connection (PPP) ..................................................................................... 83 7.1.6 NAT ............................................................................................................................ 83 7.2 Metric .................................................................................................................................. 83 7.3 PPPoE Encapsulation ......................................................................................................... 84 7.4 Traffic Shaping ..................................................................................................................... 84 7.5 Zero Configuration Internet Access ..................................................................................... 85 7.6 The Main WAN Screen ....................................................................................................... 85 7.7 Configuring WAN Setup ...................................................................................................... 86 7.8 Traffic Redirect .................................................................................................................... 90 7.9 Configuring WAN Backup ................................................................................................... 90 Chapter 8 Network Address Translation (NAT) Screens.......................................................................93 8.1 NAT Overview ..................................................................................................................... 93 8.1.1 NAT Definitions .......................................................................................................... 93 8.1.2 What NAT Does ......................................................................................................... 94 8.1.3 How NAT Works ......................................................................................................... 94 8.1.4 NAT Application .......................................................................................................... 94 8.1.5 NAT Mapping Types ................................................................................................... 95 8.2 SUA (Single User Account) Versus NAT ............................................................................. 96 8.3 SUA Server .......................................................................................................................... 96 8.3.1 Default Server IP Address .......................................................................................... 97 8.3.2 Port Forwarding: Services and Port Numbers ............................................................ 97 8.3.3 Configuring Servers Behind SUA (Example) ............................................................. 97 8.4 Selecting the NAT Mode ..................................................................................................... 98 8.5 Configuring SUA Server Set ............................................................................................... 98 8.6 Configuring Address Mapping Rules .................................................................................. 99 8.7 Editing an Address Mapping Rule .................................................................................... 101 Chapter 9 Dynamic DNS Setup .............................................................................................................103 9.1 Dynamic DNS Overview ................................................................................................... 103 9.1.1 DYNDNS Wildcard ................................................................................................... 103 9.2 Configuring Dynamic DNS ................................................................................................. 103 Chapter 10 Time and Date .......................................................................................................................105 10.1 Configuring Time and Date ............................................................................................. 105 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 13 Table of Contents Chapter 11 Firewalls.................................................................................................................................107 11.1 Firewall Overview ............................................................................................................ 107 11.2 Types of Firewalls ............................................................................................................ 107 11.2.1 Packet Filtering Firewalls ....................................................................................... 107 11.2.2 Application-level Firewalls ...................................................................................... 108 11.2.3 Stateful Inspection Firewalls .................................................................................. 108 11.3 Introduction to ZyXELs Firewall ....................................................................................... 108 11.3.1 Denial of Service Attacks ....................................................................................... 109 11.4 Denial of Service .............................................................................................................. 109 11.4.1 Basics ..................................................................................................................... 109 11.4.2 Types of DoS Attacks ..............................................................................................110 11.5 Stateful Inspection .............................................................................................................113 11.5.1 Stateful Inspection Process .....................................................................................114 11.5.2 Stateful Inspection and the ZyXEL Device ..............................................................114 11.5.3 TCP Security ...........................................................................................................115 11.5.4 UDP/ICMP Security .................................................................................................115 11.5.5 Upper Layer Protocols .............................................................................................116 11.6 Guidelines for Enhancing Security with Your Firewall .......................................................116 11.6.1 Security In General ..................................................................................................116 11.7 Packet Filtering Vs Firewall ...............................................................................................117 11.7.1 Packet Filtering: .......................................................................................................117 11.7.2 Firewall ....................................................................................................................118 Chapter 12 Firewall Configuration.......................................................................................................... 119 12.1 Access Methods ...............................................................................................................119 12.2 Firewall Policies Overview ...............................................................................................119 12.3 Rule Logic Overview ....................................................................................................... 120 12.3.1 Rule Checklist ........................................................................................................ 120 12.3.2 Security Ramifications ............................................................................................ 120 12.3.3 Key Fields For Configuring Rules .......................................................................... 121 12.4 Connection Direction ....................................................................................................... 121 12.4.1 LAN to WAN Rules ................................................................................................. 121 12.4.2 Alerts ...................................................................................................................... 122 12.5 The Main Firewall Screen ................................................................................................ 122 12.6 Configuring Default Firewall Policy ............................................................................... 122 12.7 Rule Summary ............................................................................................................... 123 12.7.1 Configuring Firewall Rules ................................................................................... 125 12.8 Customized Services ...................................................................................................... 128 12.9 Configuring A Customized Service ................................................................................. 128 12.10 Example Firewall Rule ................................................................................................... 129 12.11 Predefined Services ....................................................................................................... 133 14 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Table of Contents 12.12 Anti-Probing ................................................................................................................... 134 12.13 DoS Thresholds ............................................................................................................ 135 12.13.1 Threshold Values ................................................................................................. 135 12.13.2 Half-Open Sessions ............................................................................................. 135 12.13.3 Configuring Firewall Thresholds ........................................................................... 136 Chapter 13 Content Filtering ...................................................................................................................139 13.1 Content Filtering Overview ............................................................................................. 139 13.2 The Main Content Filter Screen ....................................................................................... 139 13.3 Configuring Keyword Blocking ........................................................................................ 140 13.4 Configuring the Schedule ............................................................................................... 141 13.5 Configuring Trusted Computers ...................................................................................... 141 Chapter 14 Remote Management Configuration ...................................................................................143 14.1 Remote Management Overview ..................................................................................... 143 14.1.1 Remote Management Limitations .......................................................................... 143 14.1.2 Remote Management and NAT .............................................................................. 144 14.1.3 System Timeout .................................................................................................... 144 14.2 Telnet ............................................................................................................................... 144 14.3 FTP .................................................................................................................................. 144 14.4 Web ................................................................................................................................. 145 14.5 Configuring Remote Management .................................................................................. 145 Chapter 15 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)..........................................................................................147 15.1 Introducing Universal Plug and Play ............................................................................... 147 15.1.1 How do I know if I'm using UPnP? ......................................................................... 147 15.1.2 NAT Traversal ........................................................................................................ 147 15.1.3 Cautions with UPnP ............................................................................................... 147 15.2 UPnP and ZyXEL ............................................................................................................ 148 15.2.1 Configuring UPnP ................................................................................................. 148 15.3 Installing UPnP in Windows Example .............................................................................. 149 15.4 Using UPnP in Windows XP Example ............................................................................. 152 Chapter 16 Logs Screens ........................................................................................................................159 16.1 Logs Overview ................................................................................................................ 159 16.1.1 Alerts and Logs ...................................................................................................... 159 16.2 Configuring Log Settings ................................................................................................. 159 16.3 Displaying the Logs ........................................................................................................ 161 16.3.1 Example E-mail Log ............................................................................................... 162 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 15 Table of Contents Chapter 17 Media Bandwidth Management Advanced Setup ..............................................................165 17.1 Media Bandwidth Management Overview ...................................................................... 165 17.2 Bandwidth Classes and Filters ........................................................................................ 165 17.3 Proportional Bandwidth Allocation ................................................................................... 166 17.4 Bandwidth Management Usage Examples ...................................................................... 166 17.4.1 Application-based Bandwidth Management Example ............................................ 166 17.4.2 Subnet-based Bandwidth Management Example .................................................. 166 17.4.3 Application and Subnet-based Bandwidth Management Example ........................ 167 17.5 Scheduler ........................................................................................................................ 167 17.5.1 Priority-based Scheduler ........................................................................................ 168 17.5.2 Fairness-based Scheduler ..................................................................................... 168 17.6 Maximize Bandwidth Usage ............................................................................................ 168 17.6.1 Reserving Bandwidth for Non-Bandwidth Class Traffic .......................................... 168 17.6.2 Maximize Bandwidth Usage Example .................................................................... 168 17.7 Bandwidth Borrowing ....................................................................................................... 170 17.7.1 Maximize Bandwidth Usage With Bandwidth Borrowing ........................................ 170 17.8 The Main Media Bandwidth Management Screen .......................................................... 171 17.9 Configuring Summary ..................................................................................................... 171 17.10 Configuring Class Setup ............................................................................................... 172 17.10.1 Media Bandwidth Management Class Configuration ......................................... 173 17.10.2 Media Bandwidth Management Statistics ........................................................... 176 17.11 Bandwidth Monitor ....................................................................................................... 177 Part IV: Maintenance............................................................................ 179 Chapter 18 Maintenance ..........................................................................................................................181 18.1 Maintenance Overview .................................................................................................... 181 18.2 System Status Screen .................................................................................................... 181 18.2.1 System Statistics .................................................................................................... 183 18.3 DHCP Table Screen ....................................................................................................... 185 18.4 Any IP Table Screen ....................................................................................................... 185 18.5 Wireless Screen ............................................................................................................. 186 18.5.1 Association List ..................................................................................................... 186 18.6 Diagnostic Screens .......................................................................................................... 187 18.6.1 General Diagnostic ................................................................................................ 187 18.6.2 DSL Line Diagnostic ............................................................................................. 188 18.7 Firmware Upgrade .......................................................................................................... 189 18.8 FTP Command Line ........................................................................................................ 190 18.8.1 Filename Conventions .......................................................................................... 191 16 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 18.8.2 FTP Command Line Procedure ............................................................................. 191 18.8.3 GUI-based FTP Clients .......................................................................................... 192 18.8.4 FTP Restrictions .................................................................................................... 192 Table of Contents Part V: Troubleshooting and Specifications...................................... 193 Chapter 19 Troubleshooting....................................................................................................................195 19.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs ...................................................................... 195 19.2 ZyXEL Device Access and Login .................................................................................... 196 19.3 Internet Access ................................................................................................................ 197 19.4 Reset the ZyXEL Device to Its Factory Defaults .............................................................. 198 19.5 Wireless Router/AP Troubleshooting ............................................................................... 199 Chapter 20 Product Specifications .........................................................................................................201 20.1 General ZyXEL Device Specifications ............................................................................. 201 20.2 Wall-mounting Instructions .............................................................................................. 205 20.3 Power Adaptor Specifications .......................................................................................... 206 Part VI: Appendices ............................................................................. 207 Appendix A Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions ......................................209 Appendix B Wireless LANs ..................................................................................................217 Appendix C Common Services ............................................................................................231 Appendix D Legal Information ..............................................................................................235 Appendix E Customer Support.............................................................................................241 Index.......................................................................................................................................247 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 17 Table of Contents 18 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide List of Figures List of Figures Figure 1 High-speed Internet Access with the ZyXEL Device ................................................................ 29 Figure 2 Password Screen ..................................................................................................................... 34 Figure 3 Change Password at Login ...................................................................................................... 34 Figure 4 Web Configurator: Site Map Screen ....................................................................................... 35 Figure 5 Password .................................................................................................................................. 37 Figure 6 Internet Access Wizard Setup: ISP Parameters ....................................................................... 42 Figure 7 Internet Connection with PPPoE .............................................................................................. 43 Figure 8 Internet Connection with RFC 1483 ........................................................................................ 44 Figure 9 Internet Connection with ENET ENCAP ................................................................................... 44 Figure 10 Internet Connection with PPPoA ............................................................................................ 45 Figure 11 Internet Access Wizard Setup: Third Screen .......................................................................... 46 Figure 12 Internet Access Wizard Setup: LAN Configuration ................................................................ 46 Figure 13 Internet Access Wizard Setup: Connection Tests .................................................................. 47 Figure 14 MBM Wizard: Media Bandwidth Management ...................................................................... 50 Figure 15 MBM Wizard: Media Bandwidth Management ...................................................................... 51 Figure 16 LAN and WAN IP Addresses .................................................................................................. 55 Figure 17 Any IP Example ...................................................................................................................... 59 Figure 18 LAN Setup .............................................................................................................................. 61 Figure 19 LAN > Static DHCP ................................................................................................................ 62 Figure 20 Example of a Wireless Network ............................................................................................. 65 Figure 21 Wireless LAN .......................................................................................................................... 69 Figure 22 Wireless Security Methods ..................................................................................................... 69 Figure 23 Network > Wireless LAN ....................................................................................................... 70 Figure 24 Network > Wireless LAN: No Security ................................................................................... 71 Figure 25 Wireless Screen ..................................................................................................................... 72 Figure 26 Network > Wireless LAN: WPA-PSK/ ..................................................................................... 74 Figure 27 Network > Wireless LAN > General: WPA/WPA2 ................................................................... 75 Figure 28 MAC Filter .............................................................................................................................. 78 Figure 29 Connecting Wireless Networks Using WDS .......................................................................... 79 Figure 30 Advanced Setup > Wireless LAN > WDS ............................................................................... 80 Figure 31 Example of Traffic Shaping .................................................................................................... 85 Figure 32 WAN ...................................................................................................................................... 85 Figure 33 WAN Setup (PPPoE) .............................................................................................................. 87 Figure 34 Traffic Redirect Example ........................................................................................................ 90 Figure 35 Traffic Redirect LAN Setup ..................................................................................................... 90 Figure 36 WAN Backup .......................................................................................................................... 91 Figure 37 How NAT Works ..................................................................................................................... 94 Figure 38 NAT Application With IP Alias ................................................................................................ 95 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 19 List of Figures Figure 39 Multiple Servers Behind NAT Example .................................................................................. 97 Figure 40 NAT Mode .............................................................................................................................. 98 Figure 41 Edit SUA/NAT Server Set ....................................................................................................... 99 Figure 42 Address Mapping Rules ....................................................................................................... 100 Figure 43 Edit Address Mapping Rule ................................................................................................. 101 Figure 44 Dynamic DNS ....................................................................................................................... 104 Figure 45 Time and Date ...................................................................................................................... 105 Figure 46 ZyXEL Device Firewall Application ....................................................................................... 109 Figure 47 Three-Way Handshake ..........................................................................................................110 Figure 48 SYN Flood .............................................................................................................................111 Figure 49 Smurf Attack ..........................................................................................................................112 Figure 50 Stateful Inspection .................................................................................................................113 Figure 51 Content Filtering .................................................................................................................. 122 Figure 52 Firewall: Default Policy ......................................................................................................... 123 Figure 53 Firewall: Rule Summary ...................................................................................................... 124 Figure 54 Firewall: Edit Rule ................................................................................................................ 126 Figure 55 Firewall: Customized Services ............................................................................................. 128 Figure 56 Firewall: Configure Customized Services ............................................................................. 129 Figure 57 Firewall Example: Rule Summary ........................................................................................ 130 Figure 58 Firewall Example: Edit Rule: Destination Address .............................................................. 130 Figure 59 Edit Custom Port Example ................................................................................................... 131 Figure 60 Firewall Example: Edit Rule: Select Customized Services ................................................... 132 Figure 61 Firewall Example: Rule Summary: My Service ................................................................... 133 Figure 62 Firewall: Anti Probing ........................................................................................................... 134 Figure 63 Firewall: Threshold ............................................................................................................... 136 Figure 64 Content Filtering .................................................................................................................. 139 Figure 65 Content Filter: Keyword ........................................................................................................ 140 Figure 66 Content Filter: Schedule ....................................................................................................... 141 Figure 67 Content Filter: Trusted .......................................................................................................... 141 Figure 68 Telnet Configuration on a TCP/IP Network ........................................................................... 144 Figure 69 Remote Management ........................................................................................................... 145 Figure 70 Configuring UPnP ................................................................................................................. 148 Figure 71 Add/Remove Programs: Windows Setup: Communication .................................................. 149 Figure 72 Add/Remove Programs: Windows Setup: Communication: Components ............................ 150 Figure 73 Network Connections ........................................................................................................... 150 Figure 74 Windows Optional Networking Components Wizard ............................................................ 151 Figure 75 Networking Services ............................................................................................................. 151 Figure 76 Network Connections ........................................................................................................... 152 Figure 77 Internet Connection Properties ............................................................................................ 153 Figure 78 Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings ............................................................. 154 Figure 79 Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings: Add .................................................... 154 Figure 80 System Tray Icon .................................................................................................................. 155 Figure 81 Internet Connection Status ................................................................................................... 155 20 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide List of Figures Figure 82 Network Connections ........................................................................................................... 156 Figure 83 Network Connections: My Network Places .......................................................................... 157 Figure 84 Network Connections: My Network Places: Properties: Example ........................................ 157 Figure 85 Log Settings ......................................................................................................................... 160 Figure 86 View Logs ............................................................................................................................. 162 Figure 87 E-mail Log Example ............................................................................................................. 163 Figure 88 Application-based Bandwidth Management Example .......................................................... 166 Figure 89 Subnet-based Bandwidth Management Example ................................................................ 167 Figure 90 Application and Subnet-based Bandwidth Management Example ....................................... 167 Figure 91 Bandwidth Allotment Example .............................................................................................. 169 Figure 92 Maximize Bandwidth Usage Example .................................................................................. 170 Figure 93 Media Bandwidth Mgnt. ....................................................................................................... 171 Figure 94 Media Bandwidth Management: Summary .......................................................................... 171 Figure 95 Media Bandwidth Management: Class Setup ...................................................................... 173 Figure 96 Media Bandwidth Management: Class Configuration .......................................................... 174 Figure 97 Media Bandwidth Management Statistics ............................................................................ 176 Figure 98 Media Bandwidth Management: Monitor ............................................................................. 177 Figure 99 System Status ...................................................................................................................... 182 Figure 100 System Status: Show Statistics .......................................................................................... 184 Figure 101 DHCP Table ........................................................................................................................ 185 Figure 102 Any IP Table ....................................................................................................................... 186 Figure 103 Association List .................................................................................................................. 186 Figure 104 Diagnostic: General ............................................................................................................ 187 Figure 105 Diagnostic: DSL Line .......................................................................................................... 188 Figure 106 Firmware Upgrade .............................................................................................................. 189 Figure 107 Network Temporarily Disconnected .................................................................................... 190 Figure 108 Error Message .................................................................................................................... 190 Figure 109 Wall-mounting Example ...................................................................................................... 205 Figure 110 Masonry Plug and M4 Tap Screw ....................................................................................... 206 Figure 111 Pop-up Blocker ................................................................................................................... 209 Figure 112 Internet Options: Privacy .................................................................................................... 210 Figure 113 Internet Options: Privacy .....................................................................................................211 Figure 114 Pop-up Blocker Settings ......................................................................................................211 Figure 115 Internet Options: Security ................................................................................................... 212 Figure 116 Security Settings - Java Scripting ....................................................................................... 213 Figure 117 Security Settings - Java ...................................................................................................... 213 Figure 118 Java (Sun) .......................................................................................................................... 214 Figure 119 Mozilla Firefox: Tools > Options .......................................................................................... 215 Figure 120 Mozilla Firefox Content Security ......................................................................................... 215 Figure 121 Peer-to-Peer Communication in an Ad-hoc Network ......................................................... 217 Figure 122 Basic Service Set ............................................................................................................... 218 Figure 123 Infrastructure WLAN ........................................................................................................... 219 Figure 124 RTS/CTS ............................................................................................................................ 220 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 21 List of Figures Figure 125 WPA(2) with RADIUS Application Example ....................................................................... 227 Figure 126 WPA(2)-PSK Authentication ............................................................................................... 228 22 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide List of Tables List of Tables Table 1 Common Icons ............................................................................................................................ 5 Table 2 Front Panel LEDs ...................................................................................................................... 30 Table 3 Web Configurator Screens Summary ....................................................................................... 35 Table 4 Password .................................................................................................................................. 37 Table 5 Internet Access Wizard Setup: ISP Parameters ....................................................................... 42 Table 6 Internet Connection with PPPoE ............................................................................................... 43 Table 7 Internet Connection with RFC 1483 .......................................................................................... 44 Table 8 Internet Connection with ENET ENCAP ................................................................................... 44 Table 9 Internet Connection with PPPoA ............................................................................................... 45 Table 10 Internet Access Wizard Setup: LAN Configuration ................................................................. 47 Table 11 MBM Wizard: Media Bandwidth Management ........................................................................ 50 Table 12 MBM Wizard: Media Bandwidth Management ........................................................................ 51 Table 13 LAN Setup ............................................................................................................................... 61 Table 14 LAN Setup ............................................................................................................................... 63 Table 15 Types of Encryption for Each Type of Authentication ............................................................. 67 Table 16 Additional Wireless Terms ....................................................................................................... 68 Table 17 Wireless LAN .......................................................................................................................... 69 Table 18 Network > Wireless LAN > General ........................................................................................ 70 Table 19 Wireless No Security ............................................................................................................... 72 Table 20 Wireless LAN .......................................................................................................................... 73 Table 21 Network > Wireless LAN > General: WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK .................................................. 74 Table 22 Network > Wireless LAN > General: WPA/WPA2 ................................................................... 76 Table 23 MAC Filter ............................................................................................................................... 78 Table 24 Advanced Setup > Wireless LAN > WDS ............................................................................... 80 Table 25 WAN ........................................................................................................................................ 86 Table 26 WAN Setup ............................................................................................................................. 88 Table 27 WAN Backup ........................................................................................................................... 91 Table 28 NAT Definitions ....................................................................................................................... 93 Table 29 NAT Mapping Types ................................................................................................................ 96 Table 30 Services and Port Numbers .................................................................................................... 97 Table 31 NAT Mode ............................................................................................................................... 98 Table 32 Edit SUA/NAT Server Set ....................................................................................................... 99 Table 33 Address Mapping Rules ........................................................................................................ 100 Table 34 Edit Address Mapping Rule .................................................................................................. 102 Table 35 Dynamic DNS ....................................................................................................................... 104 Table 36 Time and Date ....................................................................................................................... 106 Table 37 Common IP Ports ...................................................................................................................110 Table 38 ICMP Commands That Trigger Alerts ....................................................................................112 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 23 List of Tables Table 39 Legal NetBIOS Commands ....................................................................................................112 Table 40 Legal SMTP Commands .......................................................................................................112 Table 41 Firewall > Firewall Functions ................................................................................................. 122 Table 42 Firewall: Default Policy .......................................................................................................... 123 Table 43 Rule Summary ...................................................................................................................... 124 Table 44 Firewall: Edit Rule ................................................................................................................. 127 Table 45 Customized Services ............................................................................................................ 128 Table 46 Firewall: Configure Customized Services ............................................................................. 129 Table 47 Firewall: Anti Probing ............................................................................................................ 134 Table 48 Firewall: Threshold ................................................................................................................ 137 Table 49 Content Filter > Functions ..................................................................................................... 139 Table 50 Content Filter: Keyword ........................................................................................................ 140 Table 51 Content Filter: Schedule ....................................................................................................... 141 Table 52 Content Filter: Trusted .......................................................................................................... 142 Table 53 Remote Management ........................................................................................................... 145 Table 54 Configuring UPnP ................................................................................................................. 148 Table 55 Log Settings .......................................................................................................................... 160 Table 56 View Logs ............................................................................................................................. 162 Table 57 Application and Subnet-based Bandwidth Management Example ....................................... 167 Table 58 Media Bandwidth Mgnt. ........................................................................................................ 171 Table 59 Media Bandwidth Management: Summary ........................................................................... 172 Table 60 Media Bandwidth Management: Class Setup ....................................................................... 173 Table 61 Media Bandwidth Management: Class Configuration ........................................................... 174 Table 62 Services and Port Numbers .................................................................................................. 175 Table 63 Media Bandwidth Management Statistics ............................................................................. 176 Table 64 Media Bandwidth Management: Monitor .............................................................................. 177 Table 65 System Status ....................................................................................................................... 182 Table 66 System Status: Show Statistics ............................................................................................. 184 Table 67 DHCP Table .......................................................................................................................... 185 Table 68 Any IP Table .......................................................................................................................... 186 Table 69 Association List ..................................................................................................................... 187 Table 70 Diagnostic: General .............................................................................................................. 188 Table 71 Diagnostic: DSL Line ............................................................................................................ 188 Table 72 Firmware Upgrade ................................................................................................................ 189 Table 73 Filename Conventions .......................................................................................................... 191 Table 74 General Commands for GUI-based FTP Clients .................................................................. 192 Table 75 Hardware Specifications ....................................................................................................... 201 Table 76 Firmware Specifications ........................................................................................................ 202 Table 77 Standards Supported ............................................................................................................ 203 Table 78 Power Adaptor Specifications ............................................................................................... 206 Table 79 IEEE 802.11g ........................................................................................................................ 221 Table 80 Wireless Security Levels ....................................................................................................... 222 Table 81 Comparison of EAP Authentication Types ............................................................................ 225 24 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Table 82 Wireless Security Relational Matrix ...................................................................................... 228 Table 83 Commonly Used Services ..................................................................................................... 231 List of Tables P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 25 List of Tables 26 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide PART I Introduction Introducing the ZyXEL Device (29) Introducing the Web Configurator (33) 27 28 CHAPTER 1 Introducing the ZyXEL Device This chapter introduces the main applications and features of the ZyXEL Device. It also introduces the ways you can manage the ZyXEL Device. 1.1 Overview The ZyXEL Device is an ADSL2+ gateway that allows fast, secure Internet access over analog

(POTS) or digital (ISDN) telephone lines (depending on your model). The ZyXEL Device is an ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) router and modem with wireless capability. See Chapter 20 on page 201 for a complete list of features. Figure 1 High-speed Internet Access with the ZyXEL Device INTERNET Connect your computer(s) to the ZyXEL Device. The ZyXEL Device uses the phone line to provide high-speed Internet access to the computer(s). You can continue to use the phone line for regular phone calls as well. See the Quick Start Guide for instructions on making these connections. 1.2 Ways to Manage the ZyXEL Device Use any of the following methods to manage the ZyXEL Device. Web Configurator. This is recommended for everyday management of the ZyXEL Device using a (supported) web browser. See Chapter 2 on page 33. Command Line Interface. Line commands are mostly used for troubleshooting by service engineers. See the CLI Reference Guide. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 29 Chapter 1 Introducing the ZyXEL Device FTP. Use File Transfer Protocol for firmware upgrades and configuration backup/restore. See Chapter 18 on page 190. 1.3 Good Habits for Managing the ZyXEL Device Do the following things regularly to make the ZyXEL Device more secure and to manage the ZyXEL Device more effectively. Change the password. Use a password thats not easy to guess and that consists of different types of characters, such as numbers and letters. Write down the password and put it in a safe place. Back up the configuration (and make sure you know how to restore it). Restoring an earlier working configuration may be useful if the ZyXEL Device becomes unstable or even crashes. If you forget your password, you will have to reset the ZyXEL Device to its factory default settings. If you backed up an earlier configuration file, you would not have to totally re-configure the ZyXEL Device. You could simply restore your last configuration. 1.4 LEDs The following figure shows the front panel LEDs. The following table describes the LEDs. Table 2 Front Panel LEDs LED POWER STATUS On COLOR Green ETHERNET Green Blinking Off On Blinking Off DESCRIPTION The ZyXEL Device is receiving power and functioning properly. The ZyXEL Device is rebooting or performing diagnostics. The system is not ready or has malfunctioned. The ZyXEL Device has a successful 10/100 Mb Ethernet connection. The ZyXEL Device is sending/receiving data. The ZyXEL Device does not have an Ethernet connection. 30 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Chapter 1 Introducing the ZyXEL Device Table 2 Front Panel LEDs (continued) LED WLAN STATUS On COLOR Green DSL Green INTERNET Green Blinking Off Fast Blinking Slow Blinking On Off On Blinking Off DESCRIPTION The ZyXEL Device is ready, but is not sending/receiving data through the wireless LAN. The ZyXEL Device is sending/receiving data through the wireless LAN. The wireless LAN is not ready or has failed. The ZyXEL Device is trying to detect the DSL signal. The ZyXEL Device is initializing the DSL line. The DSL link is successful. The DSL link is down. The ZyXEL Device has a successful connection to the Internet. There is data traffic on the ZyXEL Devices Internet connection. The ZyXEL Device has no connection with the Internet. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 31 Chapter 1 Introducing the ZyXEL Device 32 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide CHAPTER 2 Introducing the Web Configurator This chapter describes how to access and navigate the web configurator. 2.1 Web Configurator Overview The web configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy ZyXEL Device setup and management via Internet browser. Use Internet Explorer 6.0 and later or Netscape Navigator 7.0 and later versions. The recommended screen resolution is 1024 by 768 pixels. In order to use the web configurator you need to allow:

Web browser pop-up windows from your device. Web pop-up blocking is enabled by default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2. JavaScripts (enabled by default). Java permissions (enabled by default). See the chapter on troubleshooting if you need to make sure these functions are allowed in Internet Explorer. 2.1.1 Accessing the Web Configurator Note: Even though you can connect to the ZyXEL Device wirelessly, it is recommended that you connect your computer to a LAN port for initial configuration. 1 Make sure your ZyXEL Device hardware is properly connected (refer to the Quick Start Guide). 2 Prepare your computer/computer network to connect to the ZyXEL Device (refer to the Quick Start Guide). 3 Launch your web browser. 4 Type 192.168.1.1 as the URL. 5 A window displays as shown.The Password field already contains the default password 1234. Click Login to proceed to a screen asking you to change your password or click Cancel to revert to the default password. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 33 Chapter 2 Introducing the Web Configurator Figure 2 Password Screen 6 It is highly recommended you change the default password! Enter a new password between 1 and 30 characters, retype it to confirm and click Apply; alternatively click Ignore to proceed to the main menu if you do not want to change the password now. Note: If you do not change the password at least once, the following screen appears every time you log in. Figure 3 Change Password at Login 7 You should now see the SITE MAP screen. Note: The ZyXEL Device automatically times out after five minutes of inactivity. Simply log back into the ZyXEL Device if this happens to you. 2.1.2 Resetting the ZyXEL Device If you forget your password or cannot access the web configurator, you will need to use the RESET button at the back of the ZyXEL Device to reload the factory-default configuration file. This means that you will lose all configurations that you had previously and the password will be reset to 1234. 2.1.2.1 Using the Reset Button 1 Make sure the POWER LED is on (not blinking). 2 Press the RESET button for ten seconds or until the POWER LED begins to blink and then release it. When the POWER LED begins to blink, the defaults have been restored and the ZyXEL Device restarts. 2.1.3 Navigating the Web Configurator The following summarizes how to navigate the web configurator from the SITE MAP screen. 34 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Chapter 2 Introducing the Web Configurator Click Wizard Setup to begin a series of screens to configure your ZyXEL Device for the first time. Click a link under Advanced Setup to configure advanced ZyXEL Device features. Click a link under Maintenance to see ZyXEL Device performance statistics, upload firmware and back up, restore or upload a configuration file. Click Site Map to go to the Site Map screen. Click Logout in the navigation panel when you have finished a ZyXEL Device management session. Figure 4 Web Configurator: Site Map Screen Note: Click the icon (located in the top right corner of most screens) to view embedded help. Table 3 Web Configurator Screens Summary LINK Wizard Setup FUNCTION SUB-LINK Connection Setup Use these screens for initial configuration including general setup, ISP parameters for Internet Access and WAN IP/DNS Server/MAC address assignment. Use these screens to limit bandwidth usage by application. Media Bandwidth Mgnt Advanced Setup Password LAN Wireless LAN LAN Setup Static DHCP Wireless MAC Filter WAN WAN Setup WAN Backup NAT Dynamic DNS Time and Date Use this screen to change your password. Use this screen to configure LAN settings. Use this screen to configure static DHCP settings on your LAN. Use this screen to configure the wireless LAN settings. Use this screen to change MAC filter settings on the ZyXEL Device. Use this screen to change the ZyXEL Devices WAN remote node settings. Use this screen to configure your traffic redirect properties and WAN backup settings. Use this screen to configure the NAT mode. Use this screen to set up dynamic DNS. Use this screen to change your ZyXEL Devices time and date. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 35 Chapter 2 Introducing the Web Configurator Table 3 Web Configurator Screens Summary (continued) LINK Firewall Content Filter Remote Management UPnP Logs SUB-LINK Default Policy Rule Summary Anti Probing Threshold Keyword Schedule Trusted Log Settings View Log Media Bandwidth Management Summary Class Setup Monitor Maintenance System Status DHCP Table Any IP Table Wireless LAN Association List Diagnostic General DSL Line Firmware LOGOUT FUNCTION Use this screen to activate/deactivate the firewall and the direction of network traffic to which to apply the rule. This screen shows a summary of the firewall rules, and allows you to edit/add a firewall rule. Use this screen to change your anti-probing settings. Use this screen to configure the threshold for DoS attacks. Use this screen to block sites containing certain keywords in the URL. Use this screen to set the days and times for the ZyXEL Device to perform content filtering. Use this screen to exclude a range of users on the LAN from content filtering on your ZyXEL Device. Use this screen to configure through which interface(s) and from which IP address(es) users can use Telnet/FTP/Web to manage the ZyXEL Device. Use this screen to enable UPnP on the ZyXEL Device. Use this screen to change your ZyXEL Devices log settings. Use this screen to view the logs for the categories that you selected. Use this screen to assign bandwidth limits to specific types of traffic. Use this screen to define a bandwidth class. Use this screen to view bandwidth class statistics. This screen contains administrative and system-related information. This screen displays DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) related information and is READ-ONLY. Use this screen to view the IP and MAC addresses of LAN computers communicating with the ZyXEL Device. This screen displays the MAC address(es) of the wireless stations that are currently associating with the ZyXEL Device. These screens display information to help you identify problems with the ZyXEL Device general connection. These screens display information to help you identify problems with the DSL line. Use this screen to upload firmware to your ZyXEL Device Click Logout to exit the web configurator. 36 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Chapter 2 Introducing the Web Configurator 2.2 Change Login Password It is highly recommended that you periodically change the password for accessing the ZyXEL Device. If you didnt change the default one after you logged in or you want to change to a new password again, then click Password in the Site Map screen to display the screen as shown next. Figure 5 Password The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 4 Password LABEL Old Password DESCRIPTION Type the default password or the existing password you use to access the system in this field. Type the new password in this field. New Password Retype to Confirm Type the new password again in this field. Apply Cancel Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device. Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 37 Chapter 2 Introducing the Web Configurator 38 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide PART II Setup Wizard Connection Setup Wizard (41) Media Bandwidth Management Wizard (49) 39 40 CHAPTER 3 Connection Setup Wizard The Connection Wizard assists you in setting up Internet access. This chapter provides information on the Connection Wizard screens in the web configurator. 3.1 Introduction Use the Connection Wizard screens to configure your system for Internet access with the information given to you by your ISP (Internet Service Provider). Note: See the advanced menu chapters for background information on these fields. 3.1.1 Internet Access Wizard Setup 1 In the SITE MAP screen click Connection Setup to display the first wizard screen. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 41 Chapter 3 Connection Setup Wizard Figure 6 Internet Access Wizard Setup: ISP Parameters The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 5 Internet Access Wizard Setup: ISP Parameters LABEL Mode Encapsulation Multiplex Virtual Circuit ID VPI VCI Next DESCRIPTION From the Mode drop-down list box, select Routing (default) if your ISP allows multiple computers to share an Internet account. Otherwise select Bridge. Select the encapsulation type your ISP uses from the Encapsulation drop-down list box. Choices vary depending on what you select in the Mode field. If you select Bridge in the Mode field, select either PPPoA or RFC 1483. If you select Routing in the Mode field, select PPPoA, RFC 1483, ENET ENCAP or PPPoE. Select the multiplexing method used by your ISP from the Multiplex drop-down list box either VC-based or LLC-based. VPI (Virtual Path Identifier) and VCI (Virtual Channel Identifier) define a virtual circuit. Refer to the appendix for more information. Enter the VPI assigned to you. This field may already be configured. Enter the VCI assigned to you. This field may already be configured. Click this button to go to the next wizard screen. The next wizard screen you see depends on what protocol you chose above. Click on the protocol link to see the next wizard screen for that protocol. 2 The next wizard screen varies depending on what mode and encapsulation type you use. All screens shown are with routing mode. Configure the fields and click Next to continue. 42 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Figure 7 Internet Connection with PPPoE Chapter 3 Connection Setup Wizard The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 6 Internet Connection with PPPoE DESCRIPTION LABEL Service Name Type the name of your PPPoE service here. User Name Enter the user name exactly as your ISP assigned. If assigned a name in the form user@domain where domain identifies a service name, then enter both components exactly as given. Enter the password associated with the user name above. A static IP address is a fixed IP that your ISP gives you. A dynamic IP address is not fixed; the ISP assigns you a different one each time you connect to the Internet. Select Obtain an IP Address Automatically if you have a dynamic IP address;

otherwise select Static IP Address and type your ISP assigned IP address in the text box below. Select Connect on Demand when you don't want the connection up all the time and specify an idle time-out (in seconds) in the Max. Idle Timeout field. The default setting selects Connection on Demand with 0 as the idle time-out, which means the Internet session will not timeout. Select Nailed-Up Connection when you want your connection up all the time. The ZyXEL Device will try to bring up the connection automatically if it is disconnected. Select None, SUA Only or Full Feature from the drop-down list box. Refer to the NAT chapter for more details. Click Back to go back to the first wizard screen. Click Next to continue to the next wizard screen. Password IP Address Connection Network Address Translation Back Next P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 43 Chapter 3 Connection Setup Wizard Figure 8 Internet Connection with RFC 1483 The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 7 Internet Connection with RFC 1483 LABEL IP Address Network Address Translation Back Next DESCRIPTION This field is available if you select Routing in the Mode field. Type your ISP assigned IP address in this field. Select None, SUA Only or Full Feature from the drop-down list box. Refer to the NAT chapter for more details. Click Back to go back to the first wizard screen. Click Next to continue to the next wizard screen. Figure 9 Internet Connection with ENET ENCAP The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 8 Internet Connection with ENET ENCAP LABEL IP Address DESCRIPTION A static IP address is a fixed IP that your ISP gives you. A dynamic IP address is not fixed; the ISP assigns you a different one each time you connect to the Internet. Select Obtain an IP Address Automatically if you have a dynamic IP address;

otherwise select Static IP Address and type your ISP assigned IP address in the IP Address text box below. Subnet Mask Enter a subnet mask in dotted decimal notation. Refer to the appendices to calculate a subnet mask If you are implementing subnetting. 44 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Chapter 3 Connection Setup Wizard Table 8 Internet Connection with ENET ENCAP (continued) LABEL ENET ENCAP Gateway Network Address Translation Back Next DESCRIPTION You must specify a gateway IP address (supplied by your ISP) when you use ENET ENCAP in the Encapsulation field in the previous screen. Select None, SUA Only or Full Feature from the drop-sown list box. Refer to the NAT chapter for more details. Click Back to go back to the first wizard screen. Click Next to continue to the next wizard screen. Figure 10 Internet Connection with PPPoA The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 9 Internet Connection with PPPoA LABEL User Name Password IP Address Connection DESCRIPTION Enter the login name that your ISP gives you. Enter the password associated with the user name above. This option is available if you select Routing in the Mode field. A static IP address is a fixed IP that your ISP gives you. A dynamic IP address is not fixed; the ISP assigns you a different one each time you connect to the Internet. Click Obtain an IP Address Automatically if you have a dynamic IP address;

otherwise click Static IP Address and type your ISP assigned IP address in the IP Address text box below. Select Connect on Demand when you don't want the connection up all the time and specify an idle time-out (in seconds) in the Max. Idle Timeout field. The default setting selects Connection on Demand with 0 as the idle time-out, which means the Internet session will not timeout. Select Nailed-Up Connection when you want your connection up all the time. The ZyXEL Device will try to bring up the connection automatically if it is disconnected. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 45 Chapter 3 Connection Setup Wizard Table 9 Internet Connection with PPPoA (continued) LABEL Network Address Translation Back Next DESCRIPTION This option is available if you select Routing in the Mode field. Select None, SUA Only or Full Feature from the drop-sown list box. Refer to the NAT chapter for more details. Click Back to go back to the first wizard screen. Click Next to continue to the next wizard screen. 3 Verify the settings in the screen shown next. To change the LAN information on the ZyXEL Device, click Change LAN Configurations. Otherwise click Save Settings to save the configuration and skip to the section 3.13. Figure 11 Internet Access Wizard Setup: Third Screen If you want to change your ZyXEL Device LAN settings, click Change LAN Configuration to display the screen as shown next. Figure 12 Internet Access Wizard Setup: LAN Configuration 46 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Chapter 3 Connection Setup Wizard The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 10 Internet Access Wizard Setup: LAN Configuration LABEL LAN IP Address LAN Subnet Mask DHCP DHCP Server Client IP Pool Starting Address Size of Client IP Pool Primary DNS Server DESCRIPTION Enter the IP address of your ZyXEL Device in dotted decimal notation, for example, 192.168.1.1 (factory default). If you changed the ZyXEL Device's LAN IP address, you must use the new IP address if you want to access the web configurator again. Enter a subnet mask in dotted decimal notation. From the DHCP Server drop-down list box, select On to allow your ZyXEL Device to assign IP addresses, an IP default gateway and DNS servers to computer systems that support the DHCP client. Select Off to disable DHCP server. When DHCP server is used, set the following items:

This field specifies the first of the contiguous addresses in the IP address pool. This field specifies the size or count of the IP address pool. Enter the IP addresses of the DNS servers. The DNS servers are passed to the DHCP clients along with the IP address and the subnet mask. Secondary DNS Server As above. Back Finish Click Back to go back to the previous screen. Click Finish to save the settings and proceed to the next wizard screen. 4 The ZyXEL Device automatically tests the connection to the computer(s) connected to the LAN ports. To test the connection from the ZyXEL Device to the ISP, click Start Diagnose. Otherwise click Return to Main Menu to go back to the Site Map screen. Figure 13 Internet Access Wizard Setup: Connection Tests Launch your web browser and navigate to www.zyxel.com. Refer to the rest of this guide for more detailed information on the complete range of ZyXEL Device features. If you cannot access the Internet, open the web configurator again to confirm that the Internet settings you configured in the Wizard Setup are correct. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 47 Chapter 3 Connection Setup Wizard 48 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 4 CHAPTER Media Bandwidth Management Wizard 4.1 Introduction Bandwidth management allows you to allocate priority to different kinds of traffic on your network to ensure the smoother flow of network traffic. For example, you can allocate a high priority to XBox Live traffic. Use the Media Bandwidth Management (MBM) Wizard screens to configure bandwidth management on your ZyXEL Device.

See Chapter 17 on page 165 for background information on Media Bandwidth Management. 4.1.1 Media Bandwidth Management Wizard 1 In the SITE MAP screen click Media Bandwidth Management Wizard to display the first wizard screen. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 49 Chapter 4 Media Bandwidth Management Wizard Figure 14 MBM Wizard: Media Bandwidth Management The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 11 MBM Wizard: Media Bandwidth Management LABEL Active Select the service to apply bandwidth management Next DESCRIPTION Select Active to enable the Media Bandwidth Management feature on your ZyXEL Device. Select the traffic type(s) to which you want to allocate priority. You can select the following:

XBox Live - a game playing device used for gaming on the Internet, as well as playing media files such as videos. VoIP (SIP) - Voice over IP, this allows you to make calls over the Internet using a SIP server. FTP - File Transfer Protocol, a service used for downloading files. E-Mail - the email application used on your computer, rather than web-based email. eMule - a file-sharing application WWW - the World Wide Web If you do not use a service, it is not necessary to set a priority for that service. Click Next to continue with the Wizard. 2 Configure levels of priority for the services you have selected in the next screen. 50 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Chapter 4 Media Bandwidth Management Wizard Figure 15 MBM Wizard: Media Bandwidth Management The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 12 MBM Wizard: Media Bandwidth Management LABEL Service Priority Back Finish DESCRIPTION This field lists the services selected in the previous screen Select a priority level for each service you have specified in the previous screen. The options are High, Mid, Low and Others. Give voice and video applications a high priority, as quality is affected by transmission delays. VoIP is a voice service and XBox Live is a video service, so they should receive a high priority. Give Internet browsing a medium level priority as quality is not noticeably affected by brief delays. Give data transfer services such as eMule, FTP or E-Mail a low priority as quality is not affected by delays in transmission. Select Others for applications to which you do not want to apply QoS. Click Back to return to the previous screen. Click Finish to save your settings and return to the main menu. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 51 Chapter 4 Media Bandwidth Management Wizard 52 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide PART III Advanced Setup LAN Setup (55) Wireless LAN (65) WAN Setup (81) Network Address Translation (NAT) Screens (93) Dynamic DNS Setup (103) Time and Date (105) Firewalls (107) Firewall Configuration (119) Content Filtering (139) Remote Management Configuration (143) Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) (147) Logs Screens (159) Media Bandwidth Management Advanced Setup (165) 53 54 CHAPTER 5 LAN Setup This chapter describes how to configure LAN settings. 5.1 LAN Overview A Local Area Network (LAN) is a shared communication system to which many computers are attached. A LAN is a computer network limited to the immediate area, usually the same building or floor of a building. The LAN screens can help you configure a LAN DHCP server and manage IP addresses. See Section 5.3 on page 60 to configure the LAN screens. 5.1.1 LANs, WANs and the ZyXEL Device The actual physical connection determines whether the ZyXEL Device ports are LAN or WAN ports. There are two separate IP networks, one inside the LAN network and the other outside the WAN network as shown next. Figure 16 LAN and WAN IP Addresses P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 55 Chapter 5 LAN Setup 5.1.2 DHCP Setup DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual clients to obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can configure the ZyXEL Device as a DHCP server or disable it. When configured as a server, the ZyXEL Device provides the TCP/IP configuration for the clients. If you turn DHCP service off, you must have another DHCP server on your LAN, or else the computer must be manually configured. 5.1.2.1 IP Pool Setup The ZyXEL Device is pre-configured with a pool of IP addresses for the DHCP clients (DHCP Pool). See the product specifications in the appendices. Do not assign static IP addresses from the DHCP pool to your LAN computers. 5.1.3 DNS Server Address DNS (Domain Name System) is for mapping a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice versa. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must know the IP address of a machine before you can access it. The DNS server addresses that you enter in the DHCP setup are passed to the client machines along with the assigned IP address and subnet mask. There are two ways that an ISP disseminates the DNS server addresses. The first is for an ISP to tell a customer the DNS server addresses, usually in the form of an information sheet, when s/he signs up. If your ISP gives you the DNS server addresses, enter them in the DNS Server fields in DHCP Setup, otherwise, leave them blank. Some ISPs choose to pass the DNS servers using the DNS server extensions of PPP IPCP (IP Control Protocol) after the connection is up. If your ISP did not give you explicit DNS servers, chances are the DNS servers are conveyed through IPCP negotiation. The ZyXEL Device supports the IPCP DNS server extensions through the DNS proxy feature. If the Primary and Secondary DNS Server fields in the LAN Setup screen are not specified, for instance, left as 0.0.0.0, the ZyXEL Device tells the DHCP clients that it itself is the DNS server. When a computer sends a DNS query to the ZyXEL Device, the ZyXEL Device forwards the query to the real DNS server learned through IPCP and relays the response back to the computer. Please note that DNS proxy works only when the ISP uses the IPCP DNS server extensions. It does not mean you can leave the DNS servers out of the DHCP setup under all circumstances. If your ISP gives you explicit DNS servers, make sure that you enter their IP addresses in the LAN Setup screen. This way, the ZyXEL Device can pass the DNS servers to the computers and the computers can query the DNS server directly without the ZyXEL Devices intervention. 5.1.4 DNS Server Address Assignment Use DNS (Domain Name System) to map a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice versa. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must know the IP address of a computer before you can access it. There are two ways that an ISP disseminates the DNS server addresses. 56 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Chapter 5 LAN Setup The ISP tells you the DNS server addresses, usually in the form of an information sheet, when you sign up. If your ISP gives you DNS server addresses, enter them in the DNS Server fields in the LAN Setup screen. The ZyXEL Device acts as a DNS proxy when the Primary and Secondary DNS Server fields are left blank in the LAN Setup screen. 5.2 LAN TCP/IP The ZyXEL Device has built-in DHCP server capability that assigns IP addresses and DNS servers to systems that support DHCP client capability. 5.2.1 IP Address and Subnet Mask Similar to the way houses on a street share a common street name, so too do computers on a LAN share one common network number. Where you obtain your network number depends on your particular situation. If the ISP or your network administrator assigns you a block of registered IP addresses, follow their instructions in selecting the IP addresses and the subnet mask. If the ISP did not explicitly give you an IP network number, then most likely you have a single user account and the ISP will assign you a dynamic IP address when the connection is established. If this is the case, it is recommended that you select a network number from 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.0 and you must enable the Network Address Translation (NAT) feature of the ZyXEL Device. The Internet Assigned Number Authority (IANA) reserved this block of addresses specifically for private use; please do not use any other number unless you are told otherwise. Let's say you select 192.168.1.0 as the network number; which covers 254 individual addresses, from 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.254 (zero and 255 are reserved). In other words, the first three numbers specify the network number while the last number identifies an individual computer on that network. Once you have decided on the network number, pick an IP address that is easy to remember, for instance, 192.168.1.1, for your ZyXEL Device, but make sure that no other device on your network is using that IP address. The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your ZyXEL Device will compute the subnet mask automatically based on the IP address that you entered. You don't need to change the subnet mask computed by the ZyXEL Device unless you are instructed to do otherwise. 5.2.1.1 Private IP Addresses Every machine on the Internet must have a unique address. If your networks are isolated from the Internet, for example, only between your two branch offices, you can assign any IP addresses to the hosts without problems. However, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority

(IANA) has reserved the following three blocks of IP addresses specifically for private networks:

10.0.0.0 10.255.255.255 172.16.0.0 172.31.255.255 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 57 Chapter 5 LAN Setup You can obtain your IP address from the IANA, from an ISP or it can be assigned from a private network. If you belong to a small organization and your Internet access is through an ISP, the ISP can provide you with the Internet addresses for your local networks. On the other hand, if you are part of a much larger organization, you should consult your network administrator for the appropriate IP addresses.

Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an arbitrary IP address;

always follow the guidelines above. For more information on address assignment, please refer to RFC 1597, Address Allocation for Private Internets and RFC 1466, Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space. 5.2.2 RIP Setup RIP (Routing Information Protocol) allows a router to exchange routing information with other routers. The RIP Direction field controls the sending and receiving of RIP packets. When set to:

Both - the ZyXEL Device will broadcast its routing table periodically and incorporate the RIP information that it receives. In Only - the ZyXEL Device will not send any RIP packets but will accept all RIP packets Out Only - the ZyXEL Device will send out RIP packets but will not accept any RIP None - the ZyXEL Device will not send any RIP packets and will ignore any RIP packets received. packets received. received. The Version field controls the format and the broadcasting method of the RIP packets that the ZyXEL Device sends (it recognizes both formats when receiving). RIP-1 is universally supported; but RIP-2 carries more information. RIP-1 is probably adequate for most networks, unless you have an unusual network topology. Both RIP-2B and RIP-2M sends the routing data in RIP-2 format; the difference being that RIP-2B uses subnet broadcasting while RIP-2M uses multicasting. 5.2.3 Multicast Traditionally, IP packets are transmitted in one of either two ways - Unicast (1 sender - 1 recipient) or Broadcast (1 sender - everybody on the network). Multicast delivers IP packets to a group of hosts on the network - not everybody and not just 1. IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership in a Multicast group - it is not used to carry user data. IGMP version 2 (RFC 2236) is an improvement over version 1 (RFC 1112) but IGMP version 1 is still in wide use. If you would like to read more detailed information about interoperability between IGMP version 2 and version 1, please see sections 4 and 5 of RFC 2236. The class D IP address is used to identify host groups and can be in the range 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. The address 58 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Chapter 5 LAN Setup 224.0.0.0 is not assigned to any group and is used by IP multicast computers. The address 224.0.0.1 is used for query messages and is assigned to the permanent group of all IP hosts

(including gateways). All hosts must join the 224.0.0.1 group in order to participate in IGMP. The address 224.0.0.2 is assigned to the multicast routers group. The ZyXEL Device supports both IGMP version 1 (IGMP-v1) and IGMP version 2 (IGMP-

v2). At start up, the ZyXEL Device queries all directly connected networks to gather group membership. After that, the ZyXEL Device periodically updates this information. IP multicasting can be enabled/disabled on the ZyXEL Device LAN and/or WAN interfaces in the web configurator (LAN; WAN). Select None to disable IP multicasting on these interfaces. 5.2.4 Any IP Traditionally, you must set the IP addresses and the subnet masks of a computer and the ZyXEL Device to be in the same subnet to allow the computer to access the Internet (through the ZyXEL Device). In cases where your computer is required to use a static IP address in another network, you may need to manually configure the network settings of the computer every time you want to access the Internet via the ZyXEL Device. With the Any IP feature and NAT enabled, the ZyXEL Device allows a computer to access the Internet without changing the network settings (such as IP address and subnet mask) of the computer, when the IP addresses of the computer and the ZyXEL Device are not in the same subnet. Whether a computer is set to use a dynamic or static (fixed) IP address, you can simply connect the computer to the ZyXEL Device and access the Internet. The following figure depicts a scenario where a computer is set to use a static private IP address in the corporate environment. In a residential house where a ZyXEL Device is installed, you can still use the computer to access the Internet without changing the network settings, even when the IP addresses of the computer and the ZyXEL Device are not in the same subnet. Figure 17 Any IP Example The Any IP feature does not apply to a computer using either a dynamic IP address or a static IP address that is in the same subnet as the ZyXEL Devices IP address. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 59 Chapter 5 LAN Setup

You must enable NAT/SUA to use the Any IP feature on the ZyXEL Device. 5.2.4.1 How Any IP Works Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a protocol for mapping an Internet Protocol address (IP address) to a physical machine address, also known as a Media Access Control or MAC address, on the local area network. IP routing table is defined on IP Ethernet devices (the ZyXEL Device) to decide which hop to use, to help forward data along to its specified destination. The following lists out the steps taken, when a computer tries to access the Internet for the first time through the ZyXEL Device. 1 When a computer (which is in a different subnet) first attempts to access the Internet, it sends packets to its default gateway (which is not the ZyXEL Device) by looking at the MAC address in its ARP table. 2 When the computer cannot locate the default gateway, an ARP request is broadcast on the LAN. MAC address. 3 The ZyXEL Device receives the ARP request and replies to the computer with its own 4 The computer updates the MAC address for the default gateway to the ARP table. Once the ARP table is updated, the computer is able to access the Internet through the ZyXEL Device. 5 When the ZyXEL Device receives packets from the computer, it creates an entry in the IP routing table so it can properly forward packets intended for the computer. After all the routing information is updated, the computer can access the ZyXEL Device and the Internet as if it is in the same subnet as the ZyXEL Device. 5.3 Configuring LAN Click LAN > LAN Setup to open the LAN Setup screen. See Section 5.1 on page 55 for background information. 60 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Figure 18 LAN Setup Chapter 5 LAN Setup The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 13 LAN Setup LABEL DHCP DHCP DESCRIPTION If set to Server, your ZyXEL Device can assign IP addresses, an IP default gateway and DNS servers to Windows 95, Windows NT and other systems that support the DHCP client. If set to None, the DHCP server will be disabled. If set to Relay, the ZyXEL Device acts as a surrogate DHCP server and relays DHCP requests and responses between the remote server and the clients. Enter the IP address of the actual, remote DHCP server in the Remote DHCP Server field in this case. When DHCP is used, the following items need to be set:

This field specifies the first of the contiguous addresses in the IP address pool. This field specifies the size or count of the IP address pool. Enter the IP addresses of the DNS servers. The DNS servers are passed to the DHCP clients along with the IP address and the subnet mask. As above. If Relay is selected in the DHCP field above then enter the IP address of the actual remote DHCP server here. Client IP Pool Starting Address Size of Client IP Pool Primary DNS Server Secondary DNS Server Remote DHCP Server TCP/IP P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 61 Chapter 5 LAN Setup IP Subnet Mask RIP Direction RIP Version Multicast Table 13 LAN Setup (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Enter the IP address of your ZyXEL Device in dotted decimal notation, for IP Address example, 192.168.1.1 (factory default). Type the subnet mask assigned to you by your ISP (if given). Select the RIP direction from None, Both, In Only and Out Only. Select the RIP version from RIP-1, RIP-2B and RIP-2M. IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership in a multicast group. The ZyXEL Device supports both IGMP version 1 (IGMP-v1) and IGMP-v2. Select None to disable it. Select the Active check box to enable the Any IP feature. This allows a computer to access the Internet without changing the network settings (such as IP address and subnet mask) of the computer, even when the IP addresses of the computer and the ZyXEL Device are not in the same subnet. When you disable the Any IP feature, only computers with dynamic IP addresses or static IP addresses in the same subnet as the ZyXEL Devices LAN IP address can connect to the ZyXEL Device or access the Internet through the ZyXEL Device. Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device. Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh. Apply Cancel Any IP Setup 5.4 Configuring Static DHCP Click LAN > Static DHCP to open the Static DHCP screen. See Section 5.1.2 on page 56 for background information. Figure 19 LAN > Static DHCP 62 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Chapter 5 LAN Setup The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 14 LAN Setup LABEL

MAC Address DESCRIPTION This is the index number for the entries in this table. Type the MAC address of the device for which you are configuring the IP address. Use hexadecimal characters in the following format:

0A:A0:00:BB:CC:DD Type the IP address for the device you are configuring in dotted decimal notation, for example, 150.222.0.1. Click Back to return to the previous screen. Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device. Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh. IP Address Back Apply Cancel P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 63 Chapter 5 LAN Setup 64 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide CHAPTER 6 Wireless LAN This chapter discusses how to configure the wireless network settings in your ZyXEL Device. See the appendices for more detailed information about wireless networks. 6.1 Wireless Network Overview The following figure provides an example of a wireless network. Figure 20 Example of a Wireless Network The wireless network is the part in the blue circle. In this wireless network, devices A and B are called wireless clients.The wireless clients use the access point (AP) to interact with other devices (such as the printer) or with the Internet. Your ZyXEL Device is the AP. Every wireless network must follow these basic guidelines. Every wireless client in the same wireless network must use the same SSID. The SSID is the name of the wireless network. It stands for Service Set IDentity. If two wireless networks overlap, they should use different channels. Like radio stations or television channels, each wireless network uses a specific channel, or frequency, to send and receive information. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 65 Chapter 6 Wireless LAN Every wireless client in the same wireless network must use security compatible with the AP. Security stops unauthorized devices from using the wireless network. It can also protect the information that is sent in the wireless network. 6.2 Wireless Security Overview The following sections introduce different types of wireless security you can set up in the wireless network. 6.2.1 SSID Normally, the AP acts like a beacon and regularly broadcasts the SSID in the area. You can hide the SSID instead, in which case the AP does not broadcast the SSID. In addition, you should change the default SSID to something that is difficult to guess. This type of security is fairly weak, however, because there are ways for unauthorized devices to get the SSID. In addition, unauthorized devices can still see the information that is sent in the wireless network. 6.2.2 MAC Address Filter Every wireless client has a unique identification number, called a MAC address.1 A MAC address is usually written using twelve hexadecimal characters2; for example, 00A0C5000002 or 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. To get the MAC address for each wireless client, see the appropriate Users Guide or other documentation. You can use the MAC address filter to tell the AP which wireless clients are allowed or not allowed to use the wireless network. If a wireless client is allowed to use the wireless network, it still has to have the correct settings (SSID, channel, and security). If a wireless client is not allowed to use the wireless network, it does not matter if it has the correct settings. This type of security does not protect the information that is sent in the wireless network. Furthermore, there are ways for unauthorized devices to get the MAC address of an authorized wireless client. Then, they can use that MAC address to use the wireless network. 6.2.3 User Authentication You can make every user log in to the wireless network before they can use it. This is called user authentication. However, every wireless client in the wireless network has to support IEEE 802.1x to do this. For wireless networks, there are two typical places to store the user names and passwords for each user. In the AP: this feature is called a local user database or a local database. In a RADIUS server: this is a server used in businesses more than in homes. 1. Some wireless devices, such as scanners, can detect wireless networks but cannot use wireless networks. These kinds of wireless devices might not have MAC addresses. 2. Hexadecimal characters are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, and F. 66 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Chapter 6 Wireless LAN If your AP does not provide a local user database and if you do not have a RADIUS server, you cannot set up user names and passwords for your users. Unauthorized devices can still see the information that is sent in the wireless network, even if they cannot use the wireless network. Furthermore, there are ways for unauthorized wireless users to get a valid user name and password. Then, they can use that user name and password to use the wireless network. Local user databases also have an additional limitation that is explained in the next section. 6.2.4 Encryption Wireless networks can use encryption to protect the information that is sent in the wireless network. Encryption is like a secret code. If you do not know the secret code, you cannot understand the message. The types of encryption you can choose depend on the type of user authentication. (See Section 6.2.3 on page 66 for information about this.) Table 15 Types of Encryption for Each Type of Authentication Weakest NO AUTHENTICATION No Security Static WEP WPA-PSK Strongest WPA2-PSK RADIUS SERVER WPA WPA2 For example, if the wireless network has a RADIUS server, you can choose WPA or WPA2. If users do not have to log in with a user name and password in order to access the wireless network, you can choose no encryption, Static WEP, WPA-PSK, or WPA2-PSK. Usually, you should set up the strongest encryption that every wireless client in the wireless network supports. For example, suppose the AP does not have a local user database, and you do not have a RADIUS server. Therefore, there is no user authentication. Suppose the wireless network has two wireless clients. Device A only supports WEP, and device B supports WEP and WPA. Therefore, you should set up Static WEP in the wireless network.

It is recommended that wireless networks use WPA-PSK, WPA, or stronger encryption. IEEE 802.1x and WEP encryption are better than none at all, but it is still possible for unauthorized devices to figure out the original information pretty quickly.

It is not possible to use WPA-PSK, WPA or stronger encryption with a local user database. In this case, it is better to set up stronger encryption with no authentication than to set up weaker encryption with the local user database. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 67 Chapter 6 Wireless LAN When you select WPA2 or WPA2-PSK in your ZyXEL Device, you can also select an option

(WPA Compatible) to support WPA as well. In this case, if some wireless clients support WPA and some support WPA2, you should set up WPA2-PSK or WPA2 (depending on the type of wireless network login) and select the WPA Compatible option in the ZyXEL Device. Many types of encryption use a key to protect the information in the wireless network. The longer the key, the stronger the encryption. Every wireless client in the wireless network must have the same key. 6.3 Additional Wireless Terms RTS/CTS Threshold The following table describes wireless network terms and acronyms used in the ZyXEL Devices Web Configurator. Table 16 Additional Wireless Terms TERM DESCRIPTION This describes direct communication (not through the ZyXEL Device) between Intra-BSS Traffic two wireless devices within a wireless network. You might disable this kind of communication to enhance security within your wireless network. In a wireless network which covers a large area, wireless devices are sometimes not aware of each others presence. This may cause them to send information to the AP at the same time and result in information colliding and not getting through. By setting this value lower than the default value, the wireless devices must sometimes get permission to send information to the ZyXEL Device. The lower the value, the more often the devices must get permission. If this value is greater than the fragmentation threshold value (see below), then wireless devices never have to get permission to send information to the ZyXEL Device. A preamble affects the timing in your wireless network. There are two preamble modes: long and short. If a device uses a different preamble mode than the ZyXEL Device does, it cannot communicate with the ZyXEL Device. The process of verifying whether a wireless device is allowed to use the wireless network. Enable this to improve the performance of both pure IEEE 802.11g and mixed IEEE 802.11b/g networks. Maximum Frame Burst sets the maximum time that the ZyXEL Device transmits IEEE 802.11g wireless traffic only. A small fragmentation threshold is recommended for busy networks, while a larger threshold provides faster performance if the network is not very busy. If you have two or more ZyXEL Devices (or other wireless access points) on your wireless network, you can enable this option so that wireless devices can change locations without having to log in again. This is useful for devices, such as notebooks, that move around a lot. Fragmentation Threshold Roaming Max. Frame Burst Authentication Preamble 6.4 The Main Wireless LAN Screen Click Wireless LAN in the navigation panel to display the main Wireless LAN screen. 68 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Figure 21 Wireless LAN Chapter 6 Wireless LAN The following table describes the links in this screen. Table 17 Wireless LAN LINK Wireless MAC Filter DESCRIPTION Click this link to go to a screen where you can configure wireless settings. Click this link to go to a screen where you can restrict access to your wireless network by MAC address. Click this link to go to a screen where you can set up a WDS (Wireless Distribution System) connection between your APs (access points). WDS The following figure shows the relative effectiveness of these wireless security methods available on your ZyXEL Device. Figure 22 Wireless Security Methods

You must enable the same wireless security settings on the ZyXEL Device and on all wireless clients that you want to associate with it. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 69 Chapter 6 Wireless LAN

If you do not enable any wireless security on your ZyXEL Device, your network is accessible to any wireless networking device that is within range. 6.5 Configuring the Wireless Screen Click Advanced Setup > Wireless LAN to open the Wireless LAN screen. Figure 23 Network > Wireless LAN DESCRIPTION Click the check box to activate the wireless feature on your ZyXEL Device. The following table describes the general wireless LAN labels in this screen. Table 18 Network > Wireless LAN > General LABEL Enable Wireless LAN Block Traffic between WLAN and LAN ESSID Hide ESSID Channel ID The ESSID (Extended Service Set IDentity) identifies your wireless network. Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 printable characters including spaces; alphabetic characters are case-sensitive) for the wireless LAN. Select Yes to hide the ESSID from unauthorized individuals scanning for ESSIDs using a site survey tool or select No.to make it visible to wireless devices in range. The range of radio frequencies used by wireless devices is called a channel. Select a wireless channel if interference from other nearby devices is a problem. The ZyXEL Device and other wireless devices in your wireless network must use the same channel. 70 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Chapter 6 Wireless LAN Table 18 Network > Wireless LAN > General LABEL RTS/CTS Threshold DESCRIPTION The RTS (Request To Send) threshold (number of bytes) is for enabling RTS/CTS. Data with its frame size larger than this value will perform the RTS/CTS handshake. Setting this value to be larger than the maximum MSDU (MAC service data unit) size turns off RTS/CTS. Setting this value to zero turns on RTS/CTS. Select the check box to change the default value and enter a new value between 0 and 2432. This is the threshold (number of bytes) for the fragmentation boundary for directed messages. It is the maximum data fragment size that can be sent. Select the check box to change the default value and enter a value between 256 and 2432. Click Apply to save your changes. Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen. Fragmentation Threshold Apply Reset See the rest of this chapter for information on the other labels in this screen. 6.5.1 No Security Select No Security to allow wireless stations to communicate with the access points without any data encryption.

If you do not enable any wireless security on your ZyXEL Device, your network is accessible to any wireless networking device that is within range. Figure 24 Network > Wireless LAN: No Security P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 71 Chapter 6 Wireless LAN The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 19 Wireless No Security LABEL DESCRIPTION Security Mode Choose No Security from the drop-down list box. Back Apply Reset Click Back to return to the previous screen. Click Apply to save your changes. Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen. 6.5.2 WEP Encryption WEP encryption scrambles the data transmitted between the wireless stations and the access points to keep network communications private. It encrypts unicast and multicast communications in a network. Both the wireless stations and the access points must use the same WEP key. Your ZyXEL Device allows you to configure up to four 64-bit, 128-bit or 256-bit WEP keys but only one key can be enabled at any one time. In order to configure and enable WEP encryption; click Wireless LAN and Wireless to the display the Wireless screen. Figure 25 Wireless Screen 72 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Chapter 6 Wireless LAN The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 20 Wireless LAN LABEL Security Mode You wont see the following WEP-related fields if you have WPA or WPA-PSK enabled. Passphrase DESCRIPTION Select Static WEP from the drop-down list. Enter a "passphrase" (password phrase) of up to 63 case-sensitive printable characters and click Generate to have the ZyXEL Device create four different WEP keys. At the time of writing, you cannot use passphrase to generate 256-bit WEP keys. After you enter the passphrase, click Generate to have the ZyXEL Device generate a WEP key automatically. The key displays in the WEP Key field. The WEP Key is used to encrypt data. Both the ZyXEL Device and other wireless devices on your network must use the same WEP key. If you want to manually set the WEP keys, type the key in this field. The length of the key corresponds to the security strength. For 64-bit security, type 5 ASCII characters or 10 hexadecimal characters ("0-9",

"A-F"). For 128-bit security, type13 ASCII characters or 26 hexadecimal characters ("0-9",

"A-F"). Click Back to go to the main wireless LAN setup screen. Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device. Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh. Generate WEP Key Back Apply Cancel 6.5.3 WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK Click Advanced Setup > Wireless LAN to display the Wireless LAN screen. Select WPA-

PSK or WPA2-PSK from the Security Mode list. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 73 Chapter 6 Wireless LAN Figure 26 Network > Wireless LAN: WPA-PSK/

The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 21 Network > Wireless LAN > General: WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK LABEL Security Mode WPA Compatible DESCRIPTION Select WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK from the drop-down box. This check box is available only when you select WPA2-PSK or WPA2 in the Security Mode field. Select the check box to have both WPA2 and WPA wireless clients be able to communicate with the ZyXEL Device even when the ZyXEL Device is using WPA2-PSK or WPA2. The encryption mechanisms used for WPA/WPA2 and WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK are the same. The only difference between the two is that WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK uses a simple common password, instead of user-specific credentials. Type a pre-shared key from 8 to 63 case-sensitive ASCII characters (including spaces and symbols). Specify how often wireless stations have to resend usernames and passwords in order to stay connected. Enter a time interval between 10 and 9999 seconds. The default time interval is 1800 seconds (30 minutes). Note: If wireless station authentication is done using a RADIUS server, the reauthentication timer on the RADIUS server has priority. The ZyXEL Device automatically disconnects a wireless station from the wired network after a period of inactivity. The wireless station needs to enter the username and password again before access to the wired network is allowed. The default time interval is 3600 seconds (or 1 hour). Pre-Shared Key ReAuthentication Timer (in seconds) Idle Timeout 74 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Chapter 6 Wireless LAN Table 21 Network > Wireless LAN > General: WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK LABEL Group Key Update Timer DESCRIPTION The Group Key Update Timer is the rate at which the AP (if using WPA-PSK/

WPA2-PSK key management) or RADIUS server (if using WPA/WPA2 key management) sends a new group key out to all clients. The re-keying process is the WPA/WPA2 equivalent of automatically changing the WEP key for an AP and all stations in a WLAN on a periodic basis. Setting of the Group Key Update Timer is also supported in WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK mode. The default is 1800 seconds (30 minutes). Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device. Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen. Apply Reset 6.5.4 WPA/WPA2 Click Advanced Setup > Wireless LAN to display the Wireless LAN screen. Select WPA or WPA2 from the Security Mode list. Figure 27 Network > Wireless LAN > General: WPA/WPA2 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 75 Chapter 6 Wireless LAN The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 22 Network > Wireless LAN > General: WPA/WPA2 LABEL WPA Compatible DESCRIPTION This check box is available only when you select WPA2-PSK or WPA2 in the Security Mode field. Select the check box to have both WPA2 and WPA wireless clients be able to communicate with the ZyXEL Device even when the ZyXEL Device is using WPA2-PSK or WPA2. Specify how often wireless stations have to resend usernames and passwords in order to stay connected. Enter a time interval between 10 and 9999 seconds. The default time interval is 1800 seconds (30 minutes). Note: If wireless station authentication is done using a RADIUS server, the reauthentication timer on the RADIUS server has priority. The ZyXEL Device automatically disconnects a wireless station from the wired network after a period of inactivity. The wireless station needs to enter the username and password again before access to the wired network is allowed. The default time interval is 3600 seconds (or 1 hour). The Group Key Update Timer is the rate at which the AP (if using WPA-PSK/

WPA2-PSK key management) or RADIUS server (if using WPA/WPA2 key management) sends a new group key out to all clients. The re-keying process is the WPA/WPA2 equivalent of automatically changing the WEP key for an AP and all stations in a WLAN on a periodic basis. Setting of the Group Key Update Timer is also supported in WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK mode. The ZyXEL Device default is 1800 seconds (30 minutes). Enter the IP address of the external authentication server in dotted decimal notation. Enter the port number of the external authentication server. The default port number is 1812. You need not change this value unless your network administrator instructs you to do so with additional information. Enter a password (up to 31 alphanumeric characters) as the key to be shared between the external authentication server and the ZyXEL Device. The key must be the same on the external authentication server and your ZyXEL Device. The key is not sent over the network. Select Yes from the drop down list box to enable user accounting through an external authentication server. Enter the IP address of the external accounting server in dotted decimal notation. Enter the port number of the external accounting server. The default port number is 1813. You need not change this value unless your network administrator instructs you to do so with additional information. Enter a password (up to 31 alphanumeric characters) as the key to be shared between the external accounting server and the ZyXEL Device. The key must be the same on the external accounting server and your ZyXEL Device. The key is not sent over the network. Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device. Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen. ReAuthentication Timer Idle Timeout Group Key Update Timer Authentication Server IP Address Port Number Shared Secret Accounting Server Active IP Address Port Number Shared Secret Apply Reset 76 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Chapter 6 Wireless LAN

If you are configuring the ZyXEL Device from a computer connected to the wireless LAN and you change the ZyXEL Devices ESSID or security settings

(see Figure 22 on page 69), you will lose your wireless connection when you press Apply to confirm. You must then change the wireless settings of your computer to match the ZyXEL Devices new settings. 6.6 Configuring MAC Filters Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. You need to know the MAC addresses of the devices to configure this screen. To change your ZyXEL Devices MAC filter settings, click Advanced Setup >

Wireless LAN > MAC Filter to open the MAC Filter screen. The screen appears as shown.

Be careful not to list your computers MAC address and set the Action field to Deny Association when managing the ZyXEL Device via a wireless connection. This would lock you out. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 77 Chapter 6 Wireless LAN Figure 28 MAC Filter The following table describes the fields in this menu. Table 23 MAC Filter LABEL Active Action DESCRIPTION Select Yes from the drop down list box to enable MAC address filtering. Define the filter action for the list of MAC addresses in the MAC Address table. Select Deny Association to block access to the router, MAC addresses not listed will be allowed to access the ZyXEL Device. Select Allow Association to permit access to the router, MAC addresses not listed will be denied access to the ZyXEL Device. MAC Address Enter the MAC addresses in a valid MAC address format, that is, six hexadecimal character pairs, for example, 12:34:56:78:9a:bc of the wireless stations that are allowed or denied access to the ZyXEL Device in these address fields. Click Back to go to the main wireless LAN setup screen. Back 78 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Chapter 6 Wireless LAN Table 23 MAC Filter (continued) LABEL Apply Cancel DESCRIPTION Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device. Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh. 6.7 WDS Screen The WDS (Wireless Distribution System) allows you to configure the ZyXEL Device to connect to two or more APs via wireless when WDS is enabled. An AP using WDS can function as a wireless network bridge allowing you to wirelessly connect two wired network segments. Figure 29 Connecting Wireless Networks Using WDS Use this screen to set up WDS between your ZyXEL Device and another AP.

WDS security is independent of the security settings between the ZyXEL Device and any wireless clients.

At the time of writing, WDS is compatible with other ZyXEL APs only. Not all models support WDS links. Check your other APs documentation. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 79 Chapter 6 Wireless LAN Figure 30 Advanced Setup > Wireless LAN > WDS The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 24 Advanced Setup > Wireless LAN > WDS LABEL Enable WDS Security DESCRIPTION Select this to set up security on your ZyXEL Devices bridged connection with an AP. Select AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) as your security method if the APs on your network support it. Otherwise select TKIP Security (ZyAIR Series Compatible) (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol). If you de-select this option, the data sent between APs is not encrypted. Anyone can read it. This is the index number of the access point (AP) with which you are setting up a WDS connection. Select this to enable a WDS connection with this AP. Type the MAC address of the AP with which you are setting up a WDS connection in a valid MAC address format (six hexadecimal character pairs, for example 12:34:56:78:9a:bc).. Type a PSK (Pre-Shared Key) in this field between 8~63 characters long (A~Z, a~z,0~9). Click Back to return to the Wireless LAN menu screen. Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device. Click Cancel to cancel your changes.

Active Remote Bridge MAC Address PSK Back Apply Cancel 80 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide CHAPTER 7 WAN Setup This chapter describes how to configure WAN settings. 7.1 WAN Overview A WAN (Wide Area Network) is an outside connection to another network or the Internet. 7.1.1 Encapsulation Be sure to use the encapsulation method required by your ISP. The ZyXEL Device supports the following methods. 7.1.1.1 ENET ENCAP The MAC Encapsulated Routing Link Protocol (ENET ENCAP) is only implemented with the IP network protocol. IP packets are routed between the Ethernet interface and the WAN interface and then formatted so that they can be understood in a bridged environment. For instance, it encapsulates routed Ethernet frames into bridged ATM cells. ENET ENCAP requires that you specify a gateway IP address in the ENET ENCAP Gateway field in the second wizard screen. You can get this information from your ISP. 7.1.1.2 PPP over Ethernet PPPoE provides access control and billing functionality in a manner similar to dial-up services using PPP. The ZyXEL Device bridges a PPP session over Ethernet (PPP over Ethernet, RFC 2516) from your computer to an ATM PVC (Permanent Virtual Circuit) which connects to ADSL Access Concentrator where the PPP session terminates. One PVC can support any number of PPP sessions from your LAN. For more information on PPPoE, see the appendices. 7.1.1.3 PPPoA PPPoA stands for Point to Point Protocol over ATM Adaptation Layer 5 (AAL5). A PPPoA connection functions like a dial-up Internet connection. The ZyXEL Device encapsulates the PPP session based on RFC1483 and sends it through an ATM PVC (Permanent Virtual Circuit) to the Internet Service Providers (ISP) DSLAM (digital access multiplexer). Please refer to RFC 2364 for more information on PPPoA. Refer to RFC 1661 for more information on PPP. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 81 Chapter 7 WAN Setup 7.1.1.4 RFC 1483 RFC 1483 describes two methods for Multiprotocol Encapsulation over ATM Adaptation Layer 5 (AAL5). The first method allows multiplexing of multiple protocols over a single ATM virtual circuit (LLC-based multiplexing) and the second method assumes that each protocol is carried over a separate ATM virtual circuit (VC-based multiplexing). Please refer to the RFC for more detailed information. 7.1.2 Multiplexing There are two conventions to identify what protocols the virtual circuit (VC) is carrying. Be sure to use the multiplexing method required by your ISP. 7.1.2.1 VC-based Multiplexing In this case, by prior mutual agreement, each protocol is assigned to a specific virtual circuit;

for example, VC1 carries IP, etc. VC-based multiplexing may be dominant in environments where dynamic creation of large numbers of ATM VCs is fast and economical. 7.1.2.2 LLC-based Multiplexing In this case one VC carries multiple protocols with protocol identifying information being contained in each packet header. Despite the extra bandwidth and processing overhead, this method may be advantageous if it is not practical to have a separate VC for each carried protocol, for example, if charging heavily depends on the number of simultaneous VCs. 7.1.3 VPI and VCI Be sure to use the correct Virtual Path Identifier (VPI) and Virtual Channel Identifier (VCI) numbers assigned to you. The valid range for the VPI is 0 to 255 and for the VCI is 32 to 65535 (0 to 31 is reserved for local management of ATM traffic). Please see the appendix for more information. 7.1.4 IP Address Assignment A static IP is a fixed IP that your ISP gives you. A dynamic IP is not fixed; the ISP assigns you a different one each time. The Single User Account feature can be enabled or disabled if you have either a dynamic or static IP. However the encapsulation method assigned influences your choices for IP address and ENET ENCAP gateway. 7.1.4.1 IP Assignment with PPPoA or PPPoE Encapsulation If you have a dynamic IP, then the IP Address and ENET ENCAP Gateway fields are not applicable (N/A). If you have a static IP, then you only need to fill in the IP Address field and not the ENET ENCAP Gateway field. 7.1.4.2 IP Assignment with RFC 1483 Encapsulation In this case the IP Address Assignment must be static with the same requirements for the IP Address and ENET ENCAP Gateway fields as stated above. 82 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Chapter 7 WAN Setup 7.1.4.3 IP Assignment with ENET ENCAP Encapsulation In this case you can have either a static or dynamic IP. For a static IP you must fill in all the IP Address and ENET ENCAP Gateway fields as supplied by your ISP. However for a dynamic IP, the ZyXEL Device acts as a DHCP client on the WAN port and so the IP Address and ENET ENCAP Gateway fields are not applicable (N/A) as the DHCP server assigns them to the ZyXEL Device. 7.1.5 Nailed-Up Connection (PPP) A nailed-up connection is a dial-up line where the connection is always up regardless of traffic demand. The ZyXEL Device does two things when you specify a nailed-up connection. The first is that idle timeout is disabled. The second is that the ZyXEL Device will try to bring up the connection when turned on and whenever the connection is down. A nailed-up connection can be very expensive for obvious reasons. Do not specify a nailed-up connection unless your telephone company offers flat-rate service or you need a constant connection and the cost is of no concern. 7.1.6 NAT NAT (Network Address Translation - NAT, RFC 1631) is the translation of the IP address of a host in a packet, for example, the source address of an outgoing packet, used within one network to a different IP address known within another network. 7.2 Metric The metric represents the "cost of transmission". A router determines the best route for transmission by choosing a path with the lowest "cost". RIP routing uses hop count as the measurement of cost, with a minimum of "1" for directly connected networks. The number must be between "1" and "15"; a number greater than "15" means the link is down. The smaller the number, the lower the "cost". The metric sets the priority for the ZyXEL Device routes to the Internet. If any two of the default routes have the same metric, the ZyXEL Device uses the following pre-defined priorities:

Normal route: designated by the ISP (see Section 7.7 on page 86) Traffic-redirect route (see Section 7.8 on page 90) WAN-backup route, also called dial-backup (see Section 7.9 on page 90) For example, if the normal route has a metric of "1" and the traffic-redirect route has a metric of "2" and dial-backup route has a metric of "3", then the normal route acts as the primary default route. If the normal route fails to connect to the Internet, the ZyXEL Device tries the traffic-redirect route next. In the same manner, the ZyXEL Device uses the dial-backup route if the traffic-redirect route also fails. If you want the dial-backup route to take first priority over the traffic-redirect route or even the normal route, all you need to do is set the dial-backup routes metric to "1" and the others to

"2" (or greater). P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 83 Chapter 7 WAN Setup IP Policy Routing overrides the default routing behavior and takes priority over all of the routes mentioned above. 7.3 PPPoE Encapsulation The ZyXEL Device supports PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet). PPPoE is an IETF Draft standard (RFC 2516) specifying how a personal computer (PC) interacts with a broadband modem (DSL, cable, wireless, etc.) connection. The PPPoE option is for a dial-up connection using PPPoE. For the service provider, PPPoE offers an access and authentication method that works with existing access control systems (for example Radius). PPPoE provides a login and authentication method that the existing Microsoft Dial-Up Networking software can activate, and therefore requires no new learning or procedures for Windows users. One of the benefits of PPPoE is the ability to let you access one of multiple network services, a function known as dynamic service selection. This enables the service provider to easily create and offer new IP services for individuals. Operationally, PPPoE saves significant effort for both you and the ISP or carrier, as it requires no specific configuration of the broadband modem at the customer site. By implementing PPPoE directly on the ZyXEL Device (rather than individual computers), the computers on the LAN do not need PPPoE software installed, since the ZyXEL Device does that part of the task. Furthermore, with NAT, all of the LANs computers will have access. 7.4 Traffic Shaping Traffic Shaping is an agreement between the carrier and the subscriber to regulate the average rate and fluctuations of data transmission over an ATM network. This agreement helps eliminate congestion, which is important for transmission of real time data such as audio and video connections. Peak Cell Rate (PCR) is the maximum rate at which the sender can send cells. This parameter may be lower (but not higher) than the maximum line speed. 1 ATM cell is 53 bytes (424 bits), so a maximum speed of 832Kbps gives a maximum PCR of 1962 cells/sec. This rate is not guaranteed because it is dependent on the line speed. Sustained Cell Rate (SCR) is the mean cell rate of each bursty traffic source. It specifies the maximum average rate at which cells can be sent over the virtual connection. SCR may not be greater than the PCR. Maximum Burst Size (MBS) is the maximum number of cells that can be sent at the PCR. After MBS is reached, cell rates fall below SCR until cell rate averages to the SCR again. At this time, more cells (up to the MBS) can be sent at the PCR again. If the PCR, SCR or MBS is set to the default of "0", the system will assign a maximum value that correlates to your upstream line rate. The following figure illustrates the relationship between PCR, SCR and MBS. 84 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Figure 31 Example of Traffic Shaping Chapter 7 WAN Setup 7.5 Zero Configuration Internet Access Once you turn on and connect the ZyXEL Device to a telephone jack, it automatically detects the Internet connection settings (such as the VCI/VPI numbers and the encapsulation method) from the ISP and makes the necessary configuration changes. In cases where additional account information (such as an Internet account user name and password) is required or the ZyXEL Device cannot connect to the ISP, you will be redirected to web screen(s) for information input or troubleshooting. Zero configuration for Internet access is disabled when the ZyXEL Device is in bridge mode you set the ZyXEL Device to use a static (fixed) WAN IP address. 7.6 The Main WAN Screen Click WAN in the navigation panel to display the man WAN screen. See Section 7.1 on page 81 for more information. Figure 32 WAN P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 85 Chapter 7 WAN Setup The following table describes the links in this screen. Table 25 WAN LINK WAN Setup DESCRIPTION Click this link to go to the screen where you can configure your ZyXEL Device for an Internet connection. Click this link to go to the screen where you can configure WAN backup connections

(traffic redirect and dial backup). WAN Backup 7.7 Configuring WAN Setup To change your ZyXEL Devices WAN remote node settings, click WAN and WAN Setup. The screen differs by the encapsulation. See Section 7.1 on page 81 for more information. 86 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Figure 33 WAN Setup (PPPoE) Chapter 7 WAN Setup P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 87 Chapter 7 WAN Setup The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 26 WAN Setup LABEL Name DESCRIPTION Enter the name of your Internet Service Provider, e.g., MyISP. This information is for identification purposes only. Select Routing (default) from the drop-down list box if your ISP allows multiple computers to share an Internet account. Otherwise select Bridge. Select the method of encapsulation used by your ISP from the drop-down list box. Choices vary depending on the mode you select in the Mode field. If you select Bridge in the Mode field, select either PPPoA or RFC 1483. If you select Routing in the Mode field, select PPPoA, RFC 1483, ENET ENCAP or PPPoE. Select the method of multiplexing used by your ISP from the drop-down list. Choices are VC or LLC. VPI (Virtual Path Identifier) and VCI (Virtual Channel Identifier) define a virtual circuit. Refer to the appendix for more information. The valid range for the VPI is 0 to 255. Enter the VPI assigned to you. The valid range for the VCI is 32 to 65535 (0 to 31 is reserved for local management of ATM traffic). Enter the VCI assigned to you. Select CBR (Continuous Bit Rate) to specify fixed (always-on) bandwidth for voice or data traffic. Select UBR (Unspecified Bit Rate) for applications that are non-time sensitive, such as e-mail. Select VBR (Variable Bit Rate) for bursty traffic and bandwidth sharing with other applications. Cell rate configuration often helps eliminate traffic congestion that slows transmission of real time data such as audio and video connections. Divide the DSL line rate (bps) by 424 (the size of an ATM cell) to find the Peak Cell Rate (PCR). This is the maximum rate at which the sender can send cells. Type the PCR here. The Sustain Cell Rate (SCR) sets the average cell rate (long-term) that can be transmitted. Type the SCR, which must be less than the PCR. Note that system default is 0 cells/sec. Maximum Burst Size (MBS) refers to the maximum number of cells that can be sent at the peak rate. Type the MBS, which is less than 65535. Mode Encapsulation Multiplex Virtual Circuit ID VPI VCI ATM QoS Type Cell Rate Peak Cell Rate Sustain Cell Rate Maximum Burst Size Login Information

(PPPoA and PPPoE encapsulation only) Service Name

(PPPoE only) Type the name of your PPPoE service here. User Name Password IP Address Enter the user name exactly as your ISP assigned. If assigned a name in the form user@domain where domain identifies a service name, then enter both components exactly as given. Enter the password associated with the user name above. This option is available if you select Routing in the Mode field. A static IP address is a fixed IP that your ISP gives you. A dynamic IP address is not fixed; the ISP assigns you a different one each time you connect to the Internet. Select Obtain an IP Address Automatically if you have a dynamic IP address;

otherwise select Static IP Address and type your ISP assigned IP address in the IP Address field below. 88 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Chapter 7 WAN Setup Table 26 WAN Setup (continued) DESCRIPTION LABEL Connection

(PPPoA and PPPoE encapsulation only) Nailed-Up Connection Select Nailed-Up Connection when you want your connection up all the time. The ZyXEL Device will try to bring up the connection automatically if it is disconnected. Select Connect on Demand when you don't want the connection up all the time and specify an idle time-out in the Max Idle Timeout field. Specify an idle time-out in the Max Idle Timeout field when you select Connect on Demand. The default setting is 0, which means the Internet session will not timeout. This field is available when you select PPPoE encapsulation. In addition to the ZyXEL Device's built-in PPPoE client, you can enable PPPoE pass through to allow up to ten hosts on the LAN to use PPPoE client software on their computers to connect to the ISP via the ZyXEL Device. Each host can have a separate account and a public WAN IP address. PPPoE pass through is an alternative to NAT for application where NAT is not appropriate. Disable PPPoE pass through if you do not need to allow hosts on the LAN to use PPPoE client software on their computers to connect to the ISP. Enter a subnet mask in dotted decimal notation. Refer to the appendices to calculate a subnet mask If you are implementing subnetting. You must specify a gateway IP address (supplied by your ISP) when you select ENET ENCAP in the Encapsulation field. This feature is not applicable/available when you configure the ZyXEL Device to use a static WAN IP address or in bridge mode. Select Yes to set the ZyXEL Device to automatically detect the Internet connection settings (such as the VCI/VPI numbers and the encapsulation method) from the ISP and make the necessary configuration changes. Select No to disable this feature. You must manually configure the ZyXEL Device for Internet access. The MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit, measured in bytes) sets the largest frame size your ZyXEL Device can send. Setting a high MTU allows larger frames to be sent from your device resulting in the more efficient use of bandwidth. However, the size of frames on your network may be limited by the Ethernet maximum frame size limit of 1500 bytes. Furthermore, if other devices have a smaller MTU setting, they must fragment packets received from the ZyXEL Device, resulting in slower overall transmission speeds. Type the MTU in this field if your ISP gave you it. Otherwise leave it at its default setting. Click Back to return to the previous screen. Click Apply to save the changes. Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh. Connect on Demand Max Idle Timeout PPPoE Passthrough

(PPPoE encapsulation only) Subnet Mask

(ENET ENCAP encapsulation only) ENET ENCAP Gateway

(ENET ENCAP encapsulation only) Zero Configuration MTU Back Apply Cancel P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 89 Chapter 7 WAN Setup 7.8 Traffic Redirect Traffic redirect forwards traffic to a backup gateway when the ZyXEL Device cannot connect to the Internet. An example is shown in the figure below. Figure 34 Traffic Redirect Example The following network topology allows you to avoid triangle route security issues when the backup gateway is connected to the LAN. Use IP alias to configure the LAN into two or three logical networks with the ZyXEL Device itself as the gateway for each LAN network. Put the protected LAN in one subnet (Subnet 1 in the following figure) and the backup gateway in another subnet (Subnet 2). Configure filters that allow packets from the protected LAN

(Subnet 1) to the backup gateway (Subnet 2). Figure 35 Traffic Redirect LAN Setup 7.9 Configuring WAN Backup Click WAN, then WAN Backup. The screen appears as shown. Use this screen to change your ZyXEL Devices WAN backup settings. 90 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Figure 36 WAN Backup Chapter 7 WAN Setup The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 27 WAN Backup LABEL Backup Type DESCRIPTION Select the method that the ZyXEL Device uses to check the DSL connection. Select DSL Link to have the ZyXEL Device check if the connection to the DSLAM is up. Select ICMP to have the ZyXEL Device periodically ping the IP addresses configured in the Check WAN IP Address fields. Configure this field to test your ZyXEL Device's WAN accessibility. Type the IP address of a reliable nearby computer (for example, your ISP's DNS server address). Check WAN IP Address1-3

If you activate either traffic redirect or dial backup, you must configure at least one IP address here. Fail Tolerance When using a WAN backup connection, the ZyXEL Device periodically pings the addresses configured here and uses the other WAN backup connection (if configured) if there is no response. Type the number of times (2 recommended) that your ZyXEL Device may ping the IP addresses configured in the Check WAN IP Address field without getting a response before switching to a WAN backup connection (or a different WAN backup connection). Recovery Interval When the ZyXEL Device is using a lower priority connection (usually a WAN backup connection), it periodically checks to whether or not it can use a higher priority connection. Type the number of seconds (30 recommended) for the ZyXEL Device to wait between checks. Allow more time if your destination IP address handles lots of traffic. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 91 Chapter 7 WAN Setup Table 27 WAN Backup (continued) LABEL Timeout DESCRIPTION Type the number of seconds (3 recommended) for your ZyXEL Device to wait for a ping response from one of the IP addresses in the Check WAN IP Address field before timing out the request. The WAN connection is considered "down" after the ZyXEL Device times out the number of times specified in the Fail Tolerance field. Use a higher value in this field if your network is busy or congested. Traffic redirect forwards traffic to a backup gateway when the ZyXEL Device cannot connect to the Internet. Select this check box to have the ZyXEL Device use traffic redirect if the normal WAN connection goes down. Traffic Redirect Active

If you activate traffic redirect, you must configure at least one Check WAN IP Address. Metric This field sets this route's priority among the routes the ZyXEL Device uses. The metric represents the "cost of transmission". A router determines the best route for transmission by choosing a path with the lowest "cost". RIP routing uses hop count as the measurement of cost, with a minimum of "1" for directly connected networks. The number must be between "1" and "15"; a number greater than "15" means the link is down. The smaller the number, the lower the "cost". Backup Gateway Type the IP address of your backup gateway in dotted decimal notation. The Back Apply Cancel ZyXEL Device automatically forwards traffic to this IP address if the ZyXEL Device's Internet connection terminates. Click Back to return to the previous screen. Click Apply to save the changes. Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh. 92 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide CHAPTER 8 Network Address Translation

(NAT) Screens This chapter discusses how to configure NAT on the ZyXEL Device. 8.1 NAT Overview NAT (Network Address Translation - NAT, RFC 1631) is the translation of the IP address of a host in a packet, for example, the source address of an outgoing packet, used within one network to a different IP address known within another network. 8.1.1 NAT Definitions Inside/outside denotes where a host is located relative to the ZyXEL Device, for example, the computers of your subscribers are the inside hosts, while the web servers on the Internet are the outside hosts. Global/local denotes the IP address of a host in a packet as the packet traverses a router, for example, the local address refers to the IP address of a host when the packet is in the local network, while the global address refers to the IP address of the host when the same packet is traveling in the WAN side. Note that inside/outside refers to the location of a host, while global/local refers to the IP address of a host used in a packet. Thus, an inside local address (ILA) is the IP address of an inside host in a packet when the packet is still in the local network, while an inside global address (IGA) is the IP address of the same inside host when the packet is on the WAN side. The following table summarizes this information. Table 28 NAT Definitions ITEM DESCRIPTION This refers to the host on the LAN. Inside This refers to the host on the WAN. Outside This refers to the packet address (source or destination) as the packet travels on the Local LAN. This refers to the packet address (source or destination) as the packet travels on the WAN. Global NAT never changes the IP address (either local or global) of an outside host. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 93 Chapter 8 Network Address Translation (NAT) Screens 8.1.2 What NAT Does In the simplest form, NAT changes the source IP address in a packet received from a subscriber (the inside local address) to another (the inside global address) before forwarding the packet to the WAN side. When the response comes back, NAT translates the destination address (the inside global address) back to the inside local address before forwarding it to the original inside host. Note that the IP address (either local or global) of an outside host is never changed. The global IP addresses for the inside hosts can be either static or dynamically assigned by the ISP. In addition, you can designate servers, for example, a web server and a telnet server, on your local network and make them accessible to the outside world. If you do not define any servers (for Many-to-One and Many-to-Many Overload mapping see Table 29 on page 96), NAT offers the additional benefit of firewall protection. With no servers defined, your ZyXEL Device filters out all incoming inquiries, thus preventing intruders from probing your network. For more information on IP address translation, refer to RFC 1631, The IP Network Address Translator (NAT). 8.1.3 How NAT Works Each packet has two addresses a source address and a destination address. For outgoing packets, the ILA (Inside Local Address) is the source address on the LAN, and the IGA (Inside Global Address) is the source address on the WAN. For incoming packets, the ILA is the destination address on the LAN, and the IGA is the destination address on the WAN. NAT maps private (local) IP addresses to globally unique ones required for communication with hosts on other networks. It replaces the original IP source address (and TCP or UDP source port numbers for Many-to-One and Many-to-Many Overload NAT mapping) in each packet and then forwards it to the Internet. The ZyXEL Device keeps track of the original addresses and port numbers so incoming reply packets can have their original values restored. The following figure illustrates this. Figure 37 How NAT Works 8.1.4 NAT Application The following figure illustrates a possible NAT application, where three inside LANs (logical LANs using IP Alias) behind the ZyXEL Device can communicate with three distinct WAN networks. More examples follow at the end of this chapter. 94 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Chapter 8 Network Address Translation (NAT) Screens Figure 38 NAT Application With IP Alias 8.1.5 NAT Mapping Types NAT supports five types of IP/port mapping. They are:

One to One: In One-to-One mode, the ZyXEL Device maps one local IP address to one global IP address. Many to One: In Many-to-One mode, the ZyXEL Device maps multiple local IP addresses to one global IP address. This is equivalent to SUA (for instance, PAT, port address translation), ZyXELs Single User Account feature that previous ZyXEL routers supported (the SUA Only option in todays routers). Many to Many Overload: In Many-to-Many Overload mode, the ZyXEL Device maps the multiple local IP addresses to shared global IP addresses. Many-to-Many No Overload: In Many-to-Many No Overload mode, the ZyXEL Device maps each local IP address to a unique global IP address. Server: This type allows you to specify inside servers of different services behind the NAT to be accessible to the outside world. Port numbers do NOT change for One-to-One and Many-to-Many No Overload NAT mapping types. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 95 Chapter 8 Network Address Translation (NAT) Screens The following table summarizes these types. Table 29 NAT Mapping Types TYPE One-to-One Many-to-One (SUA/PAT) IP MAPPING ILA1 IGA1 ILA1 IGA1 ILA2 IGA1 ILA1 IGA1 ILA2 IGA2 ILA3 IGA1 ILA4 IGA2 ILA1 IGA1 ILA2 IGA2 ILA3 IGA3 Server 1 IP IGA1 Server 2 IP IGA1 Server 3 IP IGA1 Many-to-Many Overload Many-to-Many No Overload Server 8.2 SUA (Single User Account) Versus NAT SUA (Single User Account) is a ZyNOS implementation of a subset of NAT that supports two types of mapping, Many-to-One and Server. The ZyXEL Device also supports Full Feature NAT to map multiple global IP addresses to multiple private LAN IP addresses of clients or servers using mapping types as outlined in Table 29 on page 96. Choose SUA Only if you have just one public WAN IP address for your ZyXEL Device. Choose Full Feature if you have multiple public WAN IP addresses for your ZyXEL Device. 8.3 SUA Server A SUA server set is a list of inside (behind NAT on the LAN) servers, for example, web or FTP, that you can make visible to the outside world even though SUA makes your whole inside network appear as a single computer to the outside world. You may enter a single port number or a range of port numbers to be forwarded, and the local IP address of the desired server. The port number identifies a service; for example, web service is on port 80 and FTP on port 21. In some cases, such as for unknown services or where one server can support more than one service (for example both FTP and web service), it might be better to specify a range of port numbers. You can allocate a server IP address that corresponds to a port or a range of ports. Many residential broadband ISP accounts do not allow you to run any server processes (such as a Web or FTP server) from your location. Your ISP may periodically check for servers and may suspend your account if it discovers any active services at your location. If you are unsure, refer to your ISP. 96 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Chapter 8 Network Address Translation (NAT) Screens 8.3.1 Default Server IP Address In addition to the servers for specified services, NAT supports a default server IP address. A default server receives packets from ports that are not specified in this screen. If you do not assign an IP address in Server Set 1 (default server) the ZyXEL Device discards all packets received for ports that are not specified here or in the remote management setup. 8.3.2 Port Forwarding: Services and Port Numbers The most often used port numbers are shown in the following table. Please refer to RFC 1700 for further information about port numbers. Table 30 Services and Port Numbers SERVICES ECHO FTP (File Transfer Protocol) SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) DNS (Domain Name System) Finger HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer protocol or WWW, Web) POP3 (Post Office Protocol) NNTP (Network News Transport Protocol) SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) SNMP trap PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) PORT NUMBER 7 21 25 53 79 80 110 119 161 162 1723 8.3.3 Configuring Servers Behind SUA (Example) Let's say you want to assign ports 21-25 to one FTP, Telnet and SMTP server (A in the example), port 80 to another (B in the example) and assign a default server IP address of 192.168.1.35 to a third (C in the example). You assign the LAN IP addresses and the ISP assigns the WAN IP address. The NAT network appears as a single host on the Internet. IP address assigned by ISP. Figure 39 Multiple Servers Behind NAT Example P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 97 Chapter 8 Network Address Translation (NAT) Screens 8.4 Selecting the NAT Mode You must create a firewall rule in addition to setting up SUA/NAT, to allow traffic from the WAN to be forwarded through the ZyXEL Device. Click NAT to open the following screen. Figure 40 NAT Mode The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 31 NAT Mode LABEL None SUA Only DESCRIPTION Select this radio button to disable NAT. Select this radio button if you have just one public WAN IP address for your ZyXEL Device. The ZyXEL Device uses Address Mapping Set 1 in the NAT - Edit SUA/NAT Server Set screen. Click this link to go to the NAT - Edit SUA/NAT Server Set screen. Select this radio button if you have multiple public WAN IP addresses for your ZyXEL Device. Click this link to go to the NAT - Address Mapping Rules screen. Click Apply to save your configuration. Edit Details Full Feature Edit Details Apply 8.5 Configuring SUA Server Set If you do not assign an IP address in Server Set 1 (default server) the ZyXEL Device discards all packets received for ports that are not specified here or in the remote management setup. Click NAT, select SUA Only and click Edit Details to open the following screen. See Section 8.3 on page 96 for more information. See Table 30 on page 97 for port numbers commonly used for particular services. 98 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Chapter 8 Network Address Translation (NAT) Screens Figure 41 Edit SUA/NAT Server Set The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 32 Edit SUA/NAT Server Set LABEL Start Port No. End Port No. Server IP Address Save Cancel DESCRIPTION Enter a port number in this field. To forward only one port, enter the port number again in the End Port No. field. To forward a series of ports, enter the start port number here and the end port number in the End Port No. field. Enter a port number in this field. To forward only one port, enter the port number again in the Start Port No. field above and then enter it again in this field. To forward a series of ports, enter the last port number in a series that begins with the port number in the Start Port No. field above. Enter your server IP address in this field. Click Save to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device. Click Cancel to return to the previous configuration. 8.6 Configuring Address Mapping Rules Ordering your rules is important because the ZyXEL Device applies the rules in the order that you specify. When a rule matches the current packet, the ZyXEL Device takes the corresponding action and the remaining rules are ignored. If there are any empty rules before your new configured rule, your configured rule will be pushed up by that number of empty P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 99 Chapter 8 Network Address Translation (NAT) Screens rules. For example, if you have already configured rules 1 to 6 in your current set and now you configure rule number 9. In the set summary screen, the new rule will be rule 7, not 9. Now if you delete rule 4, rules 5 to 7 will be pushed up by 1 rule, so old rules 5, 6 and 7 become new rules 4, 5 and 6. Click NAT, select Full Feature and click Edit Details to open the following screen. Use this screen to change your ZyXEL Devices address mapping settings. Figure 42 Address Mapping Rules The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 33 Address Mapping Rules LABEL Local Start IP DESCRIPTION This is the starting Inside Local IP Address (ILA). Local IP addresses are N/A for Server port mapping. This is the end Inside Local IP Address (ILA). If the rule is for all local IP addresses, then this field displays 0.0.0.0 as the Local Start IP address and 255.255.255.255 as the Local End IP address. This field is N/A for One-to-one and Server mapping types. This is the starting Inside Global IP Address (IGA). Enter 0.0.0.0 here if you have a dynamic IP address from your ISP. You can only do this for Many-to-One and Server mapping types. This is the ending Inside Global IP Address (IGA). This field is N/A for One-to-one, Many-to-One and Server mapping types. Local End IP Global Start IP Global End IP 100 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide

Chapter 8 Network Address Translation (NAT) Screens Table 33 Address Mapping Rules (continued) LABEL Type DESCRIPTION 1-1: One-to-one mode maps one local IP address to one global IP address. Note that port numbers do not change for the One-to-one NAT mapping type. M-1: Many-to-One mode maps multiple local IP addresses to one global IP address. This is equivalent to SUA (i.e., PAT, port address translation), ZyXEL's Single User Account feature that previous ZyXEL routers supported only. M-M Ov (Overload): Many-to-Many Overload mode maps multiple local IP addresses to shared global IP addresses. MM No (No Overload): Many-to-Many No Overload mode maps each local IP address to unique global IP addresses. Server: This type allows you to specify inside servers of different services behind the NAT to be accessible to the outside world. Click Back to return to the NAT Mode screen. Back 8.7 Editing an Address Mapping Rule Use this screen to edit an address mapping rule. Click the rules link in the NAT Address Mapping Rules screen to display the screen shown next. Figure 43 Edit Address Mapping Rule P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 101 Chapter 8 Network Address Translation (NAT) Screens The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 34 Edit Address Mapping Rule LABEL Type DESCRIPTION Choose the port mapping type from one of the following. One-to-One: One-to-One mode maps one local IP address to one global IP address. Note that port numbers do not change for One-to-one NAT mapping type. Many-to-One: Many-to-One mode maps multiple local IP addresses to one global IP address. This is equivalent to SUA (i.e., PAT, port address translation), ZyXEL's Single User Account feature that previous ZyXEL routers supported only. Many-to-Many Overload: Many-to-Many Overload mode maps multiple local IP addresses to shared global IP addresses. Many-to-Many No Overload: Many-to-Many No Overload mode maps each local IP address to unique global IP addresses. Server: This type allows you to specify inside servers of different services behind the NAT to be accessible to the outside world. Local Start IP Local End IP Global Start IP Global End IP Server Mapping Set Edit Details Apply Cancel Delete This is the starting local IP address (ILA). Local IP addresses are N/A for Server port mapping. This is the end local IP address (ILA). If your rule is for all local IP addresses, then enter 0.0.0.0 as the Local Start IP address and 255.255.255.255 as the Local End IP address. This field is N/A for One-to-One and Server mapping types. This is the starting global IP address (IGA). Enter 0.0.0.0 here if you have a dynamic IP address from your ISP. This is the ending global IP address (IGA). This field is N/A for One-to-One, Many-

to-One and Server mapping types. Only available when Type is set to Server. Select a number from the drop-down menu to choose a server set from the NAT -

Address Mapping Rules screen. Click this link to go to the NAT - Edit SUA/NAT Server Set screen to edit a server set that you have selected in the Server Mapping Set field. Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device. Click Cancel to return to the previously saved settings. Click Delete to exit this screen without saving. 102 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide CHAPTER 9 Dynamic DNS Setup This chapter discusses how to configure your ZyXEL Device to use Dynamic DNS. 9.1 Dynamic DNS Overview Dynamic DNS allows you to update your current dynamic IP address with one or many dynamic DNS services so that anyone can contact you (in NetMeeting, CU-SeeMe, etc.). You can also access your FTP server or Web site on your own computer using a domain name (for instance myhost.dhs.org, where myhost is a name of your choice) that will never change instead of using an IP address that changes each time you reconnect. Your friends or relatives will always be able to call you even if they don't know your IP address. First of all, you need to have registered a dynamic DNS account with www.dyndns.org. This is for people with a dynamic IP from their ISP or DHCP server that would still like to have a domain name. The Dynamic DNS service provider will give you a password or key. 9.1.1 DYNDNS Wildcard Enabling the wildcard feature for your host causes *.yourhost.dyndns.org to be aliased to the same IP address as yourhost.dyndns.org. This feature is useful if you want to be able to use, for example, www.yourhost.dyndns.org and still reach your hostname. If you have a private WAN IP address, then you cannot use Dynamic DNS. 9.2 Configuring Dynamic DNS To change your ZyXEL Devices DDNS, click Dynamic DNS. The screen appears as shown. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 103 Chapter 9 Dynamic DNS Setup Figure 44 Dynamic DNS The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 35 Dynamic DNS LABEL Active Service Provider This is the name of your Dynamic DNS service provider. Host Names DESCRIPTION Select this check box to use dynamic DNS. Type the domain name assigned to your ZyXEL Device by your Dynamic DNS provider. Type your e-mail address. Type your user name. Type the password assigned to you. E-mail Address User Password Enable Wildcard Select the check box to enable DYNDNS Wildcard. Apply Cancel Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device. Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh. 104 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide CHAPTER 10 Time and Date This screen is not available on all models. Use this screen to configure the ZyXEL Devices time and date settings. 10.1 Configuring Time and Date To change your ZyXEL Devices time and date, click Time And Date. The screen appears as shown. Use this screen to configure the ZyXEL Devices time based on your local time zone. Figure 45 Time and Date The following table describes the fields in this screen. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 105 Chapter 10 Time and Date Table 36 Time and Date LABEL Time Server Use Protocol when Bootup DESCRIPTION Select the time service protocol that your time server sends when you turn on the ZyXEL Device. Not all time servers support all protocols, so you may have to check with your ISP/network administrator or use trial and error to find a protocol that works. The main difference between them is the format. Daytime (RFC 867) format is day/month/year/time zone of the server. Time (RFC 868) format displays a 4-byte integer giving the total number of seconds since 1970/1/1 at 0:0:0. NTP (RFC 1305) is similar to Time (RFC 868). Select None to enter the time and date manually. IP Address or URL Enter the IP address or URL of your time server. Check with your ISP/network Time and Date Daylight Savings Start Date End Date Synchronize system clock with Time Server now. Date Current Date New Date (yyyy-

mm-dd) Time Current Time New Time Apply Cancel administrator if you are unsure of this information. Choose the time zone of your location. This will set the time difference between your time zone and Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). Select this option if you use daylight savings time. Daylight saving is a period from late spring to early fall when many countries set their clocks ahead of normal local time by one hour to give more daytime light in the evening. Enter the month and day that your daylight-savings time starts on if you selected Daylight Savings. Enter the month and day that your daylight-savings time ends on if you selected Daylight Savings. Select this option to have your ZyXEL Device use the time server (that you configured above) to set its internal system clock. Please wait for up to 60 seconds while the ZyXEL Device locates the time server. If the ZyXEL Device cannot find the time server, please check the time server protocol and its IP address. If the IP address was entered correctly, try pinging it for example to test the connection. This field displays the date of your ZyXEL Device. Each time you reload this page, the ZyXEL Device synchronizes the time with the time server. This field displays the last updated date from the time server. When you select None in the Use Protocol when Bootup field, enter the new date in this field and then click Apply. This field displays the time of your ZyXEL Device. Each time you reload this page, the ZyXEL Device synchronizes the time with the time server. This field displays the last updated time from the time server. When you select None in the Use Protocol when Bootup field, enter the new time in this field and then click Apply. Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device. Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh. 106 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide CHAPTER 11 Firewalls This chapter gives some background information on firewalls and introduces the ZyXEL Device firewall. 11.1 Firewall Overview Originally, the term firewall referred to a construction technique designed to prevent the spread of fire from one room to another. The networking term firewall is a system or group of systems that enforces an access-control policy between two networks. It may also be defined as a mechanism used to protect a trusted network from an untrusted network. Of course, firewalls cannot solve every security problem. A firewall is one of the mechanisms used to establish a network security perimeter in support of a network security policy. It should never be the only mechanism or method employed. For a firewall to guard effectively, you must design and deploy it appropriately. This requires integrating the firewall into a broad information-security policy. In addition, specific policies must be implemented within the firewall itself. Refer to Section 12.6 on page 122 to configure default firewall settings. Refer to Section 12.7 on page 123 to view firewall rules. Refer to Section 12.7.1 on page 125 to configure firewall rules. Refer to Section 12.8 on page 128 to configure a custom service. Refer to Section 12.13.3 on page 136 to configure firewall thresholds. 11.2 Types of Firewalls There are three main types of firewalls:

Packet Filtering Firewalls Application-level Firewalls Stateful Inspection Firewalls 11.2.1 Packet Filtering Firewalls Packet filtering firewalls restrict access based on the source/destination computer network address of a packet and the type of application. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 107 Chapter 11 Firewalls 11.2.2 Application-level Firewalls Application-level firewalls restrict access by serving as proxies for external servers. Since they use programs written for specific Internet services, such as HTTP, FTP and telnet, they can evaluate network packets for valid application-specific data. Application-level gateways have a number of general advantages over the default mode of permitting application traffic directly to internal hosts:

Information hiding prevents the names of internal systems from being made known via DNS to outside systems, since the application gateway is the only host whose name must be made known to outside systems. Robust authentication and logging pre-authenticates application traffic before it reaches internal hosts and causes it to be logged more effectively than if it were logged with standard host logging. Filtering rules at the packet filtering router can be less complex than they would be if the router needed to filter application traffic and direct it to a number of specific systems. The router need only allow application traffic destined for the application gateway and reject the rest. 11.2.3 Stateful Inspection Firewalls Stateful inspection firewalls restrict access by screening data packets against defined access rules. They make access control decisions based on IP address and protocol. They also

"inspect" the session data to assure the integrity of the connection and to adapt to dynamic protocols. These firewalls generally provide the best speed and transparency, however, they may lack the granular application level access control or caching that some proxies support. See Section 11.5 on page 113 for more information on stateful inspection. Firewalls, of one type or another, have become an integral part of standard security solutions for enterprises. 11.3 Introduction to ZyXELs Firewall The ZyXEL Device firewall is a stateful inspection firewall and is designed to protect against Denial of Service attacks when activated (in the web configurator). The ZyXEL Devices purpose is to allow a private Local Area Network (LAN) to be securely connected to the Internet. The ZyXEL Device can be used to prevent theft, destruction and modification of data, as well as log events, which may be important to the security of your network. The ZyXEL Device also has packet filtering capabilities. The ZyXEL Device is installed between the LAN and the Internet. This allows it to act as a secure gateway for all data passing between the Internet and the LAN. The ZyXEL Device has one DSL/ISDN port and one Ethernet LAN port, which physically separate the network into two areas. The DSL/ISDN port connects to the Internet. The LAN (Local Area Network) port attaches to a network of computers, which needs security from the outside world. These computers will have access to Internet services such as e-mail, FTP, and the World Wide Web. However, inbound access will not be allowed unless you configure remote management or create a firewall rule to allow a remote host to use a specific service. 108 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 11.3.1 Denial of Service Attacks Figure 46 ZyXEL Device Firewall Application Chapter 11 Firewalls 11.4 Denial of Service Denials of Service (DoS) attacks are aimed at devices and networks with a connection to the Internet. Their goal is not to steal information, but to disable a device or network so users no longer have access to network resources. The ZyXEL Device is pre-configured to automatically detect and thwart all known DoS attacks. 11.4.1 Basics Computers share information over the Internet using a common language called TCP/IP. TCP/

IP, in turn, is a set of application protocols that perform specific functions. An extension number, called the "TCP port" or "UDP port" identifies these protocols, such as HTTP

(Web), FTP (File Transfer Protocol), POP3 (E-mail), etc. For example, Web traffic by default uses TCP port 80. When computers communicate on the Internet, they are using the client/server model, where the server "listens" on a specific TCP/UDP port for information requests from remote client computers on the network. For example, a Web server typically listens on port 80. Please note that while a computer may be intended for use over a single port, such as Web on port 80, other ports are also active. If the person configuring or managing the computer is not careful, a hacker could attack it over an unprotected port. Some of the most common IP ports are:

P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 109 Chapter 11 Firewalls Table 37 Common IP Ports 21 23 25 FTP Telnet SMTP 53 80 110 DNS HTTP POP3 11.4.2 Types of DoS Attacks There are four types of DoS attacks:

1 Those that exploit bugs in a TCP/IP implementation. 2 Those that exploit weaknesses in the TCP/IP specification. 3 Brute-force attacks that flood a network with useless data. 4 IP Spoofing. 5 "Ping of Death" and "Teardrop" attacks exploit bugs in the TCP/IP implementations of various computer and host systems. Ping of Death uses a "ping" utility to create an IP packet that exceeds the maximum 65,536 bytes of data allowed by the IP specification. The oversize packet is then sent to an unsuspecting system. Systems may crash, hang or reboot. Teardrop attack exploits weaknesses in the re-assembly of IP packet fragments. As data is transmitted through a network, IP packets are often broken up into smaller chunks. Each fragment looks like the original IP packet except that it contains an offset field that says, for instance, "This fragment is carrying bytes 200 through 400 of the original (non fragmented) IP packet." The Teardrop program creates a series of IP fragments with overlapping offset fields. When these fragments are reassembled at the destination, some systems will crash, hang, or reboot. 6 Weaknesses in the TCP/IP specification leave it open to "SYN Flood" and "LAND"

attacks. These attacks are executed during the handshake that initiates a communication session between two applications. Figure 47 Three-Way Handshake Under normal circumstances, the application that initiates a session sends a SYN

(synchronize) packet to the receiving server. The receiver sends back an ACK

(acknowledgment) packet and its own SYN, and then the initiator responds with an ACK

(acknowledgment). After this handshake, a connection is established. 110 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Chapter 11 Firewalls SYN Attack floods a targeted system with a series of SYN packets. Each packet causes the targeted system to issue a SYN-ACK response. While the targeted system waits for the ACK that follows the SYN-ACK, it queues up all outstanding SYN-ACK responses on what is known as a backlog queue. SYN-ACKs are moved off the queue only when an ACK comes back or when an internal timer (which is set at relatively long intervals) terminates the three-way handshake. Once the queue is full, the system will ignore all incoming SYN requests, making the system unavailable for legitimate users. Figure 48 SYN Flood In a LAND Attack, hackers flood SYN packets into the network with a spoofed source IP address of the targeted system. This makes it appear as if the host computer sent the packets to itself, making the system unavailable while the target system tries to respond to itself. 7 A brute-force attack, such as a "Smurf" attack, targets a feature in the IP specification known as directed or subnet broadcasting, to quickly flood the target network with useless data. A Smurf hacker floods a router with Internet Control Message Protocol

(ICMP) echo request packets (pings). Since the destination IP address of each packet is the broadcast address of the network, the router will broadcast the ICMP echo request packet to all hosts on the network. If there are numerous hosts, this will create a large amount of ICMP echo request and response traffic. If a hacker chooses to spoof the source IP address of the ICMP echo request packet, the resulting ICMP traffic will not only clog up the "intermediary" network, but will also congest the network of the spoofed source IP address, known as the "victim" network. This flood of broadcast traffic consumes all available bandwidth, making communications impossible. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 111 Chapter 11 Firewalls Figure 49 Smurf Attack 11.4.2.1 ICMP Vulnerability ICMP is an error-reporting protocol that works in concert with IP. The following ICMP types trigger an alert:

Table 38 ICMP Commands That Trigger Alerts 5 13 14 17 18 REDIRECT TIMESTAMP_REQUEST TIMESTAMP_REPLY ADDRESS_MASK_REQUEST ADDRESS_MASK_REPLY 11.4.2.2 Illegal Commands (NetBIOS and SMTP) The only legal NetBIOS commands are the following - all others are illegal. Table 39 Legal NetBIOS Commands MESSAGE:

REQUEST:

POSITIVE:

VE:

RETARGET:

KEEPALIVE:

All SMTP commands are illegal except for those displayed in the following tables. Table 40 Legal SMTP Commands ETRN AUTH QUIT SAML HELO SOML EXPN SEND HELP TURN EHLO RSET DATA RCPT MAIL VRFY NOOP 11.4.2.3 Traceroute Traceroute is a utility used to determine the path a packet takes between two endpoints. Sometimes when a packet filter firewall is configured incorrectly an attacker can traceroute the firewall gaining knowledge of the network topology inside the firewall. 112 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Chapter 11 Firewalls Often, many DoS attacks also employ a technique known as "IP Spoofing" as part of their attack. IP Spoofing may be used to break into systems, to hide the hacker's identity, or to magnify the effect of the DoS attack. IP Spoofing is a technique used to gain unauthorized access to computers by tricking a router or firewall into thinking that the communications are coming from within the trusted network. To engage in IP spoofing, a hacker must modify the packet headers so that it appears that the packets originate from a trusted host and should be allowed through the router or firewall. The ZyXEL Device blocks all IP Spoofing attempts. 11.5 Stateful Inspection With stateful inspection, fields of the packets are compared to packets that are already known to be trusted. For example, if you access some outside service, the proxy server remembers things about your original request, like the port number and source and destination addresses. This remembering is called saving the state. When the outside system responds to your request, the firewall compares the received packets with the saved state to determine if they are allowed in. The ZyXEL Device uses stateful packet inspection to protect the private LAN from hackers and vandals on the Internet. By default, the ZyXEL Devices stateful inspection allows all communications to the Internet that originate from the LAN, and blocks all traffic to the LAN that originates from the Internet. In summary, stateful inspection:

Allows all sessions originating from the LAN (local network) to the WAN (Internet). Denies all sessions originating from the WAN to the LAN. Figure 50 Stateful Inspection The previous figure shows the ZyXEL Devices default firewall rules in action as well as demonstrates how stateful inspection works. User A can initiate a Telnet session from within the LAN and responses to this request are allowed. However other Telnet traffic initiated from the WAN is blocked. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 113 Chapter 11 Firewalls 11.5.1 Stateful Inspection Process In this example, the following sequence of events occurs when a TCP packet leaves the LAN network through the firewall's WAN interface. The TCP packet is the first in a session, and the packet's application layer protocol is configured for a firewall rule inspection:

1 The packet travels from the firewall's LAN to the WAN. 2 The packet is evaluated against the interface's existing outbound access list, and the packet is permitted (a denied packet would simply be dropped at this point). 3 The packet is inspected by a firewall rule to determine and record information about the state of the packet's connection. This information is recorded in a new state table entry created for the new connection. If there is not a firewall rule for this packet and it is not an attack, then the settings in the Default Policy screen determine the action for this packet. 4 Based on the obtained state information, a firewall rule creates a temporary access list entry that is inserted at the beginning of the WAN interface's inbound extended access list. This temporary access list entry is designed to permit inbound packets of the same connection as the outbound packet just inspected. 5 The outbound packet is forwarded out through the interface. 6 Later, an inbound packet reaches the interface. This packet is part of the connection previously established with the outbound packet. The inbound packet is evaluated against the inbound access list, and is permitted because of the temporary access list entry previously created. 7 The packet is inspected by a firewall rule, and the connection's state table entry is updated as necessary. Based on the updated state information, the inbound extended access list temporary entries might be modified, in order to permit only packets that are valid for the current state of the connection. 8 Any additional inbound or outbound packets that belong to the connection are inspected to update the state table entry and to modify the temporary inbound access list entries as required, and are forwarded through the interface. 9 When the connection terminates or times out, the connection's state table entry is deleted and the connection's temporary inbound access list entries are deleted. 11.5.2 Stateful Inspection and the ZyXEL Device Additional rules may be defined to extend or override the default rules. For example, a rule may be created which will:

Block all traffic of a certain type, such as IRC (Internet Relay Chat), from the LAN to the Internet. Allow certain types of traffic from the Internet to specific hosts on the LAN. Allow access to a Web server to everyone but competitors. Restrict use of certain protocols, such as Telnet, to authorized users on the LAN. These custom rules work by evaluating the network traffics Source IP address, Destination IP address, IP protocol type, and comparing these to rules set by the administrator. 114 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Chapter 11 Firewalls

The ability to define firewall rules is a very powerful tool. Using custom rules, it is possible to disable all firewall protection or block all access to the Internet. Use extreme caution when creating or deleting firewall rules. Test changes after creating them to make sure they work correctly. Below is a brief technical description of how these connections are tracked. Connections may either be defined by the upper protocols (for instance, TCP), or by the ZyXEL Device itself (as with the "virtual connections" created for UDP and ICMP). 11.5.3 TCP Security The ZyXEL Device uses state information embedded in TCP packets. The first packet of any new connection has its SYN flag set and its ACK flag cleared; these are "initiation" packets. All packets that do not have this flag structure are called "subsequent" packets, since they represent data that occurs later in the TCP stream. If an initiation packet originates on the WAN, this means that someone is trying to make a connection from the Internet into the LAN. Except in a few special cases (see "Upper Layer Protocols" shown next), these packets are dropped and logged. If an initiation packet originates on the LAN, this means that someone is trying to make a connection from the LAN to the Internet. Assuming that this is an acceptable part of the security policy (as is the case with the default policy), the connection will be allowed. A cache entry is added which includes connection information such as IP addresses, TCP ports, sequence numbers, etc. When the ZyXEL Device receives any subsequent packet (from the Internet or from the LAN), its connection information is extracted and checked against the cache. A packet is only allowed to pass through if it corresponds to a valid connection (that is, if it is a response to a connection which originated on the LAN). 11.5.4 UDP/ICMP Security UDP and ICMP do not themselves contain any connection information (such as sequence numbers). However, at the very minimum, they contain an IP address pair (source and destination). UDP also contains port pairs, and ICMP has type and code information. All of this data can be analyzed in order to build "virtual connections" in the cache. For instance, any UDP packet that originates on the LAN will create a cache entry. Its IP address and port pairs will be stored. For a short period of time, UDP packets from the WAN that have matching IP and UDP information will be allowed back in through the firewall. A similar situation exists for ICMP, except that the ZyXEL Device is even more restrictive. Specifically, only outgoing echoes will allow incoming echo replies, outgoing address mask requests will allow incoming address mask replies, and outgoing timestamp requests will allow incoming timestamp replies. No other ICMP packets are allowed in through the firewall, simply because they are too dangerous and contain too little tracking information. For instance, ICMP redirect packets are never allowed in, since they could be used to reroute traffic through attacking machines. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 115 Chapter 11 Firewalls 11.5.5 Upper Layer Protocols Some higher layer protocols (such as FTP and RealAudio) utilize multiple network connections simultaneously. In general terms, they usually have a "control connection" which is used for sending commands between endpoints, and then "data connections" which are used for transmitting bulk information. Consider the FTP protocol. A user on the LAN opens a control connection to a server on the Internet and requests a file. At this point, the remote server will open a data connection from the Internet. For FTP to work properly, this connection must be allowed to pass through even though a connection from the Internet would normally be rejected. In order to achieve this, the ZyXEL Device inspects the application-level FTP data. Specifically, it searches for outgoing "PORT" commands, and when it sees these, it adds a cache entry for the anticipated data connection. This can be done safely, since the PORT command contains address and port information, which can be used to uniquely identify the connection. Any protocol that operates in this way must be supported on a case-by-case basis. You can use the web configurators Custom Ports feature to do this. 11.6 Guidelines for Enhancing Security with Your Firewall Change the default password via the web configurator. Limit who can telnet into your router. Don't enable any local service (such as SNMP or NTP) that you don't use. Any enabled service could present a potential security risk. A determined hacker might be able to find creative ways to misuse the enabled services to access the firewall or the network. For local services that are enabled, protect against misuse. Protect by configuring the services to communicate only with specific peers, and protect by configuring rules to block packets for the services at specific interfaces. Protect against IP spoofing by making sure the firewall is active. Keep the firewall in a secured (locked) room. 11.6.1 Security In General You can never be too careful! Factors outside your firewall, filtering or NAT can cause security breaches. Below are some generalizations about what you can do to minimize them. Encourage your company or organization to develop a comprehensive security plan. Good network administration takes into account what hackers can do and prepares against attacks. The best defense against hackers and crackers is information. Educate all employees about the importance of security and how to minimize risk. Produce lists like this one!

DSL or cable modem connections are always-on connections and are particularly vulnerable because they provide more opportunities for hackers to crack your system. Turn your computer off when not in use. Never give out a password or any sensitive information to an unsolicited telephone call or e-mail. 116 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Chapter 11 Firewalls Never e-mail sensitive information such as passwords, credit card information, etc., without encrypting the information first. Never submit sensitive information via a web page unless the web site uses secure connections. You can identify a secure connection by looking for a small key icon on the bottom of your browser (Internet Explorer 3.02 or better or Netscape 3.0 or better). If a web site uses a secure connection, it is safe to submit information. Secure web transactions are quite difficult to crack. Never reveal your IP address or other system networking information to people outside your company. Be careful of files e-mailed to you from strangers. One common way of getting BackOrifice on a system is to include it as a Trojan horse with other files. Change your passwords regularly. Also, use passwords that are not easy to figure out. The most difficult passwords to crack are those with upper and lower case letters, numbers and a symbol such as % or #. Upgrade your software regularly. Many older versions of software, especially web browsers, have well known security deficiencies. When you upgrade to the latest versions, you get the latest patches and fixes. If you use chat rooms or IRC sessions, be careful with any information you reveal to strangers. If your system starts exhibiting odd behavior, contact your ISP. Some hackers will set off hacks that cause your system to slowly become unstable or unusable. Always shred confidential information, particularly about your computer, before throwing it away. Some hackers dig through the trash of companies or individuals for information that might help them in an attack. 11.7 Packet Filtering Vs Firewall Below are some comparisons between the ZyXEL Devices filtering and firewall functions. 11.7.1 Packet Filtering:

The router filters packets as they pass through the routers interface according to the filter rules you designed. Packet filtering is a powerful tool, yet can be complex to configure and maintain, especially if you need a chain of rules to filter a service. Packet filtering only checks the header portion of an IP packet. 11.7.1.1 When To Use Filtering To block/allow LAN packets by their MAC addresses. To block/allow special IP packets which are neither TCP nor UDP, nor ICMP packets. To block/allow both inbound (WAN to LAN) and outbound (LAN to WAN) traffic between the specific inside host/network "A" and outside host/network "B". If the filter blocks the traffic from A to B, it also blocks the traffic from B to A. Filters can not distinguish traffic originating from an inside host or an outside host by IP address. To block/allow IP trace route. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 117 Chapter 11 Firewalls 11.7.2 Firewall The firewall inspects packet contents as well as their source and destination addresses. Firewalls of this type employ an inspection module, applicable to all protocols, that understands data in the packet is intended for other layers, from the network layer (IP headers) up to the application layer. The firewall performs stateful inspection. It takes into account the state of connections it handles so that, for example, a legitimate incoming packet can be matched with the outbound request for that packet and allowed in. Conversely, an incoming packet masquerading as a response to a nonexistent outbound request can be blocked. The firewall uses session filtering, i.e., smart rules, that enhance the filtering process and control the network session rather than control individual packets in a session. The firewall provides e-mail service to notify you of routine reports and when alerts occur. 11.7.2.1 When To Use The Firewall To prevent DoS attacks and prevent hackers cracking your network. A range of source and destination IP addresses as well as port numbers can be specified within one firewall rule making the firewall a better choice when complex rules are required. To selectively block/allow inbound or outbound traffic between inside host/networks and outside host/networks. Remember that filters can not distinguish traffic originating from an inside host or an outside host by IP address. The firewall performs better than filtering if you need to check many rules. Use the firewall if you need routine e-mail reports about your system or need to be alerted when attacks occur. The firewall can block specific URL traffic that might occur in the future. The URL can be saved in an Access Control List (ACL) database. 118 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide CHAPTER 12 Firewall Configuration This chapter shows you how to enable and configure the ZyXEL Device firewall. 12.1 Access Methods The web configurator is, by far, the most comprehensive firewall configuration tool your ZyXEL Device has to offer. For this reason, it is recommended that you configure your firewall using the web configurator. CLI commands provide limited configuration options and are only recommended for advanced users. 12.2 Firewall Policies Overview Firewall rules are grouped based on the direction of travel of packets to which they apply:

LAN to LAN/ Router LAN to WAN WAN to LAN WAN to WAN/ Router

The LAN includes both the LAN port and the WLAN. By default, the ZyXEL Devices stateful packet inspection allows packets traveling in the following directions:

LAN to LAN/ Router This allows computers on the LAN to manage the ZyXEL Device and communicate between networks or subnets connected to the LAN interface. LAN to WAN By default, the ZyXEL Devices stateful packet inspection blocks packets traveling in the following directions:

WAN to LAN WAN to WAN/ Router This prevents computers on the WAN from using the ZyXEL Device as a gateway to communicate with other computers on the WAN and/or managing the ZyXEL Device. You may define additional rules and sets or modify existing ones but please exercise extreme caution in doing so. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 119 Chapter 12 Firewall Configuration

If you configure firewall rules without a good understanding of how they work, you might inadvertently introduce security risks to the firewall and to the protected network. Make sure you test your rules after you configure them. For example, you may create rules to:

Block certain types of traffic, such as IRC (Internet Relay Chat), from the LAN to the Internet. Allow certain types of traffic, such as Lotus Notes database synchronization, from specific hosts on the Internet to specific hosts on the LAN. Allow everyone except your competitors to access a Web server. Restrict use of certain protocols, such as Telnet, to authorized users on the LAN. These custom rules work by comparing the Source IP address, Destination IP address and IP protocol type of network traffic to rules set by the administrator. Your customized rules take precedence and override the ZyXEL Devices default rules. 12.3 Rule Logic Overview

Study these points carefully before configuring rules. 12.3.1 Rule Checklist State the intent of the rule. For example, This restricts all IRC access from the LAN to the Internet. Or, This allows a remote Lotus Notes server to synchronize over the Internet to an inside Notes server. 1 Is the intent of the rule to forward or block traffic?

2 What direction of traffic does the rule apply to?

3 What IP services will be affected?

4 What computers on the LAN are to be affected (if any)?

5 What computers on the Internet will be affected? The more specific, the better. For example, if traffic is being allowed from the Internet to the LAN, it is better to allow only certain machines on the Internet to access the LAN. 12.3.2 Security Ramifications 1 Once the logic of the rule has been defined, it is critical to consider the security ramifications created by the rule:

2 Does this rule stop LAN users from accessing critical resources on the Internet? For example, if IRC is blocked, are there users that require this service?

120 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Chapter 12 Firewall Configuration 3 Is it possible to modify the rule to be more specific? For example, if IRC is blocked for all users, will a rule that blocks just certain users be more effective?

4 Does a rule that allows Internet users access to resources on the LAN create a security vulnerability? For example, if FTP ports (TCP 20, 21) are allowed from the Internet to the LAN, Internet users may be able to connect to computers with running FTP servers. 5 Does this rule conflict with any existing rules?

6 Once these questions have been answered, adding rules is simply a matter of plugging the information into the correct fields in the web configurator screens. 12.3.3 Key Fields For Configuring Rules 12.3.3.1 Action Should the action be to Block or Forward? Block means the firewall silently discards the packet. 12.3.3.2 Service Select the service from the Service scrolling list box. If the service is not listed, it is necessary to first define it. See Section 12.11 on page 133 for more information on predefined services. 12.3.3.3 Source Address What is the connections source address; is it on the LAN, WAN? Is it a single IP, a range of IPs or a subnet?

12.3.3.4 Destination Address What is the connections destination address; is it on the LAN, WAN? Is it a single IP, a range of IPs or a subnet?

12.4 Connection Direction This section describes examples for firewall rules for connections going from LAN to WAN and from WAN to LAN. LAN to LAN/ Router, WAN to WAN/ Router rules apply to packets coming in on the associated interface (LAN, WAN respectively). LAN to LAN/ Router means policies for LAN-to-ZyXEL Device (the policies for managing the ZyXEL Device through the LAN interface) and policies for LAN-to-LAN (the policies that control routing between two subnets on the LAN). Similarly, WAN to WAN/ Router polices apply in the same way to the WAN ports. 12.4.1 LAN to WAN Rules The default rule for LAN to WAN traffic is that all users on the LAN are allowed non-

restricted access to the WAN. When you configure a LAN to WAN rule, you in essence want to limit some or all users from accessing certain services on the WAN. WAN to LAN Rules The default rule for WAN to LAN traffic blocks all incoming connections (WAN to LAN). If you wish to allow certain WAN users to have access to your LAN, you will need to create custom rules to allow it. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 121 Chapter 12 Firewall Configuration 12.4.2 Alerts Alerts are reports on events, such as attacks, that you may want to know about right away. You can choose to generate an alert when an attack is detected in the Edit Rule screen (select the Send Alert Message to Administrator When Matched check box) or when a rule is matched in the Edit Rule screen. When an event generates an alert, a message can be immediately sent to an e-mail account that you specify in the Log Settings screen (see the chapter on logs). 12.5 The Main Firewall Screen Click Content Filter to display the main Content Filtering screen. Figure 51 Content Filtering DESCRIPTION Click this link to configure the default firewall policy. The following table describes the links in this screen. Table 41 Firewall > Firewall Functions LINK Default Policy Rule Summary Anti-

Probing Threshold Click this link to configure anti-probing rules. Click this link to configure firewall rules. Click this link to configure threshold values used to detect DoS attacks. 12.6 Configuring Default Firewall Policy Click Firewall and then Default Policy to display the following screen. Activate the firewall by selecting the Firewall Enabled check box as seen in the following screen. Refer to Section 11.1 on page 107 for more information. 122 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Figure 52 Firewall: Default Policy Chapter 12 Firewall Configuration Allow Asymmetrical Route Packet Direction The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 42 Firewall: Default Policy DESCRIPTION LABEL Select this check box to activate the firewall. The ZyXEL Device performs access Firewall Enabled control and protects against Denial of Service (DoS) attacks when the firewall is activated. Select this check box to have the ZyXEL Device firewall permit the use of triangle route topology on the network. See the appendix for more on triangle route topology. This is the direction of travel of packets (LAN to LAN/Router, LAN to WAN, WAN to WAN/Router, WAN to LAN). Firewall rules are grouped based on the direction of travel of packets to which they apply. For example, LAN to LAN/Router means packets traveling from a computer/subnet on the LAN to either another computer/subnet on the LAN interface of the ZyXEL Device or the ZyXEL Device itself. Use the radio buttons to select whether to Block (silently discard) or Forward

(allow the passage of) packets that are traveling in the selected direction. Select the check box to create a log (when the above action is taken) for packets that are traveling in the selected direction and do not match any of the rules below. Click Back to return to the previous screen. Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device. Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh. Back Apply Cancel Default Action Log 12.7 Rule Summary

The ordering of your rules is very important as rules are applied in turn. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 123 Chapter 12 Firewall Configuration Refer to Section 11.1 on page 107 for more information. Click on Firewall, then Rule Summary to bring up the following screen. This screen is a summary of the existing rules. Note the order in which the rules are listed. Figure 53 Firewall: Rule Summary The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 43 Rule Summary LABEL Firewall Rules Storage Space in Use Packet Direction Default Policy DESCRIPTION This read-only bar shows how much of the ZyXEL Device's memory for recording firewall rules it is currently using. When you are using 80% or less of the storage space, the bar is green. When the amount of space used is over 80%, the bar is red. Use the drop-down list box to select a direction of travel of packets for which you want to configure firewall rules. This field displays the default action and log policy you selected in the Default Rule screen for the packet direction shown in the field above. The following read-only fields summarize the rules you have created that apply to traffic traveling in the selected packet direction. The firewall rules that you configure

(summarized below) take priority over the general firewall action settings above. This is your firewall rule number. The ordering of your rules is important as rules are applied in turn. Click a rules number to go to the Firewall Edit Rule screen to configure or edit a firewall rule. This field displays whether a firewall is turned on (Y) or not (N). This drop-down list box displays the source addresses or ranges of addresses to which this firewall rule applies. Please note that a blank source or destination address is equivalent to Any. This drop-down list box displays the destination addresses or ranges of addresses to which this firewall rule applies. Please note that a blank source or destination address is equivalent to Any. Rule Active Source IP Destination IP 124 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Chapter 12 Firewall Configuration Table 43 Rule Summary (continued) LABEL Service DESCRIPTION This drop-down list box displays the services to which this firewall rule applies. Please note that a blank service type is equivalent to Any. See Section 12.11 on page 133 for more information. This is the specified action for that rule, either Block or Forward. Note that Block means the firewall silently discards the packet. This field tells you whether a schedule is specified (Yes) or not (No). This field shows you whether a log is created when packets match this rule

(Enabled) or not (Disable). This field tells you whether this rule generates an alert (Yes) or not (No) when the rule is matched. Type the index number for where you want to put a rule. For example, if you type 6, your new rule becomes number 6 and the previous rule 6 (if there is one) becomes rule 7. Click Insert to add a new firewall rule before the specified index number. Click Append to add a new firewall rule after the specified index number. Type a rules index number and the number for where you want to put that rule. Click Move to move the rule to the number that you typed. The ordering of your rules is important as they are applied in order of their numbering. Click Back to return to the previous screen. Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device. Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh. Action Schedule Log Alert Insert/Append Move Back Apply Cancel 12.7.1 Configuring Firewall Rules Refer to Section 11.1 on page 107 for more information. Follow these directions to create a new rule. 1 In the Rule Summary screen, type the index number for where you want to put the rule. For example, if you type 6, your new rule becomes number 6 and the previous rule 6

(if there is one) becomes rule 7. 2 Click Insert to display this screen and refer to the following table for information on the labels. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 125 Chapter 12 Firewall Configuration Figure 54 Firewall: Edit Rule The following table describes the labels in this screen. 126 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Chapter 12 Firewall Configuration Table 44 Firewall: Edit Rule LABEL Active Action for Matched Packet Source/Destination Address Address Type Start IP Address End IP Address Subnet Mask Add Edit Delete Services Available/ Selected Services Edit Customized Service Schedule DESCRIPTION Select this option to enable this firewall rule. Use the radio button to select whether to discard (Block) or allow the passage of (Forward) packets that match this rule. Do you want your rule to apply to packets with a particular (single) IP, a range of IP addresses (e.g., 192.168.1.10 to 192.169.1.50), a subnet or any IP address?

Select an option from the drop-down list box that includes: Single Address, Range Address, Subnet Address and Any Address. Enter the single IP address or the starting IP address in a range here. Enter the ending IP address in a range here. Enter the subnet mask here, if applicable. Click Add to add a new address to the Source or Destination Address box. You can add multiple addresses, ranges of addresses, and/or subnets. To edit an existing source or destination address, select it from the box and click Edit. Highlight an existing source or destination address from the Source or Destination Address box above and click Delete to remove it. Please see Section 12.11 on page 133 for more information on services available. Highlight a service from the Available Services box on the left, then click Add>> to add it to the Selected Services box on the right. To remove a service, highlight it in the Selected Services box on the right, then click Remove. Click the Edit Customized Services link to bring up the screen that you use to configure a new custom service that is not in the predefined list of services. Day to Apply Select everyday or the day(s) of the week to apply the rule. Time of Day to Apply (24-Hour Format) Log Select All Day or enter the start and end times in the hour-minute format to apply the rule. Log Packet Detail Information This field determines if a log for packets that match the rule is created (Enable) or not (Disable). Go to the Log Settings page and select the Access Control logs category to have the ZyXEL Device record these logs. Alert Send Alert Message to Administrator When Matched Back Apply Cancel Delete Select the check box to have the ZyXEL Device generate an alert when the rule is matched. Click Back to return to the previous screen. Click Apply to save your customized settings and exit this screen. Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving. Click Delete to remove this firewall rule and return to the Firewall Rule Summary screen. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 127 Chapter 12 Firewall Configuration 12.8 Customized Services Configure customized services and port numbers not predefined by the ZyXEL Device. For a comprehensive list of port numbers and services, visit the IANA (Internet Assigned Number Authority) website. For further information on these services, please read Section 12.11 on page 133. Click the Customized Services link while editing a firewall rule to configure a custom service port. This displays the following screen. Refer to Section 11.1 on page 107 for more information. Figure 55 Firewall: Customized Services The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 45 Customized Services LABEL No. DESCRIPTION This is the number of your customized port. Click a rules number of a service to go to the Firewall Customized Services Config screen to configure or edit a customized service. This is the name of your customized service. This shows the IP protocol (TCP, UDP or TCP/UDP) that defines your customized service. This is the port number or range that defines your customized service. Click Back to return the Firewall Edit Rule screen. Name Protocol Port Back 12.9 Configuring A Customized Service Click a rule number in the Firewall Customized Services screen to create a new custom port or edit an existing one. This action displays the following screen. Refer to Section 11.1 on page 107 for more information. 128 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Figure 56 Firewall: Configure Customized Services Chapter 12 Firewall Configuration The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 46 Firewall: Configure Customized Services LABEL Service Name Service Type DESCRIPTION Type a unique name for your custom port. Choose the IP port (TCP, UDP or TCP/UDP) that defines your customized port from the drop down list box. Port Configuration Type Port Number Back Apply Cancel Delete Click Single to specify one port only or Range to specify a span of ports that define your customized service. Type a single port number or the range of port numbers that define your customized service. Click Back to return to the Firewall Customized Services screen. Click Apply to save your customized settings and exit this screen. Click Cancel to return to the previously saved settings. Click Delete to delete the current rule. 12.10 Example Firewall Rule The following Internet firewall rule example allows a hypothetical My Service connection from the Internet. 1 Click Firewall in the navigation panel and click Rule Summary. 2 Select WAN to LAN in the Packet Direction field. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 129 Chapter 12 Firewall Configuration Figure 57 Firewall Example: Rule Summary 3 In the Rule Summary screen, type the index number for where you want to put the rule. For example, if you type 6, your new rule becomes number 6 and the previous rule 6

(if there is one) becomes rule 7. 4 Click Insert to display the firewall rule configuration screen. 5 Select Any in the Destination Address box and then click Delete. 6 Configure the destination address screen as follows and click Add. Figure 58 Firewall Example: Edit Rule: Destination Address 130 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Chapter 12 Firewall Configuration 7 In the Edit Rule screen, click the Customized Services link to open the Customized Service screen. 8 Click an index number to display the Customized Services -Config screen and configure the screen as follows and click Apply. Figure 59 Edit Custom Port Example 9 In the Edit Rule screen, use the Add>> and Remove buttons between Available Services and Selected Services list boxes to configure it as follows. Click Apply when you are done. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 131 Chapter 12 Firewall Configuration Figure 60 Firewall Example: Edit Rule: Select Customized Services 132 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Chapter 12 Firewall Configuration

Custom ports show up with an * before their names in the Services list box and the Rule Summary list box. Click Apply after youve created your custom port. On completing the configuration procedure for this Internet firewall rule, the Rule Summary screen should look like the following. Rule 2 allows a My Service connection from the WAN to IP addresses 10.0.0.10 through 10.0.0.15 on the LAN. Figure 61 Firewall Example: Rule Summary: My Service 12.11 Predefined Services The Available Services list box in the Edit Rule screen (see Section 12.7.1 on page 125) displays all predefined services that the ZyXEL Device already supports. Next to the name of the service, two fields appear in brackets. The first field indicates the IP protocol type (TCP, UDP, or ICMP). The second field indicates the IP port number that defines the service. (Note that there may be more than one IP protocol type. For example, look at the default configuration labeled (DNS). (UDP/TCP:53) means UDP port 53 and TCP port 53. Up to 128 entries are supported. Custom service ports may also be configured using the Edit Customized Services function discussed previously. See Appendix C on page 231 for a list of common services. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 133 Chapter 12 Firewall Configuration 12.12 Anti-Probing If an outside user attempts to probe an unsupported port on your ZyXEL Device, an ICMP response packet is automatically returned. This allows the outside user to know the ZyXEL Device exists. The ZyXEL Device supports anti-probing, which prevents the ICMP response packet from being sent. This keeps outsiders from discovering your ZyXEL Device when unsupported ports are probed. Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is a message control and error-reporting protocol between a host server and a gateway to the Internet. ICMP uses Internet Protocol (IP) datagrams, but the messages are processed by the TCP/IP software and directly apparent to the application user. Refer to Section 11.1 on page 107 for more information. Click Firewall in the navigation panel and click Anti Probing to display the screen as shown. Figure 62 Firewall: Anti Probing Do not respond to requests for unauthorized services. The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 47 Firewall: Anti Probing LABEL DESCRIPTION The ZyXEL Device does not respond to any incoming Ping requests when Respond to PING Disable is selected. on Select LAN to reply to incoming LAN Ping requests. Select WAN to reply to incoming WAN Ping requests. Otherwise select LAN & WAN to reply to both incoming LAN and WAN Ping requests. Select this option to prevent hackers from finding the ZyXEL Device by probing for unused ports. If you select this option, the ZyXEL Device will not respond to port request(s) for unused ports, thus leaving the unused ports and the ZyXEL Device unseen. By default this option is not selected and the ZyXEL Device will reply with an ICMP Port Unreachable packet for a port probe on its unused UDP ports, and a TCP Reset packet for a port probe on its unused TCP ports. Note that the probing packets must first traverse the ZyXEL Device 's firewall mechanism before reaching this anti-probing mechanism. Therefore if the firewall mechanism blocks a probing packet, the ZyXEL Device reacts based on the firewall policy, which by default, is to send a TCP reset packet for a blocked TCP packet. You can use the command "sys firewall tcprst rst [on|off]" to change this policy. When the firewall mechanism blocks a UDP packet, it drops the packet without sending a response packet. Click Back to return to the previous screen. Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. Back Apply Reset 134 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Chapter 12 Firewall Configuration 12.13 DoS Thresholds For DoS attacks, the ZyXEL Device uses thresholds to determine when to drop sessions that do not become fully established. These thresholds apply globally to all sessions. You can use the default threshold values, or you can change them to values more suitable to your security requirements. Refer to Section 12.13.3 on page 136 to configure thresholds. 12.13.1 Threshold Values Tune these parameters when something is not working and after you have checked the firewall counters. These default values should work fine for most small offices. Factors influencing choices for threshold values are:

The maximum number of opened sessions. The minimum capacity of server backlog in your LAN network. The CPU power of servers in your LAN network. Network bandwidth. Type of traffic for certain servers. If your network is slower than average for any of these factors (especially if you have servers that are slow or handle many tasks and are often busy), then the default values should be reduced. You should make any changes to the threshold values before you continue configuring firewall rules. 12.13.2 Half-Open Sessions An unusually high number of half-open sessions (either an absolute number or measured as the arrival rate) could indicate that a Denial of Service attack is occurring. For TCP, "half-

open" means that the session has not reached the established state-the TCP three-way handshake has not yet been completed (see Figure 47 on page 110). For UDP, "half-open"

means that the firewall has detected no return traffic. The ZyXEL Device measures both the total number of existing half-open sessions and the rate of session establishment attempts. Both TCP and UDP half-open sessions are counted in the total number and rate measurements. Measurements are made once a minute. When the number of existing half-open sessions rises above a threshold (max-incomplete high), the ZyXEL Device starts deleting half-open sessions as required to accommodate new connection requests. The ZyXEL Device continues to delete half-open requests as necessary, until the number of existing half-open sessions drops below another threshold (max-

incomplete low). When the rate of new connection attempts rises above a threshold (one-minute high), the ZyXEL Device starts deleting half-open sessions as required to accommodate new connection requests. The ZyXEL Device continues to delete half-open sessions as necessary, until the rate of new connection attempts drops below another threshold (one-minute low). The rate is the number of new attempts detected in the last one-minute sample period. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 135 Chapter 12 Firewall Configuration 12.13.2.1 TCP Maximum Incomplete and Blocking Time An unusually high number of half-open sessions with the same destination host address could indicate that a Denial of Service attack is being launched against the host. Whenever the number of half-open sessions with the same destination host address rises above a threshold (TCP Maximum Incomplete), the ZyXEL Device starts deleting half-open sessions according to one of the following methods:

If the Blocking Time timeout is 0 (the default), then the ZyXEL Device deletes the oldest existing half-open session for the host for every new connection request to the host. This ensures that the number of half-open sessions to a given host will never exceed the threshold. If the Blocking Time timeout is greater than 0, then the ZyXEL Device blocks all new connection requests to the host giving the server time to handle the present connections. The ZyXEL Device continues to block all new connection requests until the Blocking Time expires. 12.13.3 Configuring Firewall Thresholds The ZyXEL Device also sends alerts whenever TCP Maximum Incomplete is exceeded. The global values specified for the threshold and timeout apply to all TCP connections. Click Firewall, and Threshold to bring up the next screen. Figure 63 Firewall: Threshold The following table describes the labels in this screen. 136 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Chapter 12 Firewall Configuration DEFAULT VALUES 80 existing half-open sessions. 100 half-open sessions per minute. The above numbers cause the ZyXEL Device to start deleting half-open sessions when more than 100 session establishment attempts have been detected in the last minute, and to stop deleting half-open sessions when fewer than 80 session establishment attempts have been detected in the last minute. 80 existing half-open sessions. 100 existing half-open sessions. The above values causes the ZyXEL Device to start deleting half-open sessions when the number of existing half-open sessions rises above 100, and to stop deleting half-open sessions with the number of existing half-

open sessions drops below 80. 30 existing half-open TCP sessions. Table 48 Firewall: Threshold LABEL Denial of Service Thresholds One Minute Low DESCRIPTION One Minute High Maximum Incomplete Low Maximum Incomplete High TCP Maximum Incomplete This is the rate of new half-open sessions that causes the firewall to stop deleting half-

open sessions. The ZyXEL Device continues to delete half-open sessions as necessary, until the rate of new connection attempts drops below this number. This is the rate of new half-open sessions that causes the firewall to start deleting half-

open sessions. When the rate of new connection attempts rises above this number, the ZyXEL Device deletes half-open sessions as required to accommodate new connection attempts. This is the number of existing half-open sessions that causes the firewall to stop deleting half-open sessions. The ZyXEL Device continues to delete half-open requests as necessary, until the number of existing half-open sessions drops below this number. This is the number of existing half-open sessions that causes the firewall to start deleting half-open sessions. When the number of existing half-open sessions rises above this number, the ZyXEL Device deletes half-open sessions as required to accommodate new connection requests. Do not set Maximum Incomplete High to lower than the current Maximum Incomplete Low number. This is the number of existing half-open TCP sessions with the same destination host IP address that causes the firewall to start dropping half-open sessions to that same destination host IP address. Enter a number between 1 and 256. As a general rule, you should choose a smaller number for a smaller network, a slower system or limited bandwidth. Action taken when the TCP Maximum Incomplete threshold is reached. Delete the oldest half open session when new connection request comes Select this radio button to clear the oldest half open session when a new connection request comes. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 137 Chapter 12 Firewall Configuration Table 48 Firewall: Threshold (continued) LABEL Deny new connection request for DEFAULT VALUES DESCRIPTION Select this radio button and specify for how long the ZyXEL Device should block new connection requests when TCP Maximum Incomplete is reached. Enter the length of blocking time in minutes

(between 1 and 256). Click Back to return to the previous screen. Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device. Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh. Back Apply Cancel 138 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide CHAPTER 13 Content Filtering This chapter covers how to configure content filtering. 13.1 Content Filtering Overview Internet content filtering allows you to create and enforce Internet access policies tailored to your needs. Content filtering gives you the ability to block web sites that contain key words

(that you specify) in the URL. You can set a schedule for when the ZyXEL Device performs content filtering. You can also specify trusted IP addresses on the LAN for which the ZyXEL Device will not perform content filtering. 13.2 The Main Content Filter Screen Click Content Filter to display the main Content Filtering screen. Figure 64 Content Filtering The following table describes the links in this screen. Table 49 Content Filter > Functions LINK Keyword DESCRIPTION Click this link to display a screen where you can configure your ZyXEL Device to block Web sites containing keywords in their URLs, Click this link to display a screen where you can set the days and times for the ZyXEL Device to perform content filtering, Click this link to display a screen where you can exclude a range of users on the LAN from content filtering on your ZyXEL Device Schedule Trusted P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 139 Chapter 13 Content Filtering 13.3 Configuring Keyword Blocking Use this screen to block sites containing certain keywords in the URL. For example, if you enable the keyword "bad", the ZyXEL Device blocks all sites containing this keyword including the URL http://www.website.com/bad.html, even if it is not included in the Filter List. To have your ZyXEL Device block Web sites containing keywords in their URLs, click Content Filter and Keyword. The screen appears as shown. Figure 65 Content Filter: Keyword The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 50 Content Filter: Keyword LABEL Enable Keyword Blocking Block Websites that contain these keywords in the URL:

Delete Clear All Keyword DESCRIPTION Select this check box to enable this feature. This box contains the list of all the keywords that you have configured the ZyXEL Device to block. Highlight a keyword in the box and click Delete to remove it. Click Clear All to remove all of the keywords from the list. Type a keyword in this field. You may use any character (up to 127 characters). Wildcards are not allowed. Click Add Keyword after you have typed a keyword. Repeat this procedure to add other keywords. Up to 64 keywords are allowed. When you try to access a web page containing a keyword, you will get a message telling you that the content filter is blocking this request. Click Back to return to the previous screen. Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device. Click Cancel to return to the previously saved settings. Add Keyword Back Apply Cancel 140 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Chapter 13 Content Filtering 13.4 Configuring the Schedule To set the days and times for the ZyXEL Device to perform content filtering, click Content Filter and Schedule. The screen appears as shown. Figure 66 Content Filter: Schedule The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 51 Content Filter: Schedule LABEL Days to Block: Select a check box to configure which days of the week (or everyday) you want the DESCRIPTION Time of Day to Block:

Back Apply Cancel content filtering to be active. Use the 24 hour format to configure which time of the day (or select the All day check box) you want the content filtering to be active. Click Back to return to the previous screen. Click Apply to save your changes. Click Cancel to return to the previously saved settings. 13.5 Configuring Trusted Computers To exclude a range of users on the LAN from content filtering on your ZyXEL Device, click Content Filter and Trusted. The screen appears as shown. Figure 67 Content Filter: Trusted P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 141 Chapter 13 Content Filtering The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 52 Content Filter: Trusted LABEL Trusted User IP Range From DESCRIPTION Type the IP address of a computer (or the beginning IP address of a specific range of computers) on the LAN that you want to exclude from content filtering. Type the ending IP address of a specific range of users on your LAN that you want to exclude from content filtering. Leave this field blank if you want to exclude an individual computer. Click Back to return to the previous screen. Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device. Click Cancel to return to the previously saved settings. To Back Apply Cancel 142 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide CHAPTER 14 Remote Management Configuration This chapter provides information on configuring remote management. 14.1 Remote Management Overview Remote management allows you to determine which services/protocols can access which ZyXEL Device interface (if any) from which computers. When you configure remote management to allow management from the WAN, you still need to configure a firewall rule to allow access. You may manage your ZyXEL Device from a remote location via:

Internet (WAN only) ALL (LAN and WAN) LAN only, Neither (Disable). When you Choose WAN only or ALL (LAN & WAN), you still need to configure a firewall rule to allow access. To disable remote management of a service, select Disable in the corresponding Server Access field. You may only have one remote management session running at a time. The ZyXEL Device automatically disconnects a remote management session of lower priority when another remote management session of higher priority starts. The priorities for the different types of remote management sessions are as follows. 1 Telnet 2 HTTP 14.1.1 Remote Management Limitations Remote management over LAN or WAN will not work when:

You have disabled that service in one of the remote management screens. The IP address in the Secured Client IP field does not match the client IP address. If it does not match, the ZyXEL Device will disconnect the session immediately. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 143 Chapter 14 Remote Management Configuration There is already another remote management session with an equal or higher priority running. You may only have one remote management session running at one time. There is a firewall rule that blocks it. 14.1.2 Remote Management and NAT When NAT is enabled:

Use the ZyXEL Devices WAN IP address when configuring from the WAN. Use the ZyXEL Devices LAN IP address when configuring from the LAN. 14.1.3 System Timeout There is a default system management idle timeout of five minutes (three hundred seconds). The ZyXEL Device automatically logs you out if the management session remains idle for longer than this timeout period. The management session does not time out when a statistics screen is polling. 14.2 Telnet You can configure your ZyXEL Device for remote Telnet access as shown next. Figure 68 Telnet Configuration on a TCP/IP Network 14.3 FTP You can upload and download ZyXEL Device firmware and configuration files using FTP. To use this feature, your computer must have an FTP client. 144 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Chapter 14 Remote Management Configuration 14.4 Web You can use the ZyXEL Devices embedded web configurator for configuration and file management. See the online help for details. 14.5 Configuring Remote Management Click Remote Management to open the following screen. See Section 14.1 on page 143 for more information. Figure 69 Remote Management Access Status Port The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 53 Remote Management LABEL DESCRIPTION Each of these labels denotes a service that you may use to remotely manage the Server Type ZyXEL Device. Select the access interface. Choices are All, LAN Only, WAN Only and Disable. This field shows the port number for the remote management service. You may change the port number for a service in this field, but you must use the same port number to use that service for remote management. The default 0.0.0.0 allows any client to use this service to remotely manage the ZyXEL Device. Type an IP address to restrict access to a client with a matching IP address. Click Apply to save your settings back to the ZyXEL Device. Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh. Secured Client IP Apply Cancel P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 145 Chapter 14 Remote Management Configuration 146 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 15 CHAPTER Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) This chapter introduces the UPnP feature in the web configurator. 15.1 Introducing Universal Plug and Play Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) is a distributed, open networking standard that uses TCP/IP for simple peer-to-peer network connectivity between devices. A UPnP device can dynamically join a network, obtain an IP address, convey its capabilities and learn about other devices on the network. In turn, a device can leave a network smoothly and automatically when it is no longer in use. See Section 15.2.1 on page 148 for configuration instructions. 15.1.1 How do I know if I'm using UPnP?

UPnP hardware is identified as an icon in the Network Connections folder (Windows XP). Each UPnP compatible device installed on your network will appear as a separate icon. Selecting the icon of a UPnP device will allow you to access the information and properties of that device. 15.1.2 NAT Traversal UPnP NAT traversal automates the process of allowing an application to operate through NAT. UPnP network devices can automatically configure network addressing, announce their presence in the network to other UPnP devices and enable exchange of simple product and service descriptions. NAT traversal allows the following:

Dynamic port mapping Learning public IP addresses Assigning lease times to mappings Windows Messenger is an example of an application that supports NAT traversal and UPnP. See the NAT chapter for more information on NAT. 15.1.3 Cautions with UPnP The automated nature of NAT traversal applications in establishing their own services and opening firewall ports may present network security issues. Network information and configuration may also be obtained and modified by users in some network environments. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 147 Chapter 15 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) All UPnP-enabled devices may communicate freely with each other without additional configuration. Disable UPnP if this is not your intention. 15.2 UPnP and ZyXEL ZyXEL has achieved UPnP certification from the Universal Plug and Play Forum Creates UPnP Implementers Corp. (UIC). ZyXEL's UPnP implementation supports IGD 1.0

(Internet Gateway Device). At the time of writing ZyXEL's UPnP implementation supports Windows Messenger 4.6 and 4.7 while Windows Messenger 5.0 and Xbox are still being tested. UPnP broadcasts are only allowed on the LAN. See later sections for examples of installing UPnP in Windows XP and Windows Me as well as an example of using UPnP in Windows. 15.2.1 Configuring UPnP From the Site Map in the main menu, click UPnP under Advanced Setup to display the screen shown next. See Section 15.1 on page 147 for more information. Figure 70 Configuring UPnP The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 54 Configuring UPnP LABEL Enable the Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) Service Allow users to make configuration changes through UPnP DESCRIPTION Select this check box to activate UPnP. Be aware that anyone could use a UPnP application to open the web configurator's login screen without entering the ZyXEL Device's IP address (although you must still enter the password to access the web configurator). Select this check box to allow UPnP-enabled applications to automatically configure the ZyXEL Device so that they can communicate through the ZyXEL Device, for example by using NAT traversal, UPnP applications automatically reserve a NAT forwarding port in order to communicate with another UPnP enabled device; this eliminates the need to manually configure port forwarding for the UPnP enabled application. 148 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Chapter 15 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) Table 54 Configuring UPnP LABEL Allow UPnP to pass through Firewall Apply Cancel DESCRIPTION Select this check box to allow traffic from UPnP-enabled applications to bypass the firewall. Clear this check box to have the firewall block all UPnP application packets (for example, MSN packets). Click Apply to save the setting to the ZyXEL Device. Click Cancel to return to the previously saved settings. 15.3 Installing UPnP in Windows Example This section shows how to install UPnP in Windows Me and Windows XP. Installing UPnP in Windows Me Follow the steps below to install the UPnP in Windows Me. 1 Click Start and Control Panel. Double-click Add/Remove Programs. 2 Click on the Windows Setup tab and select Communication in the Components selection box. Click Details. Figure 71 Add/Remove Programs: Windows Setup: Communication 3 In the Communications window, select the Universal Plug and Play check box in the Components selection box. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 149 Chapter 15 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) Figure 72 Add/Remove Programs: Windows Setup: Communication: Components 4 Click OK to go back to the Add/Remove Programs Properties window and click Next. 5 Restart the computer when prompted. Installing UPnP in Windows XP Follow the steps below to install the UPnP in Windows XP. 1 Click Start and Control Panel. 2 Double-click Network Connections. 3 In the Network Connections window, click Advanced in the main menu and select Optional Networking Components . Figure 73 Network Connections 4 The Windows Optional Networking Components Wizard window displays. Select Networking Service in the Components selection box and click Details. 150 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Figure 74 Windows Optional Networking Components Wizard Chapter 15 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 5 In the Networking Services window, select the Universal Plug and Play check box. Figure 75 Networking Services P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 151 Chapter 15 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 6 Click OK to go back to the Windows Optional Networking Component Wizard window and click Next. 15.4 Using UPnP in Windows XP Example This section shows you how to use the UPnP feature in Windows XP. You must already have UPnP installed in Windows XP and UPnP activated on the ZyXEL Device. Make sure the computer is connected to a LAN port of the ZyXEL Device. Turn on your computer and the ZyXEL Device. Auto-discover Your UPnP-enabled Network Device 1 Click Start and Control Panel. Double-click Network Connections. An icon displays under Internet Gateway. 2 Right-click the icon and select Properties. Figure 76 Network Connections 3 In the Internet Connection Properties window, click Settings to see the port mappings there were automatically created. 152 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Figure 77 Internet Connection Properties Chapter 15 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 4 You may edit or delete the port mappings or click Add to manually add port mappings. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 153 Chapter 15 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) Figure 78 Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings Figure 79 Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings: Add 5 When the UPnP-enabled device is disconnected from your computer, all port mappings 6 Select Show icon in notification area when connected option and click OK. An icon will be deleted automatically. displays in the system tray. 154 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Figure 80 System Tray Icon Chapter 15 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 7 Double-click on the icon to display your current Internet connection status. Figure 81 Internet Connection Status Web Configurator Easy Access With UPnP, you can access the web-based configurator on the ZyXEL Device without finding out the IP address of the ZyXEL Device first. This comes helpful if you do not know the IP address of the ZyXEL Device. Follow the steps below to access the web configurator. 1 Click Start and then Control Panel. 2 Double-click Network Connections. 3 Select My Network Places under Other Places. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 155 Chapter 15 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) Figure 82 Network Connections 4 An icon with the description for each UPnP-enabled device displays under Local 5 Right-click on the icon for your ZyXEL Device and select Invoke. The web configurator Network. login screen displays. 156 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Figure 83 Network Connections: My Network Places Chapter 15 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 6 Right-click on the icon for your ZyXEL Device and select Properties. A properties window displays with basic information about the ZyXEL Device. Figure 84 Network Connections: My Network Places: Properties: Example P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 157 Chapter 15 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 158 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide CHAPTER 16 Logs Screens This chapter contains information about configuring general log settings and viewing the ZyXEL Devices logs. Refer to the appendix for example log message explanations. 16.1 Logs Overview The web configurator allows you to choose which categories of events and/or alerts to have the ZyXEL Device log and then display the logs or have the ZyXEL Device send them to an administrator (as e-mail) or to a syslog server. 16.1.1 Alerts and Logs An alert is a type of log that warrants more serious attention. They include system errors, attacks (access control) and attempted access to blocked web sites. Some categories such as System Errors consist of both logs and alerts. You may differentiate them by their color in the View Log screen. Alerts display in red and logs display in black. 16.2 Configuring Log Settings Use the Log Settings screen to configure to where the ZyXEL Device is to send logs; the schedule for when the ZyXEL Device is to send the logs and which logs and/or immediate alerts the ZyXEL Device is to record. See Section 16.1 on page 159 for more information. To change your ZyXEL Devices log settings, click Logs, then the Log Settings. The screen appears as shown. Alerts are e-mailed as soon as they happen. Logs may be e-mailed as soon as the log is full. Selecting many alert and/or log categories (especially Access Control) may result in many e-

mails being sent. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 159 Chapter 16 Logs Screens Figure 85 Log Settings The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 55 Log Settings LABEL Address Info Mail Server DESCRIPTION Enter the server name or the IP address of the mail server for the e-mail addresses specified below. If this field is left blank, logs and alert messages will not be sent via e-mail. Type a title that you want to be in the subject line of the log e-mail message that the ZyXEL Device sends. Logs are sent to the e-mail address specified in this field. If this field is left blank, logs will not be sent via e-mail. Alerts are sent to the e-mail address specified in this field. If this field is left blank, alerts will not be sent via e-mail. Syslog logging sends a log to an external syslog server used to store logs. Mail Subject Send log to Send alerts to UNIX Syslog 160 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Chapter 16 Logs Screens Table 55 Log Settings LABEL Active Syslog IP Address Log Facility DESCRIPTION Click Active to enable syslog logging. Enter the server name or IP address of the syslog server that will log the selected categories of logs. Select a location from the drop down list box. The log facility allows you to log the messages to different files in the syslog server. Refer to the documentation of your syslog program for more details. Send Log Log Schedule Day for Sending Log Time for Sending Log Log Send Immediate Alert Back Apply Cancel This drop-down menu is used to configure the frequency of log messages being sent as E-mail:

Daily Weekly Hourly When Log is Full None. If you select Weekly or Daily, specify a time of day when the E-mail should be sent. If you select Weekly, then also specify which day of the week the E-mail should be sent. If you select When Log is Full, an alert is sent when the log fills up. If you select None, no log messages are sent Use the drop down list box to select which day of the week to send the logs. Enter the time of the day in 24-hour format (for example 23:00 equals 11:00 pm) to send the logs. Select the categories of logs that you want to record. Logs include alerts. Select the categories of alerts for which you want the ZyXEL Device to instantly e-

mail alerts to the e-mail address specified in the Send Alerts To field. Click Back to return to the previous screen. Click Apply to save your customized settings and exit this screen. Click Cancel to return to the previously saved settings. 16.3 Displaying the Logs Click Logs and then View Log to open the View Logs screen. Use the View Logs screen to see the logs for the categories that you selected in the Log Settings screen (see Section 16.2 on page 159). Log entries in red indicate alerts. The log wraps around and deletes the old entries after it fills. Click a column heading to sort the entries. A triangle indicates ascending or descending sort order. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 161 Chapter 16 Logs Screens Figure 86 View Logs The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 56 View Logs LABEL Display Time Message Source Destination DESCRIPTION The categories that you select in the Log Settings screen display in the drop-down list box. Select a category of logs to view; select All Logs to view logs from all of the log categories that you selected in the Log Settings page. This field displays the time the log was recorded. This field states the reason for the log. This field lists the source IP address and the port number of the incoming packet. This field lists the destination IP address and the port number of the incoming packet. This field displays additional information about the log entry. Click Back to return to the previous screen Notes Back Email Log Now Click Email Log Now to send the log screen to the e-mail address specified in the Log Settings page (make sure that you have first filled in the Address Info fields in Log Settings). Click Refresh to renew the log screen. Click Clear Log to delete all the logs. Refresh Clear Log 16.3.1 Example E-mail Log An "End of Log" message displays for each mail in which a complete log has been sent. The following is an example of a log sent by e-mail. You may edit the subject title. The date format here is Day-Month-Year. The date format here is Month-Day-Year. The time format is Hour-Minute-Second.

"End of Log" message shows that a complete log has been sent. 162 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Chapter 16 Logs Screens Figure 87 E-mail Log Example Subject:

Firewall Alert From ZyXEL Device Date:

Fri, 07 Apr 2000 10:05:42 From:

user@zyxel.com To:

user@zyxel.com 1|Apr 7 00 |From:192.168.1.1 To:192.168.1.255 |default policy |forward

| 09:54:03 |UDP src port:00520 dest port:00520 |<1,00> |

2|Apr 7 00 |From:192.168.1.131 To:192.168.1.255 |default policy |forward

| 09:54:17 |UDP src port:00520 dest port:00520 |<1,00> |

3|Apr 7 00 |From:192.168.1.6 To:10.10.10.10 |match |forward

| 09:54:19 |UDP src port:03516 dest port:00053 |<1,01> |

..{snip}.. .{snip}.. 126|Apr 7 00 |From:192.168.1.1 To:192.168.1.255 |match |forward

| 10:05:00 |UDP src port:00520 dest port:00520 |<1,02> |

127|Apr 7 00 |From:192.168.1.131 To:192.168.1.255 |match |forward

| 10:05:17 |UDP src port:00520 dest port:00520 |<1,02> |

128|Apr 7 00 |From:192.168.1.1 To:192.168.1.255 |match |forward

| 10:05:30 |UDP src port:00520 dest port:00520 |<1,02> |

End of Firewall Log P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 163 Chapter 16 Logs Screens 164 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 17 CHAPTER Media Bandwidth Management Advanced Setup This chapter describes bandwidth management with one level of child class. 17.1 Media Bandwidth Management Overview Bandwidth management allows you to allocate an interfaces outgoing capacity to specific types of traffic. It can also help you make sure that the ZyXEL Device forwards certain types of traffic (especially real-time applications) with minimum delay. With the use of real-time applications such as Voice-over-IP (VoIP) increasing, the requirement for bandwidth allocation is also increasing. Bandwidth management addresses questions such as:

Who gets how much access to specific applications?

What priority level should you give to each type of traffic?

Which traffic must have guaranteed delivery?

How much bandwidth should be allotted to guarantee delivery?

Bandwidth management also allows you to configure the allowed output for an interface to match what the network can handle. This helps reduce delays and dropped packets at the next routing device. For example, you can set the WAN interface speed to 1000kbps if the ADSL connection has an upstream speed of 1Mbps. All configuration screens display measurements in kbps (kilobits per second), but this Users Guide also uses Mbps (megabits per second) for brevitys sake. Refer to Section 17.9 on page 171 to enable and configure bandwidth on the interfaces. Refer to Section 17.10 on page 172 to configure bandwidth classes. Refer to Section 17.11 on page 177 to view bandwidth usage information. 17.2 Bandwidth Classes and Filters Use bandwidth classes and child-classes to allocate specific amounts of bandwidth capacity

(bandwidth budgets). Configure a bandwidth filter to define a bandwidth class (or child-class) based on a specific application and/or subnet. Use the Class Configuration screen (see Section 17.10 on page 172) to set up a bandwidth classs name, bandwidth allotment, and bandwidth filter. You can configure up to one bandwidth filter per bandwidth class. You can P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 165 Chapter 17 Media Bandwidth Management Advanced Setup also configure bandwidth classes without bandwidth filters. However, it is recommended that you configure child-classes with filters for any classes that you configure without filters. The ZyXEL Device leaves the bandwidth budget allocated and unused for a class that does not have a filter itself or child-classes with filters. View your configured bandwidth classes and child-classes in the Class Setup screen (see Section 17.10 on page 172 for details). The total of the configured bandwidth budgets for child-classes cannot exceed the configured bandwidth budget speed of the parent class. 17.3 Proportional Bandwidth Allocation Bandwidth management allows you to define how much bandwidth each class gets; however, the actual bandwidth allotted to each class decreases or increases in proportion to actual available bandwidth. 17.4 Bandwidth Management Usage Examples These examples show bandwidth management allotments on a WAN interface that is configured for 640Kbps. 17.4.1 Application-based Bandwidth Management Example The bandwidth classes in the following example are based solely on application. Each bandwidth class (VoIP, Web, FTP, E-mail and Video) is allotted 128kbps. Figure 88 Application-based Bandwidth Management Example 17.4.2 Subnet-based Bandwidth Management Example The following example uses bandwidth classes based solely on LAN subnets. Each bandwidth class (Subnet A and Subnet B) is allotted 320kbps. 166 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Chapter 17 Media Bandwidth Management Advanced Setup Figure 89 Subnet-based Bandwidth Management Example 17.4.3 Application and Subnet-based Bandwidth Management Example The following example uses bandwidth classes based on LAN subnets and applications

(specific applications in each subnet are allotted bandwidth). Table 57 Application and Subnet-based Bandwidth Management Example TRAFFIC TYPE VoIP Web FTP E-mail Video FROM SUBNET B 64 kbps 64 kbps 64 kbps 64 kbps 64 kbps FROM SUBNET A 64 kbps 64 kbps 64 kbps 64 kbps 64 kbps Figure 90 Application and Subnet-based Bandwidth Management Example 17.5 Scheduler The scheduler divides up an interfaces bandwidth among the bandwidth classes. The ZyXEL Device has two types of scheduler: fairness-based and priority-based. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 167 Chapter 17 Media Bandwidth Management Advanced Setup 17.5.1 Priority-based Scheduler With the priority-based scheduler, the ZyXEL Device forwards traffic from bandwidth classes according to the priorities that you assign to the bandwidth classes. The larger a bandwidth classs priority number is, the higher the priority. Assign real-time applications (like those using audio or video) a higher priority number to provide smoother operation. 17.5.2 Fairness-based Scheduler The ZyXEL Device divides bandwidth equally among bandwidth classes when using the fairness-based scheduler; thus preventing one bandwidth class from using all of the interfaces bandwidth. 17.6 Maximize Bandwidth Usage The maximize bandwidth usage option (see Section 17.7.1 on page 170) allows the ZyXEL Device to divide up any available bandwidth on the interface (including unallocated bandwidth and any allocated bandwidth that a class is not using) among the bandwidth classes that require more bandwidth. When you enable maximize bandwidth usage, the ZyXEL Device first makes sure that each bandwidth class gets up to its bandwidth allotment. Next, the ZyXEL Device divides up an interfaces available bandwidth (bandwidth that is unbudgeted or unused by the classes) depending on how many bandwidth classes require more bandwidth and on their priority levels. When only one class requires more bandwidth, the ZyXEL Device gives extra bandwidth to that class. When multiple classes require more bandwidth, the ZyXEL Device gives the highest priority classes the available bandwidth first (as much as they require, if there is enough available bandwidth), and then to lower priority classes if there is still bandwidth available. The ZyXEL Device distributes the available bandwidth equally among classes with the same priority level. 17.6.1 Reserving Bandwidth for Non-Bandwidth Class Traffic Do the following three steps to configure the ZyXEL Device to allow bandwidth for traffic that is not defined in a bandwidth filter. 1 Leave some of the interfaces bandwidth unbudgeted. 2 Do not enable the interfaces Maximize Bandwidth Usage option. 3 Do not enable bandwidth borrowing on the child-classes that have the root class as their parent (see Section 17.7 on page 170). 17.6.2 Maximize Bandwidth Usage Example Here is an example of a ZyXEL Device that has maximized bandwidth usage enabled on an interface. The first figure shows each bandwidth classs bandwidth budget and priority. The classes are set up based on subnets. The interface is set to 10 Mbps. Each subnet is allocated 2 Mbps. The unbudgeted 2 Mbps allows traffic not defined in one of the bandwidth filters to go out when you do not select the maximize bandwidth option. 168 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Chapter 17 Media Bandwidth Management Advanced Setup Figure 91 Bandwidth Allotment Example The following figure shows the bandwidth usage with the maximize bandwidth usage option enabled. The ZyXEL Device divides up the unbudgeted 2 Mbps among the classes that require more bandwidth. If the administration department only uses 1 Mbps of the budgeted 2 Mbps, the ZyXEL Device also divides the remaining 1 Mbps among the classes that require more bandwidth. Therefore, the ZyXEL Device divides a total of 3 Mbps total of unbudgeted and unused bandwidth among the classes that require more bandwidth. In this case, suppose that all of the classes except for the administration class need more bandwidth. Each class gets up to its budgeted bandwidth. The administration class only uses 1 Mbps of its budgeted 2 Mbps. Sales and Marketing are first to get extra bandwidth because they have the highest priority

(6). If they each require 1.5 Mbps or more of extra bandwidth, the ZyXEL Device divides the total 3 Mbps total of unbudgeted and unused bandwidth equally between the sales and marketing departments (1.5 Mbps extra to each for a total of 3.5 Mbps for each) because they both have the highest priority level. R&D requires more bandwidth but only gets its budgeted 2 Mbps because all of the unbudgeted and unused bandwidth goes to the higher priority sales and marketing classes. The ZyXEL Device does not send any traffic that is not defined in the bandwidth filters because all of the unbudgeted bandwidth goes to the classes that need it. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 169 Chapter 17 Media Bandwidth Management Advanced Setup Figure 92 Maximize Bandwidth Usage Example 17.7 Bandwidth Borrowing Bandwidth borrowing allows a child-class to borrow unused bandwidth from its parent class, whereas maximize bandwidth usage allows bandwidth classes to borrow any unused or unbudgeted bandwidth on the whole interface. Enable bandwidth borrowing on a child-class to allow the child-class to use its parent classs unused bandwidth. A parent classs unused bandwidth is given to the highest-priority child-

class that has bandwidth borrowing configured, first. The total of the bandwidth allotments for child-classes cannot exceed the bandwidth allotment of their parent class. The ZyXEL Device uses the scheduler to divide a parent classs unused bandwidth among the child-classes. 17.7.1 Maximize Bandwidth Usage With Bandwidth Borrowing If you configure both maximize bandwidth usage (on the interface) and bandwidth borrowing

(on individual child-classes), the ZyXEL Device functions as follows. 1 The ZyXEL Device sends traffic according to each bandwidth classs bandwidth budget. 2 The ZyXEL Device assigns a parent classs unused bandwidth to its child-classes that have more traffic than their budgets and have bandwidth borrowing enabled. The ZyXEL Device gives priority to bandwidth child-classes of higher priority and treats bandwidth classes of the same priority equally. 3 The ZyXEL Device assigns any remaining unused or unbudgeted bandwidth on the interface to any bandwidth class that requires it. The ZyXEL Device gives priority to bandwidth classes of higher priority and treats bandwidth classes of the same level equally. 4 The ZyXEL Device assigns any remaining unbudgeted bandwidth to traffic that does not match any of the bandwidth classes. 170 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Chapter 17 Media Bandwidth Management Advanced Setup 17.8 The Main Media Bandwidth Management Screen Click Media Bandwidth Mgnt. to display the main Media Bandwidth Management screen as shown. Figure 93 Media Bandwidth Mgnt. The following table describes the links in this screen. Table 58 Media Bandwidth Mgnt. LINK Summary DESCRIPTION Click this link to display a screen where you can enable bandwidth management on an interface and set the maximum allowed bandwidth for that interface. Click this link to display a screen where you can configure bandwidth classes. Click this link to display a screen where you can view bandwidth usage. Class Setup Monitor 17.9 Configuring Summary Click Media Bandwidth Management, Summary to open the screen as shown next. Enable bandwidth management on an interface and set the maximum allowed bandwidth for that interface. Refer to Section 17.1 on page 165 for more information. Figure 94 Media Bandwidth Management: Summary P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 171 Chapter 17 Media Bandwidth Management Advanced Setup The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 59 Media Bandwidth Management: Summary LABEL LAN WLAN WAN DESCRIPTION These read-only labels represent the physical interfaces. Select an interfaces check box to enable bandwidth management on that interface. Bandwidth management applies to all traffic flowing out of the router through the interface, regardless of the traffics source. Traffic redirect or IP alias may cause LAN-to-LAN traffic to pass through the ZyXEL Device and be managed by bandwidth management. Select an interfaces check box to enable bandwidth management on that interface. Active Speed (kbps) Enter the amount of bandwidth for this interface that you want to allocate using bandwidth management. This appears as the bandwidth budget of the interfaces root class. The recommendation is to set this speed to match what the interfaces connection can handle. For example, set the WAN interface speed to 10000 kbps if the ADSL connection has an upstream speed of 10Mbps. Select either Priority-Based or Fairness-Based from the drop-down menu to control the traffic flow. Select Priority-Based to give preference to bandwidth classes with higher priorities. Select Fairness-Based to treat all bandwidth classes equally. Select this check box to have the ZyXEL Device divide up all of the interfaces unallocated and/or unused bandwidth among the bandwidth classes that require bandwidth. Do not select this if you want to reserve bandwidth for traffic that does not match a bandwidth class or you want to limit the speed of this interface (see the Speed field description). Click Back to go to the main Media Bandwidth Management screen. Click Apply to save your settings back to the ZyXEL Device. Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh. Scheduler Maximize Bandwidth Usage Back Apply Cancel 17.10 Configuring Class Setup The class setup screen displays the configured bandwidth classes by individual interface. Select an interface and click the buttons to perform the actions described next. Click + to expand the class tree or click -to collapse the class tree. Each interface has a permanent root class. The bandwidth budget of the root class is equal to the speed you configured on the interface (see Section 17.9 on page 171 to configure the speed of the interface). Configure child-class layers for the root class. Refer to Section 17.1 on page 165 for more information. To add or delete child classes on an interface, click Media Bandwidth Management, then Class Setup. The screen appears as shown (with example classes). 172 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Chapter 17 Media Bandwidth Management Advanced Setup Figure 95 Media Bandwidth Management: Class Setup The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 60 Media Bandwidth Management: Class Setup LABEL Interface Back Add Child-Class Edit Delete DESCRIPTION Select an interface from the drop-down list box for which you wish to set up classes. Click Back to go to the main Media Bandwidth Management screen. Click Add Child-class to add a sub-class. Click Edit to configure the selected class. You cannot edit the root class. Click Delete to delete the class and all its child-classes. You cannot delete the root class. Click Statistics to display the status of the selected class. Statistics 17.10.1 Media Bandwidth Management Class Configuration Configure a bandwidth management class in the Class Configuration screen. You must use the Media Bandwidth Management - Summary screen to enable bandwidth management on an interface before you can configure classes for that interface. Refer to Section 17.1 on page 165 for more information. To add a child class, click Media Bandwidth Management, then Class Setup. Click the Add Child-Class button to open the following screen. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 173 Chapter 17 Media Bandwidth Management Advanced Setup Figure 96 Media Bandwidth Management: Class Configuration The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 61 Media Bandwidth Management: Class Configuration LABEL Class Name BW Budget (kbps) Priority Borrow bandwidth from parent class DESCRIPTION Use the auto-generated name or enter a descriptive name of up to 20 alphanumeric characters, including spaces. Specify the maximum bandwidth allowed for the class in kbps. The recommendation is a setting between 20 kbps and 20000 kbps for an individual class. Enter a number between 0 and 7 to set the priority of this class. The higher the number, the higher the priority. The default setting is 3. Select this option to allow a child-class to borrow bandwidth from its parent class if the parent class is not using up its bandwidth budget. Bandwidth borrowing is governed by the priority of the child-classes. That is, a child-class with the highest priority (7) is the first to borrow bandwidth from its parent class. Do not select this for the classes directly below the root class if you want to leave bandwidth available for other traffic types or you want to set the interfaces speed to match what the next device in network can handle (see the Speed field description in the Summary screen). Bandwidth Filter The ZyXEL Device uses a bandwidth filter to identify the traffic that belongs to a bandwidth class. Active Select the check box to have the ZyXEL Device use this bandwidth filter when it performs bandwidth management. 174 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Chapter 17 Media Bandwidth Management Advanced Setup Table 61 Media Bandwidth Management: Class Configuration (continued) LABEL Service DESCRIPTION You can select a predefined service instead of configuring the Destination Port, Source Port and Protocol ID fields. SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) is a signaling protocol used in Internet telephony, instant messaging and other VoIP (Voice over IP) applications. Select SIP from the drop-down list box to configure this bandwidth filter for traffic that uses SIP. File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is an Internet file transfer service that operates on the Internet and over TCP/IP networks. A system running the FTP server accepts commands from a system running an FTP client. The service allows users to send commands to the server for uploading and downloading files. Select FTP from the drop-down list box to configure this bandwidth filter for FTP traffic. H.323 is a standard teleconferencing protocol suite that provides audio, data and video conferencing. It allows for real-time point-to-point and multipoint communication between client computers over a packet-based network that does not provide a guaranteed quality of service. Select H.323 from the drop-

down list box to configure this bandwidth filter for traffic that uses H.323. When you select None, the bandwidth class applies to all services unless you specify one by configuring the Destination Port, Source Port and Protocol ID fields. Enter the destination IP address in dotted decimal notation. A blank destination IP address means any destination IP address. Enter the destination subnet mask. This field is N/A if you do not specify a Destination IP Address. Refer to the appendix for more information on IP subnetting. Enter the port number of the destination. A blank destination port means any destination port. address. Enter the source subnet mask. This field is N/A if you do not specify a Source IP Address. Refer to the appendix for more information on IP subnetting. Enter the port number of the source. See the following table for some common services and port numbers. A blank source port means any source port number. Enter the protocol ID (service type) number, for example: 1 for ICMP, 6 for TCP or 17 for UDP. A blank protocol ID means any protocol number. Click Back to go to the main Media Bandwidth Management screen. Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device. Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh. Destination IP Address Destination Subnet Mask Destination Port Source Subnet Mask Source Port Protocol ID Back Apply Cancel Source IP Address Enter the source IP address. A blank source IP address means any source IP Table 62 Services and Port Numbers SERVICES ECHO FTP (File Transfer Protocol) SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) DNS (Domain Name System) Finger HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer protocol or WWW, Web) POP3 (Post Office Protocol) PORT NUMBER 7 21 25 53 79 80 110 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 175 Chapter 17 Media Bandwidth Management Advanced Setup Table 62 Services and Port Numbers SERVICES NNTP (Network News Transport Protocol) SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) SNMP trap PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) PORT NUMBER 119 161 162 1723 17.10.2 Media Bandwidth Management Statistics Use the Media Bandwidth Management Statistics screen to view network performance information. Click the Statistics button in the Class Setup screen to open the Statistics screen. Figure 97 Media Bandwidth Management Statistics DESCRIPTION This field displays the name of the class the statistics page is showing. This field displays the amount of bandwidth allocated to the class. This field displays the total number of packets transmitted. This field displays the total number of bytes transmitted. This field displays the total number of packets dropped. This field displays the total number of bytes dropped. The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 63 Media Bandwidth Management Statistics LABEL Class Name Budget (kbps) Tx Packets Tx Bytes Dropped Packets Dropped Bytes Bandwidth Statistics for the Past 8 Seconds (t-8 to t-1) This field displays the bandwidth statistics (in bps) for the past one to eight seconds. For example, t-1 means one second ago. Update Period

(seconds) Set Interval Enter the time interval in seconds to define how often the information should be refreshed. Click Set Interval to apply the new update period you entered in the Update Period field above. Click Stop Update to stop the browser from refreshing bandwidth management statistics. Click Clear Counter to clear all of the bandwidth management statistics. Stop Update Clear Counter 176 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Chapter 17 Media Bandwidth Management Advanced Setup 17.11 Bandwidth Monitor To view the ZyXEL Devices bandwidth usage and allotments, click Media Bandwidth Management, then Monitor. The screen appears as shown. Figure 98 Media Bandwidth Management: Monitor The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 64 Media Bandwidth Management: Monitor LABEL Interface DESCRIPTION Select an interface from the drop-down list box to view the bandwidth usage of its bandwidth classes. This field displays the name of the class. This field displays the amount of bandwidth allocated to the class. Class Name Budget (kbps) Current Usage (kbps) This field displays the amount of bandwidth that each class is using. Back Refresh Click Back to go to the main Media Bandwidth Management screen. Click Refresh to update the page. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 177 Chapter 17 Media Bandwidth Management Advanced Setup 178 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide PART IV Maintenance Maintenance (181) 179 180 CHAPTER 18 Maintenance This chapter displays system information such as ZyNOS firmware, port IP addresses and port traffic statistics. 18.1 Maintenance Overview The maintenance screens can help you view system information, upload new firmware, manage configuration and restart your ZyXEL Device. 18.2 System Status Screen Click System Status under Maintenance to open the following screen, where you can use to monitor your ZyXEL Device. Note that these fields are READ-ONLY and only for diagnostic purposes. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 181 Chapter 18 Maintenance Figure 99 System Status DESCRIPTION The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 65 System Status LABEL System Status System Name ZyNOS Firmware Version DSL FW Version This is the name of your ZyXEL Device. It is for identification purposes. This is the ZyNOS firmware version and the date created. ZyNOS is ZyXEL's proprietary Network Operating System design. This is the DSL firmware version associated with your ZyXEL Device. 182 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Chapter 18 Maintenance Table 65 System Status (continued) LABEL Standard WAN Information IP Address IP Subnet Mask Default Gateway VPI/VCI DESCRIPTION This is the standard that your ZyXEL Device is using. This is the WAN port IP address. This is the WAN port IP subnet mask. This is the IP address of the default gateway, if applicable. This is the Virtual Path Identifier and Virtual Channel Identifier that you entered in the first Wizard screen. LAN Information MAC Address IP Address IP Subnet Mask DHCP DHCP Start IP DHCP Pool Size WLAN Information ESSID Channel WEP Show Statistics This is the MAC (Media Access Control) or Ethernet address unique to your ZyXEL Device. This is the LAN port IP address. This is the LAN port IP subnet mask. This is the WAN port DHCP role - Server, Relay or None. This is the first of the contiguous addresses in the IP address pool. This is the number of IP addresses in the IP address pool. This is the descriptive name used to identify the ZyXEL Device in the wireless LAN. This is the channel number used by the ZyXEL Device now. This displays the status of WEP data encryption. Click Show Statistics to see the performance statistics such as number of packets sent and number of packets received for each port. 18.2.1 System Statistics Click Show Statistics in the System Status screen to open the following screen. Read-only information here includes port status and packet specific statistics. Also provided are "system up time" and "poll interval(s)". The Poll Interval(s) field is configurable. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 183 Chapter 18 Maintenance Figure 100 System Status: Show Statistics DESCRIPTION This is the elapsed time the system has been up. This field specifies the percentage of CPU utilization. This is the WAN or LAN port. The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 66 System Status: Show Statistics LABEL System up Time CPU Load LAN or WAN Port Statistics Link Status Upstream Speed Downstream Speed This is the downstream speed of your ZyXEL Device. Node-Link This is the status of your WAN link. This is the upstream speed of your ZyXEL Device. Interface Status TxPkts RxPkts Errors Tx B/s Rx B/s Up Time Collisions Poll Interval(s) This field displays the remote node index number and link type. Link types are PPPoA, ENET, RFC 1483 and PPPoE. This field displays the type of port. For the WAN port, this displays the port speed and duplex setting if you're using Ethernet encapsulation and down (line is down), idle (line (ppp) idle), dial

(starting to trigger a call) and drop (dropping a call) if you're using PPPoE encapsulation. For a LAN port, this shows the port speed and duplex setting. This field displays the number of packets transmitted on this port. This field displays the number of packets received on this port. This field displays the number of error packets on this port. This field displays the number of bytes transmitted in the last second. This field displays the number of bytes received in the last second. This field displays the elapsed time this port has been up. This is the number of collisions on this port. Type the time interval for the browser to refresh system statistics. 184 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Chapter 18 Maintenance Table 66 System Status: Show Statistics (continued) LABEL Set Interval DESCRIPTION Click this button to apply the new poll interval you entered in the Poll Interval field above. Click this button to halt the refreshing of the system statistics. Stop 18.3 DHCP Table Screen DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual clients to obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can configure the ZyXEL Device as a DHCP server or disable it. When configured as a server, the ZyXEL Device provides the TCP/IP configuration for the clients. If set to None, DHCP service will be disabled and you must have another DHCP server on your LAN, or else the computer must be manually configured. Click Maintenance, and then the DHCP Table tab. Read-only information here relates to your DHCP status. The DHCP table shows current DHCP Client information (including IP Address, Host Name and MAC Address) of all network clients using the DHCP server. Figure 101 DHCP Table The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 67 DHCP Table LABEL Host Name IP Address MAC Address DESCRIPTION This is the name of the host computer. This field displays the IP address relative to the Host Name field. This field displays the MAC (Media Access Control) address of the computer with the displayed host name. Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC address. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. 18.4 Any IP Table Screen Click Maintenance, Any IP. The Any IP table shows current read-only information

(including the IP address and the MAC address) of all network devices that use the Any IP feature to communicate with the ZyXEL Device. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 185 Chapter 18 Maintenance Figure 102 Any IP Table The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 68 Any IP Table LABEL

IP Address MAC Address This field displays the MAC (Media Access Control) address of the computer with the DESCRIPTION This field displays the index number. This field displays the IP address of the network device. displayed IP address. Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC address. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. Click Refresh to update this screen. Refresh 18.5 Wireless Screen The read-only screen displays information about the ZyXEL Devices wireless LAN. 18.5.1 Association List This screen displays the MAC address(es) of the wireless stations that are currently logged in to the network. Click Wireless LAN and then Association List to open the screen shown next. Figure 103 Association List 186 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Chapter 18 Maintenance The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 69 Association List LABEL

MAC Address This field displays the MAC (Media Access Control) address of an associated wireless DESCRIPTION This is the index number of an associated wireless station. station. Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC address. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. This field displays the time a wireless station is associated to the ZyXEL Device. Association Time Back Refresh Click Back to return to the previous screen. Click Refresh to renew the information in the table. 18.6 Diagnostic Screens These read-only screens display information to help you identify problems with the ZyXEL Device. 18.6.1 General Diagnostic Click Diagnostic and then General to open the screen shown next. Figure 104 Diagnostic: General P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 187 Chapter 18 Maintenance The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 70 Diagnostic: General DESCRIPTION LABEL TCP/IP Type the IP address of a computer that you want to ping in order to test a connection. Address Ping Reset System Click this button to reboot the ZyXEL Device. A warning dialog box is then displayed Click this button to ping the IP address that you entered. Back asking you if you're sure you want to reboot the system. Click OK to proceed. Click this button to go back to the main Diagnostic screen. 18.6.2 DSL Line Diagnostic Click Diagnostic and then DSL Line to open the screen shown next. Figure 105 Diagnostic: DSL Line The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 71 Diagnostic: DSL Line LABEL Reset ADSL Line ATM Status DESCRIPTION Click this button to reinitialize the ADSL line. The large text box above then displays the progress and results of this operation, for example:

"Start to reset ADSL Loading ADSL modem F/W... Reset ADSL Line Successfully!"

Click this button to view ATM status. 188 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Chapter 18 Maintenance Table 71 Diagnostic: DSL Line (continued) LABEL ATM Loopback Test Upstream Noise Margin Downstream Noise Margin Back DESCRIPTION Click this button to start the ATM loopback test. Make sure you have configured at least one PVC with proper VPIs/VCIs before you begin this test. The ZyXEL Device sends an OAM F5 packet to the DSLAM/ATM switch and then returns it (loops it back) to the ZyXEL Device. The ATM loopback test is useful for troubleshooting problems with the DSLAM and ATM network. Click this button to display the upstream noise margin. Click this button to display the downstream noise margin. Click this button to go back to the main Diagnostic screen. 18.7 Firmware Upgrade Find firmware at www.zyxel.com in a file that (usually) uses the system model name with a.bin extension, for example, ZyXEL Device.bin. The upload process uses HTTP

(Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and may take up to two minutes. After a successful upload, the system will reboot. Only use firmware for your devices specific model. Refer to the label on the bottom of your device. Click Firmware to open the following screen. Follow the instructions in this screen to upload firmware to your ZyXEL Device. Figure 106 Firmware Upgrade The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 72 Firmware Upgrade LABEL File Path Browse... DESCRIPTION Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Browse ... to find it. Click Browse... to find the .bin file you want to upload. Remember that you must decompress compressed (.zip) files before you can upload them. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 189 Chapter 18 Maintenance Table 72 Firmware Upgrade (continued) LABEL Upload Reset DESCRIPTION Click Upload to begin the upload process. This process may take up to two minutes. Click this button to clear all user-entered configuration information and return the ZyXEL Device to its factory defaults.

Do NOT turn off the ZyXEL Device while firmware upload is in progress!

After you see the Firmware Upload in Process screen, wait two minutes before logging into the ZyXEL Device again. The ZyXEL Device automatically restarts in this time causing a temporary network disconnect. In some operating systems, you may see the following icon on your desktop. Figure 107 Network Temporarily Disconnected After two minutes, log in again and check your new firmware version in the System Status screen. If the upload was not successful, the following screen will appear. Click Back to go back to the Firmware screen. Figure 108 Error Message 18.8 FTP Command Line This section shows some examples of uploading to or downloading files from the ZyXEL Device using FTP commands. First, understand the filename conventions. 190 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Chapter 18 Maintenance 18.8.1 Filename Conventions The configuration file (also known as the romfile or ROM) contains the factory default settings in the screens such as password, ZyXEL Device setup, IP Setup, and so on. Once you have customized the ZyXEL Devices settings, they can be saved back to your computer under a filename of your choosing. ZyNOS (ZyXEL Network Operating System, sometimes referred to as the ras file) is the system firmware and has a bin filename extension. Table 73 Filename Conventions FILE TYPE Configuration File INTERNAL NAME config EXTERNAL NAME

*.rom Firmware ras

*.bin 18.8.1.1 Example FTP Commands DESCRIPTION This is the configuration (config) filename on the ZyXEL Device. Uploading the config file replaces the specified configuration file system, including your ZyXEL Device configurations, system-related data

(including the default password), the error log and the trace log. This is the generic name for the ZyNOS firmware on the ZyXEL Device. ftp> put firmware.bin ras This is a sample FTP session showing the transfer of the computer file firmware.bin to the ZyXEL Device. ftp> get config config.rom This is a sample FTP session saving the current configuration to a file called config on your computer. If your (T)FTP client does not allow you to have a destination filename different than the source, you will need to rename them as the ZyXEL Device only recognizes config and ras. Be sure you keep unaltered copies of both files for later use.

Be sure to upload the correct model firmware as uploading the wrong model firmware may damage your device. 18.8.2 FTP Command Line Procedure 1 Launch the FTP client on your computer. 2 Enter open, followed by a space and the IP address of your ZyXEL Device. 3 Press [ENTER] when prompted for a username. 4 Enter your password as requested (the default is 1234). 5 Enter bin to set transfer mode to binary. 6 Use put to transfer files from the computer to the ZyXEL Device, for example, put firmware.bin ras transfers the firmware on your computer (firmware.bin) to the ZyXEL Device and renames it to ras. Similarly, put config.rom config transfers the configuration file on your computer (config.cfg) to the ZyXEL Device and renames P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 191 Chapter 18 Maintenance it to config. Likewise get config config.rom transfers the configuration file on the ZyXEL Device to your computer and renames it to config. See Table 73 on page 191 for more information on filename conventions. 7 Enter quit to exit the ftp prompt. 18.8.3 GUI-based FTP Clients The following table describes some of the commands that you may see in GUI-based FTP clients. Table 74 General Commands for GUI-based FTP Clients COMMAND Host Address Login Type DESCRIPTION Enter the address of the host server. Anonymous. This is when a user I.D. and password is automatically supplied to the server for anonymous access. Anonymous logins will work only if your ISP or service administrator has enabled this option. Normal. The server requires a unique User ID and Password to login. Transfer files in either ASCII (plain text format) or in binary mode. Configuration and firmware files should be transferred in binary mode. Specify the default remote directory (path). Transfer Type Initial Remote Directory Initial Local Directory Specify the default local directory (path). 18.8.4 FTP Restrictions FTP will not work when:

FTP service is disabled in the Service Access Control screen. The IP address(es) in the Remote Management screen does not match the client IP address. If it does not match, the ZyXEL Device will disconnect the FTP session immediately. 192 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide PART V Troubleshooting and Specifications Troubleshooting (195) Product Specifications (201) 193 194 CHAPTER 19 Troubleshooting This chapter offers some suggestions to solve problems you might encounter. The potential problems are divided into the following categories. Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs ZyXEL Device Access and Login Internet Access Reset the ZyXEL Device to Its Factory Defaults Wireless Router/AP Troubleshooting 19.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs

The ZyXEL Device does not turn on. None of the LEDs turn on. 1 Make sure the ZyXEL Device is turned on. 2 Make sure you are using the power adaptor or cord included with the ZyXEL Device. 3 Make sure the power adaptor or cord is connected to the ZyXEL Device and plugged in to an appropriate power source. Make sure the power source is turned on. 4 Turn the ZyXEL Device off and on. 5 If the problem continues, contact the vendor.

One of the LEDs does not behave as expected. 1 Make sure you understand the normal behavior of the LED. See Section 19.1 on page 2 Check the hardware connections. See the Quick Start Guide and Section 19.1 on page 195. 195. 3 Inspect your cables for damage. Contact the vendor to replace any damaged cables. 4 Turn the ZyXEL Device off and on. 5 If the problem continues, contact the vendor. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 195 Chapter 19 Troubleshooting 19.2 ZyXEL Device Access and Login

I forgot the IP address for the ZyXEL Device. 1 The default IP address is 192.168.1.1. 2 If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, you might get the IP address of the ZyXEL Device by looking up the IP address of the default gateway for your computer. To do this in most Windows computers, click Start > Run, enter cmd, and then enter ipconfig. The IP address of the Default Gateway might be the IP address of the ZyXEL Device (it depends on the network), so enter this IP address in your Internet browser. 3 If this does not work, you have to reset the ZyXEL Device to its factory defaults. See Section 19.1 on page 195.

I forgot the password. 1 The default password is 1234. 2 If this does not work, you have to reset the ZyXEL Device to its factory defaults. See Section 19.1 on page 195.

I cannot see or access the Login screen in the web configurator. 1 Make sure you are using the correct IP address. The default IP address is 192.168.1.1. If you changed the IP address (Section 19.1 on page 195), use the new IP address. If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, see the troubleshooting suggestions for I forgot the IP address for the ZyXEL Device. 2 Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick Start Guide and Section 19.1 on page 195. 3 Make sure your Internet browser does not block pop-up windows and has JavaScripts and Java enabled. See Section 19.1 on page 195. 4 Make sure your computer is in the same subnet as the ZyXEL Device. (If you know that there are routers between your computer and the ZyXEL Device, skip this step.) If there is a DHCP server on your network, make sure your computer is using a dynamic IP address. See Section 19.1 on page 195. Your ZyXEL Device is a DHCP server by default. If there is no DHCP server on your network, make sure your computers IP address is in the same subnet as the ZyXEL Device. See Section 19.1 on page 195. 5 Reset the ZyXEL Device to its factory defaults, and try to access the ZyXEL Device with the default IP address. See Section 19.1 on page 195. 196 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Chapter 19 Troubleshooting 6 If the problem continues, contact the network administrator or vendor, or try one of the advanced suggestions. Advanced Suggestions Try to access the ZyXEL Device using another service, such as Telnet. If you can access the ZyXEL Device, check the remote management settings, and firewall rules to find out why the ZyXEL Device does not respond to HTTP. If your computer is connected to the WAN port or is connected wirelessly, use a computer that is connected to a LAN/ETHERNET port.

I can see the Login screen, but I cannot log in to the ZyXEL Device. 1 Make sure you have entered the user name and password correctly. The default password is 1234. These fields are case-sensitive, so make sure [Caps Lock] is not on. 2 You cannot log in to the web configurator while someone is using Telnet to access the ZyXEL Device. Log out of the ZyXEL Device in the other session, or ask the person who is logged in to log out. 3 Turn the ZyXEL Device off and on. 4 If this does not work, you have to reset the ZyXEL Device to its factory defaults. See Section 19.1 on page 195.

I cannot Telnet to the ZyXEL Device. See the troubleshooting suggestions for I cannot see or access the Login screen in the web configurator. Ignore the suggestions about your browser.

I cannot use FTP to upload / download the configuration file. / I cannot use FTP to upload new firmware. See the troubleshooting suggestions for I cannot see or access the Login screen in the web configurator. Ignore the suggestions about your browser. 19.3 Internet Access

I cannot access the Internet. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 197 Chapter 19 Troubleshooting 1 Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick Start Guide and Section 19.1 on page 195. 2 Make sure you entered your ISP account information correctly in the wizard. These fields are case-sensitive, so make sure [Caps Lock] is not on. 3 If you are trying to access the Internet wirelessly, make sure the wireless settings in the wireless client are the same as the settings in the AP. 4 Disconnect all the cables from your ZyXEL Device, and follow the directions in the Quick Start Guide again. 5 If the problem continues, contact your ISP.

I cannot access the Internet anymore. I had access to the Internet (with the ZyXEL Device), but my Internet connection is not available anymore. 1 Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick Start Guide and Section 19.1 on page 195. 2 Turn the ZyXEL Device off and on. 3 If the problem continues, contact your ISP.

The Internet connection is slow or intermittent. 1 There might be a lot of traffic on the network. Look at the LEDs, and check Section 19.1 on page 195. If the ZyXEL Device is sending or receiving a lot of information, try closing some programs that use the Internet, especially peer-to-peer applications. 2 Check the signal strength. If the signal strength is low, try moving the ZyXEL Device closer to the AP if possible, and look around to see if there are any devices that might be interfering with the wireless network (for example, microwaves, other wireless networks, and so on). 3 Turn the ZyXEL Device off and on. 4 If the problem continues, contact the network administrator or vendor, or try one of the advanced suggestions. Advanced Suggestions Check the settings for bandwidth management. If it is disabled, you might consider activating it. If it is enabled, you might consider changing the allocations. 19.4 Reset the ZyXEL Device to Its Factory Defaults If you reset the ZyXEL Device, you lose all of the changes you have made. The ZyXEL Device re-loads its default settings, and the password resets to 1234. You have to make all of your changes again. 198 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide

You will lose all of your changes when you push the RESET button. Chapter 19 Troubleshooting To reset the ZyXEL Device, 1 Make sure the POWER LED is on and not blinking. 2 Press and hold the RESET button for five to ten seconds. Release the RESET button when the POWER LED begins to blink. The default settings have been restored. If the ZyXEL Device restarts automatically, wait for the ZyXEL Device to finish restarting, and log in to the web configurator. The password is 1234. If the ZyXEL Device does not restart automatically, disconnect and reconnect the ZyXEL Devices power. Then, follow the directions above again. 19.5 Wireless Router/AP Troubleshooting

I cannot access the ZyXEL Device or ping any computer from the WLAN. 1 Make sure the wireless LAN is enabled on the ZyXEL Device 2 Make sure the wireless adapter on the wireless station is working properly. 3 Make sure the wireless adapter (installed on your computer) is IEEE 802.11 compatible and supports the same wireless standard as the ZyXEL Device. 4 Make sure your computer (with a wireless adapter installed) is within the transmission 5 Check that both the ZyXEL Device and your wireless station are using the same wireless 6 Make sure traffic between the WLAN and the LAN is not blocked by the firewall on the range of the ZyXEL Device. and wireless security settings. ZyXEL Device. 7 Make sure you allow the ZyXEL Device to be remotely accessed through the WLAN interface. Check your remote management settings. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 199 Chapter 19 Troubleshooting 200 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide

CHAPTER 20 Product Specifications This chapter gives details about your ZyXEL Devices hardware and firmware features. 20.1 General ZyXEL Device Specifications The following tables summarize the ZyXEL Devices hardware and firmware features. Table 75 Hardware Specifications SPECIFICATION Dimensions (W x D x H) 190 x 128 x 33 mm Weight Power DESCRIPTION 3.6 Kg

(devices that do not use an external power adaptor) AC: 100 - 240V 50/60Hz 1.5A maximum input internal universal power supply DC: 48 - 60V 1.5A max, 48 Watt consumption. There is no tolerance for the DC input voltage. This note is needed for DC powered devices, not AC. Auto-negotiating: 10 Mbps or 100 Mbps in either half-duplex or full-duplex mode. Auto-crossover: Use either crossover or straight-through Ethernet cables. RJ-11 telephone wires. Ethernet Ports Line/Phone Ports LEDs Operating Environment Storage Environment Distance between the centers of the holes (for wall mounting) on the ZyXEL Devices back. Temperature: 0 C ~ 50 C Humidity: 20% ~ 95% RH Temperature: -20 C ~ 60 C Humidity: 10% ~ 90% RH 125 mm P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 201 Chapter 20 Product Specifications Table 75 Hardware Specifications SPECIFICATION Recommended type of screws for wall-mounting Approvals Safety DESCRIPTION M4 Tap Screw, see Figure 110 on page 206. ANSI/UL Std No. 60950-1 CAN/CSA-C22.2 No 60950-1-03 EN 60950-1 1st Edition IEC 60950-1 1st Edition EMI FCC Part 15 Class B C-Tick EN55022 Class B (1998+A1:2000+A2: 2003) EN61000-3-2: 2000 EN61000-3-3: 1995+A1:2001 EMS EN61000-4-2, EN61000-4-3, EN61000-4-4, EN61000-4-5, EN61000-4-

6, EN61000-4-8, EN61000-4-11, FCC Part 68, K.21 4KV by default. RF EN 301 489 -1/17 EN 300 328 FCC Part 15.207/209/247 Table 76 Firmware Specifications FEATURE Default IP Address Default Subnet Mask Default Password DHCP Pool Device Management Wireless Functionality Firmware Upgrade DESCRIPTION 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 (24 bits) 1234 192.168.1.33 to 192.168.1.64 Use the web configurator to easily configure the rich range of features on the ZyXEL Device. Allow the IEEE 802.11b and/or IEEE 802.11g wireless clients to connect to the ZyXEL Device wirelessly. Enable wireless security (WEP, WPA(2), WPA(2)-PSK) and/or MAC filtering to protect your wireless network. Download new firmware (when available) from the ZyXEL web site and use the web configurator, an FTP or a TFTP tool to put it on the ZyXEL Device. Configuration Backup &

Restoration Network Address Translation (NAT) Port Forwarding DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) Note: Only upload firmware for your specific model!

Make a copy of the ZyXEL Devices configuration. You can put it back on the ZyXEL Device later if you decide to revert back to an earlier configuration. Each computer on your network must have its own unique IP address. Use NAT to convert your public IP address(es) to multiple private IP addresses for the computers on your network. If you have a server (mail or web server for example) on your network, you can use this feature to let people access it from the Internet. Use this feature to have the ZyXEL Device assign IP addresses, an IP default gateway and DNS servers to computers on your network. 202 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Table 76 Firmware Specifications FEATURE Dynamic DNS Support Chapter 20 Product Specifications DESCRIPTION With Dynamic DNS (Domain Name System) support, you can use a fixed URL, www.zyxel.com for example, with a dynamic IP address. You must register for this service with a Dynamic DNS service provider. IP multicast is used to send traffic to a specific group of computers. The ZyXEL Device supports versions 1 and 2 of IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) used to join multicast groups (see RFC 2236). IP alias allows you to subdivide a physical network into logical networks over the same Ethernet interface with the ZyXEL Device itself as the gateway for each subnet. Get the current time and date from an external server when you turn on your ZyXEL Device. You can also set the time manually. These dates and times are then used in logs. Use packet tracing and logs for troubleshooting. You can send logs from the ZyXEL Device to an external syslog server. PPPoE mimics a dial-up Internet access connection. Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) enables secure transfer of data through a Virtual Private Network (VPN). The ZyXEL Device supports one PPTP connection at a time. A UPnP-enabled device can dynamically join a network, obtain an IP address and convey its capabilities to other devices on the network. The ZyXEL Device supports Time Warners RoadRunner Service in addition to standard cable modem services. You can configure firewall on the ZyXEL Device for secure Internet access. When the firewall is on, by default, all incoming traffic from the Internet to your network is blocked unless it is initiated from your network. This means that probes from the outside to your network are not allowed, but you can safely browse the Internet and download files for example. The ZyXEL Device blocks or allows access to web sites that you specify and blocks access to web sites with URLs that contain keywords that you specify. You can define time periods and days during which content filtering is enabled. You can also include or exclude particular computers on your network from content filtering. You can also subscribe to category-based content filtering that allows your ZyXEL Device to check web sites against an external database. You can efficiently manage traffic on your network by reserving bandwidth and giving priority to certain types of traffic and/or to particular computers. This allows you to decide whether a service (HTTP or FTP traffic for example) from a computer on a network (LAN or WAN for example) can access the ZyXEL Device. IP Multicast IP Alias Time and Date Logging and Tracing PPPoE PPTP Encapsulation Universal Plug and Play

(UPnP) RoadRunner Support Firewall Content Filter Bandwidth Management Remote Management The following list, which is not exhaustive, illustrates the standards supported in the ZyXEL Device. Table 77 Standards Supported STANDARD RFC 867 RFC 868 RFC 1058 DESCRIPTION Daytime Protocol Time Protocol. RIP-1 (Routing Information Protocol) P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 203 Chapter 20 Product Specifications Table 77 Standards Supported (continued) STANDARD RFC 1112 RFC 1157 RFC 1305 RFC 1441 RFC 1483 RFC 1631 RFC 1661 RFC 1723 RFC 1901 RFC 2236 RFC 2364 RFC 2408 RFC 2516 RFC 2684 RFC 2766 IEEE 802.11 DESCRIPTION IGMP v1 SNMPv1: Simple Network Management Protocol version 1 Network Time Protocol (NTP version 3) SNMPv2 Simple Network Management Protocol version 2 Multiprotocol Encapsulation over ATM Adaptation Layer 5 IP Network Address Translator (NAT) The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) RIP-2 (Routing Information Protocol) SNMPv2c Simple Network Management Protocol version 2c Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 2. PPP over AAL5 (PPP over ATM over ADSL) Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol (ISAKMP) A Method for Transmitting PPP Over Ethernet (PPPoE) Multiprotocol Encapsulation over ATM Adaptation Layer 5. Network Address Translation - Protocol Also known by the brand Wi-Fi, denotes a set of Wireless LAN/WLAN standards developed by working group 11 of the IEEE LAN/MAN Standards Committee (IEEE 802). Uses the 2.4 gigahertz (GHz) band Uses the 2.4 gigahertz (GHz) band Turbo and Super G modes Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks: Media Access Control (MAC) Bridges Port Based Network Access Control. IEEE 802.11 e Wireless LAN for Quality of Service Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) standard. G.992.1 Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) Transceivers ITU standard for ADSL using discrete multitone modulation. ITU standard for ADSL using discrete multitone modulation. ITU standard (also referred to as ADSL2) that extends the capability of basic ADSL in data rates. ITU standard (also referred to as ADSL2) that extends the capability of basic ADSL in data rates. ITU standard (also referred to as ADSL2+) that extends the capability of basic ADSL by doubling the number of downstream bits. ITU standard that defines VDSL. ITU standard that defines VDSL2. MS PPTP (Microsoft's implementation of Point to Point Tunneling Protocol) Media Bandwidth Management v2 ST2+ over ATM Protocol Specification - UNI 3.1 Version IEEE 802.11b IEEE 802.11g IEEE 802.11g+

IEEE 802.11d IEEE 802.11x IEEE 802.11e QoS ANSI T1.413, Issue 2 G dmt(G.992.1) ITU G.992.1 (G.DMT) ITU G.992.2 (G. Lite) ITU G.992.3 (G.dmt.bis) ITU G.992.4 (G.lite.bis) ITU G.992.5 (ADSL2+) ITU-T G.993.1 (VDSL) ITU-T G.993.2 (VDSL2) Microsoft PPTP MBM v2 RFC 2383 204 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Chapter 20 Product Specifications Table 77 Standards Supported (continued) STANDARD TR-069 1.363.5 DESCRIPTION TR-069 DSL Forum Standard for CPE Wan Management. Compliant AAL5 SAR (Segmentation And Re-assembly) 20.2 Wall-mounting Instructions Complete the following steps to hang your ZyXEL Device on a wall.

See Table 75 on page 201 for the size of screws to use and how far apart to place them. 1 Select a position free of obstructions on a sturdy wall. 2 Drill two holes for the screws.

Be careful to avoid damaging pipes or cables located inside the wall when drilling holes for the screws. 3 Do not insert the screws all the way into the wall. Leave a small gap of about 0.5 cm between the heads of the screws and the wall. 4 Make sure the screws are snugly fastened to the wall. They need to hold the weight of the ZyXEL Device with the connection cables. 5 Align the holes on the back of the ZyXEL Device with the screws on the wall. Hang the ZyXEL Device on the screws. Figure 109 Wall-mounting Example The following are dimensions of an M4 tap screw and masonry plug used for wall mounting. All measurements are in millimeters (mm). P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 205 Chapter 20 Product Specifications Figure 110 Masonry Plug and M4 Tap Screw 20.3 Power Adaptor Specifications Table 78 Power Adaptor Specifications AC Power Adaptor Model Input Power Output Power Power Consumption Safety Standards MU12-2050200-A1 100~240 Volts AC / 50~60Hz/0.25A 5 Volts DC / 2A 10 W UL (UL 1950), CSA (CSA 22.2) CE mark, EN60950 (2001) T-Mark C-tick, QAS 206 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide PART VI Appendices Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions (209) Wireless LANs (217) Common Services (231) Legal Information (235) Customer Support (241) 207 208 A APPENDIX Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions In order to use the web configurator you need to allow:

Web browser pop-up windows from your device. JavaScripts (enabled by default). Java permissions (enabled by default).

Internet Explorer 6 screens are used here. Screens for other Internet Explorer versions may vary. Internet Explorer Pop-up Blockers You may have to disable pop-up blocking to log into your device. Either disable pop-up blocking (enabled by default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2) or allow pop-up blocking and create an exception for your devices IP address. Disable Pop-up Blockers 1 In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Pop-up Blocker and then select Turn Off Pop-up Blocker. Figure 111 Pop-up Blocker You can also check if pop-up blocking is disabled in the Pop-up Blocker section in the Privacy tab. 1 In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Internet Options, Privacy. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 209 Appendix A Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions 2 Clear the Block pop-ups check box in the Pop-up Blocker section of the screen. This disables any web pop-up blockers you may have enabled. Figure 112 Internet Options: Privacy 3 Click Apply to save this setting. Enable Pop-up Blockers with Exceptions Alternatively, if you only want to allow pop-up windows from your device, see the following steps. 1 In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Internet Options and then the Privacy tab. 2 Select Settingsto open the Pop-up Blocker Settings screen. 210 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Appendix A Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions Figure 113 Internet Options: Privacy 3 Type the IP address of your device (the web page that you do not want to have blocked) with the prefix http://. For example, http://192.168.167.1. 4 Click Add to move the IP address to the list of Allowed sites. Figure 114 Pop-up Blocker Settings P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 211 Appendix A Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions 5 Click Close to return to the Privacy screen. 6 Click Apply to save this setting. JavaScripts If pages of the web configurator do not display properly in Internet Explorer, check that JavaScripts are allowed. 1 In Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security tab. Figure 115 Internet Options: Security 2 Click the Custom Level... button. 3 Scroll down to Scripting. 4 Under Active scripting make sure that Enable is selected (the default). 5 Under Scripting of Java applets make sure that Enable is selected (the default). 6 Click OK to close the window. 212 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Appendix A Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions Figure 116 Security Settings - Java Scripting Java Permissions 1 From Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security tab. 2 Click the Custom Level... button. 3 Scroll down to Microsoft VM. 4 Under Java permissions make sure that a safety level is selected. 5 Click OK to close the window. Figure 117 Security Settings - Java P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 213 Appendix A Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions JAVA (Sun) 1 From Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Advanced tab. 2 Make sure that Use Java 2 for <applet> under Java (Sun) is selected. 3 Click OK to close the window. Figure 118 Java (Sun) Mozilla Firefox Mozilla Firefox 2.0 screens are used here. Screens for other versions may vary. You can enable Java, Javascripts and pop-ups in one screen. Click Tools, then click Options in the screen that appears. 214 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Appendix A Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions Figure 119 Mozilla Firefox: Tools > Options Click Content.to show the screen below. Select the check boxes as shown in the following screen. Figure 120 Mozilla Firefox Content Security P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 215 Appendix A Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions 216 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide APPENDIX B Wireless LANs Wireless LAN Topologies This section discusses ad-hoc and infrastructure wireless LAN topologies. Ad-hoc Wireless LAN Configuration The simplest WLAN configuration is an independent (Ad-hoc) WLAN that connects a set of computers with wireless adapters (A, B, C). Any time two or more wireless adapters are within range of each other, they can set up an independent network, which is commonly referred to as an ad-hoc network or Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS). The following diagram shows an example of notebook computers using wireless adapters to form an ad-hoc wireless LAN. Figure 121 Peer-to-Peer Communication in an Ad-hoc Network BSS A Basic Service Set (BSS) exists when all communications between wireless clients or between a wireless client and a wired network client go through one access point (AP). Intra-BSS traffic is traffic between wireless clients in the BSS. When Intra-BSS is enabled, wireless client A and B can access the wired network and communicate with each other. When Intra-BSS is disabled, wireless client A and B can still access the wired network but cannot communicate with each other. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 217 Appendix B Wireless LANs Figure 122 Basic Service Set ESS An Extended Service Set (ESS) consists of a series of overlapping BSSs, each containing an access point, with each access point connected together by a wired network. This wired connection between APs is called a Distribution System (DS). This type of wireless LAN topology is called an Infrastructure WLAN. The Access Points not only provide communication with the wired network but also mediate wireless network traffic in the immediate neighborhood. An ESSID (ESS IDentification) uniquely identifies each ESS. All access points and their associated wireless clients within the same ESS must have the same ESSID in order to communicate. 218 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Figure 123 Infrastructure WLAN Appendix B Wireless LANs Channel A channel is the radio frequency(ies) used by wireless devices to transmit and receive data. Channels available depend on your geographical area. You may have a choice of channels (for your region) so you should use a channel different from an adjacent AP (access point) to reduce interference. Interference occurs when radio signals from different access points overlap causing interference and degrading performance. Adjacent channels partially overlap however. To avoid interference due to overlap, your AP should be on a channel at least five channels away from a channel that an adjacent AP is using. For example, if your region has 11 channels and an adjacent AP is using channel 1, then you need to select a channel between 6 or 11. RTS/CTS A hidden node occurs when two stations are within range of the same access point, but are not within range of each other. The following figure illustrates a hidden node. Both stations (STA) are within range of the access point (AP) or wireless gateway, but out-of-range of each other, so they cannot "hear" each other, that is they do not know if the channel is currently being used. Therefore, they are considered hidden from each other. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 219 Appendix B Wireless LANs Figure 124 RTS/CTS When station A sends data to the AP, it might not know that the station B is already using the channel. If these two stations send data at the same time, collisions may occur when both sets of data arrive at the AP at the same time, resulting in a loss of messages for both stations. RTS/CTS is designed to prevent collisions due to hidden nodes. An RTS/CTS defines the biggest size data frame you can send before an RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake is invoked. When a data frame exceeds the RTS/CTS value you set (between 0 to 2432 bytes), the station that wants to transmit this frame must first send an RTS (Request To Send) message to the AP for permission to send it. The AP then responds with a CTS (Clear to Send) message to all other stations within its range to notify them to defer their transmission. It also reserves and confirms with the requesting station the time frame for the requested transmission. Stations can send frames smaller than the specified RTS/CTS directly to the AP without the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake. You should only configure RTS/CTS if the possibility of hidden nodes exists on your network and the "cost" of resending large frames is more than the extra network overhead involved in the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake. If the RTS/CTS value is greater than the Fragmentation Threshold value (see next), then the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake will never occur as data frames will be fragmented before they reach RTS/CTS size.

Enabling the RTS Threshold causes redundant network overhead that could negatively affect the throughput performance instead of providing a remedy. Fragmentation Threshold A Fragmentation Threshold is the maximum data fragment size (between 256 and 2432 bytes) that can be sent in the wireless network before the AP will fragment the packet into smaller data frames. A large Fragmentation Threshold is recommended for networks not prone to interference while you should set a smaller threshold for busy networks or networks that are prone to interference. 220 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Appendix B Wireless LANs If the Fragmentation Threshold value is smaller than the RTS/CTS value (see previously) you set then the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake will never occur as data frames will be fragmented before they reach RTS/CTS size. Preamble Type Preamble is used to signal that data is coming to the receiver. Short and long refer to the length of the synchronization field in a packet. Short preamble increases performance as less time sending preamble means more time for sending data. All IEEE 802.11 compliant wireless adapters support long preamble, but not all support short preamble. Use long preamble if you are unsure what preamble mode other wireless devices on the network support, and to provide more reliable communications in busy wireless networks. Use short preamble if you are sure all wireless devices on the network support it, and to provide more efficient communications. Use the dynamic setting to automatically use short preamble when all wireless devices on the network support it, otherwise the ZyXEL Device uses long preamble.

The wireless devices MUST use the same preamble mode in order to communicate. IEEE 802.11g Wireless LAN IEEE 802.11g is fully compatible with the IEEE 802.11b standard. This means an IEEE 802.11b adapter can interface directly with an IEEE 802.11g access point (and vice versa) at 11 Mbps or lower depending on range. IEEE 802.11g has several intermediate rate steps between the maximum and minimum data rates. The IEEE 802.11g data rate and modulation are as follows:

Table 79 IEEE 802.11g DATA RATE (MBPS) MODULATION 1 2 5.5 / 11 6/9/12/18/24/36/48/54 OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) DBPSK (Differential Binary Phase Shift Keyed) DQPSK (Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) CCK (Complementary Code Keying) Wireless Security Overview Wireless security is vital to your network to protect wireless communication between wireless clients, access points and the wired network. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 221 Appendix B Wireless LANs Wireless security methods available on the ZyXEL Device are data encryption, wireless client authentication, restricting access by device MAC address and hiding the ZyXEL Device identity. The following figure shows the relative effectiveness of these wireless security methods available on your ZyXEL Device. Table 80 Wireless Security Levels SECURITY LEVEL Least Secure SECURITY TYPE Unique SSID (Default) Unique SSID with Hide SSID Enabled MAC Address Filtering WEP Encryption IEEE802.1x EAP with RADIUS Server Authentication Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) WPA2 Most Secure

You must enable the same wireless security settings on the ZyXEL Device and on all wireless clients that you want to associate with it. IEEE 802.1x In June 2001, the IEEE 802.1x standard was designed to extend the features of IEEE 802.11 to support extended authentication as well as providing additional accounting and control features. It is supported by Windows XP and a number of network devices. Some advantages of IEEE 802.1x are:

User based identification that allows for roaming. Support for RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial In User Service, RFC 2138, 2139) for centralized user profile and accounting management on a network RADIUS server. Support for EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol, RFC 2486) that allows additional authentication methods to be deployed with no changes to the access point or the wireless clients. RADIUS RADIUS is based on a client-server model that supports authentication, authorization and accounting. The access point is the client and the server is the RADIUS server. The RADIUS server handles the following tasks:

Authentication Determines the identity of the users. Authorization 222 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Appendix B Wireless LANs Determines the network services available to authenticated users once they are connected to the network. Accounting Keeps track of the clients network activity. RADIUS is a simple package exchange in which your AP acts as a message relay between the wireless client and the network RADIUS server. Types of RADIUS Messages The following types of RADIUS messages are exchanged between the access point and the RADIUS server for user authentication:

Access-Request Sent by an access point requesting authentication. Access-Reject Sent by a RADIUS server rejecting access. Access-Accept Sent by a RADIUS server allowing access. Access-Challenge Sent by a RADIUS server requesting more information in order to allow access. The access point sends a proper response from the user and then sends another Access-Request message. The following types of RADIUS messages are exchanged between the access point and the RADIUS server for user accounting:

Accounting-Request Sent by the access point requesting accounting. Accounting-Response Sent by the RADIUS server to indicate that it has started or stopped accounting. In order to ensure network security, the access point and the RADIUS server use a shared secret key, which is a password, they both know. The key is not sent over the network. In addition to the shared key, password information exchanged is also encrypted to protect the network from unauthorized access. Types of EAP Authentication This section discusses some popular authentication types: EAP-MD5, EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS, PEAP and LEAP. Your wireless LAN device may not support all authentication types. EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) is an authentication protocol that runs on top of the IEEE 802.1x transport mechanism in order to support multiple types of user authentication. By using EAP to interact with an EAP-compatible RADIUS server, an access point helps a wireless station and a RADIUS server perform authentication. The type of authentication you use depends on the RADIUS server and an intermediary AP(s) that supports IEEE 802.1x. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 223 Appendix B Wireless LANs For EAP-TLS authentication type, you must first have a wired connection to the network and obtain the certificate(s) from a certificate authority (CA). A certificate (also called digital IDs) can be used to authenticate users and a CA issues certificates and guarantees the identity of each certificate owner. EAP-MD5 (Message-Digest Algorithm 5) MD5 authentication is the simplest one-way authentication method. The authentication server sends a challenge to the wireless client. The wireless client proves that it knows the password by encrypting the password with the challenge and sends back the information. Password is not sent in plain text. However, MD5 authentication has some weaknesses. Since the authentication server needs to get the plaintext passwords, the passwords must be stored. Thus someone other than the authentication server may access the password file. In addition, it is possible to impersonate an authentication server as MD5 authentication method does not perform mutual authentication. Finally, MD5 authentication method does not support data encryption with dynamic session key. You must configure WEP encryption keys for data encryption. EAP-TLS (Transport Layer Security) With EAP-TLS, digital certifications are needed by both the server and the wireless clients for mutual authentication. The server presents a certificate to the client. After validating the identity of the server, the client sends a different certificate to the server. The exchange of certificates is done in the open before a secured tunnel is created. This makes user identity vulnerable to passive attacks. A digital certificate is an electronic ID card that authenticates the senders identity. However, to implement EAP-TLS, you need a Certificate Authority (CA) to handle certificates, which imposes a management overhead. EAP-TTLS (Tunneled Transport Layer Service) EAP-TTLS is an extension of the EAP-TLS authentication that uses certificates for only the server-side authentications to establish a secure connection. Client authentication is then done by sending username and password through the secure connection, thus client identity is protected. For client authentication, EAP-TTLS supports EAP methods and legacy authentication methods such as PAP, CHAP, MS-CHAP and MS-CHAP v2. PEAP (Protected EAP) Like EAP-TTLS, server-side certificate authentication is used to establish a secure connection, then use simple username and password methods through the secured connection to authenticate the clients, thus hiding client identity. However, PEAP only supports EAP methods, such as EAP-MD5, EAP-MSCHAPv2 and EAP-GTC (EAP-Generic Token Card), for client authentication. EAP-GTC is implemented only by Cisco. LEAP 224 LEAP (Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol) is a Cisco implementation of IEEE 802.1x. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Appendix B Wireless LANs Dynamic WEP Key Exchange The AP maps a unique key that is generated with the RADIUS server. This key expires when the wireless connection times out, disconnects or reauthentication times out. A new WEP key is generated each time reauthentication is performed. If this feature is enabled, it is not necessary to configure a default encryption key in the wireless security configuration screen. You may still configure and store keys, but they will not be used while dynamic WEP is enabled.

EAP-MD5 cannot be used with Dynamic WEP Key Exchange For added security, certificate-based authentications (EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS and PEAP) use dynamic keys for data encryption. They are often deployed in corporate environments, but for public deployment, a simple user name and password pair is more practical. The following table is a comparison of the features of authentication types. Table 81 Comparison of EAP Authentication Types EAP-TLS Yes Yes Yes Yes Strong Hard No Mutual Authentication Certificate Client Certificate Server Dynamic Key Exchange Credential Integrity Deployment Difficulty Client Identity Protection EAP-TTLS Yes Optional Yes Yes Strong Moderate Yes EAP-MD5 No No No No None Easy No LEAP Yes No No Yes Moderate Moderate No PEAP Yes Optional Yes Yes Strong Moderate Yes WPA and WPA2 Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) is a subset of the IEEE 802.11i standard. WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i) is a wireless security standard that defines stronger encryption, authentication and key management than WPA. Key differences between WPA or WPA2 and WEP are improved data encryption and user authentication. If both an AP and the wireless clients support WPA2 and you have an external RADIUS server, use WPA2 for stronger data encryption. If you don't have an external RADIUS server, you should use WPA2-PSK (WPA2-Pre-Shared Key) that only requires a single (identical) password entered into each access point, wireless gateway and wireless client. As long as the passwords match, a wireless client will be granted access to a WLAN. If the AP or the wireless clients do not support WPA2, just use WPA or WPA-PSK depending on whether you have an external RADIUS server or not. Select WEP only when the AP and/or wireless clients do not support WPA or WPA2. WEP is less secure than WPA or WPA2. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 225 Appendix B Wireless LANs Encryption Both WPA and WPA2 improve data encryption by using Temporal Key Integrity Protocol

(TKIP), Message Integrity Check (MIC) and IEEE 802.1x. WPA and WPA2 use Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) in the Counter mode with Cipher block chaining Message authentication code Protocol (CCMP) to offer stronger encryption than TKIP. TKIP uses 128-bit keys that are dynamically generated and distributed by the authentication server. AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) is a block cipher that uses a 256-bit mathematical algorithm called Rijndael. They both include a per-packet key mixing function, a Message Integrity Check (MIC) named Michael, an extended initialization vector (IV) with sequencing rules, and a re-keying mechanism. WPA and WPA2 regularly change and rotate the encryption keys so that the same encryption key is never used twice. The RADIUS server distributes a Pairwise Master Key (PMK) key to the AP that then sets up a key hierarchy and management system, using the PMK to dynamically generate unique data encryption keys to encrypt every data packet that is wirelessly communicated between the AP and the wireless clients. This all happens in the background automatically. The Message Integrity Check (MIC) is designed to prevent an attacker from capturing data packets, altering them and resending them. The MIC provides a strong mathematical function in which the receiver and the transmitter each compute and then compare the MIC. If they do not match, it is assumed that the data has been tampered with and the packet is dropped. By generating unique data encryption keys for every data packet and by creating an integrity checking mechanism (MIC), with TKIP and AES it is more difficult to decrypt data on a Wi-Fi network than WEP and difficult for an intruder to break into the network. The encryption mechanisms used for WPA(2) and WPA(2)-PSK are the same. The only difference between the two is that WPA(2)-PSK uses a simple common password, instead of user-specific credentials. The common-password approach makes WPA(2)-PSK susceptible to brute-force password-guessing attacks but its still an improvement over WEP as it employs a consistent, single, alphanumeric password to derive a PMK which is used to generate unique temporal encryption keys. This prevent all wireless devices sharing the same encryption keys.

(a weakness of WEP) User Authentication WPA and WPA2 apply IEEE 802.1x and Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) to authenticate wireless clients using an external RADIUS database. WPA2 reduces the number of key exchange messages from six to four (CCMP 4-way handshake) and shortens the time required to connect to a network. Other WPA2 authentication features that are different from WPA include key caching and pre-authentication. These two features are optional and may not be supported in all wireless devices. Key caching allows a wireless client to store the PMK it derived through a successful authentication with an AP. The wireless client uses the PMK when it tries to connect to the same AP and does not need to go with the authentication process again. Pre-authentication enables fast roaming by allowing the wireless client (already connecting to an AP) to perform IEEE 802.1x authentication with another AP before connecting to it. 226 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Appendix B Wireless LANs Wireless Client WPA Supplicants A wireless client supplicant is the software that runs on an operating system instructing the wireless client how to use WPA. At the time of writing, the most widely available supplicant is the WPA patch for Windows XP, Funk Software's Odyssey client. The Windows XP patch is a free download that adds WPA capability to Windows XP's built-

in "Zero Configuration" wireless client. However, you must run Windows XP to use it. WPA(2) with RADIUS Application Example To set up WPA(2), you need the IP address of the RADIUS server, its port number (default is 1812), and the RADIUS shared secret. A WPA(2) application example with an external RADIUS server looks as follows. "A" is the RADIUS server. "DS" is the distribution system. 1 The AP passes the wireless client's authentication request to the RADIUS server. 2 The RADIUS server then checks the user's identification against its database and grants 3 A 256-bit Pairwise Master Key (PMK) is derived from the authentication process by the or denies network access accordingly. RADIUS server and the client. 4 The RADIUS server distributes the PMK to the AP. The AP then sets up a key hierarchy and management system, using the PMK to dynamically generate unique data encryption keys. The keys are used to encrypt every data packet that is wirelessly communicated between the AP and the wireless clients. Figure 125 WPA(2) with RADIUS Application Example WPA(2)-PSK Application Example A WPA(2)-PSK application looks as follows. 1 First enter identical passwords into the AP and all wireless clients. The Pre-Shared Key

(PSK) must consist of between 8 and 63 ASCII characters or 64 hexadecimal characters

(including spaces and symbols). 2 The AP checks each wireless client's password and allows it to join the network only if the password matches. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 227 Appendix B Wireless LANs 3 The AP and wireless clients generate a common PMK (Pairwise Master Key). The key itself is not sent over the network, but is derived from the PSK and the SSID. 4 The AP and wireless clients use the TKIP or AES encryption process, the PMK and information exchanged in a handshake to create temporal encryption keys. They use these keys to encrypt data exchanged between them. Figure 126 WPA(2)-PSK Authentication Security Parameters Summary Refer to this table to see what other security parameters you should configure for each authentication method or key management protocol type. MAC address filters are not dependent on how you configure these security features. Table 82 Wireless Security Relational Matrix AUTHENTICATION METHOD/ KEY MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL Open ENTER MANUAL KEY ENCRYPTIO N METHOD IEEE 802.1X None No Open Shared WPA WPA-PSK WPA2 WPA2-PSK WEP WEP TKIP/AES TKIP/AES TKIP/AES TKIP/AES No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Disable Enable without Dynamic WEP Key Enable with Dynamic WEP Key Enable without Dynamic WEP Key Disable Enable with Dynamic WEP Key Enable without Dynamic WEP Key Disable Enable Disable Enable Disable 228 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Appendix B Wireless LANs Antenna Overview An antenna couples RF signals onto air. A transmitter within a wireless device sends an RF signal to the antenna, which propagates the signal through the air. The antenna also operates in reverse by capturing RF signals from the air. Positioning the antennas properly increases the range and coverage area of a wireless LAN. Antenna Characteristics Frequency An antenna in the frequency of 2.4GHz (IEEE 802.11b and IEEE 802.11g) or 5GHz (IEEE 802.11a) is needed to communicate efficiently in a wireless LAN Radiation Pattern A radiation pattern is a diagram that allows you to visualize the shape of the antennas coverage area. Antenna Gain Antenna gain, measured in dB (decibel), is the increase in coverage within the RF beam width. Higher antenna gain improves the range of the signal for better communications. For an indoor site, each 1 dB increase in antenna gain results in a range increase of approximately 2.5%. For an unobstructed outdoor site, each 1dB increase in gain results in a range increase of approximately 5%. Actual results may vary depending on the network environment. Antenna gain is sometimes specified in dBi, which is how much the antenna increases the signal power compared to using an isotropic antenna. An isotropic antenna is a theoretical perfect antenna that sends out radio signals equally well in all directions. dBi represents the true gain that the antenna provides. Types of Antennas for WLAN There are two types of antennas used for wireless LAN applications. Omni-directional antennas send the RF signal out in all directions on a horizontal plane. The coverage area is torus-shaped (like a donut) which makes these antennas ideal for a room environment. With a wide coverage area, it is possible to make circular overlapping coverage areas with multiple access points. Directional antennas concentrate the RF signal in a beam, like a flashlight does with the light from its bulb. The angle of the beam determines the width of the coverage pattern. Angles typically range from 20 degrees (very directional) to 120 degrees (less directional). Directional antennas are ideal for hallways and outdoor point-to-point applications. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 229 Appendix B Wireless LANs Positioning Antennas In general, antennas should be mounted as high as practically possible and free of obstructions. In point-topoint application, position both antennas at the same height and in a direct line of sight to each other to attain the best performance. For omni-directional antennas mounted on a table, desk, and so on, point the antenna up. For omni-directional antennas mounted on a wall or ceiling, point the antenna down. For a single AP application, place omni-directional antennas as close to the center of the coverage area as possible. For directional antennas, point the antenna in the direction of the desired coverage area. 230 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide APPENDIX C Common Services The following table lists some commonly-used services and their associated protocols and port numbers. For a comprehensive list of port numbers, ICMP type/code numbers and services, visit the IANA (Internet Assigned Number Authority) web site. Name: This is a short, descriptive name for the service. You can use this one or create a different one, if you like. Protocol: This is the type of IP protocol used by the service. If this is TCP/UDP, then the service uses the same port number with TCP and UDP. If this is USER-DEFINED, the Port(s) is the IP protocol number, not the port number. Port(s): This value depends on the Protocol. Please refer to RFC 1700 for further information about port numbers. If the Protocol is TCP, UDP, or TCP/UDP, this is the IP port number. If the Protocol is USER, this is the IP protocol number. Description: This is a brief explanation of the applications that use this service or the situations in which this service is used. Table 83 Commonly Used Services NAME AH

(IPSEC_TUNNEL) AIM/New-ICQ PROTOCOL User-Defined TCP AUTH TCP BGP BOOTP_CLIENT BOOTP_SERVER CU-SEEME DNS TCP UDP UDP TCP UDP TCP/UDP ESP

(IPSEC_TUNNEL) User-Defined FINGER TCP PORT(S) 51 5190 113 179 68 67 7648 24032 53 50 79 DESCRIPTION The IPSEC AH (Authentication Header) tunneling protocol uses this service. AOLs Internet Messenger service. It is also used as a listening port by ICQ. Authentication protocol used by some servers. Border Gateway Protocol. DHCP Client. DHCP Server. A popular videoconferencing solution from White Pines Software. Domain Name Server, a service that matches web names (for example www.zyxel.com) to IP numbers. The IPSEC ESP (Encapsulation Security Protocol) tunneling protocol uses this service. Finger is a UNIX or Internet related command that can be used to find out if a user is logged on. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 231 Appendix C Common Services Table 83 Commonly Used Services (continued) NAME PORT(S) 20 FTP 21 PROTOCOL TCP TCP H.323 HTTP HTTPS ICMP ICQ IGMP

(MULTICAST) IKE IRC TCP TCP TCP User-Defined UDP User-Defined UDP TCP/UDP MSN Messenger TCP 1720 80 443 1 4000 2 500 6667 1863 5190 144 2049 119 NEW-ICQ NEWS NFS NNTP PING POP3 PPTP PPTP_TUNNEL

(GRE) RCMD REAL_AUDIO REXEC RLOGIN RTELNET 232 TCP TCP UDP TCP User-Defined 1 TCP TCP 110 1723 User-Defined 47 TCP TCP TCP TCP TCP 512 7070 514 513 107 DESCRIPTION File Transfer Program, a program to enable fast transfer of files, including large files that may not be possible by e-mail. NetMeeting uses this protocol. Hyper Text Transfer Protocol - a client/

server protocol for the world wide web. HTTPS is a secured http session often used in e-commerce. Internet Control Message Protocol is often used for diagnostic or routing purposes. This is a popular Internet chat program. Internet Group Management Protocol is used when sending packets to a specific group of hosts. The Internet Key Exchange algorithm is used for key distribution and management. This is another popular Internet chat program. Microsoft Networks messenger service uses this protocol. An Internet chat program. A protocol for news groups. Network File System - NFS is a client/

server distributed file service that provides transparent file sharing for network environments. Network News Transport Protocol is the delivery mechanism for the USENET newsgroup service. Packet INternet Groper is a protocol that sends out ICMP echo requests to test whether or not a remote host is reachable. Post Office Protocol version 3 lets a client computer get e-mail from a POP3 server through a temporary connection (TCP/IP or other). Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol enables secure transfer of data over public networks. This is the control channel. PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) enables secure transfer of data over public networks. This is the data channel. Remote Command Service. A streaming audio service that enables real time sound over the web. Remote Execution Daemon. Remote Login. Remote Telnet. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Table 83 Commonly Used Services (continued) NAME PORT(S) 554 RTSP PROTOCOL TCP/UDP SFTP SMTP TCP TCP SNMP SNMP-TRAPS SQL-NET TCP/UDP TCP/UDP TCP SSH STRM WORKS SYSLOG TCP/UDP UDP UDP TACACS TELNET UDP TCP TFTP UDP 115 25 161 162 1521 22 1558 514 49 23 69 VDOLIVE TCP 7000 Appendix C Common Services DESCRIPTION The Real Time Streaming (media control) Protocol (RTSP) is a remote control for multimedia on the Internet. Simple File Transfer Protocol. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is the message-exchange standard for the Internet. SMTP enables you to move messages from one e-mail server to another. Simple Network Management Program. Traps for use with the SNMP (RFC:1215). Structured Query Language is an interface to access data on many different types of database systems, including mainframes, midrange systems, UNIX systems and network servers. Secure Shell Remote Login Program. Stream Works Protocol. Syslog allows you to send system logs to a UNIX server. Login Host Protocol used for (Terminal Access Controller Access Control System). Telnet is the login and terminal emulation protocol common on the Internet and in UNIX environments. It operates over TCP/

IP networks. Its primary function is to allow users to log into remote host systems. Trivial File Transfer Protocol is an Internet file transfer protocol similar to FTP, but uses the UDP (User Datagram Protocol) rather than TCP (Transmission Control Protocol). Another videoconferencing solution. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 233 Appendix C Common Services 234 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide APPENDIX D Legal Information Copyright Copyright 2008 by ZyXEL Communications Corporation. The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any part or as a whole, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, translated into any language, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, photocopying, manual, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of ZyXEL Communications Corporation. Published by ZyXEL Communications Corporation. All rights reserved. Disclaimers ZyXEL does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any products, or software described herein. Neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the patent rights of others. ZyXEL further reserves the right to make changes in any products described herein without notice. This publication is subject to change without notice. Your use of the ZyXEL Device is subject to the terms and conditions of any related service providers. Use with products that have NAT, and/or 3G. Do not use the ZyXEL Device for illegal purposes. Illegal downloading or sharing of files can result in severe civil and criminal penalties. You are subject to the restrictions of copyright laws and any other applicable laws, and will bear the consequences of any infringements thereof. ZyXEL bears NO responsibility or liability for your use of the download service feature. Use for products that have a download service. Make sure all data and programs on the ZyXEL Device are also stored elsewhere. ZyXEL is not responsible for any loss of or damage to any data, programs, or storage media resulting from the use, misuse, or disuse of this or any other ZyXEL product. Use for storage/backup devices. Trademarks ZyNOS (ZyXEL Network Operating System) is a registered trademark of ZyXEL Communications, Inc. Other trademarks mentioned in this publication are used for identification purposes only and may be properties of their respective owners. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 235 Appendix D Legal Information Certifications Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Interference Statement The device complies with Part 15 of FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two Conditions:

This device may not cause harmful interference. This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operations. This device has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This device generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy, and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this device does cause harmful interference to radio/television reception, which can be determined by turning the device off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

1 Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. 2 Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver. 3 Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. 4 Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. FCC Radiation Exposure Statement This equipment must be installed and operated in accordance with provided instructions and the antenna(s) used for this transmitter must be installed to provide a separation distance of at least 20 cm from all persons and must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. IEEE 802.11b or 802.11g operation of this product in the U.S.A. is firmware-limited to channels 1 through 11. End-users and installers must be provide with antenna installation instructions and transmitter operating conditions for satisfying RF exposure compliance. Appendix D Legal Information

Notices Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by the grantee of this device could void the user's authority to operate the equipment. This device has been designed for the WLAN 2.4 GHz network throughout the EC region and Switzerland, with restrictions in France. This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003. Cet appareil numrique de la classe B est conforme la norme NMB-003 du Canada. Viewing Certifications 1 Go to http://www.zyxel.com. 2 Select your product on the ZyXEL home page to go to that product's page. 3 Select the certification you wish to view from this page. Appendix D Legal Information ZyXEL Limited Warranty ZyXEL warrants to the original end user (purchaser) that this product is free from any defects in materials or workmanship for a period of up to two years from the date of purchase. During the warranty period, and upon proof of purchase, should the product have indications of failure due to faulty workmanship and/or materials, ZyXEL will, at its discretion, repair or replace the defective products or components without charge for either parts or labor, and to whatever extent it shall deem necessary to restore the product or components to proper operating condition. Any replacement will consist of a new or re-manufactured functionally equivalent product of equal or higher value, and will be solely at the discretion of ZyXEL. This warranty shall not apply if the product has been modified, misused, tampered with, damaged by an act of God, or subjected to abnormal working conditions. Note Repair or replacement, as provided under this warranty, is the exclusive remedy of the purchaser. This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, express or implied, including any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular use or purpose. ZyXEL shall in no event be held liable for indirect or consequential damages of any kind to the purchaser. To obtain the services of this warranty, contact your vendor. You may also refer to the warranty policy for the region in which you bought the device at http://www.zyxel.com/web/

support_warranty_info.php. Registration Register your product online to receive e-mail notices of firmware upgrades and information at www.zyxel.com. Appendix D Legal Information Appendix D Legal Information 240 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide APPENDIX E Customer Support In the event of problems that cannot be solved by using this manual, you should contact your vendor. If you cannot contact your vendor, then contact a ZyXEL office for the region in which you bought the device. Regional offices are listed below (see also http://

www.zyxel.com/web/contact_us.php). Please have the following information ready when you contact an office. Required Information Product model and serial number. Warranty Information. Date that you received your device. Brief description of the problem and the steps you took to solve it.

+ is the (prefix) number you dial to make an international telephone call. Corporate Headquarters (Worldwide) Support E-mail: support@zyxel.com.tw Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.com.tw Telephone: +886-3-578-3942 Fax: +886-3-578-2439 Web: www.zyxel.com Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications Corp., 6 Innovation Road II, Science Park, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan China - ZyXEL Communications (Beijing) Corp. Support E-mail: cso.zycn@zyxel.cn Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.cn Telephone: +86-010-82800646 Fax: +86-010-82800587 Address: 902, Unit B, Horizon Building, No.6, Zhichun Str, Haidian District, Beijing Web: http://www.zyxel.cn China - ZyXEL Communications (Shanghai) Corp. Support E-mail: cso.zycn@zyxel.cn Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.cn Telephone: +86-021-61199055 Fax: +86-021-52069033 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 241 Appendix E Customer Support Address: 1005F, ShengGao International Tower, No.137 XianXia Rd., Shanghai Web: http://www.zyxel.cn Costa Rica Support E-mail: soporte@zyxel.co.cr Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.co.cr Telephone: +506-2017878 Fax: +506-2015098 Web: www.zyxel.co.cr Regular Mail: ZyXEL Costa Rica, Plaza Roble Escaz, Etapa El Patio, Tercer Piso, San Jos, Costa Rica Czech Republic E-mail: info@cz.zyxel.com Telephone: +420-241-091-350 Fax: +420-241-091-359 Web: www.zyxel.cz Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications, Czech s.r.o., Modransk 621, 143 01 Praha 4 -

Modrany, Cesk Republika Denmark Support E-mail: support@zyxel.dk Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.dk Telephone: +45-39-55-07-00 Fax: +45-39-55-07-07 Web: www.zyxel.dk Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications A/S, Columbusvej, 2860 Soeborg, Denmark Finland Support E-mail: support@zyxel.fi Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.fi Telephone: +358-9-4780-8411 Fax: +358-9-4780-8448 Web: www.zyxel.fi Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications Oy, Malminkaari 10, 00700 Helsinki, Finland France E-mail: info@zyxel.fr Telephone: +33-4-72-52-97-97 Fax: +33-4-72-52-19-20 Web: www.zyxel.fr Regular Mail: ZyXEL France, 1 rue des Vergers, Bat. 1 / C, 69760 Limonest, France 242 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Appendix E Customer Support Germany Support E-mail: support@zyxel.de Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.de Telephone: +49-2405-6909-69 Fax: +49-2405-6909-99 Web: www.zyxel.de Regular Mail: ZyXEL Deutschland GmbH., Adenauerstr. 20/A2 D-52146, Wuerselen, Germany Hungary Support E-mail: support@zyxel.hu Sales E-mail: info@zyxel.hu Telephone: +36-1-3361649 Fax: +36-1-3259100 Web: www.zyxel.hu Regular Mail: ZyXEL Hungary, 48, Zoldlomb Str., H-1025, Budapest, Hungary India Support E-mail: support@zyxel.in Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.in Telephone: +91-11-30888144 to +91-11-30888153 Fax: +91-11-30888149, +91-11-26810715 Web: http://www.zyxel.in Regular Mail: India - ZyXEL Technology India Pvt Ltd., II-Floor, F2/9 Okhla Phase -1, New Delhi 110020, India Japan Support E-mail: support@zyxel.co.jp Sales E-mail: zyp@zyxel.co.jp Telephone: +81-3-6847-3700 Fax: +81-3-6847-3705 Web: www.zyxel.co.jp Regular Mail: ZyXEL Japan, 3F, Office T&U, 1-10-10 Higashi-Gotanda, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0022, Japan Kazakhstan Support: http://zyxel.kz/support Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.kz Telephone: +7-3272-590-698 Fax: +7-3272-590-689 Web: www.zyxel.kz Regular Mail: ZyXEL Kazakhstan, 43 Dostyk Ave., Office 414, Dostyk Business Centre, 050010 Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 243 Appendix E Customer Support Malaysia Support E-mail: support@zyxel.com.my Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.com.my Telephone: +603-8076-9933 Fax: +603-8076-9833 Web: http://www.zyxel.com.my Regular Mail: ZyXEL Malaysia Sdn Bhd., 1-02 & 1-03, Jalan Kenari 17F, Bandar Puchong Jaya, 47100 Puchong, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia North America Support E-mail: support@zyxel.com Support Telephone: +1-800-978-7222 Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.com Sales Telephone: +1-714-632-0882 Fax: +1-714-632-0858 Web: www.zyxel.com Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications Inc., 1130 N. Miller St., Anaheim, CA 92806-

2001, U.S.A. Norway Support E-mail: support@zyxel.no Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.no Telephone: +47-22-80-61-80 Fax: +47-22-80-61-81 Web: www.zyxel.no Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications A/S, Nils Hansens vei 13, 0667 Oslo, Norway Poland E-mail: info@pl.zyxel.com Telephone: +48-22-333 8250 Fax: +48-22-333 8251 Web: www.pl.zyxel.com Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications, ul. Okrzei 1A, 03-715 Warszawa, Poland Russia Support: http://zyxel.ru/support Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.ru Telephone: +7-095-542-89-29 Fax: +7-095-542-89-25 Web: www.zyxel.ru Regular Mail: ZyXEL Russia, Ostrovityanova 37a Str., Moscow 117279, Russia 244 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Appendix E Customer Support Singapore Support E-mail: support@zyxel.com.sg Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.com.sg Telephone: +65-6899-6678 Fax: +65-6899-8887 Web: http://www.zyxel.com.sg Regular Mail: ZyXEL Singapore Pte Ltd., No. 2 International Business Park, The Strategy

#03-28, Singapore 609930 Spain Support E-mail: support@zyxel.es Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.es Telephone: +34-902-195-420 Fax: +34-913-005-345 Web: www.zyxel.es Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications, Arte, 21 5 planta, 28033 Madrid, Spain Sweden Support E-mail: support@zyxel.se Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.se Telephone: +46-31-744-7700 Fax: +46-31-744-7701 Web: www.zyxel.se Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications A/S, Sjporten 4, 41764 Gteborg, Sweden Taiwan Support E-mail: support@zyxel.com.tw Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.com.tw Telephone: +886-2-27399889 Fax: +886-2-27353220 Web: http://www.zyxel.com.tw Address: Room B, 21F., No.333, Sec. 2, Dunhua S. Rd., Da-an District, Taipei Thailand Support E-mail: support@zyxel.co.th Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.co.th Telephone: +662-831-5315 Fax: +662-831-5395 Web: http://www.zyxel.co.th Regular Mail: ZyXEL Thailand Co., Ltd., 1/1 Moo 2, Ratchaphruk Road, Bangrak-Noi, Muang, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 245 Appendix E Customer Support Turkey Support E-mail: cso@zyxel.com.tr Telephone: +90 212 222 55 22 Fax: +90-212-220-2526 Web: http:www.zyxel.com.tr Address: Kaptanpasa Mahallesi Piyalepasa Bulvari Ortadogu Plaza N:14/13 K:6 Okmeydani/Sisli Istanbul/Turkey Ukraine Support E-mail: support@ua.zyxel.com Sales E-mail: sales@ua.zyxel.com Telephone: +380-44-247-69-78 Fax: +380-44-494-49-32 Web: www.ua.zyxel.com Regular Mail: ZyXEL Ukraine, 13, Pimonenko Str., Kiev 04050, Ukraine United Kingdom Support E-mail: support@zyxel.co.uk Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.co.uk Telephone: +44-1344-303044, 0845 122 0301 (UK only) Fax: +44-1344-303034 Web: www.zyxel.co.uk Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications UK Ltd., 11 The Courtyard, Eastern Road, Bracknell, Berkshire RG12 2XB, United Kingdom (UK) 246 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Index Index A Access point 65 See also AP. Address Assignment 56 Address mapping 99 Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) 60 Advanced Encryption Standard See AES. AES 226 antenna directional 229 gain 229 omni-directional 229 Any IP 59 How it works 60 note 60 Any IP Setup 62 Any IP table 185 AP 65 See also access point. AP (access point) 219 Application-level Firewalls 108 ATM Adaptation Layer 5 (AAL5) 81 Attack Alert 136 Attack Types 112 B Backup Type 91 Bandwidth Borrowing 170 bandwidth budget 165 bandwidth capacity 165 Bandwidth Class 165 bandwidth class 165 Bandwidth Filter 165 bandwidth filter 165 Bandwidth Management 165 Bandwidth Management Statistics 176 Bandwidth Manager Class Configuration 173 Bandwidth Manager Class Setup 172 Bandwidth Manager Monitor 177 Bandwidth Manager Summary 171 Basic Service Set, See BSS 217 Blocking Time 136 Borrow bandwidth from parent class 174 Brute-force Attack, 111 BSS 217 BW Budget 174 C CA 224 CBR (Continuous Bit Rate) 88 Certificate Authority See CA. certifications 236, 237 notices 236, 238 viewing 237, 239 change password at login 34 channel 65, 219 interference 219 Class Name 174 command interface 29, 30 Configuration 56, 185 contact information 241 Content Filtering 139 Categories 139 Schedule 141 Trusted computers 141 URL keyword blocking 140 Content filtering 139 copyright 235 CTS (Clear to Send) 220 Custom Ports Creating/Editing 128 customer support 241 Customized Services 128 Customized services 128 D default LAN IP address 33 Denial of Service 108, 109, 135, 136 Destination Address 121 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 247 Index device model number 189 DHCP 56, 57, 103, 185 DHCP server 185 DHCP table 185 diagnostic 187 dimensions 201 disclaimer 235 Domain Name 56, 97 Domain Name System 56 DoS 109 Basics 109 Types 110 DoS attacks, types of 110 DSL line, reinitialize 188 Dynamic DNS 103 dynamic WEP key exchange 225 DYNDNS Wildcard 103 E EAP Authentication 223 ECHO 97 E-mail Log Example 162 embedded help 35 Encapsulated Routing Link Protocol (ENET ENCAP) 81 Encapsulation 81 ENET ENCAP 81 PPP over Ethernet 81 PPPoA 81 RFC 1483 82 encryption 67, 226 and local (user) database 67 key 68 WPA compatible 68 ESS 218 ESSID 199 Extended Service Set, See ESS 218 F Fairness-based Scheduler 168 FCC interference statement 236, 237 file transfer using FTP command example 191 filename convention, configuration configuration file names 191 Finger 97 Firewall Access Methods 119 Address Type 127 Alerts 122 Anti-Probing 134 Creating/Editing Rules 125 Custom Ports 128 Enabling 122 Firewall Vs Filters 117 Guidelines For Enhancing Security 116 Introduction 108 LAN to WAN Rules 121 Policies 119 Rule Checklist 120 Rule Logic 120 Rule Security Ramifications 120 Services 133 Types 107 When To Use 118 firmware 189 upgrade 189 upload 189 upload error 190 fragmentation threshold 220 FTP 30, 96, 97, 143, 190 file transfer procedure 191 restrictions over WAN 192 FTP Restrictions 143 H Half-Open Sessions 135 hidden node 219 hide SSID 66 Host 37 HTTP 97, 108, 109, 110 HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) 189 humidity 201 I IANA 57, 58 IANA (Internet Assigned Number Authority) 128 IBSS 217 ICMP echo 111 IEEE 802.11g 221 IGMP 58, 59 Independent Basic Service Set 248 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide See IBSS 217 initialization vector (IV) 226 Install UPnP 149 Windows Me 149 Windows XP 150 Internet access 41 Internet access wizard setup 41, 49 Internet Assigned Numbers AuthoritySee IANA 57 Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) 111, 134 IP Address 57, 97, 185 IP Address Assignment 82 ENET ENCAP 83 PPPoA or PPPoE 82 RFC 1483 82 IP Pool Setup 56 IP protocol type 133 IP Spoofing 110, 113 K Key Fields For Configuring Rules 121 L LAN Setup 55, 81 LAN TCP/IP 57 LAN to WAN Rules 121 LAND 110, 111 LEDs 30 local (user) database 66 and encryption 67 Local Network Rule Summary 124 Logs 159 M MAC (Media Access Control) 185 MAC (Media Access Control) address. 77 MAC address 66 MAC address filter 66 MAC Address Filter Action 78 MAC Address Filtering 77 maintenance 181 management idle timeout period 34 Index managing the device good habits 30 using FTP. See FTP. using Telnet. See command interface. using the command interface. See command interface. using the web configurator. See web configurator. Maximize Bandwidth Usage 168 Maximum Burst Size (MBS) 84, 88 Max-incomplete High 135 Max-incomplete Low 135 Message Integrity Check (MIC) 226 Metric 83 Multicast 58 Multiplexing 82 multiplexing 82 LLC-based 82 VC-based 82 Multiprotocol Encapsulation 82 N Nailed-Up Connection 83 NAT 57, 96, 97 Address mapping rule 101 Application 94 Definitions 93 How it works 94 Mapping Types 95 What it does 94 What NAT does 94 NAT (Network Address Translation) 93 NAT mode 98 NAT Traversal 147 navigating the web configurator 34 NetBIOS commands 112 Network Management 97 NNTP 97 O One-Minute High 135 P Packet Filtering 117 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 249 Index Packet filtering When to use 117 Packet Filtering Firewalls 107 Pairwise Master Key (PMK) 226, 228 Peak Cell Rate (PCR) 84, 88 Ping of Death 110 Point to Point Protocol over ATM Adaptation Layer 5

(AAL5) 81 Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol 97 POP3 97, 109, 110 Port Numbers 97 power adaptor specifications 206 power specification 201 PPP session over Ethernet (PPP over Ethernet, RFC 2516) 81 PPPoE 84 Benefits 84 PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet) 84 PPTP 97 preamble mode 221 Priority 174 Priority-based Scheduler 168 product registration 239 Proportional Bandwidth Allocation 166 PSK 226 PVC (Permanent Virtual Circuit) 81 R RADIUS 222 message types 223 messages 223 shared secret key 223 RADIUS server 66 real-time application 165 registration product 239 reinitialize the ADSL line 188 related documentation 3 Remote Management and NAT 144 Remote Management Limitations 143 Reset button, the 34 resetting the Device 34 RFC 1483 82 RFC 1631 93 RIPSee Routing Information Protocol 58 Roaming 79 Root Class 172 Routing Information Protocol 58 Direction 58 Version 58 RTS (Request To Send) 220 threshold 219, 220 RTS (Request To Send) threshold 71 Rule Summary 123 Rules 121 Checklist 120 Key Fields 121 LAN to WAN 121 Logic 120 Predefined Services 133 Summary 123 S safety warnings 6 Saving the State 113 Scheduler 167 screws 205 Security In General 116 Security Ramifications 120 Server 95, 96 Service 121 Service Set IDentification 70 Service Set IDentity. See SSID. Service Type 129 Services 97 SMTP 97 Smurf 111, 112 SNMP 97 Source Address 121, 127 specifications 206 power adaptor 206 SSID 65, 70 hide 66 Stateful Inspection 107, 108, 113, 114 Process 114 SUA 96, 97 SUA (Single User Account) 96 SUA server 96, 98 Default server set 97 SUA vs NAT 96 SUA/NAT Server Set 99 Sub-class Layers 172 Subnet Mask 57, 127 Sustain Cell Rate (SCR) 88 Sustained Cell Rate (SCR) 84 SYN Flood 110, 111 SYN-ACK 111 250 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide syntax conventions 4 System Timeout 144 T TCP Maximum Incomplete 136 TCP Security 115 TCP/IP 109, 110, 144 Teardrop 110 Telnet 144 Telnet Configuration 144 temperature 201 Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) 226 TFTP Restrictions 143 Three-Way Handshake 110 Threshold Values 135 Traceroute 112 trademarks 235 Traffic Redirect 90 Traffic redirect 90, 92 Traffic shaping 84 U UBR (Unspecified Bit Rate) 88 UDP/ICMP Security 115 Universal Plug and Play 147 Application 147 Security issues 147 Universal Plug and Play Forum 148 UPnP 147 Upper Layer Protocols 115, 116 user authentication 66 local (user) database 66 RADIUS server 66 weaknesses 67 User Name 104 V VBR (Variable Bit Rate) 88 Virtual Channel Identifier (VCI) 82 virtual circuit (VC) 82 Virtual Path Identifier (VPI) 82 Voice-over-IP (VoIP) 165 Index VPI & VCI 82 W WAN (Wide Area Network) 81 WAN backup 90 WAN to LAN Rules 121 warranty 239 note 239 Web Configurator 33, 34, 35, 108, 116, 121 web configurator 29 web configurator screen summary 35 WEP encryption 72 Wi-Fi Protected Access 225 wireless channel 199 wireless client 65 wireless client WPA supplicants 227 Wireless LAN Configuring 70 wireless LAN 199 Wireless network basic guidelines 65 channel 65 encryption 67 example 65 MAC address filter 66 overview 65 security 66 SSID 65 Wireless security 66 overview 66 type 66 wireless security 199, 221 WLAN interference 219 security parameters 228 WPA 225 key caching 226 pre-authentication 226 user authentication 226 vs WPA-PSK 226 wireless client supplicant 227 with RADIUS application example 227 WPA compatible 68 WPA2 225 user authentication 226 vs WPA2-PSK 226 wireless client supplicant 227 with RADIUS application example 227 WPA2-Pre-Shared Key 225 WPA2-PSK 225, 226 application example 227 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 251 Index WPA-PSK 225, 226 application example 227 Z Zero configuration Internet access 85 ZyNOS (ZyXEL Network Operating System) 191 ZyXEL Firewall Introduction 108 252 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide Index P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide 253 Index 254 P-660W-Tx v2 Users Guide