FCC ID: I88P870HN51B 802.11n VDSL2 4-port Gateway

P-870HN-51b 802.11n VDSL2 4-port Gateway Default Login Details IP Address User Name Password http://192.168.1.1 admin 1234 Firmware Version 1.0 www.zyxel.com Edition 1, 9/2009 www.zyxel.com Copyright 2009 ZyXEL Communications Corporation About This User's Guide About This User's Guide Intended Audience This manual is intended for people who want to configure the ZyXEL Device using the web configurator. Related Documentation Quick Start Guide The Quick Start Guide is designed to help you get up and running right away. It contains information on setting up your network and configuring for Internet access. Support Disc Refer to the included CD for support documents. Documentation Feedback Send your comments, questions or suggestions to: techwriters@zyxel.com.tw Thank you!

The Technical Writing Team, ZyXEL Communications Corp., 6 Innovation Road II, Science-Based Industrial Park, Hsinchu, 30099, Taiwan. Need More Help?

More help is available at www.zyxel.com. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 3 About This User's Guide Download Library Search for the latest product updates and documentation from this link. Read the Tech Doc Overview to find out how to efficiently use the User Guide, Quick Start Guide and Command Line Interface Reference Guide in order to better understand how to use your product. Knowledge Base If you have a specific question about your product, the answer may be here. This is a collection of answers to previously asked questions about ZyXEL products. Forum This contains discussions on ZyXEL products. Learn from others who use ZyXEL products and share your experiences as well. Customer Support Should problems arise that cannot be solved by the methods listed above, you should contact your vendor. If you cannot contact your vendor, then contact a ZyXEL office for the region in which you bought the device. See http://www.zyxel.com/web/contact_us.php for contact information. Please have the following information ready when you contact an office. Product model and serial number. Warranty Information. Date that you received your device. Brief description of the problem and the steps you took to solve it. 4 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Document Conventions Document Conventions Warnings and Notes These are how warnings and notes are shown in this Users Guide. Warnings tell you about things that could harm you or your device. Note: Notes tell you other important information (for example, other things you may need to configure or helpful tips) or recommendations. Syntax Conventions The P-870HN-51b may be referred to as the ZyXEL Device, the device, the system or the product in this Users Guide. Product labels, screen names, field labels and field choices are all in bold font. A key stroke is denoted by square brackets and uppercase text, for example,

[ENTER] means the enter or return key on your keyboard. Enter means for you to type one or more characters and then press the

[ENTER] key. Select or choose means for you to use one of the predefined choices. A right angle bracket ( > ) within a screen name denotes a mouse click. For example, Maintenance > Log > Log Setting means you first click Maintenance in the navigation panel, then the Log sub menu and finally the Log Setting tab to get to that screen. Units of measurement may denote the metric value or the scientific value. For example, k for kilo may denote 1000 or 1024, M for mega may denote 1000000 or 1048576 and so on. e.g., is a shorthand for for instance, and i.e., means that is or in other words. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 5 Document Conventions Icons Used in Figures Figures in this Users Guide may use the following generic icons. The ZyXEL Device icon is not an exact representation of your device. ZyXEL Device Computer Notebook computer Server DSLAM Firewall Telephone Switch Router 6 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Safety Warnings Safety Warnings Do NOT use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming pool. Do NOT expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids. Do NOT store things on the device. Do NOT install, use, or service this device during a thunderstorm. There is a remote risk of electric shock from lightning. Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device. Do NOT open the device or unit. Opening or removing covers can expose you to dangerous high voltage points or other risks. ONLY qualified service personnel should service or disassemble this device. Please contact your vendor for further information. Make sure to connect the cables to the correct ports. Place connecting cables carefully so that no one will step on them or stumble over them. Always disconnect all cables from this device before servicing or disassembling. Use ONLY an appropriate power adaptor or cord for your device. Connect the power adaptor or cord to the right supply voltage (for example, 110V AC in North America or 230V AC in Europe). Do NOT allow anything to rest on the power adaptor or cord and do NOT place the product where anyone can walk on the power adaptor or cord. Do NOT use the device if the power adaptor or cord is damaged as it might cause electrocution. If the power adaptor or cord is damaged, remove it from the device and the power source. Do NOT attempt to repair the power adaptor or cord. Contact your local vendor to order a new one. Do not use the device outside, and make sure all the connections are indoors. There is a remote risk of electric shock from lightning. Do NOT obstruct the device ventilation slots, as insufficient airflow may harm your device. Use only No. 26 AWG (American Wire Gauge) or larger telecommunication line cord. Antenna Warning! This device meets ETSI and FCC certification requirements when using the included antenna(s). Only use the included antenna(s). If you wall mount your device, make sure that no electrical lines, gas or water pipes will be damaged. Your product is marked with this symbol, which is known as the WEEE mark. WEEE stands for Waste Electronics and Electrical Equipment. It means that used electrical and electronic products should not be mixed with general waste. Used electrical and electronic equipment should be treated separately. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 7 Safety Warnings 8 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Contents Overview Contents Overview Introduction ............................................................................................................................19 Introducing the ZyXEL Device ................................................................................................... 21 Tutorials ..................................................................................................................................... 27 Introducing the Web Configurator .............................................................................................. 49 Status Screens .......................................................................................................................... 55 Network ...................................................................................................................................65 WAN Setup ................................................................................................................................ 67 LAN Setup ................................................................................................................................. 93 Wireless LAN ........................................................................................................................... 101 Network Address Translation (NAT) ........................................................................................ 133 Security .................................................................................................................................145 Firewall .................................................................................................................................... 147 Certificate ................................................................................................................................ 153 Advanced ..............................................................................................................................165 Static Route ............................................................................................................................. 167 Policy Forwarding .................................................................................................................... 171 RIP ........................................................................................................................................... 175 Quality of Service (QoS) .......................................................................................................... 177 Dynamic DNS Setup ................................................................................................................ 191 Remote Management .............................................................................................................. 193 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) ............................................................................................. 199 Parental Control ....................................................................................................................... 213 Interface Group ........................................................................................................................ 217 Maintenance, Troubleshooting and Specifications ..........................................................223 System Settings ....................................................................................................................... 225 Logs ........................................................................................................................................ 229 Tools ........................................................................................................................................ 233 Diagnostic ................................................................................................................................ 241 Troubleshooting ....................................................................................................................... 247 Product Specifications ............................................................................................................. 253 Appendices and Index .........................................................................................................259 P-870HN-51b Users Guide 9 Contents Overview 10 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Table of Contents Table of Contents About This User's Guide ..........................................................................................................3 Document Conventions............................................................................................................5 Safety Warnings........................................................................................................................7 Contents Overview ...................................................................................................................9 Table of Contents....................................................................................................................11 Part I: Introduction................................................................................. 19 Chapter 1 Introducing the ZyXEL Device...............................................................................................21 1.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 21 1.2 Ways to Manage the ZyXEL Device .................................................................................... 21 1.3 Good Habits for Managing the ZyXEL Device ..................................................................... 22 1.4 Applications for the ZyXEL Device ...................................................................................... 22 1.4.1 Internet Access .......................................................................................................... 22 1.5 LEDs (Lights) ....................................................................................................................... 24 1.6 The RESET Button .............................................................................................................. 25 1.6.1 Using the Reset Button .............................................................................................. 26 1.7 The WPS WLAN Button ...................................................................................................... 26 1.7.1 Turn the Wireless LAN Off or On ............................................................................... 26 1.7.2 Activate WPS ............................................................................................................. 26 Chapter 2 Tutorials...................................................................................................................................27 2.1 How to Set up a Wireless Network ...................................................................................... 27 2.1.1 Example Parameters .................................................................................................. 27 2.1.2 Configuring the AP ..................................................................................................... 27 2.1.3 Configuring the Wireless Client .................................................................................. 30 2.2 How to Set up Multiple VDSL Connection Groups .............................................................. 37 2.2.1 Adding WAN Internet Connections ............................................................................. 37 2.2.2 Setting Interface Groups ............................................................................................ 42 2.2.3 Configuring Interface Group IP .................................................................................. 46 2.2.4 Testing the VDSL Connection Groups ....................................................................... 47 P-870HN-51b Users Guide 11 Table of Contents Chapter 3 Introducing the Web Configurator ........................................................................................49 3.1 Web Configurator Overview ................................................................................................. 49 3.1.1 Accessing the Web Configurator ................................................................................ 49 3.2 Web Configurator Main Screen ........................................................................................... 50 3.2.1 Navigation Panel ........................................................................................................ 51 3.2.2 Main Window .............................................................................................................. 53 3.2.3 Status Bar ................................................................................................................... 53 Chapter 4 Status Screens ........................................................................................................................55 4.1 Status Screen ...................................................................................................................... 55 4.1.1 WAN Service Statistics ............................................................................................... 59 4.1.2 Route Info ................................................................................................................... 60 4.1.3 WLAN Station List ...................................................................................................... 62 4.1.4 LAN Statistics ............................................................................................................. 63 4.1.5 Client List ................................................................................................................... 64 Part II: Network....................................................................................... 65 Chapter 5 WAN Setup...............................................................................................................................67 5.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 67 5.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .............................................................................. 67 5.2 What You Need to Know ...................................................................................................... 68 5.3 Before You Begin ................................................................................................................. 68 5.4 The Layer 2 Interface Screen .............................................................................................. 69 5.4.1 Layer 2 Interface Configuration .................................................................................. 70 5.5 The Internet Connection Screen .......................................................................................... 73 5.5.1 WAN Connection Configuration ................................................................................. 75 5.6 Technical Reference ............................................................................................................ 85 Chapter 6 LAN Setup................................................................................................................................93 6.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 93 6.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .............................................................................. 93 6.2 What You Need To Know ..................................................................................................... 94 6.3 The LAN IP Screen .............................................................................................................. 95 6.4 Technical Reference ............................................................................................................ 97 Chapter 7 Wireless LAN.........................................................................................................................101 12 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Table of Contents 7.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................ 101 7.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ............................................................................ 101 7.2 What You Need to Know .................................................................................................... 102 7.3 Before You Begin ............................................................................................................... 104 7.4 The General Screen ......................................................................................................... 105 7.4.1 No Security ............................................................................................................... 107 7.4.2 WEP Encryption ....................................................................................................... 108 7.4.3 WPA(2)-PSK ............................................................................................................ 109 7.4.4 WPA(2) Authentication ..............................................................................................111 7.4.5 MAC Filter ............................................................................................................112 7.4.6 Adding a New MAC Filtering Rule ........................................................................113 7.5 The More AP Screen .........................................................................................................114 7.5.1 More AP Edit .............................................................................................................115 7.6 The WPS Screen ...............................................................................................................115 7.7 The WPS Station Screen ...................................................................................................116 7.8 The WDS Screen ...............................................................................................................117 7.9 The Advanced Setup Screen .............................................................................................119 7.10 Technical Reference ........................................................................................................ 121 7.10.1 Wireless Network Overview ................................................................................... 121 7.10.2 Additional Wireless Terms ...................................................................................... 122 7.10.3 Wireless Security Overview ................................................................................... 123 7.10.4 WiFi Protected Setup ............................................................................................. 125 Chapter 8 Network Address Translation (NAT)....................................................................................133 8.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................... 133 8.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ............................................................................ 133 8.2 What You Need to Know .................................................................................................... 133 8.3 The Port Forwarding Screen ............................................................................................. 134 8.3.1 The Port Forwarding Edit Screen ............................................................................ 136 8.4 The Trigger Port Screen .................................................................................................... 137 8.4.1 Trigger Port Configuration ....................................................................................... 140 8.5 The DMZ Host Screen ....................................................................................................... 142 8.6 The ALG Screen ............................................................................................................... 142 8.7 Technical Reference .......................................................................................................... 143 Part III: Security.................................................................................... 145 Chapter 9 Firewall...................................................................................................................................147 9.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................... 147 P-870HN-51b Users Guide 13 Table of Contents 9.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ............................................................................ 147 9.2 What You Need to Know .................................................................................................... 147 9.3 The Firewall Screen ........................................................................................................... 148 9.3.1 Creating Incoming Firewall Rules .......................................................................... 150 Chapter 10 Certificate ..............................................................................................................................153 10.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 153 10.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................... 153 10.2 What You Need to Know .................................................................................................. 153 10.3 The Local Certificates Screen ......................................................................................... 154 10.3.1 Create Certificate Request .................................................................................... 155 10.3.2 Import Certificate ................................................................................................... 156 10.3.3 Certificate Details .................................................................................................. 158 10.3.4 Load Signed Certificate .......................................................................................... 160 10.4 The Trusted CA Screen ................................................................................................... 161 10.4.1 View Trusted CA Certificate ................................................................................... 163 10.4.2 Import Trusted CA Certificate ................................................................................. 164 Part IV: Advanced ................................................................................ 165 Chapter 11 Static Route ...........................................................................................................................167 11.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................... 167 11.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................... 167 11.2 The Static Route Screen .................................................................................................. 168 11.2.1 Static Route Edit ................................................................................................... 169 Chapter 12 Policy Forwarding.................................................................................................................171 12.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................... 171 12.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................... 171 12.2 The Static Route Screen .................................................................................................. 171 12.2.1 Policy Forwarding Setup ...................................................................................... 172 Chapter 13 RIP..........................................................................................................................................175 13.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................... 175 13.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................... 175 13.2 The RIP Screen ............................................................................................................... 175 14 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Table of Contents Chapter 14 Quality of Service (QoS).......................................................................................................177 14.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................... 177 14.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................... 177 14.2 What You Need to Know .................................................................................................. 178 14.3 The Quality of Service General Screen .......................................................................... 178 14.4 The Queue Setup Screen ................................................................................................ 180 14.4.1 Adding a QoS Queue ............................................................................................ 181 14.5 The Class Setup Screen ................................................................................................ 182 14.5.1 QoS Class Edit ...................................................................................................... 184 14.6 The QoS Monitor Screen ................................................................................................ 188 14.7 Technical Reference ........................................................................................................ 189 Chapter 15 Dynamic DNS Setup .............................................................................................................191 15.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................... 191 15.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................... 191 15.2 What You Need To Know ................................................................................................. 191 15.3 The Dynamic DNS Screen .............................................................................................. 192 Chapter 16 Remote Management............................................................................................................193 16.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 193 16.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................... 193 16.2 The TR-069 Screen ......................................................................................................... 193 16.3 The TR-064 Screen ......................................................................................................... 195 16.4 The Service Control Screen ............................................................................................ 196 16.5 The IP Address Screen ................................................................................................... 197 16.5.1 Adding an IP Address ............................................................................................ 198 Chapter 17 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)..........................................................................................199 17.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................... 199 17.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................... 199 17.2 What You Need to Know .................................................................................................. 199 17.3 The UPnP Screen ............................................................................................................ 200 17.4 Installing UPnP in Windows Example .............................................................................. 201 17.5 Using UPnP in Windows XP Example ............................................................................. 205 Chapter 18 Parental Control ....................................................................................................................213 18.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 213 18.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................... 213 P-870HN-51b Users Guide 15 Table of Contents 18.2 The Time Restriction Screen ........................................................................................... 213 18.2.1 Adding a Schedule ................................................................................................. 214 18.3 The URL Filter Screen ..................................................................................................... 215 18.3.1 Adding URL Filter ................................................................................................... 216 Chapter 19 Interface Group .....................................................................................................................217 19.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 217 19.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................... 217 19.2 The Interface Group Screen ............................................................................................ 217 19.2.1 Interface Group Configuration ................................................................................ 219 19.2.2 Interface Grouping Criteria ..................................................................................... 220 Part V: Maintenance, Troubleshooting and Specifications.............. 223 Chapter 20 System Settings....................................................................................................................225 20.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 225 20.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................... 225 20.2 The General Screen ........................................................................................................ 225 20.3 The Time Setting Screen ................................................................................................ 226 Chapter 21 Logs ......................................................................................................................................229 21.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................... 229 21.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................... 229 21.2 The View Log Screen ...................................................................................................... 229 21.3 The Log Settings Screen ................................................................................................. 230 Chapter 22 Tools.......................................................................................................................................233 22.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 233 22.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................... 233 22.2 The Firmware Screen ...................................................................................................... 234 22.3 The Configuration Screen ................................................................................................ 236 22.4 The Restart Screen ......................................................................................................... 238 Chapter 23 Diagnostic..............................................................................................................................241 23.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 241 23.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................... 241 16 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Table of Contents 23.2 What You Need to Know .................................................................................................. 241 23.3 The General Diagnostic Screen ...................................................................................... 242 23.4 The 802.1ag Screen ........................................................................................................ 243 23.5 The OAM Ping Test Screen ............................................................................................. 245 Chapter 24 Troubleshooting....................................................................................................................247 24.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs ...................................................................... 247 24.2 ZyXEL Device Access and Login .................................................................................... 248 24.3 Internet Access ................................................................................................................ 249 Chapter 25 Product Specifications .........................................................................................................253 25.1 Hardware Specifications .................................................................................................. 253 25.2 Firmware Specifications ................................................................................................... 253 25.3 Wireless Features ............................................................................................................ 257 Part VI: Appendices and Index ........................................................... 259 Appendix A Setting Up Your Computers IP Address...........................................................261 Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions ......................................291 Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting ...........................................................................301 Appendix D Wireless LANs ..................................................................................................313 Appendix E Common Services.............................................................................................329 Appendix F Open Software Announcements .......................................................................333 Appendix G Legal Information..............................................................................................339 Index.......................................................................................................................................343 P-870HN-51b Users Guide 17 Table of Contents 18 P-870HN-51b Users Guide PART I Introduction Introducing the ZyXEL Device (21) Tutorials (27) Introducing the Web Configurator (49) Status Screens (55) 19 20 CHAPTER 1 Introducing the ZyXEL Device This chapter introduces the main applications and features of the ZyXEL Device. It also introduces the ways you can manage the ZyXEL Device. 1.1 Overview The ZyXEL Device is a VDSL2 gateway that allows super-fast, secure Internet access over analog (POTS) telephone lines. It supports both Packet Transfer Mode

(PTM) and Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM). You can have multiple ADSL

(ADSL, ADSL2, ADSL2+) connections or multiple VDSL (VDSL, VDSL2) connections. you can use Quality of Service (QoS) to efficiently manage traffic on your network by giving priority to certain types of traffic and/or to particular computers. Please refer to the following description of the product name format. H denotes an integrated 4-port hub (switch). N denotes 802.11n draft 2.0. The N models support 802.11n wireless connection mode. Only use firmware for your ZyXEL Devices specific model. Refer to the label on the bottom of your ZyXEL Device. Models ending in 1, for example P-870HN-51, denote a device that works over the analog telephone system, POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service). See Chapter 25 on page 253 for a full list of features. 1.2 Ways to Manage the ZyXEL Device Use any of the following methods to manage the ZyXEL Device. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 21 Chapter 1 Introducing the ZyXEL Device Web Configurator. This is recommended for everyday management of the ZyXEL Device using a (supported) web browser. TR-069. This is an auto-configuration server used to remotely configure your device. 1.3 Good Habits for Managing the ZyXEL Device Do the following things regularly to make the ZyXEL Device more secure and to manage the ZyXEL Device more effectively. Change the password. Use a password thats not easy to guess and that consists of different types of characters, such as numbers and letters. Write down the password and put it in a safe place. Back up the configuration (and make sure you know how to restore it). Restoring an earlier working configuration may be useful if the device becomes unstable or even crashes. If you forget your password, you will have to reset the ZyXEL Device to its factory default settings. If you backed up an earlier configuration file, you would not have to totally re-configure the ZyXEL Device. You could simply restore your last configuration. 1.4 Applications for the ZyXEL Device Here are some example uses for which the ZyXEL Device is well suited. 1.4.1 Internet Access Your ZyXEL Device provides shared Internet access by connecting the DSL port to the DSL or MODEM jack on a splitter or your telephone jack. Computers can connect to the ZyXEL Devices LAN ports (or wirelessly). You can have multiple 22 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 1 Introducing the ZyXEL Device WAN services over one ADSL or VDSL line. The ZyXEL Device cannot work in ADSL and VDSL mode at the same time. Figure 1 ZyXEL Devices Internet Access Application LAN Bridging IPoE PPPoE ADSL / VDSL WAN WAN Internet IPoA / PPPoA ADSL Internet You can also configure IP filtering on the ZyXEL Device for secure Internet access. When the IP filter is on, all incoming traffic from the Internet to your network is blocked by default unless it is initiated from your network. This means that probes from the outside to your network are not allowed, but you can safely browse the Internet and download files. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 23 Chapter 1 Introducing the ZyXEL Device 1.5 LEDs (Lights) The following graphic displays the labels of the LEDs. Figure 2 The Front Panel of the Device:

24 P-870HN-51b Users Guide None of the LEDs are on if the ZyXEL Device is not receiving power. Chapter 1 Introducing the ZyXEL Device Table 1 LED Descriptions LED POWER COLOR STATUS Green On Blinking On Red ETHERNET 1-4 Green WLAN/

WPS Green Orange DSL Green Off On Blinking Off On Blinking Blinking Off On Blinking Orange On INTERNET Green Blinking Off On Red On Off DESCRIPTION The ZyXEL Device is receiving power and ready for use. The ZyXEL Device is self-testing. The ZyXEL Device detected an error while self-testing, or there is a device malfunction. The ZyXEL Device is not receiving power. The ZyXEL Device has an Ethernet connection with a device on the Local Area Network (LAN). The ZyXEL Device is sending/receiving data to /from the LAN. The ZyXEL Device does not have an Ethernet connection with the LAN. The wireless network is activated. The ZyXEL Device is communicating with other wireless clients. The ZyXEL Device is setting up a WPS connection. The wireless network is not activated. The ADSL line is up. The ZyXEL Device is initializing the ADSL line. The VDSL line is up. The ZyXEL Device is initializing the VDSL line. The DSL line is down. The ZyXEL Device has an IP connection but no traffic. Your device has a WAN IP address (either static or assigned by a DHCP server), PPP negotiation was successfully completed (if used) and the DSL connection is up. The ZyXEL Device attempted to make an IP connection but failed. Possible causes are no response from a DHCP server, no PPPoE response, PPPoE authentication failed. The ZyXEL Device does not have an IP connection. Refer to the Quick Start Guide for information on hardware connections. 1.6 The RESET Button If you forget your password or cannot access the web configurator, you will need to use the RESET button at the back of the device to reload the factory-default P-870HN-51b Users Guide 25 Chapter 1 Introducing the ZyXEL Device configuration file. This means that you will lose all configurations that you had previously and the password will be reset to 1234. You can also use the 1.6.1 Using the Reset Button 1 Make sure the POWER LED is on (not blinking). 2 To set the device back to the factory default settings, press the RESET button for ten seconds or until the POWER LED begins to blink and then release it. When the POWER LED begins to blink, the defaults have been restored and the device restarts. 1.7 The WPS WLAN Button You can use the WPS WLAN button at the rear panel of the device to turn the wireless LAN off or on. You can also use it to activate WPS in order to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security. 1.7.1 Turn the Wireless LAN Off or On 1 Make sure the POWER LED is on (not blinking). 2 Press the WPS WLAN button for one second and release it. The WLAN/WPS LED should change from on to off or vice versa. 1.7.2 Activate WPS 1 Make sure the POWER LED is on (not blinking). 2 Press the WPS WLAN button for more than five seconds and release it. Press the WPS button on another WPS -enabled device within range of the ZyXEL Device. The WLAN/WPS LED should flash while the ZyXEL Device sets up a WPS connection with the wireless device. Note: You must activate WPS in the ZyXEL Device and in another wireless device within two minutes of each other. See Section 7.10.4 on page 125 for more information. 26 P-870HN-51b Users Guide CHAPTER 2 Tutorials This chapter shows you how to set up a wireless network (see page 27) and how to set up multiple VDSL connection groups (see page 37). 2.1 How to Set up a Wireless Network This tutorial gives you examples of how to set up an access point and wireless client for wireless communication using the following parameters. The wireless clients can access the Internet through an AP wirelessly. 2.1.1 Example Parameters SSID Security SSID_Example3 WPA-PSK 802.11 mode

(Pre-Shared Key: ThisismyWPA-PSKpre-sharedkey) IEEE 802.11b/g An access point (AP) or wireless router is referred to as AP and a computer with a wireless network card or USB/PCI adapter is referred to as wireless client here. We use the ZyXEL Device web screens and M-302 utility screens as an example. The screens may vary slightly for different models. 2.1.2 Configuring the AP Follow the steps below to configure the wireless settings on your AP. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 27 Chapter 2 Tutorials 1 Open the Network > Wireless LAN screen in the APs web configurator. Figure 3 AP: Wireless LAN 2 Make sure the Active Wireless LAN check box is selected. 3 Enter SSID_Example3 as the SSID and select a channel which is not used by another AP. 4 Set security mode to WPA-PSK and enter ThisismyWPA-PSKpre-sharedkey in the Pre-Shared Key field. Click Apply. 28 P-870HN-51b Users Guide 5 Click the Advanced Setup tab and select 802.11b/g Mixed in the 802.11 Mode field. Click Apply. Figure 4 AP: Wireless LAN > Advanced Setup Chapter 2 Tutorials 6 Open the Status screen.Verify your wireless and wireless security settings under Device Information and check if the WLAN connection is up under Interface Status. Figure 5 AP: Status P-870HN-51b Users Guide 29 Chapter 2 Tutorials 7 Click the WLAN Station List hyperlink in the APs Status screen. You can see if any wireless client has connected to the AP. Figure 6 AP: Status: WLAN Station List 2.1.3 Configuring the Wireless Client This section describes how to connect the wireless client to a network. 2.1.3.1 Connecting to a Wireless LAN The following sections show you how to join a wireless network using the ZyXEL utility, as in the following diagram. The wireless client is labeled C and the access point is labeled AP. Internet C AP There are three ways to connect the client to an access point. Configure nothing and leave the wireless client to automatically scan for and connect to any available network that has no wireless security configured. Manually connect to a network. Configure a profile to have the wireless client automatically connect to a specific network or peer computer. 30 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 2 Tutorials This example illustrates how to manually connect your wireless client to an access point (AP) which is configured for WPA-PSK security and connected to the Internet. Before you connect to the access point, you must know its Service Set IDentity (SSID) and WPA-PSK pre-shared key. In this example, the SSID is SSID_Example3 and the pre-shared key is ThisismyWPA-PSKpre-sharedkey. After you install the ZyXEL utility and then insert the wireless client, follow the steps below to connect to a network using the Site Survey screen. 1 Open the ZyXEL utility and click the Site Survey tab to open the screen shown next. Figure 7 ZyXEL Utility: Site Survey 2 The wireless client automatically searches for available wireless networks. Click Scan if you want to search again. If no entry displays in the Available Network List, that means there is no wireless network available within range. Make sure the AP or peer computer is turned on or move the wireless client closer to the AP or peer computer. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 31 Chapter 2 Tutorials 3 When you try to connect to an AP with security configured, a window will pop up prompting you to specify the security settings. Enter the pre-shared key and leave the encryption type at the default setting. Use the Next button to move on to the next screen. You can use the Back button at any time to return to the previous screen, or the Exit button to return to the Site Survey screen. Figure 8 ZyXEL Utility: Security Settings 4 The Confirm Save window appears. Check your settings and click Save to continue. Figure 9 ZyXEL Utility: Confirm Save 32 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 2 Tutorials 5 The ZyXEL utility returns to the Link Info screen while it connects to the wireless network using your settings. When the wireless link is established, the ZyXEL utility icon in the system tray turns green and the Link Info screen displays details of the active connection. Check the network information in the Link Info screen to verify that you have successfully connected to the selected network. If the wireless client is not connected to a network, the fields in this screen remain blank. Figure 10 ZyXEL Utility: Link Info 6 Open your Internet browser and enter http://www.zyxel.com or the URL of any other web site in the address bar. If you are able to access the web site, your wireless connection is successfully configured. If you cannot access the web site, try changing the encryption type in the Security Settings screen, check the Troubleshooting section of this User's Guide or contact your network administrator. 2.1.3.2 Creating and Using a Profile A profile lets you automatically connect to the same wireless network every time you use the wireless client. You can also configure different profiles for different networks, for example if you connect a notebook computer to wireless networks at home and at work. This example illustrates how to set up a profile and connect the wireless client to an access point configured for WPA-PSK security. In this example, the SSID is SSID_Example3, the profile name is PN_Example3 and the pre-shared key is ThisismyWPA-PSKpre-sharedkey. You have chosen the profile name PN_Example3. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 33 Chapter 2 Tutorials 1 Open the ZyXEL utility and click the Profile tab to open the screen shown next. Click Add to configure a new profile. Figure 11 ZyXEL Utility: Profile 2 The Add New Profile screen appears. The wireless client automatically searches for available wireless networks, which are displayed in the Scan Info box. Click on Scan if you want to search again. You can also configure your profile for a wireless network that is not in the list. Figure 12 ZyXEL Utility: Add New Profile 3 Give the profile a descriptive name (of up to 32 printable ASCII characters). Select Infrastructure and either manually enter or select the AP's SSID in the Scan Info table and click Select. 34 P-870HN-51b Users Guide 4 Choose the same encryption method as the AP to which you want to connect (In this example, WPA-PSK). Figure 13 ZyXEL Utility: Profile Security Chapter 2 Tutorials 5 This screen varies depending on the encryption method you selected in the previous screen. Enter the pre-shared key and leave the encryption type at the default setting. Figure 14 ZyXEL Utility: Profile Encryption 6 In the next screen, leave both boxes checked. Figure 15 Profile: Wireless Protocol Settings. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 35 Chapter 2 Tutorials 7 Verify the profile settings in the read-only screen. Click Save to save and go to the next screen. Figure 16 Profile: Confirm Save 8 Click Activate Now to use the new profile immediately. Otherwise, click the Activate Later button. If you clicked Activate Later, you can select the profile from the list in the Profile screen and click Connect to activate it. Note: Only one profile can be activated and used at any given time. Figure 17 Profile: Activate 9 When you activate the new profile, the ZyXEL utility returns to the Link Info screen while it connects to the AP using your settings. When the wireless link is established, the ZyXEL utility icon in the system tray turns green and the Link Info screen displays details of the active connection. 10 Open your Internet browser, enter http://www.zyxel.com or the URL of any other web site in the address bar and press ENTER. If you are able to access the web site, your new profile is successfully configured. 11 If you cannot access the Internet go back to the Profile screen, select the profile you are using and click Edit. Check the details you entered previously. Also, refer to the Troubleshooting section of this User's Guide or contact your network administrator if necessary. 36 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 2 Tutorials 2.2 How to Set up Multiple VDSL Connection Groups This tutorial shows you how to set up two VDSL WAN connections for two LAN groups. GR1 will use VDSL connection 1. GR2 will use VDSL connection 2. There is also a third default group that has no WAN connection associated to it. Table 2 VDSL Connection Groups GROUP Default GR1 GR2 LAN LAN2 LAN1, WLAN LAN3, LAN4 Multiple VDSL Connection Groups WAN N/A VDSL1: ptm0_1(PTM/Bridge) VDSL2: ptm0_2(PTM/PPPoE) Default: LAN2 192.168.1.x GR1: LAN1, WLAN 192.168.2.x GR2: LAN3, 4 192.168.3.x VDSL1 ptm0_1(PTM/Bridge) VDSL2 ptm0_2(PTM/PPPoE) Internet 2.2.1 Adding WAN Internet Connections In this example, we will add 2 new WAN connections: PTM/Bridge and PTM/PPPoE. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 37 Chapter 2 Tutorials 2.2.1.1 Adding a PTM/Bridge WAN Service 1 Click Network > WAN > Layer 2 Interface. Select PTM as your interface, then click Add. 2 Select the MSC Mode as the PTM Connection Mode. Then click Apply/Save. 3 The PTM interface is added to the Layer 2 Interface screen. Click Network >

WAN > Internet Connection and click Add. 4 Select PTM0/(0_0_1) as the layer 2 interface for this service and click Next. 38 P-870HN-51b Users Guide 5 Select Bridging as the WAN service type. Then click Next to finish the setup. Chapter 2 Tutorials 6 The WAN setup summary is displayed. If the settings are correct, click Apply/

Save. 7 The PTM/Bridge WAN connection is configured successfully. The Internet Connection screen should look like the following. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 39 Chapter 2 Tutorials 2.2.1.2 Adding a PTM/PPPoE WAN Service 1 Click Network > WAN > Internet Connection and click Add. 2 Select PTM0/(0_0_1) as the layer 2 interface for this service and click Next. 3 Select PPP over Ethernet as the WAN service type. Then click Next. 40 P-870HN-51b Users Guide 4 Configure the PPP User and Password screen. The PPP Username is Service@ISP.net, the PPP Password is 1234, and the PPPoE Service Name is User. Click Next when you finish the settings. Chapter 2 Tutorials 5 Select pppoe_0_0_1_2/ppp0_2 as the WAN Interface. Then click Next. 6 Obtain DNS from the PPPoE WAN interface that you selected. Then click Next to finish the setup. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 41 Chapter 2 Tutorials 7 The WAN setup summary is displayed. If the settings are correct, click Apply/

Save. 8 The PTM/PPPoE WAN connection is configured successfully. The Internet Connection screen should look like the following. 2.2.2 Setting Interface Groups This part shows examples of creating multiple networks groups with the WAN services that you have configured in the previous section. 42 P-870HN-51b Users Guide 1 Click Advanced Setup > Interface Group to open the following screen. Click Add to create a new interface group GR1. Chapter 2 Tutorials 2 Enter GR1 as the Group Name. In this group, we will associate PTM/Bridge as the WAN interface with LAN1 and WL_ZyXEL01 (WLAN) as the LAN interfaces. Select br_0_0_1_1/ptm0_1(VDSL1) from the WAN Interface drop-down list. Select LAN1 and WL_ZyXEL01 (WLAN) from the Available LAN Interfaces list and click <- to add it to the Grouped LAN Interfaces. Click Apply to finish the settings. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 43 Chapter 2 Tutorials 3 GR1 has been added successfully to the interface group list. Click Add to create another interface group: GR2. 4 Enter GR2 as the Group Name. In this group, we will associate PTM/PPPoE as the WAN interface with LAN3 and LAN4 as the LAN interfaces. Select pppoe_0_0_1_2/ppp0_2 (VDSL2) from the WAN Interface drop-down list. Select LAN3 and LAN4 from the Available LAN Interfaces list and click <- to add them to the Grouped LAN Interfaces. Click Apply to finish the settings. 44 P-870HN-51b Users Guide 5 GR2 has been added successfully to the interface group list. The screen should look like the following. Chapter 2 Tutorials P-870HN-51b Users Guide 45 Chapter 2 Tutorials 2.2.3 Configuring Interface Group IP 1 Click Network > LAN > IP. Select GR1 from the GroupName drop-down list. The IP Address (192.168.2.1) and IP Subnet Mask (255.255.255.0) is obtained automatically. 46 P-870HN-51b Users Guide 2 Select GR2 from the GroupName drop-down list. The IP Address (192.168.3.1) and IP Subnet Mask (255.255.255.0) is obtained automatically. Select Active DHCP and DHCP Server to have the ZyXEL Device act as the DHCP server for the network. Click Apply when you finish the settings. Chapter 2 Tutorials 2.2.4 Testing the VDSL Connection Groups To test if the connection groups are successfully configured, you can do the following: connect your computer to LAN1 of the ZyXEL Device. After a few seconds, your computer gets a new IP from the WAN side. If you can access Internet by using this VDSL connection, GR1 is successfully configured. To test GR2, connect your computer to LAN3 or LAN4 of the ZyXEL Device. After a few seconds, the IP address of your computer should be renewed to 192.168.3.x automatically. If you can access Internet by using this VDSL connection, GR2 is successfully configured. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 47 Chapter 2 Tutorials 48 P-870HN-51b Users Guide CHAPTER 3 Introducing the Web Configurator This chapter describes how to access and navigate the web configurator. 3.1 Web Configurator Overview The web configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy device setup and management via Internet browser. Use Internet Explorer 6.0 and later or Netscape Navigator 7.0 and later versions. The recommended screen resolution is 1024 by 768 pixels. In order to use the web configurator you need to allow:

Web browser pop-up windows from your device. Web pop-up blocking is enabled by default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2. JavaScripts (enabled by default). Java permissions (enabled by default). See Appendix B on page 291 if you need to make sure these functions are allowed in Internet Explorer. 3.1.1 Accessing the Web Configurator 1 Make sure your ZyXEL Device hardware is properly connected (refer to the Quick Start Guide). Launch your web browser. Type "http://192.168.1.1" as the URL. 2 3 P-870HN-51b Users Guide 49 Chapter 3 Introducing the Web Configurator 4 A password screen displays. Enter the default admin user name admin and default admin password 1234. Otherwise, enter the default user name user and user password user. You cannot configure some settings with the user account. The password displays in non-readable characters. If you have changed the password, enter your password and click Login. Click Cancel to revert to the default password in the password field. Figure 18 Password Screen 3.2 Web Configurator Main Screen This guide uses the P-870HN-51b screenshots as an example. The screens may vary slightly for different ZyXEL Device models. A C Figure 19 Main Screen B D 50 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 3 Introducing the Web Configurator As illustrated above, the main screen is divided into these parts:

A - title bar B - navigation panel C - main window D - status bar 3.2.1 Navigation Panel Use the menu items on the navigation panel to open screens to configure ZyXEL Device features. The following tables describe each menu item. Table 3 Navigation Panel Summary LINK Status TAB FUNCTION This screen shows the ZyXEL Devices general device and network status information. Use this screen to access the statistics and client list. Network WAN LAN Layer 2 Interface Internet Connection IP Wireless LAN General NAT More AP WPS WPS Station WDS Advanced Setup Port Forwarding Trigger Port DMZ Host ALG Use this screen to add or remove a DSL PTM (Packet Transfer Mode) interface. Use this screen to configure ISP parameters, WAN IP address assignment, and other advanced properties. Use this screen to configure LAN TCP/IP, DHCP and IP alias settings. Use this screen to configure the wireless LAN settings, WLAN authentication/security settings and MAC filtering rules. Use this screen to configure multiple BSSs on the ZyXEL Device. Use this screen to enable WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup) and view the WPS status. Use this screen to use WPS to set up your wireless network. Use this screen to set up Wireless Distribution System links to other access points. Use this screen to configure the advanced wireless LAN settings. The NAT screens are available only when you enable NAT in a WAN connection. Use this screen to make your local servers visible to the outside world. Use this screen to change your ZyXEL Devices port triggering settings. Use this screen to configure a default server which receives packets from ports that are not specified in the Port Forwarding screen. Use this screen to allow SIP sessions to pass through the ZyXEL Device. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 51 Chapter 3 Introducing the Web Configurator Table 3 Navigation Panel Summary LINK Security TAB FUNCTION MAC Filter Firewall Incoming Certificate Local Certificates Trusted CA Advanced Use this screen to configure filtering rule(s) that blocks or allows traffic according to its destination and/or source MAC address in bridge mode. This screen shows a summary of the IP filtering rules, and allows you to add or remove an incoming IP filtering rule that allows incoming traffic from the WAN. Use this screen to view a summary list of certificates and manage certificates and certification requests. Use this screen to view and manage the list of the trusted CAs. Static Route IP Static Route Use this screen to configure IP static routes to tell your device Policy Forwarding RIP QoS General Queue Setup Class Setup Monitor Dynamic DNS Remote MGMT TR069 TR064 Service Control IP Address General Time Restriction URL Filter UPnP Parental Control Interface Group Maintenance about networks beyond the directly connected remote nodes. Use this screen to configure policy routing on the ZyXEL Device. Use this screen to configure RIP (Routing Information Protocol) settings. Use this screen to enable QoS. Use this screen to configure QoS queues. Use this screen to define a classifier. Use this screen to view QoS packets statistics. This screen allows you to use a static hostname alias for a dynamic IP address. Use this screen to configure the ZyXEL Device to be managed by an ACS (Auto Configuration Server). Use this screen to enable management via TR-064 on the LAN. Use this screen to configure which services/protocols can access which ZyXEL Device interface. Use this screen to configure from which IP address(es) users can manage the ZyXEL Device. Use this screen to turn UPnP on or off. Use this screen to configure the days and times when the restrictions are enforced. Use this screen to prevent users of your network from viewing inappropriate web content. Use this screen to map a port to a PVC or bridge group. System General Logs Time Setting View Log Log Settings Use this screen to configure your devices name, domain name, management inactivity timeout and password. Use this screen to change your ZyXEL Devices time and date. Use this screen to view the logs for the level that you selected. Use this screen to change your ZyXEL Devices log settings. 52 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 3 Introducing the Web Configurator Table 3 Navigation Panel Summary LINK Tools Diagnostic TAB Firmware Configuration Restart General 802.1ag FUNCTION Use this screen to upload firmware to your device. Use this screen to backup and restore your devices configuration

(settings) or reset the factory default settings. This screen allows you to reboot the ZyXEL Device without turning the power off. Use this screen to test the connections to other devices. Use this screen to configure CFM (Connectivity Fault Management) MD (maintenance domain) and MA (maintenance association), perform connectivity tests and view test reports. 3.2.2 Main Window The main window displays information and configuration fields. It is discussed in the rest of this document. Right after you log in, the Status screen is displayed. See Chapter 4 on page 55 for more information about the Status screen. 3.2.3 Status Bar Check the status bar when you click Apply or OK to verify that the configuration has been updated. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 53 Chapter 3 Introducing the Web Configurator 54 P-870HN-51b Users Guide CHAPTER 4 Status Screens Use the Status screens to look at the current status of the device, system resources and interfaces (LAN and WAN). The Status screen also provides detailed information from DHCP and statistics from traffic. 4.1 Status Screen Click Status to open this screen. Figure 20 Status Screen P-870HN-51b Users Guide 55 Chapter 4 Status Screens Each field is described in the following table. DESCRIPTION Table 4 Status Screen LABEL Refresh Interval Enter how often you want the ZyXEL Device to update this screen. Apply Device Information Click this to update this screen immediately. User Name Model Number MAC Address Firmware Version DSL Firmware Version WAN Information Mode IP Address IP Subnet Mask LAN Information IP Address IP Subnet Mask DHCP This field displays the ZyXEL Device system name. It is used for identification. Click this to go to the screen where you can change it. This is the model name of your device. This is the MAC (Media Access Control) or Ethernet address unique to your ZyXEL Device. This field displays the current version of the firmware inside the device. It also shows the date the firmware version was created. Click this to go to the screen where you can change it. This field displays the current version of the devices DSL modem code. This is the method of encapsulation used by your ISP. This field displays the current IP address of the ZyXEL Device in the WAN. This field displays the current subnet mask in the WAN. This field displays the current IP address of the ZyXEL Device in the LAN. Click this to go to the screen where you can change it. This field displays the current subnet mask in the LAN. This field displays what DHCP services the ZyXEL Device is providing to the LAN. Choices are:

Server - The ZyXEL Device is a DHCP server in the LAN. It assigns IP addresses to other computers in the LAN. Relay - The ZyXEL Device acts as a surrogate DHCP server and relays DHCP requests and responses between the remote server and the clients. None - The ZyXEL Device is not providing any DHCP services to the LAN. Click this to go to the screen where you can change it. WLAN Information Channel This is the channel number used by the ZyXEL Device now. 56 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 4 Status Screens Table 4 Status Screen LABEL WPS Status WDS Status AP Information ESSID Status Security System Status System Uptime Current Date/Time System Mode CPU Usage Memory Usage DESCRIPTION This field displays the status of WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup). Click this to go to the screen where you can change it. This field displays AP when WDS is disabled. Bridge when the ZyXEL Device functions as a wireless network bridge only to use WDS (Wireless Distribution System) to establish wireless links with other APs. AP+Bridge when WDS is enabled and the ZyXEL Device acts as a bridge and access point simultaneously. Click this to go to the screen where you can change it This is the descriptive name used to identify the ZyXEL Device in this wireless network. Click this to go to the screen where you can change it. This shows the current status of the wireless network. This shows the level of wireless security the ZyXEL Device is using in this wireless network. This field displays how long the ZyXEL Device has been running since it last started up. The ZyXEL Device starts up when you plug it in, when you restart it (Maintenance > Tools > Restart), or when you reset it

(see Section 1.6 on page 25). This field displays the current date and time in the ZyXEL Device. You can change this in Maintenance > System > Time Setting. This displays whether the ZyXEL Device is functioning as a router or a bridge. This field displays what percentage of the ZyXEL Devices processing ability is currently used. When this percentage is close to 100%, the ZyXEL Device is running at full load, and the throughput is not going to improve anymore. If you want some applications to have more throughput, you should turn off other applications (for example, using QoS; see Chapter 14 on page 177). This field displays what percentage of the ZyXEL Devices memory is currently used. Usually, this percentage should not increase much. If memory usage does get close to 100%, the ZyXEL Device is probably becoming unstable, and you should restart the device. See Section 22.4 on page 238, or turn off the device (unplug the power) for a few seconds. Interface Status Interface This column displays each interface the ZyXEL Device has. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 57 Chapter 4 Status Screens Table 4 Status Screen LABEL Status DESCRIPTION This field indicates whether or not the ZyXEL Device is using the interface. For the DSL interface, this field displays LinkDown (line is down) or Up

(line is up or connected). For the LAN interface, this field displays Up when the ZyXEL Device is using the interface and NoLink when the line is disconnected. For the WLAN interface, it displays Up when WLAN is enabled or Disabled when WLAN is not active. For the DSL interface, it displays the downstream and upstream transmission rate. For the LAN interface, this displays the port speed and duplex setting. For the WLAN interface, it displays the maximum transmission rate. Rate More Status WAN Service Statistics Route Info WLAN Station List LAN Statistics Client List Click this link to view packet specific statistics of the WAN connection(s). See Section 4.1.1 on page 59. Click this link to view the internal routing table on the ZyXEL Device. See Section 4.1.2 on page 60. Click this link to display the MAC address(es) of the wireless stations that are currently associating with the ZyXEL Device. See Section 4.1.3 on page 62. Click this link to view packet specific statistics on the LAN and WLAN interfaces. See Section 4.1.4 on page 63. Click this link to view current DHCP client information. See Section 4.1.5 on page 64. 58 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 4 Status Screens 4.1.1 WAN Service Statistics Click Status > WAN Service Statistics to access this screen. Use this screen to view the WAN statistics. Figure 21 Status > WAN Service Statistics The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 5 Status > WAN Service Statistics LABEL Interface DESCRIPTION This shows the name of the WAN interface used by this connection. The default name ipoa*, pppoa*, atm* or ptm* indicates the DSL port. pppx (where x starts from 0 and is the index number of PPP connection on the ZyXEL Device) indicates a PPP connection via any one of the WAN interface. The number after the dot (.) represents the VLAN ID number assigned to traffic sent through this connection. The number after the underscore

(_) represents the index number of connections through the same interface. Description

(null) means the entry is not valid. This shows the descriptive name of this connection. 0 and 35 or 0 and 1 are the default VPI and VCI numbers. The last number represents the index number of connections over the same PVC or the VLAN ID number assigned to traffic sent through this connection.

(null) means the entry is not valid. Received Bytes This indicates the number of bytes received on this interface. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 59 Chapter 4 Status Screens Drops Transmitted Bytes Pkts Errs Drops Refresh Interval Set Interval Stop 4.1.2 Route Info Table 5 Status > WAN Service Statistics (continued) LABEL Pkts Errs DESCRIPTION This indicates the number of transmitted packets on this interface. This indicates the number of frames with errors received on this interface. This indicates the number of received packets dropped on this interface. This indicates the number of bytes transmitted on this interface. This indicates the number of transmitted packets on this interface. This indicates the number of frames with errors transmitted on this interface. This indicates the number of outgoing packets dropped on this interface. Enter the time interval for refreshing statistics in this field. Click this button to apply the new poll interval you entered in the Refresh Interval field. Click Stop to stop refreshing statistics. Routing is based on the destination address only and the ZyXEL Device takes the shortest path to forward a packet. Click Status > Route Info to access this screen. Use this screen to view the internal routing table on the ZyXEL Device. Figure 22 Status > Route Info The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 6 Status > Route Info DESCRIPTION LABEL This indicates the destination IP address of this route. Destination Gateway This indicates the IP address of the gateway that helps forward this routes traffic. This indicates the destination subnet mask of this route. Subnet Mask 60 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 4 Status Screens Table 6 Status > Route Info (continued) LABEL Flag DESCRIPTION This indicates the route status. Up: The route is up.

!(Reject): The route is blocked and will force a route lookup to fail. Gateway: The route uses a gateway to forward traffic. Host: The target of the route is a host. Reinstate: The route is reinstated for dynamic routing. Dynamic (redirect): The route is dynamically installed by a routing daemon or redirect Modified (redirect): The route is modified from a routing daemon or redirect. The metric represents the "cost of transmission". A router determines the best route for transmission by choosing a path with the lowest "cost". The smaller the number, the lower the "cost". This indicates the name of the service used to forward the route. This indicates the name of the interface through which the route is forwarded. br* indicates the LAN interface. ptm* indicates the VDSL WAN interface using IPoE or in bridge mode. atm* indicates the ADSL WAN interface using IPoE or in bridge mode. pppoa* indicates the ADSL WAN interface using PPPoA. ipoa* indicates the ADSL WAN interface using IPoA. Metric Service Interface P-870HN-51b Users Guide 61 Chapter 4 Status Screens 4.1.3 WLAN Station List Click Status > WLAN Station List to access this screen. Use this screen to view the wireless stations that are currently associated to the ZyXEL Device. Figure 23 Status > WLAN Station List The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 7 Status > WLAN Station List LABEL MAC DESCRIPTION This field shows the MAC (Media Access Control) address of an associated wireless station. This field shows the SSID to which the wireless station is connected. This field shows the wireless interface to which the wireless station is connected. Enter the time interval for refreshing statistics in this field. Click this button to apply the new poll interval you entered in the Refresh Interval field. Click Stop to stop refreshing statistics. SSID Interface Refresh Interval Set Interval Stop 62 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 4 Status Screens 4.1.4 LAN Statistics Click Status > LAN Statistics to access this screen. Use this screen to view the LAN statistics. Figure 24 Status > LAN Statistics The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 8 Status > LAN Statistics LABEL Interface DESCRIPTION This shows the LAN or WLAN interface. eth0~3 represent the physical Ethernet ports 1~ 4. Received Bytes Pkts Errs Drops Transmitted Bytes Pkts Errs Drops Refresh Interval Set Interval Stop This indicates the number of bytes received on this interface. This indicates the number of transmitted packets on this interface. This indicates the number of frames with errors received on this interface. This indicates the number of received packets dropped on this interface. This indicates the number of bytes transmitted on this interface. This indicates the number of transmitted packets on this interface. This indicates the number of frames with errors transmitted on this interface. This indicates the number of outgoing packets dropped on this interface. Enter the time interval for refreshing statistics in this field. Click this button to apply the new poll interval you entered in the Refresh Interval field. Click Stop to stop refreshing statistics. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 63 Chapter 4 Status Screens 4.1.5 Client List DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual clients to obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can configure the ZyXEL Device as a DHCP server or disable it. When configured as a server, the ZyXEL Device provides the TCP/IP configuration for the clients. If DHCP service is disabled, you must have another DHCP server on your LAN, or else the computer must be manually configured. Click Status > Client List to open the following screen. The read-only DHCP table shows current DHCP client information (including IP Address, Host Name and MAC Address) of all network clients using the ZyXEL Devices DHCP server. Figure 25 Status > Client List The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 9 Status > Client List LABEL Host Name MAC Address DESCRIPTION This indicates the computer host name. Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. IP Address This indicates the MAC address of the client computer. This indicates the IP address assigned to this client computer. 64 P-870HN-51b Users Guide PART II Network WAN Setup (67) LAN Setup (93) Wireless LAN (101) Network Address Translation (NAT) (133) 65 66 CHAPTER 5 WAN Setup 5.1 Overview This chapter discusses the ZyXEL Devices WAN screens. Use these screens to configure your ZyXEL Device for Internet access. A WAN (Wide Area Network) connection is an outside connection to another network or the Internet. It connects your private networks (such as a LAN (Local Area Network) and other networks, so that a computer in one location can communicate with computers in other locations. Figure 26 LAN and WAN LAN WAN Internet See Section 5.6 on page 85 for advanced technical information on WAN. 5.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter The Layer 2 Interface screen lets you view, remove or add a layer-2 WAN interface (Section 5.4 on page 69). The Internet Connection screen lets you view and configure the WAN settings on the ZyXEL Device for Internet access (Section 5.5 on page 73). P-870HN-51b Users Guide 67 Chapter 5 WAN Setup 5.2 What You Need to Know Encapsulation Method Encapsulation is used to include data from an upper layer protocol into a lower layer protocol. To set up a WAN connection to the Internet, you need to use the same encapsulation method used by your ISP (Internet Service Provider). If your ISP offers a dial-up Internet connection using PPPoE (PPP over Ethernet) or PPPoA, they should also provide a username and password (and service name) for user authentication. WAN IP Address The WAN IP address is an IP address for the ZyXEL Device, which makes it accessible from an outside network. It is used by the ZyXEL Device to communicate with other devices in other networks. It can be static (fixed) or dynamically assigned by the ISP each time the ZyXEL Device tries to access the Internet. If your ISP assigns you a static WAN IP address, they should also assign you the subnet mask and DNS server IP address(es) (and a gateway IP address if you use the Ethernet or ENET ENCAP encapsulation method). ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a LAN and WAN networking technology that provides high-speed data transfer. ATM uses fixed-size packets of information called cells. With ATM, a high QoS (Quality of Service) can be guaranteed. ATM uses a connection-oriented model and establishes a virtual circuit (VC) between two endpoints before the actual data exchange begins. PTM Packet Transfer Mode (PTM) is packet-oriented and supported by the VDSL2 standard. In PTM, packets are encapsulated directly in the High-level Data Link Control (HDLC) frames. It is designed to provide a low-overhead, transparent way of transporting packets over DSL links, as an alternative to ATM. 5.3 Before You Begin You need to know your Internet access settings such as encapsulation and WAN IP address. Get this information from your ISP. 68 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 5 WAN Setup 5.4 The Layer 2 Interface Screen The ZyXEL Device must have a layer-2 interface to allow users to use the DSL port to access the Internet. The screen varies depending on the interface type you select. Note: The ATM and PTM layer-2 interfaces cannot work at the same time. Figure 27 Layer 2 Interface: PTM Figure 28 Layer 2 Interface: ATM The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 10 Layer 2 Interface LABEL Interface DESCRIPTION Select an interface for which you want to configure here. PTM: The ZyXEL Device uses the VDSL technology for data transmission over the DSL port. ATM: The ZyXEL Device uses the ADSL technology for data transmission over the DSL port. This is the name of the interface. This is the Virtual Path Identifier (VPI). This is the Virtual Channel Identifier (VCI). This is the ATM traffic class. This is the DSL link type of the ATM layer-2 interface. Interface Vpi Vci Category Link Type P-870HN-51b Users Guide 69 Chapter 5 WAN Setup Table 10 Layer 2 Interface (continued) LABEL Connection Mode This shows the connection mode of the layer-2 interface. QoS DESCRIPTION Remove Add This shows whether QoS (Quality of Service) is enabled on the ZyXEL Device. Click the Remove button to delete this interface from the ZyXEL Device. A window displays asking you to confirm that you want to delete the interface. You cannot remove the layer-2 interface when a WAN service is associated with it. Click this button to create a new layer-2 interface. 5.4.1 Layer 2 Interface Configuration Click the Add button in the Layer 2 Interface screen to open the following screen. Use this screen to create a new layer-2 interface. At the time of writing, you can configure only one PTM interface on the ZyXEL Device. You can have multiple ATM layer-2 interfaces using different VPI and/or VCI values. The screen varies depending on the interface type you select. 70 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 5 WAN Setup Figure 29 DSL ATM Interface Configuration Figure 30 DSL PTM Interface Configuration P-870HN-51b Users Guide 71 Chapter 5 WAN Setup The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 11 DSL PTM Interface Configuration LABEL ATM PVC Configuration VPI VCI Select DSL Link Type DESCRIPTION VPI (Virtual Path Identifier) and VCI (Virtual Channel Identifier) define a virtual circuit. This section is available only when you configure an ATM layer-2 interface. The valid range for the VPI is 0 to 255. Enter the VPI assigned to you. The valid range for the VCI is 32 to 65535 (0 to 31 is reserved for local management of ATM traffic). Enter the VCI assigned to you. Select EoA (Ethernet over ATM) to have an Ethernet header in the packet, so that you can have multiple services/connections over one PVC. You can set each connection to have its own MAC address or all connections share one MAC address but use different VLAN IDs for different services. EoA supports ENET ENCAP (IPoE), PPPoE and RFC1483/2684 bridging encapsulation methods. Select PPPoA (PPP over ATM) to allow just one PPPoA connection over a PVC. Encapsulation Mode Select IPoA (IP over ATM) to allow just one RFC 1483 routing connection over a PVC. Select the method of multiplexing used by your ISP from the drop-

down list. Choices are:

VC/MUX: In VC multiplexing, each protocol is carried on a single ATM virtual circuit (VC). To transport multiple protocols, the ZyXEL Device needs separate VCs. There is a binding between a VC and the type of the network protocol carried on the VC. This reduces payload overhead since there is no need to carry protocol information in each Protocol Data Unit (PDU) payload. LLC/SNAP-BRIDGING: In LCC encapsulation, bridged PDUs are encapsulated by identifying the type of the bridged media in the SNAP header. This is available only when you select EoA in the Select DSL Link Type field. LLC/ENCAPSULATION: More than one protocol can be carried over the same VC. This is available only when you select PPPoA in the Select DSL Link Type field. LLC/SNAP-ROUTING: In LCC encapsulation, bridged PDUs are encapsulated by identifying the type of the bridged media in the SNAP header. This is available only when you select EoA in the Select DSL Link Type field. Service Category Select UBR Without PCR or UBR With PCR for applications that are non-time sensitive, such as e-mail. Select CBR (Continuous Bit Rate) to specify fixed (always-on) bandwidth for voice or data traffic. Select Realtime VBR (real-time Variable Bit Rate) for applications with bursty connections that require closely controlled delay and delay variation. Select Non Realtime VBR (non real-time Variable Bit Rate) for connections that do not require closely controlled delay and delay variation. 72 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 5 WAN Setup Table 11 DSL PTM Interface Configuration (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Peak Cell Rate Divide the DSL line rate (bps) by 424 (the size of an ATM cell) to find the Peak Cell Rate (PCR). This is the maximum rate at which the sender can send cells. Type the PCR here. Sustainable Cell Rate This field is not available when you select UBR Without PCR. The Sustain Cell Rate (SCR) sets the average cell rate (long-term) that can be transmitted. Type the SCR, which must be less than the PCR. Note that system default is 0 cells/sec. Maximum Burst Size This field is available only when you select Non Realtime VBR or Realtime VBR. Maximum Burst Size (MBS) refers to the maximum number of cells that can be sent at the peak rate. Type the MBS, which is less than 65535. Select Connection Mode This field is available only when you select Non Realtime VBR or Realtime VBR. Select Default Mode to allow only one WAN service over a single virtual circuit. Select VLAN MUX Mode to allow multiplexing of multiple protocols over a single virtual circuit. You need to assign a VLAN ID and priority level to traffic through each WAN connection. All WAN connections share one MAC address. Select MSC Mode to allow multiple WAN services over a single virtual circuit. Each WAN connection has its own MAC address. This field is not available if you select PPPoA or IPoA as the DSL link type. The ZyXEL Device uses Default Mode automatically for PPPoA or IPoA. Select this option to activate QoS (Quality of Service) on this interface to group and prioritize traffic. Traffic is grouped according to the VLAN group. This field is not available when you select CBR or Realtime VBR. Click this button to return to the previous screen without saving any changes. Click this button to save your changes and go back to the previous screen. Enable Quality Of Service Back Apply/Save 5.5 The Internet Connection Screen Use this screen to change your ZyXEL Devices WAN settings. Click Network >

WAN > Internet Connection. The summary table shows you the configured WAN services (connections) on the ZyXEL Device. To use NAT, firewall or IGMP proxy in the ZyXEL Device, you need to configure a WAN connection with PPPoE or IPoE. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 73 Chapter 5 WAN Setup Note: When a layer-2 interface is in VLAN MUX Mode or MSC Mode, you can configure up to eight WAN services for each interface. Figure 31 Internet Connection The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 12 Internet Connection LABEL Interface DESCRIPTION This shows the name of the interface used by this connection. A default name ipoa*, pppoa*, atm* or ptm* indicates DSL port. The pppx name (where x starts from 0 and is the index number of PPP connection on the ZyXEL Device) indicates a PPP connection via any one of the WAN interface. The number after the dot (.) represents the VLAN ID number assigned to traffic sent through this connection. The number after the underscore (_) represents the index number of connections through the same interface. Description

(null) means the entry is not valid. This is the service name of this connection. 0 and 35 or 0 and 1 are the default VPI and VCI numbers. The last number represents the index number of connections over the same PVC or the VLAN ID number assigned to traffic sent through this connection.

(null) means the entry is not valid. This shows the method of encapsulation used by this connection. This shows the maximum data rate (in Kbps) allowed for traffic sent through this connection. This displays N/A when there is no limit on transmission rate. This indicates the 802.1P priority level assigned to traffic sent through this connection. This displays N/A when there is no priority level assigned. This indicates the VLAN ID number assigned to traffic sent through this connection. This displays N/A when there is no VLAN ID number assigned. This shows the index number of each connection. This displays N/A when the interface used by the connection is in Default Mode. Type Rate Vlan8021p VlanMuxId ConnId 74 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 5 WAN Setup Table 12 Internet Connection LABEL IGMP DESCRIPTION This shows whether IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is activated or not for this connection. IGMP is not available when the connection uses the bridging service. This shows whether NAT is activated or not for this interface. NAT is not available when the connection uses the bridging service. This shows whether the firewall is activated or not for this connection. The firewall is not available when the connection uses the bridging service. Click the Edit icon to configure the WAN connection. Click the Remove icon to delete the WAN connection. Click Add to create a new connection. NAT Firewall Modify Add 5.5.1 WAN Connection Configuration Click the Edit or Add button in the WAN Service screen to configure a WAN connection. 5.5.1.1 WAN Interface This screen displays when you add a new WAN connection. Figure 32 WAN Configuration: WAN Interface The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 13 WAN Configuration: WAN Interface LABEL Select a layer 2 interface for this service DESCRIPTION Select ptm0 to use the DSL port as the WAN port and use the VDSL technology for data transmission. Select atm0 to use the DSL port as the WAN port and use the ADSL technology for data transmission. Click this button to return to the previous screen. Click this button to continue. Back Next P-870HN-51b Users Guide 75 Chapter 5 WAN Setup 5.5.1.2 Service Type If you set the DSL link type to PPPoA or IPoA for the ATM interface and configure a WAN connection using the ATM interface, you only need to configure the Enter Service Description field in this screen. Figure 33 WAN Configuration: Service Type Figure 34 The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 14 WAN Configuration: Service Type LABEL Select WAN service type DESCRIPTION Select the method of encapsulation used by your ISP. Enter Service Description Rate Limit Tag VLAN ID for egress packets Enter 802.1P Priority Choices are PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE), IP over Ethernet and Bridging. Specify a name for this connection or use the automatically generated one. Enter the maximum transmission rate in Kbps for traffic sent through the WAN connection. Otherwise, leave this field blank to disable the rate limit. This field is not available for an ATM connection if QoS is disabled in the DSL ATM Interface Configuration. Select this option to add the VLAN tag (specified below) to the outgoing traffic through this connection. This field is available when the layer-2 interface is in VLANMUX mode. IEEE 802.1p defines up to 8 separate traffic types by inserting a tag into a MAC-layer frame that contains bits to define class of service. Type the IEEE 802.1p priority level (from 0 to 7) to add to traffic through this connection. The greater the number, the higher the priority level. This field is available when the layer-2 interface is in VLANMUX mode. 76 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 5 WAN Setup Table 14 WAN Configuration: Service Type LABEL Enter 802.1Q VLAN ID DESCRIPTION Type the VLAN ID number (from 1 to 4094) for traffic through this connection. Back Next This field is available when the PTM interface is in VLANMUX mode. Click this button to return to the previous screen. Click this button to continue. 5.5.1.3 WAN IP Address and DNS Server The screen differs by the encapsulation you selected in the previous screen. See Section 5.6 on page 85 for more information. PPPoE or PPPoA This screen displays when you select PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE) in the WAN Service Configuration screen or set the DSL link type to PPPoA for the ATM interface and configure a WAN connection using the ATM interface. Figure 35 WAN Configuration: PPPoE P-870HN-51b Users Guide 77 Chapter 5 WAN Setup The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 15 WAN Configuration: PPPoE or PPPoA LABEL PPP User Name DESCRIPTION Enter the user name exactly as your ISP assigned. If assigned a name in the form user@domain where domain identifies a service name, then enter both components exactly as given. Enter the password associated with the user name above. Type the name of your PPPoE service here. This field is not available for a PPPoA connection. The ZyXEL Device supports PAP (Password Authentication Protocol) and CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol). CHAP is more secure than PAP; however, PAP is readily available on more platforms. Use the drop-down list box to select an authentication protocol for outgoing calls. Options are:

AUTO - Your ZyXEL Device accepts either CHAP or PAP when requested by this remote node. PAP - Your ZyXEL Device accepts PAP only. CHAP - Your ZyXEL Device accepts CHAP only. MSCHAP - Your ZyXEL Device accepts MSCHAP only. MS-CHAP is the Microsoft version of the CHAP. Select this option to enable full cone NAT on the ZyXEL Device. Select this check box when you do not want the connection up all the time and specify an idle time-out in the Inactivity Timeout field. Specify an idle time-out when you select Dial on Demand. The default setting is 0, which means the Internet session will not timeout. A static IPv4 address is a fixed IP that your ISP gives you. A dynamic IP address is not fixed; the ISP assigns you a different one each time you connect to the Internet. Select this if you do not have a dynamic IP address. Enter the static IP address provided by your ISP. Select this option to display PPP debugging messages on the console. PPP Password PPPoE Service Name Authentication Method Enable Fullcone NAT Dial on Demand Inactivity Timeout Use Static IPv4 Address IPv4 Address Enable PPP Debug Mode 78 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 5 WAN Setup Table 15 WAN Configuration: PPPoE or PPPoA LABEL Bridge PPPoE Frames Between WAN and Local Ports DESCRIPTION Select this option to forward PPPoE packets from the WAN port to the LAN ports and from the LAN ports to the WAN port. In addition to the ZyXEL Device's built-in PPPoE client, you can select this to allow up to ten hosts on the LAN to use PPPoE client software on their computers to connect to the ISP via the ZyXEL Device. Each host can have a separate account and a public WAN IP address. This is an alternative to NAT for application where NAT is not appropriate. Clear this if you do not need to allow hosts on the LAN to use PPPoE client software on their computers to connect to the ISP. This field is not available for a PPPoA connection. Select this check box to have the ZyXEL Device act as an IGMP proxy on this connection. This allows the ZyXEL Device to get subscribing information and maintain a joined member list for each multicast group. It can reduce multicast traffic significantly. Click this button to return to the previous screen. Click this button to continue. Enable IGMP Multicast Proxy Back Next IPoE This screen displays when you select IP over Ethernet in the WAN Service Configuration screen. Figure 36 WAN Configuration: IPoE P-870HN-51b Users Guide 79 Chapter 5 WAN Setup The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 16 WAN Configuration: IPoE LABEL Obtain an IP address automatically Enable DHCP Option 60 DESCRIPTION A static IP address is a fixed IP that your ISP gives you. A dynamic IP address is not fixed; the ISP assigns you a different one each time you connect to the Internet. Select this if you have a dynamic IP address. Select this to identify the vendor and functionality of the ZyXEL Device in DHCP requests that the ZyXEL Device sends to a DHCP server when getting a WAN IP address. Enter the Vendor Class Identifier (Option 60), such as the type of the hardware or firmware. Select this to identify the ZyXEL Device in DHCP requests that the ZyXEL Device sends to a DHCP server when getting a WAN IP address. Enter the Identity Association Identifier (IAID) of the ZyXEL Device. For example, the WAN connection index number. Select Other to enter any string that identifies the ZyXEL Device in the DUID field. Vendor Class Identifier Enable DHCP Option 61 IAID DUID Type Select DUID-LL (DUID Based on Link-layer Address) to enter the ZyXEL Devices hardware address, that is the MAC address in the DUID field. Select DUID-EN (DUID Assigned by Vendor Based on Enterprise Number) to enter the vendors registered private enterprise number. Enter a unique identifier assigned by the vendor. Identifier Enable DHCP Option 125 Manufacturer OUI This field is available when you select DUID-EN in the DUID Type field. Select this to add vendor specific information to DHCP requests that the ZyXEL Device sends to a DHCP server when getting a WAN IP address. Specify the vendors OUI (Organization Unique Identifier). It is usually the first three bytes of the MAC address. Enter the product class of the ZyXEL Device. Enter the model name of the ZyXEL Device. Product Class Model Name Serial Number Enter the serial number of the ZyXEL Device. Use the following Static IP address WAN IP Address WAN Subnet Mask WAN gateway IP Address Select this if you have a static IP address. Enter the static IP address provided by your ISP. Enter the subnet mask provided by your ISP. Enter the gateway IP address provided by your ISP. Back Next Click this button to return to the previous screen. Click this button to continue. 80 P-870HN-51b Users Guide IPoA Figure 37 This screen displays only when you set the DSL link type to IPoA for the ATM interface and configure a WAN connection using the ATM interface. Chapter 5 WAN Setup The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 17 WAN Configuration: IPoA LABEL WAN IP Address WAN Subnet Mask Back Next DESCRIPTION Enter the static IP address provided by your ISP. Enter the subnet mask provided by your ISP. Click this button to return to the previous screen. Click this button to continue. 5.5.1.4 NAT, IGMP Multicast and Firewall Activation The screen is available only when you select IP over Ethernet in the WAN Service Configuration screen or set the DSL link type to IPoA for the ATM interface and configure a WAN connection using the ATM interface. Figure 38 WAN Configuration: NAT, IGMP Multicast and Firewall Activation: IPoE/

IPoA P-870HN-51b Users Guide 81 Chapter 5 WAN Setup The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 18 WAN Configuration: NAT, IGMP Multicast and Firewall Activation: IPoE LABEL Enable NAT Enable Fullcone NAT DESCRIPTION Select this check box to activate NAT on this connection. Select this check box to activate full cone NAT on this connection. Enable Firewall Enable IGMP Multicast Proxy Back Next This field is available only when you select Enable NAT. Select this check box to activate Firewall on this connection. Select this check box to have the ZyXEL Device act as an IGMP proxy on this connection. This allows the ZyXEL Device to get subscribing information and maintain a joined member list for each multicast group. It can reduce multicast traffic significantly. Click this button to return to the previous screen. Click this button to continue. 5.5.1.5 Default Gateway The screen is not available when you select Bridging in the WAN Service Configuration screen. Figure 39 WAN Configuration: Default Gateway: PPPoE, PPPoA, IPoE or IPoA The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 19 WAN Configuration: Default Gateway: PPPoE or IPoE LABEL Selected WAN Interface Back Next Click this button to return to the previous screen. Click this button to continue. DESCRIPTION Select a WAN interface through which you want to forward the traffic. 5.5.1.6 DNS Server The screen is not available when you select Bridging in the WAN Service Configuration screen. 82 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 5 WAN Setup Note: If you configure only one IPoA or IPoE connection using the ATM interface on the ZyXEL Device, you must enter the static DNS server address. Figure 40 WAN Configuration: DNS Server: PPPoE, PPPoA, IPoE or IPoA The following table describes the labels in this screen. DESCRIPTION Select this to have the ZyXEL Device get the DNS server addresses from the ISP automatically. Table 20 WAN Configuration: DNS Server: PPPoE or IPoE LABEL Obtain DNS info from a WAN interface WAN interface selected Use the following Static DNS IP address Select this to have the ZyXEL Device use the DNS server addresses you configure manually. This displays the WAN interface you selected in the previous screen. Primary DNS server Secondary DNS server Enter the first DNS server address assigned by the ISP. Enter the second DNS server address assigned by the ISP. Back Next Click this button to return to the previous screen. Click this button to continue. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 83 Chapter 5 WAN Setup 5.5.1.7 Configuration Summary This read-only screen shows the current WAN connection settings. Figure 41 WAN Configuration: Configuration Summary The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 21 WAN Configuration: Configuration Summary LABEL Connection Type Service Name Service Category DESCRIPTION This is the encapsulation method used by this connection. This is the name of the service. This is the ATM traffic class. IP Address Service State NAT Full Cone NAT Firewall IGMP Multicast Quality Of Service Back Apply/Save This field is blank for a PTM or Ethernet WAN connection. This shows whether the WAN IP address is assigned by the ISP, manually configured or not configurable. This shows whether this service is active or not. This shows whether NAT is active or not for this connection. This shows whether full cone NAT is active or not for this connection. This shows whether Firewall is active or not for this connection. This shows whether IGMP multicasting is active or not for this connection. This shows whether QoS is active or not for this connection. Click this button to return to the previous screen. Click this button to save your changes. 84 P-870HN-51b Users Guide 5.6 Technical Reference Chapter 5 WAN Setup The following section contains additional technical information about the ZyXEL Device features described in this chapter. Encapsulation Be sure to use the encapsulation method required by your ISP. The ZyXEL Device can work in bridge mode or routing mode. When the ZyXEL Device is in routing mode, it supports the following methods. IP over Ethernet IP over Ethernet (IPoE) is an alternative to PPPoE. IP packets are being delivered across an Ethernet network, without using PPP encapsulation. They are routed between the Ethernet interface and the WAN interface and then formatted so that they can be understood in a bridged environment. For instance, it encapsulates routed Ethernet frames into bridged Ethernet cells. ENET ENCAP The MAC Encapsulated Routing Link Protocol (ENET ENCAP) is only implemented with the IP network protocol. IP packets are routed between the Ethernet interface and the WAN interface and then formatted so that they can be understood in a bridged environment. For instance, it encapsulates routed Ethernet frames into bridged ATM cells. PPP over Ethernet Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) provides access control and billing functionality in a manner similar to dial-up services using PPP. PPPoE is an IETF standard (RFC 2516) specifying how a personal computer (PC) interacts with a broadband modem (DSL, cable, wireless, etc.) connection. For the service provider, PPPoE offers an access and authentication method that works with existing access control systems (for example RADIUS). One of the benefits of PPPoE is the ability to let you access one of multiple network services, a function known as dynamic service selection. This enables the service provider to easily create and offer new IP services for individuals. Operationally, PPPoE saves significant effort for both you and the ISP or carrier, as it requires no specific configuration of the broadband modem at the customer site. By implementing PPPoE directly on the ZyXEL Device (rather than individual computers), the computers on the LAN do not need PPPoE software installed, P-870HN-51b Users Guide 85 Chapter 5 WAN Setup since the ZyXEL Device does that part of the task. Furthermore, with NAT, all of the LANs computers will have access. PPPoA PPPoA stands for Point to Point Protocol over ATM Adaptation Layer 5 (AAL5). A PPPoA connection functions like a dial-up Internet connection. The ZyXEL Device encapsulates the PPP session based on RFC1483 and sends it through an ATM PVC

(Permanent Virtual Circuit) to the Internet Service Providers (ISP) DSLAM (digital access multiplexer). Please refer to RFC 2364 for more information on PPPoA. Refer to RFC 1661 for more information on PPP. RFC 1483 RFC 1483 describes two methods for Multiprotocol Encapsulation over ATM Adaptation Layer 5 (AAL5). The first method allows multiplexing of multiple protocols over a single ATM virtual circuit (LLC-based multiplexing) and the second method assumes that each protocol is carried over a separate ATM virtual circuit

(VC-based multiplexing). Please refer to RFC 1483 for more detailed information. Multiplexing There are two conventions to identify what protocols the virtual circuit (VC) is carrying. Be sure to use the multiplexing method required by your ISP. VC-based Multiplexing In this case, by prior mutual agreement, each protocol is assigned to a specific virtual circuit; for example, VC1 carries IP, etc. VC-based multiplexing may be dominant in environments where dynamic creation of large numbers of ATM VCs is fast and economical. LLC-based Multiplexing In this case one VC carries multiple protocols with protocol identifying information being contained in each packet header. Despite the extra bandwidth and processing overhead, this method may be advantageous if it is not practical to have a separate VC for each carried protocol, for example, if charging heavily depends on the number of simultaneous VCs. Traffic Shaping Traffic Shaping is an agreement between the carrier and the subscriber to regulate the average rate and fluctuations of data transmission over an ATM network. This agreement helps eliminate congestion, which is important for transmission of real time data such as audio and video connections. 86 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 5 WAN Setup Peak Cell Rate (PCR) is the maximum rate at which the sender can send cells. This parameter may be lower (but not higher) than the maximum line speed. 1 ATM cell is 53 bytes (424 bits), so a maximum speed of 832Kbps gives a maximum PCR of 1962 cells/sec. This rate is not guaranteed because it is dependent on the line speed. Sustained Cell Rate (SCR) is the mean cell rate of each bursty traffic source. It specifies the maximum average rate at which cells can be sent over the virtual connection. SCR may not be greater than the PCR. Maximum Burst Size (MBS) is the maximum number of cells that can be sent at the PCR. After MBS is reached, cell rates fall below SCR until cell rate averages to the SCR again. At this time, more cells (up to the MBS) can be sent at the PCR again. If the PCR, SCR or MBS is set to the default of "0", the system will assign a maximum value that correlates to your upstream line rate. The following figure illustrates the relationship between PCR, SCR and MBS. Figure 42 Example of Traffic Shaping ATM Traffic Classes These are the basic ATM traffic classes defined by the ATM Forum Traffic Management 4.0 Specification. Constant Bit Rate (CBR) Constant Bit Rate (CBR) provides fixed bandwidth that is always available even if no data is being sent. CBR traffic is generally time-sensitive (doesn't tolerate delay). CBR is used for connections that continuously require a specific amount of bandwidth. A PCR is specified and if traffic exceeds this rate, cells may be dropped. Examples of connections that need CBR would be high-resolution video and voice. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 87 Chapter 5 WAN Setup Variable Bit Rate (VBR) The Variable Bit Rate (VBR) ATM traffic class is used with bursty connections. Connections that use the Variable Bit Rate (VBR) traffic class can be grouped into real time (VBR-RT) or non-real time (VBR-nRT) connections. The VBR-RT (real-time Variable Bit Rate) type is used with bursty connections that require closely controlled delay and delay variation. It also provides a fixed amount of bandwidth (a PCR is specified) but is only available when data is being sent. An example of an VBR-RT connection would be video conferencing. Video conferencing requires real-time data transfers and the bandwidth requirement varies in proportion to the video image's changing dynamics. The VBR-nRT (non real-time Variable Bit Rate) type is used with bursty connections that do not require closely controlled delay and delay variation. It is commonly used for "bursty" traffic typical on LANs. PCR and MBS define the burst levels, SCR defines the minimum level. An example of an VBR-nRT connection would be non-time sensitive data file transfers. Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR) The Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR) ATM traffic class is for bursty data transfers. However, UBR doesn't guarantee any bandwidth and only delivers traffic when the network has spare bandwidth. An example application is background file transfer. IP Address Assignment A static IP is a fixed IP that your ISP gives you. A dynamic IP is not fixed; the ISP assigns you a different one each time. The Single User Account feature can be enabled or disabled if you have either a dynamic or static IP. However the encapsulation method assigned influences your choices for IP address and default gateway. Full Cone NAT In full cone NAT, the NAT router maps all outgoing packets from an internal IP address and port to a single IP address and port on the external network. The NAT router also maps packets coming to that external IP address and port to the internal IP address and port. In the following example, the ZyXEL Device maps the source address of all packets sent from the internal IP address 1 and port A to IP address 2 and port B on the external network. The ZyXEL Device also performs NAT on all incoming 88 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 5 WAN Setup packets sent to IP address 2 and port B and forwards them to IP address 1, port A. Figure 43 Full Cone NAT Example 1, A 2, B Symmetric NAT The full, restricted and port restricted cone NAT types use the same mapping for an outgoing packets source address regardless of the destination IP address and port. In symmetric NAT, the mapping of an outgoing packets source address to a source address in another network is different for each different destination IP address and port. In the following example, the ZyXEL Device maps the source address IP address 1 and port A to IP address 2 and port B on the external network for packets sent to IP address 3 and port C. The ZyXEL Device uses a different mapping (IP address 2 and port M) for packets sent to IP address 4 and port D. A host on the external network (IP address 3 and port C for example) can only send packets to the internal host via the external IP address and port that the NAT router used in sending a packet to the external hosts IP address and port. So in P-870HN-51b Users Guide 89 Chapter 5 WAN Setup the example, only 3, C is allowed to send packets to 2, B and only 4, D is allowed to send packets to 2, M. Figure 44 Symmetric NAT 2, B 2, M 1, A 3, C 4, D 4, E 5, B Introduction to VLANs A Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) allows a physical network to be partitioned into multiple logical networks. Devices on a logical network belong to one group. A device can belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a device cannot directly talk to or hear from devices that are not in the same group(s); the traffic must first go through a router. In Multi-Tenant Unit (MTU) applications, VLAN is vital in providing isolation and security among the subscribers. When properly configured, VLAN prevents one subscriber from accessing the network resources of another on the same LAN, thus a user will not see the printers and hard disks of another user in the same building. VLAN also increases network performance by limiting broadcasts to a smaller and more manageable logical broadcast domain. In traditional switched environments, all broadcast packets go to each and every individual port. With VLAN, all broadcasts are confined to a specific broadcast domain. Introduction to IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN A tagged VLAN uses an explicit tag (VLAN ID) in the MAC header to identify the VLAN membership of a frame across bridges - they are not confined to the switch on which they were created. The VLANs can be created statically by hand or dynamically through GVRP. The VLAN ID associates a frame with a specific VLAN and provides the information that switches need to process the frame across the network. A tagged frame is four bytes longer than an untagged frame and 90 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 5 WAN Setup contains two bytes of TPID (Tag Protocol Identifier), residing within the type/

length field of the Ethernet frame) and two bytes of TCI (Tag Control Information), starts after the source address field of the Ethernet frame). The CFI (Canonical Format Indicator) is a single-bit flag, always set to zero for Ethernet switches. If a frame received at an Ethernet port has a CFI set to 1, then that frame should not be forwarded as it is to an untagged port. The remaining twelve bits define the VLAN ID, giving a possible maximum number of 4,096 VLANs. Note that user priority and VLAN ID are independent of each other. A frame with VID (VLAN Identifier) of null (0) is called a priority frame, meaning that only the priority level is significant and the default VID of the ingress port is given as the VID of the frame. Of the 4096 possible VIDs, a VID of 0 is used to identify priority frames and value 4095 (FFF) is reserved, so the maximum possible VLAN configurations are 4,094. TPID User Priority CFI VLAN ID 2 Bytes 3 Bits 1 Bit 12 Bits Multicast IP packets are transmitted in either one of two ways - Unicast (1 sender - 1 recipient) or Broadcast (1 sender - everybody on the network). Multicast delivers IP packets to a group of hosts on the network - not everybody and not just 1. Internet Group Multicast Protocol (IGMP) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership in a Multicast group - it is not used to carry user data. IGMP version 2 (RFC 2236) is an improvement over version 1 (RFC 1112) but IGMP version 1 is still in wide use. If you would like to read more detailed information about interoperability between IGMP version 2 and version 1, please see sections 4 and 5 of RFC 2236. The class D IP address is used to identify host groups and can be in the range 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. The address 224.0.0.0 is not assigned to any group and is used by IP multicast computers. The address 224.0.0.1 is used for query messages and is assigned to the permanent group of all IP hosts (including gateways). All hosts must join the 224.0.0.1 group in order to participate in IGMP. The address 224.0.0.2 is assigned to the multicast routers group. At start up, the ZyXEL Device queries all directly connected networks to gather group membership. After that, the ZyXEL Device periodically updates this information. DNS Server Address Assignment Use Domain Name System (DNS) to map a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice versa, for instance, the IP address of www.zyxel.com is P-870HN-51b Users Guide 91 Chapter 5 WAN Setup 204.217.0.2. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must know the IP address of a computer before you can access it. The ZyXEL Device can get the DNS server addresses in the following ways. 1 2 The ISP tells you the DNS server addresses, usually in the form of an information sheet, when you sign up. If your ISP gives you DNS server addresses, manually enter them in the DNS server fields. If your ISP dynamically assigns the DNS server IP addresses (along with the ZyXEL Devices WAN IP address), set the DNS server fields to get the DNS server address from the ISP. 92 P-870HN-51b Users Guide CHAPTER 6 LAN Setup 6.1 Overview A Local Area Network (LAN) is a shared communication system to which many computers are attached. A LAN is usually located in one immediate area such as a building or floor of a building. The LAN screens can help you configure a LAN DHCP server and manage IP addresses. LAN DSL Internet See Section 6.4 on page 97 for more information on LANs. See Appendix D on page 313 for more information on IP addresses and subnetting. 6.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter The LAN IP screen lets you set the LAN IP address and subnet mask of your ZyXEL device and configure other LAN TCP/IP settings (Section 6.3 on page 95). P-870HN-51b Users Guide 93 Chapter 6 LAN Setup 6.2 What You Need To Know IP Address Similar to the way houses on a street share a common street name, so too do computers on a LAN share one common network number. This is known as an Internet Protocol address. Subnet Mask The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your ZyXEL Device will compute the subnet mask automatically based on the IP address that you entered. You don't need to change the subnet mask computed by the ZyXEL Device unless you are instructed to do otherwise. DHCP DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) allows clients to obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. This ZyXEL Device has a built-in DHCP server capability that assigns IP addresses and DNS servers to systems that support DHCP client capability. DHCP Relay You can also configure the ZyXEL Device to relay client DHCP requests to a DHCP server and the servers responses back to the clients. RIP RIP (Routing Information Protocol) allows a router to exchange routing information with other routers. Multicast and IGMP Traditionally, IP packets are transmitted in one of either two ways - Unicast (1 sender - 1 recipient) or Broadcast (1 sender - everybody on the network). Multicast delivers IP packets to a group of hosts on the network - not everybody and not just 1. IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership in a Multicast group - it is not used to carry user data. There are two versions 1 and 2. IGMP version 2 is an improvement over version 1 but IGMP version 1 is still in wide use. 94 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 6 LAN Setup DNS DNS (Domain Name System) maps a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice versa. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must know the IP address of a computer before you can access it. The DNS server addresses you enter when you set up DHCP are passed to the client machines along with the assigned IP address and subnet mask. 6.3 The LAN IP Screen Click Network > LAN to open the IP screen. See Section 6.4 on page 97 for background information. Use this screen to set the Local Area Network IP address and subnet mask of your ZyXEL Device. Figure 45 LAN > IP P-870HN-51b Users Guide 95 Chapter 6 LAN Setup The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 22 LAN > IP LABEL LAN TCP/IP Group Name DESCRIPTION Select the interface group for which you want to configure the LAN TCP/IP settings. See Chapter 19 on page 219 for how to create a new interface group. Enter the LAN IP address you want to assign to your ZyXEL Device in dotted decimal notation, for example, 192.168.1.1 (factory default). Type the subnet mask of your network in dotted decimal notation, for example 255.255.255.0 (factory default). Select this to have the ZyXEL Device act as a DHCP server or DHCP relay agent. Otherwise, deselect this to not have the ZyXEL Device provide any DHCP services. The DHCP server will be disabled. Select this option to have the ZyXEL Device assign IP addresses and provide subnet mask, gateway, and DNS server information to the network. The ZyXEL Device is the DHCP server for the network. When the ZyXEL Device acts as a DHCP server, the following items need to be set:

This field specifies the first of the contiguous addresses in the IP address pool. This field specifies the size, or count of the IP address pool. Select this option to have the ZyXEL Device forward DHCP request to the DHCP server. If you select DHCP Relay, enter the IP address of the DHCP server. IP Address IP Subnet Mask DHCP Setup Active DHCP DHCP Server IP Pool Starting Address Pool Size DHCP Relay Relay Server DNS Servers Assigned by DHCP Server If you do not configure DNS servers, the ZyXEL Device uses its LAN IP address and tells the DHCP clients on the LAN that itself is the DNS server. When a LAN client sends a DNS query to the ZyXEL Device, the ZyXEL Device forwards the query to its system DNS server you configured in the WAN screen. First DNS Server Second DNS Server Enter the first DNS (Domain Name System) server IP address the ZyXEL Device passes to the DHCP clients. Enter the second DNS (Domain Name System) server IP address the ZyXEL Device passes to the DHCP clients. IGMP Snooping Active IGMP Snooping Standard Mode Select this option to enable IGMP snooping. This allows the ZyXEL Device to passively learn multicast group. Select this to have the ZyXEL Device forward multicast packets to a port that joins the multicast group and broadcast unknown multicast packets from the WAN to all LAN ports. Blocking Mode Select this to have the ZyXEL Device block all unknown multicast packets from the WAN. 96 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 6 LAN Setup Table 22 LAN > IP LABEL Active IP Alias IP Address IP Subnet Mask Apply DESCRIPTION Select the check box to configure another LAN network for the ZyXEL Device. Enter the IP address of your ZyXEL Device in dotted decimal notation. Type the subnet mask of your network in dotted decimal notation, for example 255.255.255.0 (factory default). Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device. 6.4 Technical Reference The following section contains additional technical information about the ZyXEL Device features described in this chapter. LANs, WANs and the ZyXEL Device The actual physical connection determines whether the ZyXEL Device ports are LAN or WAN ports. There are two separate IP networks, one inside the LAN network and the other outside the WAN network as shown next. Figure 46 LAN and WAN IP Addresses LAN WAN Internet DHCP Setup DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual clients to obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can configure the ZyXEL Device as a DHCP server or disable it. When configured as a server, the ZyXEL Device provides the TCP/IP configuration for the clients. If you turn DHCP service off, you must have another DHCP server on your LAN, or else the computer must be manually configured. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 97 Chapter 6 LAN Setup IP Pool Setup The ZyXEL Device is pre-configured with a pool of IP addresses for the DHCP clients (DHCP Pool). See the product specifications in the appendices. Do not assign static IP addresses from the DHCP pool to your LAN computers. LAN TCP/IP The ZyXEL Device has built-in DHCP server capability that assigns IP addresses and DNS servers to systems that support DHCP client capability. IP Address and Subnet Mask Similar to the way houses on a street share a common street name, so too do computers on a LAN share one common network number. Where you obtain your network number depends on your particular situation. If the ISP or your network administrator assigns you a block of registered IP addresses, follow their instructions in selecting the IP addresses and the subnet mask. If the ISP did not explicitly give you an IP network number, then most likely you have a single user account and the ISP will assign you a dynamic IP address when the connection is established. If this is the case, it is recommended that you select a network number from 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.0 and you must enable the Network Address Translation (NAT) feature of the ZyXEL Device. The Internet Assigned Number Authority (IANA) reserved this block of addresses specifically for private use; please do not use any other number unless you are told otherwise. Let's say you select 192.168.1.0 as the network number; which covers 254 individual addresses, from 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.254 (zero and 255 are reserved). In other words, the first three numbers specify the network number while the last number identifies an individual computer on that network. Once you have decided on the network number, pick an IP address that is easy to remember, for instance, 192.168.1.1, for your ZyXEL Device, but make sure that no other device on your network is using that IP address. The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your ZyXEL Device will compute the subnet mask automatically based on the IP address that you entered. You don't need to change the subnet mask computed by the ZyXEL Device unless you are instructed to do otherwise. Private IP Addresses Every machine on the Internet must have a unique address. If your networks are isolated from the Internet, for example, only between your two branch offices, you can assign any IP addresses to the hosts without problems. However, the Internet 98 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has reserved the following three blocks of IP addresses specifically for private networks:

Chapter 6 LAN Setup 10.0.0.0 10.255.255.255 172.16.0.0 172.31.255.255 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255 You can obtain your IP address from the IANA, from an ISP or it can be assigned from a private network. If you belong to a small organization and your Internet access is through an ISP, the ISP can provide you with the Internet addresses for your local networks. On the other hand, if you are part of a much larger organization, you should consult your network administrator for the appropriate IP addresses. Note: Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an arbitrary IP address;

always follow the guidelines above. For more information on address assignment, please refer to RFC 1597, Address Allocation for Private Internets and RFC 1466, Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space. Multicast Traditionally, IP packets are transmitted in one of either two ways - Unicast (1 sender - 1 recipient) or Broadcast (1 sender - everybody on the network). Multicast delivers IP packets to a group of hosts on the network - not everybody and not just 1. IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership in a Multicast group - it is not used to carry user data. IGMP version 2 (RFC 2236) is an improvement over version 1 (RFC 1112) but IGMP version 1 is still in wide use. If you would like to read more detailed information about interoperability between IGMP version 2 and version 1, please see sections 4 and 5 of RFC 2236. The class D IP address is used to identify host groups and can be in the range 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. The address 224.0.0.0 is not assigned to any group and is used by IP multicast computers. The address 224.0.0.1 is used for query messages and is assigned to the permanent group of all IP hosts (including gateways). All hosts must join the 224.0.0.1 group in order to participate in IGMP. The address 224.0.0.2 is assigned to the multicast routers group. The ZyXEL Device supports both IGMP version 1 (IGMP-v1) and IGMP version 2

(IGMP-v2). At start up, the ZyXEL Device queries all directly connected networks to gather group membership. After that, the ZyXEL Device periodically updates this information. IP multicasting can be enabled/disabled on the ZyXEL Device LAN and/or WAN interfaces in the web configurator (LAN; WAN). Select None to disable IP multicasting on these interfaces. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 99 Chapter 6 LAN Setup IP Alias IP alias allows you to partition a physical network into different logical networks over the same Ethernet interface. The ZyXEL Device supports three logical LAN interfaces via its single physical Ethernet interface with the ZyXEL Device itself as the gateway for each LAN network. When you use IP alias, you can also configure firewall rules to control access between the LAN's logical networks (subnets). Note: Make sure that the subnets of the logical networks do not overlap. The following figure shows a LAN divided into subnets A and B. Figure 47 Physical Network & Partitioned Logical Networks Ethernet Interface A: 192.168.1.1 - 192.168.1.24 B: 192.168.2.1 - 192.168.2.24 100 P-870HN-51b Users Guide CHAPTER 7 Wireless LAN 7.1 Overview This chapter describes how to perform tasks related to setting up and optimizing your wireless network, including the following. Turning the wireless connection on or off. Configuring a name, wireless channel and security for the network. Using WiFi Protected Setup (WPS) to configure your wireless network. Using a MAC (Media Access Control) address filter to restrict access to the wireless network. See Chapter 2 on page 27 for a tutorial showing how to set up your wireless connection in an example scenario. See Section 7.10 on page 121 for advanced technical information on wireless networks. 7.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter This chapter describes the ZyXEL Devices Network > Wireless LAN screens. Use these screens to set up your ZyXEL Devices wireless connection. The General screen lets you turn the wireless connection on or off, set up wireless security and make other basic configuration changes (Section 7.4 on page 105). You can also configure the MAC filter to allow or block access to the ZyXEL Device based on the MAC addresses of the wireless stations. The More AP screen lets you set up multiple wireless networks on your ZyXEL Device (Section 7.5 on page 114). Use the WPS screen and the WPS Station screen to use WiFi Protected Setup

(WPS). WPS lets you set up a secure network quickly, when connecting to other WPS-enabled devices. Use the WPS screen (see Section 7.6 on page 115) to enable or disable WPS, generate a security PIN (Personal Identification Number) and see information about the ZyXEL Devices WPS status. Use the WPS Station (see Section 7.7 on page 116) screen to set up WPS by pressing a button or using a PIN. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 101 Chapter 7 Wireless LAN The WDS screen lets you set up a Wireless Distribution System, in which the ZyXEL Device acts as a bridge with other ZyXEL access points (Section 7.8 on page 117). The Advanced Setup screen lets you change the wireless mode, and make other advanced wireless configuration changes (Section 7.9 on page 119). You dont necessarily need to use all these screens to set up your wireless connection. For example, you may just want to set up a network name, a wireless radio channel and some security in the General screen. 7.2 What You Need to Know Wireless Basics Wireless is essentially radio communication. In the same way that walkie-talkie radios send and receive information over the airwaves, wireless networking devices exchange information with one another. A wireless networking device is just like a radio that lets your computer exchange information with radios attached to other computers. Like walkie-talkies, most wireless networking devices operate at radio frequency bands that are open to the public and do not require a license to use. However, wireless networking is different from that of most traditional radio communications in that there a number of wireless networking standards available with different methods of data encryption. Wireless Network Construction Wireless networks consist of wireless clients, access points and bridges. A wireless client is a radio connected to a users computer. An access point is a radio with a wired connection to a network, which can connect with numerous wireless clients and let them access the network. A bridge is a radio that relays communications between access points and wireless clients, extending a networks range. Traditionally, a wireless network operates in one of two ways. An infrastructure type of network has one or more access points and one or more wireless clients. The wireless clients connect to the access points. An ad-hoc type of network is one in which there is no access point. Wireless clients connect to one another in order to exchange information. Network Names Each network must have a name, referred to as the SSID - Service Set IDentifier. The service set is the network, so the service set identifier is the 102 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 7 Wireless LAN networks name. This helps you identify your wireless network when wireless networks coverage areas overlap and you have a variety of networks to choose from. Radio Channels In the radio spectrum, there are certain frequency bands allocated for unlicensed, civilian use. For the purposes of wireless networking, these bands are divided into numerous channels. This allows a variety of networks to exist in the same place without interfering with one another. When you create a network, you must select a channel to use. Since the available unlicensed spectrum varies from one country to another, the number of available channels also varies. Wireless Security By their nature, radio communications are simple to intercept. For wireless data networks, this means that anyone within range of a wireless network without security can not only read the data passing over the airwaves, but also join the network. Once an unauthorized person has access to the network s/he can either steal information or introduce malware (malicious software) intended to compromise the network. For these reasons, a variety of security systems have been developed to ensure that only authorized people can use a wireless data network, or understand the data carried on it. These security standards do two things. First, they authenticate. This means that only people presenting the right credentials (often a username and password, or a key phrase) can access the network. Second, they encrypt. This means that the information sent over the air is encoded. Only people with the code key can understand the information, and only people who have been authenticated are given the code key. These security standards vary in effectiveness. Some can be broken, such as the old Wired Equivalent Protocol (WEP). Using WEP is better than using no security at all, but it will not keep a determined attacker out. Other security standards are secure in themselves but can be broken if a user does not use them properly. For example, the WPA-PSK security standard is perfectly secure if you use a long key which is difficult for an attackers software to guess - for example, a twenty-letter long string of apparently random numbers and letters - but it is not very secure if you use a short key which is very easy to guess - for example, a three-letter word from the dictionary. Because of the damage that can be done by a malicious attacker, its not just people who have sensitive information on their network who should use security. Everybody who uses any wireless network should ensure that effective security is in place. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 103 Chapter 7 Wireless LAN A good way to come up with effective security keys, passwords and so on is to use obscure information that you personally will easily remember, and to enter it in a way that appears random and does not include real words. For example, if your mother owns a 1970 Dodge Challenger and her favorite movie is Vanishing Point

(which you know was made in 1971) you could use 70dodchal71vanpoi as your security key. Signal Problems Because wireless networks are radio networks, their signals are subject to limitations of distance, interference and absorption. Problems with distance occur when the two radios are too far apart. Problems with interference occur when other radio waves interrupt the data signal. Interference may come from other radio transmissions, such as military or air traffic control communications, or from machines that are coincidental emitters such as electric motors or microwaves. Problems with absorption occur when physical objects

(such as thick walls) are between the two radios, muffling the signal. 7.3 Before You Begin Before you start using these screens, ask yourself the following questions. See Section 7.2 on page 102 if some of the terms used here do not make sense to you. What wireless standards do the other wireless devices support (IEEE 802.11g, for example)? What is the most appropriate standard to use?

What security options do the other wireless devices support (WPA-PSK, for example)? What is the best one to use?

Do the other wireless devices support WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup)? If so, you can set up a well-secured network very easily. Even if some of your devices support WPS and some do not, you can use WPS to set up your network and then add the non-WPS devices manually, although this is somewhat more complicated to do. What advanced options do you want to configure, if any? If you want to configure advanced options, ensure that you know precisely what you want to do. If you do not want to configure advanced options, leave them alone. 104 P-870HN-51b Users Guide 7.4 The General Screen Chapter 7 Wireless LAN Note: If you are configuring the ZyXEL Device from a computer connected to the wireless LAN and you change the ZyXEL Devices SSID or security settings, you will lose your wireless connection when you press Apply to confirm. You must then change the wireless settings of your computer to match the ZyXEL Devices new settings. Click Network > Wireless LAN to open the General screen. Figure 48 Network > Wireless LAN > General The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 23 Network > Wireless LAN > General LABEL Active Wireless LAN Channel Selection DESCRIPTION Click the check box to activate wireless LAN. Set the operating frequency/channel depending on your particular region. Either select a channel or use Auto to have the ZyXEL Device automatically determine a channel to use. If you are having problems with wireless interference, changing the channel may help. Try to use a channel that is as many channels away from any channels used by neighboring APs as possible. The channel number which the ZyXEL Device is currently using then displays next to this field. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 105 Chapter 7 Wireless LAN Table 23 Network > Wireless LAN > General LABEL Bandwidth DESCRIPTION Select whether the ZyXEL Device uses a wireless channel width of 20MHz or 40MHz. A standard 20MHz channel offers transfer speeds of up to 150Mbps whereas a 40MHz channel uses two standard channels and offers speeds of up to 300 Mbps. 40MHz (channel bonding or dual channel) bonds two adjacent radio channels to increase throughput. The wireless clients must also support 40 MHz. It is often better to use the 20 MHz setting in a location where the environment hinders the wireless signal. Select 20MHz if you want to lessen radio interference with other wireless devices in your neighborhood or the wireless clients do not support channel bonding. This field is available only when you set the 802.11 Mode to 802.11n Only or 802.11b/g/n Mixed in the Advanced Setup screen. This is available for some regions when you select a specific channel and set the Bandwidth field to 40MHz. Set whether the control channel (set in the Channel field) should be in the Lower or Upper range of channel bands. This field is available only when you set the 802.11 Mode to 802.11n Only or 802.11b/g/n Mixed in the Advanced Setup screen. The SSID (Service Set IDentity) identifies the service set with which a wireless device is associated. Wireless devices associating to the access point (AP) must have the same SSID. Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 printable 7-bit ASCII characters) for the wireless LAN. Note: If you are configuring the ZyXEL Device from a computer connected to the wireless LAN and you change the ZyXEL Devices SSID or WEP settings, you will lose your wireless connection when you press Apply to confirm. You must then change the wireless settings of your computer to match the ZyXEL Devices new settings. Select this check box to hide the SSID in the outgoing beacon frame so a station cannot obtain the SSID through scanning using a site survey tool. Select this check box to allow the ZyXEL Device to transmit wireless multicast traffic. This shows the MAC address of the wireless interface on the ZyXEL Device when wireless LAN is enabled. See the following sections for more details about this field. Click this button to go to the MAC Filter screen to configure whether the wireless devices with the MAC addresses listed are allowed or denied to access the ZyXEL Device using this SSID. Control Sideband Network Name (SSID) Hide Network Name (SSID) Enable Wireless Multicast Forwarding

(WMF) BSSID Security Mode MAC Filter 106 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 7 Wireless LAN Table 23 Network > Wireless LAN > General LABEL Apply Reset DESCRIPTION Click this to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device. Click this to reload the previous configuration for this screen. 7.4.1 No Security Select No Security to allow wireless devices to communicate with the access points without any data encryption or authentication. Note: If you do not enable any wireless security on your ZyXEL Device, your network is accessible to any wireless networking device that is within range. Figure 49 Wireless LAN > General: No Security The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 24 Wireless LAN > General: No Security LABEL Security Mode DESCRIPTION Choose No Security from the drop-down list box. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 107 Chapter 7 Wireless LAN 7.4.2 WEP Encryption In order to configure and enable WEP encryption; click Network > Wireless LAN to display the General screen. Select WEP from the Security Mode list. Figure 50 Wireless LAN > General: Static WEP Encryption The following table describes the wireless LAN security labels in this screen. Table 25 Network > Wireless LAN > General: Static WEP Encryption LABEL Security Mode DESCRIPTION Choose WEP from the drop-down list box. 108 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 7 Wireless LAN Table 25 Network > Wireless LAN > General: Static WEP Encryption LABEL WEP Encryption DESCRIPTION WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) provides data encryption to prevent unauthorized wireless stations from accessing data transmitted over the wireless network. Select 64-bit WEP or 128-bit WEP to enable data encryption. The WEP key is used to secure your data from eavesdropping by unauthorized wireless users. Both the ZyXEL Device and the wireless stations must use the same WEP key for data transmission. Key 1 to Key 4 Only one key can be activated at any one time. Select a default key to use for data encryption. If you chose 64-bit WEP in the WEP Encryption field, then enter any 5 characters (ASCII string) or 10 hexadecimal characters ("0-9", "A-F") preceded by 0x for each key. If you chose 128-bit WEP in the WEP Encryption field, then enter 13 characters (ASCII string) or 26 hexadecimal characters ("0-9", "A-F") preceded by 0x for each key. 7.4.3 WPA(2)-PSK In order to configure and enable WPA(2)-PSK authentication; click Network >

Wireless LAN to display the General screen. Select WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK from the Security Mode list. Figure 51 Wireless LAN > General: WPA(2)-PSK P-870HN-51b Users Guide 109 Chapter 7 Wireless LAN The following table describes the wireless LAN security labels in this screen. Table 26 Wireless LAN > General: WPA(2)-PSK LABEL Security Mode Active Compatible Encryption DESCRIPTION Choose WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK from the drop-down list box. This field is only available for WPA2-PSK. Select this if you want the ZyXEL Device to support WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK simultaneously. Select the encryption type (TKIP, AES or TKIP+AES) for data encryption. Select TKIP if your wireless clients can all use TKIP. Select AES if your wireless clients can all use AES. Select TKIP+AES to allow the wireless clients to use either TKIP or AES. Pre-Shared Key The encryption mechanisms used for WPA(2) and WPA(2)-PSK are the same. The only difference between the two is that WPA(2)-PSK uses a simple common password, instead of user-specific credentials. Group Key Update Timer Type a pre-shared key from 8 to 63 case-sensitive ASCII characters

(including spaces and symbols). The Group Key Update Timer is the rate at which the AP (if using WPA(2)-PSK key management) or RADIUS server (if using WPA(2) key management) sends a new group key out to all clients. The re-

keying process is the WPA(2) equivalent of automatically changing the WEP key for an AP and all stations in a WLAN on a periodic basis. Setting of the Group Key Update Timer is also supported in WPA(2)-

PSK mode. The ZyXEL Device default is 1800 seconds (30 minutes). 110 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 7 Wireless LAN 7.4.4 WPA(2) Authentication Use this screen to configure and enable WPA or WPA2 authentication; click the Wireless LAN link under Network to display the General screen. Select WPA or WPA2 from the Security Mode list. Figure 52 Wireless LAN > General: WPA(2) The following table describes the wireless LAN security labels in this screen. Table 27 Wireless LAN > General: WPA(2) LABEL Security Mode Active Compatible This field is only available for WPA2. Select this if you want the ZyXEL DESCRIPTION Choose WPA or WPA2 from the drop-down list box. Encryption Device to support WPA and WPA2 simultaneously. Select the encryption type (TKIP, AES or TKIP+AES) for data encryption. Select TKIP if your wireless clients can all use TKIP. Select AES if your wireless clients can all use AES. Select TKIP+AES to allow the wireless clients to use either TKIP or AES. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 111 Chapter 7 Wireless LAN Table 27 Wireless LAN > General: WPA(2) LABEL WPA2 Preauthentication DESCRIPTION This field is available only when you select WPA2. Network Re-auth Interval Group Key Update Timer Pre-authentication enables fast roaming by allowing the wireless client (already connecting to an AP) to perform IEEE 802.1x authentication with another AP before connecting to it. Select Enabled to turn on preauthentication in WAP2. Otherwise, select Disabled. This field is available only when you select WPA2. Specify how often wireless clients have to resend usernames and passwords in order to stay connected. Enter a time interval between 10 and 2147483647 seconds. Note: If wireless client authentication is done using a RADIUS server, the reauthentication timer on the RADIUS server has priority. The Group Key Update Timer is the rate at which the AP (if using WPA(2)-PSK key management) or RADIUS server (if using WPA(2) key management) sends a new group key out to all clients. The re-

keying process is the WPA(2) equivalent of automatically changing the WEP key for an AP and all stations in a WLAN on a periodic basis. Setting of the Group Key Update Timer is also supported in WPA(2)-PSK mode. The ZyXEL Device default is 1800 seconds (30 minutes). Authentication Server IP Address Port Number Enter the IP address of the external authentication server in dotted decimal notation. Enter the port number of the external authentication server. The default port number is 1812. You need not change this value unless your network administrator instructs you to do so with additional information. Shared Secret Enter a password (up to 31 alphanumeric characters) as the key to be shared between the external authentication server and the ZyXEL Device. The key must be the same on the external authentication server and your ZyXEL Device. The key is not sent over the network. 7.4.5 MAC Filter This screen allows you to configure the ZyXEL Device to give exclusive access to specific devices (Allow) or exclude specific devices from accessing the ZyXEL Device (Deny). Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. You need to know the MAC addresses of the devices to configure this screen. 112 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 7 Wireless LAN Use this screen to change your ZyXEL Devices MAC filter settings. Click the Edit button in the Wireless LAN > General screen. The following screen displays. Figure 53 Wireless LAN > MAC Filter The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 28 Wireless LAN > MAC Filter LABEL MAC Restrict Mode DESCRIPTION Define the filter action for the list of MAC addresses in the table below. Select Disabled to turn off MAC address filtering. Select Allow to permit access to the ZyXEL Device, MAC addresses not listed will be denied access to the ZyXEL Device. Select Deny to block access to the ZyXEL Device, MAC addresses not listed will be allowed to access the ZyXEL Device This is the index number of the MAC address. This is the MAC addresses of the wireless devices that are allowed or denied access to the ZyXEL Device. Click the Remove icon to delete the entry. Click this to return to the previous screen without saving changes. Click this to create a new MAC filtering rule.

MAC Address Modify Back Add 7.4.6 Adding a New MAC Filtering Rule Click the Add button in the MAC Filter screen. The following screen displays. Figure 54 Wireless LAN > MAC Filter > Add P-870HN-51b Users Guide 113 Chapter 7 Wireless LAN The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 29 Wireless LAN > MAC Filter > Add LABEL MAC Address DESCRIPTION Enter the MAC addresses of the wireless devices that are allowed or denied access to the ZyXEL Device in these address fields. Enter the MAC addresses in a valid MAC address format, that is, six hexadecimal character pairs, for example, 12:34:56:78:9a:bc. Click this to return to the previous screen without saving changes. Click this to save your changes and go back to the previous screen. Back Apply 7.5 The More AP Screen This screen allows you to enable and configure multiple wireless networks on the ZyXEL Device. Click Network > Wireless LAN > More AP. The following screen displays. Figure 55 Network > Wireless LAN > More AP The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 30 Network > Wireless LAN > More AP LABEL

Active SSID DESCRIPTION This is the index number of each SSID profile. Select the check box to activate an SSID profile. An SSID profile is the set of parameters relating to one of the ZyXEL Devices BSSs. The SSID (Service Set IDentifier) identifies the Service Set with which a wireless device is associated. This field displays the name of the wireless profile on the network. When a wireless client scans for an AP to associate with, this is the name that is broadcast and seen in the wireless client utility. This field indicates the security mode of the SSID profile. Click the Edit icon to configure the SSID profile. Security Modify 114 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 7 Wireless LAN Table 30 Network > Wireless LAN > More AP LABEL Apply Reset DESCRIPTION Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device. Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen. 7.5.1 More AP Edit Use this screen to edit an SSID profile. Click the Edit icon next to an SSID in the More AP screen. The following screen displays. Figure 56 Network > Wireless LAN > More AP: Edit See Section 7.4 on page 105 for more details about the fields in this screen. 7.6 The WPS Screen Use this screen to configure WiFi Protected Setup (WPS) on your ZyXEL Device. WPS allows you to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without having to configure security settings manually. Set up each WPS connection between two devices. Both devices must support WPS. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 115 Chapter 7 Wireless LAN Click Network > Wireless LAN >WPS. The following screen displays. Figure 57 Network > Wireless LAN > WPS The following table describes the labels in this screen. DESCRIPTION Table 31 Network > Wireless LAN > WPS LABEL WPS Setup Enable WPS PIN Number Select the check box to activate WPS on the ZyXEL Device. This shows the PIN (Personal Identification Number) of the ZyXEL Device. Enter this PIN in the configuration utility of the device you want to connect to using WPS. Generate WPS Status The PIN is not necessary when you use WPS push-button method. Click this button to have the ZyXEL Device create a new PIN. This displays Configured when the ZyXEL Device has connected to a wireless network using WPS or Enable WPS is selected and wireless or wireless security settings have been changed. The current wireless and wireless security settings also appear in the screen. This displays Unconfigured if WPS is disabled and there is no wireless or wireless security changes on the ZyXEL Device. Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device. Apply 7.7 The WPS Station Screen Use this screen to set up a WPS wireless network using either Push Button Configuration (PBC) or PIN Configuration. 116 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Click Network > Wireless LAN > WPS Station. The following screen displays. Figure 58 Network > Wireless LAN > WPS Station Chapter 7 Wireless LAN The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 32 Network > Wireless LAN > WPS Station LABEL Push Button DESCRIPTION Click this button to add another WPS-enabled wireless device (within wireless range of the ZyXEL Device) to your wireless network. Note: You must press the other wireless devices WPS button within two minutes of pressing this button. Or input station's PIN number Enter the PIN of the device that you are setting up a WPS connection with and click Start to authenticate and add the wireless device to your wireless network. You can find the PIN either on the outside of the device, or by checking the devices settings. Note: You must also activate WPS on that device within two minutes to have it present its PIN to the ZyXEL Device. 7.8 The WDS Screen A Wireless Distribution System (WDS) is a wireless connection between two or more APs. Use this screen to set up your WDS links between the ZyXEL Devices. You need to know the MAC address of the peer device. Once the security settings of peer sides match one another, the connection between the devices is made. Note: You can use WDS only when wireless security is set to No Security or WEP. The wireless security settings apply to both WDS links and the connections between the ZyXEL Device and any wireless clients. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 117 Chapter 7 Wireless LAN Note: At the time of writing, WDS is only compatible with other ZyXEL Devices of the same model. Click Network > Wireless LAN > WDS. The following screen displays. WDS is turned on and this screen is configurable when the ZyXEL Device's wireless security mode is No Security or WEP. Figure 59 Network > Wireless LAN > WDS The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 33 Network > Wireless LAN > WDS LABEL WDS Operating Mode Select the operating mode for your ZyXEL Device. DESCRIPTION Access Point + Bridge - The ZyXEL Device functions as a bridge and access point simultaneously. Wireless Bridge - The ZyXEL Device acts as a wireless network bridge and establishes wireless links with other APs. In this mode, clients cannot connect to the ZyXEL Device wirelessly. You need to know the MAC address of the peer device, which must be of the same model and also WDS-enabled. The ZyXEL Device can establish up to four wireless links with other APs. This field is available only when you set operating mode to Access Point + Bridge. Select Enabled to turn on WDS and enter the peer devices MAC address manually in the table below. Bridge Restrict Select Enabled(Scan) to turn on WDS, search and display the available APs within range in the table below. Enter the MAC address of the peer device that your ZyXEL Device wants to make a bridge connection with. Remote Bridges MAC Address You can connect to up to 4 peer devices. 118 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 7 Wireless LAN Table 33 Network > Wireless LAN > WDS LABEL DESCRIPTION This is available only when you select Enabled(Scan) in the Bridge Restrict field. Select the check box and click Apply to have the ZyXEL Device establish a wireless link with the selected wireless device. This is available only when you select Enabled(Scan) in the Bridge Restrict field. This shows the SSID of the available wireless device within range. This is available only when you select Enabled(Scan) in the Bridge Restrict field. This shows the MAC address of the available wireless device within range. Click Refresh to update the Remote Bridges MAC Address table when Bridge Restrict is set to Enabled(Scan). Click Apply to save your changes to ZyXEL Device. SSID BSSID Refresh Apply 7.9 The Advanced Setup Screen To configure advanced wireless settings, click Network > Wireless LAN >

Advanced Setup. The screen appears as shown. Figure 60 Wireless LAN > Advanced Setup P-870HN-51b Users Guide 119 Chapter 7 Wireless LAN The following table describes the labels in this screen. DESCRIPTION Enter a value between 0 and 2432. Table 34 Wireless LAN > Advanced Setup LABEL RTS/CTS Threshold Fragmentation Threshold Number of Wireless Stations Allowed Output Power This is the maximum data fragment size that can be sent. Enter a value between 256 and 2432. Specify the maximum number (from 1 to 64) of the wireless stations that may connect to the ZyXEL Device. Set the output power of the ZyXEL Device. If there is a high density of APs in an area, decrease the output power to reduce interference with other APs. Select one of the following 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% or 100%. Multicast Rate Select a data rate at which the ZyXEL Device transmits wireless multicast traffic. 802.11 Mode 802.11 Protection If you select a high rate, multicast traffic may occupy all the bandwidth and cause network congestion. Select 802.11b Only to allow either IEEE 802.11b or IEEE 802.11g compliant WLAN devices to associate with the ZyXEL Device. In this mode, all wireless devices can only transmit at the data rates supported by IEEE 802.11b. Select 802.11g Only to allow IEEE 802.11g compliant WLAN devices to associate with the ZyXEL Device. IEEE 802.11b compliant WLAN devices can associate with the ZyXEL Device only when they use the short preamble type. Select 802.11n Only to only allow IEEE 802.11n compliant WLAN devices to associate with the ZyXEL Device. This can increase transmission rates, although IEEE 802.11b or IEEE 802.11g clients will not be able to connect to the ZyXEL Device. Select 802.11b/g Mixed to allow either IEEE 802.11b or IEEE 802.11g compliant WLAN devices to associate with the ZyXEL Device. The ZyXEL Device adjusts the transmission rate automatically according to the wireless standard supported by the wireless devices. Select 802.11 b/g/n mixed mode to allow both IEEE802.11b, IEEE802.11g and IEEE802.11n compliant WLAN devices to associate with the ZyXEL Device. The transmission rate of your ZyXEL Device might be reduced. Enabling this feature can help prevent collisions in mixed-mode networks

(networks with both IEEE 802.11b and IEEE 802.11g traffic). Select Auto to have the wireless devices transmit data after a RTS/CTS handshake. This helps improve IEEE 802.11g performance. Select Off to disable 802.11 protection. The transmission rate of your ZyXEL Device might be reduced in a mixed-mode network. This field displays Off and is not configurable when you set 802.11 Mode to 802.11b Only. 120 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 7 Wireless LAN Table 34 Wireless LAN > Advanced Setup LABEL Preamble DESCRIPTION Select a preamble type from the drop-down list menu. Choices are Long or Short. The default setting is Long. See the appendix for more information. This field is not configurable and the ZyXEL Device uses Short when you set 802.11 Mode to 802.11g Only or 802.11n Only. Click this to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device. Click this to reload the previous configuration for this screen. Apply Reset 7.10 Technical Reference This section discusses wireless LANs in depth. For more information, see the appendix. 7.10.1 Wireless Network Overview The following figure provides an example of a wireless network. Figure 61 Example of a Wireless Network AP A B P-870HN-51b Users Guide 121 Chapter 7 Wireless LAN The wireless network is the part in the blue circle. In this wireless network, devices A and B use the access point (AP) to interact with the other devices (such as the printer) or with the Internet. Your ZyXEL Device is the AP. Every wireless network must follow these basic guidelines. Every device in the same wireless network must use the same SSID. The SSID is the name of the wireless network. It stands for Service Set IDentity. If two wireless networks overlap, they should use a different channel. Like radio stations or television channels, each wireless network uses a specific channel, or frequency, to send and receive information. Every device in the same wireless network must use security compatible with the AP. Security stops unauthorized devices from using the wireless network. It can also protect the information that is sent in the wireless network. 7.10.2 Additional Wireless Terms The following table describes some wireless network terms and acronyms used in the ZyXEL Devices Web Configurator. Table 35 Additional Wireless Terms TERM RTS/CTS Threshold In a wireless network which covers a large area, wireless devices DESCRIPTION are sometimes not aware of each others presence. This may cause them to send information to the AP at the same time and result in information colliding and not getting through. By setting this value lower than the default value, the wireless devices must sometimes get permission to send information to the ZyXEL Device. The lower the value, the more often the devices must get permission. If this value is greater than the fragmentation threshold value (see below), then wireless devices never have to get permission to send information to the ZyXEL Device. A preamble affects the timing in your wireless network. There are two preamble modes: long and short. If a device uses a different preamble mode than the ZyXEL Device does, it cannot communicate with the ZyXEL Device. The process of verifying whether a wireless device is allowed to use the wireless network. A small fragmentation threshold is recommended for busy networks, while a larger threshold provides faster performance if the network is not very busy. Preamble Authentication Fragmentation Threshold 122 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 7 Wireless LAN 7.10.3 Wireless Security Overview The following sections introduce different types of wireless security you can set up in the wireless network. 7.10.3.1 SSID Normally, the ZyXEL Device acts like a beacon and regularly broadcasts the SSID in the area. You can hide the SSID instead, in which case the ZyXEL Device does not broadcast the SSID. In addition, you should change the default SSID to something that is difficult to guess. This type of security is fairly weak, however, because there are ways for unauthorized wireless devices to get the SSID. In addition, unauthorized wireless devices can still see the information that is sent in the wireless network. 7.10.3.2 MAC Address Filter Every device that can use a wireless network has a unique identification number, called a MAC address.1 A MAC address is usually written using twelve hexadecimal characters2; for example, 00A0C5000002 or 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. To get the MAC address for each device in the wireless network, see the devices Users Guide or other documentation. You can use the MAC address filter to tell the ZyXEL Device which devices are allowed or not allowed to use the wireless network. If a device is allowed to use the wireless network, it still has to have the correct information (SSID, channel, and security). If a device is not allowed to use the wireless network, it does not matter if it has the correct information. This type of security does not protect the information that is sent in the wireless network. Furthermore, there are ways for unauthorized wireless devices to get the MAC address of an authorized device. Then, they can use that MAC address to use the wireless network. 7.10.3.3 User Authentication Authentication is the process of verifying whether a wireless device is allowed to use the wireless network. You can make every user log in to the wireless network before they can use it. However, every device in the wireless network has to support IEEE 802.1x to do this. 1. Some wireless devices, such as scanners, can detect wireless networks but cannot use wireless networks. These kinds of wireless devices might not have MAC addresses. 2. Hexadecimal characters are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, and F. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 123 Chapter 7 Wireless LAN For wireless networks, you can store the user names and passwords for each user in a RADIUS server. This is a server used in businesses more than in homes. If you do not have a RADIUS server, you cannot set up user names and passwords for your users. Unauthorized wireless devices can still see the information that is sent in the wireless network, even if they cannot use the wireless network. Furthermore, there are ways for unauthorized wireless users to get a valid user name and password. Then, they can use that user name and password to use the wireless network. 7.10.3.4 Encryption Wireless networks can use encryption to protect the information that is sent in the wireless network. Encryption is like a secret code. If you do not know the secret code, you cannot understand the message. The types of encryption you can choose depend on the type of authentication.

(See Section 7.10.3.3 on page 123 for information about this.) Table 36 Types of Encryption for Each Type of Authentication Weakest NO AUTHENTICATION RADIUS SERVER No Security Static WEP WPA-PSK Strongest WPA2-PSK WPA WPA2 For example, if the wireless network has a RADIUS server, you can choose WPA or WPA2. If users do not log in to the wireless network, you can choose no encryption, Static WEP, WPA-PSK, or WPA2-PSK. Usually, you should set up the strongest encryption that every device in the wireless network supports. For example, suppose you have a wireless network with the ZyXEL Device and you do not have a RADIUS server. Therefore, there is no authentication. Suppose the wireless network has two devices. Device A only supports WEP, and device B supports WEP and WPA. Therefore, you should set up Static WEP in the wireless network. Note: It is recommended that wireless networks use WPA-PSK, WPA, or stronger encryption. The other types of encryption are better than none at all, but it is still possible for unauthorized wireless devices to figure out the original information pretty quickly. When you select WPA2 or WPA2-PSK in your ZyXEL Device, you can also select an option (WPA compatible) to support WPA as well. In this case, if some of the 124 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 7 Wireless LAN devices support WPA and some support WPA2, you should set up WPA2-PSK or WPA2 (depending on the type of wireless network login) and select the WPA compatible option in the ZyXEL Device. Many types of encryption use a key to protect the information in the wireless network. The longer the key, the stronger the encryption. Every device in the wireless network must have the same key. 7.10.4 WiFi Protected Setup Your ZyXEL Device supports WiFi Protected Setup (WPS), which is an easy way to set up a secure wireless network. WPS is an industry standard specification, defined by the WiFi Alliance. WPS allows you to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without having to configure security settings manually. Each WPS connection works between two devices. Both devices must support WPS (check each devices documentation to make sure). Depending on the devices you have, you can either press a button (on the device itself, or in its configuration utility) or enter a PIN (a unique Personal Identification Number that allows one device to authenticate the other) in each of the two devices. When WPS is activated on a device, it has two minutes to find another device that also has WPS activated. Then, the two devices connect and set up a secure network by themselves. 7.10.4.1 Push Button Configuration WPS Push Button Configuration (PBC) is initiated by pressing a button on each WPS-enabled device, and allowing them to connect automatically. You do not need to enter any information. Not every WPS-enabled device has a physical WPS button. Some may have a WPS PBC button in their configuration utilities instead of or in addition to the physical button. Take the following steps to set up WPS using the button. 1 Ensure that the two devices you want to set up are within wireless range of one another. 2 Look for a WPS button on each device. If the device does not have one, log into its configuration utility and locate the button (see the devices Users Guide for how to do this - for the ZyXEL Device, see Section 7.7 on page 116). P-870HN-51b Users Guide 125 Chapter 7 Wireless LAN 3 Press the button on one of the devices (it doesnt matter which). For the ZyXEL Device you must press the WPS button for more than three seconds. 4 Within two minutes, press the button on the other device. The registrar sends the network name (SSID) and security key through an secure connection to the enrollee. If you need to make sure that WPS worked, check the list of associated wireless clients in the APs configuration utility. If you see the wireless client in the list, WPS was successful. 7.10.4.2 PIN Configuration Each WPS-enabled device has its own PIN (Personal Identification Number). This may either be static (it cannot be changed) or dynamic (in some devices you can generate a new PIN by clicking on a button in the configuration interface). Use the PIN method instead of the push-button configuration (PBC) method if you want to ensure that the connection is established between the devices you specify, not just the first two devices to activate WPS in range of each other. However, you need to log into the configuration interfaces of both devices to use the PIN method. When you use the PIN method, you must enter the PIN from one device (usually the wireless client) into the second device (usually the Access Point or wireless router). Then, when WPS is activated on the first device, it presents its PIN to the second device. If the PIN matches, one device sends the network and security information to the other, allowing it to join the network. Take the following steps to set up a WPS connection between an access point or wireless router (referred to here as the AP) and a client device using the PIN method. 1 Ensure WPS is enabled on both devices. 2 Access the WPS section of the APs configuration interface. See the devices Users Guide for how to do this. 3 Look for the clients WPS PIN; it will be displayed either on the device, or in the WPS section of the clients configuration interface (see the devices Users Guide for how to find the WPS PIN - for the ZyXEL Device, see Section 7.6 on page 115). 4 Enter the clients PIN in the APs configuration interface. Note: If the client devices configuration interface has an area for entering another devices PIN, you can either enter the clients PIN in the AP, or enter the APs PIN in the client - it does not matter which. 126 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 7 Wireless LAN 5 Start WPS on both devices within two minutes. Note: Use the configuration utility to activate WPS, not the push-button on the device itself. 6 On a computer connected to the wireless client, try to connect to the Internet. If you can connect, WPS was successful. If you cannot connect, check the list of associated wireless clients in the APs configuration utility. If you see the wireless client in the list, WPS was successful. The following figure shows a WPS-enabled wireless client (installed in a notebook computer) connecting to the WPS-enabled AP via the PIN method. Figure 62 Example WPS Process: PIN Method ENROLLEE REGISTRAR WPS This devices WPS PIN: 123456 WPS Enter WPS PIN from other device:

WPS WPS START START WITHIN 2 MINUTES SECURE EAP TUNNEL SSID WPA(2)-PSK COMMUNICATION P-870HN-51b Users Guide 127 Chapter 7 Wireless LAN 7.10.4.3 How WPS Works When two WPS-enabled devices connect, each device must assume a specific role. One device acts as the registrar (the device that supplies network and security settings) and the other device acts as the enrollee (the device that receives network and security settings. The registrar creates a secure EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) tunnel and sends the network name (SSID) and the WPA-

PSK or WPA2-PSK pre-shared key to the enrollee. Whether WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK is used depends on the standards supported by the devices. If the registrar is already part of a network, it sends the existing information. If not, it generates the SSID and WPA(2)-PSK randomly. The following figure shows a WPS-enabled client (installed in a notebook computer) connecting to a WPS-enabled access point. Figure 63 How WPS works ACTIVATE WPS ENROLLEE WITHIN 2 MINUTES WPS HANDSHAKE SECURE TUNNEL SECURITY INFO COMMUNICATION ACTIVATE WPS REGISTRAR The roles of registrar and enrollee last only as long as the WPS setup process is active (two minutes). The next time you use WPS, a different device can be the registrar if necessary. The WPS connection process is like a handshake; only two devices participate in each WPS transaction. If you want to add more devices you should repeat the process with one of the existing networked devices and the new device. 128 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 7 Wireless LAN Note that the access point (AP) is not always the registrar, and the wireless client is not always the enrollee. All WPS-certified APs can be a registrar, and so can some WPS-enabled wireless clients. By default, a WPS devices is unconfigured. This means that it is not part of an existing network and can act as either enrollee or registrar (if it supports both functions). If the registrar is unconfigured, the security settings it transmits to the enrollee are randomly-generated. Once a WPS-enabled device has connected to another device using WPS, it becomes configured. A configured wireless client can still act as enrollee or registrar in subsequent WPS connections, but a configured access point can no longer act as enrollee. It will be the registrar in all subsequent WPS connections in which it is involved. If you want a configured AP to act as an enrollee, you must reset it to its factory defaults. 7.10.4.4 Example WPS Network Setup This section shows how security settings are distributed in an example WPS setup. The following figure shows an example network. In step 1, both AP1 and Client 1 are unconfigured. When WPS is activated on both, they perform the handshake. In this example, AP1 is the registrar, and Client 1 is the enrollee. The registrar randomly generates the security information to set up the network, since it is unconfigured and has no existing information. Figure 64 WPS: Example Network Step 1 ENROLLEE CLIENT 1 SECURITY INFO REGISTRAR AP1 In step 2, you add another wireless client to the network. You know that Client 1 supports registrar mode, but it is better to use AP1 for the WPS handshake with the new client since you must connect to the access point anyway in order to use the network. In this case, AP1 must be the registrar, since it is configured (it P-870HN-51b Users Guide 129 Chapter 7 Wireless LAN already has security information for the network). AP1 supplies the existing security information to Client 2. Figure 65 WPS: Example Network Step 2 REGISTRAR AP1 EXISTING CONNECTION O F Y I N R I T U C E S CLIENT 1 ENROLLEE CLIENT 2 In step 3, you add another access point (AP2) to your network. AP2 is out of range of AP1, so you cannot use AP1 for the WPS handshake with the new access point. However, you know that Client 2 supports the registrar function, so you use it to perform the WPS handshake instead. Figure 66 WPS: Example Network Step 3 CLIENT 1 REGISTRAR CLIENT 2 EXISTING CONNECTION N T I O C E N N O G C T I N X I S E SECURITY INFO AP1 ENROLLEE AP2 130 P-870HN-51b Users Guide 7.10.4.5 Limitations of WPS Chapter 7 Wireless LAN WPS has some limitations of which you should be aware. WPS works in Infrastructure networks only (where an AP and a wireless client communicate). It does not work in Ad-Hoc networks (where there is no AP). When you use WPS, it works between two devices only. You cannot enroll multiple devices simultaneously, you must enroll one after the other. For instance, if you have two enrollees and one registrar you must set up the first enrollee (by pressing the WPS button on the registrar and the first enrollee, for example), then check that it successfully enrolled, then set up the second device in the same way. WPS works only with other WPS-enabled devices. However, you can still add non-WPS devices to a network you already set up using WPS. WPS works by automatically issuing a randomly-generated WPA-PSK or WPA2-

PSK pre-shared key from the registrar device to the enrollee devices. Whether the network uses WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK depends on the device. You can check the configuration interface of the registrar device to discover the key the network is using (if the device supports this feature). Then, you can enter the key into the non-WPS device and join the network as normal (the non-WPS device must also support WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK). When you use the PBC method, there is a short period (from the moment you press the button on one device to the moment you press the button on the other device) when any WPS-enabled device could join the network. This is because the registrar has no way of identifying the correct enrollee, and cannot differentiate between your enrollee and a rogue device. This is a possible way for a hacker to gain access to a network. You can easily check to see if this has happened. WPS works between only two devices simultaneously, so if another device has enrolled your device will be unable to enroll, and will not have access to the network. If this happens, open the access points configuration interface and look at the list of associated clients (usually displayed by MAC address). It does not matter if the access point is the WPS registrar, the enrollee, or was not involved in the WPS handshake; a rogue device must still associate with the access point to gain access to the network. Check the MAC addresses of your wireless clients

(usually printed on a label on the bottom of the device). If there is an unknown MAC address you can remove it or reset the AP. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 131 Chapter 7 Wireless LAN 132 P-870HN-51b Users Guide CHAPTER 8 Network Address Translation

(NAT) 8.1 Overview This chapter discusses how to configure NAT on the ZyXEL Device. Network Address Translation (NAT, RFC 1631) is the translation of the IP address of a host in a packet, for example, the source address of an outgoing packet, used within one network to a different IP address known within another network. 8.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter The Port Forwarding screen lets you configure forward incoming service requests to the server(s) on your local network (Section 8.3 on page 134). The Trigger Port screen lets you change the ZyXEL Device's trigger port settings (Section 8.4 on page 137). The DMZ Host screen lets you configure a default server (Section 8.5 on page 142). The ALG screen lets you enable SIP ALG on the ZyXEL Device (Section 8.6 on page 142). 8.2 What You Need to Know The following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter. NAT In the simplest form, NAT changes the source IP address in a packet received from a subscriber (the inside local address) to another (the inside global address) before forwarding the packet to the WAN side. When the response comes back, NAT translates the destination address (the inside global address) back to the inside local address before forwarding it to the original inside host. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 133 Chapter 8 Network Address Translation (NAT) Port Forwarding A port forwarding set is a list of inside (behind NAT on the LAN) servers, for example, web or FTP, that you can make visible to the outside world even though NAT makes your whole inside network appear as a single computer to the outside world. 8.3 The Port Forwarding Screen This summary screen provides a summary of all port forwarding rules and their configuration. In addition, this screen allows you to create new port forwarding rules and delete existing rules. You may enter a single port number or a range of port numbers to be forwarded, and the local IP address of the desired server. The port number identifies a service; for example, web service is on port 80 and FTP on port 21. In some cases, such as for unknown services or where one server can support more than one service (for example both FTP and web service), it might be better to specify a range of port numbers. You can allocate a server IP address that corresponds to a port or a range of ports. Note: Many residential broadband ISP accounts do not allow you to run any server processes (such as a Web or FTP server) from your location. Your ISP may periodically check for servers and may suspend your account if it discovers any active services at your location. If you are unsure, refer to your ISP. To access this screen, click Network > NAT. The following screen appears. Figure 67 NAT Port Forwarding 134 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 8 Network Address Translation (NAT) The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 37 NAT Port Forwarding DESCRIPTION LABEL Service Name Select a pre-defined service from the drop-down list box. The pre-

defined service port number(s) and protocol will display in the External port, Internal port and Protocol fields. Otherwise, select User Define to open the Rule Setup screen where you can manually enter the port number(s) and select the IP protocol. WAN Interface Select the WAN interface through which the service is forwarded. Server IP Address External Port Start External Port End You must have already configured a WAN connection with NAT enabled. Enter the IP address of the server for the specified service. Enter the original destination port for the packets. To forward only one port, enter the port number again in the External Port End field. To forward a series of ports, enter the start port number here and the end port number in the External Port End field. Enter the last port of the original destination port range. To forward only one port, enter the port number in the External Port Start field above and then enter it again in this field. To forward a series of ports, enter the last port number in a series that begins with the port number in the External Port Start field above. Enter the port number to which you want the ZyXEL Device to translate the incoming port. Internal Port Start To forward only one port, enter the port number again in the Internal Port End field. For a range of ports, enter the first number of the range to which you want the incoming ports translated. Enter the last port of the translated port range. This is the IP protocol. Click this button to add a rule to the table below. This is the rule index number (read-only). This field indicates whether the rule is active or not. Clear the check box to disable the rule. Select the check box to enable it. This field displays the name of the service used by the packets for this virtual server. This field displays the WAN interface through which the service is forwarded. This is the first external port number that identifies a service. This is the last external port number that identifies a service. Internal Port End Protocol Add No. Active Service Name WAN Interface External Start Port External End Port P-870HN-51b Users Guide 135 Chapter 8 Network Address Translation (NAT) DESCRIPTION This is the first internal port number that identifies a service. This is the last internal port number that identifies a service. Table 37 NAT Port Forwarding (continued) LABEL Internal Start Port Internal End Port Server IP Address Modify This field displays the inside IP address of the server. Click the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can edit the port forwarding rule. Click the Remove icon to delete an existing port forwarding rule. Note that subsequent rules move up by one when you take this action. Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device. Click Cancel to return to the previous configuration. Apply Cancel 8.3.1 The Port Forwarding Edit Screen This screen lets you create or edit a port forwarding rule. Select User Define in the Service Name field or click the rules Edit icon in the Port Forwarding screen to open the following screen. Figure 68 Port Forwarding Edit 136 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 8 Network Address Translation (NAT) The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 38 Port Forwarding Edit DESCRIPTION LABEL Active Clear the check box to disable the rule. Select the check box to enable it. Service Name This field is not editable if you are configuring a User Define rule. Enter a name to identify this rule. This field is read-only if you click the Edit icon in the Port Forwarding screen. WAN Interface Select a WAN interface for which you want to configure port forwarding External Start Port External End Port Internal Start Port Internal End Port Server IP Address Protocol Back Apply Cancel rules. Enter the original destination port for the packets. To forward only one port, enter the port number again in the External End Port field. To forward a series of ports, enter the start port number here and the end port number in the External End Port field. Enter the last port of the original destination port range. To forward only one port, enter the port number in the External Start Port field above and then enter it again in this field. To forward a series of ports, enter the last port number in a series that begins with the port number in the External Start Port field above. Enter the port number here to which you want the ZyXEL Device to translate the incoming port. For a range of ports, enter the first number of the range to which you want the incoming ports translated. Enter the last port of the translated port range. Enter the inside IP address of the virtual server here. Select the protocol supported by this virtual server. Choices are TCP, UDP, or TCP/UDP. Click Back to return to the previous screen. Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device. Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh. 8.4 The Trigger Port Screen Some services use a dedicated range of ports on the client side and a dedicated range of ports on the server side. With regular port forwarding you set a forwarding port in NAT to forward a service (coming in from the server on the WAN) to the IP address of a computer on the client side (LAN). The problem is that port forwarding only forwards a service to a single LAN IP address. In order to use the same service on a different LAN computer, you have to manually replace the LAN computer's IP address in the forwarding port with another LAN computer's IP address. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 137 Chapter 8 Network Address Translation (NAT) Trigger port forwarding solves this problem by allowing computers on the LAN to dynamically take turns using the service. The ZyXEL Device records the IP address of a LAN computer that sends traffic to the WAN to request a service with a specific port number and protocol (a "trigger" port). When the ZyXEL Device's WAN port receives a response with a specific port number and protocol ("open"

port), the ZyXEL Device forwards the traffic to the LAN IP address of the computer that sent the request. After that computers connection for that service closes, another computer on the LAN can use the service in the same manner. This way you do not need to configure a new IP address each time you want a different LAN computer to use the application. For example:

Figure 69 Trigger Port Forwarding Process: Example Janes Computer Internet Real Audio Server 1 2 3 4 Jane requests a file from the Real Audio server (port 7070). Port 7070 is a trigger port and causes the ZyXEL Device to record Janes computer IP address. The ZyXEL Device associates Jane's computer IP address with the "open" port range of 6970-7170. The Real Audio server responds using a port number ranging between 6970-7170. The ZyXEL Device forwards the traffic to Janes computer IP address. 5 Only Jane can connect to the Real Audio server until the connection is closed or times out. The ZyXEL Device times out in three minutes with UDP (User Datagram Protocol) or two hours with TCP/IP (Transfer Control Protocol/Internet Protocol). 138 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 8 Network Address Translation (NAT) Click NAT > Trigger Port to open the following screen. Use this screen to view and configure your ZyXEL Devices trigger port settings. Figure 70 Trigger Port The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 39 NAT Trigger Port LABEL Service Name DESCRIPTION Select a pre-defined service from the drop-down list box. The pre-

defined service port number(s) and protocol will display in the Trigger port, Open port and Protocol fields. Otherwise, select User Define to open the Rule Setup screen where you can manually enter the port number(s) and select the IP protocol. WAN Interface Select the WAN interface through which the service is forwarded. Trigger Port The trigger port is a port (or a range of ports) that causes (or triggers) the ZyXEL Device to record the IP address of the LAN computer that sent the traffic to a server on the WAN. This is the first port number that identifies a service. This is the last port number that identifies a service. This is the IP protocol. The open port is a port (or a range of ports) that a server on the WAN uses when it sends out a particular service. The ZyXEL Device forwards the traffic with this port (or range of ports) to the client computer on the LAN that requested the service. This is the first port number that identifies a service. This is the last port number that identifies a service. This is the IP protocol. Click this button to add a rule to the table below. This is the rule index number (read-only). This field indicates whether the rule is active or not. Start End Protocol Open Port Start End Protocol Add No. Active Server Name WAN Interface Clear the check box to disable the rule. Select the check box to enable it. This field displays the name of the service used by the packets for this virtual server. This field displays the WAN interface through which the service is forwarded. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 139 Chapter 8 Network Address Translation (NAT) Table 39 NAT Trigger Port (continued) LABEL Trigger Start Port Trigger End Port Trigger Proto. DESCRIPTION This is the first trigger port number that identifies a service. This is the last trigger port number that identifies a service. This is the trigger IP protocol. 1 means TCP, 2 means UDP and 3 means TCP/UDP. This is the first open port number that identifies a service. Open Start Port Open End Port This is the last open port number that identifies a service. Open Proto. This is the open IP protocol. 1 means TCP, 2 means UDP and 3 means TCP/UDP. Click the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can edit the rule. Click the Remove icon to delete an existing rule. Note that subsequent rules move up by one when you take this action. Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device. Click Cancel to return to the previous configuration. Modify Apply Cancel 8.4.1 Trigger Port Configuration This screen lets you create new port triggering rules. Click the Add icon in the NAT - Trigger Port screen to open the following screen. Figure 71 NAT > Trigger Port > Add 140 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 8 Network Address Translation (NAT) The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 40 NAT > Port Triggering > Add LABEL Active DESCRIPTION Clear the check box to disable the rule. Select the check box to enable it. Service Name WAN Interface Trigger Start Port Trigger End Port Trigger Protocol Open Start Port Open End Port Open Protocol Back Apply Cancel This field is not editable if you are configuring a User Define rule. Enter a name to identify this rule. This field is read-only if you click the Edit icon in the Trigger Port screen. Select a WAN interface for which you want to configure port triggering rules. The trigger port is a port (or a range of ports) that causes (or triggers) the ZyXEL Device to record the IP address of the LAN computer that sent the traffic to a server on the WAN. Type a port number or the starting port number in a range of port numbers. Type a port number or the ending port number in a range of port numbers. Select the IP protocol from TCP, UDP, or TCP/UDP. The open port is a port (or a range of ports) that a server on the WAN uses when it sends out a particular service. The ZyXEL Device forwards the traffic with this port (or range of ports) to the client computer on the LAN that requested the service. Type a port number or the starting port number in a range of port numbers. Type a port number or the ending port number in a range of port numbers. Select the IP protocol from TCP, UDP, or TCP/UDP. Click Back to return to the previous screen. Click Apply to save your changes to the ZyXEL Device. Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 141 Chapter 8 Network Address Translation (NAT) 8.5 The DMZ Host Screen In addition to the servers for specified services, NAT supports a default server IP address. A default server receives packets from ports that are not specified in the NAT Port Forwarding Setup screen. Figure 72 NAT > DMZ Host The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 41 NAT > DMZ Host LABEL Default Server DESCRIPTION Enter the IP address of the default server which receives packets from ports that are not specified in the NAT Port Forwarding screen. Note: If you do not assign a Default Server, the ZyXEL Device discards all packets received for ports that are not specified in the NAT Port Forwarding screen. Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device. 8.6 The ALG Screen Some NAT routers may include a SIP Application Layer Gateway (ALG). A SIP ALG allows SIP calls to pass through NAT by examining and translating IP addresses embedded in the data stream. The SIP ALG translates the ZyXEL Devices private IP address inside the SIP data stream to a public IP address. You do not need to use STUN or an outbound proxy if you enable the SIP ALG. 142 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 8 Network Address Translation (NAT) Use this screen to enable or disable the SIP (VoIP) ALG in the ZyXEL Device. To access this screen, click NAT > ALG. Figure 73 NAT > ALG Each field is described in the following table. Table 42 NAT > ALG LABEL Active SIP ALG Select this check box to allow SIP sessions to pass through the ZyXEL DESCRIPTION Device. SIP is a signaling protocol used in VoIP (Voice over IP), the sending of voice signals over Internet Protocol. Click Apply to save your customized settings. Apply 8.7 Technical Reference The following section contains additional technical information about the ZyXEL Device features described in this chapter. Port Forwarding: Services and Port Numbers The most often used port numbers are shown in the following table. Please refer to RFC 1700 for further information about port numbers. Please also refer to the Supporting CD for more examples and details on port forwarding and NAT. Table 43 Services and Port Numbers SERVICES ECHO FTP (File Transfer Protocol) SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) DNS (Domain Name System) Finger HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer protocol or WWW, Web) POP3 (Post Office Protocol) NNTP (Network News Transport Protocol) SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) PORT NUMBER 7 21 25 53 79 80 110 119 161 P-870HN-51b Users Guide 143 Chapter 8 Network Address Translation (NAT) Table 43 Services and Port Numbers SERVICES SNMP trap PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) Port Forwarding Example PORT NUMBER 162 1723 Let's say you want to assign ports 21-25 to one FTP, Telnet and SMTP server (A in the example), port 80 to another (B in the example) and assign a default server IP address of 192.168.1.35 to a third (C in the example). You assign the LAN IP addresses and the ISP assigns the WAN IP address. The NAT network appears as a single host on the Internet. Figure 74 Multiple Servers Behind NAT Example A=192.168.1.33 192.168.1.1 B=192.168.1.34 Internet IP address assigned by ISP C=192.168.1.35 D=192.168.1.36 144 P-870HN-51b Users Guide PART III Security Firewall (147) Certificate (153) 145 146 CHAPTER 9 Firewall 9.1 Overview This chapter shows you how to enable and configure the ZyXEL Device firewall settings. The ZyXEL Device firewall is a packet filtering firewall and restricts access based on the source/destination computer network address of a packet and the type of application. 9.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter The Incoming screen lets you view and configure incoming IP filtering rules

(Section 9.3 on page 148). 9.2 What You Need to Know The following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter. Basics Computers share information over the Internet using a common language called TCP/IP. TCP/IP, in turn, is a set of application protocols that perform specific functions. An extension number, called the "TCP port" or "UDP port" identifies these protocols, such as HTTP (Web), FTP (File Transfer Protocol), POP3 (E-mail), etc. For example, Web traffic by default uses TCP port 80. When computers communicate on the Internet, they are using the client/server model, where the server "listens" on a specific TCP/UDP port for information requests from remote client computers on the network. For example, a Web server typically listens on port 80. Please note that while a computer may be intended for use over a single port, such as Web on port 80, other ports are also active. If the person configuring or managing the computer is not careful, a hacker could attack it over an unprotected port. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 147 Chapter 9 Firewall Some of the most common IP ports are:

Table 44 Common IP Ports 21 23 25 FTP Telnet SMTP 53 80 110 DNS HTTP POP3 Default Filtering Policies Filtering rules are grouped based on the direction of travel of packets to which they apply. The default rule for incoming traffic blocks all incoming connections from the WAN to the LAN. If you wish to allow certain WAN users to have access to your LAN, you will need to create custom rules to allow it. Note: If you configure filtering rules without a good understanding of how they work, you might inadvertently introduce security risks to the firewall and to the protected network. Make sure you test your rules after you configure them. These custom rules work by comparing the Source IP address, Destination IP address and IP protocol type of network traffic to rules set by the administrator. Your customized rules take precedence and override the ZyXEL Devices default rules. 9.3 The Firewall Screen Click Security > Firewall > Incoming to display the following screen. This screen displays a list of the configured incoming filtering rules. Figure 75 Firewall > Incoming 148 P-870HN-51b Users Guide The following table describes the labels in this screen. Chapter 9 Firewall Active Filter Name Interfaces Protocol Table 45 Firewall > Incoming DESCRIPTION LABEL Active Firewall Select this check box to enable the firewall on the ZyXEL Device. When the firewall is enabled, the ZyXEL Device blocks all incoming traffic from the WAN to the LAN. Create custom rules below to allow certain WAN users to access your LAN or to allow traffic from the WAN to a certain computer on the LAN. Select this check box to enable the rule. This displays the name of the rule. This displays the WAN interface(s) to which this rule is applied. This displays the IP protocol that defines the service to which this rule applies. This displays the source IP addresses and subnet mask to which this rule applies. Please note that a blank source address is equivalent to Any. This is the source port number. This displays the destination IP addresses and subnet mask to which this rule applies. Please note that a blank destination address is equivalent to Any. This is the destination port number. Click the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can edit the rule. Source Port Dest. Address /

Mask Source Address

/ Mask Dest. Port Modify Click the Remove icon to delete an existing rule. Note that subsequent rules move up by one when you take this action. Click Add to create a new rule. Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device. Add Apply P-870HN-51b Users Guide 149 Chapter 9 Firewall 9.3.1 Creating Incoming Firewall Rules In the Incoming screen, click Add to display this screen and refer to the following table for information on the labels. Figure 76 Firewall > Incoming: Add The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 46 Firewall > Incoming: Add LABEL Active Filter Name DESCRIPTION Select this check box to enable the rule. Enter a descriptive name of up to 16 printable English keyboard characters, including spaces. To add a firewall rule, you need to configure at least one of the following fields (except the Interface field). Select the IP protocol (TCP/UDP, TCP, UDP or ICMP) and enter the protocol (service type) number in the port field. Select NONE to apply the rule to any protocol. Enter the source IP address in dotted decimal notation. Enter the source subnet mask. Enter a single port number or the range of port numbers of the source. Enter the destination IP address in dotted decimal notation. Protocol Source IP Address Source Subnet Mask Source Port Destination IP Address 150 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 9 Firewall Table 46 Firewall > Incoming: Add (continued) LABEL Destination Subnet Mask Destination Port Interface DESCRIPTION Enter the destination subnet mask. Enter the port number of the destination. Select Select All to apply the rule to all interfaces on the ZyXEL Device or select the specific WAN interface(s) to which this rule applies. Click Back to return to the previous screen. Click Apply to save your customized settings and exit this screen. Back Apply P-870HN-51b Users Guide 151 Chapter 9 Firewall 152 P-870HN-51b Users Guide CHAPTER 10 Certificate 10.1 Overview The ZyXEL Device can use certificates (also called digital IDs) to authenticate users. Certificates are based on public-private key pairs. A certificate contains the certificate owners identity and public key. Certificates provide a way to exchange public keys for use in authentication. 10.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter The Local Certificates screen lets you generate certification requests and import the ZyXEL Device's CA-signed certificates (Section 10.4 on page 161). The Trusted CA screen lets you save the certificates of trusted CAs to the ZyXEL Device (Section 10.4 on page 161). 10.2 What You Need to Know The following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter. Certification Authority A Certification Authority (CA) issues certificates and guarantees the identity of each certificate owner. There are commercial certification authorities like CyberTrust or VeriSign and government certification authorities. The certification authority uses its private key to sign certificates. Anyone can then use the certification authority's public key to verify the certificates. You can use the ZyXEL Device to generate certification requests that contain identifying information and public keys and then send the certification requests to a certification authority. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 153 Chapter 10 Certificate 10.3 The Local Certificates Screen Click Security > Certificates to open the Local Certificates screen. This is the ZyXEL Devices summary list of certificates and certification requests. Figure 77 Local Certificates The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 47 Local Certificates LABEL Name In Use Subject Type Modify DESCRIPTION This field displays the name used to identify this certificate. It is recommended that you give each certificate a unique name. This field displays how many applications use the certificate. This field displays identifying information about the certificates owner, such as CN (Common Name), OU (Organizational Unit or department), O (Organization or company) and C (Country). It is recommended that each certificate have unique subject information. This field displays what kind of certificate this is. request represents a certification request and is not yet a valid certificate. Send a certification request to a certification authority, which then issues a certificate. Use the Load Certificate screen to import the certificate and replace the request. signed represents a certificate issued by a certification authority. Click the View button to open a screen with an in-depth list of information about the certificate (or certification request). Click the Load Signed button to import a valid certification to replace the request. Click the Remove button to delete the certificate (or certification request). You cannot delete a certificate that one or more features is configured to use. 154 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 10 Certificate Table 47 Local Certificates (continued) LABEL Create Certificate Request Import Certificate DESCRIPTION Click this button to go to the screen where you can have the ZyXEL Device generate a certification request. Click this button to open a screen where you can save the certificate that you have enrolled from a certification authority from your computer to the ZyXEL Device. 10.3.1 Create Certificate Request Click Security > Certificates > Local Certificates and then Create Certificate Request to open the My Certificate Create screen. Use this screen to have the ZyXEL Device generate a certification request. Figure 78 Create Certificate Request The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 48 Create Certificate Request LABEL Certificate Name Common Name DESCRIPTION Type up to 31 ASCII characters (not including spaces) to identify this certificate. Select a radio button to identify the certificates owner by IP address, domain name or e-mail address. Type the IP address (in dotted decimal notation), domain name or e-mail address in the field provided. The domain name or e-mail address can be up to 31 ASCII characters. The domain name or e-mail address is for identification purposes only and can be any string. Organization Name Type up to 127 characters to identify the company or group to which the certificate owner belongs. You may use any character, including spaces, but the ZyXEL Device drops trailing spaces. Type up to 127 characters to identify the state or province where the certificate owner is located. You may use any character, including spaces, but the ZyXEL Device drops trailing spaces. Select a country to identify the nation where the certificate owner is located. Country/Region Name State/Province Name P-870HN-51b Users Guide 155 Chapter 10 Certificate Table 48 Create Certificate Request (continued) LABEL Back Apply DESCRIPTION Click Back to return to the previous screen. Click Apply to begin certificate or certification request generation. After you click Apply, the Certificate Request Details screen displays. Click Load Signed Certificate to import a certificate signed by the CA to replace the request (see Section 10.3.4 on page 160). Otherwise, click Back to return to the Local Certificates screen. See Section 10.3.3 on page 158 for field information. Figure 79 Certificate Request Details 10.3.2 Import Certificate Click Security > Certificates > Local Certificates and then Import Certificate to open the Import Local Certificate screen. Follow the instructions in this screen to save an existing certificate to the ZyXEL Device. 156 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 10 Certificate Note: You must remove any spaces from the certificates filename before you can import it. Figure 80 Import Local Certificate The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 49 Import Local Certificate LABEL Certificate Name Certificate Copy and paste the certificate into the text box to store it on the ZyXEL DESCRIPTION Type up to 31 ASCII characters (not including spaces) to identify this certificate. Device. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 157 Chapter 10 Certificate Table 49 Import Local Certificate LABEL Private Key Back Apply DESCRIPTION Copy and paste the private key into the text box to store it on the ZyXEL Device. Click Back to return to the previous screen. Click Apply to save the certificate on the ZyXEL Device. 10.3.3 Certificate Details Click Security > Certificates > Local Certificates to open the My Certificates screen (see Figure 77 on page 154). Click the View icon to open the Certificate Details screen. Use this screen to view in-depth certificate information and change the certificates name. 158 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Figure 81 Certificate Details Chapter 10 Certificate P-870HN-51b Users Guide 159 Chapter 10 Certificate The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 50 Certificate Details LABEL Name DESCRIPTION This field displays the identifying name of this certificate. If you want to change the name, type up to 31 characters to identify this certificate. You may use any character (not including spaces). This field displays general information about the certificate. signed means that a Certification Authority signed the certificate. request means this is a certification request. This field displays information that identifies the owner of the certificate, such as Common Name (CN), Organization (O), State (ST) and Country (C). This read-only text box displays the certificate in Privacy Enhanced Mail (PEM) format. PEM uses 64 ASCII characters to convert the binary certificate into a printable form. This displays null in a certification request. You can copy and paste the certificate into an e-mail to send to friends or colleagues or you can copy and paste the certificate into a text editor and save the file on a management computer for later distribution (via floppy disk for example). This read-only text box displays the private key in Privacy Enhanced Mail (PEM) format. PEM uses 64 ASCII characters to convert the binary certificate into a printable form. You can copy and paste the private key into an e-mail to send to friends or colleagues or you can copy and paste the certificate into a text editor and save the file on a management computer for later distribution (via floppy disk for example). This read-only text box displays the request information in Privacy Enhanced Mail (PEM) format. PEM uses 64 ASCII characters to convert the binary certificate into a printable form. This displays null in a signed certificate. Click Back to return to the previous screen. This button is available only in a certification request details screen Click this to import a certificate signed by the CA to replace the request. Type Subject Certificate Private Key Signing Request Back Load Signed Certificate 10.3.4 Load Signed Certificate Click Security > Certificates > Local Certificates and then Load Signed or the Load Signed Certificate button in the Certificate Details screen of a certification request to open the Load Certificate screen. Follow the instructions in this screen to save a valid certificate to replace the request. 160 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Figure 82 Load Certificate Chapter 10 Certificate The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 51 Load Certificate DESCRIPTION LABEL Certificate This field is read-only and displays the identifying name of this certificate. Name Certificate Copy and paste the certificate into the text box to store it on the ZyXEL Back Apply Device. Click Back to return to the previous screen. Click Apply to save the certificate on the ZyXEL Device. 10.4 The Trusted CA Screen Click Advanced Setup > Certificates > Trusted CA to open the following screen. This screen displays a summary list of certificates of the certification authorities that you have set the ZyXEL Device to accept as trusted. The ZyXEL Device accepts any valid certificate signed by a certification authority on this list P-870HN-51b Users Guide 161 Chapter 10 Certificate as being trustworthy; thus you do not need to import any certificate that is signed by one of these certification authorities. Figure 83 Trusted CA The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 52 Trusted CA LABEL Name Subject Type Action DESCRIPTION This field displays the name used to identify this certificate. This field displays information that identifies the owner of the certificate, such as Common Name (CN), OU (Organizational Unit or department), Organization (O), State (ST) and Country (C). It is recommended that each certificate have unique subject information. This field displays general information about the certificate. ca means that a Certification Authority signed the certificate. Click View to open a screen with an in-depth list of information about the certificate. Import Certificate Click Remove to delete the certificate. Click this button to open a screen where you can save the certificate of a certification authority that you trust to the ZyXEL Device. 162 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 10 Certificate 10.4.1 View Trusted CA Certificate Click the View button in the Trusted CA screen to open the following screen. Use this screen to view in-depth information about the certification authoritys certificate. Figure 84 Trusted CA: View The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 53 Trusted CA: View LABEL Name Type DESCRIPTION This field displays the identifying name of this certificate. This field displays general information about the certificate. ca means that a Certification Authority signed the certificate. This field displays information that identifies the owner of the certificate, such as Common Name (CN), Organizational Unit (OU), Organization (O) and Country (C). This read-only text box displays the certificate in Privacy Enhanced Mail (PEM) format. PEM uses 64 ASCII characters to convert the binary certificate into a printable form. You can copy and paste the certificate into an e-mail to send to friends or colleagues or you can copy and paste the certificate into a text editor and save the file on a management computer for later distribution (via floppy disk for example). Click this button to return to the previous screen. Subject Certificate Back P-870HN-51b Users Guide 163 Chapter 10 Certificate 10.4.2 Import Trusted CA Certificate Click the Import Certificate button in the Trusted CA screen to open the following screen. The ZyXEL Device trusts any valid certificate signed by any of the imported trusted CA certificates. Figure 85 Trusted CA: Import Certificate The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 54 Trusted CA: Import Certificate LABEL Certificate Name Enter the name that identifies this certificate. Certificate DESCRIPTION Back Apply Copy and paste the certificate into the text box to store it on the ZyXEL Device. Click this button to return to the previous screen. Click this button to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device. 164 P-870HN-51b Users Guide PART IV Advanced Static Route (167) Policy Forwarding (171) RIP (175) Quality of Service (QoS) (177) Dynamic DNS Setup (191) Remote Management (193) Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) (199) Parental Control (213) Interface Group (217) 165 166 CHAPTER 11 Static Route 11.1 Overview The ZyXEL Device usually uses the default gateway to route outbound traffic from computers on the LAN to the Internet. To have the ZyXEL Device send data to devices not reachable through the default gateway, use static routes. For example, the next figure shows a computer (A) connected to the ZyXEL Devices LAN interface. The ZyXEL Device routes most traffic from A to the Internet through the ZyXEL Devices default gateway (R1). You create one static route to connect to services offered by your ISP behind router R2. You create another static route to communicate with a separate network behind a router R3 connected to the LAN. Figure 86 Example of Static Routing Topology A R3 LAN WAN Internet R1 R2 11.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter The Static Route screens let you view and configure IP static routes on the ZyXEL Device (Section 11.2 on page 168). P-870HN-51b Users Guide 167 Chapter 11 Static Route 11.2 The Static Route Screen Click Advanced > Static Route to open the Static Route screen. Figure 87 Advanced > Static Route The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 55 Advanced > Static Route LABEL

Active DESCRIPTION This is the number of an individual static route. This field indicates whether the rule is active or not. Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Modify Add Apply Clear the check box to disable the rule. Select the check box to enable it. This parameter specifies the IP network address of the final destination. Routing is always based on network number. This parameter specifies the IP network subnet mask of the final destination. This is the IP address of the gateway. The gateway is a router or switch on the same network segment as the device's LAN or WAN port. The gateway helps forward packets to their destinations. This is the WAN interface through which the traffic is routed. Click the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can set up a static route on the ZyXEL Device. Click the Remove icon to remove a static route from the ZyXEL Device. A window displays asking you to confirm that you want to delete the route. Click this to create a new rule. Click this to apply your changes to the ZyXEL Device. 168 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 11 Static Route 11.2.1 Static Route Edit Click the Add button in the Static Route screen. Use this screen to configure the required information for a static route. Figure 88 Static Route: Add The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 56 Static Route: Add LABEL Destination IP Address DESCRIPTION This parameter specifies the IP network address of the final destination. Routing is always based on network number. If you need to specify a route to a single host, use a subnet mask of 255.255.255.255 in the subnet mask field to force the network number to be identical to the host ID. Enter the IP subnet mask here. Select a WAN interface through which the traffic is sent. You must have the WAN interface(s) already configured in the WAN screens. Select this option and enter the IP address of the next-hop gateway. The gateway is a router or switch on the same segment as your ZyXEL Device's interface(s). The gateway helps forward packets to their destinations. Click Back to return to the previous screen without saving. Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device. Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh. IP Subnet Mask Use Interface Use Gateway IP Address Back Apply Cancel P-870HN-51b Users Guide 169 Chapter 11 Static Route 170 P-870HN-51b Users Guide CHAPTER 12 Policy Forwarding 12.1 Overview Traditionally, routing is based on the destination address only and the ZyXEL Device takes the shortest path to forward a packet. Policy forwarding allows the ZyXEL Device to override the default routing behavior and alter the packet forwarding based on the policy defined by the network administrator. Policy-based routing is applied to outgoing packets, prior to the normal routing. You can use source-based policy forwarding to direct traffic from different users through different connections or distribute traffic among multiple paths for load sharing. 12.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter The Policy Forwarding screens let you view and configure routing policies on the ZyXEL Device (Section 12.2 on page 171). 12.2 The Static Route Screen Click Advanced > Policy Forwarding to open the Policy Forwarding screen. Figure 89 Advanced > Policy Forwarding P-870HN-51b Users Guide 171 Chapter 12 Policy Forwarding The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 57 Advanced > Policy Forwarding LABEL Policy Name SourceIP Protocol SourcePort SourceMAC Interface Remove DESCRIPTION This is the name of the rule. This is the source IP address. This is the IP protocol. This is the source port number. This is the source MAC address. This is the WAN interface through which the traffic is routed. Click the icon to remove a rule from the ZyXEL Device. A window displays asking you to confirm that you want to delete the rule. Click this to create a new rule. Add 12.2.1 Policy Forwarding Setup Click the Add button in the Policy Forwarding screen. Use this screen to configure the required information for a policy route. Figure 90 Policy Forwarding: Add The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 58 Policy Forwarding: Add LABEL Policy Name DESCRIPTION Enter a descriptive name of up to 16 printable English keyboard characters, including spaces. Enter the source IP address. Source IP Address Protocol Source Port Use Interface Back Select the IP protocol (TCP or UDP). Enter the source port number. Select a WAN interface through which the traffic is sent. You must have the WAN interface(s) already configured in the WAN screens. Click Back to return to the previous screen without saving. 172 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 12 Policy Forwarding Table 58 Policy Forwarding: Add LABEL Apply Cancel DESCRIPTION Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device. Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 173 Chapter 12 Policy Forwarding 174 P-870HN-51b Users Guide CHAPTER 13 RIP 13.1 Overview Routing Information Protocol (RIP, RFC 1058 and RFC 1389) allows a device to exchange routing information with other routers. 13.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter The RIP screen lets you set up RIP settings on the ZyXEL Device (Section 13.2 on page 175). 13.2 The RIP Screen Click Advanced > RIP to open the RIP screen. Figure 91 Advanced > RIP P-870HN-51b Users Guide 175 Chapter 13 RIP The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 59 Advanced > RIP LABEL Interface Version Operation DESCRIPTION This is the name of the interface in which the RIP setting is used. The RIP version controls the format and the broadcasting method of the RIP packets that the ZyXEL Device sends (it recognizes both formats when receiving). RIP version 1 is universally supported but RIP version 2 carries more information. RIP version 1 is probably adequate for most networks, unless you have an unusual network topology. Select Passive to have the ZyXEL Device update the routing table based on the RIP packets received from neighbors but not advertise its route information to other routers in this interface. Select Active to have the ZyXEL Device advertise its route information and also listen for routing updates from neighboring routers. Select the check box to activate the settings. Click Apply/Save to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device. Enabled Apply/Save 176 P-870HN-51b Users Guide CHAPTER 14 Quality of Service (QoS) 14.1 Overview Quality of Service (QoS) refers to both a networks ability to deliver data with minimum delay, and the networking methods used to control the use of bandwidth. Without QoS, all traffic data is equally likely to be dropped when the network is congested. This can cause a reduction in network performance and make the network inadequate for time-critical application such as video-on-

demand. Configure QoS on the ZyXEL Device to group and prioritize application traffic and fine-tune network performance. Setting up QoS involves these steps:

1 Configure classifiers to sort traffic into different flows. 2 Assign priority and define actions to be performed for a classified traffic flow. The ZyXEL Device assigns each packet a priority and then queues the packet accordingly. Packets assigned a high priority are processed more quickly than those with low priority if there is congestion, allowing time-sensitive applications to flow more smoothly. Time-sensitive applications include both those that require a low level of latency (delay) and a low level of jitter (variations in delay) such as Voice over IP (VoIP) or Internet gaming, and those for which jitter alone is a problem such as Internet radio or streaming video. This chapter contains information about configuring QoS and editing classifiers. 14.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter The General screen lets you lets you enable or disable QoS and set the default DSCP value for incoming traffic does not match a class (Section 14.3 on page 178). The Queue Setup screen lets you lets you configure QoS queue assignment

(Section 14.4 on page 180). The Class Setup screen lets you add, edit or delete QoS classifiers (Section 14.5 on page 182). P-870HN-51b Users Guide 177 Chapter 14 Quality of Service (QoS) The Monitor screen lets you view the ZyXEL Device's QoS-related packet statistics (Section 14.6 on page 188). 14.2 What You Need to Know The following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter. QoS versus Cos QoS is used to prioritize source-to-destination traffic flows. All packets in the same flow are given the same priority. CoS (class of service) is a way of managing traffic in a network by grouping similar types of traffic together and treating each type as a class. You can use CoS to give different priorities to different packet types. CoS technologies include IEEE 802.1p layer 2 tagging and DiffServ (Differentiated Services or DS). IEEE 802.1p tagging makes use of three bits in the packet header, while DiffServ is a new protocol and defines a new DS field, which replaces the eight-bit ToS (Type of Service) field in the IP header. Tagging and Marking In a QoS class, you can configure whether to add or change the DSCP (DiffServ Code Point) value, IEEE 802.1p priority level and VLAN ID number in a matched packet. When the packet passes through a compatible network, the networking device, such as a backbone switch, can provide specific treatment or service based on the tag or marker. 14.3 The Quality of Service General Screen Click Advanced Setup > Quality of Service to open the screen as shown next. 178 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 14 Quality of Service (QoS) Use this screen to enable or disable QoS and set the default DSCP value for incoming traffic does not match a class. See Section 14.1 on page 177 for more information. Figure 92 QoS General The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 60 QoS General LABEL Active QoS DESCRIPTION Select the check box to turn on QoS to improve your network performance. Enter the amount of upstream bandwidth for the WAN interface that you want to allocate using QoS. The recommendation is to set this speed to match the interfaces actual transmission speed. For example, set the WAN interface speed to 100000 kbps if your Internet connection has an upstream transmission speed of 100 Mbps. You can set this number higher than the interfaces actual transmission speed. The ZyXEL Device uses up to 95% of the DSL ports actual upstream transmission speed even if you set this number higher than the DSL ports actual transmission speed. You can also set this number lower than the interfaces actual transmission speed. This will cause the ZyXEL Device to not use some of the interfaces available bandwidth. If you leave this field blank, the ZyXEL Device automatically sets this number to be 95% of the DSL ports actual upstream transmission speed. Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device. Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh. WAN Managed Upstream Bandwidth Apply Cancel P-870HN-51b Users Guide 179 Chapter 14 Quality of Service (QoS) 14.4 The Queue Setup Screen Click QoS > Queue Setup to open the screen as shown next. Use this screen to configure QoS queue assignment. Figure 93 QoS Queue Setup The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 61 QoS Queue Setup DESCRIPTION LABEL Click this button to create a new entry. Add No. This is the index number of this entry. Select the check box to enable the queue. Active This shows the descriptive name of this queue. Name Interface This shows the name of the ZyXEL Devices interface through which traffic in this queue passes. This shows the priority of this queue. This shows the weight of this queue. This shows the queue management algorithm used by the ZyXEL Device. This shows the maximum transmission rate allowed for traffic on this queue. Click the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can edit the queue. Click the Remove icon to delete an existing queue. Note that subsequent rules move up by one when you take this action. Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device. Priority Weight Buffer Management Rate Limit Modify Apply 180 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 14 Quality of Service (QoS) 14.4.1 Adding a QoS Queue Click the Add button or the edit icon in the Queue Setup screen to configure a queue. Figure 94 QoS Queue Setup: Add The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 62 QoS Queue Setup: Add LABEL Active Name Interface Priority DESCRIPTION Select to enable or disable this queue. Enter the descriptive name of this queue. Select the interface to which this queue is applied. Select the priority level (from 1 to 3) of this queue. The smaller the number, the higher the priority level. Traffic assigned to higher priority queues gets through faster while traffic in lower priority queues is dropped if the network is congested. Select the weight (from 1 to 8) of this queue. If two queues have the same priority level, the ZyXEL Device divides the bandwidth across the queues according to their weights. Queues with larger weights get more bandwidth than queues with smaller weights. This field displays Drop Tail (DT) and the ZyXEL Device drops the newly arriving packet when the queue is full. Specify the maximum transmission rate (in Kbps) allowed for traffic on this queue. Click Back to return to the previous screen without saving. Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device. Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh. Weight Buffer Management Rate Limit Back Apply Cancel P-870HN-51b Users Guide 181 Chapter 14 Quality of Service (QoS) 14.5 The Class Setup Screen Use this screen to add, edit or delete QoS classifiers. A classifier groups traffic into data flows according to specific criteria such as the source address, destination address, source port number, destination port number or incoming interface. For example, you can configure a classifier to select traffic from the same protocol port (such as Telnet) to form a flow. You can give different priorities to traffic that the ZyXEL Device forwards out through the WAN interface. Give high priority to voice and video to make them run more smoothly. Similarly, give low priority to many large file downloads so that they do not reduce the quality of other applications. Click QoS > Class Setup to open the following screen. Figure 95 QoS Class Setup The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 63 QoS Class Setup LABEL Add Order Active Class Name Classification Criteria Forward To DSCP Mark 802.1P Mark DESCRIPTION Click this button to create a new classifier. This field displays the index number of the classifier. Select the check box to enable the classifier. This is the name of the classifier. This shows criteria specified in this classifier, for example the interface from which traffic of this class should come and the source MAC address of traffic that matches this classifier. This is the interface through which traffic that matches this classifier is forwarded out. This is the DSCP number added to traffic of this classifier. This is the IEEE 802.1p priority level assigned to traffic of this classifier. 182 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 14 Quality of Service (QoS) Table 63 QoS Class Setup (continued) LABEL VLAN ID Tag To Queue Modify DESCRIPTION This is the VLAN ID number assigned to traffic of this classifier. This is the name of the queue in which traffic of this classifier is put. Click the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can edit the classifier. Apply Click the Remove icon to delete an existing classifier. Note that subsequent rules move up by one when you take this action. Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 183 Chapter 14 Quality of Service (QoS) 14.5.1 QoS Class Edit Click the Add button or the Edit icon in the Class Setup screen to configure a classifier. Figure 96 QoS Class Setup: Add 184 P-870HN-51b Users Guide The following table describes the labels in this screen. Chapter 14 Quality of Service (QoS) DESCRIPTION Table 64 QoS Class Configuration LABEL Class Configuration Active Class Name Classification Order Forward to Interface DSCP Mark 802.1p Mark VLAN ID Tag To Queue Select to enable or disable this classifier. Enter a descriptive name of up to 20 printable English keyboard characters, including spaces. Select an existing number for where you want to put this classifier to move the classifier to the number you selected after clicking Apply. Select Last to put this rule in the back of the classifier list. Select a WAN interface through which traffic of this class will be forwarded out. If you select Unchange, the ZyXEL Device forward traffic of this class according to the default routing table. This field is available only when you select the Ether Type check box. If you select Mark, enter a DSCP value with which the ZyXEL Device replaces the DSCP field in the packets. If you select Auto Mapping and there is a VLAN tag carried in the matched packets, the ZyXEL Device will replace the IP ToS field with the 802.1p priority field. If you select Unchange, the ZyXEL Device keep the DSCP field in the packets. Select a priority level with which the ZyXEL Device replaces the IEEE 802.1p priority field in the packets. If you select Unchange, the ZyXEL Device keep the 802.1p priority field in the packets. If you select Remark, enter a VLAN ID number (between 1 and 4095) with which the ZyXEL Device replaces the VLAN ID of the frames. If you select Remove, the ZyXEL Device deletes the VLAN ID of the frames before forwarding them out. If you select Add, the ZyXEL Device treat all matched traffic untagged and add a second VLAN ID. If you select Unchange, the ZyXEL Device keep the VLAN ID in the packets. Select a queue that applies to this class. You should have configured a queue in the Queue Setup screen already. Criteria Configuration Use the following fields to configure the criteria for traffic classification. Basic From Interface Select from which Ethernet port or wireless interface traffic of this class should come. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 185 Chapter 14 Quality of Service (QoS) Table 64 QoS Class Configuration (continued) LABEL Ether Type DESCRIPTION Select a predefined application to configure a class for the matched traffic. If you select IP, you also need to configure source or destination MAC address, IP address, DHCP options, DSCP value or the protocol type. If you select 8021Q, you can configure an 802.1p priority level and VLAN ID in the Others section. Source MAC Address MAC Mask Select the check box and enter the source MAC address of the packet. Type the mask for the specified MAC address to determine which bits a packets MAC address should match. Enter f for each bit of the specified source MAC address that the traffics MAC address should match. Enter 0 for the bit(s) of the matched traffics MAC address, which can be of any hexadecimal character(s). For example, if you set the MAC address to 00:13:49:00:00:00 and the mask to ff:ff:ff:00:00:00, a packet with a MAC address of 00:13:49:12:34:56 matches this criteria. Select the check box and enter the source IP address in dotted decimal notation. A blank source IP address means any source IP address. Enter the source subnet mask. If you select TCP or UDP in the IP Protocol field, select the check box and enter the port number(s) of the source. Select this option to exclude the packets that match the specified criteria from this classifier. Select the check box and enter the destination MAC address of the packet. Type the mask for the specified MAC address to determine which bits a packets MAC address should match. Enter f for each bit of the specified source MAC address that the traffics MAC address should match. Enter 0 for the bit(s) of the matched traffics MAC address, which can be of any hexadecimal character(s). For example, if you set the MAC address to 00:13:49:00:00:00 and the mask to ff:ff:ff:00:00:00, a packet with a MAC address of 00:13:49:12:34:56 matches this criteria. Select the check box and enter the destination IP address in dotted decimal notation. A blank source IP address means any source IP address. Enter the destination subnet mask. If you select TCP or UDP in the IP Protocol field, select the check box and enter the port number(s) of the source. Select this option to exclude the packets that match the specified criteria from this classifier. IP Address IP Subnet Mask TCP/UDP Port Range Exclude Destination MAC Address MAC Mask IP Address IP Subnet Mask TCP/UDP Port Range Exclude Others 186 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 14 Quality of Service (QoS) Table 64 QoS Class Configuration (continued) LABEL 802.1P DESCRIPTION This field is available only when you select 802.1Q in the Ether Type field. Select this option and select a priority level (between 0 and 7) from the drop down list box. VLAN ID

"0" is the lowest priority level and "7" is the highest. This field is available only when you select 802.1Q in the Ether Type field. IP Protocol Select this option and specify a VLAN ID number between 1 and 4095. This field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field. Select this option and select the protocol (service type) from TCP, UDP, ICMP or IGMP. If you select User defined, enter the protocol

(service type) number. This field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field. Select this option and enter the minimum and maximum packet length (from 28 to 1500) in the fields provided. This field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field. Select this option and specify a DSCP (DiffServ Code Point) number between 0 and 63 in the field provided. This field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field. If you select this option, the matched TCP packets must contain the ACK (Acknowledge) flag. This field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field. Select this option and select a DHCP option. If you select Vendor Class ID (DHCP Option 60), enter the Vendor Class Identifier (Option 60) of the matched traffic, such as the type of the hardware or firmware. If you select User Class ID (DHCP Option 77), enter a string that identifies the users category or application type in the matched DHCP packets. Select this option to exclude the packets that match the specified criteria from this classifier. Click Back to return to the previous screen without saving. Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device. Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh. IP Packet Length DSCP TCP ACK DHCP Exclude Back Apply Cancel P-870HN-51b Users Guide 187 Chapter 14 Quality of Service (QoS) 14.6 The QoS Monitor Screen To view the ZyXEL Devices QoS packet statistics, click Advanced > QoS >

Monitor. The screen appears as shown. Figure 97 QoS > Monitor The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 65 QoS > Monitor LABEL Refresh Interval DESCRIPTION Enter how often you want the ZyXEL Device to update this screen. Select No Refresh to stop refreshing statistics. Interface Monitor No. Name Pass Drop Queue Monitor No. Name Pass Drop This is the index number of the entry. This shows the name of the WAN interface on the ZyXEL Device. This shows how many packets forwarded to this interface are transmitted successfully. This shows how many packets forwarded to this interface are dropped. This is the index number of the entry. This shows the name of the queue. This shows how many packets assigned to this queue are transmitted successfully. This shows how many packets assigned to this queue are dropped. 188 P-870HN-51b Users Guide 14.7 Technical Reference Chapter 14 Quality of Service (QoS) The following section contains additional technical information about the ZyXEL Device features described in this chapter. IEEE 802.1Q Tag The IEEE 802.1Q standard defines an explicit VLAN tag in the MAC header to identify the VLAN membership of a frame across bridges. A VLAN tag includes the 12-bit VLAN ID and 3-bit user priority. The VLAN ID associates a frame with a specific VLAN and provides the information that devices need to process the frame across the network. IEEE 802.1p specifies the user priority field and defines up to eight separate traffic types. The following table describes the traffic types defined in the IEEE 802.1d standard (which incorporates the 802.1p). Table 66 IEEE 802.1p Priority Level and Traffic Type PRIORITY LEVEL Level 7 TRAFFIC TYPE Typically used for network control traffic such as router configuration messages. Typically used for voice traffic that is especially sensitive to jitter (jitter is the variations in delay). Typically used for video that consumes high bandwidth and is sensitive to jitter. Typically used for controlled load, latency-sensitive traffic such as SNA

(Systems Network Architecture) transactions. Typically used for excellent effort or better than best effort and would include important business traffic that can tolerate some delay. This is for spare bandwidth. This is typically used for non-critical background traffic such as bulk transfers that are allowed but that should not affect other applications and users. Typically used for best-effort traffic. Level 6 Level 5 Level 4 Level 3 Level 2 Level 1 Level 0 DiffServ QoS is used to prioritize source-to-destination traffic flows. All packets in the flow are given the same priority. You can use CoS (class of service) to give different priorities to different packet types. DiffServ (Differentiated Services) is a class of service (CoS) model that marks packets so that they receive specific per-hop treatment at DiffServ-compliant network devices along the route based on the application types and traffic flow. Packets are marked with DiffServ Code Points (DSCPs) indicating the level of P-870HN-51b Users Guide 189 Chapter 14 Quality of Service (QoS) service desired. This allows the intermediary DiffServ-compliant network devices to handle the packets differently depending on the code points without the need to negotiate paths or remember state information for every flow. In addition, applications do not have to request a particular service or give advanced notice of where the traffic is going. DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior DiffServ defines a new Differentiated Services (DS) field to replace the Type of Service (TOS) field in the IP header. The DS field contains a 2-bit unused field and a 6-bit DSCP field which can define up to 64 service levels. The following figure illustrates the DS field. DSCP is backward compatible with the three precedence bits in the ToS octet so that non-DiffServ compliant, ToS-enabled network device will not conflict with the DSCP mapping. DSCP (6 bits) Unused (2 bits) The DSCP value determines the forwarding behavior, the PHB (Per-Hop Behavior), that each packet gets across the DiffServ network. Based on the marking rule, different kinds of traffic can be marked for different kinds of forwarding. Resources can then be allocated according to the DSCP values and the configured policies. 190 P-870HN-51b Users Guide CHAPTER 15 Dynamic DNS Setup 15.1 Overview Dynamic DNS allows you to update your current dynamic IP address with one or many dynamic DNS services so that anyone can contact you (in NetMeeting, CU-

SeeMe, etc.). You can also access your FTP server or Web site on your own computer using a domain name (for instance myhost.dhs.org, where myhost is a name of your choice) that will never change instead of using an IP address that changes each time you reconnect. Your friends or relatives will always be able to call you even if they don't know your IP address. First of all, you need to have registered a dynamic DNS account with www.dyndns.org. This is for people with a dynamic IP from their ISP or DHCP server that would still like to have a domain name. The Dynamic DNS service provider will give you a password or key. 15.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter Use the Dynamic DNS screen (Section 15.3 on page 192) to enable DDNS and configure the DDNS settings on the ZyXEL Device. 15.2 What You Need To Know DYNDNS Wildcard Enabling the wildcard feature for your host causes *.yourhost.dyndns.org to be aliased to the same IP address as yourhost.dyndns.org. This feature is useful if you want to be able to use, for example, www.yourhost.dyndns.org and still reach your hostname. If you have a private WAN IP address, then you cannot use Dynamic DNS. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 191 Chapter 15 Dynamic DNS Setup 15.3 The Dynamic DNS Screen To change your ZyXEL Devices DDNS, click Advanced > Dynamic DNS. The screen appears as shown. Figure 98 Advanced > Dynamic DNS The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 67 Advanced > Dynamic DNS LABEL Service Provider Host Name DESCRIPTION Select the name of your Dynamic DNS service provider. Type the domain name assigned to your ZyXEL Device by your Dynamic DNS provider. You can specify up to two host names in the field separated by a comma

(","). Select the WAN interface to use for updating the IP address of the domain name. Type your user name. Type the password assigned to you. If you select TZO in the Service Provider field, enter the user name you used to register for this service. If you select TZO in the Service Provider field, enter the password you used to register for this service. Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device. Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh. Interface User Name Password Email Key Apply Cancel 192 P-870HN-51b Users Guide CHAPTER 16 Remote Management 16.1 Overview This chapter explains how to configure the TR-069 settings and access control settings on the ZyXEL Device. 16.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter The TR-069 screen lets you configure the ZyXEL Devices TR-069 auto-

configuration settings (Section 16.3 on page 195). The TR-064 screen lets you enable management via TR-064 on the ZyXEL Device (Section 16.3 on page 195) The Service Control screens let you configure through which interface(s) users can use which service(s) to manage the ZyXEL Device (Section 16.4 on page 196). The IP Address screens let you configure from which IP address(es) users can use a service to manage the ZyXEL Device (Section 16.5 on page 197). 16.2 The TR-069 Screen TR-069 defines how Customer Premise Equipment (CPE), for example your ZyXEL Device, can be managed over the WAN by an Auto Configuration Server (ACS). TR-069 is based on sending Remote Procedure Calls (RPCs) between an ACS and a client device. RPCs are sent in Extensible Markup Language (XML) format over HTTP or HTTPS. An administrator can use an ACS to remotely set up the ZyXEL Device, modify settings, perform firmware upgrades as well as monitor and diagnose the ZyXEL Device. You have enable the device to be managed by the ACS and specify the ACS IP address or domain name and username and password. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 193 Chapter 16 Remote Management Click Advanced > Remote MGMT to open the following screen. Use this screen to configure your P-870HN to be managed by an ACS. Figure 99 TR-069 The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 68 TR-069 LABEL Inform Inform Interval ACS URL ACS User Name ACS Password WAN Interface used by TR-069 client Display SOAP messages on serial console Connection Request Authentication Connection Request User Name DESCRIPTION Select Enable to activate remote management via TR-069 on the WAN. Otherwise, select Disable. Enter the time interval (in seconds) at which the ZyXEL Device sends information to the auto-configuration server. Enter the URL or IP address of the auto-configuration server. Enter the TR-069 user name for authentication with the auto-

configuration server. Enter the TR-069 password for authentication with the auto-

configuration server. Select a WAN interface through which the TR-069 traffic passes. Select Enable to show the SOAP messages on the console. Select this option to enable authentication when there is a connection request from the ACS. Enter the connection request user name. When the ACS makes a connection request to the ZyXEL Device, this user name is used to authenticate the ACS. 194 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 16 Remote Management Table 68 TR-069 (continued) LABEL Connection Request Password DESCRIPTION Enter the connection request password. Connection Request URL Apply/Save Cancel When the ACS makes a connection request to the ZyXEL Device, this password is used to authenticate the ACS. This shows the connection request URL. The ACS can use this URL to make a connection request to the ZyXEL Device. Click this button to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device. Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh. 16.3 The TR-064 Screen TR-064 is a LAN-Side DSL CPE Configuration protocol defined by the DSL Forum. TR-064 is built on top of UPnP. It allows the users to use a TR-064 compliant CPE management application on the their computers from the LAN to discover the CPE and configure user-specific parameters, such as the username and password. Click Advanced > Remote MGMT > TR064 to open the following screen. Figure 100 TR-064 The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 69 TR-064 LABEL Enanble TR064 Apply DESCRIPTION Select the check box to activate management via TR-064 on the LAN. Click this button to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 195 Chapter 16 Remote Management 16.4 The Service Control Screen Click Advanced > Remote MGMT > Service Control to open the following screen. Use this screen to decide what services you may use to access which ZyXEL Device interface. Figure 101 Service Control The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 70 Access Control: Services LABEL Service Control

Services LAN DESCRIPTION Select Enable to turn on service control. Otherwise, select Disable. This is the index number of the entry. This is the service you may use to access the ZyXEL Device. Select the Enable check box for the corresponding services that you want to allow access to the ZyXEL Device from the LAN. Select the Enable check box for the corresponding services that you want to allow access to the ZyXEL Device from the WAN. Click this button to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device. WAN Apply 196 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 16 Remote Management 16.5 The IP Address Screen Click Advanced > Remote MGMT > IP Address to open the following screen. Use this screen to specify the trusted computers from which an administrator may use a service to manage the ZyXEL Device. Figure 102 IP Address The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 71 IP Address LABEL Access Control Mode IP Address Remove Add Remove DESCRIPTION Select Enable to activate the secured client list. Select Disable to disable the list without deleting it. This is the IP address of the trusted computer from which you can manage the ZyXEL Device. Select this check box and click the Remove button to delete this entry from the ZyXEL Device. Click this button to create a new entry. Click this button to delete the selected entry. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 197 Chapter 16 Remote Management 16.5.1 Adding an IP Address Click the Add button in the IP Address screen to open the following screen. Figure 103 IP Address: Add The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 72 IP Address: Add LABEL IP Address Apply/Save Back DESCRIPTION Enter the IP address of the trusted computer from which you can manage the ZyXEL Device. Click this button to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device. Click this button to return to the previous screen without saving. 198 P-870HN-51b Users Guide 17 CHAPTER Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 17.1 Overview Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) is a distributed, open networking standard that uses TCP/IP for simple peer-to-peer network connectivity between devices. A UPnP device can dynamically join a network, obtain an IP address, convey its capabilities and learn about other devices on the network. In turn, a device can leave a network smoothly and automatically when it is no longer in use. 17.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter The UPnP screen lets you enable UPnP on the ZyXEL Device (Section 17.3 on page 200). 17.2 What You Need to Know How do I know if I'm using UPnP?

UPnP hardware is identified as an icon in the Network Connections folder

(Windows XP). Each UPnP compatible device installed on your network will appear as a separate icon. Selecting the icon of a UPnP device will allow you to access the information and properties of that device. NAT Traversal UPnP NAT traversal automates the process of allowing an application to operate through NAT. UPnP network devices can automatically configure network addressing, announce their presence in the network to other UPnP devices and enable exchange of simple product and service descriptions. NAT traversal allows the following:

Dynamic port mapping Learning public IP addresses Assigning lease times to mappings P-870HN-51b Users Guide 199 Chapter 17 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) Windows Messenger is an example of an application that supports NAT traversal and UPnP. See the NAT chapter for more information on NAT. Cautions with UPnP The automated nature of NAT traversal applications in establishing their own services and opening firewall ports may present network security issues. Network information and configuration may also be obtained and modified by users in some network environments. When a UPnP device joins a network, it announces its presence with a multicast message. For security reasons, the ZyXEL Device allows multicast messages on the LAN only. All UPnP-enabled devices may communicate freely with each other without additional configuration. Disable UPnP if this is not your intention. UPnP and ZyXEL ZyXEL has achieved UPnP certification from the Universal Plug and Play Forum UPnP Implementers Corp. (UIC). ZyXEL's UPnP implementation supports Internet Gateway Device (IGD) 1.0. See the following sections for examples of installing and using UPnP. 17.3 The UPnP Screen Click Advanced > UPnP to display the screen shown next. See Section 17.1 on page 199 for more information. Figure 104 Advanced > UPnP 200 P-870HN-51b Users Guide

Chapter 17 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 73 Advanced > UPnP LABEL Activate Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) Feature Apply/Save Cancel DESCRIPTION Select this check box to enable UPnP. Be aware that anyone could use a UPnP application to open the web configurator's login screen without entering the ZyXEL Device's IP address

(although you must still enter the password to access the web configurator). Click this to save the setting to the ZyXEL Device. Click this to return to the previously saved settings. 17.4 Installing UPnP in Windows Example This section shows how to install UPnP in Windows Me and Windows XP. Installing UPnP in Windows Me Follow the steps below to install the UPnP in Windows Me. 1 Click Start and Control Panel. Double-click Add/Remove Programs. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 201 Chapter 17 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 2 Click on the Windows Setup tab and select Communication in the Components selection box. Click Details. Figure 105 Add/Remove Programs: Windows Setup: Communication 3 In the Communications window, select the Universal Plug and Play check box in the Components selection box. Figure 106 Add/Remove Programs: Windows Setup: Communication: Components 202 P-870HN-51b Users Guide 4 Click OK to go back to the Add/Remove Programs Properties window and click Chapter 17 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) Next. 5 Restart the computer when prompted. Installing UPnP in Windows XP Follow the steps below to install the UPnP in Windows XP. 1 Click Start and Control Panel. 2 Double-click Network Connections. 3 In the Network Connections window, click Advanced in the main menu and select Optional Networking Components . Figure 107 Network Connections P-870HN-51b Users Guide 203 Chapter 17 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 4 The Windows Optional Networking Components Wizard window displays. Select Networking Service in the Components selection box and click Details. Figure 108 Windows Optional Networking Components Wizard 204 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 17 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 5 In the Networking Services window, select the Universal Plug and Play check box. Figure 109 Networking Services 6 Click OK to go back to the Windows Optional Networking Component Wizard window and click Next. 17.5 Using UPnP in Windows XP Example This section shows you how to use the UPnP feature in Windows XP. You must already have UPnP installed in Windows XP and UPnP activated on the ZyXEL Device. Make sure the computer is connected to a LAN port of the ZyXEL Device. Turn on your computer and the ZyXEL Device. Auto-discover Your UPnP-enabled Network Device 1 Click Start and Control Panel. Double-click Network Connections. An icon displays under Internet Gateway. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 205 Chapter 17 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 2 Right-click the icon and select Properties. Figure 110 Network Connections 206 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 17 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 3 In the Internet Connection Properties window, click Settings to see the port mappings there were automatically created. Figure 111 Internet Connection Properties P-870HN-51b Users Guide 207 Chapter 17 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 4 You may edit or delete the port mappings or click Add to manually add port mappings. Figure 112 Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings Figure 113 Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings: Add 5 When the UPnP-enabled device is disconnected from your computer, all port mappings will be deleted automatically. 208 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 17 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 6 Select Show icon in notification area when connected option and click OK. An icon displays in the system tray. Figure 114 System Tray Icon 7 Double-click on the icon to display your current Internet connection status. Figure 115 Internet Connection Status Web Configurator Easy Access With UPnP, you can access the web-based configurator on the ZyXEL Device without finding out the IP address of the ZyXEL Device first. This comes helpful if you do not know the IP address of the ZyXEL Device. Follow the steps below to access the web configurator. 1 Click Start and then Control Panel. 2 Double-click Network Connections. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 209 Chapter 17 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 3 Select My Network Places under Other Places. Figure 116 Network Connections 4 An icon with the description for each UPnP-enabled device displays under Local Network. 210 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 17 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 5 Right-click on the icon for your ZyXEL Device and select Invoke. The web configurator login screen displays. Figure 117 Network Connections: My Network Places 6 Right-click on the icon for your ZyXEL Device and select Properties. A properties window displays with basic information about the ZyXEL Device. Figure 118 Network Connections: My Network Places: Properties: Example P-870HN-51b Users Guide 211 Chapter 17 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 212 P-870HN-51b Users Guide CHAPTER 18 Parental Control 18.1 Overview Parental control allows you to block web sites with the specific URL. You can also define time periods and days during which the ZyXEL Device performs parental control on a specific user. 18.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter The Time Restriction screen lets you give different time restrictions to each user of your network (Section 18.2 on page 213). The URL Filter screen lets you restrict home network users from viewing inappropriate websites (Section 18.3 on page 215). 18.2 The Time Restriction Screen Use this screen to view the schedules and enable parental control on a specific user during certain periods. Click Advanced Setup > Parental Control to open the following screen. Figure 119 Parental Control > Time restriction P-870HN-51b Users Guide 213 Chapter 18 Parental Control The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 74 Parental Control > Time Restriction LABEL

Active username MAC DESCRIPTION This shows the index number of the schedule. Select the check box to enable the schedule. This shows the name of the user. This shows the MAC address of the LAN users computer to which this schedule applies. x indicates the day(s) on which parental control is enabled. This shows the time when the schedule starts. This shows the time when the schedule ends. Click the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can edit the schedule. Click the Remove icon to delete an existing schedule. Click Add to create a new schedule. Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device. Mon ~ Sun Start Stop Modify Add Apply 18.2.1 Adding a Schedule Click the Add button in the Time Restriction screen to open the following screen. Use this screen to configure a restricted access schedule for a specific user on your network. Figure 120 Time Restriction Configuration 214 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 18 Parental Control The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 75 Time Restriction Configuration LABEL User Name MAC Address DESCRIPTION Enter the name of the user. Enter the MAC address of the LAN users computer to which this schedule applies. Days of the week Select check boxes for the days that you want the ZyXEL Device to Start Blocking Time End Blocking Time Back Save/Apply perform parental control. Enter the time period of each day, in 24-hour format, during which parental control will be enforced. Click this button to return to the previous screen without saving any changes. Click this button to save your settings back to the ZyXEL Device. 18.3 The URL Filter Screen Use this screen to configure URL filtering settings to allow or block the users on your network from accessing certain web sites. Click Advanced Setup > Parental Control > URL Filter to open the following screen. Figure 121 Parental Control > URL Filter P-870HN-51b Users Guide 215 Chapter 18 Parental Control The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 76 Parental Control > URL Filter LABEL Active URL Filter Select the check box to enable URL filtering on the ZyXEL Device. URL List Type If you select Block, the ZyXEL Device prohibits the users from viewing the Web sites with the URLs listed below. DESCRIPTION

Active Address Port Modify Add Apply If you select Access Only, the ZyXEL Device blocks access to all URLs except ones listed below. This is the index number of the rule. Select the check box to enable the filtering rule. This is the URL of the web site in this rule. This is the port number the web server uses to forward HTTP traffic. Click the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can edit the rule. Click the Remove icon to delete an existing rule. Click Add to create a new rule. Click this button to save your settings back to the ZyXEL Device. 18.3.1 Adding URL Filter Click the Add button in the URL Filter screen to open the following screen. Figure 122 URL Filter Configuration The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 77 URL Filter Configuration LABEL URL Address DESCRIPTION Enter the URL of web site to which the ZyXEL Device blocks or allows access. Specify the port number the web server uses to forward HTTP traffic. Click this button to return to the previous screen without saving any changes. Click this button to save your settings back to the ZyXEL Device. Port Number Back Save/Apply 216 P-870HN-51b Users Guide CHAPTER 19 Interface Group 19.1 Overview By default, all LAN and WAN interfaces on the ZyXEL Device are in the same group and can communicate with each other. You can create multiple groups to have the ZyXEL Device assign the IP addresses in different domains to different groups. Each group acts as an independent network on the ZyXEL Device. 19.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter The Interface Group screen lets you create multiple networks on the ZyXEL Device (Section 19.2 on page 217). 19.2 The Interface Group Screen You can manually add a LAN interface to a new group. Alternatively, you can have the ZyXEL Device automatically add the incoming traffic and the LAN interface on which traffic is received to the new group when its source MAC address or DHCP option information matches the predefined filtering criteria. Use the LAN screen to configure the private IP addresses the DHCP server on the ZyXEL Device assigns to the clients in the default and/or user-defined groups. If you set the ZyXEL Device to assign IP addresses based on the clients source MAC address or DHCP option information, you must enable DHCP server and configure LAN TCP/IP settings for both the default and user-defined groups. See Chapter 6 on page 93 for more information. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 217 Chapter 19 Interface Group In the following example, the client that sends packets with the source MAC address 00:19:cb:01:23:45 is assigned the IP address 192.168.2.2 and uses the WAN interface ptm0_2. Figure 123 Interface Grouping Application Default: ETH 2~4 192.168.1.x/24 ptm0_1 ptm0_2 Internet 192.168.2.x/24 G2: 00:19:cb:01:23:45 Click Advanced Setup > Interface Group to open the following screen. Figure 124 Interface Group The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 78 Interface Grouping LABEL

Group Name WAN Interface LAN Interfaces Criteria DESCRIPTION This shows the index number of the entry. This shows the descriptive name of the group. This shows the WAN interfaces in the group. This shows the LAN interfaces in the group. This shows the filtering criteria for the group. 218 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 19 Interface Group Table 78 Interface Grouping (continued) LABEL Remove Add DESCRIPTION Click the Remove icon to delete the group. Click this button to create a new group. 19.2.1 Interface Group Configuration Click the Add button in the Interface Group screen to open the following screen. Use this screen to create a new interface group. Note: An interface can belong to a group only. Figure 125 Interface Group Configuration P-870HN-51b Users Guide 219 Chapter 19 Interface Group The following table describes the fields in this screen. DESCRIPTION Enter a name to identify this group. Select a WAN interface to be used in this group. Table 79 Interface Group Configuration LABEL Group Name WAN Interface used in the grouping Grouped LAN Interfaces Select No Interface/None to not add a WAN interface to this group. Select a LAN or wireless LAN interface in the Available LAN Interfaces and use the left-facing arrow to move it to the Grouped LAN Interfaces to add the interface to this group. Available LAN Interfaces

Filter Criteria Remove Add Back Apply To remove a LAN or wireless LAN interface from the Grouped LAN Interfaces, use the right-facing arrow. This shows the index number of the rule. This shows the filtering criteria. The LAN interface on which the matched traffic is received will belong to this group automatically. Click the Remove icon to delete this rule from the ZyXEL Device. Click this button to create a new rule. Click this button to return to the previous screen without saving any changes. Click this button to save your settings back to the ZyXEL Device. 19.2.2 Interface Grouping Criteria Click the Add button in the Interface Grouping Configuration screen to open the following screen. Figure 126 Interface Grouping Criteria 220 P-870HN-51b Users Guide The following table describes the fields in this screen. Chapter 19 Interface Group Table 80 Interface Grouping Criteria LABEL Source MAC Address DHCP Option 60 DESCRIPTION Enter the source MAC address of the packet. DHCP Option 61 IAID DUID Type Select this option and enter the Vendor Class Identifier (Option 60) of the matched traffic, such as the type of the hardware or firmware. Select this and enter the device identity of the matched traffic. Enter the Identity Association Identifier (IAID) of the device, for example, the WAN connection index number. Select DUID-LLT (DUID Based on Link-layer Address Plus Time) to enter the hardware type, a time value and the MAC address of the device. Select DUID-EN (DUID Assigned by Vendor Based upon Enterprise Number) to enter the vendors registered enterprise number. Select DUID-LL (DUID Based on Link-layer Address) to enter the devices hardware type and hardware address (MAC address) in the following fields. Select Other to enter any string that identifies the device in the DUID field. Enter the 16-bit hardware type of the device from which the traffic comes. For example, Ethernet is 1 and Experimental Ethernet is 2. Enter the time (in seconds since midnight (UTC), January 1, 2000) the DUID is generated. Enter the MAC address of the device. Enter the vendors 32-bit enterprise number registered with the IANA

(Internet Assigned Numbers Authority). Enter a unique identifier assigned by the vendor. Enter the DHCP Unique Identifier (DUID) of the device. Hardware type Time Link-layer address Enterprise number Identifier DUID DHCP Option 125 Select this and enter vendor specific information of the matched traffic. Enter the vendors 32-bit enterprise number registered with the IANA

(Internet Assigned Numbers Authority). Specify the vendors OUI (Organization Unique Identifier). It is usually the first three bytes of the MAC address. Enter the product class of the device. Enter the model name of the device. Enter the serial number of the device. Enterprise number Manufacturer OUI Product Class Model Name Serial Number Back Apply Click this button to return to the previous screen without saving any changes. Click this button to save your settings back to the ZyXEL Device. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 221 Chapter 19 Interface Group 222 P-870HN-51b Users Guide PART V Maintenance, Troubleshooting and Specifications System Settings (225) Logs (229) Tools (233) Diagnostic (241) Troubleshooting (247) Product Specifications (253) 223 224 CHAPTER 20 System Settings 20.1 Overview This chapter shows you how to configure system related settings, such as system time, password, name, the domain name and the inactivity timeout interval. 20.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter The General screen lets you configure system settings (Section 20.2 on page 225). The Time Setting screen lets you set the system time (Section 20.3 on page 226). 20.2 The General Screen Use the General screen to configure system settings such as the system password. Click Maintenance > System to open the General screen. Figure 127 Maintenance > System > General P-870HN-51b Users Guide 225 Chapter 20 System Settings The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 81 Maintenance > System > Genera LABEL UserName Old Password DESCRIPTION Type the user name you use to access the system. Type the default password or the existing password you use to access the system in this field. New Password Type your new system password (up to 30 characters). Note that as you type a password, the screen displays a (*) for each character you type. After you change the password, use the new password to access the ZyXEL Device. Type the new password again for confirmation. Retype to Confirm Apply Cancel Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device. Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh. 20.3 The Time Setting Screen To change your ZyXEL Devices time and date, click Maintenance > System >

Time Setting. The screen appears as shown. Use this screen to configure the ZyXEL Devices time based on your local time zone. Figure 128 Maintenance > System > Time Setting 226 P-870HN-51b Users Guide The following table describes the fields in this screen. Chapter 20 System Settings Table 82 Maintenance > System > Time Setting LABEL Current Time Current Time DESCRIPTION This field displays the time of your ZyXEL Device. Current Date Each time you reload this page, the ZyXEL Device synchronizes the time with the time server. This field displays the date of your ZyXEL Device. Each time you reload this page, the ZyXEL Device synchronizes the date with the time server. Time and Date Setup Manual Get from Time Server First NTP time server Second NTP time server Third NTP time server Fourth NTP time server Select this option to enter the time and date manually. Select this option to have the ZyXEL Device get the time and date from the time server you specified below. Select an NTP time server from the drop-down list box. Otherwise, select Other and enter the IP address or URL (up to 20 extended ASCII characters in length) of your time server. Select None if you dont want to configure the time server. Check with your ISP/network administrator if you are unsure of this information. Fifth NTP time server Time zone offset Choose the time zone of your location. This will set the time difference Apply Cancel between your time zone and Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device. Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 227 Chapter 20 System Settings 228 P-870HN-51b Users Guide CHAPTER 21 Logs 21.1 Overview This chapter contains information about configuring general log settings and viewing the ZyXEL Devices logs. The web configurator allows you to choose which categories of events and/or alerts to have the ZyXEL Device log and then display the logs or have the ZyXEL Device send them to a syslog server. 21.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter The View Log screen lets you see the logs for the categories that you selected in the Log Settings screen (Section 21.2 on page 229). The Log Settings screen lets you configure to where the ZyXEL Device is to send logs and which logs and/or immediate alerts the ZyXEL Device is to record

(Section 21.3 on page 230). 21.2 The View Log Screen Click Maintenance > Logs to open the View Log screen. Use the View Log screen to see the logs for the categories that you selected in the Log Settings screen (see Section 21.3 on page 230). P-870HN-51b Users Guide 229 Chapter 21 Logs The log wraps around and deletes the old entries after it fills. Figure 129 Maintenance > Logs > View Log The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 83 Maintenance > Logs > View Log LABEL Display DESCRIPTION Select a severity level of logs to view. The ZyXEL Device displays the logs with the severity level equal to or higher than what you selected. This field is a sequential value and is not associated with a specific entry. This field displays the time the log was recorded. This field displays the severity level of the log. This field displays the system module from which the logs come. This field states the reason for the log.

Date/Time Severity System Message 21.3 The Log Settings Screen Use the Log Settings screen to configure to where the ZyXEL Device is to send logs and which logs and/or immediate alerts the ZyXEL Device is to record and display. 230 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 21 Logs To change your ZyXEL Devices log settings, click Maintenance > Logs > Log Settings. The screen appears as shown. Figure 130 Maintenance > Logs > Log Settings The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 84 Maintenance > Logs > Log Settings LABEL Active Log Level DESCRIPTION Select to enable or disable system logging. Select the severity level of the logs that you want the ZyXEL Device to display, record and send to the log server. Mode The ZyXEL Device displays and records the logs with the severity level equal to or higher than what you selected. Select Local to record the logs and store them in the local memory of the ZyXEL Device only. Select Remote to send logs to the specified log server. Select Both to record the logs and store them in the local memory and also send logs to the log server. Enter the server name or the IP address of the log server. Enter the UDP port of the log server. Click Apply to save your customized settings. Syslog Server IP Address Syslog Server UDP Port Apply P-870HN-51b Users Guide 231 Chapter 21 Logs 232 P-870HN-51b Users Guide CHAPTER 22 Tools Do not interrupt the file transfer process as this may PERMANENTLY DAMAGE your ZyXEL Device. 22.1 Overview This chapter explains how to upload new firmware, manage configuration files and restart your ZyXEL Device. Use the instructions in this chapter to change the devices configuration file or upgrade its firmware. After you configure your device, you can backup the configuration file to a computer. That way if you later misconfigure the device, you can upload the backed up configuration file to return to your previous settings. You can alternately upload the factory default configuration file if you want to return the device to the original default settings. The firmware determines the devices available features and functionality. You can download new firmware releases from your nearest ZyXEL FTP site (or www.zyxel.com) to use to upgrade your devices performance. Only use firmware for your devices specific model. Refer to the label on the bottom of your ZyXEL Device. 22.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter The Firmware screen lets you upload firmware to your device (Section 22.2 on page 234). The Configuration screen lets you backup and restore device configurations

(Section 22.3 on page 236). You can also reset your device settings back to the factory default. The Restart screen lets you restart your ZyXEL Device (Section 22.4 on page 238). P-870HN-51b Users Guide 233 Chapter 22 Tools 22.2 The Firmware Screen Click Maintenance > Tools to open the Firmware screen. Follow the instructions in this screen to upload firmware to your ZyXEL Device. The upload process uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and may take up to two minutes. After a successful upload, the system will reboot. Do NOT turn off the ZyXEL Device while firmware upload is in progress!

Figure 131 Maintenance > Tools > Firmware The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 85 Maintenance > Tools > Firmware LABEL Current Firmware Version File Path DESCRIPTION This is the present Firmware version and the date created. Browse... Upload Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Browse ... to find it. Click Browse... to find the .bin file you want to upload. Remember that you must decompress compressed (.zip) files before you can upload them. Click Upload to begin the upload process. This process may take up to two minutes. 234 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 22 Tools After you see the Firmware Upload in Progress screen, wait two minutes before logging into the ZyXEL Device again. Figure 132 Firmware Upload In Progress The ZyXEL Device automatically restarts in this time causing a temporary network disconnect. In some operating systems, you may see the following icon on your desktop. Figure 133 Network Temporarily Disconnected After two minutes, log in again and check your new firmware version in the Status screen. If the upload was not successful, the following screen will appear. Click Tools to go back to the Firmware screen. Figure 134 Error Message P-870HN-51b Users Guide 235 Chapter 22 Tools 22.3 The Configuration Screen Click Maintenance > Tools > Configuration. Information related to factory defaults, backup configuration, and restoring configuration appears in this screen, as shown next. Figure 135 Maintenance > Tools > Configuration Backup Configuration Backup Configuration allows you to back up (save) the ZyXEL Devices current configuration to a file on your computer. Once your ZyXEL Device is configured and functioning properly, it is highly recommended that you back up your configuration file before making configuration changes. The backup configuration file will be useful in case you need to return to your previous settings. Click Backup to save the ZyXEL Devices current configuration to your computer. 236 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 22 Tools Restore Configuration Restore Configuration allows you to upload a new or previously saved configuration file from your computer to your ZyXEL Device. Table 86 Restore Configuration LABEL File Path DESCRIPTION Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Browse ... to find it. Browse... Click Browse... to find the file you want to upload. Remember that you must Upload decompress compressed (.ZIP) files before you can upload them. Click Upload to begin the upload process. Do not turn off the ZyXEL Device while configuration file upload is in progress. After you see a restore configuration successful screen, you must then wait one minute before logging into the ZyXEL Device again. Figure 136 Configuration Upload Successful The ZyXEL Device automatically restarts in this time causing a temporary network disconnect. In some operating systems, you may see the following icon on your desktop. Figure 137 Network Temporarily Disconnected If you uploaded the default configuration file you may need to change the IP address of your computer to be in the same subnet as that of the default device IP address (192.168.1.1). See Appendix A on page 261 for details on how to set up your computers IP address. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 237 Chapter 22 Tools If the upload was not successful, the following screen will appear. Click Tools >

Configuration to go back to the Configuration screen. Figure 138 Configuration Upload Error Reset to Factory Defaults Click the Reset button to clear all user-entered configuration information and return the ZyXEL Device to its factory defaults. The following warning screen appears. Figure 139 Reset Warning Message You can also press the RESET button on the rear panel to reset the factory defaults of your ZyXEL Device. Refer to Section 1.6 on page 25 for more information on the RESET button. 22.4 The Restart Screen System restart allows you to reboot the ZyXEL Device without turning the power off. 238 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 22 Tools Click Maintenance > Tools > Restart. Click Restart to have the ZyXEL Device reboot. This does not affect the ZyXEL Device's configuration. Figure 140 Maintenance > Tools >Restart P-870HN-51b Users Guide 239 Chapter 22 Tools 240 P-870HN-51b Users Guide CHAPTER 23 Diagnostic 23.1 Overview The Diagnostic screens display information to help you identify problems with the ZyXEL Device. The route between a CO VDSL switch and one of its CPE may go through switches owned by independent organizations. A connectivity fault point generally takes time to discover and impacts subscribers network access. In order to eliminate the management and maintenance efforts, IEEE 802.1ag is a Connectivity Fault Management (CFM) specification which allows network administrators to identify and manage connection faults. Through discovery and verification of the path, CFM can detect, analyze and isolate connectivity faults in bridged LANs. 23.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter The General screen lets you ping an IP address or trace the route packets take to a host (Section 23.4 on page 243). The 802.1ag screen lets you perform CFM actions (Section 23.4 on page 243). The OAM Ping Test screen lets you send an ATM OAM (Operation, Administration and Maintenance) packet to verify the connectivity of a specific PVC. (Section 23.4 on page 243). 23.2 What You Need to Know The following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter. How CFM Works A Maintenance Association (MA) defines a VLAN and associated Maintenance End Point (MEP) ports on the device under a Maintenance Domain (MD) level. An MEP port has the ability to send Connectivity Check Messages (CCMs) and get other MEP ports information from neighbor devices CCMs within an MA. CFM provides two tests to discover connectivity faults. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 241 Chapter 23 Diagnostic Loopback test - checks if the MEP port receives its Loop Back Response (LBR) from its target after it sends the Loop Back Message (LBM). If no response is received, there might be a connectivity fault between them. Link trace test - provides additional connectivity fault analysis to get more information on where the fault is. If an MEP port does not respond to the source MEP, this may indicate a fault. Administrators can take further action to check and resume services from the fault according to the line connectivity status report. 23.3 The General Diagnostic Screen Click Maintenance > Diagnostic to open the screen shown next. Ping and traceroute help check availability of remote hosts and also help troubleshoot network or Internet connections. Figure 141 Maintenance > Diagnostic > General The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 87 Maintenance > Diagnostic > General LABEL TCP/IP Address Ping Traceoute DESCRIPTION Type the IP address of a computer that you want to ping in order to test a connection or trace the route packets take to. Click this button to ping the IP address that you entered. Click this button to perform the traceroute function. This determines the path a packet takes to the specified host. 242 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 23 Diagnostic 23.4 The 802.1ag Screen Click Maintenance > Diagnostic > 8.2.1ag to open the following screen. Use this screen to perform CFM actions. Figure 142 802.1ag The following table describes the fields in this screen. DESCRIPTION Table 88 Maintenance > Diagnostic > 802.1ag LABEL 802.1ag Connectivity Fault Management Maintenance Domain (MD) Name Type a name of up to 39 printable English keyboard characters for this MD. The combined length of the MD Name and MA name must be less or equal to 44bytes. Select a level (0-7) under which you want to create an MA. Maintenance Domain (MD) Level P-870HN-51b Users Guide 243 Chapter 23 Diagnostic Table 88 Maintenance > Diagnostic > 802.1ag (continued) LABEL Maintenance Association (MA) Name DESCRIPTION Type a name of up to 39 printable English keyboard characters for this MA. The combined length of the MD Name and MA name must be less or equal to 44bytes. Select the format which the ZyXEL Device uses to send this MA information in the domain (MD). Options are VID, String and Integer. Maintenance Association (MA) Format If you select VID or Integer, the ZyXEL Device adds the VLAN ID you specified for an MA in the CCM. If you select String, the ZyXEL Device adds the MA name you specified above in the CCM. Destination MAC Address Count Note: The MEPs in the same MA should use the same MA format. Enter the target devices MAC address to which the ZyXEL Device performs a CFM loopback test. Set how many times the ZyXEL Device send loopback messages

(LBMs). 802.1Q VLAN ID Type a VLAN ID (0-4095) for this MA. Maintenance End Point ID Enter an ID number (1-8191) for this MEP port. Each MEP port needs a unique ID number within an MD. The MEP ID is to identify an MEP port used when you perform a CFM action Status Continuity Check Message (CCM) Loopback Message (LBM) Linktrace Message (LTM) Save Enable CCM Disable CCM This shows how many Connectivity Check Messages (CCMs) are sent and if there is any invalid CCM or cross-connect CCM. This shows how many Loop Back Messages (LBMs) are sent and if there is any inorder or outorder Loop Back Response (LBR) received from a remote MEP. This shows the destination MAC address in the Link Trace Response

(LTR). Click this to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device. Click this button to have the selected MEP send Connectivity Check Messages (CCMs) to other MEPs. Click this button to disallow the selected MEP to send Connectivity Check Messages (CCMs) to other MEPs. Update CC status Click this button to reload the test result. Send Loopback Click this button to have the selected MEP send the LBM (Loop Back Message) to a specified remote end point. Click this button to have the selected MEP send the LTMs (Link Trace Messages) to a specified remote end point. Send Linktrace 244 P-870HN-51b Users Guide 23.5 The OAM Ping Test Screen Chapter 23 Diagnostic Click Maintenance > Diagnostic > OAM Ping Test to open the screen shown next. Use this screen to perform an OAM (Operation, Administration and Maintenance) F4 or F5 loopback test on a PVC. The ZyXEL Device sends an OAM F4 or F5 packet to the DSLAM or ATM switch and then returns it to the ZyXEL Device. The test result then displays in the text box. ATM sets up virtual circuits over which end systems communicate. The terminology for virtual circuits is as follows:

Virtual Channel (VC) Logical connections between ATM devices Virtual Path (VP) Virtual Circuits A bundle of virtual channels A series of virtual paths between circuit end points Figure 143 Virtual Circuit Topology Segment Virtual Circuit (End-to-End) ATM Switch Virtual Path Virtual Channel Think of a virtual path as a cable that contains a bundle of wires. The cable connects two points and wires within the cable provide individual circuits between the two points. In an ATM cell header, a VPI (Virtual Path Identifier) identifies a link formed by a virtual path; a VCI (Virtual Channel Identifier) identifies a channel within a virtual path. A series of virtual paths make up a virtual circuit. F4 cells operate at the virtual path (VP) level, while F5 cells operate at the virtual channel (VC) level. F4 cells use the same VPI as the user data cells on VP connections, but use different predefined VCI values. F5 cells use the same VPI and VCI as the user data cells on the VC connections, and are distinguished from data cells by a predefinded Payload Type Identifier (PTI) in the cell header. Both F4 flows and F5 flows are bidirectional and have two types. segment F4 flows (VCI=3) end-to-end F4 flows (VCI=4) segment F5 flows (PTI=100) end-to-end F5 flows (PTI=101) OAM F4 or F5 tests are used to check virtual path or virtual channel availbility between two DSL devices. Segment flows are terminated at the connecting point P-870HN-51b Users Guide 245 Chapter 23 Diagnostic which terminates a VP or VC segment. End-to-end flows are terminated at the end point of a VP or VC connection, where an ATM link is terminated. Segment loopback tests allow you to verify integrity of a PVC to the nearest neighboring ATM device. End-to-end loopback tests allow you to verify integrity of an end-to-

end PVC. Note: The DSLAM to which the ZyXEL Device is connected must also support ATM F4 and/or F5 to use this test. Note: This screen is available only when you configure an ATM layer-2 interface. Figure 144 Maintenance > Diagnostic > OAM Ping Test The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 89 Maintenance > Diagnostic > OAM Ping Test LABEL DESCRIPTION Select a PVC on which you want to perform the loopback test. Press this to perform an OAM F4 segment loopback test. Press this to perform an OAM F4 end-to-end loopback test. Press this to perform an OAM F5 segment loopback test. Press this to perform an OAM F5 end-to-end loopback test. F4 segment F4 end-end F5 segment F5 end-end 246 P-870HN-51b Users Guide CHAPTER 24 Troubleshooting This chapter offers some suggestions to solve problems you might encounter. The potential problems are divided into the following categories. Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs ZyXEL Device Access and Login Internet Access 24.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs The ZyXEL Device does not turn on. None of the LEDs turn on. 1 Make sure the ZyXEL Device is turned on. 2 Make sure you are using the power adaptor or cord included with the ZyXEL Device. 3 Make sure the power adaptor or cord is connected to the ZyXEL Device and plugged in to an appropriate power source. Make sure the power source is turned on. 4 5 Turn the ZyXEL Device off and on. If the problem continues, contact the vendor. One of the LEDs does not behave as expected. 1 Make sure you understand the normal behavior of the LED. See Section 1.5 on page 24. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 247 Chapter 24 Troubleshooting 2 Check the hardware connections. See the Quick Start Guide. 3 4 5 Inspect your cables for damage. Contact the vendor to replace any damaged cables. Turn the ZyXEL Device off and on. If the problem continues, contact the vendor. 24.2 ZyXEL Device Access and Login I forgot the IP address for the ZyXEL Device. 1 2 3 The default IP address is 192.168.1.1. If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, you might get the IP address of the ZyXEL Device by looking up the IP address of the default gateway for your computer. To do this in most Windows computers, click Start > Run, enter cmd, and then enter ipconfig. The IP address of the Default Gateway might be the IP address of the ZyXEL Device (it depends on the network), so enter this IP address in your Internet browser. If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See Section 1.6 on page 25. I forgot the password. 1 2 The default password is 1234. If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See Section 1.6 on page 25. I cannot see or access the Login screen in the web configurator. 1 Make sure you are using the correct IP address. The default IP address is 192.168.1.1. 248 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 24 Troubleshooting If you changed the IP address (Section on page 98), use the new IP address. If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, see the troubleshooting suggestions for I forgot the IP address for the ZyXEL Device. 2 Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick Start Guide. 3 Make sure your Internet browser does not block pop-up windows and has JavaScripts and Java enabled. See Appendix B on page 291. 4 Reset the device to its factory defaults, and try to access the ZyXEL Device with the default IP address. See Section 1.6 on page 25. 5 If the problem continues, contact the network administrator or vendor, or try one of the advanced suggestions. Advanced Suggestions If your computer is connected wirelessly, use a computer that is connected to a ETHERNET port. I can see the Login screen, but I cannot log in to the ZyXEL Device. 1 Make sure you have entered the user name and password correctly. The default user name is admin and password is 1234. These fields are case-sensitive, so make sure [Caps Lock] is not on. 2 3 Turn the ZyXEL Device off and on. If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See Section 24.1 on page 247. 24.3 Internet Access I cannot access the Internet. 1 Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick Start Guide and Section 1.5 on page 24. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 249 Chapter 24 Troubleshooting 2 Make sure you entered your ISP account information correctly in the WAN screens. These fields are case-sensitive, so make sure [Caps Lock] is not on. 3 If you are trying to access the Internet wirelessly, make sure the wireless settings in the wireless client are the same as the settings in the AP. 4 Disconnect all the cables from your device, and follow the directions in the Quick Start Guide again. 5 If the problem continues, contact your ISP. I cannot access the Internet anymore. I had access to the Internet (with the ZyXEL Device), but my Internet connection is not available anymore. 1 Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick Start Guide and Section 1.5 on page 24. 2 3 Turn the ZyXEL Device off and on. If the problem continues, contact your ISP. The Internet connection is slow or intermittent. 1 There might be a lot of traffic on the network. Look at the LEDs, and check Section 1.5 on page 24. If the ZyXEL Device is sending or receiving a lot of information, try closing some programs that use the Internet, especially peer-to-peer applications. 2 Check the signal strength. If the signal strength is low, try moving your computer closer to the ZyXEL Device if possible, and look around to see if there are any devices that might be interfering with the wireless network (for example, microwaves, other wireless networks, and so on). 3 4 250 Turn the ZyXEL Device off and on. If the problem continues, contact the network administrator or vendor, or try one of the advanced suggestions. Advanced Suggestions P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 24 Troubleshooting Check the settings for QoS. If it is disabled, you might consider activating it. If it is enabled, you might consider raising or lowering the priority for some applications. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 251 Chapter 24 Troubleshooting 252 P-870HN-51b Users Guide CHAPTER 25 Product Specifications The following tables summarize the ZyXEL Devices hardware and firmware features. 25.1 Hardware Specifications Table 90 Hardware Specifications Dimensions Weight Power Specification Built-in Switch 231(W) x 147(D) x 57(H) mm 950g 12 V DC 1A Four auto-negotiating, auto MDI/MDI-X 10/100 Mbps RJ-45 Ethernet ports Restores factory defaults One attached external dipole antenna, one internal antenna, 2*2dBi RESET Button Antenna

(wireless devices only) WPS Button

(wireless devices only) Operation Temperature Storage Temperature Operation Humidity Storage Humidity 1 second: turn on or off WLAN 5 seconds: enable WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup) 0 C ~ 40 C

-20 ~ 60 C 20% ~ 85% RH 20% ~ 90% RH 25.2 Firmware Specifications Table 91 Firmware Specifications Default IP Address 192.168.1.1 Default Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0 (24 bits) P-870HN-51b Users Guide 253 Chapter 25 Product Specifications Table 91 Firmware Specifications (continued) Default User Name Default Password DHCP Server IP Pool Static Routes Device Management admin 1234 192.168.1.33 to 192.168.1.254 16 Use the web configurator to easily configure the rich range of features on the ZyXEL Device. Allow the IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and/or IEEE 802.11n wireless clients to connect to the ZyXEL Device wirelessly. Enable wireless security (WEP, WPA(2), WPA(2)-PSK) and/or MAC filtering to protect your wireless network. Wireless Functionality

(wireless devices only) Firmware Upgrade Configuration Backup

& Restoration Port Forwarding DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) Dynamic DNS Support IP Multicast Time and Date Logs Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) QoS (Quality of Service) Download new firmware (when available) from the ZyXEL web site and use the web configurator to put it on the ZyXEL Device. Note: Only upload firmware for your specific model!

Make a copy of the ZyXEL Devices configuration. You can put it back on the ZyXEL Device later if you decide to revert back to an earlier configuration. If you have a server (mail or web server for example) on your network, you can use this feature to let people access it from the Internet. Use this feature to have the ZyXEL Device assign IP addresses, an IP default gateway and DNS servers to computers on your network. Your device can also act as a surrogate DHCP server

(DHCP Relay) where it relays IP address assignment from the actual real DHCP server to the clients. With Dynamic DNS (Domain Name System) support, you can use a fixed URL, www.zyxel.com for example, with a dynamic IP address. You must register for this service with a Dynamic DNS service provider. IP multicast is used to send traffic to a specific group of computers. The ZyXEL Device supports versions 1 and 2 of IGMP

(Internet Group Management Protocol) used to join multicast groups (see RFC 2236). Get the current time and date from an external server when you turn on your ZyXEL Device. You can also set the time manually. These dates and times are then used in logs. Use logs for troubleshooting. You can send logs from the ZyXEL Device to an external syslog server. A UPnP-enabled device can dynamically join a network, obtain an IP address and convey its capabilities to other devices on the network. You can efficiently manage traffic on your network by reserving bandwidth and giving priority to certain types of traffic and/or to particular computers. Remote Management This allows you to decide whether a service (HTTP or FTP traffic for example) from a computer on a network (LAN or WAN for example) can access the ZyXEL Device. 254 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Chapter 25 Product Specifications Table 91 Firmware Specifications (continued) PPPoE Support

(RFC2516) PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet) emulates a dial-up connection. It allows your ISP to use their existing network configuration with newer broadband technologies such as ADSL. The PPPoE driver on your device is transparent to the computers on the LAN, which see only Ethernet and are not aware of PPPoE thus saving you from having to manage PPPoE clients on individual computers. Other PPPoE Features PPPoE idle time out IP Alias Packet Filters VDSL Standards PPPoE dial on demand IP alias allows you to partition a physical network into logical networks over the same Ethernet interface. Your device supports three logical LAN interfaces via its single physical Ethernet interface with the your device itself as the gateway for each LAN network. Your devices packet filtering function allows added network security and management. VDSL line coding: ITU-T G.993.2 DMT modulation DSL handshake procedure protocol: ITU-T G.994.1 DSL physical layer management protocol: ITU-T G.997.1 VDSL band plan: 997 and 998 Support U0 band VDSL profiles: 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 12a, 12b, 17a VDSL speed: up to 100/50 Mbps@ 700 feet Support Annex A, Annex B and 5-band VDSL2 Rate adaptation OLR: Bit Swapping/ SRA (Seamless Rate Adaption) Upstream power back-off (UPBO) VDSL OAM communication channels: Indicator bits (IB) channel, VDSL embedded operations channel (EOC) and VDSL overhead control channel (VOC) PTM Transmission Convergence (PTM-TC) Dual-latency xDSL framing (fast and interleaved) Trellis coding INP capability: At least two symbols protection (INP_MIN = 2), up to 16 symbols (INP_MIN = 16) P-870HN-51b Users Guide 255 Chapter 25 Product Specifications Table 91 Firmware Specifications (continued) ADSL Standards Multi-Mode standard (ANSI T1.413,Issue 2; G.dmt(G.992.1);

G.lite(G992.2)). ADSL2 G.dmt.bis (G.992.3) ADSL2+ (G.992.5) Reach-Extended ADSL (RE ADSL) SRA (Seamless Rate Adaptation) Auto-negotiating rate adaptation ADSL physical connection ATM AAL5 (ATM Adaptation Layer type 5) Multi-protocol over AAL5 (RFC2684/1483) PPP over ATM AAL5 (RFC 2364) PPP over Ethernet (RFC 2516) MAC encapsulated routing (ENET encapsulation) VC-based and LLC-based multiplexing Up to 8 PVCs (Permanent Virtual Circuits) ATM traffic shaping (CBR, VBR-rt/nrt, UBR) 610 F4/F5 OAM Upstream power backoff (UPBO) Other Protocol Support Broadcom PhyR, PHY Level Retransmission Technology Broadcom Nitro mode, ATM header compression PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) link layer protocol Transparent bridging for unsupported network layer protocols Management RIP I/RIP II ICMP IP Multicasting IGMP v1 and v2 IGMP Proxy Embedded Web Configurator Remote Firmware Upgrade Syslog TR-069 TR-064 256 P-870HN-51b Users Guide 25.3 Wireless Features Chapter 25 Product Specifications Table 92 Wireless Features External Antenna Wireless LAN MAC Address Filtering WEP Encryption Wi-Fi Protected Access WPA2 Other Wireless Features The ZyXEL Device is equipped with an attached antenna to provide a clear radio signal between the wireless stations and the access points. Your device can check the MAC addresses of wireless stations against a list of allowed or denied MAC addresses. WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) encrypts data frames before transmitting over the wireless network to help keep network communications private. Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) is a subset of the IEEE 802.11i security standard. Key differences between WPA and WEP are user authentication and improved data encryption. WPA 2 is a wireless security standard that defines stronger encryption, authentication and key management than WPA. IEEE 802.11n Compliance Frequency Range: 2.4 GHz ISM Band Advanced Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

(OFDM) Data Rates: 54Mbps, 11Mbps, 5.5Mbps, 2Mbps, and 1 Mbps Auto Fallback WPA2 WMM IEEE 802.11i IEEE 802.11e Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) Data Encryption 64/128 bit WLAN bridge to LAN Up to 32 MAC Address filters IEEE 802.1x Store up to 32 built-in user profiles using EAP-MD5 (Local User Database) External RADIUS server using EAP-MD5, TLS, TTLS The following list, which is not exhaustive, illustrates the standards supported in the ZyXEL Device. Table 93 Standards Supported STANDARD RFC 1058 RFC 1112 DESCRIPTION RIP-1 (Routing Information Protocol) IGMP v1 P-870HN-51b Users Guide 257 Chapter 25 Product Specifications Table 93 Standards Supported (continued) STANDARD RFC 1631 RFC 1661 RFC 1723 RFC 2236 RFC 2516 RFC 2766 IEEE 802.11 DESCRIPTION IP Network Address Translator (NAT) The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) RIP-2 (Routing Information Protocol) Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 2. A Method for Transmitting PPP Over Ethernet (PPPoE) Network Address Translation - Protocol Also known by the brand Wi-Fi, denotes a set of Wireless LAN/

WLAN standards developed by working group 11 of the IEEE LAN/MAN Standards Committee (IEEE 802). Uses the 2.4 gigahertz (GHz) band Uses the 2.4 gigahertz (GHz) band Uses the 2.4 gigahertz (GHz) band Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks: Media Access Control (MAC) Bridges Port Based Network Access Control. IEEE 802.11 e Wireless LAN for Quality of Service ITU standard that defines VDSL2. DSL Forum Standard for CPE Wan Management. DSL Forum LAN-Side DSL CPE Configuration IEEE 802.11b IEEE 802.11g IEEE 802.11n IEEE 802.11d IEEE 802.11x IEEE 802.11e QoS ITU-T G.993.2

(VDSL2) TR-069 TR-064 258 P-870HN-51b Users Guide PART VI Appendices and Index Note: The appendices provide general information. Some details may not apply to your ZyXEL Device. Setting Up Your Computers IP Address

(261) Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions (291) IP Addresses and Subnetting (301) Wireless LANs (313) Open Software Announcements (333) Common Services (329) Legal Information (339) Index (343) 259 260 A APPENDIX Setting Up Your Computers IP Address Note: Your specific ZyXEL device may not support all of the operating systems described in this appendix. See the product specifications for more information about which operating systems are supported. This appendix shows you how to configure the IP settings on your computer in order for it to be able to communicate with the other devices on your network. Windows Vista/XP/2000, Mac OS 9/OS X, and all versions of UNIX/LINUX include the software components you need to use TCP/IP on your computer. If you manually assign IP information instead of using a dynamic IP, make sure that your networks computers have IP addresses that place them in the same subnet. In this appendix, you can set up an IP address for:

Windows XP/NT/2000 on page 262 Windows Vista on page 266 Mac OS X: 10.3 and 10.4 on page 271 Mac OS X: 10.5 on page 275 Linux: Ubuntu 8 (GNOME) on page 278 Linux: openSUSE 10.3 (KDE) on page 284 P-870HN-51b Users Guide 261 Appendix A Setting Up Your Computers IP Address Windows XP/NT/2000 The following example uses the default Windows XP display theme but can also apply to Windows 2000 and Windows NT. 1 Click Start > Control Panel. Figure 145 Windows XP: Start Menu 2 In the Control Panel, click the Network Connections icon. Figure 146 Windows XP: Control Panel 262 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Appendix A Setting Up Your Computers IP Address 3 Right-click Local Area Connection and then select Properties. Figure 147 Windows XP: Control Panel > Network Connections > Properties 4 On the General tab, select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and then click Properties. Figure 148 Windows XP: Local Area Connection Properties P-870HN-51b Users Guide 263 Appendix A Setting Up Your Computers IP Address 5 The Internet Protocol TCP/IP Properties window opens. Figure 149 Windows XP: Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties 6 Select Obtain an IP address automatically if your network administrator or ISP assigns your IP address dynamically. Select Use the following IP Address and fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Default gateway fields if you have a static IP address that was assigned to you by your network administrator or ISP. You may also have to enter a Preferred DNS server and an Alternate DNS server, if that information was provided. 7 Click OK to close the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window. 8 Click OK to close the Local Area Connection Properties window. Verifying Settings 1 Click Start > All Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt. 264 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Appendix A Setting Up Your Computers IP Address 2 In the Command Prompt window, type "ipconfig" and then press [ENTER]. You can also go to Start > Control Panel > Network Connections, right-click a network connection, click Status and then click the Support tab to view your IP address and connection information. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 265 Appendix A Setting Up Your Computers IP Address Windows Vista This section shows screens from Windows Vista Professional. 1 Click Start > Control Panel. Figure 150 Windows Vista: Start Menu 2 In the Control Panel, click the Network and Internet icon. Figure 151 Windows Vista: Control Panel 3 Click the Network and Sharing Center icon. Figure 152 Windows Vista: Network And Internet 266 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Appendix A Setting Up Your Computers IP Address 4 Click Manage network connections. Figure 153 Windows Vista: Network and Sharing Center 5 Right-click Local Area Connection and then select Properties. Figure 154 Windows Vista: Network and Sharing Center Note: During this procedure, click Continue whenever Windows displays a screen saying that it needs your permission to continue. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 267 Appendix A Setting Up Your Computers IP Address 6 Select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and then select Properties. Figure 155 Windows Vista: Local Area Connection Properties 268 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Appendix A Setting Up Your Computers IP Address 7 The Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties window opens. Figure 156 Windows Vista: Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties 8 Select Obtain an IP address automatically if your network administrator or ISP assigns your IP address dynamically. Select Use the following IP Address and fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Default gateway fields if you have a static IP address that was assigned to you by your network administrator or ISP. You may also have to enter a Preferred DNS server and an Alternate DNS server, if that information was provided.Click Advanced. 9 Click OK to close the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window. 10 Click OK to close the Local Area Connection Properties window. Verifying Settings 1 Click Start > All Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 269 Appendix A Setting Up Your Computers IP Address 2 In the Command Prompt window, type "ipconfig" and then press [ENTER]. You can also go to Start > Control Panel > Network Connections, right-click a network connection, click Status and then click the Support tab to view your IP address and connection information. 270 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Appendix A Setting Up Your Computers IP Address Mac OS X: 10.3 and 10.4 The screens in this section are from Mac OS X 10.4 but can also apply to 10.3. 1 Click Apple > System Preferences. Figure 157 Mac OS X 10.4: Apple Menu 2 In the System Preferences window, click the Network icon. Figure 158 Mac OS X 10.4: System Preferences P-870HN-51b Users Guide 271 Appendix A Setting Up Your Computers IP Address 3 When the Network preferences pane opens, select Built-in Ethernet from the network connection type list, and then click Configure. Figure 159 Mac OS X 10.4: Network Preferences 4 For dynamically assigned settings, select Using DHCP from the Configure IPv4 list in the TCP/IP tab. Figure 160 Mac OS X 10.4: Network Preferences > TCP/IP Tab. 272 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Appendix A Setting Up Your Computers IP Address 5 For statically assigned settings, do the following:

From the Configure IPv4 list, select Manually. In the IP Address field, type your IP address. In the Subnet Mask field, type your subnet mask. In the Router field, type the IP address of your device. Figure 161 Mac OS X 10.4: Network Preferences > Ethernet 6 Click Apply Now and close the window. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 273 Appendix A Setting Up Your Computers IP Address Verifying Settings Check your TCP/IP properties by clicking Applications > Utilities > Network Utilities, and then selecting the appropriate Network Interface from the Info tab. Figure 162 Mac OS X 10.4: Network Utility 274 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Appendix A Setting Up Your Computers IP Address Mac OS X: 10.5 The screens in this section are from Mac OS X 10.5. 1 Click Apple > System Preferences. Figure 163 Mac OS X 10.5: Apple Menu 2 In System Preferences, click the Network icon. Figure 164 Mac OS X 10.5: Systems Preferences P-870HN-51b Users Guide 275 Appendix A Setting Up Your Computers IP Address 3 When the Network preferences pane opens, select Ethernet from the list of available connection types. Figure 165 Mac OS X 10.5: Network Preferences > Ethernet 4 5 From the Configure list, select Using DHCP for dynamically assigned settings. For statically assigned settings, do the following:

From the Configure list, select Manually. In the IP Address field, enter your IP address. In the Subnet Mask field, enter your subnet mask. 276 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Appendix A Setting Up Your Computers IP Address In the Router field, enter the IP address of your ZyXEL Device. Figure 166 Mac OS X 10.5: Network Preferences > Ethernet 6 Click Apply and close the window. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 277 Appendix A Setting Up Your Computers IP Address Verifying Settings Check your TCP/IP properties by clicking Applications > Utilities > Network Utilities, and then selecting the appropriate Network interface from the Info tab. Figure 167 Mac OS X 10.5: Network Utility Linux: Ubuntu 8 (GNOME) This section shows you how to configure your computers TCP/IP settings in the GNU Object Model Environment (GNOME) using the Ubuntu 8 Linux distribution. The procedure, screens and file locations may vary depending on your specific distribution, release version, and individual configuration. The following screens use the default Ubuntu 8 installation. Note: Make sure you are logged in as the root administrator. Follow the steps below to configure your computer IP address in GNOME:

278 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Appendix A Setting Up Your Computers IP Address 1 Click System > Administration > Network. Figure 168 Ubuntu 8: System > Administration Menu 2 When the Network Settings window opens, click Unlock to open the Authenticate window. (By default, the Unlock button is greyed out until clicked.) You cannot make changes to your configuration unless you first enter your admin password. Figure 169 Ubuntu 8: Network Settings > Connections P-870HN-51b Users Guide 279 Appendix A Setting Up Your Computers IP Address 3 4 In the Authenticate window, enter your admin account name and password then click the Authenticate button. Figure 170 Ubuntu 8: Administrator Account Authentication In the Network Settings window, select the connection that you want to configure, then click Properties. Figure 171 Ubuntu 8: Network Settings > Connections 280 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Appendix A Setting Up Your Computers IP Address 5 The Properties dialog box opens. Figure 172 Ubuntu 8: Network Settings > Properties In the Configuration list, select Automatic Configuration (DHCP) if you have a dynamic IP address. In the Configuration list, select Static IP address if you have a static IP address. Fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Gateway address fields. 6 Click OK to save the changes and close the Properties dialog box and return to the Network Settings screen. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 281 Appendix A Setting Up Your Computers IP Address 7 If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click the DNS tab in the Network Settings window and then enter the DNS server information in the fields provided. Figure 173 Ubuntu 8: Network Settings > DNS 8 Click the Close button to apply the changes. Verifying Settings Check your TCP/IP properties by clicking System > Administration > Network Tools, and then selecting the appropriate Network device from the Devices 282 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Appendix A Setting Up Your Computers IP Address tab. The Interface Statistics column shows data if your connection is working properly. Figure 174 Ubuntu 8: Network Tools P-870HN-51b Users Guide 283 Appendix A Setting Up Your Computers IP Address Linux: openSUSE 10.3 (KDE) This section shows you how to configure your computers TCP/IP settings in the K Desktop Environment (KDE) using the openSUSE 10.3 Linux distribution. The procedure, screens and file locations may vary depending on your specific distribution, release version, and individual configuration. The following screens use the default openSUSE 10.3 installation. Note: Make sure you are logged in as the root administrator. Follow the steps below to configure your computer IP address in the KDE:

1 Click K Menu > Computer > Administrator Settings (YaST). Figure 175 openSUSE 10.3: K Menu > Computer Menu 284 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Appendix A Setting Up Your Computers IP Address 2 When the Run as Root - KDE su dialog opens, enter the admin password and click OK. Figure 176 openSUSE 10.3: K Menu > Computer Menu 3 When the YaST Control Center window opens, select Network Devices and then click the Network Card icon. Figure 177 openSUSE 10.3: YaST Control Center P-870HN-51b Users Guide 285 Appendix A Setting Up Your Computers IP Address 4 When the Network Settings window opens, click the Overview tab, select the appropriate connection Name from the list, and then click the Configure button. Figure 178 openSUSE 10.3: Network Settings 286 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Appendix A Setting Up Your Computers IP Address 5 When the Network Card Setup window opens, click the Address tab Figure 179 openSUSE 10.3: Network Card Setup 6 Select Dynamic Address (DHCP) if you have a dynamic IP address. Select Statically assigned IP Address if you have a static IP address. Fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Hostname fields. 7 Click Next to save the changes and close the Network Card Setup window. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 287 Appendix A Setting Up Your Computers IP Address 8 If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click the Hostname/DNS tab in Network Settings and then enter the DNS server information in the fields provided. Figure 180 openSUSE 10.3: Network Settings 9 Click Finish to save your settings and close the window. 288 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Appendix A Setting Up Your Computers IP Address Verifying Settings Click the KNetwork Manager icon on the Task bar to check your TCP/IP properties. From the Options sub-menu, select Show Connection Information. Figure 181 openSUSE 10.3: KNetwork Manager When the Connection Status - KNetwork Manager window opens, click the Statistics tab to see if your connection is working properly. Figure 182 openSUSE: Connection Status - KNetwork Manager P-870HN-51b Users Guide 289 Appendix A Setting Up Your Computers IP Address 290 P-870HN-51b Users Guide B APPENDIX Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions In order to use the web configurator you need to allow:

Web browser pop-up windows from your device. JavaScripts (enabled by default). Java permissions (enabled by default). Note: Internet Explorer 6 screens are used here. Screens for other Internet Explorer versions may vary. Internet Explorer Pop-up Blockers You may have to disable pop-up blocking to log into your device. Either disable pop-up blocking (enabled by default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2) or allow pop-up blocking and create an exception for your devices IP address. Disable Pop-up Blockers 1 In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Pop-up Blocker and then select Turn Off Pop-up Blocker. Figure 183 Pop-up Blocker You can also check if pop-up blocking is disabled in the Pop-up Blocker section in the Privacy tab. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 291 Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions 1 In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Internet Options, Privacy. 2 Clear the Block pop-ups check box in the Pop-up Blocker section of the screen. This disables any web pop-up blockers you may have enabled. Figure 184 Internet Options: Privacy 3 Click Apply to save this setting. Enable Pop-up Blockers with Exceptions Alternatively, if you only want to allow pop-up windows from your device, see the following steps. 1 In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Internet Options and then the Privacy tab. 292 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions 2 Select Settingsto open the Pop-up Blocker Settings screen. Figure 185 Internet Options: Privacy 3 Type the IP address of your device (the web page that you do not want to have blocked) with the prefix http://. For example, http://192.168.167.1. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 293 Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions 4 Click Add to move the IP address to the list of Allowed sites. Figure 186 Pop-up Blocker Settings 5 Click Close to return to the Privacy screen. 6 Click Apply to save this setting. JavaScripts If pages of the web configurator do not display properly in Internet Explorer, check that JavaScripts are allowed. 294 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions 1 In Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security tab. Figure 187 Internet Options: Security 2 Click the Custom Level... button. 3 Scroll down to Scripting. 4 Under Active scripting make sure that Enable is selected (the default). 5 Under Scripting of Java applets make sure that Enable is selected (the default). P-870HN-51b Users Guide 295 Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions 6 Click OK to close the window. Figure 188 Security Settings - Java Scripting Java Permissions 1 From Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security tab. 2 Click the Custom Level... button. 3 Scroll down to Microsoft VM. 4 Under Java permissions make sure that a safety level is selected. 296 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions 5 Click OK to close the window. Figure 189 Security Settings - Java JAVA (Sun) 1 From Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Advanced tab. 2 Make sure that Use Java 2 for <applet> under Java (Sun) is selected. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 297 Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions 3 Click OK to close the window. Figure 190 Java (Sun) Mozilla Firefox Mozilla Firefox 2.0 screens are used here. Screens for other versions may vary. You can enable Java, Javascripts and pop-ups in one screen. Click Tools, then click Options in the screen that appears. Figure 191 Mozilla Firefox: Tools > Options 298 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions Click Content.to show the screen below. Select the check boxes as shown in the following screen. Figure 192 Mozilla Firefox Content Security P-870HN-51b Users Guide 299 Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions 300 P-870HN-51b Users Guide APPENDIX C IP Addresses and Subnetting This appendix introduces IP addresses and subnet masks. IP addresses identify individual devices on a network. Every networking device

(including computers, servers, routers, printers, etc.) needs an IP address to communicate across the network. These networking devices are also known as hosts. Subnet masks determine the maximum number of possible hosts on a network. You can also use subnet masks to divide one network into multiple sub-networks. Introduction to IP Addresses One part of the IP address is the network number, and the other part is the host ID. In the same way that houses on a street share a common street name, the hosts on a network share a common network number. Similarly, as each house has its own house number, each host on the network has its own unique identifying number - the host ID. Routers use the network number to send packets to the correct network, while the host ID determines to which host on the network the packets are delivered. Structure An IP address is made up of four parts, written in dotted decimal notation (for example, 192.168.1.1). Each of these four parts is known as an octet. An octet is an eight-digit binary number (for example 11000000, which is 192 in decimal notation). Therefore, each octet has a possible range of 00000000 to 11111111 in binary, or 0 to 255 in decimal. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 301 Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting The following figure shows an example IP address in which the first three octets

(192.168.1) are the network number, and the fourth octet (16) is the host ID. Figure 193 Network Number and Host ID How much of the IP address is the network number and how much is the host ID varies according to the subnet mask. Subnet Masks A subnet mask is used to determine which bits are part of the network number, and which bits are part of the host ID (using a logical AND operation). The term subnet is short for sub-network. A subnet mask has 32 bits. If a bit in the subnet mask is a 1 then the corresponding bit in the IP address is part of the network number. If a bit in the subnet mask is 0 then the corresponding bit in the IP address is part of the host ID. The following example shows a subnet mask identifying the network number (in bold text) and host ID of an IP address (192.168.1.2 in decimal). Table 94 IP Address Network Number and Host ID Example IP Address (Binary) Subnet Mask (Binary) Network Number Host ID 302 2ND OCTET:

(168) 10101000 4TH 1ST OCTET OCTET:

(2)

(192) 11000000 00000010 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 11000000 10101000 00000001 3RD OCTET:

(1) 00000001 00000010 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting By convention, subnet masks always consist of a continuous sequence of ones beginning from the leftmost bit of the mask, followed by a continuous sequence of zeros, for a total number of 32 bits. Subnet masks can be referred to by the size of the network number part (the bits with a 1 value). For example, an 8-bit mask means that the first 8 bits of the mask are ones and the remaining 24 bits are zeroes. Subnet masks are expressed in dotted decimal notation just like IP addresses. The following examples show the binary and decimal notation for 8-bit, 16-bit, 24-bit and 29-bit subnet masks. Table 95 Subnet Masks BINARY 1ST OCTET 2ND OCTET 3RD OCTET 8-bit mask 11111111 00000000 00000000 16-bit 11111111 11111111 00000000 mask 24-bit mask 29-bit mask 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 4TH OCTET 00000000 00000000 DECIMAL 255.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 00000000 255.255.255.0 11111000 255.255.255.24 8 Network Size The size of the network number determines the maximum number of possible hosts you can have on your network. The larger the number of network number bits, the smaller the number of remaining host ID bits. An IP address with host IDs of all zeros is the IP address of the network

(192.168.1.0 with a 24-bit subnet mask, for example). An IP address with host IDs of all ones is the broadcast address for that network (192.168.1.255 with a 24-bit subnet mask, for example). As these two IP addresses cannot be used for individual hosts, calculate the maximum number of possible hosts in a network as follows:

Table 96 Maximum Host Numbers SUBNET MASK HOST ID SIZE 255.0.0.0 8 bits 16 bits 255.255.0.0 24 bits 255.255.255.0 8 bits 29 bits 255.255.255.2 3 bits 24 bits 16 bits 48 P-870HN-51b Users Guide MAXIMUM NUMBER OF HOSTS 16777214 65534 254 6 224 2 216 2 28 2 23 2 303 Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting Notation Since the mask is always a continuous number of ones beginning from the left, followed by a continuous number of zeros for the remainder of the 32 bit mask, you can simply specify the number of ones instead of writing the value of each octet. This is usually specified by writing a / followed by the number of bits in the mask after the address. For example, 192.1.1.0 /25 is equivalent to saying 192.1.1.0 with subnet mask 255.255.255.128. The following table shows some possible subnet masks using both notations.

/26 LAST OCTET

(BINARY) 0000 0000 1000 0000 ALTERNATIVE NOTATION

/24

/25 Table 97 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation SUBNET MASK 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.12 8 255.255.255.19 2 255.255.255.22 4 255.255.255.24 0 255.255.255.24 8 255.255.255.25 2 1100 0000 1110 0000 1111 0000 1111 1000 1111 1100

/27

/28

/29

/30 LAST OCTET

(DECIMAL) 0 128 192 224 240 248 252 Subnetting You can use subnetting to divide one network into multiple sub-networks. In the following example a network administrator creates two sub-networks to isolate a group of servers from the rest of the company network for security reasons. In this example, the company network address is 192.168.1.0. The first three octets of the address (192.168.1) are the network number, and the remaining octet is the host ID, allowing a maximum of 28 2 or 254 possible hosts. 304 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting The following figure shows the company network before subnetting. Figure 194 Subnetting Example: Before Subnetting You can borrow one of the host ID bits to divide the network 192.168.1.0 into two separate sub-networks. The subnet mask is now 25 bits (255.255.255.128 or

/25). The borrowed host ID bit can have a value of either 0 or 1, allowing two subnets; 192.168.1.0 /25 and 192.168.1.128 /25. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 305 Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting The following figure shows the company network after subnetting. There are now two sub-networks, A and B. Figure 195 Subnetting Example: After Subnetting In a 25-bit subnet the host ID has 7 bits, so each sub-network has a maximum of 27 2 or 126 possible hosts (a host ID of all zeroes is the subnets address itself, all ones is the subnets broadcast address). 192.168.1.0 with mask 255.255.255.128 is subnet A itself, and 192.168.1.127 with mask 255.255.255.128 is its broadcast address. Therefore, the lowest IP address that can be assigned to an actual host for subnet A is 192.168.1.1 and the highest is 192.168.1.126. Similarly, the host ID range for subnet B is 192.168.1.129 to 192.168.1.254. Example: Four Subnets The previous example illustrated using a 25-bit subnet mask to divide a 24-bit address into two subnets. Similarly, to divide a 24-bit address into four subnets, you need to borrow two host ID bits to give four possible combinations (00, 01, 10 and 11). The subnet mask is 26 bits

(11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000) or 255.255.255.192. 306 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting Each subnet contains 6 host ID bits, giving 26 - 2 or 62 hosts for each subnet (a host ID of all zeroes is the subnet itself, all ones is the subnets broadcast address). Table 98 Subnet 1 IP/SUBNET MASK IP Address (Decimal) IP Address (Binary) Subnet Mask (Binary) Subnet Address:

192.168.1.0 Broadcast Address:

192.168.1.63 Table 99 Subnet 2 IP/SUBNET MASK IP Address IP Address (Binary) Subnet Mask (Binary) Subnet Address:

192.168.1.64 Broadcast Address:

192.168.1.127 Table 100 Subnet 3 IP/SUBNET MASK IP Address IP Address (Binary) Subnet Mask (Binary) Subnet Address:

192.168.1.128 Broadcast Address:

192.168.1.191 Table 101 Subnet 4 IP/SUBNET MASK IP Address IP Address (Binary) Subnet Mask (Binary) NETWORK NUMBER 192.168.1. 11000000.10101000.00000001. 00000000 11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000 Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.1 LAST OCTET BIT VALUE 0 Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.62 NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT VALUE 64 192.168.1. 11000000.10101000.00000001. 01000000 11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000 Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.65 Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.126 NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT VALUE 128 192.168.1. 11000000.10101000.00000001. 10000000 11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000 Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.129 Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.190 NETWORK NUMBER 192.168.1. 11000000.10101000.00000001

. 11111111.11111111.11111111

. LAST OCTET BIT VALUE 192 11000000 11000000 P-870HN-51b Users Guide 307 Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting Table 101 Subnet 4 (continued) IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER Subnet Address:

192.168.1.192 Broadcast Address:

192.168.1.255 Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.193 Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.254 LAST OCTET BIT VALUE Example: Eight Subnets Similarly, use a 27-bit mask to create eight subnets (000, 001, 010, 011, 100, 101, 110 and 111). The following table shows IP address last octet values for each subnet. Table 102 Eight Subnets SUBNET FIRST ADDRESS LAST SUBNET ADDRESS 0 32 64 96 128 160 192 224 1 33 65 97 129 161 193 225 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ADDRESS 30 62 94 126 158 190 222 254 BROADCAST ADDRESS 31 63 95 127 159 191 223 255 Subnet Planning The following table is a summary for subnet planning on a network with a 24-bit network number. NO. SUBNETS NO. HOSTS PER SUBNET MASK Table 103 24-bit Network Number Subnet Planning NO. BORROWED HOST BITS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 255.255.255.128 (/25) 255.255.255.192 (/26) 255.255.255.224 (/27) 255.255.255.240 (/28) 255.255.255.248 (/29) 255.255.255.252 (/30) 255.255.255.254 (/31) 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 SUBNET 126 62 30 14 6 2 1 308 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting The following table is a summary for subnet planning on a network with a 16-bit network number. NO. SUBNETS NO. HOSTS PER SUBNET MASK Table 104 16-bit Network Number Subnet Planning NO. BORROWED HOST BITS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 255.255.128.0 (/17) 255.255.192.0 (/18) 255.255.224.0 (/19) 255.255.240.0 (/20) 255.255.248.0 (/21) 255.255.252.0 (/22) 255.255.254.0 (/23) 255.255.255.0 (/24) 255.255.255.128 (/25) 255.255.255.192 (/26) 255.255.255.224 (/27) 255.255.255.240 (/28) 255.255.255.248 (/29) 255.255.255.252 (/30) 255.255.255.254 (/31) 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 4096 8192 16384 32768 SUBNET 32766 16382 8190 4094 2046 1022 510 254 126 62 30 14 6 2 1 Configuring IP Addresses Where you obtain your network number depends on your particular situation. If the ISP or your network administrator assigns you a block of registered IP addresses, follow their instructions in selecting the IP addresses and the subnet mask. If the ISP did not explicitly give you an IP network number, then most likely you have a single user account and the ISP will assign you a dynamic IP address when the connection is established. If this is the case, it is recommended that you select a network number from 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.0. The Internet Assigned Number Authority (IANA) reserved this block of addresses specifically for private use; please do not use any other number unless you are told otherwise. You must also enable Network Address Translation (NAT) on the ZyXEL Device. Once you have decided on the network number, pick an IP address for your ZyXEL Device that is easy to remember (for instance, 192.168.1.1) but make sure that no other device on your network is using that IP address. The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your ZyXEL Device will compute the subnet mask automatically based on the IP P-870HN-51b Users Guide 309 Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting address that you entered. You don't need to change the subnet mask computed by the ZyXEL Device unless you are instructed to do otherwise. Private IP Addresses Every machine on the Internet must have a unique address. If your networks are isolated from the Internet (running only between two branch offices, for example) you can assign any IP addresses to the hosts without problems. However, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has reserved the following three blocks of IP addresses specifically for private networks:

10.0.0.0 10.255.255.255 172.16.0.0 172.31.255.255 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255 You can obtain your IP address from the IANA, from an ISP, or it can be assigned from a private network. If you belong to a small organization and your Internet access is through an ISP, the ISP can provide you with the Internet addresses for your local networks. On the other hand, if you are part of a much larger organization, you should consult your network administrator for the appropriate IP addresses. Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an arbitrary IP address;

always follow the guidelines above. For more information on address assignment, please refer to RFC 1597, Address Allocation for Private Internets and RFC 1466, Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space. IP Address Conflicts Each device on a network must have a unique IP address. Devices with duplicate IP addresses on the same network will not be able to access the Internet or other resources. The devices may also be unreachable through the network. Conflicting Computer IP Addresses Example More than one device can not use the same IP address. In the following example computer A has a static (or fixed) IP address that is the same as the IP address that a DHCP server assigns to computer B which is a DHCP client. Neither can access the Internet. This problem can be solved by assigning a different static IP 310 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting address to computer A or setting computer A to obtain an IP address automatically. Figure 196 Conflicting Computer IP Addresses Example Conflicting Router IP Addresses Example Since a router connects different networks, it must have interfaces using different network numbers. For example, if a router is set between a LAN and the Internet

(WAN), the routers LAN and WAN addresses must be on different subnets. In the following example, the LAN and WAN are on the same subnet. The LAN computers cannot access the Internet because the router cannot route between networks. Figure 197 Conflicting Computer IP Addresses Example Conflicting Computer and Router IP Addresses Example More than one device can not use the same IP address. In the following example, the computer and the routers LAN port both use 192.168.1.1 as the IP address. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 311 Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting The computer cannot access the Internet. This problem can be solved by assigning a different IP address to the computer or the routers LAN port. Figure 198 Conflicting Computer and Router IP Addresses Example 312 P-870HN-51b Users Guide APPENDIX D Wireless LANs Wireless LAN Topologies This section discusses ad-hoc and infrastructure wireless LAN topologies. Ad-hoc Wireless LAN Configuration The simplest WLAN configuration is an independent (Ad-hoc) WLAN that connects a set of computers with wireless adapters (A, B, C). Any time two or more wireless adapters are within range of each other, they can set up an independent network, which is commonly referred to as an ad-hoc network or Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS). The following diagram shows an example of notebook computers using wireless adapters to form an ad-hoc wireless LAN. Figure 199 Peer-to-Peer Communication in an Ad-hoc Network BSS A Basic Service Set (BSS) exists when all communications between wireless clients or between a wireless client and a wired network client go through one access point (AP). Intra-BSS traffic is traffic between wireless clients in the BSS. When Intra-BSS is enabled, wireless client A and B can access the wired network and communicate P-870HN-51b Users Guide 313 Appendix D Wireless LANs with each other. When Intra-BSS is disabled, wireless client A and B can still access the wired network but cannot communicate with each other. Figure 200 Basic Service Set ESS An Extended Service Set (ESS) consists of a series of overlapping BSSs, each containing an access point, with each access point connected together by a wired network. This wired connection between APs is called a Distribution System (DS). This type of wireless LAN topology is called an Infrastructure WLAN. The Access Points not only provide communication with the wired network but also mediate wireless network traffic in the immediate neighborhood. 314 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Appendix D Wireless LANs An ESSID (ESS IDentification) uniquely identifies each ESS. All access points and their associated wireless clients within the same ESS must have the same ESSID in order to communicate. Figure 201 Infrastructure WLAN Channel A channel is the radio frequency(ies) used by wireless devices to transmit and receive data. Channels available depend on your geographical area. You may have a choice of channels (for your region) so you should use a channel different from an adjacent AP (access point) to reduce interference. Interference occurs when radio signals from different access points overlap causing interference and degrading performance. Adjacent channels partially overlap however. To avoid interference due to overlap, your AP should be on a channel at least five channels away from a channel that an adjacent AP is using. For example, if your region has 11 channels and an adjacent AP is using channel 1, then you need to select a channel between 6 or 11. RTS/CTS A hidden node occurs when two stations are within range of the same access point, but are not within range of each other. The following figure illustrates a hidden node. Both stations (STA) are within range of the access point (AP) or P-870HN-51b Users Guide 315 Appendix D Wireless LANs wireless gateway, but out-of-range of each other, so they cannot "hear" each other, that is they do not know if the channel is currently being used. Therefore, they are considered hidden from each other. Figure 202 RTS/CTS When station A sends data to the AP, it might not know that the station B is already using the channel. If these two stations send data at the same time, collisions may occur when both sets of data arrive at the AP at the same time, resulting in a loss of messages for both stations. RTS/CTS is designed to prevent collisions due to hidden nodes. An RTS/CTS defines the biggest size data frame you can send before an RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake is invoked. When a data frame exceeds the RTS/CTS value you set (between 0 to 2432 bytes), the station that wants to transmit this frame must first send an RTS

(Request To Send) message to the AP for permission to send it. The AP then responds with a CTS (Clear to Send) message to all other stations within its range to notify them to defer their transmission. It also reserves and confirms with the requesting station the time frame for the requested transmission. Stations can send frames smaller than the specified RTS/CTS directly to the AP without the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake. You should only configure RTS/CTS if the possibility of hidden nodes exists on your network and the "cost" of resending large frames is more than the extra network overhead involved in the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake. If the RTS/CTS value is greater than the Fragmentation Threshold value (see next), then the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake will never occur as data frames will be fragmented before they reach RTS/CTS size. Note: Enabling the RTS Threshold causes redundant network overhead that could negatively affect the throughput performance instead of providing a remedy. 316 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Fragmentation Threshold Appendix D Wireless LANs A Fragmentation Threshold is the maximum data fragment size (between 256 and 2432 bytes) that can be sent in the wireless network before the AP will fragment the packet into smaller data frames. A large Fragmentation Threshold is recommended for networks not prone to interference while you should set a smaller threshold for busy networks or networks that are prone to interference. If the Fragmentation Threshold value is smaller than the RTS/CTS value (see previously) you set then the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake will never occur as data frames will be fragmented before they reach RTS/CTS size. Preamble Type Preamble is used to signal that data is coming to the receiver. Short and long refer to the length of the synchronization field in a packet. Short preamble increases performance as less time sending preamble means more time for sending data. All IEEE 802.11 compliant wireless adapters support long preamble, but not all support short preamble. Use long preamble if you are unsure what preamble mode other wireless devices on the network support, and to provide more reliable communications in busy wireless networks. Use short preamble if you are sure all wireless devices on the network support it, and to provide more efficient communications. Use the dynamic setting to automatically use short preamble when all wireless devices on the network support it, otherwise the ZyXEL Device uses long preamble. Note: The wireless devices MUST use the same preamble mode in order to communicate. IEEE 802.11g Wireless LAN IEEE 802.11g is fully compatible with the IEEE 802.11b standard. This means an IEEE 802.11b adapter can interface directly with an IEEE 802.11g access point

(and vice versa) at 11 Mbps or lower depending on range. IEEE 802.11g has P-870HN-51b Users Guide 317 Appendix D Wireless LANs several intermediate rate steps between the maximum and minimum data rates. The IEEE 802.11g data rate and modulation are as follows:

MODULATION Table 105 IEEE 802.11g DATA RATE

(MBPS) 1 2 5.5 / 11 6/9/12/18/24/36/

48/54 DBPSK (Differential Binary Phase Shift Keyed) DQPSK (Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) CCK (Complementary Code Keying) OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) Wireless Security Overview Wireless security is vital to your network to protect wireless communication between wireless clients, access points and the wired network. Wireless security methods available on the ZyXEL Device are data encryption, wireless client authentication, restricting access by device MAC address and hiding the ZyXEL Device identity. The following figure shows the relative effectiveness of these wireless security methods available on your ZyXEL Device. Table 106 Wireless Security Levels SECURITY LEVEL Least Secure SECURITY TYPE Unique SSID (Default) Unique SSID with Hide SSID Enabled MAC Address Filtering WEP Encryption IEEE802.1x EAP with RADIUS Server Authentication Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) WPA2 Most Secure Note: You must enable the same wireless security settings on the ZyXEL Device and on all wireless clients that you want to associate with it. 318 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Appendix D Wireless LANs IEEE 802.1x In June 2001, the IEEE 802.1x standard was designed to extend the features of IEEE 802.11 to support extended authentication as well as providing additional accounting and control features. It is supported by Windows XP and a number of network devices. Some advantages of IEEE 802.1x are:

User based identification that allows for roaming. Support for RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial In User Service, RFC 2138, 2139) for centralized user profile and accounting management on a network RADIUS server. Support for EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol, RFC 2486) that allows additional authentication methods to be deployed with no changes to the access point or the wireless clients. RADIUS RADIUS is based on a client-server model that supports authentication, authorization and accounting. The access point is the client and the server is the RADIUS server. The RADIUS server handles the following tasks:

Authentication Determines the identity of the users. Authorization Determines the network services available to authenticated users once they are connected to the network. Accounting Keeps track of the clients network activity. RADIUS is a simple package exchange in which your AP acts as a message relay between the wireless client and the network RADIUS server. Types of RADIUS Messages The following types of RADIUS messages are exchanged between the access point and the RADIUS server for user authentication:

Access-Request Sent by an access point requesting authentication. Access-Reject Sent by a RADIUS server rejecting access. Access-Accept Sent by a RADIUS server allowing access. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 319 Appendix D Wireless LANs Access-Challenge Sent by a RADIUS server requesting more information in order to allow access. The access point sends a proper response from the user and then sends another Access-Request message. The following types of RADIUS messages are exchanged between the access point and the RADIUS server for user accounting:

Accounting-Request Sent by the access point requesting accounting. Accounting-Response Sent by the RADIUS server to indicate that it has started or stopped accounting. In order to ensure network security, the access point and the RADIUS server use a shared secret key, which is a password, they both know. The key is not sent over the network. In addition to the shared key, password information exchanged is also encrypted to protect the network from unauthorized access. Types of EAP Authentication This section discusses some popular authentication types: EAP-MD5, EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS, PEAP and LEAP. Your wireless LAN device may not support all authentication types. EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) is an authentication protocol that runs on top of the IEEE 802.1x transport mechanism in order to support multiple types of user authentication. By using EAP to interact with an EAP-compatible RADIUS server, an access point helps a wireless station and a RADIUS server perform authentication. The type of authentication you use depends on the RADIUS server and an intermediary AP(s) that supports IEEE 802.1x. For EAP-TLS authentication type, you must first have a wired connection to the network and obtain the certificate(s) from a certificate authority (CA). A certificate

(also called digital IDs) can be used to authenticate users and a CA issues certificates and guarantees the identity of each certificate owner. EAP-MD5 (Message-Digest Algorithm 5) MD5 authentication is the simplest one-way authentication method. The authentication server sends a challenge to the wireless client. The wireless client proves that it knows the password by encrypting the password with the challenge and sends back the information. Password is not sent in plain text. 320 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Appendix D Wireless LANs However, MD5 authentication has some weaknesses. Since the authentication server needs to get the plaintext passwords, the passwords must be stored. Thus someone other than the authentication server may access the password file. In addition, it is possible to impersonate an authentication server as MD5 authentication method does not perform mutual authentication. Finally, MD5 authentication method does not support data encryption with dynamic session key. You must configure WEP encryption keys for data encryption. EAP-TLS (Transport Layer Security) With EAP-TLS, digital certifications are needed by both the server and the wireless clients for mutual authentication. The server presents a certificate to the client. After validating the identity of the server, the client sends a different certificate to the server. The exchange of certificates is done in the open before a secured tunnel is created. This makes user identity vulnerable to passive attacks. A digital certificate is an electronic ID card that authenticates the senders identity. However, to implement EAP-TLS, you need a Certificate Authority (CA) to handle certificates, which imposes a management overhead. EAP-TTLS (Tunneled Transport Layer Service) EAP-TTLS is an extension of the EAP-TLS authentication that uses certificates for only the server-side authentications to establish a secure connection. Client authentication is then done by sending username and password through the secure connection, thus client identity is protected. For client authentication, EAP-

TTLS supports EAP methods and legacy authentication methods such as PAP, CHAP, MS-CHAP and MS-CHAP v2. PEAP (Protected EAP) Like EAP-TTLS, server-side certificate authentication is used to establish a secure connection, then use simple username and password methods through the secured connection to authenticate the clients, thus hiding client identity. However, PEAP only supports EAP methods, such as EAP-MD5, EAP-MSCHAPv2 and EAP-GTC (EAP-Generic Token Card), for client authentication. EAP-GTC is implemented only by Cisco. LEAP LEAP (Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol) is a Cisco implementation of IEEE 802.1x. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 321 Appendix D Wireless LANs Dynamic WEP Key Exchange The AP maps a unique key that is generated with the RADIUS server. This key expires when the wireless connection times out, disconnects or reauthentication times out. A new WEP key is generated each time reauthentication is performed. If this feature is enabled, it is not necessary to configure a default encryption key in the wireless security configuration screen. You may still configure and store keys, but they will not be used while dynamic WEP is enabled. Note: EAP-MD5 cannot be used with Dynamic WEP Key Exchange For added security, certificate-based authentications (EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS and PEAP) use dynamic keys for data encryption. They are often deployed in corporate environments, but for public deployment, a simple user name and password pair is more practical. The following table is a comparison of the features of authentication types. Table 107 Comparison of EAP Authentication Types Mutual Authentication Certificate Client Certificate Server Dynamic Key Exchange Credential Integrity Deployment Difficulty Client Identity Protection EAP-MD5 No No No No None Easy No EAP-TLS EAP-TTLS Yes Yes Yes Yes Strong Hard No Yes Optional Yes Yes Strong Moderate Yes LEAP PEAP Yes Yes No Optional No Yes Yes Yes Strong Moderate Moderate Moderate Yes No WPA and WPA2 Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) is a subset of the IEEE 802.11i standard. WPA2

(IEEE 802.11i) is a wireless security standard that defines stronger encryption, authentication and key management than WPA. Key differences between WPA or WPA2 and WEP are improved data encryption and user authentication. If both an AP and the wireless clients support WPA2 and you have an external RADIUS server, use WPA2 for stronger data encryption. If you don't have an external RADIUS server, you should use WPA2-PSK (WPA2-Pre-Shared Key) that only requires a single (identical) password entered into each access point, wireless gateway and wireless client. As long as the passwords match, a wireless client will be granted access to a WLAN. 322 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Appendix D Wireless LANs If the AP or the wireless clients do not support WPA2, just use WPA or WPA-PSK depending on whether you have an external RADIUS server or not. Select WEP only when the AP and/or wireless clients do not support WPA or WPA2. WEP is less secure than WPA or WPA2. Encryption WPA improves data encryption by using Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP), Message Integrity Check (MIC) and IEEE 802.1x. WPA2 also uses TKIP when required for compatibility reasons, but offers stronger encryption than TKIP with Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) in the Counter mode with Cipher block chaining Message authentication code Protocol (CCMP). TKIP uses 128-bit keys that are dynamically generated and distributed by the authentication server. AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) is a block cipher that uses a 256-bit mathematical algorithm called Rijndael. They both include a per-

packet key mixing function, a Message Integrity Check (MIC) named Michael, an extended initialization vector (IV) with sequencing rules, and a re-keying mechanism. WPA and WPA2 regularly change and rotate the encryption keys so that the same encryption key is never used twice. The RADIUS server distributes a Pairwise Master Key (PMK) key to the AP that then sets up a key hierarchy and management system, using the PMK to dynamically generate unique data encryption keys to encrypt every data packet that is wirelessly communicated between the AP and the wireless clients. This all happens in the background automatically. The Message Integrity Check (MIC) is designed to prevent an attacker from capturing data packets, altering them and resending them. The MIC provides a strong mathematical function in which the receiver and the transmitter each compute and then compare the MIC. If they do not match, it is assumed that the data has been tampered with and the packet is dropped. By generating unique data encryption keys for every data packet and by creating an integrity checking mechanism (MIC), with TKIP and AES it is more difficult to decrypt data on a Wi-Fi network than WEP and difficult for an intruder to break into the network. The encryption mechanisms used for WPA(2) and WPA(2)-PSK are the same. The only difference between the two is that WPA(2)-PSK uses a simple common password, instead of user-specific credentials. The common-password approach makes WPA(2)-PSK susceptible to brute-force password-guessing attacks but its still an improvement over WEP as it employs a consistent, single, alphanumeric password to derive a PMK which is used to generate unique temporal encryption P-870HN-51b Users Guide 323 Appendix D Wireless LANs keys. This prevent all wireless devices sharing the same encryption keys. (a weakness of WEP) User Authentication WPA and WPA2 apply IEEE 802.1x and Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) to authenticate wireless clients using an external RADIUS database. WPA2 reduces the number of key exchange messages from six to four (CCMP 4-way handshake) and shortens the time required to connect to a network. Other WPA2 authentication features that are different from WPA include key caching and pre-

authentication. These two features are optional and may not be supported in all wireless devices. Key caching allows a wireless client to store the PMK it derived through a successful authentication with an AP. The wireless client uses the PMK when it tries to connect to the same AP and does not need to go with the authentication process again. Pre-authentication enables fast roaming by allowing the wireless client (already connecting to an AP) to perform IEEE 802.1x authentication with another AP before connecting to it. Wireless Client WPA Supplicants A wireless client supplicant is the software that runs on an operating system instructing the wireless client how to use WPA. At the time of writing, the most widely available supplicant is the WPA patch for Windows XP, Funk Software's Odyssey client. The Windows XP patch is a free download that adds WPA capability to Windows XP's built-in "Zero Configuration" wireless client. However, you must run Windows XP to use it. WPA(2) with RADIUS Application Example To set up WPA(2), you need the IP address of the RADIUS server, its port number

(default is 1812), and the RADIUS shared secret. A WPA(2) application example with an external RADIUS server looks as follows. "A" is the RADIUS server. "DS" is the distribution system. 1 2 The AP passes the wireless client's authentication request to the RADIUS server. The RADIUS server then checks the user's identification against its database and grants or denies network access accordingly. 3 A 256-bit Pairwise Master Key (PMK) is derived from the authentication process by the RADIUS server and the client. 324 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Appendix D Wireless LANs 4 The RADIUS server distributes the PMK to the AP. The AP then sets up a key hierarchy and management system, using the PMK to dynamically generate unique data encryption keys. The keys are used to encrypt every data packet that is wirelessly communicated between the AP and the wireless clients. Figure 203 WPA(2) with RADIUS Application Example WPA(2)-PSK Application Example A WPA(2)-PSK application looks as follows. 1 2 3 First enter identical passwords into the AP and all wireless clients. The Pre-Shared Key (PSK) must consist of between 8 and 63 ASCII characters or 64 hexadecimal characters (including spaces and symbols). The AP checks each wireless client's password and allows it to join the network only if the password matches. The AP and wireless clients generate a common PMK (Pairwise Master Key). The key itself is not sent over the network, but is derived from the PSK and the SSID. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 325 Appendix D Wireless LANs 4 The AP and wireless clients use the TKIP or AES encryption process, the PMK and information exchanged in a handshake to create temporal encryption keys. They use these keys to encrypt data exchanged between them. Figure 204 WPA(2)-PSK Authentication Security Parameters Summary Refer to this table to see what other security parameters you should configure for each authentication method or key management protocol type. MAC address filters are not dependent on how you configure these security features. Table 108 Wireless Security Relational Matrix AUTHENTICATION METHOD/ KEY MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL Open ENCRYPTIO N METHOD None No ENTER MANUAL KEY IEEE 802.1X Open WEP Shared WEP No Yes Yes No Yes WPA WPA-PSK WPA2 WPA2-PSK TKIP/AES TKIP/AES TKIP/AES TKIP/AES Yes No Yes No Yes Disable Enable without Dynamic WEP Key Enable with Dynamic WEP Key Enable without Dynamic WEP Key Disable Enable with Dynamic WEP Key Enable without Dynamic WEP Key Disable Enable Disable Enable Disable 326 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Appendix D Wireless LANs Antenna Overview An antenna couples RF signals onto air. A transmitter within a wireless device sends an RF signal to the antenna, which propagates the signal through the air. The antenna also operates in reverse by capturing RF signals from the air. Positioning the antennas properly increases the range and coverage area of a wireless LAN. Antenna Characteristics Frequency An antenna in the frequency of 2.4GHz (IEEE 802.11b and IEEE 802.11g) or 5GHz

(IEEE 802.11a) is needed to communicate efficiently in a wireless LAN Radiation Pattern A radiation pattern is a diagram that allows you to visualize the shape of the antennas coverage area. Antenna Gain Antenna gain, measured in dB (decibel), is the increase in coverage within the RF beam width. Higher antenna gain improves the range of the signal for better communications. For an indoor site, each 1 dB increase in antenna gain results in a range increase of approximately 2.5%. For an unobstructed outdoor site, each 1dB increase in gain results in a range increase of approximately 5%. Actual results may vary depending on the network environment. Antenna gain is sometimes specified in dBi, which is how much the antenna increases the signal power compared to using an isotropic antenna. An isotropic antenna is a theoretical perfect antenna that sends out radio signals equally well in all directions. dBi represents the true gain that the antenna provides. Types of Antennas for WLAN There are two types of antennas used for wireless LAN applications. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 327 Appendix D Wireless LANs Omni-directional antennas send the RF signal out in all directions on a horizontal plane. The coverage area is torus-shaped (like a donut) which makes these antennas ideal for a room environment. With a wide coverage area, it is possible to make circular overlapping coverage areas with multiple access points. Directional antennas concentrate the RF signal in a beam, like a flashlight does with the light from its bulb. The angle of the beam determines the width of the coverage pattern. Angles typically range from 20 degrees (very directional) to 120 degrees (less directional). Directional antennas are ideal for hallways and outdoor point-to-point applications. Positioning Antennas In general, antennas should be mounted as high as practically possible and free of obstructions. In point-topoint application, position both antennas at the same height and in a direct line of sight to each other to attain the best performance. For omni-directional antennas mounted on a table, desk, and so on, point the antenna up. For omni-directional antennas mounted on a wall or ceiling, point the antenna down. For a single AP application, place omni-directional antennas as close to the center of the coverage area as possible. For directional antennas, point the antenna in the direction of the desired coverage area. 328 P-870HN-51b Users Guide APPENDIX E Common Services The following table lists some commonly-used services and their associated protocols and port numbers. For a comprehensive list of port numbers, ICMP type/

code numbers and services, visit the IANA (Internet Assigned Number Authority) web site. Name: This is a short, descriptive name for the service. You can use this one or create a different one, if you like. Protocol: This is the type of IP protocol used by the service. If this is TCP/

UDP, then the service uses the same port number with TCP and UDP. If this is USER-DEFINED, the Port(s) is the IP protocol number, not the port number. Port(s): This value depends on the Protocol. Please refer to RFC 1700 for further information about port numbers. If the Protocol is TCP, UDP, or TCP/UDP, this is the IP port number. If the Protocol is USER, this is the IP protocol number. Description: This is a brief explanation of the applications that use this service or the situations in which this service is used. Table 109 Commonly Used Services NAME AH

(IPSEC_TUNNEL) PROTOCOL User-Defined PORT(S) DESCRIPTION 51 AIM/New-ICQ TCP AUTH BGP BOOTP_CLIENT BOOTP_SERVER CU-SEEME TCP TCP UDP UDP TCP DNS UDP TCP/UDP 5190 113 179 68 67 7648 24032 53 The IPSEC AH (Authentication Header) tunneling protocol uses this service. AOLs Internet Messenger service. It is also used as a listening port by ICQ. Authentication protocol used by some servers. Border Gateway Protocol. DHCP Client. DHCP Server. A popular videoconferencing solution from White Pines Software. Domain Name Server, a service that matches web names (for example www.zyxel.com) to IP numbers. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 329 Appendix E Common Services Table 109 Commonly Used Services (continued) NAME ESP

(IPSEC_TUNNEL) PROTOCOL User-Defined PORT(S) DESCRIPTION 50 FINGER FTP H.323 HTTP HTTPS ICMP TCP TCP TCP TCP TCP TCP 79 20 21 1720 80 443 User-Defined 1 ICQ UDP 4000 IGMP

(MULTICAST) User-Defined 2 IKE IRC UDP TCP/UDP MSN Messenger TCP TCP TCP UDP TCP NEW-ICQ NEWS NFS NNTP PING 500 6667 1863 5190 144 2049 119 User-Defined 1 POP3 TCP 110 The IPSEC ESP (Encapsulation Security Protocol) tunneling protocol uses this service. Finger is a UNIX or Internet related command that can be used to find out if a user is logged on. File Transfer Program, a program to enable fast transfer of files, including large files that may not be possible by e-mail. NetMeeting uses this protocol. Hyper Text Transfer Protocol - a client/server protocol for the world wide web. HTTPS is a secured http session often used in e-commerce. Internet Control Message Protocol is often used for diagnostic or routing purposes. This is a popular Internet chat program. Internet Group Management Protocol is used when sending packets to a specific group of hosts. The Internet Key Exchange algorithm is used for key distribution and management. This is another popular Internet chat program. Microsoft Networks messenger service uses this protocol. An Internet chat program. A protocol for news groups. Network File System - NFS is a client/

server distributed file service that provides transparent file sharing for network environments. Network News Transport Protocol is the delivery mechanism for the USENET newsgroup service. Packet INternet Groper is a protocol that sends out ICMP echo requests to test whether or not a remote host is reachable. Post Office Protocol version 3 lets a client computer get e-mail from a POP3 server through a temporary connection (TCP/IP or other). 330 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Table 109 Commonly Used Services (continued) NAME PPTP PROTOCOL TCP PORT(S) DESCRIPTION 1723 PPTP_TUNNEL

(GRE) User-Defined 47 RCMD REAL_AUDIO TCP TCP REXEC RLOGIN RTELNET RTSP TCP TCP TCP TCP/UDP SFTP SMTP TCP TCP SNMP TCP/UDP SNMP-TRAPS TCP/UDP SQL-NET TCP SSH STRM WORKS SYSLOG TCP/UDP UDP UDP TACACS TELNET UDP TCP 512 7070 514 513 107 554 115 25 161 162 1521 22 1558 514 49 23 Appendix E Common Services Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol enables secure transfer of data over public networks. This is the control channel. PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) enables secure transfer of data over public networks. This is the data channel. Remote Command Service. A streaming audio service that enables real time sound over the web. Remote Execution Daemon. Remote Login. Remote Telnet. The Real Time Streaming (media control) Protocol (RTSP) is a remote control for multimedia on the Internet. Simple File Transfer Protocol. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is the message-exchange standard for the Internet. SMTP enables you to move messages from one e-mail server to another. Simple Network Management Program. Traps for use with the SNMP

(RFC:1215). Structured Query Language is an interface to access data on many different types of database systems, including mainframes, midrange systems, UNIX systems and network servers. Secure Shell Remote Login Program. Stream Works Protocol. Syslog allows you to send system logs to a UNIX server. Login Host Protocol used for (Terminal Access Controller Access Control System). Telnet is the login and terminal emulation protocol common on the Internet and in UNIX environments. It operates over TCP/IP networks. Its primary function is to allow users to log into remote host systems. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 331 Appendix E Common Services Table 109 Commonly Used Services (continued) NAME TFTP PROTOCOL UDP PORT(S) DESCRIPTION 69 VDOLIVE TCP 7000 Trivial File Transfer Protocol is an Internet file transfer protocol similar to FTP, but uses the UDP (User Datagram Protocol) rather than TCP

(Transmission Control Protocol). Another videoconferencing solution. 332 P-870HN-51b Users Guide F APPENDIX Open Software Announcements End-User License Agreement for "P-870HN-51"

Note: WARNING: ZyXEL Communications Corp. IS WILLING TO LICENSE THE ENCLOSED SOFTWARE TO YOU ONLY UPON THE CONDITION THAT YOU ACCEPT ALL OF THE TERMS CONTAINED IN THIS LICENSE AGREEMENT. PLEASE READ THE TERMS CAREFULLY BEFORE COMPLETING THE INSTALLATION PROCESS AS INSTALLING THE SOFTWARE WILL INDICATE YOUR ASSENT TO THEM. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO THESE TERMS, THEN ZyXEL, INC. IS UNWILLING TO LICENSE THE SOFTWARE TO YOU, IN WHICH EVENT YOU SHOULD RETURN THE UNINSTALLED SOFTWARE AND PACKAGING TO THE PLACE FROM WHICH IT WAS ACQUIRED, AND YOUR MONEY WILL BE REFUNDED. 1.Grant of License for Personal Use ZyXEL Communications Corp. ("ZyXEL") grants you a non-exclusive, non-

sublicense, non-transferable license to use the program with which this license is distributed (the "Software"), including any documentation files accompanying the Software ("Documentation"), for internal business use only, for up to the number of users specified in sales order and invoice. You have the right to make one backup copy of the Software and Documentation solely for archival, back-up or disaster recovery purposes. You shall not exceed the scope of the license granted hereunder. Any rights not expressly granted by ZyXEL to you are reserved by ZyXEL, and all implied licenses are disclaimed. 2.Ownership You have no ownership rights in the Software. Rather, you have a license to use the Software as long as this License Agreement remains in full force and effect. Ownership of the Software, Documentation and all intellectual property rights therein shall remain at all times with ZyXEL. Any other use of the Software by any other entity is strictly forbidden and is a violation of this License Agreement. P-663HN-51 Users Guide 333 Appendix F Open Software Announcements 3.Copyright The Software and Documentation contain material that is protected by United States Copyright Law and trade secret law, and by international treaty provisions. All rights not granted to you herein are expressly reserved by ZyXEL. You may not remove any proprietary notice of ZyXEL or any of its licensors from any copy of the Software or Documentation. 4.Restrictions You may not publish, display, disclose, sell, rent, lease, modify, store, loan, distribute, or create derivative works of the Software, or any part thereof. You may not assign, sublicense, convey or otherwise transfer, pledge as security or otherwise encumber the rights and licenses granted hereunder with respect to the Software. Certain components of the Software, and third party open source programs included with the Software, have been or may be made available by ZyXEL listed in the below Table (collectively the Open-Sourced Components) You may modify or replace only these Open-Sourced Components; provided that you comply with the terms of this License and any applicable licensing terms governing use of the Open-Sourced Components, which have been provided on Web Address specified in below Table. ZyXEL is not obligated to provide any maintenance, technical or other support for the resultant modified Software. You may not copy, reverse engineer, decompile, reverse compile, translate, adapt, or disassemble the Software, or any part thereof, nor shall you attempt to create the source code from the object code for the Software. Except as and only to the extent expressly permitted in this License, by applicable licensing terms governing use of the Open-Sourced Components, or by applicable law, you may not market, co-brand, private label or otherwise permit third parties to link to the Software, or any part thereof. You may not use the Software, or any part thereof, in the operation of a service bureau or for the benefit of any other person or entity. You may not cause, assist or permit any third party to do any of the foregoing. Portions of the Software utilize or include third party software and other copyright material. Acknowledgements, licensing terms and disclaimers for such material are contained in the online electronic documentation for the Software as below, and your use of such material is governed by their respective terms. ZyXEL has provided, as part of the Software package, access to certain third party software as a convenience. To the extent that the Software contains third party software, ZyXEL has no express or implied obligation to provide any technical or other support for such software. Please contact the appropriate software vendor or manufacturer directly for technical support and customer service related to its software and products. 334 P-663HN-51 Users Guide Appendix F Open Software Announcements 5.Confidentiality You acknowledge that the Software contains proprietary trade secrets of ZyXEL and you hereby agree to maintain the confidentiality of the Software using at least as great a degree of care as you use to maintain the confidentiality of your own most confidential information. You agree to reasonably communicate the terms and conditions of this License Agreement to those persons employed by you who come into contact with the Software, and to use reasonable best efforts to ensure their compliance with such terms and conditions, including, without limitation, not knowingly permitting such persons to use any portion of the Software for the purpose of deriving the source code of the Software. 6.No Warranty THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS." TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, ZyXEL DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. ZyXEL DOES NOT WARRANT THAT THE FUNCTIONS CONTAINED IN THE SOFTWARE WILL MEET ANY REQUIREMENTS OR NEEDS YOU MAY HAVE, OR THAT THE SOFTWARE WILL OPERATE ERROR FREE, OR IN AN UNINTERUPTED FASHION, OR THAT ANY DEFECTS OR ERRORS IN THE SOFTWARE WILL BE CORRECTED, OR THAT THE SOFTWARE IS COMPATIBLE WITH ANY PARTICULAR PLATFORM. SOME JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE WAIVER OR EXCLUSION OF IMPLIED WARRANTIES SO THEY MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. IF THIS EXCLUSION IS HELD TO BE UNENFORCEABLE BY A COURT OF COMPETENT JURISDICTION, THEN ALL EXPRESS AND IMPLIED WARRANTIES SHALL BE LIMITED IN DURATION TO A PERIOD OF THIRTY (30) DAYS FROM THE DATE OF PURCHASE OF THE SOFTWARE, AND NO WARRANTIES SHALL APPLY AFTER THAT PERIOD. 7.Limitation of Liability IN NO EVENT WILL ZyXEL BE LIABLE TO YOU OR ANY THIRD PARTY FOR ANY INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, PUNITIVE, OR EXEMPLARY DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS, LOSS OF PROFITS, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, OR LOSS OF BUSINESS INFORMATION) ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM, OR FOR ANY CLAIM BY ANY OTHER PARTY, EVEN IF ZyXEL HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. ZyXEL's AGGREGATE LIABILITY WITH RESPECT TO ITS OBLIGATIONS UNDER THIS AGREEMENT OR OTHERWISE WITH RESPECT TO THE SOFTWARE AND DOCUMENTATION OR OTHERWISE SHALL BE EQUAL TO THE PURCHASE PRICE, BUT SHALL IN NO EVENT EXCEED THE PRODUCTS PRICE. BECAUSE SOME STATES/COUNTRIES DO P-663HN-51 Users Guide 335 Appendix F Open Software Announcements NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF LIABILITY FOR CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, THE ABOVE LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. 8.Export Restrictions THIS LICENSE AGREEMENT IS EXPRESSLY MADE SUBJECT TO ANY APPLICABLE LAWS, REGULATIONS, ORDERS, OR OTHER RESTRICTIONS ON THE EXPORT OF THE SOFTWARE OR INFORMATION ABOUT SUCH SOFTWARE WHICH MAY BE IMPOSED FROM TIME TO TIME. YOU SHALL NOT EXPORT THE SOFTWARE, DOCUMENTATION OR INFORMATION ABOUT THE SOFTWARE AND DOCUMENTATION WITHOUT COMPLYING WITH SUCH LAWS, REGULATIONS, ORDERS, OR OTHER RESTRICTIONS. YOU AGREE TO INDEMNIFY ZyXEL AGAINST ALL CLAIMS, LOSSES, DAMAGES, LIABILITIES, COSTS AND EXPENSES, INCLUDING REASONABLE ATTORNEYS' FEES, TO THE EXTENT SUCH CLAIMS ARISE OUT OF ANY BREACH OF THIS SECTION 8. 9.Audit Rights ZyXEL SHALL HAVE THE RIGHT, AT ITS OWN EXPENSE, UPON REASONABLE PRIOR NOTICE, TO PERIODICALLY INSPECT AND AUDIT YOUR RECORDS TO ENSURE YOUR COMPLIANCE WITH THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THIS LICENSE AGREEMENT. 10.Termination This License Agreement is effective until it is terminated. You may terminate this License Agreement at any time by destroying or returning to ZyXEL all copies of the Software and Documentation in your possession or under your control. ZyXEL may terminate this License Agreement for any reason, including, but not limited to, if ZyXEL finds that you have violated any of the terms of this License Agreement. Upon notification of termination, you agree to destroy or return to ZyXEL all copies of the Software and Documentation and to certify in writing that all known copies, including backup copies, have been destroyed. All provisions relating to confidentiality, proprietary rights, and non-disclosure shall survive the termination of this Software License Agreement. 12.General This License Agreement shall be construed, interpreted and governed by the laws of Republic of China without regard to conflicts of laws provisions thereof. The 336 P-663HN-51 Users Guide Appendix F Open Software Announcements exclusive forum for any disputes arising out of or relating to this License Agreement shall be an appropriate court or Commercial Arbitration Association sitting in ROC, Taiwan. This License Agreement shall constitute the entire Agreement between the parties hereto. This License Agreement, the rights granted hereunder, the Software and Documentation shall not be assigned by you without the prior written consent of ZyXEL. Any waiver or modification of this License Agreement shall only be effective if it is in writing and signed by both parties hereto. If any part of this License Agreement is found invalid or unenforceable by a court of competent jurisdiction, the remainder of this License Agreement shall be interpreted so as to reasonably effect the intention of the parties. Note: Some components of this product incorporate source code covered under the open source code licenses. To obtain the source code covered under those Licenses, please check ZyXEL Technical Support to get it. P-663HN-51 Users Guide 337 Appendix F Open Software Announcements End-User License Agreement for "P-870HN-51"

3rd Party Software Version Web Address Of The Software License Term MIPS Linux kernel 2.6.21.5 http://www.linux-mips.org or http://kernel.org Bridge-Utils BusyBox PPP udhcp 1.2 1.0.0 2.4.1 0.9.6 http://bridge.sourceforge.net http://www.busybox.net/

http://www.roaringpenguin.com/pppoe http://udhcp.busybox.net/

dproxy-nexgen http://dproxy.sourceforge.net ebtables bftpd iproute2 iptables zebra dropbear openSSL Siproxd 2.0.6 http://ebtables.sourceforge.net 1.0.24 http://www.bftpd.org/

2.4.7 1.3.8 0.93a 0.46 0.9.7f http://www.linuxgrill.com/anonymous/iproute2 http://www.netfilter.org http://www.zebra.org/

http://matt.ucc.asn.au/dropbear/dropbear.html http://www.openssl.org 0.5.10 http://siproxd.sourceforge.net Micro_httpd http://www.acme.com/

Reaim uclibc net-snmp libosip2 0.8 http://reaim.sourceforge.net 0.9.29 http://www.uclibc.org/

5.0.8 2.0.9 http://net-snmp.sourceforge.net/

ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/osip 338 P-663HN-51 Users Guide APPENDIX G Legal Information Copyright Copyright 2009 by ZyXEL Communications Corporation. The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any part or as a whole, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, translated into any language, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, photocopying, manual, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of ZyXEL Communications Corporation. Published by ZyXEL Communications Corporation. All rights reserved. Disclaimer ZyXEL does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any products, or software described herein. Neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the patent rights of others. ZyXEL further reserves the right to make changes in any products described herein without notice. This publication is subject to change without notice. Trademarks ZyNOS (ZyXEL Network Operating System) is a registered trademark of ZyXEL Communications, Inc. Other trademarks mentioned in this publication are used for identification purposes only and may be properties of their respective owners. Certifications Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Interference Statement The device complies with Part 15 of FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:

This device may not cause harmful interference. P-870HN-51b Users Guide 339 Appendix G Legal Information This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operations. This device has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This device generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy, and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this device does cause harmful interference to radio/television reception, which can be determined by turning the device off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

1 Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. 2 Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver. 3 Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. 4 Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. FCC Radiation Exposure Statement This transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. IEEE 802.11b or 802.11g operation of this product in the U.S.A. is firmware-

limited to channels 1 through 11. To comply with FCC RF exposure compliance requirements, a separation distance of at least 20 cm must be maintained between the antenna of this device and all persons.

340 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Appendix G Legal Information Notices Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment. This device has been designed for the WLAN 2.4 GHz network throughout the EC region and Switzerland, with restrictions in France. This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003. Cet appareil numrique de la classe B est conforme la norme NMB-003 du Canada. Viewing Certifications 1 Go to http://www.zyxel.com. 2 Select your product on the ZyXEL home page to go to that product's page. 3 Select the certification you wish to view from this page. ZyXEL Limited Warranty ZyXEL warrants to the original end user (purchaser) that this product is free from any defects in materials or workmanship for a period of up to two years from the date of purchase. During the warranty period, and upon proof of purchase, should the product have indications of failure due to faulty workmanship and/or materials, ZyXEL will, at its discretion, repair or replace the defective products or components without charge for either parts or labor, and to whatever extent it shall deem necessary to restore the product or components to proper operating condition. Any replacement will consist of a new or re-manufactured functionally equivalent product of equal or higher value, and will be solely at the discretion of ZyXEL. This warranty shall not apply if the product has been modified, misused, tampered with, damaged by an act of God, or subjected to abnormal working conditions. Note Repair or replacement, as provided under this warranty, is the exclusive remedy of the purchaser. This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, express or implied, including any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular use or P-870HN-51b Users Guide 341 Appendix G Legal Information purpose. ZyXEL shall in no event be held liable for indirect or consequential damages of any kind to the purchaser. To obtain the services of this warranty, contact your vendor. You may also refer to the warranty policy for the region in which you bought the device at http://

www.zyxel.com/web/support_warranty_info.php. Registration Register your product online to receive e-mail notices of firmware upgrades and information at www.zyxel.com. 342 P-870HN-51b Users Guide Index Index A ACS 193 Advanced Encryption Standard See AES. AES 323 ALG 142 alternative subnet mask notation 304 antenna 253 directional 328 gain 327 omni-directional 328 AP (access point) 315 Application Layer Gateway 142 applications Internet access 22 ATM Adaptation Layer 5 (AAL5) 86 Auto Configuration Server, see ACS 193 auto-negotiating 256 B backup 236 Basic Service Set, See BSS 313 blinking LEDs 25 broadcast 91 BSS 313 C CA 153, 321 Canonical Format Indicator See CFI CBR (Continuous Bit Rate) 72 CCMs 241 certificate details 158 factory default 154 Certificate Authority See CA. certificates 153 authentication 153 CA creating 155 importing 156, 160 public key 153 replacing 154 storage space 154 Certification Authority 153 Certification Authority. see CA certifications 339 notices 341 viewing 341 CFI 91 CFM 241 CCMs 241 link trace test 242 loopback test 242 MA 241 MD 241 MEP 241 MIP 241 channel 315 interference 315 channel ID 105 configuration 94, 97 Connectivity Check Messages, see CCMs copyright 339 CoS 189 CoS technologies 178 CPU usage 57 creating certificates 155 CTS (Clear to Send) 316 D date and time 57 default 238 P-870HN-51b Users Guide 343 Index default LAN IP address 49 DHCP 64, 94, 97, 98, 191 DHCP client 64 DHCP client list 64 DHCP relay 254 DHCP server 254 diagnostic 242 Differentiated Services, see DiffServ 189 DiffServ 189 marking rule 190 digital IDs 153 disclaimer 339 DNS 95 DNS server address assignment 91 Domain Name 143 domain name system see DNS Domain Name System. See DNS. DS field 190 DS, dee differentiated services DSCP 189 DSL interface 68 dynamic DNS 191 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. See DHCP. dynamic WEP key exchange 322 DYNDNS wildcard 191 E EAP Authentication 320 EAP-MD5 257 ECHO 143 encapsulated routing link protocol (ENET ENCAP) 85 Encapsulation 85 MER 85 PPP over Ethernet 85 PPPoA 86 encapsulation ENET ENCAP 85 RFC 1483 86 encryption 323 WEP 109 ESS 314 ESSID 57 Extended Service Set IDentification 106 Extended Service Set, See ESS 314 external antenna 257 external RADIUS 257 F FCC interference statement 339 Finger 143 firmware upload 234 upload error 235 firmware version 56 fragmentation threshold 317 frequency range 257 FTP 134, 143 H hidden node 315 host 226 host name 56 HTTP 143, 147, 148 HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) 234 humidity 253 I IANA 99, 310 IBSS 313 IEEE 802.11g 317 IEEE 802.11g wireless LAN 257 IEEE 802.11i 257 IEEE 802.1Q 90 IGMP 91, 94, 99 version 91 IGMP proxy 256 IGMP v1 256 344 P-870HN-51b Users Guide IGMP v2 256 importing certificates 156, 160 Independent Basic Service Set See IBSS 313 initialization vector (IV) 323 install UPnP 201 Windows Me 201 Windows XP 203 internal routing table 60 Internet access 22 Internet Assigned Numbers Authority See IANA 310 IP Address 142 IP address 98 IP Address Assignment 88 IP alias 255 IP filter basics 147 creating or eiding rules 150 introduction 147 policies 148 IP multicasting 256 IP pool 96 IP pool setup 98 L LAN statistics 63 LAN TCP/IP 98 LAN-Side DSL CPE Configuration 195 LBR 242 link trace 242 Link Trace Message, see LTM Link Trace Response, see LTR logs 229 overview 229 settings 230 Loop Back Response, see LBR loopback 242 LTM 242 LTR 242 Index M MA 241 MAC 56 MAC address 56 MAC address filter action 113 MAC filter 112, 113 Maintenance Association, see MA Maintenance Domain, see MD Maintenance End Point, see MEP managing the device good habits 22 Maximum Burst Size (MBS) 73, 87 MD 241 memory usage 57 MEP 241 Message Integrity Check (MIC) 323 MTU (Multi-Tenant Unit) 90 multicast 91, 94, 99 multi-mode 256 multiplexing 86 LLC-based 86 VC-based 86 multiprotocol encapsulation 86 N NAT 98, 133, 309 default server 142 DMZ host 142 external port 135 internal port 135 port forwarding 134 port number 134, 143 services 143 Symmetric 89 NAT example 144 NAT traversal 199 Network Address Translation, see NAT NNTP 143 P-870HN-51b Users Guide 345 Index O OAM Ping Test 245 operation humidity 253 operation temperature 253 P Packet Transfer Mode 68 Pairwise Master Key (PMK) 323, 325 Peak Cell Rate (PCR) 73, 87 Per-Hop Behavior, see PHB 190 PHB 190 Point to Point Protocol over ATM Adaptation Layer 5 (AAL5) 86 Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol 144 POP3 143, 147, 148 ports 25 power adaptor 257 power specifications 253 PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) Link Layer Protocol 256 PPPoE 85 Benefits 85 PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet) 255 PPTP 144 preamble mode 317 product registration 342 PSK 323 PTM 68 Q QoS 177, 189 marking 178 setup 177 tagging 178 versus CoS 178 Quality of Service, see QoS Quick Start Guide 49 R RADIUS 257, 319 message types 319 messages 319 shared secret key 320 registration product 342 related documentation 3 remote management TR-069 193 Remote Procedure Calls, see RPCs 193 resetting your device 26 restore 237 RFC 1058. See RIP. RFC 1389. See RIP. RFC 1483 86 RFC 1631 133 RFC 2131. See DHCP. RFC 2132. See DHCP RFC 2516 255 RIP 94, 175 Routing Information Protocol see RIP route status 61 router features 22 routing information 60 Routing Information Protocol. See RIP RPPCs 193 RTS (Request To Send) 316 threshold 315, 316 S safety warnings 7 service access control 196 Service Set 106 Services 143 SIP ALG 142 SIP Application Layer Gateway 142 SMTP 143 SNMP 143 SNMP trap 144 346 P-870HN-51b Users Guide static route 167, 171, 175 static VLAN status indicators 25 storage humidity 253 storage temperature 253 subnet 301 subnet mask 98, 302 subnetting 304 Sustain Cell Rate (SCR) 73 Sustained Cell Rate (SCR) 87 Symmetric NAT 89 Symmetric NAT, Outgoing 90 syntax conventions 5 system name 56 T Tag Control Information See TCI Tag Protocol Identifier See TPID TCI TCP/IP 147 temperature 253 Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) 323 TLS 257 TPID 90 TR-064 195 TR-069 193 ACS setup 193 authentication 194 trademarks 339 traffic shaping 86 transparent bridging 256 TTLS 257 U unicast 91 Universal Plug and Play 199 application 200 UPnP 199 forum 200 security issues 200 P-870HN-51b Users Guide V VC permanent virtual circuit see PVC VID Virtual Circuit (VC) 86 Virtual Local Area Network See VLAN VLAN 90 Introduction 90 number of possible VIDs priority frame static VLAN ID 90 VLAN Identifier See VID VLAN tag 90 W WAN (Wide Area Network) 67 WAN interface 59 WAN statistics 59 warranty 341 note 341 Web Configurator 49 WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) 257 WEP encryption 110 Wi-Fi Protected Access 322 Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) 257 wireless client WPA supplicants 324 wireless LAN MAC address filtering 257 wireless security 318 wireless station list 62 Wireless tutorial 27, 37 WLAN interference 315 security parameters 326 WLAN button 26 WPA 322 key caching 324 pre-authentication 324 user authentication 324 vs WPA-PSK 323 wireless client supplicant 324 Index 347 Index with RADIUS application example 324 WPA2 322 user authentication 324 vs WPA2-PSK 323 wireless client supplicant 324 with RADIUS application example 324 WPA2-Pre-Shared Key 322 WPA2-PSK 322, 323 application example 325 WPA-PSK 323 application example 325 WPS status 57 348 P-870HN-51b Users Guide