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1 | Manual | Users Manual | 3.50 MiB | August 10 2009 |
NBG-419N Wireless N Home Router Company Confidential Firmware Version 1.0 Edition 2, 5/2009 Default Login Details www.zyxel.com IP Address Password http://192.168.1.1 www.zyxel.com 1234 Copyright 2009 ZyXEL Communications Corporation Company Confidential About This User's Guide Supporting Disc ZyXEL Web Site Intended Audience Refer to the included CD for support documents. Related Documentation Quick Start Guide About This User's Guide Please refer to www.zyxel.com for additional support documentation and product certifications. The Quick Start Guide is designed to help you get up and running right away. It contains information on setting up your network and configuring for Internet access. This manual is intended for people who want to configure the NBG-419N using the Web Configurator. You should have at least a basic knowledge of TCP/IP networking concepts and topology. Company Confidential Help us help you. Send all User Guide-related comments, questions or suggestions for improvement to the following address, or use e-mail instead. Thank you!
The Technical Writing Team, ZyXEL Communications Corp., 6 Innovation Road II, Science-Based Industrial Park, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan. E-mail: techwriters@zyxel.com.tw User Guide Feedback NBG-419N Users Guide 3 About This User's Guide Customer Support Product model and serial number. Brief description of the problem and the steps you took to solve it. Warranty Information. Date that you received your device. In the event of problems that cannot be solved by using this manual, you should contact your vendor. If you cannot contact your vendor, then contact a ZyXEL office for the region in which you bought the device. See http://www.zyxel.com/
web/contact_us.php for contact information. Please have the following information ready when you contact an office. Company Confidential 4 NBG-419N Users Guide Document Conventions Warnings and Notes product or the system in this Users Guide.
[ENTER] means the enter or return key on your keyboard. need to configure or helpful tips) or recommendations. These are how warnings and notes are shown in this Users Guide. Note: Notes tell you other important information (for example, other things you may Document Conventions Warnings tell you about things that could harm you or your device. Syntax Conventions The NBG-419N may be referred to as the NBG-419N, the device, the Product labels, screen names, field labels and field choices are all in bold font. A key stroke is denoted by square brackets and uppercase text, for example, Company Confidential example, Maintenance > Log > Log Setting means you first click Maintenance in the navigation panel, then the Log sub menu and finally the Log Setting tab to get to that screen.
[ENTER] key. Select or choose means for you to use one of the predefined choices. For example, k for kilo may denote 1000 or 1024, M for mega may denote 1000000 or 1048576 and so on. e.g., is a shorthand for for instance, and i.e., means that is or in other Units of measurement may denote the metric value or the scientific value. A right angle bracket ( > ) within a screen name denotes a mouse click. For Enter means for you to type one or more characters and then press the words. NBG-419N Users Guide 5 Document Conventions Icons Used in Figures Server Switch Router Modem Firewall Computer Telephone NBG-419N Notebook computer Figures in this Users Guide may use the following generic icons. The NBG-419N icon is not an exact representation of your device. Company Confidential 6 NBG-419N Users Guide Safety Warnings pool. of electric shock from lightning. North America or 230V AC in Europe). Safety Warnings product where anyone can walk on the power adaptor or cord. Do NOT use the device if the power adaptor or cord is damaged as it might cause Do NOT allow anything to rest on the po wer adaptor or cord and do NOT place the Do NOT use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming dangerous high voltage points or other risks. ONLY qualified service personnel should service or disassemble this device. Please contact your vendor for further information. Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device. Do NOT open the device or unit. Opening or removing covers can expose you to Do NOT expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids. Do NOT store things on the device. Do NOT install, use, or service this device during a thunderstorm. There is a remote risk Make sure to connect the cables to the correct ports. Place connecting cables carefully so that no one will step on them or stumble over them. Always disconnect all cables from this device before servicing or disassembling. Use ONLY an appropriate power adaptor or cord for your device. Connect the power adaptor or cord to the righ t supply voltage (for example, 110V AC in Company Confidential Your product is marked with this symbol, which is known as the WEEE mark. WEEE stands for Waste Electronics and Electrical Equipment. It means that used electrical and electronic products should not be mixed with general waste. Used electrical and electronic equipment should be treated separately. If the power adaptor or cord is damaged, remove it from the power outlet. Do NOT attempt to repair the power adaptor or cord. Contact your local vendor to order Antenna Warning! This device meets ETSI and FCC certification requirements when using Do not use the device outside, and make sure all the connections are indoors. There is a If you wall mount your device, make sure that no electrical lines, gas or water pipes will Do NOT obstruct the device ventilation slots, as insufficient airflow may harm your the included antenna(s). Only use the included antenna(s). remote risk of electric shock from lightning. electrocution. be damaged. a new one. device. NBG-419N Users Guide 7 Safety Warnings Company Confidential 8 NBG-419N Users Guide Contents Overview Contents Overview Introduction ............................................................................................................................19 Network ...................................................................................................................................97 Getting to Know Your NBG-419N ..............................................................................................21 Connection Wizard ....................................................................................................................25 Introducing the Web Configurator ..............................................................................................37 Monitor .......................................................................................................................................43 NBG-419N Modes .....................................................................................................................49 Easy Mode .................................................................................................................................51 Router Mode ..............................................................................................................................63 Access Point Mode ....................................................................................................................71 WISP Mode ...............................................................................................................................79 Tutorials .....................................................................................................................................89 Company Confidential Wireless LAN .............................................................................................................................99 WAN ........................................................................................................................................119 LAN ..........................................................................................................................................135 DHCP Server ...........................................................................................................................139 Network Address Translation (NAT) ........................................................................................143 Dynamic DNS ..........................................................................................................................151 Static Route .............................................................................................................................153 RIP ...........................................................................................................................................157 Maintenance ............................................................................................................................197 Password .................................................................................................................................199 Time .........................................................................................................................................201 Firmware Upgrade ...................................................................................................................205 Backup/Restore .......................................................................................................................207 Bandwidth Management ..........................................................................................................173 Remote Management ..............................................................................................................183 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) .............................................................................................187 Firewall ....................................................................................................................................161 Content Filter ...........................................................................................................................167 Security .................................................................................................................................159 Management .........................................................................................................................171 Maintenance and Troubleshooting ....................................................................................195 NBG-419N Users Guide 9 Contents Overview Appendices and Index .........................................................................................................231 Reset/Restart ...........................................................................................................................211 Sys OP Mode ..........................................................................................................................213 Troubleshooting .......................................................................................................................217 Company Confidential 10 NBG-419N Users Guide Table of Contents Table of Contents Contents Overview...................................................................................................................9 About This User's Guide..........................................................................................................3 Table of Contents....................................................................................................................11 Safety Warnings........................................................................................................................7 Document Conventions............................................................................................................5 Part I: Introduction.................................................................................19 Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your NBG-419N..........................................................................................21 Company Confidential 2.1 Overview ..............................................................................................................................25 2.2 Accessing the Wizard ..........................................................................................................25 2.3 Connect to Internet ..............................................................................................................26 2.3.1 Connection Type: DHCP ............................................................................................27 2.3.2 Connection Type: Static IP .........................................................................................28 2.3.3 Connection Type: PPPoE ..........................................................................................28 2.3.4 Connection Type: PPTP .............................................................................................30 2.3.5 Connection Type: L2TP .............................................................................................31 2.4 Router Password .................................................................................................................33 2.5 Wireless Security .................................................................................................................33 2.5.1 Wireless Security: No Security ...................................................................................33 2.5.2 Wireless Security: WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK .................................................................34 1.1 Overview ..............................................................................................................................21 1.2 Applications .........................................................................................................................21 1.3 Ways to Manage the NBG-419N .........................................................................................22 1.4 Good Habits for Managing the NBG-419N ..........................................................................22 1.5 LEDs ....................................................................................................................................22 Chapter 3 Introducing the Web Configurator........................................................................................37 Chapter 2 Connection Wizard.................................................................................................................25 3.1 Overview ..............................................................................................................................37 NBG-419N Users Guide 11 Table of Contents Chapter 5 NBG-419N Modes....................................................................................................................49 Chapter 4 Monitor.....................................................................................................................................43 5.1 Overview ..............................................................................................................................49 5.1.1 Web Configurator Modes ...........................................................................................49 5.1.2 Device Modes ............................................................................................................49 3.2 Accessing the Web Configurator .........................................................................................37 3.2.1 Login Screen ..............................................................................................................38 3.2.2 Password Screen .......................................................................................................39 3.2.3 Home Screen .............................................................................................................39 3.3 Resetting the NBG-419N .....................................................................................................41 3.3.1 Procedure to Use the Reset Button ...........................................................................42 4.1 Overview ..............................................................................................................................43 4.2 What You Can Do ................................................................................................................43 4.3 BW MGMT Monitor ..............................................................................................................43 4.4 DHCP Table .....................................................................................................................44 4.5 Packet Statistics ...............................................................................................................45 4.6 WLAN Station Status .......................................................................................................46 Company Confidential 6.1 Overview ..............................................................................................................................51 6.2 What You Can Do ................................................................................................................52 6.3 What You Need to Know .....................................................................................................52 6.4 Navigation Panel .................................................................................................................53 6.5 Network Map .......................................................................................................................53 6.6 Control Panel .......................................................................................................................54 6.6.1 Game Engine .............................................................................................................55 6.6.2 Power Saving .............................................................................................................56 6.6.3 Content Filter ..............................................................................................................57 6.6.4 Bandwidth MGMT ......................................................................................................58 6.6.5 Firewall .......................................................................................................................58 6.6.6 Wireless Security .......................................................................................................59 6.6.7 WPS ...........................................................................................................................60 6.7 Status Screen in Easy Mode ...............................................................................................61 Chapter 6 Easy Mode...............................................................................................................................51 Chapter 7 Router Mode............................................................................................................................63 7.1 Overview ..............................................................................................................................63 7.2 What You Can Do ................................................................................................................63 12 NBG-419N Users Guide Table of Contents 7.3 Status Screen ......................................................................................................................64 7.3.1 Navigation Panel ........................................................................................................67 Chapter 9 WISP Mode..............................................................................................................................79 Chapter 8 Access Point Mode.................................................................................................................71 8.1 Overview ..............................................................................................................................71 8.2 What You Can Do ................................................................................................................71 8.3 What You Need to Know .....................................................................................................72 8.3.1 Setting your NBG-419N to AP Mode ..........................................................................72 8.3.2 Accessing the Web Configurator in Access Point Mode ............................................73 8.3.3 Configuring your WLAN, Bandwidth Management and Maintenance Settings ..........73 8.4 AP Mode Status Screen ......................................................................................................74 8.5 LAN Screen .........................................................................................................................76 Company Confidential 9.1 Overview ..............................................................................................................................79 9.2 What You Can Do ................................................................................................................79 9.3 What You Need to Know .....................................................................................................80 9.3.1 Setting your NBG-419N to WISP Mode .....................................................................80 9.3.2 Accessing the Web Configurator in WISP Mode ........................................................80 9.4 WISP Mode Status Screen ..................................................................................................81 9.5 Wireless LAN General Screen .............................................................................................84 9.5.1 Static WEP .................................................................................................................85 9.5.2 WPA(2)-PSK ..............................................................................................................87 9.5.3 Advance Screen .........................................................................................................88 10.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................89 10.2 Connecting to the Internet from an Access Point ..............................................................89 10.3 Configuring Wireless Security Using WPS ........................................................................89 10.3.1 Push Button Configuration (PBC) ............................................................................90 10.3.2 PIN Configuration .....................................................................................................91 10.4 Enabling and Configuring Wireless Security (No WPS) ....................................................93 10.4.1 Configure Your Notebook .........................................................................................94 Chapter 11 Wireless LAN...........................................................................................................................99 Chapter 10 Tutorials...................................................................................................................................89 Part II: Network.......................................................................................97 NBG-419N Users Guide 13 Table of Contents Chapter 12 WAN.......................................................................................................................................119 11.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................99 11.2 What You Can Do ............................................................................................................100 11.3 What You Should Know ...................................................................................................100 11.3.1 Wireless Security Overview ...................................................................................100 11.4 General Wireless LAN Screen ........................................................................................103 11.4.1 No Security .............................................................................................................104 11.4.2 WEP Encryption .....................................................................................................105 11.4.3 WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK ...........................................................................................108 11.5 MAC Filter ........................................................................................................................109 11.6 Wireless LAN Advanced Screen .....................................................................................110 11.7 Quality of Service (QoS) Screen .....................................................................................111 11.8 WPS Screen ....................................................................................................................112 11.9 WPS Station Screen ........................................................................................................113 11.10 Scheduling Screen ........................................................................................................114 11.11 WDS Screen ..................................................................................................................115 Company Confidential 12.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................119 12.2 What You Can Do ............................................................................................................119 12.3 What You Need To Know ................................................................................................120 12.3.1 Configuring Your Internet Connection ....................................................................120 12.3.2 Multicast .................................................................................................................121 12.4 Internet Connection .........................................................................................................122 12.4.1 Ethernet Encapsulation ..........................................................................................122 12.4.2 PPPoE Encapsulation ............................................................................................124 12.4.3 PPTP Encapsulation ..............................................................................................126 12.4.4 L2TP Encapsulation ...............................................................................................129 12.5 Advanced WAN Screen ...................................................................................................132 12.6 IGMP Snooping Screen ...................................................................................................132 13.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................135 13.2 What You Can Do ............................................................................................................135 13.3 What You Need To Know ................................................................................................136 13.3.1 IP Pool Setup .........................................................................................................136 13.3.2 LAN TCP/IP ............................................................................................................136 13.3.3 IP Alias ...................................................................................................................137 13.4 LAN IP Screen .................................................................................................................137 13.5 IP Alias Screen ................................................................................................................138 Chapter 13 LAN.........................................................................................................................................135 Chapter 14 DHCP Server..........................................................................................................................139 14 NBG-419N Users Guide Table of Contents Chapter 15 Network Address Translation (NAT)...................................................................................143 Chapter 16 Dynamic DNS........................................................................................................................151 14.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................139 14.2 What You Can Do ............................................................................................................139 14.3 General Screen ...............................................................................................................139 14.4 Advanced Screen .........................................................................................................140 16.1 Overview .........................................................................................................................151 16.2 What You Can Do ............................................................................................................151 16.3 What You Need To Know ................................................................................................151 16.4 Dynamic DNS Screen ....................................................................................................152 15.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................143 15.2 What You Can Do ............................................................................................................144 15.3 General NAT Screen .......................................................................................................144 15.4 NAT Application Screen ................................................................................................145 15.5 NAT Advanced Screen ....................................................................................................147 15.5.1 Trigger Port Forwarding Example ..........................................................................149 15.5.2 Two Points To Remember About Trigger Ports .....................................................149 Company Confidential 17.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................153 17.2 What You Can Do ............................................................................................................153 17.3 IP Static Route Screen ...................................................................................................154 18.1 Overview .........................................................................................................................157 18.2 What You Can Do ............................................................................................................157 18.3 RIP Screen ....................................................................................................................157 19.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................161 19.2 What You Can Do ............................................................................................................162 19.3 What You Need To Know ................................................................................................162 Chapter 17 Static Route...........................................................................................................................153 Chapter 19 Firewall...................................................................................................................................161 Chapter 18 RIP..........................................................................................................................................157 Part III: Security....................................................................................159 NBG-419N Users Guide 15 Table of Contents 19.4 General Firewall Screen ...............................................................................................163 19.5 Services Screen ...........................................................................................................163 Part IV: Management...........................................................................171 Chapter 21 Bandwidth Management.......................................................................................................173 Chapter 20 Content Filter.........................................................................................................................167 20.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................167 20.2 What You Can Do ............................................................................................................167 20.3 What You Need To Know ................................................................................................167 20.3.1 Content Filtering Profiles ........................................................................................167 20.4 Content Filter Screen .......................................................................................................168 Company Confidential 21.1 Overview .........................................................................................................................173 21.2 What You Can Do ............................................................................................................173 21.3 What You Need To Know ................................................................................................174 21.4 General Screen ..............................................................................................................174 21.5 Advanced Screen ...........................................................................................................175 21.5.1 Rule Configuration: Application Rule Configuration ............................................178 21.5.2 Rule Configuration: User Defined Service Rule Configuration ............................179 21.6 Monitor Screen ................................................................................................................180 21.6.1 Predefined Bandwidth Management Services .......................................................181 22.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................183 22.2 What You Can Do ............................................................................................................183 22.3 What You Need to Know .................................................................................................183 22.3.1 Remote Management and NAT .............................................................................184 22.3.2 System Timeout ....................................................................................................184 22.4 WWW Screen ...............................................................................................................184 23.1 Overview .........................................................................................................................187 23.2 What You Can Do ............................................................................................................187 23.3 What You Need to Know .................................................................................................187 23.3.1 NAT Traversal ........................................................................................................187 23.3.2 Cautions with UPnP ...............................................................................................188 Chapter 22 Remote Management............................................................................................................183 Chapter 23 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)..........................................................................................187 16 NBG-419N Users Guide Table of Contents Part V: Maintenance and Troubleshooting........................................195 Chapter 24 Maintenance..........................................................................................................................197 Chapter 25 Password...............................................................................................................................199 24.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................197 24.2 What You Can Do ............................................................................................................197 24.3 General Screen ..............................................................................................................197 23.4 UPnP Screen ..................................................................................................................188 23.5 Technical Refereance ......................................................................................................189 23.5.1 Using UPnP in Windows XP Example ...................................................................189 23.5.2 Web Configurator Easy Access .............................................................................191 25.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................199 25.2 What You Can Do ............................................................................................................199 25.3 What You Need to Know .................................................................................................199 25.4 Password Screen ............................................................................................................200 Company Confidential 26.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................201 26.2 What You Can Do ............................................................................................................201 26.3 Time Setting Screen ........................................................................................................201 27.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................205 27.2 What You Can Do ............................................................................................................205 27.3 Firmware Upload Screen .................................................................................................205 28.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................207 28.2 What You Can Do ............................................................................................................207 28.3 Configuration Screen .......................................................................................................208 Chapter 26 Time........................................................................................................................................201 Chapter 29 Reset/Restart.........................................................................................................................211 Chapter 28 Backup/Restore.....................................................................................................................207 Chapter 27 Firmware Upgrade................................................................................................................205 29.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................211 NBG-419N Users Guide 17 Monitor (43) NBG-419N Modes (49) Connection Wizard (25) Getting to Know Your NBG-419N (21) Introducing the Web Configurator (37) PART I Introduction Company Confidential Tutorials (89) 19 Company Confidential 20 1.1 Overview This chapter introduces the main features and applications of the NBG-419N. The NBG-419N extends the range of your existing wired network without additional wiring, providing easy network access to mobile users. You can set up a wireless network with other IEEE 802.11b/g/n compatible devices. A range of services such as a firewall and content filtering are also available for secure Internet computing. You can use media bandwidth management to efficiently manage traffic on your network. Bandwidth management features allow you to prioritize time-sensitive or highly important applications such as Voice over the Internet (VoIP). CHAPTER 1 Getting to Know Your NBG-419N Company Confidential WAN. Connect to a broadband modem/router for Internet access. Figure 1 NBG-419N Network Wired. You can connect network devices via the Ethernet ports of the NBG-
Wireless. Wireless clients can connect to the NBG-419N to access network 419N so that they can communicate with each other and access the Internet. 1.2 Applications Your can create the following networks using the NBG-419N:
resources. NBG-419N Users Guide 21 Chapter 1Getting to Know Your NBG-419N 419N using a (supported) web browser. 1.3 Ways to Manage the NBG-419N Use any of the following methods to manage the NBG-419N. wireless function on and off without opening the Web Configurator. consists of different types of characters, such as numbers and letters. Change the password. Use a password thats not easy to guess and that Wireless switch. You can use the built-in switch of the NBG-419N to turn the Web Configurator. This is recommended for everyday management of the NBG-
Do the following things regularly to make the NBG-419N more secure and to manage the NBG-419N more effectively. 1.4 Good Habits for Managing the NBG-419N WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup) button. You can use the WPS button or the WPS section of the Web Configurator to set up a wireless network with your ZyXEL Device. Company Confidential Restoring an earlier working configuration may be useful if the device becomes unstable or even crashes. If you forget your password, you will have to reset the NBG-419N to its factory default settings. If you backed up an earlier configuration file, you would not have to totally re-configure the NBG-419N. You could simply restore your last configuration. Back up the configuration (and make sure you know how to restore it). Write down the password and put it in a safe place. 1.5 LEDs Figure 2 Front Panel 22 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 1Getting to Know Your NBG-419N The following table describes the LEDs and the WPS button. connection. the wireless LAN. functioning properly. with a wireless client. WPSGreenOnWPS is enabled. receiving data through the wireless LAN. OffThe NBG-419N is not receiving power. OffThe wireless LAN is not ready or has failed. OffThe wireless LAN is not ready or has failed. BlinkingThe NBG-419N is negotiating a WPS connection BlinkingThe NBG-419N is sending/receiving data through WLANGreenOnThe NBG-419N is ready, but is not sending/
WANGreenOnThe NBG-419N has a successful 10/100MB WAN Table 1 Front Panel LEDs and WPS Button LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION POWERGreenOnThe NBG-419N is receiving power and Company Confidential LAN 1-4GreenOnThe NBG-419N has a successful 10/100MB BlinkingThe NBG-419N is sending/receiving data through BlinkingThe NBG-419N is sending/receiving data through OffThe WAN connection is not ready, or has failed. OffThe LAN is not connected. Ethernet connection. the WAN. the LAN. NBG-419N Users Guide 23 Chapter 1Getting to Know Your NBG-419N Company Confidential 24 NBG-419N Users Guide 2.1 Overview CHAPTER 2 2.2 Accessing the Wizard This chapter provides information on the wizard setup screens in the Web Configurator. Connection Wizard The Web Configurators wizard setup helps you configure your device to access the Internet. Refer to your ISP for your Internet account information. Leave a field blank if you dont have that information. Company Confidential Launch your web browser and type "http://192.168.1.1" as the website address. Type "1234" (default) as the password and click Login. The Wizard screen opens. Choose your Language and click Connect to Internet. Note: The Wizard appears when the NBG-419N is accessed for the first time or when you reset the NBG-419N to its default factory settings. Figure 3 Welcome NBG-419N Users Guide 25 Chapter 2Connection Wizard 2.3 Connect to Internet Internet connection is up and running. Figure 4 Detecting your Internet Connection Type Note: If you get an error message, check your hardware connections. Make sure your If the wizard does not detect a connection type, you must select one from the drop-down list box. Check with your ISP to make sure you use the correct type. The following screen depends on your Internet connection type. Enter the details provided by your Internet Service Provider (ISP) in the fields (if any). The NBG-419N offers five Internet connection types. They are Static IP, DHCP, PPPoE, PPTP or L2TP. The wizard attempts to detect which WAN connection type you are using. Company Confidential Table 2 Internet Connection Type CONNECTION DESCRIPTION TYPE Static IPSelect the Your NBG-419N detects the following Internet Connection type. Figure 5 Internet Connection Type Static IP if an administrator assigns the IP address of DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) option when the WAN port is used as a regular Ethernet. DHCPSelect the your computer. 26 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 2Connection Wizard L2TPSelect the PPTPSelect the L2TP (Layer 2 Tunnel Protocol) if you are connecting to another device over another network (like the Internet or VPN). Figure 6 Internet Connection Type: DHCP Table 2 Internet Connection Type CONNECTION DESCRIPTION TYPE PPPoE 2.3.1 Connection Type: DHCP Select the PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet) option for a dial-up connection. PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) option for a dial-up connection, and your ISP gave you an IP address and/or subnet mask. Choose DHCP as the Internet Connection Type when the WAN port is used as a regular Ethernet. Click Next. Company Confidential wrong Internet Connection type. Click Back, make sure your Internet connection is working and select the right Connection Type. Contact your ISP if you are not sure of your Internet Connection type. Note: If you get an error screen after clicking Next, you might have selected the NBG-419N Users Guide 27 Chapter 2Connection Wizard 2.3.2 Connection Type: Static IP The following table describes the labels in this screen. Figure 7 Internet Connection Type: Static IP Choose Static IP as the Internet Connection Type if your ISP assigned an IP address for your Internet connection. Click Next. Company Confidential Enter the IP address provided by your ISP. Enter the IP subnet mask in this field. Enter the gateway IP address in this field. DNS (Domain Name System) is for mapping a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice versa. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must know the IP address of a computer before you can access it. The NBG-419N uses a system DNS server (in the order you specify here) to resolve domain names for DDNS and the time server. Table 3 Internet Connection Type: Static IP LABEL Internet Connection Type IP Address Subnet Mask Default Gateway Primary DNS Enter the primary DNS server's IP address in the fields provided. Enter the secondary DNS server's IP address in the fields provided. Click this to close the wizard screen without saving. Click this to return to the previous screen. Click this to continue. Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) functions as a dial-up connection. PPPoE is an IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) standard specifying how a host 2.3.3 Connection Type: PPPoE DESCRIPTION Select the Static IP option. Exit Back Next Secondary DNS 28 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 2Connection Wizard Figure 8 Internet Connection Type: PPPoE personal computer interacts with a broadband modem (for example DSL, cable, wireless, etc.) to achieve access to high-speed data networks. For the service provider, PPPoE offers an access and authentication method that works with existing access control systems (for instance, RADIUS). Operationally, PPPoE saves significant effort for both the subscriber and the ISP/
carrier, as it requires no specific configuration of the broadband modem at the subscriber's site. One of the benefits of PPPoE is the ability to let end users access one of multiple network services, a function known as dynamic service selection. This enables the service provider to easily create and offer new IP services for specific users. By implementing PPPoE directly on the NBG-419N (rather than individual computers), the computers on the LAN do not need PPPoE software installed, since the NBG-419N does that part of the task. Furthermore, with NAT, all of the LAN's computers will have Internet access. Company Confidential Select this radio button if your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address. Select this radio button, provided by your ISP to give the NBG-419N a fixed, unique IP address. Type the name of your service provider. Type the user name given to you by your ISP. Type the password associated with the user name above. Click this to close the wizard screen without saving. Table 4 Internet Connection Type: PPPoE LABEL Internet Connection Type Dynamic IP Static IP DESCRIPTION Select the PPPoE option for a dial-up connection. The following table describes the labels in this screen. IP Address User Name Password Exit NBG-419N Users Guide 29 Chapter 2Connection Wizard Refer to the appendix for more information on PPTP. Figure 9 Internet Connection Type: PPTP The NBG-419N supports one PPTP server connection at any given time. 2.3.4 Connection Type: PPTP Table 4 Internet Connection Type: PPPoE LABEL Back Next DESCRIPTION Click this to return to the previous screen. Click this to continue. PPTP supports on-demand, multi-protocol, and virtual private networking over public networks, such as the Internet. Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) is a network protocol that enables transfers of data from a remote client to a private server, creating a Virtual Private Network (VPN) using TCP/IP-based networks. Company Confidential DESCRIPTION Select PPTP from the drop-down list box. To configure a PPTP client, you must configure the User Name and Password fields for a PPP connection and the PPTP parameters for a PPTP connection. Select this radio button if your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address. Select this radio button, provided by your ISP to give the NBG-419N a fixed, unique IP address. Type the (static) IP address assigned to you by your ISP. Type the subnet mask assigned to you by your ISP (if given). Table 5 Internet Connection Type: PPTP LABEL Internet Connection Type The following table describes the fields in this screen PPTP Address PPTP Subnet Mask Dynamic IP Static IP 30 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 2Connection Wizard Type the server IP address of the PPTP server. Figure 10 Internet Connection Type: L2TP 2.3.5 Connection Type: L2TP DESCRIPTION Type the gateway IP address of the PPTP server. The Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) works at layer 2 (the data link layer) to tunnel network traffic between two peer devices over another network (like the Internet). Type the user name given to you by your ISP. Type the password associated with the User Name above. Click this to close the wizard screen without saving. Click this to return to the previous screen. Click this to continue. Table 5 Internet Connection Type: PPTP LABEL PPTP Gateway IP Address PPTP Server IP Address User Name Password Exit Back Next Company Confidential Select this radio button if your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address. Select this radio button, provided by your ISP to give the NBG-419N a fixed, unique IP address. Type the (static) IP address assigned to you by your ISP. Type the subnet mask assigned to you by your ISP (if given). Table 6 Internet Connection Type: L2TP LABEL Internet Connection Type Dynamic IP DESCRIPTION Select L2TP from the drop-down list box. The following table describes the fields in this screen L2TP Address L2TP Subnet Mask Static IP NBG-419N Users Guide 31 Chapter 2Connection Wizard Type the server IP address of the L2TP server. The NBG-419N connects to the Internet. Figure 11 Connecting to the Internet DESCRIPTION Type the gateway IP address of the L2TP server. Type the user name given to you by your ISP. Type the password associated with the User Name above. Click this to close the wizard screen without saving. Click this to return to the previous screen. Click this to continue. Table 6 Internet Connection Type: L2TP LABEL L2TP Gateway IP Address L2TP Server IP Address User Name Password Exit Back Next Company Confidential Note: If the Wizard successfully connects to the Internet, it proceeds to the next step. If you get an error message, go back to the previous screen and make sure you have entered the correct information provided by your ISP. 32 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 2Connection Wizard 2.4 Router Password Figure 12 Router Password 2.5 Wireless Security Change the login password in the following screen. Enter the new password and retype it to confirm. Click Next to proceed with the Wireless Security screen. Company Confidential Configure Wireless Settings. Configure the wireless network settings on your NBG-
419N in the following screen. The fields that show up depend on the kind of security you select. Choose No Security in the Wireless Security screen to let wireless devices within range access your wireless network. 2.5.1 Wireless Security: No Security Figure 13 Wireless Security: No Security NBG-419N Users Guide 33 Chapter 2Connection Wizard The following table describes the labels in this screen. Security mode Exit Back Next 2.5.2 Wireless Security: WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK Choose WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK security in the Wireless Security screen to set up a password for your wireless network. If you change this field on the NBG-419N, make sure all wireless stations use the same SSID in order to access the network. Select a Security level from the drop-down list box. DESCRIPTION Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 printable 7-bit ASCII characters) for the wireless LAN. Table 7 Wireless Security: No Security LABEL Wireless Network Name
(SSID) Choose None to have no wireless LAN security configured. If you do not enable any wireless security on your NBG-419N, your network is accessible to any wireless networking device that is within range. Click this to close the wizard screen without saving. Click this to return to the previous screen. Click this to continue. Company Confidential Figure 14 Wireless Security: WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK 34 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 2Connection Wizard The following table describes the labels in this screen. Security mode Wireless password Verify Password Exit Back Next Click this to close the wizard screen without saving. Click this to return to the previous screen. Click this to continue. If you change this field on the NBG-419N, make sure all wireless stations use the same SSID in order to access the network. Select a Security level from the drop-down list box. DESCRIPTION Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 printable 7-bit ASCII characters) for the wireless LAN. Table 8 Wireless Security: WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK LABEL Wireless Network Name
(SSID) Choose WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK security to configure a Pre-Shared Key. Choose this option only if your wireless clients support WPA-PSK or WPA2-
PSK respectively. Type from 8 to 63 case-sensitive ASCII characters. You can set up the most secure wireless connection by configuring WPA in the wireless LAN screens. Retype the password to confirm. Company Confidential the NBG-419Ns LAN ports, check your connections. Then turn the NBG-419N off, wait for a few seconds then turn it back on. If that does not work, log in to the web configurator again and check you have typed all information correctly. See the Users Guide for more suggestions. You can also click ZyGO to open the Easy Mode Web Configurator of your NBG-
419N. Congratulations! Open a web browser, such as Internet Explorer, to visit your favorite website. Note: If you cannot access the Internet when your computer is connected to one of Figure 15 Congratulations NBG-419N Users Guide 35 Chapter 2Connection Wizard You have successfully set up your NBG-419N to operate on your network and access the Internet. You are now ready to connect wirelessly to your NBG-419N and access the Internet. Company Confidential 36 NBG-419N Users Guide 3.1 Overview CHAPTER 3 This chapter describes how to access the NBG-419N Web Configurator and provides an overview of its screens. The Web Configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy setup and management of the NBG-419N via Internet browser. Use Internet Explorer 6.0 and later or Netscape Navigator 7.0 and later versions or Safari 2.0 or later versions. The recommended screen resolution is 1024 by 768 pixels. Introducing the Web Configurator Company Confidential computer or computer network to connect to the NBG-419N (refer to the Quick Start Guide). Refer to the Troubleshooting chapter (Chapter 31 on page 217) to see how to make sure these functions are allowed in Internet Explorer. 3.2 Accessing the Web Configurator 1 Make sure your NBG-419N hardware is properly connected and prepare your Web browser pop-up windows from your device. Web pop-up blocking is In order to use the Web Configurator you need to allow:
enabled by default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2. Type "http://192.168.1.1" as the website address. Java permissions (enabled by default). JavaScripts (enabled by default). Launch your web browser. Your computer must be in the same subnet in order to access this website address. 2 3 NBG-419N Users Guide 37 Chapter 3Introducing the Web Configurator 3.2.1 Login Screen Figure 16 Login screen The Web Configurator initially displays the following login screen. Note: If this is the first time you are accessing the Web Configurator, you may be redirected to the Wizard. Refer to Chapter 2 on page 25 for the Connection Wizard screens. Company Confidential DESCRIPTION Type "1234" (default) as the password. Select the language you want to use to configure the Web Configurator. Click Login. This shows the current weather, either in celsius or fahrenheit, of the city you specify in Section 3.2.3.1 on page 40. This shows the time (hh:mm:ss) and date (yyyy:mm:dd) of the timezone you select in Section 3.2.3.2 on page 41 or Section 26.3 on page 201. The time is in 24-hour format, for example 15:00 is 3:00 PM. Table 9 Login screen LABEL Password Language The following table describes the labels in this screen. 38 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 3Introducing the Web Configurator 3.2.2 Password Screen Figure 17 Change Password Screen The following table describes the labels in this screen. DESCRIPTION Type a new password. Retype the password for confirmation. You should see a screen asking you to change your password (highly recommended) as shown next. Table 10 Change Password Screen LABEL New Password Retype to Confirm Apply Ignore Company Confidential the Administrator Inactivity Timer field expires (default five minutes; go to Chapter 24 on page 197 to change this). Simply log back into the NBG-419N if this happens. If you have previously logged into the Web Configurator but did not click Logout, you may be redirected to the Home screen. You can also open this screen by clicking Home ( or ) in the Easy Mode or Expert mode screens. Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-419N. Click Ignore if you do not want to change the password this time. Note: The management session automatically times out when the time period set in 3.2.3 Home Screen NBG-419N Users Guide 39 Chapter 3Introducing the Web Configurator The Home screen displays as follows. Figure 18 Home Screen The following table describes the labels in this screen. Company Confidential DESCRIPTION Click this to open the Easy mode Web Configurator. Select a language to go to the Easy mode Web Configurator in that language and click Login.
(This is just an example). This shows the current weather, either in celsius or fahrenheit, of the city you specify in Section 3.2.3.1 on page 40.
(This is just an example). This shows the time (hh:mm:ss) and date
(yyyy:mm:dd) of the timezone you select in Section 3.2.3.2 on page 41 or Section 26.3 on page 201. You can change the temperature unit and select the location for which you want to know the weather. Table 11 Home Screen LABEL Go Language 3.2.3.1 Weather Edit Figure 19 Change Weather icon to change the Weather display. Click the 40 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 3Introducing the Web Configurator The following table describes the labels in this screen. Click the Change Location Finish icon to change the Weather display. 3.2.3.2 Time/Date Edit Figure 20 Change Password Screen Table 12 Change Weather LABEL oC or oF One timezone can cover more than one country. You can choose a particular country in which the NBG-419N is located and have the NBG-419N display and use the current time and date for its logs. DESCRIPTION Choose which temperature unit you want the NBG-419N to display. Select the location for which you want to know the weather. If the city you want is not listed, choose one that is closest to it. Click this to apply the settings and refresh the date and time display. Company Confidential If you forget your password or IP address, or you cannot access the Web Configurator, you will need to use the RESET button at the back of the NBG-419N to reload the factory-default configuration file. This means that you will lose all configurations that you had previously saved, the password will be reset to 1234 and the IP address will be reset to 192.168.1.1. DESCRIPTION Select the specific country whose current time and date you want the NBG-419N to display. Click this to apply the settings and refresh the weather display. Table 13 Change Password Screen LABEL Change time zone Finish 3.3 Resetting the NBG-419N Note: You can also edit the timezone in Section 26.3 on page 201. The following table describes the labels in this screen. NBG-419N Users Guide 41 Chapter 3Introducing the Web Configurator 3 2 3.3.1 Procedure to Use the Reset Button 1 Make sure the power LED is on. Press the RESET button for longer than 1 second to restart/reboot the NBG-419N. Press the RESET button for longer than five seconds to set the NBG-419N back to its factory-default configurations. Company Confidential 42 NBG-419N Users Guide 4.1 Overview CHAPTER 4 Monitor 4.2 What You Can Do Note: To access the Monitor screens, you can also click the links in the Summary table of the Status screen to view the bandwidth consumed, packets sent/
received as well as the status of clients connected to the NBG-419N. This chapter discusses read-only information related to the device state of the NBG-419N. Company Confidential Use the BW MGMT Monitor screen (Section 4.3 on page 43) to view the amount of network bandwidth that applications running in the network are using. The Bandwidth Management (BW MGMT) Monitor allows you to view the amount of network bandwidth that applications running in the network are using. 4.3 BW MGMT Monitor use the Packet Statistics screen (Section 4.5 on page 45) to view port status, Use the WLAN Station Status screen (Section 4.6 on page 46) to view the Use the DHCP Table screen (Section 4.4 on page 44) to view information wireless stations that are currently associated to the NBG-419N. The bandwidth is measured in kilobits per second (kbps). packet specific statistics, the "system up time" and so on. related to your DHCP status. NBG-419N Users Guide 43 Chapter 4Monitor Figure 21 Summary: BW MGMT Monitor 4.4 DHCP Table The monitor shows what kinds of applications are running in the network, the maximum kbps that each application can use, as well as the percentage of bandwidth it is using. Company Confidential DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual clients to obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can configure the NBG-419Ns LAN as a DHCP server or disable it. When configured as a server, the NBG-419N provides the TCP/IP configuration for the clients. If DHCP service is disabled, you must have another DHCP server on that network, or else the computer must be manually configured. Click the DHCP Table (Details...) hyperlink in the Status screen. Read-only information here relates to your DHCP status. The DHCP table shows current DHCP client information (including IP Address, Host Name and MAC Address) of all network clients using the NBG-419Ns DHCP server. Figure 22 Summary: DHCP Table 44 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 4Monitor The following table describes the labels in this screen. TxPkts RxPkts Collisions Tx B/s Rx B/s Up Time System Up Time Poll Interval(s) Set Interval Table 15 Summary: Packet Statistics LABEL Port Status DESCRIPTION This is the NBG-419Ns port type. For the LAN ports, this displays the port speed and duplex setting or Down when the line is disconnected. For the WAN port, it displays the port speed and duplex setting if youre using Ethernet encapsulation and Idle (line (ppp) idle), Dial
(starting to trigger a call) and Drop (dropping a call) if you're using PPPoE or PPTP encapsulation. This field displays Down when the line is disconnected. For the WLAN, it displays the maximum transmission rate when the WLAN is enabled and Down when the WLAN is disabled. This is the number of transmitted packets on this port. This is the number of received packets on this port. This is the number of collisions on this port. This displays the transmission speed in bytes per second on this port. This displays the reception speed in bytes per second on this port. This is the total time the NBG-419N has been for each session. This is the total time the NBG-419N has been on. Enter the time interval in seconds for refreshing statistics in this field. Click this button to apply the new poll interval you entered in the Poll Interval(s) field. Click Stop to stop refreshing statistics. Company Confidential Click the WLAN Station Status (Details...) hyperlink in the Status screen. View the wireless stations that are currently associated to the NBG-419N in the Association List. Association means that a wireless client (for example, your network or computer with a wireless network card) has connected successfully to the AP (or wireless router) using the same SSID, channel and security settings. 4.6 WLAN Station Status Figure 24 Summary: Wireless Association List Stop 46 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 4Monitor The following table describes the labels in this screen. Refresh Table 16 Summary: Wireless Association List LABEL
MAC Address Association Time DESCRIPTION This is the index number of an associated wireless station. This field displays the MAC address of an associated wireless station. This field displays the time a wireless station first associated with the NBG-419Ns WLAN network. Click Refresh to reload the list. Company Confidential NBG-419N Users Guide 47 Chapter 4Monitor Company Confidential 48 NBG-419N Users Guide NBG-419N is being used in the network. want to use for editing NBG-419N features. 5.1 Overview CHAPTER 5 Web Configurator mode. This refers to the Web Configurator interface you Device mode. This is the operating mode of your NBG-419N, or simply how the 5.1.1 Web Configurator Modes NBG-419N Modes This chapter introduces the different modes available on your NBG-419N. First, the term mode refers to two things in this Users Guide. Company Confidential Access Point. Use this mode if you want to extend your network by allowing network devices to connect to the NBG-419N wirelessly. Go to Section 8.4 on page 74 view the Status screen in this mode. of the NBG-419N. Click Expert Mode after logging into the Web Configurator. The Users Guide Chapter 3 on page 37 through Chapter 30 on page 213 discusses the screens in this mode. WISP mode. Use this mode if there is an existing wireless router or access point in the network to which you want to connect your local network. Go to Section 9.4 on page 81 to view the Status screen in this mode. This refers to the configuration interface of the Web Configurator, which has two modes:
page 51 for more information on the screens in this mode. This interface may be sufficient for users who just want to use the device. connect the local network to another network, like the Internet. Go to Section 7.3 on page 64 to view the Status screen in this mode. Expert. Advanced users can change to this mode to customize all the functions Easy. The Web Configurator shows this mode by default. Refer to Chapter 6 on Router. This is the default device mode of the NBG-419N. Use this mode to This refers to the operating mode of the NBG-419N, which can act as a:
5.1.2 Device Modes NBG-419N Users Guide 49 Chapter 5NBG-419N Modes Figure 25 Device Mode Example The menu for changing device modes is available in Expert mode only. The following figure is a simple illustration of the device configuration modes of the NBG-419N. For more information on these modes and to change the mode of your NBG-419N, refer to Chapter 30 on page 213. Company Confidential When changing to another mode, the IP address of the NBG-419N changes. The running applications and services of the network devices connected to the NBG-
419N can be interrupted. In WISP mode, you should know the SSID and wireless security details of the access point to which you want to connect. Note: Choose your Device Mode carefully to avoid having to change it later. 50 NBG-419N Users Guide 6.1 Overview When you log in to the Web Configurator, the following screen opens. CHAPTER 6 Easy Mode Figure 26 Easy Mode: Network Map Navigation Panel The Web Configurator is set to Easy Mode by default. You can configure several key features of the NBG-419N in this mode. This mode is useful to users who are not fully familiar with some features that are usually intended for network administrators. Company Confidential Network Map Control Panel Go to Status Screen NBG-419N Users Guide 51 Chapter 6Easy Mode Click Status to open the following screen screen. Control Panel Go to Network Map Screen Status Screen Figure 27 Easy Mode: Status Screen Navigation Panel Company Confidential Use the Control Panel (Section 6.6 on page 54) to configure and enable NBG-
419N features, including wireless security, wireless scheduling and bandwidth management and so on. Between the different device modes, the Control Panel (Section 6.6 on page 54) changes depending on which features are applicable to the mode:
information about the NBG-419N, including the WAN IP, MAC Address of the NBG-419N and the firmware version. 6.3 What You Need to Know 6.2 What You Can Do Use the Network Map screen (Section 6.5 on page 53) to check if your NBG-
Use this Navigation Panel (Section 6.4 on page 53) to opt out of the Easy Use the Status Screen screen (Section 6.7 on page 61) to view read-only 419N can ping the gateway and whether it is connected to the Internet. Router Mode: All Control Panel features are available. You can do the following in this mode:
mode. 52 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 6Easy Mode Access Point Mode: Only Power Saving and Wireless Security are available. DESCRIPTION Figure 28 Control Panel Content Filter, Bandwidth MGMT, and Firewall. The following table describes the labels in this screen. Use this navigation panel to opt out of the Easy mode. WISP Mode: The available features for this mode are Game Console, 6.4 Navigation Panel Table 17 Control Panel ITEM HomeClick this to go to the Expert ModeClick this to change to Company Confidential Note: The NetworkMAP is viewable by Windows XP (need to install patch), Windows Vista and Windows 7 users only. For Windows XP (Service Pack 2) users, you can see the network devices connected to the NBG-419N by downloading the LLTD (Link Layer Topology Discovery) patch from the Microsoft Website. feature may not be supported by your system. You can still configure the Control Panel (Section 6.6 on page 54) in the Easy Mode and the NBG-419N features that you want to use in the Expert Mode. Note: Dont worry if the Network Map does not display in your web browser. This Login page. Expert mode and customize features of 6.5 Network Map LogoutClick this to end the Web Configurator session. the NBG-419N. NBG-419N Users Guide 53 Chapter 6Easy Mode Figure 29 Network Map When you log into the Network Configurator, the Network Map is shown as follows. The line connecting the NBG-419N to the gateway becomes green when the NBG-
419N is able to ping the gateway. It becomes red when the ping initiating from the NBG-419N does not get a response from the gateway. The same rule applies to the line connecting the gateway to the Internet. Company Confidential You can also view the devices (represented by icons indicating the kind of network device) connected to the NBG-419N, including those connecting wirelessly. Right-
click on the NBG-419N icon to refresh the network map and go to the Wizard. Right click on the other icons to view information about the device. Switch ON to enable the feature. Otherwise, switch OFF. If the feature is turned on, the green light flashes. If it is turned off, the red light flashes. Additionally, click the feature to open a screen where you can edit its settings. 6.6 Control Panel The features configurable in Easy Mode are shown in the Control Panel. Figure 30 Control Panel 54 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 6Easy Mode The following table describes the labels in this screen. applications. DESCRIPTION network. Otherwise, switch OFF. Refer to Section 6.6.3 on page 57 to see this screen. Refer to Section 6.6.2 on page 56 to see this screen. Refer to Section 6.6.1 on page 55 to see this screen. ON to maximize bandwidth for gaming traffic in your Switch ON to apply website filtering. Otherwise, switch OFF. Switch ON to apply wireless scheduling. Otherwise, switch OFF. Content FilterClick this to restrict access to certain websites, based on Bandwidth MgmtClick this to edit bandwidth management for predefined Power SavingClick this to schedule the wireless feature of the NBG-419N. Table 18 Control Panel ITEM Game EngineSwitch Disabling the wireless function helps lower the energy consumption of the NBG-419N. keywords contained in URLs, to which you do not want users in your network to open. Company Confidential Switch ON to have the NBG-419N management bandwidth for uplink and downlink traffic according to an application or service. Otherwise, switch OFF. When this feature is enabled, the NBG-419N maximizes the bandwidth for gaming traffic that it forwards out through an interface. Refer to Section 6.6.5 on page 58 to see this screen. Wireless SecurityClick this to configure the wireless security, such as SSID, 6.6.1 Game Engine ON to ensure that your network is protected from Denial Refer to Section 6.6.6 on page 59 to see this screen. Refer to Section 6.6.4 on page 58 to see this screen. security mode and WPS key on your NBG-419N. of Service (DoS) attacks. Otherwise, switch OFF. Figure 31 Game Engine FirewallSwitch NBG-419N Users Guide 55 Chapter 6Easy Mode Apply Reset Figure 33 Content Filter 6.6.3 Content Filter Table 19 Power Saving LABEL For the following times
(24-Hour Format) Use this screen to restrict access to certain websites, based on keywords contained in URLs, to which you do not want users in your network to open. In this time format, midnight is 00:00 and progresses up to 24:00. For example, 6:00 PM is 18:00. Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-419N. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. DESCRIPTION Select a begin time using the first set of hour and minute (min) drop down boxes and select an end time using the second set of hour and minute (min) drop down boxes. If you have chosen On earlier for the WLAN Status the Wireless LAN will turn on between the two times you enter in these fields. If you have chosen Off earlier for the WLAN Status the Wireless LAN will turn off between the two times you enter in these fields. Company Confidential When you try to access a web page containing a keyword, you will get a message telling you that the content filter is blocking this request. Highlight a keyword in the text box and click Delete to remove it. The keyword disappears from the text box after you click Apply. Repeat this procedure to add other keywords. Up to 64 keywords are allowed. DESCRIPTION Click Add after you have typed a keyword. Table 20 Content Filter LABEL Add Note: The NBG-419N does not recognize wildcard characters as The following table describes the labels in this screen. keywords. Delete NBG-419N Users Guide 57 Chapter 6Easy Mode Table 20 Content Filter LABEL Apply Cancel Figure 34 Bandwidth MGNT 6.6.4 Bandwidth MGMT Use this screen to set bandwidth allocation to pre-defined services and applications for bandwidth allocation. DESCRIPTION Click Apply to save your changes. Click Cancel to close this screen without saving any changes. The NBG-419N uses bandwidth management for incoming and outgoing traffic. Rank the services and applications by dragging them accordingly from High to Low and click Apply. Click Cancel to close the screen. Company Confidential Enable this feature to protect the network from Denial of Service (DoS) attacks. The NBG-419N blocks repetitive pings from the WAN that can otherwise cause systems to slow down or hang. Use your mouse to drag the items according to how you want to prioritze them. Left-click and slide up or down. 6.6.5 Firewall Figure 35 Firewall Click OK to close this screen. 58 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 6Easy Mode 6.6.6 Wireless Security switch in the back panel. Figure 36 Wireless Security The following table describes the general wireless LAN labels in this screen. Note: You can enable the Wireless function of your NBG-419N by first turning on the Use this screen to configuresecurity for your the Wireless LAN. You can enter the SSID and select the wireless security mode in the following screen. Company Confidential Table 21 Wireless Security LABEL DESCRIPTION
(Service Set IDentity) The SSID identifies the Service Set with which a Wireless wireless station is associated. Wireless stations associating to the access Network point (AP) must have the same SSID. Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 Name (SSID) keyboard characters) for the wireless LAN. The default SSID is NBG-419N. Select WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK to add security on this wireless network. The wireless clients which want to associate to this network must have same wireless security settings as this device. After you select to use a security, additional options appears in this screen. Select No Security to allow any client to connect to this network without authentication. This field appears when you choose wither WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK as the security mode. Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-419N. Click Cancel to close this screen. Click this to configure the WPS screen. Type a pre-shared key from 8 to 63 case-sensitive keyboard characters. Type the password again to confirm. You can transfer the wireless settings configured here ( Wireless Security screen) to another wireless device that supports WPS. Verify password Apply Cancel WPS Wireless password Security mode NBG-419N Users Guide 59 Chapter 6Easy Mode 6.6.7 WPS Figure 37 Wireless Security: WPS The following table describes the labels in this screen. Use this screen to add a wireless station to the network using WPS. Click WPS in the Wireless Security to open the following screen. Company Confidential Note: After you click the WPS button on this screen, you have to press a similar button in the wireless station utility within 2 minutes. To add the second wireless station, you have to press these buttons on both device and the wireless station again after the first 2 minutes. Type the same PIN number generated in the wireless station s utility. Then click Register to associate to each other and perform the wireless security information synchronization. Click Exit to close this screen. Table 22 Wireless Security: WPS LABEL Wireless Security WPS Create a secure wireless network simply by entering a wireless client's PIN (Personal Identification Number) in the NBG-419Ns interface and pushing this button. DESCRIPTION Click this to go back to the Wireless Security screen. The NBG-419N scans for a WPS-enabled device within the range and performs wireless security information synchronization. Create a secure wireless network simply by pressing a button. Register Exit 60 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 6Easy Mode DESCRIPTION 6.7 Status Screen in Easy Mode TimeThis is the current system date and time. Figure 38 Status Screen in Easy Mode The following table describes the labels in this screen. this in the Maintenance > General screen in Section 24.3 on page 197. In the Network Map screen, click Status to view read-only information about the NBG-419N. Table 23 Status Screen in Easy Mode ITEM NameThis is the name of the NBG-419N in the network. You can change Company Confidential The firmware version format shows the trunk version, model code and release number. This shows the SSID of the wireless network. You can configure this in the Wireless Security screen (Section 6.6.6 on page 59;
Section 11.3.1.1 on page 101). WAN IPThis is the IP address of the WAN port. MAC AddressThis is the MAC address of the NBG-419N. Firmware VersionThis shows the firmware version of the NBG-419N. The date is in YYYY:MM:DD (Year-Month-Day) format. The time is in HH:MM:SS (Hour:Minutes:Seconds) format. SecurityThis shows the wireless security used by the NBG-419N. Wireless Network Name NBG-419N Users Guide 61 Chapter 6Easy Mode Company Confidential 62 NBG-419N Users Guide Figure 39 NBG-419N Network 7.1 Overview CHAPTER 7 Router Mode The NBG-419N is set to router mode by default. Routers are used to connect the local network to another network (for example, the Internet). In the figure below, the NBG-419N connects the local network (LAN1 ~ LAN4) to the Internet. Company Confidential Use the Status screen (Section 7.3 on page 64) to view read-only information about your NBG-419N. Note: The Status screen is shown after changing to the Expert mode of the Web 7.2 What You Can Do Configurator. It varies depending on the device mode of your NBG-419N. Modem NBG-419N Users Guide 63 Chapter 7Router Mode 7.3 Status Screen Click to open the status screen. Figure 40 Status Screen: Router Mode Company Confidential Select a number of seconds or None from the drop-down list box to refresh all screen statistics automatically at the end of every time interval or to not refresh the screen statistics. Click this button to refresh the status screen statistics. DESCRIPTION Click this icon to view copyright and a link for related product information. Table 24 Status Screen Icon Key: Router Mode ICON The following table describes the icons shown in the Status screen. Click this to go to the Home page. See Chapter 4 on page 43. Click this icon to go to Easy Mode. See Chapter 6 on page 51. 64 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 7Router Mode Click this icon to see the Maintenance navigation menu. Click this icon to see the Configuration navigation menu. System Name you enter in the Maintenance > General Table 24 Status Screen Icon Key: Router Mode (continued) ICON The following table describes the labels shown in the Status screen. screen. It is for identification purposes. Firmware VersionThis is the firmware version and the date created. Sys OP ModeThis is the device mode (
DESCRIPTION Click this icon to see the Status page. The information in this screen depends on the device mode you select. Click this icon to see the Monitor navigation menu. Table 25 Status Screen: Router Mode LABEL DESCRIPTION LogoutClick this at any time to exit the Web Configurator. Device Information Host NameThis is the Company Confidential WAN Information
- MAC AddressThis shows the WAN Ethernet adapter MAC Address of your device.
- IP AddressThis shows th
- IP Subnet MaskThis shows the WAN port
- Default GatewayThis shows the WAN port
- DHCPThis shows the LAN port LAN Information
- MAC AddressThis shows the LAN Ethernet adapter MAC Address of your device.
- IP AddressThis shows the LAN port
- IP Subnet MaskThis shows the LAN port
- DHCPThis shows the LAN port WLAN Information
- WLAN OP ModeThis is the device mode (
- MAC AddressThis shows the wireless adapter MAC Address of your device.
- StatusThis shows the current status of the Wireless LAN -
- Name (SSID)This shows a descriptive name used to identify the NBG-419N in the
- ChannelThis shows the channel number which you select manually.
- Operating ChannelThis shows the channel number which the NBG-419N is currently using s subnet mask. s gateway IP address. s DHCP role - Client or Server. s IP address. s subnet mask. s DHCP role - Server or None. 419Ns wireless LAN is set - Access Point Mode. Section 5.1.2 on page 49) to which the NBG-
Section 5.1.2 on page 49) to which the NBG-
419N is set - Router Mode. e WAN ports IP address. over the wireless LAN. wireless LAN. ON or OFF.
- Security ModeThis shows the level of wireless security the NBG-419N is using. NBG-419N Users Guide 65 Chapter 7Router Mode Table 25 Status Screen: Router Mode DESCRIPTION LABEL s present date and time. of the NBG-419Ns processing ability is Configured when the WPS has been set up. This displays Unconfigured if the WPS has not been set up. Click the status to display Network > Wireless LAN > WPS screen.
- 802.11 ModeThis shows the wireless standard.
- WPSThis displays System Status ItemThis column shows the type of data the NBG-419N is recording. DataThis column shows the actual data recorded by the NBG-419N. currently used. When this percentage is close to 100%, the NBG-419N is running at full load, and the throughput is not going to improve anymore. If you want some applications to have more throughput, you should turn off other applications (for example, using bandwidth management.) System Up TimeThis is the total time the NBG-419N has been on. Current Date/TimeThis field displays your NBG-419N System Resource
- CPU UsageThis displays what percentage
- Memory UsageThis shows what percentage of the heap memory the NBG-419N is using. System Setting
- FirewallThis shows whether the firewall is enabled or not.
- Bandwidth Management
- UPnPThis shows whether UPnP is enabled or not.
- Configuration ModeThis shows the web configurator mode you are viewing -
Company Confidential For the WAN port, it displays the port speed and duplex setting if you re using Ethernet encapsulation and Idle (line (ppp) idle), Dial (starting to trigger a call) and Drop (dropping a call) if you're using PPPoE or PPTP encapsulation. This field displays N/A when the line is disconnected. Click Details... to go to the Monitor > BW MGMT Monitor screen
(Section 4.3 on page 43). Use this screen to view the amount of network bandwidth that applications running in the network are using. For the WLAN, it displays the maximum transmission rate when the WLAN is enabled and N/A when the WLAN is disabled. For the WLAN, it displays Up when the WLAN is enabled or Down when the WLAN is disabled. RateFor the LAN ports, this displays the port speed and duplex setting or InterfaceThis displays the NBG-419N port types. The port types are:
This shows whether the bandwidth management is enabled or not. StatusFor the LAN and WAN ports, this field displays Summary BW MGMT Monitor when the line is disconnected. Down (line is down) or Up
(line is up or connected). Interface Status WAN, LAN and WLAN. Expert. N/A 66 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 7Router Mode DHCP Table Packet Statistics WLAN Station Status Figure 41 Navigation Panel: Router Mode 7.3.1 Navigation Panel Use the sub-menus on the navigation panel to configure NBG-419N features. Table 25 Status Screen: Router Mode LABEL DESCRIPTION Click Details... to go to the Monitor > DHCP Table screen (Section 4.4 on page 44). Use this screen to view current DHCP client information. Click Details... to go to the Monitor > Packet Statistics screen
(Section 4.5 on page 45). Use this screen to view port status and packet specific statistics. Click Details... to go to the Monitor > WLAN Station Status screen
(Section 4.6 on page 46). Use this screen to view the wireless stations that are currently associated to the NBG-419N. Company Confidential Use this screen to view the list of activities recorded by your NBG-419N. Use this screen to view the amount of network bandwidth that applications running in the network are using. Use this screen to view current DHCP client information. FUNCTION This screen shows the NBG-419Ns general device, system and interface status information. Use this screen to access the wizard, and summary statistics tables. Table 26 Navigation Panel: Router Mode LINK Status The following table describes the sub-menus. MONITOR Log DHCP Table BW MGMT TAB NBG-419N Users Guide 67 Chapter 7Router Mode QoS TAB Advanced Wireless LAN General MAC Filter WPS WPS Station Scheduling FUNCTION Use this screen to view port status and packet specific statistics. Use this screen to view the wireless stations that are currently associated to the NBG-419N. Table 26 Navigation Panel: Router Mode LINK Packet Statistics WLAN Station Status CONFIGURATION Network Use this screen to configure wireless LAN. Use the MAC filter screen to configure the NBG-419N to block access to devices or block the devices from accessing the NBG-419N. This screen allows you to configure advanced wireless settings. Use this screen to configure Wi-Fi Multimedia Quality of Service (WMM QoS). WMM QoS allows you to prioritize wireless traffic according to the delivery requirements of individual services. Use this screen to configure WPS. Use this screen to add a wireless station using WPS. Company Confidential Use this screen to schedule the times the Wireless LAN is enabled. Use this screen to set up Wireless Distribution System
(WDS) on your NBG-419N. This screen allows you to configure ISP parameters, WAN IP address assignment, DNS servers and the WAN MAC address. Use this screen to configure other advanced properties. Use this screen to enable IGMP snooping if you have LAN users that subscribe to multicast services. Use this screen to configure LAN IP address and subnet mask. Use this screen to have the NBG-419N apply IP alias to create LAN subnets. Use this screen to enable the NBG-419Ns DHCP server. Use this screen to assign IP addresses to specific individual computers based on their MAC addresses and to have DNS servers assigned by the DHCP server. Use this screen to enable NAT. Use this screen to configure servers behind the NBG-
419N. Use this screen to change your NBG-419Ns port triggering settings. Use this screen to set up dynamic DNS. Use this screen to configure IP static routes. Advanced IGMP Snooping IP General Application General Advanced Internet Connection DHCP Server Advanced IP Alias WDS WAN NAT LAN DDNS Static Route General IP Static Route 68 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 7Router Mode TAB WWW Monitor Firewall General Security Management Content Filter General Services General Advanced Bandwidth Manageme nt Remote Manageme nt UPnP Table 26 Navigation Panel: Router Mode LINK RIP FUNCTION Use this screen to enable RIPv1 or RIPv2, which are LAN broadcast protocols. Use this screen to activate/deactivate the firewall. This screen shows a summary of the firewall rules, and allows you to edit/add a firewall rule. Use this screen to block certain web features and sites containing certain keywords in the URL. Use this screen to enable bandwidth management. Use this screen to set the upstream bandwidth and edit a bandwidth management rule. Use this screen to view the amount of network bandwidth that applications running in the network are using. Use this screen to be able to access the NBG-419N from the LAN, WAN or both. Company Confidential Use this screen to view and change administrative settings such as system and domain names. Use this screen to change the password of your NBG-
419N. Use this screen to change your NBG-419Ns time and date. This screen allows you to reboot the NBG-419N without turning the power off. This screen allows you to select whether your device acts as a Router or a Access Point. Use this screen to configure through which interface(s) and from which IP address(es) users can use HTTP to manage the NBG-419N. Use this screen to upload firmware to your NBG-419N. Use this screen to backup and restore the configuration or reset the factory defaults to your NBG-419N. Password Setup Time Setting WWW Use this screen to enable UPnP on the NBG-419N. Firmware Upgrade Backup/
Restore Remote Manageme nt MAINTENANCE Sys OP Mode Reset/
Restart Password General Restart Time NBG-419N Users Guide 69 Chapter 7Router Mode Company Confidential 70 NBG-419N Users Guide 8.1 Overview CHAPTER 8 Figure 42 Wireless Internet Access in Access Point Mode Access Point Mode Use your NBG-419N as an access point (AP) if you already have a router or gateway on your network. In this mode your NBG-419N bridges a wired network
(LAN) and wireless LAN (WLAN) in the same subnet. See the figure below for an example. Company Confidential Many screens that are available in Router mode are not available in Access Point mode, such as bandwidth management and firewall. Note: See Chapter 10 on page 89 for an example of setting up a wireless network in 8.2 What You Can Do Use the Status screen (Section 8.4 on page 74) to view read-only information Use the LAN screen (Section 8.5 on page 76) to set the IP address for your NBG-419N acting as an access point. Access Point mode. about your NBG-419N. NBG-419N Users Guide 71 Chapter 8Access Point Mode 2 1 8.3 What You Need to Know Figure 43 Changing to Access Point mode 8.3.1 Setting your NBG-419N to AP Mode See Chapter 10 on page 89 for a tutorial on setting up a network with the NBG-
419N as an access point. To use your NBG-419N as an access point, go to Maintenance > Sys OP Mode
> General and select Access Point mode. Log into the Web Configurator if you havent already. See the Quick start Guide for instructions on how to do this. Company Confidential Click OK. The Web Configurator refreshes once the change to Access Point mode is successful. 3 When you select Access Point Mode, the following pop-up message window Note: You have to log in to the Web Configurator again when you change modes.As soon as you do, your NBG-419N is already in Access Point mode. Figure 44 Pop up for Access Point mode appears. 72 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 8Access Point Mode 2 Log in to the Web Configurator in Access Point mode, do the following:
8.3.2 Accessing the Web Configurator in Access Point Mode Explorer and type 192.168.1.2 as the web address in your web browser. 1 Connect your computer to the LAN port of the NBG-419N. 3 Click Start > Run on your computer in Windows. Type cmd in the dialog box. 4 After youve set your computers IP address, open a web browser such as Internet Enter ipconfig to show your computers IP address. If your computers IP address is not in the correct range then see Appendix C on page 251 for information on changing your computers IP address. The default IP address of the NBG-419N is 192.168.1.2. In this case, your computer must have an IP address in the range between 192.168.1.3 and 192.168.1.254. Note: After clicking Login, the Easy mode appears. Refer to Section on page 51 for the Easy mode screens. Change to Expert mode to see the screens described in the sections following this. Company Confidential 8.3.3 Configuring your WLAN, Bandwidth Management and Maintenance Settings The configuration of wireless, bandwidth management and maintenance settings in Access Point mode is the same as for Router Mode. See Chapter 11 on page 99 for information on the configuring your wireless See Chapter 21 on page 173 for information on configuring your Bandwidth See Maintenance and Troubleshooting (195) for information on configuring your Maintenance settings. Management screen. network. NBG-419N Users Guide 73 Chapter 8Access Point Mode Click 8.4 AP Mode Status Screen to open the Status screen. Figure 45 Status Screen: Access Point Mode Company Confidential LAN Information
- MAC AddressThis shows the LAN Ethernet adapter MAC Address of your device.
- IP AddressThis shows the LAN port
- IP Subnet MaskThis shows the LAN port
- DHCPThis shows the LAN port Table 27 Status Screen: Access Point Mode LABEL LogoutClick this at any time to exit the Web Configurator. Device Information Host NameThis is the screen. It is for identification purposes. Firmware VersionThis is the firmware version and the date created. Sys OP ModeThis is the device mode (
s IP address. s subnet mask. s DHCP role - Server, Client or None. The following table describes the labels shown in the Status screen. System Name you enter in the Maintenance > General Section 5.1.2 on page 49) to which the NBG-
419N is set - Access Point Mode. DESCRIPTION 74 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 8Access Point Mode ON or OFF. wireless LAN. DESCRIPTION over the wireless LAN. Table 27 Status Screen: Access Point Mode LABEL Section 5.1.2 on page 49) to which the NBG-
Configured when the WPS has been set up. 419Ns wireless LAN is set - Access Point Mode. This displays Unconfigured if the WPS has not been set up. Click the status to display Network > Wireless LAN > WPS screen. WLAN Information
- WLAN OP ModeThis is the device mode (
- ChannelThis shows the channel number which you select manually.
- Operating ChannelThis shows the channel number which the NBG-419N is currently using System Status ItemThis column shows the type of data the NBG-419N is recording. DataThis column shows the actual data recorded by the NBG-419N.
- Security ModeThis shows the level of wireless security the NBG-419N is using.
- 802.11 ModeThis shows the wireless standard.
- WPSThis displays
- MAC AddressThis shows the wireless adapter MAC Address of your device.
- StatusThis shows the current status of the Wireless LAN -
- Name (SSID)This shows a descriptive name used to identify the NBG-419N in the Company Confidential currently used. When this percentage is close to 100%, the NBG-419N is running at full load, and the throughput is not going to improve anymore. If you want some applications to have more throughput, you should turn off other applications (for example, using bandwidth management.
- Memory UsageThis shows what percentage of the heap memory the NBG-419N is using. System Setting
- Configuration ModeThis shows the web configurator mode you are viewing -
System Up TimeThis is the total time the NBG-419N has been on. Current Date/TimeThis field displays your NBG-419N System Resource
- CPU UsageThis displays what percentage For the WLAN, it displays Up when the WLAN is enabled or Down when the WLAN is disabled. InterfaceThis displays the NBG-419N port types. The port types are:
StatusFor the LAN and WAN ports, this field displays of the NBG-419Ns processing ability is Down (line is down) or Up s present date and time.
(line is up or connected). Interface Status LAN and Expert. WLAN. NBG-419N Users Guide 75 Chapter 8Access Point Mode N/A DESCRIPTION WLAN Station Status when the line is disconnected. Table 27 Status Screen: Access Point Mode LABEL Summary Packet Statistics 8.4.0.1 Navigation Panel RateFor the LAN ports, this displays the port speed and duplex setting or For the WLAN, it displays the maximum transmission rate when the WLAN is enabled and N/A when the WLAN is disabled. Use the menu in the navigation panel to configure NBG-419N features in Access Point mode. For the WAN port, it displays the port speed and duplex setting if you re using Ethernet encapsulation and Idle (line (ppp) idle), Dial (starting to trigger a call) and Drop (dropping a call) if you're using PPPoE or PPTP encapsulation. This field displays N/A when the line is disconnected. Click Details... to go to the Monitor > Packet Statistics screen
(Section 4.5 on page 45). Use this screen to view port status and packet specific statistics. Click Details... to go to the Monitor > WLAN Station Status screen
(Section 4.6 on page 46). Use this screen to view the wireless stations that are currently associated to the NBG-419N. Company Confidential The following screen and table show the features you can configure in Access Point mode. Refer to Table 26 on page 67 for descriptions of the labels shown in the Navigation panel. Use this section to configure your LAN settings while in Access Point mode. 8.5 LAN Screen Figure 46 Menu: Access Point Mode Click Network > LAN to see the screen below. 76 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 8Access Point Mode Note: If you change the IP address of the NBG-419N in the screen below, you will Figure 47 Network > LAN > IP The table below describes the labels in the screen. need to log into the NBG-419N again using the new IP address. DESCRIPTION Click this to deploy the NBG-419N as an access point in the network. Table 28 Network > LAN > IP LABEL Get from DHCP Server Company Confidential Also when you select this, you cannot enter an IP address for your NBG-
419N in the field below. Click this if you want to specify the IP address of your NBG-419N. Or if your ISP or network administrator gave you a static IP address to access the network or the Internet. Type the IP address in dotted decimal notation. The default setting is 192.168.1.2. If you change the IP address you will have to log in again with the new IP address. The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your NBG-419N will automatically calculate the subnet mask based on the IP address that you assign. Unless you are implementing subnetting, use the subnet mask computed by the NBG-419N. Enter a Gateway IP Address (if your ISP or network administrator gave you one) in this field. When you enable this, the NBG-419N gets its IP address from the networks DHCP server (for example, your ISP). Users connected to the NBG-419N can now access the network (i.e., the Internet if the IP address is given by the ISP). The Web Configurator may no longer be accessible unless you know the IP address assigned by the DHCP server to the NBG-419N. You need to reset the NBG-419N to be able to access the Web Configurator again (see Section 28.3 on page 208 for details on how to reset the NBG-419N). Gateway IP Address DNS Assignment Use Defined LAN IP Address IP Address IP Subnet Mask NBG-419N Users Guide 77 Chapter 8Access Point Mode Apply Reset Second DNS Server LABEL First DNS Server DESCRIPTION Select From ISP if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server information
(and the NBG-419N's WAN IP address). The field to the right displays the
(read-only) DNS server IP address that the ISP assigns. Select None if you do not want to configure DNS servers. If you do not configure a DNS server, you must know the IP address of a computer in order to access it. Click Apply to save your changes to the NBG-419N. Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen. Select User-Defined if you have the IP address of a DNS server. Enter the DNS server's IP address in the field to the right. If you chose User-
Defined, but leave the IP address set to 0.0.0.0, User-Defined changes to None after you click Apply. If you set a second choice to User-
Defined, and enter the same IP address, the second User-Defined changes to None after you click Apply. Company Confidential 78 NBG-419N Users Guide 9.1 Overview CHAPTER 9 WISP Mode Your NBG-419N can act as a wireless client. In wireless client mode, it can connect to an existing network via an access point. Use this mode if you already have an access point or router in your network. In the example below, one NBG-419N (A) is configured as a wireless client and another is used as an access point (B). The wireless client has two clients that need to connect to the Internet. The NBG-419N wirelessly connects to the available access point (B). Company Confidential After the NBG-419N and the access point connect, the NBG-419N acquires its WAN IP address from the access point. The clients of the NBG-419N can now surf the Internet. 9.2 What You Can Do Use the Status screen (Section 8.4 on page 74) to view read-only information Use the LAN screen (Section 8.5 on page 76) to set the IP address for your Use the Wireless LAN screen () to associate your NBG-419N (acting as a wireless client) with an existing access point. Figure 48 Wireless Client Mode NBG-419N acting as an access point. about your NBG-419N. built-in firewall Access Point WISP NBG-419N Users Guide 79 Chapter 9WISP Mode 2 1 9.3 What You Need to Know Figure 49 Changing to WISP mode 9.3.1 Setting your NBG-419N to WISP Mode To set your NBG-419N to AP Mode, go to Maintenance > Sys OP Mode >
General and select WISP Mode. Log into the Web Configurator if you havent already. See the Quick start Guide for instructions on how to do this. With the exception of the LAN screen, the Monitor, Configuration and Maintainance screens in WISP mode are similar to the ones in Router Mode. See Chapter 11 on page 99 through Chapter 30 on page 213 of this Users Guide. Company Confidential Click OK. The Web Configurator refreshes once the change to WISP mode is successful. 9.3.2 Accessing the Web Configurator in WISP Mode 3 When you select WISP Mode, the following pop-up message window appears. Note: You have to log in to the Web Configurator again when you change modes.As soon as you do, your NBG-419N is already in WISP mode. Figure 50 Pop up window for WISP mode To login to Web Configurator in WISP mode, do the following:
80 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 9WISP Mode 1 Connect your computer to the LAN port of the NBG-419N. 2 Click to open the status screen. Figure 51 Status: WISP Mode Note: After clicking Login, the Easy mode appears. Refer to Section on page 51 for 9.4 WISP Mode Status Screen the Easy mode screens. Click Expert mode to see the screens described in the sections following this. If you changed the IP address of your NBG-419N while in Router Mode, use this IP address in WISP mode. The WISP mode IP address is always the same as the Router mode IP adderss. The default IP address of the NBG-419N is 192.168.1.1. If you did not change this, you can use the same IP address in WISP mode. Open a web browser such as Internet Explorer and type 192.168.1.1 as the web address in your web browser. Company Confidential NBG-419N Users Guide 81 Chapter 9WISP Mode The following table describes the labels shown in the Status screen. e WAN ports IP address. 419N is set - WISP Mode. Section 5.1.2 on page 49) to which the NBG-
System Name you enter in the Maintenance > General s subnet mask. s gateway IP address. s DHCP role - Client or Server. screen. It is for identification purposes. Firmware VersionThis is the firmware version and the date created. Sys OP ModeThis is the device mode (
Table 29 Status Screen: WISP Mode LABEL DESCRIPTION LogoutClick this at any time to exit the Web Configurator. Device Information Host NameThis is the WAN Information
- MAC AddressThis shows the WAN Ethernet adapter MAC Address of your device.
- IP AddressThis shows th
- IP Subnet MaskThis shows the WAN port
- Default GatewayThis shows the WAN port
- DHCPThis shows the LAN port LAN Information
- MAC AddressThis shows the LAN Ethernet adapter MAC Address of your device.
- IP AddressThis shows the LAN port
- IP Subnet MaskThis shows the LAN port
- DHCPThis shows the LAN port WLAN Information
- WLAN OP ModeThis is the device mode (
Company Confidential
- MAC AddressThis shows the wireless adapter MAC Address of your device.
- StatusThis shows the current status of the Wireless LAN -
- Name (SSID)This shows a descriptive name used to identify the NBG-419N in the System Status ItemThis column shows the type of data the NBG-419N is recording. DataThis column shows the actual data recorded by the NBG-419N. System Up TimeThis is the total time the NBG-419N has been on. Current Date/TimeThis field displays your NBG-419N System Resource
- Security ModeThis shows the level of wireless security the NBG-419N is using.
- 802.11 ModeThis shows the wireless standard. s IP address. s subnet mask. s DHCP role - Server or None.
- Connect StatusThis shows whether or not the NBG-419N has successfully associated with 419Ns wireless LAN is set - Access Point Mode. an access point - Connected or Disassociated. Section 5.1.2 on page 49) to which the NBG-
s present date and time. wireless LAN. ON or OFF. 82 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 9WISP Mode WLAN. Expert. LAN and Interface Status Table 29 Status Screen: WISP Mode DESCRIPTION LABEL
(line is up or connected). Down (line is down) or Up of the NBG-419Ns processing ability is
- CPU UsageThis displays what percentage StatusFor the LAN and WAN ports, this field displays This shows whether the bandwidth management is enabled or not. InterfaceThis displays the NBG-419N port types. The port types are:
RateFor the LAN ports, this displays the port speed and duplex setting or For the WLAN, it displays Up when the WLAN is enabled or Down when the WLAN is disabled. currently used. When this percentage is close to 100%, the NBG-419N is running at full load, and the throughput is not going to improve anymore. If you want some applications to have more throughput, you should turn off other applications (for example, using bandwidth management.
- Memory UsageThis shows what percentage of the heap memory the NBG-419N is using. System Setting
- FirewallThis shows whether the firewall is enabled or not.
- Bandwidth Management
- UPnPThis shows whether UPnP is enabled or not.
- Configuration ModeThis shows the web configurator mode you are viewing -
Company Confidential Click Details... to go to the Monitor > BW MGMT Monitor screen
(Section 4.3 on page 43). Use this screen to view the amount of network bandwidth that applications running in the network are using. Click Details... to go to the Monitor > DHCP Table screen (Section 4.4 on page 44). Use this screen to view current DHCP client information. Click Details... to go to the Monitor > Packet Statistics screen
(Section 4.5 on page 45). Use this screen to view port status and packet specific statistics. For the WAN port, it displays the port speed and duplex setting if you re using Ethernet encapsulation and Idle (line (ppp) idle), Dial (starting to trigger a call) and Drop (dropping a call) if you're using PPPoE or PPTP encapsulation. This field displays N/A when the line is disconnected. For the WLAN, it displays the maximum transmission rate when the WLAN is enabled and N/A when the WLAN is disabled. Summary BW MGMT Monitor when the line is disconnected. Packet Statistics DHCP Table N/A NBG-419N Users Guide 83 Chapter 9WISP Mode DESCRIPTION 9.5 Wireless LAN General Screen Enter the name of the access point to which you are connecting. The following table describes the labels in this screen. Figure 52 WISP Mode: LAN > General Screen Use this screen to configure the wireless LAN settings of your NBG-419N. Go to Configuration > Wireless LAN > General to open the following screen. Table 30 WISP Mode: LAN > General Screen LABEL Wireless Setup Network Name
(SSID) Security Security Mode Apply Reset Company Confidential Use this screen if the access point to which you want to connect does not use encryption. Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-419N. Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen. Select the security mode of the access point to which you want to connect. 9.5.0.1 No Security Figure 53 No Security (WISP) 84 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 9WISP Mode The following table describes the labels in this screen. DESCRIPTION Select No Security in this field. Figure 54 WEP (WISP) 9.5.1 Static WEP Enter the name of the access point to which you are connecting. Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-419N. Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen. Use this screen if the access point to which you want to connect to uses WEP security mode. Table 31 No Security (WISP) LABEL Wireless Setup Network Name
(SSID) Security Security Mode Apply Reset Company Confidential Table 32 WEP (WISP) LABEL Wireless Setup Network Name (SSID) Security The following table describes the labels in this screen.. Enter the name of the access point to which you are connecting. DESCRIPTION NBG-419N Users Guide 85 Chapter 9WISP Mode ASCII Hex WEP Encryption Authenticatio n Method Table 32 WEP (WISP) LABEL Security Mode PassPhrase Enter a Passphrase (up to 26 printable characters) and click Generate. DESCRIPTION Select Static WEP to enable data encryption. This dictates the length of the security key that the network is going to use. Select Auto or Shared Key from the drop-down list box. This field specifies whether the wireless clients have to provide the WEP key to login to the wireless client. Keep this setting at Auto unless you want to force a key verification before communication between the wireless client and the ZyXEL Device occurs. Select Shared Key to force the clients to provide the WEP key prior to communication. Select this option in order to enter ASCII characters as WEP key. Select this option in order to enter hexadecimal characters as a WEP key. A passphrase functions like a password. In WEP security mode, it is further converted by the NBG-419N into a complicated string that is referred to as the key. This key is requested from all devices wishing to connect to a wireless network. Select 64-bit WEP or 128-bit WEP. Company Confidential You must configure at least one key, only one key can be activated at any one time. The default key is key 1. Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-419N. Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen. The preceding "0x", that identifies a hexadecimal key, is entered automatically. The WEP keys are used to encrypt data. Both the NBG-419N and the wireless stations must use the same WEP key for data transmission. If you chose 64-bit WEP, then enter any 5 ASCII characters or 10 hexadecimal characters ("0-9", "A-F"). If you chose 128-bit WEP, then enter 13 ASCII characters or 26 hexadecimal characters ("0-9", "A-F"). Key 1 to Key 4 Apply Reset 86 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 9WISP Mode 9.5.2 WPA(2)-PSK DESCRIPTION Figure 55 WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK (WISP) The following table describes the labels in this screen. Use this screen if the access point to which you want to connect uses WPA(2)-PSK security mode. Table 33 WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK (WISP) LABEL Wireless Setup Network Name
(SSID) Security Encryption Type Select the type of wireless encryption employed by the access point to Company Confidential Type the pre-shared key employed by the access point to which you want to connect. Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-419N. Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen. Pre-Shared Key WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK uses a simple common password for Enter the name of the access point to which you are connecting. which you want to connect. authentication. Apply Reset NBG-419N Users Guide 87 Chapter 9WISP Mode 9.5.3 Advance Screen The following table describes the labels in this screen. Figure 56 Configuration > Wireless LAN > Advance Screen (WISP) Use this screen to enable the power saving mode of your NBG-419N. Go to Configuration > Wireless LAN to open the following screen. DESCRIPTION Select CAM (Constantly Awake Mode) if you do not want your NBG-
419N to go to sleep when no wireless activity is detected in the Wireless LAN. Table 34 Configuration > Wireless LAN > Advance Screen (WISP) LABEL Power Saving Mode Company Confidential Select Power Saving Mode if you want the NBG-419N to go to sleep when no wireless connection is needed for a period of time. This means the NBG-419N consumes less electrical power. This is the maximum data fragment size that can be sent in a wireless network before the AP fragments the packet into smaller data frames. This value controls how often wireless clients must get permission to send information to the AP. The lower the value, the more often the wireless clients must get permission. If this value is greater than the fragmentation threshold value, then wireless clients never have to get permission to send information to the AP. Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-419N. Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen. RTS Threshold Fragment Threshold Apply Reset 88 NBG-419N Users Guide 10 Tutorials CHAPTER Enabling and Configuring Wireless Security (No WPS) This chapter provides tutorials for your NBG-419N as follows:
10.1 Overview Connecting to the Internet from an Access Point Configuring Wireless Security Using WPS 10.2 Connecting to the Internet from an Access Point Company Confidential This section gives you an example of how to set up wireless network using WPS. This example uses the NBG-419N as the AP and NWD210N as the wireless client which connects to a notebook. This section gives you an example of how to set up an access point (AP) and wireless client (a notebook (B), in this example) for wireless communication. B can access the Internet through the access point wirelessly. 10.3 Configuring Wireless Security Using WPS Figure 57 Wireless Access Point Connection to the Internet NBG-419N Users Guide 89 Chapter 10Tutorials Note: The wireless client must be a WPS-aware device (for example, a WPS USB computer. adapter or PCI card). NWD210N) driver and utility in your notebook. PIN Configuration - create a secure wireless network simply by entering a 2 Make sure that you have installed the wireless client (this example uses the 1 Make sure that your NBG-419N is turned on and that it is within range of your 10.3.1 Push Button Configuration (PBC) Push Button Configuration (PBC) - create a secure wireless network simply by pressing a button. See Section 10.3.1 on page 90.This is the easier method. There are two WPS methods for creating a secure connection. This tutorial shows you how to do both. wireless client's PIN (Personal Identification Number) in the NBG-419Ns interface. See Section 10.3.2 on page 91. This is the more secure method, since one device can authenticate the other. Company Confidential The NBG-419N sends the proper configuration settings to the wireless client. This may take up to two minutes. Then the wireless client is able to communicate with the NBG-419N securely. In the wireless client utility, find the WPS settings. Enable WPS and press the WPS button (Start or WPS button) Log into NBG-419Ns Web Configurator and press the Push Button button in the Network > Wireless Client > WPS Station screen. button in its configuration utility. Both buttons have exactly the same function;
you can use one or the other. Note: Your NBG-419N has a WPS button located on its panel, as well as a WPS Note: It doesnt matter which button is pressed first. You must press the second button within two minutes of pressing the first one. 3 4 90 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 10Tutorials SECURITY INFO WITHIN 2 MINUTES Wireless Client NBG-419N Figure 58 Example WPS Process: PBC Method The following figure shows you an example to set up wireless network and security by pressing a button on both NBG-419N and wireless client (the NWD210N in this example). Company Confidential When you use the PIN configuration method, you need to use both NBG-419Ns configuration interface and the clients utilities. Launch your wireless clients configuration utility. Go to the WPS settings and select the PIN method to get a PIN number. The NBG-419N authenticates the wireless client and sends the proper configuration settings to the wireless client. This may take up to two minutes. Then the wireless client is able to communicate with the NBG-419N securely. 2 Enter the PIN number to the PIN field in the Network > Wireless LAN > WPS 3 Click Start buttons (or button next to the PIN field) on both the wireless client utility screen and the NBG-419Ns WPS Station screen within two minutes. 10.3.2 PIN Configuration Station screen on the NBG-419N. COMMUNICATION 1 NBG-419N Users Guide 91 Chapter 10Tutorials NBG-419N Wireless Client Figure 59 Example WPS Process: PIN Method The following figure shows you the example to set up wireless network and security on NBG-419N and wireless client (ex. NWD210N in this example) by using PIN method. Company Confidential Authentication by PIN WITHIN 2 MINUTES COMMUNICATION SECURITY INFO 92 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 10Tutorials SSID Channel Security
(Pre-Shared Key: ThisismyWPA-PSKpre-sharedkey) SSID_Example3 6 WPA-PSK Follow the steps below to configure the wireless settings on your NBG-419N. 2 Make sure the Enable Wireless LAN check box is selected. 1 Open the Wireless LAN > General screen in the APs Web Configurator. This example shows you how to configure wireless security settings with the following parameters on your NBG-419N. The instructions require that your hardware is connected (see the Quick Start Guide) and you are logged into the Web Configurator through your LAN connection (see Section 3.2 on page 37). 10.4 Enabling and Configuring Wireless Security
(No WPS) Company Confidential 4 Set security mode to WPA-PSK and enter ThisismyWPA-PSKpre-sharedkey in 3 Enter SSID_Example3 as the SSID and select a channel. Figure 60 Tutorial: Network > Wireless LAN > General the Pre-Shared Key field. Click Apply. NBG-419N Users Guide 93 Chapter 10Tutorials 5 Open the Status screen. Verify your wireless and wireless security settings under Device Information and check if the WLAN connection is up under Interface Status. Figure 61 Tutorial: Checking Wireless Settings Company Confidential your screen, go to Start > Programs and click on your utility in the list of programs that appears. The utility displays a list of APs within range, as shown in the example screen below. The NBG-419N supports IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and IEEE 802.11n wireless clients. Make sure that your notebook or computers wireless adapter supports one of these standards. on your computer. See your wireless adapters Users Guide for information on how to do that. 2 Wireless adapters come with software sometimes called a utility that you install 3 After youve installed the utility, open it. If you cannot see your utilitys icon on Note: We use the ZyXEL M-302 wireless adapter utility screens as an example for the 10.4.1 Configure Your Notebook wireless client. The screens may vary for different models. 1 94 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 10Tutorials 4 Select SSID_Example3 and click Connect. Figure 63 Security Settings Figure 62 Connecting a Wireless Client to a Wireless Network t 5 Select WPA-PSK and type the security key in the following screen. Click Next. Company Confidential The Confirm Save window appears. Check your settings and click Save to continue. Figure 64 Confirm Save 6 NBG-419N Users Guide 95 Chapter 10Tutorials If your connection is successful, open your Internet browser and enter http://
www.zyxel.com or the URL of any other web site in the address bar. If you are able to access the web site, your wireless connection is successfully configured. 7 Check the status of your wireless connection in the screen below. If your wireless connection is weak or you have no connection, see the Troubleshooting section of this Users Guide. Figure 65 Link Status Company Confidential 96 NBG-419N Users Guide LAN (135) WAN (119) Wireless LAN (99) DHCP Server (139) Network Address Translation (NAT) (143) PART II Network Company Confidential Dynamic DNS (151) Static Route (153) RIP (157) 97 Company Confidential 98 CHAPTER 11 Wireless LAN Figure 66 Example of a Wireless Network 11.1 Overview The following figure provides an example of a wireless network. This chapter discusses how to configure the wireless network settings in your NBG-419N. See the appendices for more detailed information about wireless networks. Company Confidential The wireless network is the part in the blue circle. In this wireless network, devices A and B are called wireless clients. The wireless clients use the access point (AP) to interact with other devices (such as the printer) or with the Internet. Your NBG-419N is the AP. NBG-419N A B NBG-419N Users Guide 99 Chapter 11Wireless LAN 11.2 What You Can Do station using WPS. wireless LAN is turned on and off. such as e-mail, VoIP, chat, and so on. Distribution System on your NBG-419N. enter the SSID and select the wireless security mode. stations based on their MAC addresses from connecting to the NBG-419N. Use the WDS screen (Section 11.11 on page 115) to configure Wireless Use the WPS Station screen (Section 11.9 on page 113) to add a wireless Use the WPS screen (Section 11.8 on page 112) to quickly set up a wireless Use the Scheduling screen (Section 11.10 on page 114) to set the times your Use the MAC Filter screen (Section 11.5 on page 109) to allow or deny wireless Use the General screen (Section 11.4 on page 103) to enable the Wireless LAN, Use the QoS screen (Section 11.7 on page 111) to set priority levels to services, network with strong security, without having to configure security settings manually. Use the Advanced screen (Section 11.6 on page 110) to allow wireless advanced features, such as intra-BSS networking and set the RTS/CTS Threshold. Company Confidential with the AP. Security stops unauthorized devices from using the wireless network. It can also protect the information that is sent in the wireless network. The following sections introduce different types of wireless security you can set up in the wireless network. Like radio stations or television channels, each wireless network uses a specific channel, or frequency, to send and receive information. The SSID is the name of the wireless network. It stands for Service Set IDentity. 11.3 What You Should Know 11.3.1 Wireless Security Overview Every wireless client in the same wireless network must use security compatible Every wireless client in the same wireless network must use the same SSID. If two wireless networks overlap, they should use different channels. Every wireless network must follow these basic guidelines. 100 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 11Wireless LAN 11.3.1.1 SSID 11.3.1.2 MAC Address Filter This type of security is fairly weak, however, because there are ways for unauthorized devices to get the SSID. In addition, unauthorized devices can still see the information that is sent in the wireless network. Normally, the AP acts like a beacon and regularly broadcasts the SSID in the area. You can hide the SSID instead, in which case the AP does not broadcast the SSID. In addition, you should change the default SSID to something that is difficult to guess. Every wireless client has a unique identification number, called a MAC address.1 A MAC address is usually written using twelve hexadecimal characters2; for example, 00A0C5000002 or 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. To get the MAC address for each wireless client, see the appropriate Users Guide or other documentation. You can use the MAC address filter to tell the AP which wireless clients are allowed or not allowed to use the wireless network. If a wireless client is allowed to use the wireless network, it still has to have the correct settings (SSID, channel, and security). If a wireless client is not allowed to use the wireless network, it does not matter if it has the correct settings. Company Confidential This type of security does not protect the information that is sent in the wireless network. Furthermore, there are ways for unauthorized devices to get the MAC address of an authorized wireless client. Then, they can use that MAC address to use the wireless network. Wireless networks can use encryption to protect the information that is sent in the wireless network. Encryption is like a secret code. If you do not know the secret code, you cannot understand the message. Some wireless devices, such as scanners, can detect wireless networks but cannot use wireless networks. These kinds of wireless devices might not have MAC addresses. Hexadecimal characters are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, and F. 11.3.1.3 Encryption 1. 2. NBG-419N Users Guide 101 Chapter 11Wireless LAN Weakest Strongest The types of encryption you can choose depend on the type of user authentication. Table 35 Types of Encryption for Each Type of Authentication Note: It is recommended that wireless networks use WPA-PSK or stronger NO AUTHENTICATION No Security WEP WPA-PSK WPA2-PSK encryption. IEEE 802.1x and WEP encryption are better than none at all, but it is still possible for unauthorized devices to figure out the original information pretty quickly. Usually, you should set up the strongest encryption that every wireless client in the wireless network supports. Suppose the wireless network has two wireless clients. Device A only supports WEP, and device B supports WEP and WPA-PSK. Therefore, you should set up WEP in the wireless network. Company Confidential WiFi Protected Setup (WPS) is an industry standard specification, defined by the WiFi Alliance. WPS allows you to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without having to configure security settings manually. Depending on the devices in your network, you can either press a button (on the device itself, or in its configuration utility) or enter a PIN (Personal Identification Number) in the devices. Then, they connect and set up a secure network by themselves. See how to set up a secure wireless network using WPS in the Section 10.3 on page 89. When you select WPA2-PSK in your NBG-419N, you can also select an option
(WPA Compatible) to support WPA as well. In this case, if some wireless clients support WPA and some support WPA2, you should set up WPA2-PSK (depending on the type of wireless network login) and select the WPA Compatible option in the NBG-419N. Wireless Distribution System or WDS security is used between bridged APs. It is independent of the security between the wired networks and their respective APs. If you do not enable WDS security, traffic between APs is not encrypted. When WDS security is enabled, both APs must use the same pre-shared key. Many types of encryption use a key to protect the information in the wireless network. The longer the key, the stronger the encryption. Every wireless client in the wireless network must have the same key. 11.3.1.5 WDS 11.3.1.4 WPS 102 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 11Wireless LAN 11.4 General Wireless LAN Screen Figure 67 Network > Wireless LAN > General Click Network > Wireless LAN to open the General screen. Note: If you are configuring the NBG-419N from a computer connected to the wireless Use this screen to enable the Wireless LAN, enter the SSID and select the wireless security mode. LAN and you change the NBG-419Ns SSID, channel or security settings, you will lose your wireless connection when you press Apply to confirm. You must then change the wireless settings of your computer to match the NBG-419Ns new settings. Company Confidential You can turn the wireless LAN on or off using the switch at the rear panel of the NBG-419N. The current wireless state is reflected in this field.
(Service Set IDentity) The SSID identifies the Service Set with which a wireless station is associated. Wireless stations associating to the NBG-
419N must have the same SSID. Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 keyboard characters) for the wireless LAN. Select this check box to hide the SSID in the outgoing beacon frame so a station cannot obtain the SSID through scanning using a site survey tool. Set the operating frequency/channel depending on your particular region. Table 36 Network > Wireless LAN > General LABEL Wireless Setup Wireless LAN This is turned on by default. Refer to the Connection Wizard chapter for more information on channels. This option is only available if Auto Channel Selection is disabled. Select a channel from the drop-down list box. The options vary depending on the frequency band and the country you are in. The following table describes the general wireless LAN labels in this screen. Network Name(SSID) DESCRIPTION Channel Selection Hide SSID NBG-419N Users Guide 103 Chapter 11Wireless LAN Apply Reset and WPA2-PSK are available in this field. 11.4.1 No Security See the rest of this chapter for information on the other labels in this screen. Note: If you enable the WPS function, only No Security, WPA-PSK Or you can select No Security to allow any client to associate this network without authentication. DESCRIPTION This displays the channel the NBG-419N is currently using. Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-419N. Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen. Table 36 Network > Wireless LAN > General LABEL Operating Channel Security Security Mode Select WEP, WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK to add security on this wireless network. The wireless clients which want to associate to this network must have same wireless security settings as the NBG-419N. After you select to use a security, additional options appears in this screen. See 11.4.2 and 11.4.3 sections. Company Confidential Select No Security to allow wireless stations to communicate with the access points without any data encryption. Note: If you do not enable any wireless security on your NBG-419N, your network is accessible to any wireless networking device that is within range. Figure 68 Network > Wireless LAN > General: No Security 104 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 11Wireless LAN The following table describes the labels in this screen. 11.4.2 WEP Encryption Refer to Table 36 on page 103 for descriptions of the other labels in this screen. DESCRIPTION Choose No Security from the drop-down list box. Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-419N. Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen. Your NBG-419N allows you to configure up to four 64-bit or 128-bit WEP keys but only one key can be enabled at any one time. WEP encryption scrambles the data transmitted between the wireless stations and the access points to keep network communications private. It encrypts unicast and multicast communications in a network. Both the wireless stations and the access points must use the same WEP key. Table 37 Network > Wireless LAN > General: No Security LABEL Security Mode Apply Reset Company Confidential NBG-419N Users Guide 105 Chapter 11Wireless LAN Figure 69 Network > Wireless LAN > General: Static WEP In order to configure and enable WEP encryption, click Network > Wireless LAN to display the General screen. Select Static WEP from the Security Mode list. Company Confidential A passphrase functions like a password. In WEP security mode, it is further converted by the NBG-419N into a complicated string that is referred to as the key. This key is requested from all devices wishing to connect to a wireless network. Select 64-bit WEP or 128-bit WEP. Table 38 Network > Wireless LAN > General: Static WEP LABEL Security Mode PassPhrase This dictates the length of the security key that the network is going to use. DESCRIPTION Select Static WEP to enable data encryption. The following table describes the wireless LAN security labels in this screen. Enter a Passphrase (up to 26 printable characters) and click Generate. WEP Encryption 106 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 11Wireless LAN ASCII Hex Key 1 to Key 4 If you chose 128-bit WEP, then enter 13 ASCII characters or 26 hexadecimal characters ("0-9", "A-F"). If you chose 64-bit WEP, then enter any 5 ASCII characters or 10 hexadecimal characters ("0-9", "A-F"). DESCRIPTION Select Auto or Shared Key from the drop-down list box. Table 38 Network > Wireless LAN > General: Static WEP LABEL Authenticatio n Method This field specifies whether the wireless clients have to provide the WEP key to login to the wireless client. Keep this setting at Auto unless you want to force a key verification before communication between the wireless client and the ZyXEL Device occurs. The preceding "0x", that identifies a hexadecimal key, is entered automatically. The WEP keys are used to encrypt data. Both the NBG-419N and the wireless stations must use the same WEP key for data transmission. Select Shared Key to force the clients to provide the WEP key prior to communication. Select this option in order to enter ASCII characters as WEP key. Select this option in order to enter hexadecimal characters as a WEP key. Company Confidential You must configure at least one key, only one key can be activated at any one time. The default key is key 1. Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-419N. Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen. Refer to Table 36 on page 103 for descriptions of the other labels in this screen. Apply Reset NBG-419N Users Guide 107 Chapter 11Wireless LAN 11.4.3 WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK Figure 70 Network > Wireless LAN > General: WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK Click Network > Wireless LAN to display the General screen. Select WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK from the Security Mode list. Company Confidential Table 39 Network > Wireless LAN > General: WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK LABEL Security Mode WPA-PSK Compatible DESCRIPTION Select WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK to enable data encryption. This field appears when you choose WPA-PSK2 as the Security Mode. Type a pre-shared key from 8 to 63 case-sensitive keyboard characters. The Group Key Update Timer is the rate at which the AP sends a new group key out to all clients. The default is 3600 seconds (60 minutes). Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-419N. Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen. Check this field to allow wireless devices using WPA-PSK security mode to connect to your NBG-419N. Refer to Table 36 on page 103 for descriptions of the other labels in this screen. Pre-Shared Key WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK uses a simple common password for The following table describes the labels in this screen. Group Key Update Timer authentication. Apply Reset 108 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 11Wireless LAN 11.5 MAC Filter Figure 71 Network > Wireless LAN > MAC Filter To change your NBG-419Ns MAC filter settings, click Network > Wireless LAN
> MAC Filter. The screen appears as shown. The MAC filter screen allows you to configure the NBG-419N to give exclusive access to devices (Allow) or exclude devices from accessing the NBG-419N
(Deny). Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. You need to know the MAC address of the devices to configure this screen. Company Confidential Select Reject to block access to the NBG-419N, MAC addresses not listed will be allowed to access the NBG-419N Enter the MAC addresses of the wireless station that are allowed or denied access to the NBG-419N in these address fields. Enter the MAC addresses in a valid MAC address format, that is, six hexadecimal character pairs, for example, 12:34:56:78:9a:bc. Click Add. Click the delete icon to remove the MAC address from the list. This is the MAC address of the wireless station that are allowed or denied access to the NBG-419N. Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-419N. Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen. Table 40 Network > Wireless LAN > MAC Filter LABEL Access Policy Policy MAC Filter Summary Delete MAC Address Apply Reset Define the filter action for the list of MAC addresses in the MAC Address table. Select Allow to permit access to the NBG-419N, MAC addresses not listed will be denied access to the NBG-419N. The following table describes the labels in this menu. Add a station Mac Address DESCRIPTION NBG-419N Users Guide 109 Chapter 11Wireless LAN 11.6 Wireless LAN Advanced Screen Figure 72 Network > Wireless LAN > Advanced Click Network > Wireless LAN > Advanced. The screen appears as shown. Use this screen to allow wireless advanced features, such as intra-BSS networking and set the RTS/CTS Threshold Company Confidential Enter a value between 256 and 2432. The threshold (number of bytes) for the fragmentation boundary for directed messages. It is the maximum data fragment size that can be sent. Enter an even number between 256 and 2346. A Basic Service Set (BSS) exists when all communications between wireless clients or between a wireless client and a wired network client go through one access point (AP). Intra-BSS traffic is traffic between wireless clients in the BSS. When Intra-
BSS is enabled, wireless client A and B can access the wired network and communicate with each other. When Intra-BSS is disabled, wireless client A and B can still access the wired network but cannot communicate with each other. density of APs in an area, decrease the output power of the NBG-419N to reduce interference with other APs. Select one of the following 100%, 90%, 75%, 50%, 25%, 10% or Minimum. See the product specifications for more information on your NBG-419N s output power. Table 41 Network > Wireless LAN > Advanced LABEL RTS/CTS Threshold DESCRIPTION Data with its frame size larger than this value will perform the RTS
(Request To Send)/CTS (Clear To Send) handshake. HT (High Throughput) Physical Mode - Use the fields below to configure the 802.11 wireless environment of your NBG-419N. Output Power Set the output power of the NBG-419N in this field. If there is a high The following table describes the labels in this screen. Fragmentatio n Threshold Enable Intra-
BSS Traffic 110 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 11Wireless LAN Guard Interval Extension Channel Channel Bandwidth It is recommended that you select 20/40 (20/40 MHz). Table 41 Network > Wireless LAN > Advanced LABEL Operating Mode DESCRIPTION Choose this according to the wireless mode(s) used in your network. Mixed Mode - Select this if the wireless clients in your network use different wireless modes (for example, IEEE 802.11b/g and IEEE 802.1n modes) Green Mode - Select this if the wireless clients in your network uses only one type of wireless mode (for example, IEEEE 802.11 n only) Select the channel bandwidth you want to use for your wireless network. Select 20 MHz if you want to lessen radio interference with other wireless devices in your neighborhood. Select Auto to increase data throughput. However, this may make data transfer more prone to errors. Select Long to prioritize data integrity. This may be because your wireless network is busy and congested or the NBG-419N is located in an environment prone to radio interference. This is set to Auto by default. Company Confidential If you select 20/40 as your Channel Bandwidth, the extension channel enables the NBG-419N to get higher data throughput. This also lowers radio interference and traffic. Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-419N. Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen. The QoS screen allows you to automatically give a service (such as VoIP and video) a priority level. 11.7 Quality of Service (QoS) Screen Click Network > Wireless LAN > QoS. The following screen appears. Figure 73 Network > Wireless LAN > QoS Apply Reset NBG-419N Users Guide 111 Chapter 11Wireless LAN The following table describes the labels in this screen. Apply Reset DESCRIPTION Figure 74 Network > Wireless LAN > WPS 11.8 WPS Screen Table 42 Network > Wireless LAN > QoS LABEL Enable WMM QoSCheck this to have the NBG-419N automatically give a service a Use this screen to enable/disable WPS, view or generate a new PIN number and check current WPS status. To open this screen, click Network > Wireless LAN >
WPS tab. priority level according to the ToS value in the IP header of packets it sends. WMM QoS (Wifi MultiMedia Quality of Service) gives high priority to voice and video, which makes them run more smoothly. Click Apply to save your changes to the NBG-419N. Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen. Company Confidential Table 43 Network > Wireless LAN > WPS LABEL WPS Setup Enable WPS PIN Number Select this to enable the WPS feature. This displays a PIN number last time system generated. Click Generate to generate a new PIN number. The following table describes the labels in this screen. DESCRIPTION Status 112 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 11Wireless LAN 802.11 Mode Release Configuration SSID Security Apply Refresh Table 43 Network > Wireless LAN > WPS LABEL Status DESCRIPTION This displays Configured when the NBG-419N has connected to a wireless network using WPS or when Enable WPS is selected and wireless or wireless security settings have been changed. The current wireless and wireless security settings also appear in the screen. This displays Unconfigured if WPS is disabled and there are no wireless or wireless security changes on the NBG-419N or you click Release_Configuration to remove the configured wireless and wireless security settings. This button is only available when the WPS status displays Configured. Click this button to remove all configured wireless and wireless security settings for WPS connections on the NBG-419N. This is the 802.11 mode used. Only compliant WLAN devices can associate with the NBG-419N. This is the name of the wireless network. This is the type of wireless security employed by the network. Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-419N. Click Refresh to get this screen information afresh. Company Confidential button in the wireless station utility within 2 minutes. To add the second wireless station, you have to press these buttons on both device and the wireless station again after the first 2 minutes. Use this screen when you want to add a wireless station using WPS. To open this screen, click Network > Wireless LAN > WPS Station tab. 11.9 WPS Station Screen Note: Note: After you click Push Button on this screen, you have to press a similar Figure 75 Network > Wireless LAN > WPS Station NBG-419N Users Guide 113 Chapter 11Wireless LAN The following table describes the labels in this screen. Or input stations PIN number 11.10 Scheduling Screen Type the same PIN number generated in the wireless station s utility. Then click Start to associate to each other and perform the wireless security information synchronization. Table 44 Network > Wireless LAN > WPS Station LABEL Push Button DESCRIPTION Use this button when you use the PBC (Push Button Configuration) method to configure wireless stationss wireless settings. See Section 10.3.1 on page 90. Click this to start WPS-aware wireless station scanning and the wireless security information synchronization. Use this button when you use the PIN Configuration method to configure wireless stations wireless settings. See Section 10.3.2 on page 91. Use this screen to set the times your wireless LAN is turned on and off. Wireless LAN scheduling is disabled by default. The wireless LAN can be scheduled to turn on or off on certain days and at certain times. To open this screen, click Network
> Wireless LAN > Scheduling tab. Company Confidential Figure 76 Network > Wireless LAN > Scheduling 114 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 11Wireless LAN The following table describes the labels in this screen. Day Apply Reset DESCRIPTION Select this to enable Wireless LAN scheduling. For the following times
(24-Hour Format) Table 45 Network > Wireless LAN > Scheduling LABEL Wireless LAN Scheduling Enable Wireless LAN Scheduling Scheduling WLAN Status Select On or Off to specify whether the Wireless LAN is turned on or off. This field works in conjunction with the Day and Except for the following times fields. Select Everyday or the specific days to turn the Wireless LAN on or off. If you select Everyday you can not select any specific days. This field works in conjunction with the Except for the following times field. Select a begin time using the first set of hour and minute (min) drop down boxes and select an end time using the second set of hour and minute (min) drop down boxes. If you have chosen On earlier for the WLAN Status the Wireless LAN will turn on between the two times you enter in these fields. If you have chosen Off earlier for the WLAN Status the Wireless LAN will turn off between the two times you enter in these fields. Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-419N. Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen. Company Confidential A Wireless Distribution System is a wireless connection between two or more APs. Use this screen to set the operating mode of your NBG-419N to AP + Bridge or Bridge Only and establish wireless links with other APs. You need to know the MAC address of the peer device, which also must be in bridge mode. Note: You must enable the same wireless security settings on the NBG-419N and on 11.11 WDS Screen all wireless clients that you want to associate with it. NBG-419N Users Guide 115 Chapter 11Wireless LAN The following table describes the labels in this screen. Figure 77 Network > Wireless LAN > WDS Click Network > Wireless LAN > WDS tab. The following screen opens with the Basic Setting set to Disabled, and Security Mode set to No Security. Company Confidential Select the Phy mode you want the NBG-419N to use. This dictates the maximum size of packets during data transmission. This is the MAC address of the peer device that your NBG-419N wants to make a bridge connection with. Table 46 Network > Wireless LAN > WDS LABEL WDS Setup Basic Settings Otherwise, select No Security. The Encryp key is used to encrypt data. Peers must use the same key for data transmission. establishes wireless links with other APs. You need to know the MAC address of the peer device, which also must be in bridge mode. The NBG-419N can establish up to five wireless links with other APs. Select whether to use WEP, TKIP or AES encryption for your WDS connection in this field. AP + Bridge - The NBG-419N functions as a bridge and access point Bridge - The NBG-419N acts as a wireless network bridge and Select the operating mode for your NBG-419N. This is the MAC address of your NBG-419N. You can connect to up to 4 peer devices. Local MAC Address Phy Mode Security EncrypType Remote MAC Address DESCRIPTION simultaneously. EncrypKey 116 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 11Wireless LAN Table 46 Network > Wireless LAN > WDS LABEL Apply Refresh DESCRIPTION Click Apply to save your changes to NBG-419N. Click Refresh to reload the previous configuration for this screen. Company Confidential NBG-419N Users Guide 117 Chapter 11Wireless LAN Company Confidential 118 NBG-419N Users Guide 12 WAN CHAPTER Figure 78 LAN and WAN 12.1 Overview This chapter discusses the NBG-419Ns WAN screens. Use these screens to configure your NBG-419N for Internet access. A WAN (Wide Area Network) connection is an outside connection to another network or the Internet. It connects your private networks such as a LAN (Local Area Network) and other networks, so that a computer in one location can communicate with computers in other locations. Company Confidential ISP information and set how the computer acquires its IP, DNS and WAN MAC addresses. 12.2 What You Can Do Use the Internet Connection screen (Section 12.4 on page 122) to enter your Use the Advanced screen (Section 12.5 on page 132) to enable multicasting, Use IGMP Snooping screen (Section 12.6 on page 132) to enable IGMP configure Windows networking and bridge. snooping in the LAN ports. NBG-419N Users Guide 119 Chapter 12WAN 12.3 What You Need To Know WAN IP Address Encapsulation Method 12.3.1 Configuring Your Internet Connection The information in this section can help you configure the screens for your WAN connection, as well as enable/disable some advanced features of your NBG-419N. The WAN IP address is an IP address for the NBG-419N, which makes it accessible from an outside network. It is used by the NBG-419N to communicate with other devices in other networks. It can be static (fixed) or dynamically assigned by the ISP each time the NBG-419N tries to access the Internet. Encapsulation is used to include data from an upper layer protocol into a lower layer protocol. To set up a WAN connection to the Internet, you need to use the same encapsulation method used by your ISP (Internet Service Provider). If your ISP offers a dial-up Internet connection using PPPoE (PPP over Ethernet) or PPTP
(Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol), they should also provide a username and password (and service name) for user authentication. Company Confidential Use Domain Name System (DNS) to map a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice versa, for instance, the IP address of www.zyxel.com is 204.217.0.2. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must know the IP address of a computer before you can access it. If your ISP assigns you a static WAN IP address, they should also assign you the subnet mask and DNS server IP address(es) (and a gateway IP address if you use the Ethernet or ENET ENCAP encapsulation method). The ISP tells you the DNS server addresses, usually in the form of an information sheet, when you sign up. If your ISP gives you DNS server addresses, manually enter them in the DNS server fields. If your ISP dynamically assigns the DNS server IP addresses (along with the NBG-
419Ns WAN IP address), set the DNS server fields to get the DNS server address from the ISP. The NBG-419N can get the DNS server addresses in the following ways. DNS Server Address Assignment 1 2 120 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 12WAN WAN MAC Address Figure 79 Multicast Example 12.3.2 Multicast Traditionally, IP packets are transmitted in one of either two ways - Unicast (1 sender - 1 recipient) or Broadcast (1 sender - everybody on the network). Multicast delivers IP packets to a group of hosts on the network - not everybody and not just 1. Otherwise, click Clone the computer's MAC address - IP Address and enter the IP address of the computer on the LAN whose MAC you are cloning. Once it is successfully configured, the address will be copied to configuration file. It is recommended that you clone the MAC address prior to hooking up the WAN Port. The MAC address screen allows users to configure the WAN port's MAC address by either using the factory default or cloning the MAC address from a computer on your LAN. Choose Factory Default to select the factory assigned default MAC Address. Company Confidential IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership in a multicast group - it is not used to carry user data. The NBG-419N supports both IGMP version 1 (IGMP-v1) and IGMP version 2 (IGMP-
v2). At start up, the NBG-419N queries all directly connected networks to gather group membership. After that, the NBG-419N periodically updates this information. IP multicasting can be enabled/disabled on the NBG-419N LAN and/or WAN In the multicast example above, systems A and D comprise one multicast group. In multicasting, the server only needs to send one data stream and this is delivered to systems A and D. NBG-419N Users Guide 121 Chapter 12WAN This screen displays when you select Ethernet encapsulation. interfaces in the Web Configurator (LAN; WAN). Select None to disable IP multicasting on these interfaces. 12.4.1 Ethernet Encapsulation Figure 80 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: Ethernet Encapsulation 12.4 Internet Connection Use this screen to change your NBG-419Ns Internet access settings. Click WAN from the Configuration menu. The screen differs according to the encapsulation you choose. Company Confidential 122 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 12WAN The following table describes the labels in this screen. IP Address IP Subnet Mask Gateway IP Address Select this option If the ISP assigned a fixed IP address. Enter a Gateway IP Address (if your ISP gave you one) in this field. WAN DNS Assignment First DNS Server You must choose the Ethernet option when the WAN port is used as a regular Ethernet. Select this option If your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address. This is the default selection. WAN IP Address Assignment Get automatically from ISP
(Default) Use Fixed IP Address Enter your WAN IP address in this field if you selected Use Fixed IP Address. Enter the IP Subnet Mask in this field. Table 47 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: Ethernet Encapsulation LABEL DESCRIPTION ISP Parameters for Internet Access Encapsulation Company Confidential Select None if you do not want to configure DNS servers. If you do not configure a DNS server, you must know the IP address of a computer in order to access it. The MAC address section allows users to configure the WAN port's MAC address by either using the NBG-419Ns MAC address, copying the MAC address from a computer on your LAN or manually entering a MAC address. Select Factory default to use the factory assigned default MAC Address. Select Clone the computer's MAC address - IP Address and enter the IP address of the computer on the LAN whose MAC you are cloning. Select User-Defined if you have the IP address of a DNS server. Enter the DNS server's IP address in the field to the right. If you chose User-
Defined, but leave the IP address set to 0.0.0.0, User-Defined changes to None after you click Apply. If you set a second choice to User-Defined, and enter the same IP address, the second User-
Defined changes to None after you click Apply. Select From ISP if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server information (and the NBG-419N's WAN IP address). The field to the right displays the (read-only) DNS server IP address that the ISP assigns. Clone the computers MAC address - IP Address Set WAN MAC Address Apply Reset Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-419N. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. Select this option and enter the MAC address you want to use. Second DNS Server WAN MAC Address Factory default NBG-419N Users Guide 123 Chapter 12WAN 12.4.2 PPPoE Encapsulation For the service provider, PPPoE offers an access and authentication method that works with existing access control systems (for example Radius). Operationally, PPPoE saves significant effort for both you and the ISP or carrier, as it requires no specific configuration of the broadband modem at the customer site. One of the benefits of PPPoE is the ability to let you access one of multiple network services, a function known as dynamic service selection. This enables the service provider to easily create and offer new IP services for individuals. The NBG-419N supports PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet). PPPoE is an IETF standard (RFC 2516) specifying how a personal computer (PC) interacts with a broadband modem (DSL, cable, wireless, etc.) connection. The PPP over Ethernet option is for a dial-up connection using PPPoE. By implementing PPPoE directly on the NBG-419N (rather than individual computers), the computers on the LAN do not need PPPoE software installed, since the NBG-419N does that part of the task. Furthermore, with NAT, all of the LANs computers will have access. Company Confidential 124 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 12WAN This screen displays when you select PPPoE encapsulation. Figure 81 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPPoE Encapsulation Company Confidential Table 48 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPPoE Encapsulation LABEL ISP Parameters for Internet Access Encapsulation User Name Password Retype to Confirm MTU Size Select PPP over Ethernet if you connect to your Internet via dial-up. Type the user name given to you by your ISP. Type the password associated with the user name above. Type your password again to make sure that you have entered is correctly. Enter the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) or the largest packet size per frame that your NBG-419N can receive and process. Select Nailed-Up Connection if you do not want the connection to time out. The following table describes the labels in this screen. Nailed-Up Connection DESCRIPTION NBG-419N Users Guide 125 Chapter 12WAN My WAN IP Address Second DNS Server Select this option If the ISP assigned a fixed IP address. WAN DNS Assignment First DNS Server Enter your WAN IP address in this field if you selected Use Fixed IP Address. Select this option If your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address. This is the default selection. Select From ISP if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server information
(and the NBG-419N's WAN IP address). The field to the right displays the (read-only) DNS server IP address that the ISP assigns. DESCRIPTION This value specifies the time in minutes that elapses before the router automatically disconnects from the PPPoE server. Select User-Defined if you have the IP address of a DNS server. Enter the DNS server's IP address in the field to the right. If you chose User-
Defined, but leave the IP address set to 0.0.0.0, User-Defined changes to None after you click Apply. If you set a second choice to User-Defined, and enter the same IP address, the second User-
Defined changes to None after you click Apply. Table 48 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPPoE Encapsulation LABEL Idle Timeout
(sec) WAN IP Address Assignment Get automatically from ISP Use Fixed IP Address Company Confidential Select None if you do not want to configure DNS servers. If you do not configure a DNS server, you must know the IP address of a computer in order to access it. The MAC address section allows users to configure the WAN port's MAC address by using the NBG-419Ns MAC address, copying the MAC address from a computer on your LAN or manually entering a MAC address. Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) is a network protocol that enables secure transfer of data from a remote client to a private server, creating a Virtual Private Network (VPN) using TCP/IP-based networks. Address. Select Clone the computer's MAC address - IP Address and enter the IP address of the computer on the LAN whose MAC you are cloning. Clone the computers MAC address -
IP Address Set WAN MAC Address Apply Reset Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-419N. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. 12.4.3 PPTP Encapsulation Factory default Select Factory default to use the factory assigned default MAC Select this option and enter the MAC address you want to use. WAN MAC Address 126 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 12WAN This screen displays when you select PPTP encapsulation. PPTP supports on-demand, multi-protocol and virtual private networking over public networks, such as the Internet. Figure 82 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPTP Encapsulation Company Confidential NBG-419N Users Guide 127 Chapter 12WAN The following table describes the labels in this screen. DESCRIPTION Nailed-up Connection Idle Timeout PPTP Configuration Server IP Address Get automatically from ISP Use Fixed IP Address Type the IP address of the PPTP server. Select this option If your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address. This is the default selection. Select this option If the ISP assigned a fixed IP address. User Name Password Retype to Confirm Type your password again to make sure that you have entered is correctly. Select Nailed-Up Connection if you do not want the connection to time out. This value specifies the time in minutes that elapses before the NBG-419N automatically disconnects from the PPTP server. To configure a PPTP client, you must configure the User Name and Password fields for a PPP connection and the PPTP parameters for a PPTP connection. Type the user name given to you by your ISP. Type the password associated with the User Name above. Table 49 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPTP Encapsulation LABEL ISP Parameters for Internet Access Connection Type Company Confidential Enter your WAN IP address in this field if you selected Use Fixed IP Address. Your NBG-419N will automatically calculate the subnet mask based on the IP address that you assign. Unless you are implementing subnetting, use the subnet mask computed by the NBG-419N. Enter a Gateway IP Address (if your ISP gave you one) in this field. WAN IP Address Assignment Get automatically from ISP Use Fixed IP Address Enter your WAN IP address in this field if you selected Use Fixed IP Address. Select this option If the ISP assigned a fixed IP address. Select this to get your WAN IP address from your ISP. Gateway IP Address WAN DNS Assignment My WAN IP Address IP Subnet Mask IP Address 128 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 12WAN Factory default WAN MAC Address Second DNS Server Table 49 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPTP Encapsulation LABEL First DNS Server DESCRIPTION Select From ISP if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server information (and the NBG-419N's WAN IP address). The field to the right displays the (read-only) DNS server IP address that the ISP assigns. Select User-Defined if you have the IP address of a DNS server. Enter the DNS server's IP address in the field to the right. If you chose User-Defined, but leave the IP address set to 0.0.0.0, User-
Defined changes to None after you click Apply. If you set a second choice to User-Defined, and enter the same IP address, the second User-Defined changes to None after you click Apply. Select None if you do not want to configure DNS servers. If you do not configure a DNS server, you must know the IP address of a computer in order to access it. The MAC address section allows users to configure the WAN port's MAC address by either using the NBG-419Ns MAC address, copying the MAC address from a computer on your LAN or manually entering a MAC address. Select Factory default to use the factory assigned default MAC Address. Select Clone the computer's MAC address - IP Address and enter the IP address of the computer on the LAN whose MAC you are cloning. Company Confidential The Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) works at layer 2 (the data link layer) to tunnel network traffic between two peer devices over another network (like the Internet). Clone the computers MAC address - IP Address Set WAN MAC Address Apply Reset Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-419N. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. 12.4.4 L2TP Encapsulation Select this option and enter the MAC address you want to use. NBG-419N Users Guide 129 Chapter 12WAN This screen displays when you select L2TP encapsulation. Figure 83 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: L2TP Encapsulation Company Confidential Table 50 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: L2TP Encapsulation LABEL ISP Parameters for Internet Access Connection Type To configure a L2TP client, you must configure the User Name and Password fields for a layer-2 connection and the L2TP parameters for an L2TP connection. Type the user name given to you by your ISP. Type the password associated with the User Name above. User Name Password Retype to Confirm Type your password again to make sure that you have entered is Type the IP address of the L2TP server. Select this option If your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address. This is the default selection. L2TP Configuration Server IP Address Get automatically from ISP The following table describes the labels in this screen. DESCRIPTION correctly. 130 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 12WAN IP Address IP Subnet Mask Second DNS Server My WAN IP Address Gateway IP Address Select this to get your WAN IP address from your ISP. WAN DNS Assignment First DNS Server Select this option If the ISP assigned a fixed IP address. Enter your WAN IP address in this field if you selected Use Fixed IP Address. DESCRIPTION Select this option If the ISP assigned a fixed IP address. WAN IP Address Assignment Get automatically from ISP Use Fixed IP Address Table 50 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: L2TP Encapsulation LABEL Use Fixed IP Address Enter your WAN IP address in this field if you selected Use Fixed IP Address. Your NBG-419N will automatically calculate the subnet mask based on the IP address that you assign. Unless you are implementing subnetting, use the subnet mask computed by the NBG-419N. Enter a Gateway IP Address (if your ISP gave you one) in this field. Company Confidential Select None if you do not want to configure DNS servers. If you do not configure a DNS server, you must know the IP address of a computer in order to access it. The MAC address section allows users to configure the WAN port's MAC address by either using the NBG-419Ns MAC address, copying the MAC address from a computer on your LAN or manually entering a MAC address. Select Factory default to use the factory assigned default MAC Address. Select Clone the computer's MAC address - IP Address and enter the IP address of the computer on the LAN whose MAC you are cloning. Select User-Defined if you have the IP address of a DNS server. Enter the DNS server's IP address in the field to the right. If you chose User-Defined, but leave the IP address set to 0.0.0.0, User-
Defined changes to None after you click Apply. If you set a second choice to User-Defined, and enter the same IP address, the second User-Defined changes to None after you click Apply. Select From ISP if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server information (and the NBG-419N's WAN IP address). The field to the right displays the (read-only) DNS server IP address that the ISP assigns. Clone the computers MAC address - IP Address Set WAN MAC Address Apply Reset Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-419N. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. Select this option and enter the MAC address you want to use. WAN MAC Address Factory default NBG-419N Users Guide 131 Chapter 12WAN 12.5 Advanced WAN Screen Figure 84 Network > WAN > Advanced The following table describes the labels in this screen. Use this screen to enable Multicast and enable Auto-bridge. Note: The categories shown in this screen are independent of each other. To change your NBG-419Ns advanced WAN settings, click Network > WAN >
Advanced. The screen appears as shown. Company Confidential Select this option to have the NBG-419N switch to bridge mode automatically when the NBG-419N gets a WAN IP address in the range of 192.168.x.y (where x and y are from zero to nine) no matter what the LAN IP address is. Table 51 Network > WAN > Advanced LABEL Multicast Setup Multicast Use this screen to enable IGMP snooping if you have LAN users that subscribe to multicast services. 12.6 IGMP Snooping Screen Select None to disable this feature. This may cause incoming traffic to be dropped or sent to all connected network devices. Select IGMPv1/v2 to enable multicasting. This applies to traffic routed from the WAN to the LAN. Auto-bridge Enable Auto-bridge mode Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-419N. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. ApplyClick Reset DESCRIPTION 132 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 12WAN The following table describes the labels in this screen. Figure 85 Network > WAN > IGMP Snooping IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership in a multicast group - it is not used to carry user data. Click Network > WAN > IGMP Snooping. The screen appears as shown. Company Confidential Table 52 Network > WAN > IGMP Snooping LABEL Auto-bridge Enable IGMP Snooping Select this option to have the NBG-419N use IGMP snooping. Check the LAN port/s to which IGMP snooping applies. Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-419N. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. ApplyClick Reset DESCRIPTION NBG-419N Users Guide 133 Chapter 12WAN Company Confidential 134 NBG-419N Users Guide 13 LAN CHAPTER Figure 86 LAN Example This chapter describes how to configure LAN settings. 13.1 Overview A Local Area Network (LAN) is a shared communication system to which many computers are attached. A LAN is a computer network limited to the immediate area, usually the same building or floor of a building. The LAN screens can help you configure a LAN DHCP server, manage IP addresses, and partition your physical network into logical networks. Company Confidential 13.2 What You Can Do Use the IP screen (Section 13.4 on page 137) to change the IP address for your Use the IP Alias screen (Section 13.5 on page 138) to have the NBG-419N The LAN screens can help you manage IP addresses. apply IP alias to create LAN subnets. NBG-419N. NBG-419N Users Guide 135 Chapter 13LAN 13.3 What You Need To Know Figure 87 LAN and WAN IP Addresses The LAN parameters of the NBG-419N are preset in the factory with the following values:
The actual physical connection determines whether the NBG-419N ports are LAN or WAN ports. There are two separate IP networks, one inside the LAN network and the other outside the WAN network as shown next. Company Confidential The NBG-419N is pre-configured with a pool of 32 IP addresses starting from 192.168.1.33 to 192.168.1.64. This configuration leaves 31 IP addresses
(excluding the NBG-419N itself) in the lower range (192.168.1.2 to 192.168.1.32) for other server computers, for instance, servers for mail, FTP, TFTP, web, etc., that you may have. These parameters should work for the majority of installations. If your ISP gives you explicit DNS server address(es), read the embedded Web Configurator help regarding what fields need to be configured. IP address of 192.168.1.1 with subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 (24 bits) DHCP server enabled with 32 client IP addresses starting from 192.168.1.33. The NBG-419N has built-in DHCP server capability that assigns IP addresses and DNS servers to systems that support DHCP client capability. 13.3.1 IP Pool Setup 13.3.2 LAN TCP/IP 136 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 13LAN 13.3.3 IP Alias Figure 88 Network > LAN > IP 13.4 LAN IP Screen Use this screen to change the IP address for your NBG-419N. Click Network >
LAN > IP. IP alias allows you to partition a physical network into different logical networks over the same Ethernet interface. The NBG-419N supports three logical LAN interfaces via its single physical Ethernet interface with the NBG-419N itself as the gateway for each LAN network. Company Confidential DESCRIPTION Type the IP address of your NBG-419N in dotted decimal notation. The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your NBG-419N will automatically calculate the subnet mask based on the IP address that you assign. Unless you are implementing subnetting, use the subnet mask computed by the NBG-419N. Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-419N. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. Table 53 Network > LAN > IP LABEL IP Address IP Subnet Mask The following table describes the labels in this screen. Apply Reset NBG-419N Users Guide 137 Chapter 13LAN 13.5 IP Alias Screen Figure 89 Network > LAN > IP Alias The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 54 Network > LAN > IP Alias LABEL IP Alias IP Address Use this screen to have the NBG-419N apply IP alias to create LAN subnets. Click LAN IP Alias. Company Confidential DESCRIPTION Check this to enable IP alias. Type the IP alias address of your NBG-419N in dotted decimal notation. The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your NBG-419N will automatically calculate the subnet mask based on the IP address that you assign. Unless you are implementing subnetting, use the subnet mask computed by the NBG-419N. Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-419N. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. IP Subnet Mask Apply Reset 138 NBG-419N Users Guide CHAPTER 14 DHCP Server 14.1 Overview 14.2 What You Can Do DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual clients to obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can configure the NBG-419Ns LAN as a DHCP server or disable it. When configured as a server, the NBG-419N provides the TCP/IP configuration for the clients. If DHCP service is disabled, you must have another DHCP server on your LAN, or else the computer must be manually configured. Company Confidential Use the General (Section 14.3 on page 139) screen to enable the DHCP server. Use the Advanced (Section 14.4 on page 140) screen to assign IP addresses on Use this screen to enable the DHCP server. Click Network > DHCP Server. The following screen displays. 14.3 General Screen the LAN to specific individual computers based on their MAC Addresses. Figure 90 Network > DHCP Server > General NBG-419N Users Guide 139 Chapter 14DHCP Server The following table describes the labels in this screen. DESCRIPTION Enable or Disable DHCP for LAN. 14.4 Advanced Screen This field specifies the first of the contiguous addresses in the IP address pool for LAN. This field specifies the size, or count of the IP address pool for LAN. Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-419N. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. This screen allows you to assign IP addresses on the LAN to specific individual computers based on their MAC addresses. You can also use this screen to configure the DNS server information that the NBG-419N sends to the DHCP clients. Table 55 Network > DHCP Server > General LABEL Enable DHCP Server IP Pool Starting Address Pool Size Apply Reset Company Confidential To change your NBG-419Ns static DHCP settings, click Network > DHCP Server
> Advanced. The following screen displays. Figure 91 Network > DHCP Server > Advanced 140 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 14DHCP Server The following table describes the labels in this screen. First DNS Server DESCRIPTION Second DNS Server Type the MAC address (with colons) of a computer on your LAN. Type the LAN IP address of a computer on your LAN. The NBG-419N passes a DNS (Domain Name System) server IP address (in the order you specify here) to the DHCP clients. The NBG-
419N only passes this information to the LAN DHCP clients when you select the Enable DHCP Server check box. When you clear the Enable DHCP Server check box, DHCP service is disabled and you must have another DHCP sever on your LAN, or else the computers must have their DNS server addresses manually configured. Select From ISP if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server information (and the NBG-419N's WAN IP address). The field to the right displays the (read-only) DNS server IP address that the ISP assigns. Table 56 Network > DHCP Server > Advanced LABEL LAN Static DHCP Table
#This is the index number of the static IP table entry (row). MAC Address IP Address DNS Server DNS Servers Assigned by DHCP Server Company Confidential Select DNS Relay to have the NBG-419N act as a DNS proxy. The NBG-419N's LAN IP address displays in the field to the right (read-
only). The NBG-419N tells the DHCP clients on the LAN that the NBG-
419N itself is the DNS server. When a computer on the LAN sends a DNS query to the NBG-419N, the NBG-419N forwards the query to the NBG-419N's system DNS server (configured in the WAN > Internet Connection screen) and relays the response back to the computer. You can only select DNS Relay for one of the three servers; if you select DNS Relay for a second or third DNS server, that choice changes to None after you click Apply. Select User-Defined if you have the IP address of a DNS server. Enter the DNS server's IP address in the field to the right. If you chose User-Defined, but leave the IP address set to 0.0.0.0, User-Defined changes to None after you click Apply. If you set a second choice to User-Defined, and enter the same IP address, the second User-
Defined changes to None after you click Apply. Select None if you do not want to configure DNS servers. If you do not configure a DNS server, you must know the IP address of a computer in order to access it. Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-419N. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. Apply Reset NBG-419N Users Guide 141 Chapter 14DHCP Server Company Confidential 142 NBG-419N Users Guide 15.1 Overview NAT (Network Address Translation - NAT, RFC 1631) is the translation of the IP address of a host in a packet. For example, the source address of an outgoing packet, used within one network is changed to a different IP address known within another network. CHAPTER 15 Network Address Translation
(NAT) Company Confidential Each packet has two addresses a source address and a destination address. For outgoing packets, NAT maps private (local) IP addresses to globally unique ones required for communication with hosts on other networks. It replaces the original IP source address in each packet and then forwards it to the Internet. The NBG-
419N keeps track of the original addresses and port numbers so incoming reply packets can have their original values restored. The following figure illustrates this. For more information on IP address translation, refer to RFC 1631, The IP Network Address Translator (NAT). Figure 92 NAT Example NBG-419N Users Guide 143 Chapter 15Network Address Translation (NAT) 15.2 What You Can Do default server. 419Ns trigger port settings. Figure 93 Network > NAT > General service requests to the server(s) on your local network. Use the Advanced screen (Section 15.5 on page 147) to change your NBG-
Use the Application screen (Section 15.4 on page 145) o forward incoming Use the General screen (Section 15.3 on page 144) to enable NAT and set a 15.3 General NAT Screen Use this screen to enable NAT and set a default server. Click Network > NAT >
General to open the following screen. Company Confidential Table 57 Network > NAT > General LABEL NAT Setup Enable Network Address Translation Network Address Translation (NAT) allows the translation of an Internet protocol address used within one network (for example a private IP address used in a local network) to a different IP address known within another network (for example a public IP address used on the Internet). In addition to the servers for specified services, NAT supports a default server. A default server receives packets from ports that are not specified in the Application screen. If you do not assign a Default Server IP address, the NBG-419N discards all packets received for ports that are not specified in the Application screen or remote management. The following table describes the labels in this screen. Select the check box to enable NAT. Default Server Setup DESCRIPTION Server IP Address 144 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 15Network Address Translation (NAT) Table 57 Network > NAT > General LABEL Apply Reset 15.4 NAT Application Screen DESCRIPTION Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-419N. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. In addition to the servers for specified services, NAT supports a default server. A service request that does not have a server explicitly designated for it is forwarded to the default server. If the default is not defined, the service request is simply discarded. Use the Application screen to forward incoming service requests to the server(s) on your local network. You may enter a single port number or a range of port numbers to be forwarded, and the local IP address of the desired server. The port number identifies a service; for example, web service is on port 80 and FTP on port 21. In some cases, such as for unknown services or where one server can support more than one service (for example both FTP and web service), it might be better to specify a range of port numbers. Company Confidential Note: Many residential broadband ISP accounts do not allow you to run any server processes (such as a Web or FTP server) from your location. Your ISP may periodically check for servers and may suspend your account if it discovers any active services at your location. If you are unsure, refer to your ISP. Note: If you do not assign a Default Server IP address in the NAT > General screen, the NBG-419N discards all packets received for ports that are not specified in this screen or remote management. Port forwarding allows you to define the local servers to which the incoming services will be forwarded. To change your NBG-419Ns port forwarding settings, click Network > NAT > Application. The screen appears as shown. NBG-419N Users Guide 145 Chapter 15Network Address Translation (NAT) Figure 94 Network > NAT > Application The following table describes the labels in this screen. Refer to Appendix E on page 281 for port numbers commonly used for particular services. Table 58 Network > NAT > Application LABEL Add Application Rule Active Company Confidential Clear the checkbox to disallow forwarding of these ports to an inside server without having to delete the entry. Type a name (of up to 31 printable characters) to identify this rule in the first field next to Service Name. Otherwise, select a predefined service in the second field next to Service Name. The predefined service name and port number(s) will display in the Service Name and Port fields. Type a port number(s) to define the service to be forwarded to the specified server. This is the number of an individual port forwarding server entry. This icon is turned on when the rule is enabled. This field displays a name to identify this rule. This field displays the port number(s). To specify two or more non-consecutive port numbers, separate them by a comma without spaces, such as 123,567. Type the IP address of the server on your LAN that receives packets from the port(s) specified in the Port field. Server IP Address Application Rules Summary
Active Name Port Select the check box to enable this rule and the requested service can be forwarded to the host with a specified internal IP address. To specify a range of ports, enter a hyphen (-) between the first port and the last port, such as 10-20. DESCRIPTION Service Name Port 146 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 15Network Address Translation (NAT) Apply Reset DESCRIPTION This field displays the inside IP address of the server. Click the Edit icon to display and modify an existing rule setting in the fields under Add Application Rule. 15.5 NAT Advanced Screen Click the Remove icon to delete a rule. Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-419N. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. Table 58 Network > NAT > Application (continued) LABEL Server IP Address Modify Some services use a dedicated range of ports on the client side and a dedicated range of ports on the server side. With regular port forwarding you set a forwarding port in NAT to forward a service (coming in from the server on the WAN) to the IP address of a computer on the client side (LAN). The problem is that port forwarding only forwards a service to a single LAN IP address. In order to use the same service on a different LAN computer, you have to manually replace the LAN computer's IP address in the forwarding port with another LAN computer's IP address. Company Confidential Trigger port forwarding solves this problem by allowing computers on the LAN to dynamically take turns using the service. The NBG-419N records the IP address of a LAN computer that sends traffic to the WAN to request a service with a specific port number and protocol (a "trigger" port). When the NBG-419N's WAN port receives a response with a specific port number and protocol ("incoming" port), the NBG-419N forwards the traffic to the LAN IP address of the computer that sent the request. After that computers connection for that service closes, another computer on the LAN can use the service in the same manner. This way you do not need to configure a new IP address each time you want a different LAN computer to use the application. To change your NBG-419Ns trigger port settings, click Network > NAT >
Advanced. The screen appears as shown. NBG-419N Users Guide 147 Chapter 15Network Address Translation (NAT) Note: Only one LAN computer can use a trigger port (range) at a time. Figure 95 Network > NAT > Advanced The following table describes the labels in this screen. Company Confidential DESCRIPTION This is the rule index number (read-only). Type a unique name (up to 15 characters) for identification purposes. All characters are permitted - including spaces. Incoming is a port (or a range of ports) that a server on the WAN uses when it sends out a particular service. The NBG-419N forwards the traffic with this port (or range of ports) to the client computer on the LAN that requested the service. Type a port number or the starting port number in a range of port numbers. Type a port number or the ending port number in a range of port numbers. The trigger port is a port (or a range of ports) that causes (or triggers) the NBG-419N to record the IP address of the LAN computer that sent the traffic to a server on the WAN. Type a port number or the starting port number in a range of port numbers. Type a port number or the ending port number in a range of port numbers. Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-419N. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. Table 59 Network > NAT > Advanced LABEL
Name Apply Reset Start Port Start Port Incoming End Port End Port Trigger 148 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 15Network Address Translation (NAT) 1 15.5.1 Trigger Port Forwarding Example The following is an example of trigger port forwarding. Jane requests a file from the Real Audio server (port 7070). Figure 96 Trigger Port Forwarding Process: Example Company Confidential 5 Only Jane can connect to the Real Audio server until the connection is closed or times out. The NBG-419N times out in three minutes with UDP (User Datagram Protocol), or two hours with TCP/IP (Transfer Control Protocol/Internet Protocol). Port 7070 is a trigger port and causes the NBG-419N to record Janes computer IP address. The NBG-419N associates Jane's computer IP address with the
"incoming" port range of 6970-7170. If an application needs a continuous data stream, that port (range) will be tied up so that another computer on the LAN cant trigger it. Trigger events only happen on data that is going coming from inside the NBG-
419N and going to the outside. 15.5.2 Two Points To Remember About Trigger Ports The Real Audio server responds using a port number ranging between 6970-7170. The NBG-419N forwards the traffic to Janes computer IP address. 1 2 3 4 NBG-419N Users Guide 149 Chapter 15Network Address Translation (NAT) Company Confidential 150 NBG-419N Users Guide CHAPTER 16 Dynamic DNS 16.1 Overview 16.2 What You Can Do Dynamic DNS (DDNS) services let you use a domain name with a dynamic IP address. Use the Dynamic DNS screen (Section 16.4 on page 152) to enable DDNS and configure the DDNS settings on the NBG-419N. Company Confidential Dynamic DNS allows you to update your current dynamic IP address with one or many dynamic DNS services so that anyone can contact you (in NetMeeting, CU-
SeeMe, etc.). You can also access your FTP server or Web site on your own computer using a domain name (for instance myhost.dhs.org, where myhost is a name of your choice) that will never change instead of using an IP address that changes each time you reconnect. Your friends or relatives will always be able to call you even if they don't know your IP address. 16.3 What You Need To Know NBG-419N Users Guide 151 Chapter 16Dynamic DNS 16.4 Dynamic DNS Screen Figure 97 Network > DDNS The following table describes the labels in this screen. To change your NBG-419Ns DDNS, click Network > DDNS. The screen appears as shown. Company Confidential Select the name of your Dynamic DNS service provider. Enter a host names in the field provided. You can specify up to two host names in the field separated by a comma (","). Enter your user name. Enter the password assigned to you. Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-419N. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. Table 60 Network > DDNS LABEL Enable Dynamic DNS Service Provider Host Name DESCRIPTION Select this check box to use dynamic DNS. User Name Password Apply Reset 152 NBG-419N Users Guide CHAPTER 17 Static Route 17.1 Overview This chapter shows you how to configure static routes for your NBG-419N. Each remote node specifies only the network to which the gateway is directly connected, and the NBG-419N has no knowledge of the networks beyond. For instance, the NBG-419N knows about network N2 in the following figure through remote node Router 1. However, the NBG-419N is unable to route a packet to network N3 because it doesn't know that there is a route through the same remote node Router 1 (via gateway Router 2). The static routes are for you to tell the NBG-419N about the networks beyond the remote nodes. Company Confidential Use the IP Static Route screen (Section 17.3 on page 154) to view, add and delete routes. 17.2 What You Can Do Figure 98 Example of Static Routing Topology NBG-419N Users Guide 153 Chapter 17Static Route 17.3 IP Static Route Screen Figure 99 Network > Static Route Click Network > Static Route to open the IP Static Route screen. Company Confidential Table 61 Network > Static Route LABEL Static Routing Settings Route Name Destination IP Address IP Subnet Netmask Gateway IP Address Metric Add Rule Application Rules Summary No. Active Name Destination This is the number of an individual static route. The rules are always on and this is indicated by the icon. This is the name that describes or identifies this route. This parameter specifies the IP network address of the final destination. Routing is always based on network number. Enter a the name that describes or identifies this route. Enter the IP network address of the final destination. Assign a number to identify the route. Click this to add the IP static route. The following table describes the labels in this screen. This is the subnet to which the route s final destination belongs. Enter the the IP address of the gateway. DESCRIPTION 154 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 17Static Route Metric Delete Table 61 Network > Static Route LABEL Gateway DESCRIPTION This is the IP address of the gateway. The gateway is a router or switch on the same network segment as the device's LAN or WAN port. The gateway helps forward packets to their destinations. This is the number assigned to the route. Click the Delete icon to remove a static route from the NBG-419N. A window displays asking you to confirm that you want to delete the route. Company Confidential NBG-419N Users Guide 155 Chapter 17Static Route Company Confidential 156 NBG-419N Users Guide 18 RIP CHAPTER 18.1 Overview 18.2 What You Can Do Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is an interior or intra-domain routing protocol that uses distance-vector routing algorithms. RIP is used on the Internet and is common in the NetWare environment as a method for exchanging routing information between routers. Company Confidential Use the RIP screen (Section 18.3 on page 157) to enable RIPv1 or RIPv2, which are LAN broadcast protocols. Use this screen to enable RIPv1 or RIPv2, which are LAN broadcast protocols . Click Network > RIP. The screen appears as shown. 18.3 RIP Screen Figure 100 Network > RIP NBG-419N Users Guide 157 Chapter 18RIP The following table describes the labels in this screen. Apply Reset Table 62 Network > RIP LABEL RIP DESCRIPTION Select the RIPv1 or RIPv2 you want the NBG-419N to use. Otherwise select None. Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-419N. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. Company Confidential 158 NBG-419N Users Guide Firewall (161) Content Filter (167) PART III Security Company Confidential 159 Company Confidential 160 19 Firewall CHAPTER networks. 19.1 Overview allows traffic that originates from your LAN computers to go to all of the blocks traffic that originates on the other networks from going to the LAN. Enable the firewall to protect your LAN computers from attacks by hackers on the Internet and control access between the LAN and WAN. By default the firewall:
This chapter shows you how to enable and configure the firewall that protects your NBG-419N and your LAN from unwanted or malicious traffic. Company Confidential The following figure illustrates the default firewall action. User A can initiate an IM
(Instant Messaging) session from the LAN to the WAN (1). Return traffic for this session is also allowed (2). However other traffic initiated from the WAN is blocked
(3 and 4). Figure 101 Default Firewall Action NBG-419N Users Guide 161 Chapter 19Firewall 19.2 What You Can Do NBG-419Ns firewall. Use the Services screen (Section 19.5 on page 163) screen enable service Use the General (Section 19.4 on page 163) screen to enable or disable the 19.3 What You Need To Know blocking, enter/delete/modify the services you want to block and the date/time you want to block them. The NBG-419Ns firewall feature physically separates the LAN and the WAN and acts as a secure gateway for all data passing between the networks. It is designed to protect against Denial of Service (DoS) attacks when activated
(click the General tab under Firewall and then click the Enable Firewall check box). The NBG-419N's purpose is to allow a private Local Area Network (LAN) to be securely connected to the Internet. The NBG-419N can be used to prevent theft, destruction and modification of data, as well as log events, which may be important to the security of your network. Company Confidential The LAN (Local Area Network) port attaches to a network of computers, which needs security from the outside world. These computers will have access to Internet services such as e-mail, FTP and the World Wide Web. However, "inbound access" is not allowed (by default) unless the remote host is authorized to use a specific service. The NBG-419N has one Ethernet WAN port and four Ethernet LAN ports, which are used to physically separate the network into two areas.The WAN (Wide Area Network) port attaches to the broadband (cable or DSL) modem to the Internet. The NBG-419N is installed between the LAN and a broadband modem connecting to the Internet. This allows it to act as a secure gateway for all data passing between the Internet and the LAN. 162 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 19Firewall Apply Reset DESCRIPTION 19.4 General Firewall Screen Figure 102 Security > Firewall > General The following table describes the labels in this screen. Use this screen to enable or disable the NBG-419Ns firewall, and set up firewall logs. Click Security > Firewall to open the General screen. Table 63 Security > Firewall > General LABEL Enable FirewallSelect this check box to activate the firewall. The NBG-419N performs access control and protects against Denial of Service (DoS) attacks when the firewall is activated. Click Apply to save the settings. Click Reset to start configuring this screen again. Company Confidential If an outside user attempts to probe an unsupported port on your NBG-419N, an ICMP response packet is automatically returned. This allows the outside user to know the NBG-419N exists. Use this screen to prevent the ICMP response packet from being sent. This keeps outsiders from discovering your NBG-419N when unsupported ports are probed. You can also use this screen to enable service blocking, enter/delete/modify the services you want to block and the date/time you want to block them. 19.5 Services Screen NBG-419N Users Guide 163 Chapter 19Firewall Click Security > Firewall > Services. The screen appears as shown next. Figure 103 Security > Firewall > Services Company Confidential DESCRIPTION Internet Control Message Protocol is a message control and error-
reporting protocol between a host server and a gateway to the Internet. ICMP uses Internet Protocol (IP) datagrams, but the messages are processed by the TCP/IP software and directly apparent to the application user. The NBG-419N will not respond to any incoming Ping requests when Disable is selected. Select LAN to reply to incoming LAN Ping requests. Select WAN to reply to incoming WAN Ping requests. Otherwise select LAN & WAN to reply to all incoming LAN and WAN Ping requests. Click Apply to save the settings. Select this check box to activate the firewall rules that you define (see Add Firewall Rule below) Click Apply to save the settings. Apply Enable Firewall Rule Enable Firewall Rule Apply Add Firewall Rule Service Name MAC Address Table 64 Security > Firewall > Services LABEL ICMP Enter a name that identifies or describes the firewall rule. Enter the MAC address of the computer for which the firewall rule applies. The following table describes the labels in this screen. Respond to Ping on 164 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 19Firewall Protocol DESCRIPTION Source IP Address or service is entering. Source Port Range Add Rule Firewall Rule
Dest Port Range Enter the port number/range of the destination that define the traffic Table 64 Security > Firewall > Services LABEL Dest IP Address Enter the IP address of the computer to which traffic for the application The NBG-419N applies the firewall rule to traffic initiating from this computer. Enter the IP address of the computer that initializes traffic for the application or service. The NBG-419N applies the firewall rule to traffic initiating from this computer. Select the protocol (TCP, UDP, ICMP or None) used to transport the packets for which you want to apply the firewall rule. type, for example TCP port 80 defines web traffic. Enter the port number/range of the source that define the traffic type, for example TCP port 80 defines web traffic. Click Add to save the firewall rule. Company Confidential type, for example TCP port 80 defines web traffic. This is the port number/range of the source that define the traffic type, for example TCP port 80 defines web traffic. Drop - Traffic matching the conditions of the firewall rule are stopped. Click this to remove the firewall rule. Click Reset to start configuring this screen again. This is your firewall rule number. The ordering of your rules is important as rules are applied in turn. This is a name that identifies or describes the firewall rule. This is the MAC address of the computer for which the firewall rule applies. or service is entering. This is the IP address of the computer from which traffic for the application or service is initialized. This is the protocol (TCP, UDP, ICMP or None) used to transport the packets for which you want to apply the firewall rule. See Appendix E on page 281 for commonly used services and port numbers. Dest IP Address This is the IP address of the computer to which traffic for the application Dest Port Range This is the port number/range of the destination that define the traffic Source Port Range Action Delete Reset Source IP Address Protocol Service Name MAC Address NBG-419N Users Guide 165 Chapter 19Firewall Company Confidential 166 NBG-419N Users Guide CHAPTER 20 Content Filter 20.1 Overview 20.2 What You Can Do This chapter provides a brief overview of content filtering using the embedded web GUI. Internet content filtering allows you to create and enforce Internet access policies tailored to your needs. Content filtering is the ability to block certain web features or specific URL keywords. Company Confidential Content filtering allows you to block certain web features, such as cookies, and/or block access to specific web sites. For example, you can configure one policy that blocks John Does access to arts and entertainment web pages. The NBG-419N can disable web proxies and block web features such as ActiveX controls, Java applets and cookies. A content filtering profile conveniently stores your custom settings for the following features. Use the Content Filter (Section 20.4 on page 168) screen to restrict web features, add keywords for blocking and designate a trusted computer. 20.3 What You Need To Know 20.3.1 Content Filtering Profiles Restrict Web Features NBG-419N Users Guide 167 Chapter 20Content Filter Keyword Blocking URL Checking 20.4 Content Filter Screen The NBG-419N checks the URLs domain name (or IP address) and file path separately when performing keyword blocking. The file path is the characters that come after the first slash in the URL. For example, with the URL www.zyxel.com.tw/news/pressroom.php, the file path is news/pressroom.php. The URLs domain name or IP address is the characters that come before the first slash in the URL. For example, with the URL www.zyxel.com.tw/news/
pressroom.php, the domain name is www.zyxel.com.tw. Since the NBG-419N checks the URLs domain name (or IP address) and file path separately, it will not find items that go across the two. For example, with the URL www.zyxel.com.tw/news/pressroom.php, the NBG-419N would find tw in the domain name (www.zyxel.com.tw). It would also find news in the file path
(news/pressroom.php) but it would not find tw/news. Company Confidential Use this screen to restrict web features, add keywords for blocking and designate a trusted computer. Click Security > Content Filter to open the Content Filter screen. Figure 104 Security > Content Filter > Content Filter 168 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 20Content Filter The following table describes the labels in this screen. Java ActiveX DESCRIPTION Cookies Web Proxy Restrict Web Features in your network that you want to have as a trusted computer. This allows the trusted computer to have full access to all features that are configured to be blocked by content filtering. Table 65 Security > Content Filter > Content Filter LABEL Trusted IP Setup To enable this feature, type an IP address of any one of the computers Leave this field blank to have no trusted computers. Select the box(es) to restrict a feature. When you download a page containing a restricted feature, that part of the web page will appear blank or grayed out. A tool for building dynamic and active Web pages and distributed object applications. When you visit an ActiveX Web site, ActiveX controls are downloaded to your browser, where they remain in case you visit the site again. A programming language and development environment for building downloadable Web components or Internet and intranet business applications of all kinds. Used by Web servers to track usage and provide service based on ID. A server that acts as an intermediary between a user and the Internet to provide security, administrative control, and caching service. When a proxy server is located on the WAN it is possible for LAN users to circumvent content filtering by pointing to this proxy server. The NBG-419N can block Web sites with URLs that contain certain keywords in the domain name or IP address. For example, if the keyword "bad" was enabled, all sites containing this keyword in the domain name or IP address will be blocked, e.g., URL http://
www.website.com/bad.html would be blocked. Select this check box to enable this feature. Type a keyword in this field. You may use any character (up to 64 characters). Wildcards are not allowed. You can also enter a numerical IP address. This list displays the keywords already added. Click Add after you have typed a keyword. Company Confidential When you try to access a web page containing a keyword, you will get a message telling you that the content filter is blocking this request. Highlight a keyword in the lower box and click Delete to remove it. The keyword disappears from the text box after you click Apply. Click this button to remove all of the listed keywords. Click Apply to save your changes. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh Repeat this procedure to add other keywords. Up to 64 keywords are allowed. Enable URL Keyword Blocking Clear All Apply Reset Keyword List Add Keyword Delete NBG-419N Users Guide 169 Chapter 20Content Filter Company Confidential 170 NBG-419N Users Guide Remote Management (183) Bandwidth Management (173) Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) (187) PART IV Management Company Confidential 171 Company Confidential 172 21.1 Overview ZyXELs Bandwidth Management allows you to specify bandwidth management rules based on an application. This chapter contains information about configuring bandwidth management and editing rules. CHAPTER 21 Bandwidth Management In the figure below, uplink traffic goes from the LAN device (A) to the WAN device
(B). Bandwidth management is applied before sending the packets out to the WAN. Downlink traffic comes back from the WAN device (B) to the LAN device
(A). Bandwidth management is applied before sending the traffic out to LAN. Company Confidential You can allocate specific amounts of bandwidth capacity (bandwidth budgets) to individual applications (like VoIP, Web, FTP, and E-mail for example). 21.2 What You Can Do Use the General screen (Section 21.4 on page 174) to enable bandwidth
-> VOIP
-> FTP
-> HTTP
-> Chat, Email Figure 105 Bandwidth Management Example management and assign bandwidth values. A B NBG-419N Users Guide 173 Chapter 21Bandwidth Management Use the Advanced screen (Section 21.5 on page 175) to configure bandwidth managements rule for the pre-defined services and applications. network bandwidth that applications running in the network are using. Use the Monitor screen (Section 21.6 on page 180) to view the amount of 21.4 General Screen 21.3 What You Need To Know The sum of the bandwidth allotments that apply to the WAN interface (LAN to WAN, WLAN to WAN) must be less than or equal to the Upstream Bandwidth that you configure in the Bandwidth Management Advanced screen (Section 21.5 on page 175). The sum of the bandwidth allotments that apply to the LAN interface (WAN to LAN, WAN to WLAN) must be less than or equal to the Downstream Bandwidth that you configure in the Bandwidth Management Advanced screen Section 21.5 on page 175. Company Confidential Click Management > Bandwidth MGMT to open the bandwidth management General screen. Figure 106 Management > Bandwidth Management > General Use this screen to have the NBG-419N apply bandwidth management. 174 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 21Bandwidth Management The following table describes the labels in this screen. Apply Reset 21.5 Advanced Screen DESCRIPTION This field allows you to have NBG-419N apply bandwidth management. Enable bandwidth management to give traffic that matches a bandwidth rule priority over traffic that does not match a bandwidth rule. Use this screen to configure bandwidth management rules for the pre-defined services or applications. Enabling bandwidth management also allows you to control the maximum or minimum amounts of bandwidth that can be used by traffic that matches a bandwidth rule. Click Apply to save your customized settings. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. Table 66 Management > Bandwidth Management > General LABEL Enable Bandwidth Management Company Confidential You can also use this screen to configure bandwidth management rule for other services or applications that are not on the pre-defined list of NBG-419N. Additionally, you can define the source and destination IP addresses and port for a service or application. Note: The two tables shown in this screen can be configured and applied at the same time. NBG-419N Users Guide 175 Chapter 21Bandwidth Management Click Management > Bandwidth Management > Advanced to open the bandwidth management Advanced screen. Figure 107 Management > Bandwidth Management > Advanced Company Confidential Table 67 Management > Bandwidth Management > Advanced LABEL Management Bandwidth Upstream Bandwidth This is traffic from LAN/WLAN to WAN. Select the total amount of bandwidth (from 64 Kilobits to 32 Megabits) that you want to dedicate to uplink traffic. This is traffic from WAN to LAN/WLAN. Use this table to allocate specific amounts of bandwidth based on a pre-
defined service. Select the total amount of bandwidth (from 64 Kilobits to 32 Megabits) that you want to dedicate to uplink traffic. The following table describes the labels in this screen. Downstream Bandwidth DESCRIPTION Application List 176 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 21Bandwidth Management Category Service to jitter (jitter is the variations in delay). Low - Select this for non-critical "background" traffic such as bulk Mid - Select this for "excellent effort" or better than best effort and High - Select this for voice traffic or video that is especially sensitive Advanced Setting User-defined Service
Enable transfers that are allowed but that should not affect other applications and users. This is the category where a service belongs. This is the name of the service. would include important business traffic that can tolerate some delay. DESCRIPTION This is the number of an individual bandwidth management rule. Select a priority from the drop down list box. Choose High, Mid or Low. Table 67 Management > Bandwidth Management > Advanced (continued) LABEL
Priority Select the check box to have the NBG-419N apply this bandwidth management rule. Click the Edit icon to open the Rule Configuration screen where you can modify the rule. Use this table to allocate specific amounts of bandwidth to specific applications or services you specify. This is the number of an individual bandwidth management rule. Select this check box to have the NBG-419N apply this bandwidth management rule. Select LAN to apply bandwidth management to traffic from WAN to LAN. Company Confidential Select WLAN to apply bandwidth management to traffic from WAN to WLAN. Enter a descriptive name for the bandwidth management rule. This is the category where a service belongs. Click the Edit icon to open the Rule Configuration screen. Modify an existing rule or create a new rule in the Rule Configuration screen. See Section 21.5.2 on page 179 for more information. Click the Remove icon to delete a rule. Click Apply to save your customized settings. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. Select WAN to apply bandwidth management to traffic from LAN/WLAN to WAN. Service Name Category Modify Apply Reset Direction NBG-419N Users Guide 177 Chapter 21Bandwidth Management The following table describes the labels in this screen. 21.5.1 Rule Configuration: Application Rule Configuration Table 68 Bandwidth Management Rule Configuration: Application List Figure 108 Bandwidth Management Rule Configuration: Application List If you want to edit a bandwidth management rule for a pre-defined service or application, click the Edit icon in the Application List table of the Advanced screen. The following screen displays. Company Confidential DESCRIPTION This is the number of an individual bandwidth management rule. Select an interfaces check box to enable bandwidth management on that interface. These read-only labels represent the physical interfaces. Bandwidth management applies to all traffic flowing out of the router through the interface, regardless of the traffic s source. Traffic redirect or IP alias may cause LAN-to-LAN traffic to pass through the NBG-419N and be managed by bandwidth management. Select Maximum Bandwidth or Minimum Bandwidth and specify the maximum or minimum bandwidth allowed for the rule in kilobits per second. This is the port number of the destination that define the traffic type, for example TCP port 80 defines web traffic. See Appendix E on page 281 for some common services and port numbers. This is the port number of the sourcethat define the traffic type, for example TCP port 80 defines web traffic. See Appendix E on page 281 for some common services and port numbers. This is the protocol (TCP, UDP or user-defined) used for the service. Click Apply to save your customized settings. Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving. Protocol Apply Cancel LABEL
Enable Destination Port Source Port Bandwidth Direction 178 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 21Bandwidth Management Figure 109 Bandwidth Management Rule Configuration: User-defined Service 21.5.2 Rule Configuration: User Defined Service Rule Configuration If you want to edit a bandwidth management rule for other applications or services, click the Edit icon in the User-defined Service table of the Advanced screen. The following screen displays. Company Confidential The NBG-419N applies bandwidth management to traffic initiating from this computer. Enter the subnet netmask of the computer initiating the traffic for which the bandwidth management rule applies. This is the port number of the source that define the traffic type, for example TCP port 80 defines web traffic. DESCRIPTION Select Maximum Bandwidth or Minimum Bandwidth and specify the maximum or minimum bandwidth allowed for the rule in kilobits per second. Enter the IP address of the destination computer. Destination Subnet Netmask Destination Port This is the port number of the destination that define the traffic type, Table 69 Bandwidth Management Rule Configuration: User-defined Service LABEL BW Budget The NBG-419N applies bandwidth management to the service or application that is entering this computer. Enter the subnet netmask of the destination of the traffic for which the bandwidth management rule applies. for example TCP port 80 defines web traffic. Enter the IP address of the computer that initializes traffic for the application or service. The following table describes the labels in this screen Source Subnet Netmask Source Port Destination Address Source Address NBG-419N Users Guide 179 Chapter 21Bandwidth Management Apply Cancel LABEL Protocol The bandwidth is measured in kilobits per second (kbps). See Appendix E on page 281 for commonly used services and port numbers. 21.6 Monitor Screen Use this screen to view the amount of network bandwidth that applications running in the network are using. DESCRIPTION Select the protocol (TCP, UDP, User defined) for which the bandwidth management rule applies. The monitor shows what kinds of applications are running in the network, the maximum kbps that each application can use, as well as the percentage of bandwidth it is using. If you select User-defined, enter the protocol for which the bandwidth management rule applies. For example, ICMP for ping traffic. Click Apply to save your customized settings. Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving. Company Confidential Figure 110 Management > Bandwidth Management > Monitor 180 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 21Bandwidth Management Company Confidential 182 NBG-419N Users Guide WAN only LAN and WAN LAN only 22.1 Overview This chapter provides information on the Remote Management screens. Remote Management allows you to manage your NBG-419N from a remote location through the following interfaces:
CHAPTER 22 Remote Management Company Confidential Use the WWW screen (Section 22.4 on page 184) to define the interface/s from which the NBG-419N can be managed remotely and specify a secure client that can manage the NBG-419N. The IP address in the Secured Client IP Address field (Section 22.4 on page 184) does not match the client IP address. If it does not match, the NBG-419N will disconnect the session immediately. There is already another remote management session. You may only have one remote management session running at one time. 22.3 What You Need to Know 22.2 What You Can Do Note: The NBG-419N is managed using the Web Configurator. Remote management over LAN or WAN will not work when:
There is a firewall rule that blocks it. 1 2 3 NBG-419N Users Guide 183 Chapter 22Remote Management 22.3.1 Remote Management and NAT When NAT is enabled:
22.3.2 System Timeout 22.4 WWW Screen To change your NBG-419Ns remote management settings, click Management >
Remote Management > WWW. Use the NBG-419Ns WAN IP address when configuring from the WAN. Use the NBG-419Ns LAN IP address when configuring from the LAN. There is a default system management idle timeout of five minutes (three hundred seconds). The NBG-419N automatically logs you out if the management session remains idle for longer than this timeout period. The management session does not time out when a statistics screen is polling. You can change the timeout period in the System screen Company Confidential DESCRIPTION You may change the server port number for a service if needed, however you must use the same port number in order to use that service for remote management. Select the interface(s) through which a computer may access the NBG-
419N using this service. Select All to allow all computes to access the NBG-419N. Table 71 Management > Remote Management > WWW LABEL Server Port Otherwise, check Selected and specify the IP address of the computer that can access the NBG-419N. Figure 111 Management > Remote Management > WWW The following table describes the labels in this screen Secured Client IP Address Server Access 184 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 22Remote Management LABEL Apply Reset DESCRIPTION Click Apply to save your customized settings and exit this screen. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. Company Confidential NBG-419N Users Guide 185 Chapter 22Remote Management Company Confidential 186 NBG-419N Users Guide This chapter introduces the UPnP feature in the web configurator. 23.1 Overview Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) is a distributed, open networking standard that uses TCP/IP for simple peer-to-peer network connectivity between devices. A UPnP device can dynamically join a network, obtain an IP address, convey its capabilities and learn about other devices on the network. In turn, a device can leave a network smoothly and automatically when it is no longer in use. CHAPTER 23 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) Company Confidential UPnP NAT traversal automates the process of allowing an application to operate through NAT. UPnP network devices can automatically configure network addressing, announce their presence in the network to other UPnP devices and enable exchange of simple product and service descriptions. NAT traversal allows the following:
UPnP hardware is identified as an icon in the Network Connections folder
(Windows XP). Each UPnP compatible device installed on your network will appear as a separate icon. Selecting the icon of a UPnP device will allow you to access the information and properties of that device. Use the UPnP screen (Section 23.4 on page 188) to enable UPnP on your NBG-
419N. 23.3 What You Need to Know 23.2 What You Can Do 23.3.1 NAT Traversal Dynamic port mapping NBG-419N Users Guide 187 Chapter 23Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) Learning public IP addresses Assigning lease times to mappings See the NAT chapter for more information on NAT. 23.3.2 Cautions with UPnP All UPnP-enabled devices may communicate freely with each other without additional configuration. Disable UPnP if this is not your intention. Windows Messenger is an example of an application that supports NAT traversal and UPnP. When a UPnP device joins a network, it announces its presence with a multicast message. For security reasons, the NBG-419N allows multicast messages on the LAN only. The automated nature of NAT traversal applications in establishing their own services and opening firewall ports may present network security issues. Network information and configuration may also be obtained and modified by users in some network environments. Company Confidential 23.4 UPnP Screen Click Management > UPnP to display the screen shown next. Use this screen to enable UPnP on your NBG-419N. Figure 112 Management > UPnP 188 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 23Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) The following table describes the fields in this screen. Apply Cancel The sections show examples of using UPnP. 23.5 Technical Refereance 23.5.1 Using UPnP in Windows XP Example Table 72 Management > UPnP LABEL Enable the Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) Feature This section shows you how to use the UPnP feature in Windows XP. You must already have UPnP installed in Windows XP and UPnP activated on the NBG-419N. DESCRIPTION Select this check box to activate UPnP. Be aware that anyone could use a UPnP application to open the web configurator's login screen without entering the NBG-419N's IP address
(although you must still enter the password to access the web configurator). Click Apply to save the setting to the NBG-419N. Click Cancel to return to the previously saved settings. Company Confidential Make sure the computer is connected to a LAN port of the NBG-419N. Turn on your computer and the NBG-419N. 23.5.1.1 Auto-discover Your UPnP-enabled Network Device 1 Click start and Control Panel. Double-click Network Connections. An icon 2 Right-click the icon and select Properties. Figure 113 Network Connections displays under Internet Gateway. NBG-419N Users Guide 189 Chapter 23Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 4 3 Figure 114 Internet Connection Properties In the Internet Connection Properties window, click Settings to see the port mappings there were automatically created. You may edit or delete the port mappings or click Add to manually add port mappings. Company Confidential Figure 116 Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings: Add Figure 115 Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings 190 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 23Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) Note: When the UPnP-enabled device is disconnected from your computer, all port mappings will be deleted automatically. Figure 118 Internet Connection Status 6 Double-click on the icon to display your current Internet connection status. 5 Select Show icon in notification area when connected option and click OK. An icon displays in the system tray. Figure 117 System Tray Icon Company Confidential With UPnP, you can access the web-based configurator on the NBG-419N without finding out the IP address of the NBG-419N first. This comes helpful if you do not know the IP address of the NBG-419N. 23.5.2 Web Configurator Easy Access Follow the steps below to access the web configurator. 2 Double-click Network Connections. 1 Click Start and then Control Panel. NBG-419N Users Guide 191 Chapter 23Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 3 Select My Network Places under Other Places. Figure 119 Network Connections Company Confidential 4 An icon with the description for each UPnP-enabled device displays under Local 5 Right-click on the icon for your NBG-419N and select Invoke. The web Figure 120 Network Connections: My Network Places configurator login screen displays. Network. 192 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 23Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 6 Right-click on the icon for your NBG-419N and select Properties. A properties window displays with basic information about the NBG-419N. Figure 121 Network Connections: My Network Places: Properties: Example Company Confidential NBG-419N Users Guide 193 Chapter 23Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) Company Confidential 194 NBG-419N Users Guide Time (201) Password (199) Maintenance (197) PART V Maintenance and Troubleshooting Company Confidential Firmware Upgrade (205) Troubleshooting (217) Backup/Restore (207) Reset/Restart (211) Sys OP Mode (213) 195 Company Confidential 196 CHAPTER 24 Maintenance 419Ns time and date. the NBG-419N in the network and set the password. 24.1 Overview This chapter provides information on the Maintenance > General screen. Use the Time Setting screen (Section 26.3 on page 201) to change your NBG-
Use the General screen (Section 24.3 on page 197) to enter a name to identify 24.2 What You Can Do Company Confidential Use this screen to enter a name to identify the NBG-419N in the network and set the password. Click Maintenance > General. The following screen displays. 24.3 General Screen Figure 122 Maintenance > General NBG-419N Users Guide 197 Chapter 24Maintenance The following table describes the labels in this screen. Apply Reset DESCRIPTION Domain Name Administrator Inactivity Timer Table 73 Maintenance > General LABEL System Setup System Name System Name is a unique name to identify the NBG-419N in an Ethernet network. Enter the domain name you want to give to the NBG-419N. Type how many minutes a management session can be left idle before the session times out. The default is 5 minutes. After it times out you have to log in with your password again. Very long idle timeouts may have security risks. A value of "0" means a management session never times out, no matter how long it has been left idle (not recommended). Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-419N. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. Company Confidential 198 NBG-419N Users Guide 25 Password CHAPTER 25.1 Overview 25.2 What You Can Do The Web Configurator allows you to look at all of the NBG-419Ns logs in one location. This chapter contains information about configuring general log settings and viewing the NBG-419Ns logs. Refer to the appendices for example log message explanations. Company Confidential An alert is a type of log that warrants more serious attention. They include system errors, attacks (access control) and attempted access to blocked web sites or web sites with restricted web features such as cookies, active X and so on. Some categories such as System Errors consist of both logs and alerts. You may differentiate them by their color in the View Log screen. Alerts display in red and logs display in black. Alerts are e-mailed as soon as they happen. Logs may be e-mailed as soon as the log is full (see Log Schedule). Selecting many alert and/or log categories
(especially Access Control) may result in many e-mails being sent. Use the View Log screen (Section 25.4 on page 200) to see the logs for the categories such as system maintenance, system errors, access control, allowed or blocked web sites, blocked web features, and so on. 25.3 What You Need to Know NBG-419N Users Guide 199 Chapter 25Password 25.4 Password Screen Click Maintenance > Password. Figure 123 Maintenance > Password Log entries in red indicate system error logs. The log wraps around and deletes the old entries after it fills. Click a column heading to sort the entries. A triangle indicates ascending or descending sort order. Use the View Log screen to see the logged messages for the NBG-419N. Options include logs about system maintenance, system errors, access control, allowed or blocked web sites, blocked web features (such as ActiveX controls, Java and cookies), attacks (such as DoS) and IPSec. Company Confidential DESCRIPTION Change your NBG-419Ns password (recommended) using the fields as shown. Type the default password or the existing password you use to access the system in this field. Type your new system password (up to 30 characters). Note that as you type a password, the screen displays an asterisk (*) for each character you type. Retype to Confirm Type the new password again in this field. Apply Reset Table 74 Maintenance > Password LABEL Password Setup Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-419N. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. The following table describes the labels in this screen. New Password Old Password 200 NBG-419N Users Guide 26 Time CHAPTER 26.1 Overview 26.2 What You Can Do Use the Time Setting screen (Section 26.3 on page 201) to change your NBG-
419Ns time and date. This chapter provides information on the Time Setting screens. See Section 3.2.3 on page 39 for more information on how to set up the NBG-419Ns date and time. Company Confidential Use this screen to configure the NBG-419Ns time based on your local time zone. To change your NBG-419Ns time and date, click Maintenance > System >
Time Setting. The screen appears as shown. 26.3 Time Setting Screen Figure 124 Maintenance > Time NBG-419N Users Guide 201 Chapter 26Time he following table describes the labels in this screen. New Time New Date
(hh:mm:ss) Current Date DESCRIPTION This field displays the time of your NBG-419N. Current Time and Date Manual Each time you reload this page, the NBG-419N synchronizes the date with the time server. Table 75 Maintenance > Time LABEL Current Time and Date Current Time Each time you reload this page, the NBG-419N synchronizes the time with the time server. This field displays the date of your NBG-419N. When you set Time and Date Setup to Manual, enter the new time in this field and then click Apply. This field displays the last updated date from the time server or the last date configured manually. Select this radio button to enter the time and date manually. If you configure a new time and date, Time Zone and Daylight Saving at the same time, the new time and date you entered has priority and the Time Zone and Daylight Saving settings do not affect it. This field displays the last updated time from the time server or the last time configured manually. Company Confidential When you set Time and Date Setup to Manual, enter the new date in this field and then click Apply. Select this radio button to have the NBG-419N get the time and date from the time server you specified below. Select Auto to have the NBG-419N automatically search for an available time server and synchronize the date and time with the time server after you click Apply. Select User Defined Time Server Address and enter the IP address or URL (up to 20 extended ASCII characters in length) of your time server. Check with your ISP/network administrator if you are unsure of this information. Choose the time zone of your location. This will set the time difference between your time zone and Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). Daylight saving is a period from late spring to early fall when many countries set their clocks ahead of normal local time by one hour to give more daytime light in the evening. Get from Time Server Auto Select this option if you use Daylight Saving Time. Time Zone Setup Time Zone User Defined Time Server Address Daylight Savings
(yyyy/mm/dd) 202 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 26Time End Date Table 75 Maintenance > Time LABEL Start Date Daylight Saving Time ends in the United States on the last Sunday of October. Each time zone in the United States stops using Daylight Saving Time at 2 A.M. local time. So in the United States you would select Last, Sunday, October and type 2 in the o'clock field. Daylight Saving Time starts in most parts of the United States on the first Sunday of April. Each time zone in the United States starts using Daylight Saving Time at 2 A.M. local time. So in the United States you would select First, Sunday, April and type 2 in the o'clock field. DESCRIPTION Configure the day and time when Daylight Saving Time starts if you selected Daylight Savings. The o'clock field uses the 24 hour format. Here are a couple of examples:
Daylight Saving Time starts in the European Union on the last Sunday of March. All of the time zones in the European Union start using Daylight Saving Time at the same moment (1 A.M. GMT or UTC). So in the European Union you would select Last, Sunday, March. The time you type in the o'clock field depends on your time zone. In Germany for instance, you would type 2 because Germany's time zone is one hour ahead of GMT or UTC (GMT+1). Configure the day and time when Daylight Saving Time ends if you selected Daylight Savings. The o'clock field uses the 24 hour format. Here are a couple of examples:
Company Confidential Daylight Saving Time ends in the European Union on the last Sunday of October. All of the time zones in the European Union stop using Daylight Saving Time at the same moment (1 A.M. GMT or UTC). So in the European Union you would select Last, Sunday, October. The time you type in the o'clock field depends on your time zone. In Germany for instance, you would type 2 because Germany's time zone is one hour ahead of GMT or UTC (GMT+1). Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-419N. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. Apply Reset NBG-419N Users Guide 203 Chapter 26Time Company Confidential 204 NBG-419N Users Guide 27.1 Overview 27.2 What You Can Do Use the Firmware screen (Section 27.3 on page 205) to upload firmware to your NBG-419N. This chapter shows you how to upload a new firmware, upload or save backup configuration files and restart the NBG-419N. CHAPTER 27 Firmware Upgrade Company Confidential Find firmware at www.zyxel.com in a file that (usually) uses the system model name with a *.bin extension, e.g., NBG-419N.bin. The upload process uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and may take up to two minutes. After a successful upload, the system will reboot. Click Maintenance > Firmware Upgrade. Follow the instructions in this screen to upload firmware to your NBG-419N. 27.3 Firmware Upload Screen Figure 125 Maintenance > Firmware Upgrade NBG-419N Users Guide 205 Chapter 27Firmware Upgrade The following table describes the labels in this screen. Upload Browse... Figure 126 Network Temporarily Disconnected Note: Do not turn off the NBG-419N while firmware upload is in progress!
Table 76 Maintenance > Firmware Upgrade LABEL File Path After you see the Firmware Upload In Process screen, wait two minutes before logging into the NBG-419N again. The NBG-419N automatically restarts in this time causing a temporary network disconnect. In some operating systems, you may see the following icon on your desktop. DESCRIPTION Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Browse... to find it. Click Browse... to find the .bin file you want to upload. Remember that you must decompress compressed (.zip) files before you can upload them. Click Upload to begin the upload process. This process may take up to two minutes. Company Confidential If the upload was not successful, an error message appears. Click Return to go back to the Firmware screen. After two minutes, log in again and check your new firmware version in the Status screen. 206 NBG-419N Users Guide 28.1 Overview This chapter shows you how to backup, restore and reset your NBG-419N. CHAPTER 28 Backup/Restore Restore configuration allows you to upload a new or previously saved configuration file from your computer to your NBG-419N. Backup configuration allows you to back up (save) the NBG-419Ns current configuration to a file on your computer. Once your NBG-419N is configured and functioning properly, it is highly recommended that you back up your configuration file before making configuration changes. The backup configuration file will be useful in case you need to return to your previous settings. Company Confidential Use the Backup/Restore screen (Section 28.3 on page 208) to view information related to factory defaults, backup configuration, and restoring configuration. 28.2 What You Can Do NBG-419N Users Guide 207 Chapter 28Backup/Restore 28.3 Configuration Screen Figure 127 Maintenance > Backup/Restore Click Maintenance > Backup/Restore. Information related to factory defaults, backup configuration, and restoring configuration appears as shown next. Company Confidential DESCRIPTION Click Backup to save the NBG-419Ns current configuration to your computer. Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Browse... to find it. Click Browse... to find the file you want to upload. Remember that you must decompress compressed (.ZIP) files before you can upload them. Table 77 Maintenance > Backup/Restore LABEL Backup The following table describes the labels in this screen. Browse... File Path 208 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 28Backup/Restore Reset in progress. Table 77 Maintenance > Backup/Restore LABEL Upload Note: Do not turn off the NBG-419N while configuration file upload is DESCRIPTION Click Upload to begin the upload process. Note: If you uploaded the default configuration file you may need to change the IP After you see a configuration upload successful screen, you must then wait one minute before logging into the NBG-419N again. The NBG-419N automatically restarts in this time causing a temporary network disconnect. You can also press the RESET button on the rear panel to reset the factory defaults of your NBG-419N. Refer to the chapter about introducing the Web Configurator for more information on the RESET button. If you see an error screen, click Back to return to the Backup/Restore screen. Pressing the Reset button in this section clears all user-entered configuration information and returns the NBG-419N to its factory defaults. Company Confidential address of your computer to be in the same subnet as that of the default NBG-
419N IP address (192.168.1.1). See Appendix C on page 251 for details on how to set up your computers IP address. NBG-419N Users Guide 209 Chapter 28Backup/Restore Company Confidential 210 NBG-419N Users Guide CHAPTER 29 Reset/Restart This chapter shows you how to restart your NBG-419N. 29.1 Overview 29.2 What You Can Do Use the Reset/Restart screen (Section 29.3 on page 211) to reboot the NBG-
419N without turning the power off. Company Confidential Click Restart to have the NBG-419N reboot. This does not affect the NBG-419N's configuration. 29.3 Reset/Restart Screen System restart allows you to reboot the NBG-419N without turning the power off. Click Maintenance > Reset/Restart to open the following screen. Figure 128 Maintenance > Reset/Restart NBG-419N Users Guide 211 Chapter 29Reset/Restart Company Confidential 212 NBG-419N Users Guide CHAPTER 30 Sys OP Mode 30.1 Overview See Section 5.1.2 on page 49 for more information on which mode to choose. 30.2 What You Can Do The Sys OP Mode (System Operation Mode) function lets you configure your NBG-419N as a router, access point or Wireless ISP (WISP) client. You can choose between Router Mode, Access Point Mode and WISP Mode depending on your network topology and the features you require from your device. Company Confidential Use the Sys OP Mode screen (Section 30.4 on page 215) to select how you want to use your NBG-419N. 30.3 What You Need to Know The following describes the device modes available in your NBG-419N. NBG-419N Users Guide 213 Chapter 30Sys OP Mode Router Access Point Figure 129 LAN and WAN IP Addresses in Router Mode A router connects your local network with another network, such as the Internet. The router has two IP addresses, the LAN IP address and the WAN IP address. An access point enabled all ethernet ports to be bridged together and be in the same subnet. To connect to the Internet, another device, such as a router, is required. Company Confidential Figure 130 IP Address in Access Point Mode 214 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 30Sys OP Mode WISP Access Point Wireless Client Figure 132 Maintenance > Sys OP Mode Figure 131 IP Address in Access Point Mode Use this screen to select how you want to use your NBG-419N. 30.4 Sys Op Mode Screen A WISP client connects to an existing access point wirelessly. It acts just like a wireless client in notebooks/computers. Company Confidential Table 78 Maintenance > Sys OP Mode LABEL System Operation Mode Router Select Router Mode if your device routes traffic between a local network and another network such as the Internet. This mode offers services such as a firewall or bandwidth management. You can configure the IP address settings on your WAN port. Contact your ISP or system administrator for more information on appropriate settings. The following table describes the labels in the General screen. DESCRIPTION NBG-419N Users Guide 215 Chapter 30Sys OP Mode WISP Mode Apply Reset scheduling in the WISP mode. LABEL Access Point connect to the Internet. port labeled WAN. There is no WAN port. You cannot configure Wireless LAN settings (including WPS) and The IP address of the device on the local network is the same as the IP address given to the NBG-419N while in router mode (default is 192.168.1.1). Note: If you select the incorrect System Operation Mode you may not be able to Click Apply to save your settings. Click Reset to return your settings to the default ( Router) In Access Point mode all Ethernet ports have the same IP address. All ports on the rear panel of the device are LAN ports, including the DESCRIPTION Select Access Point Mode if your device bridges traffic between clients on the same network. The DHCP server on your device is disabled. The IP address of the device on the local network is set to 192.168.1.2. Select WISP Mode if your device needs a wireless client to connect to an existing access point. Company Confidential 216 NBG-419N Users Guide Wireless Router/AP Troubleshooting Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs NBG-419N Access and Login CHAPTER 31 Troubleshooting Internet Access Resetting the NBG-419N to Its Factory Defaults This chapter offers some suggestions to solve problems you might encounter. The potential problems are divided into the following categories. 31.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs Company Confidential 2 Make sure the power adaptor or cord is connected to the NBG-419N and plugged 1 Make sure you are using the power adaptor or cord included with the NBG-419N. 1 Make sure you understand the normal behavior of the LED. See Section 1.5 on 3 Disconnect and re-connect the power adaptor or cord to the NBG-419N. The NBG-419N does not turn on. None of the LEDs turn on. in to an appropriate power source. Make sure the power source is turned on. One of the LEDs does not behave as expected. 2 Check the hardware connections. See the Quick Start Guide. If the problem continues, contact the vendor. page 22. 4 NBG-419N Users Guide 217 Chapter 31Troubleshooting 2 5 3 1 The default IP address is 192.168.1.1. If the problem continues, contact the vendor. I dont know the IP address of my NBG-419N. Inspect your cables for damage. Contact the vendor to replace any damaged cables. 4 Disconnect and re-connect the power adaptor to the NBG-419N. 31.2 NBG-419N Access and Login Company Confidential If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, you might get the IP address of the NBG-419N by looking up the IP address of the default gateway for your computer. To do this in most Windows computers, click Start > Run, enter cmd, and then enter ipconfig. The IP address of the Default Gateway might be the IP address of the NBG-419N (it depends on the network), so enter this IP address in your Internet browser.Set your device to Router Mode, login (see the Quick Start Guide for instructions) and go to the Device Information table in the Status screen. Your NBG-419Ns IP address is available in the Device Information table. If your NBG-419N is a DHCP client, you can find your IP address from the DHCP server. This information is only available from the DHCP server which allocates IP addresses on your network. Find this information directly from the DHCP server or contact your system administrator for more information. current settings are lost. See Section 31.4 on page 221 in the Troubleshooting for information on resetting your NBG-419N. 4 Reset your NBG-419N to change all settings back to their default. This means your If the DHCP setting under LAN information is None, your device has a fixed If the DHCP setting under LAN information is Client, then your device receives an IP address from a DHCP server on the network. I forgot the password. IP address. 3 1 The default password is 1234. 218 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 31Troubleshooting 2 address. expected. See the Quick Start Guide. The default IP address is 192.168.1.1. JavaScripts and Java enabled. See Appendix A on page 233. suggestions for I dont know the IP address of my NBG-419N. 1 Make sure you are using the correct IP address. If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See Section 31.4 on page 221. If you changed the IP address (Section 13.4 on page 137), use the new IP If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, see the troubleshooting I cannot see or access the Login screen in the Web Configurator. 3 Make sure your Internet browser does not block pop-up windows and has 2 Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as 4 Make sure your computer is in the same subnet as the NBG-419N. (If you know that there are routers between your computer and the NBG-419N, skip this step.) Company Confidential If there is no DHCP server on your network, make sure your computers IP address is in the same subnet as the NBG-419N. See Appendix B on page 241. If the problem continues, contact the network administrator or vendor, or try one of the advanced suggestions. 5 Reset the device to its factory defaults, and try to access the NBG-419N with the 1 Make sure you have entered the password correctly. The default password is I can see the Login screen, but I cannot log in to the NBG-419N. If your computer is connected to the WAN port or is connected wirelessly, use a If there is a DHCP server on your network, make sure your computer is using computer that is connected to a LAN/ETHERNET port. a dynamic IP address. See Section 14.3 on page 139. default IP address. See Section 28.3 on page 208. Advanced Suggestion 1234. This field is case-sensitive, so make sure [Caps Lock] is not on. 6 NBG-419N Users Guide 219 Chapter 31Troubleshooting 4 2 expected. See the Quick Start Guide. I cannot access the Internet. These fields are case-sensitive, so make sure [Caps Lock] is not on. This can happen when you fail to log out properly from your last session. Try logging in again after 5 minutes. 31.3 Internet Access 3 Disconnect and re-connect the power adaptor or cord to the NBG-419N. 1 Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as 2 Make sure you entered your ISP account information correctly in the wizard. If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See Section 31.4 on page 221. Company Confidential I cannot access the Internet anymore. I had access to the Internet (with the NBG-
419N), but my Internet connection is not available anymore. If you are trying to access the Internet wirelessly, make sure the wireless settings in the wireless client are the same as the settings in the AP. Go to Network > Wireless LAN > General > WDS and check if the NBG-419N is set to bridge mode. Select Disable and try to connect to the Internet again. 5 Go to Maintenance > Sys OP Mode > General. Check your System Operation Mode 4 Disconnect all the cables from your device, and follow the directions in the Quick Select Access Point if your device bridges traffic between clients on the Select Router if your device routes traffic between a local network and If the problem continues, contact your ISP. another network such as the Internet. Start Guide again. same network. setting. 6 3 220 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 31Troubleshooting 1 3 1 Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as 2 Reboot the NBG-419N. 3 Reboot the NBG-419N. If the problem continues, contact your ISP. The Internet connection is slow or intermittent. expected. See the Quick Start Guide and Section 1.5 on page 22. 2 Check the signal strength. If the signal strength is low, try moving the NBG-419N closer to the AP if possible, and look around to see if there are any devices that might be interfering with the wireless network (for example, microwaves, other wireless networks, and so on). There might be a lot of traffic on the network. Look at the LEDs, and check Section 1.5 on page 22. If the NBG-419N is sending or receiving a lot of information, try closing some programs that use the Internet, especially peer-to-peer applications. Company Confidential 31.4 Resetting the NBG-419N to Its Factory Defaults If you reset the NBG-419N, you lose all of the changes you have made. The NBG-
419N re-loads its default settings, and the password resets to 1234. You have to make all of your changes again. If the problem continues, contact the network administrator or vendor, or try one of the advanced suggestions. is enabled, you might consider raising or lowering the priority for some applications. consider activating it. If it is enabled, you might consider changing the allocations. Check the settings for QoS. If it is disabled, you might consider activating it. If it Check the settings for bandwidth management. If it is disabled, you might Advanced Suggestions 4 NBG-419N Users Guide 221 Chapter 31Troubleshooting 3 2 To reset the NBG-419N, 1 Make sure the power LED is on. Press the RESET button for longer than 1 second to restart/reboot the NBG-419N. You will lose all of your changes when you push the RESET button. If the NBG-419N restarts automatically, wait for the NBG-419N to finish restarting, and log in to the Web Configurator. The password is 1234. If the NBG-419N does not restart automatically, disconnect and reconnect the NBG-419Ns power. Then, follow the directions above again. Press the RESET button for longer than five seconds to set the NBG-419N back to its factory-default configurations. 31.5 Wireless Router/AP Troubleshooting Company Confidential I cannot access the NBG-419N or ping any computer from the WLAN (wireless AP or router). 6 Make sure traffic between the WLAN and the LAN is not blocked by the firewall on 5 Check that both the NBG-419N and your wireless station are using the same 2 Make sure the wireless adapter on the wireless station is working properly. 3 Make sure the wireless adapter installed on your computer is IEEE 802.11 4 Make sure your computer (with a wireless adapter installed) is within the 7 Make sure you allow the NBG-419N to be remotely accessed through the WLAN 1 Make sure the wireless LAN is enabled on the NBG-419N compatible and supports the same wireless standard as the NBG-419N. wireless and wireless security settings. transmission range of the NBG-419N. the NBG-419N. interface. Check your remote management settings. 222 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 31Troubleshooting See the chapter on Wireless LAN in the Users Guide for more information. to select Router Mode. I can access the Internet, but I cannot open my network folders. I set up URL keyword blocking, but I can still access a website that should be blocked. Make sure that you select the Enable URL Keyword Blocking check box in the Content Filtering screen. Make sure that the keywords that you type are listed in the Keyword List. If a keyword that is listed in the Keyword List is not blocked when it is found in a URL, customize the keyword blocking using commands. See the Customizing Keyword Blocking URL Checking section in the Content Filter chapter. Company Confidential When you change from router mode to AP mode, your computer must have an IP address in the range between 192.168.1.3 and 192.168.1.254. In the Network > LAN > Advanced screen, make sure Allow between LAN and WAN is checked. This is not checked by default to keep the LAN secure. If you still cannot access a network folder, make sure your account has access rights to the folder you are trying to open. Refer to Appendix C on page 251 for instructions on how to change your computers IP address. I can access the Web Configurator after I switched to AP mode. NBG-419N Users Guide 223 Chapter 31Troubleshooting Company Confidential 224 NBG-419N Users Guide duplex mode. Output: 12 V DC 1A 162 mm x 115 mm x 33 mm Ethernet portsAuto-negotiating: 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps in either half-duplex or full-
252 g Input: 100~240 V AC, 50~60 Hz The following tables summarize the NBG-419Ns hardware and firmware features. Table 79 Hardware Features Dimensions (W x D x H) Weight Power Specification CHAPTER 32 Product Specifications Company Confidential The reset button is built into the rear panel. Use this button to restore the NBG-419N to its factory default settings. Press for 1 second to restart the device. Press for 5 seconds to restore to factory default settings. Press the WPS on two WPS enabled devices within 120 seconds for a security-enabled wireless connection. Turn on or turn off the wireless function of the NBG-419N using this switch. There is no need to go into the Web Configurator. The NBG-419N is equipped with two 2dBi (2.4GHz) detachable antennas to provide clear radio transmission and reception on the wireless network. Temperature: 0 C ~ 40 C / 32F ~ 104F Auto-crossover: Use either crossover or straight-through Ethernet cables. A combination of switch and router makes your NBG-419N a cost-
effective and viable network solution. You can add up to four computers to the NBG-419N without the cost of a hub when connecting to the Internet through the WAN port. You can add up to five computers to the NBG-419N when you connect to the Internet in AP mode. Add more than four computers to your LAN by using a hub. Humidity: 20% ~ 90%
Temperature: -30 C ~ 70 C / -22F ~ 158F LEDsPWR, LAN1-4, WAN, WLAN, WPS Reset Button Operation Environment Humidity: 20% ~ 95%
Storage Environment Wireless Switch 4-5 Port Switch WPS button Antenna NBG-419N Users Guide 225 Chapter 32Product Specifications features on the NBG-419N. DESCRIPTION 192.168.1.1 (router) Wireless FunctionalityAllows IEEE 802.11b and/or IEEE 802.11g wireless clients to Wireless LAN: Same as LAN (32 from 192.168.1.33 to 192.168.1.64) Table 80 Firmware Features FEATURE Default IP Address 192.168.1.2. (AP) 255.255.255.0 (24 bits) 1234 192.168.1.33 to 192.168.1.64 connect to the NBG-419N wirelessly. Enable wireless security (
WPA(2)-PSK) and/or MAC filtering to protect your wireless network. Default Subnet Mask Default Password DHCP Pool Wireless InterfaceWireless LAN Default Wireless SSIDZyXEL Default Wireless DHCP Pool Size Device ManagementUse the Web Configurator to easily configure the rich range of Company Confidential Note: Only upload firmware for your specific model!
Make a copy of the NBG-419Ns configuration and put it back on the NBG-419N later if you decide you want to revert back to an earlier configuration. Each computer on your network must have its own unique IP address. Use NAT to convert a single public IP address to multiple private IP addresses for the computers on your network. access. When the firewall is on, by default, all incoming traffic from the Internet to your network is blocked unless it is initiated from your network. This means that probes from the outside to your network are not allowed, but you can safely browse the Internet and download files for example. Frequency) interference from other 2.4 GHz devices such as microwave ovens, wireless phones, Bluetooth enabled devices, and other wireless LANs. Firmware UpgradeDownload new firmware (when available) from the ZyXEL web Note: The NBG-419N may be prone to RF (Radio FirewallYou can configure firewall on the NBG-419N for secure Internet site and use the Web Configurator to put it on the NBG-419N. Configuration Backup &
Restoration Network Address Translation (NAT) 226 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 32Product Specifications disabled. DESCRIPTION Time and DateGet the current time and date from an external server when Port ForwardingIf you have a server (mail or web server for example) on your Wireless LAN SchedulerYou can schedule the times the Wireless LAN is enabled/
Remote ManagementThis allows you to decide whether a service (HTTP or FTP traffic you turn on your NBG-419N. You can also set the time manually. These dates and times are then used in logs. for example) from a computer on a network (LAN or WAN for example) can access the NBG-419N. You can also subscribe to category-based content filtering that allows your NBG-419N to check web sites against an external database. Table 80 Firmware Features FEATURE Content FilterThe NBG-419N blocks or allows access to web sites that you Bandwidth Management You can efficiently manage traffic on your network by reserving bandwidth and giving priority to certain types of traffic and/or to particular computers. specify and blocks access to web sites with URLs that contain keywords that you specify. You can define time periods and days during which content filtering is enabled. You can also include or exclude particular computers on your network from content filtering. Company Confidential network, then use this feature to let people access it from the Internet. Use this feature to have the NBG-419N assign IP addresses, an IP default gateway and DNS servers to computers on your network. transfer of data through a Virtual Private Network (VPN). The NBG-419N supports one PPTP connection at a time. The NBG-419N can communicate with other UPnP enabled devices in a network. computers. The NBG-419N supports versions 1 and 2 of IGMP
(Internet Group Management Protocol) used to join multicast groups (see RFC 2236). use a fixed URL, www.zyxel.com for example, with a dynamic IP address. You must register for this service with a Dynamic DNS service provider. PPPoEPPPoE mimics a dial-up Internet access connection. PPTP EncapsulationPoint-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) enables secure Dynamic DNS SupportWith Dynamic DNS (Domain Name System) support, you can IP MulticastIP Multicast is used to send traffic to a specific group of LoggingUse logs for troubleshooting. You can view logs in the Web Universal Plug and Play
(UPnP) DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) Configurator. NBG-419N Users Guide 227 Chapter 32Product Specifications the NBG-419N on the screws. 32.1 Wall-mounting Instructions 2 Drill two holes for the screws. Figure 133 Wall-mounting Example cm between the heads of the screws and the wall. weight of the NBG-419N with the connection cables. Complete the following steps to hang your NBG-419N on a wall. 1 Select a position free of obstructions on a sturdy wall. 4 Make sure the screws are snugly fastened to the wall. They need to hold the 5 Align the holes on the back of the NBG-419N with the screws on the wall. Hang 3 Do not insert the screws all the way into the wall. Leave a small gap of about 0.5 Be careful to avoid damaging pipes or cables located inside the wall when drilling holes for the screws. Company Confidential 228 NBG-419N Users Guide Chapter 32Product Specifications Figure 134 Masonry Plug and M4 Tap Screw The following are dimensions of an M4 tap screw and masonry plug used for wall mounting. All measurements are in millimeters (mm). Company Confidential NBG-419N Users Guide 229 Chapter 32Product Specifications Company Confidential 230 NBG-419N Users Guide IP Addresses and Subnetting (241) Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions (233) Index PART VI Appendices and Company Confidential Setting up Your Computers IP Address
(251) Common Services (281) Legal Information (285) Wireless LANs (269) Index (293) 231 Company Confidential 232 versions may vary. Java permissions (enabled by default). In order to use the Web Configurator you need to allow:
Note: Internet Explorer 6 screens are used here. Screens for other Internet Explorer Web browser pop-up windows from your device. JavaScripts (enabled by default). APPENDIX A Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions Company Confidential Either disable pop-up blocking (enabled by default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2) or allow pop-up blocking and create an exception for your devices IP address. In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Pop-up Blocker and then select Turn Off Pop-up Blocker. You can also check if pop-up blocking is disabled in the Pop-up Blocker section in the Privacy tab. Internet Explorer Pop-up Blockers You may have to disable pop-up blocking to log into your device. Disable pop-up Blockers Figure 135 Pop-up Blocker 1 NBG-419N Users Guide 233 Appendix APop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions 1 In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Internet Options, Privacy. Figure 136 Internet Options: Privacy This disables any web pop-up blockers you may have enabled. 2 Clear the Block pop-ups check box in the Pop-up Blocker section of the screen. Company Confidential Alternatively, if you only want to allow pop-up windows from your device, see the following steps. In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Internet Options and then the Privacy tab. Enable pop-up Blockers with Exceptions 3 Click Apply to save this setting. 1 234 NBG-419N Users Guide Appendix APop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions 2 Select Settingsto open the Pop-up Blocker Settings screen. Figure 137 Internet Options: Privacy Company Confidential Type the IP address of your device (the web page that you do not want to have blocked) with the prefix http://. For example, http://192.168.167.1. 3 NBG-419N Users Guide 235 Appendix APop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions 4 Click Add to move the IP address to the list of Allowed sites. Figure 138 Pop-up Blocker Settings Company Confidential If pages of the Web Configurator do not display properly in Internet Explorer, check that JavaScripts are allowed. 5 Click Close to return to the Privacy screen. 6 Click Apply to save this setting. JavaScripts 236 NBG-419N Users Guide Appendix APop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions 1 In Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security tab. Figure 139 Internet Options: Security Company Confidential 5 Under Scripting of Java applets make sure that Enable is selected (the 4 Under Active scripting make sure that Enable is selected (the default). 2 Click the Custom Level... button. 3 Scroll down to Scripting. default). NBG-419N Users Guide 237 Appendix APop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions 6 Click OK to close the window. Java Permissions Figure 140 Security Settings - Java Scripting Company Confidential From Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security tab. 4 Under Java permissions make sure that a safety level is selected. 2 Click the Custom Level... button. 3 Scroll down to Microsoft VM. 1 238 NBG-419N Users Guide Appendix APop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions 5 Click OK to close the window. JAVA (Sun) Figure 141 Security Settings - Java Company Confidential From Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Advanced tab. 2 Make sure that Use Java 2 for <applet> under Java (Sun) is selected. 1 NBG-419N Users Guide 239 Appendix APop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions 3 Click OK to close the window. Figure 142 Java (Sun) Company Confidential 240 NBG-419N Users Guide This appendix introduces IP addresses and subnet masks. APPENDIX B Subnet masks determine the maximum number of possible hosts on a network. You can also use subnet masks to divide one network into multiple sub-networks. IP Addresses and Subnetting IP addresses identify individual devices on a network. Every networking device
(including computers, servers, routers, printers, etc.) needs an IP address to communicate across the network. These networking devices are also known as hosts. Company Confidential One part of the IP address is the network number, and the other part is the host ID. In the same way that houses on a street share a common street name, the hosts on a network share a common network number. Similarly, as each house has its own house number, each host on the network has its own unique identifying number - the host ID. Routers use the network number to send packets to the correct network, while the host ID determines to which host on the network the packets are delivered. An IP address is made up of four parts, written in dotted decimal notation (for example, 192.168.1.1). Each of these four parts is known as an octet. An octet is an eight-digit binary number (for example 11000000, which is 192 in decimal notation). Therefore, each octet has a possible range of 00000000 to 11111111 in binary, or 0 to 255 in decimal. Introduction to IP Addresses Structure NBG-419N Users Guide 241 Appendix BIP Addresses and Subnetting Figure 143 Network Number and Host ID The following figure shows an example IP address in which the first three octets
(192.168.1) are the network number, and the fourth octet (16) is the host ID. How much of the IP address is the network number and how much is the host ID varies according to the subnet mask. Company Confidential A subnet mask has 32 bits. If a bit in the subnet mask is a 1 then the corresponding bit in the IP address is part of the network number. If a bit in the subnet mask is 0 then the corresponding bit in the IP address is part of the host ID. A subnet mask is used to determine which bits are part of the network number, and which bits are part of the host ID (using a logical AND operation). The term subnet is short for sub-network. The following example shows a subnet mask identifying the network number (in bold text) and host ID of an IP address (192.168.1.2 in decimal). IP Address (Binary)11000000101010000000000100000010 Subnet Mask (Binary) Table 81 Subnet Mask - Identifying Network Number Subnet Masks 111111111111111111111111 1ST OCTET:
(192) 2ND OCTET:
(168) 3RD OCTET:
(1) 4TH OCTET
(2) 00000000 242 NBG-419N Users Guide Appendix BIP Addresses and Subnetting Table 81 Subnet Mask - Identifying Network Number 4TH OCTET
(2) 3RD OCTET:
(1) 2ND OCTET:
(168) Table 82 Subnet Masks Network Number Host ID00000010 1ST OCTET:
(192) 110000001010100000000001 Subnet masks can be referred to by the size of the network number part (the bits with a 1 value). For example, an 8-bit mask means that the first 8 bits of the mask are ones and the remaining 24 bits are zeroes. By convention, subnet masks always consist of a continuous sequence of ones beginning from the leftmost bit of the mask, followed by a continuous sequence of zeros, for a total number of 32 bits. Subnet masks are expressed in dotted decimal notation just like IP addresses. The following examples show the binary and decimal notation for 8-bit, 16-bit, 24-bit and 29-bit subnet masks. Company Confidential An IP address with host IDs of all zeros is the IP address of the network
(192.168.1.0 with a 24-bit subnet mask, for example). An IP address with host IDs of all ones is the broadcast address for that network (192.168.1.255 with a 24-bit subnet mask, for example). The size of the network number determines the maximum number of possible hosts you can have on your network. The larger the number of network number bits, the smaller the number of remaining host ID bits. 8-bit mask 11111111 11111111 16-bit mask 24-bit mask 29-bit mask 2ND OCTET 00000000 11111111 3RD OCTET 00000000 00000000 4TH OCTET 00000000 00000000 BINARY 1ST OCTET 255.255.255.24 8 255.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 Network Size 255.255.255.0 DECIMAL 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 11111111 11111111 11111000 NBG-419N Users Guide 243 Appendix BIP Addresses and Subnetting 6 2 2 2 48 3 bits HOST ID SIZE Notation MAXIMUM NUMBER OF HOSTS As these two IP addresses cannot be used for individual hosts, calculate the maximum number of possible hosts in a network as follows:
24 216777214 16 265534 8 2254 23 2 Table 83 Maximum Host Numbers SUBNET MASK 8 bits255.0.0.024 bits 16 bits255.255.0.016 bits 24 bits255.255.255.08 bits 29 bits255.255.255.2 Since the mask is always a continuous number of ones beginning from the left, followed by a continuous number of zeros for the remainder of the 32 bit mask, you can simply specify the number of ones instead of writing the value of each octet. This is usually specified by writing a / followed by the number of bits in the mask after the address. Company Confidential Table 84 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation SUBNET MASK 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.12 8 255.255.255.19 2 255.255.255.22 4 255.255.255.24 0 255.255.255.24 8 255.255.255.25 2 For example, 192.1.1.0 /25 is equivalent to saying 192.1.1.0 with subnet mask 255.255.255.128. The following table shows some possible subnet masks using both notations. ALTERNATIVE NOTATION
/24
/25 LAST OCTET
(BINARY) 0000 0000 1000 0000 LAST OCTET
(DECIMAL) 0 128 1111 1000 1111 1100 1111 0000 1100 0000 1110 0000 248 252 240 192 224
/29
/30
/28
/26
/27 244 NBG-419N Users Guide Appendix BIP Addresses and Subnetting Subnetting Figure 144 Subnetting Example: Before Subnetting The following figure shows the company network before subnetting. In this example, the company network address is 192.168.1.0. The first three octets of the address (192.168.1) are the network number, and the remaining octet is the host ID, allowing a maximum of 28 2 or 254 possible hosts. You can use subnetting to divide one network into multiple sub-networks. In the following example a network administrator creates two sub-networks to isolate a group of servers from the rest of the company network for security reasons. Company Confidential You can borrow one of the host ID bits to divide the network 192.168.1.0 into two separate sub-networks. The subnet mask is now 25 bits (255.255.255.128 or
/25). The borrowed host ID bit can have a value of either 0 or 1, allowing two subnets; 192.168.1.0 /25 and 192.168.1.128 /25. NBG-419N Users Guide 245 Appendix BIP Addresses and Subnetting Figure 145 Subnetting Example: After Subnetting The following figure shows the company network after subnetting. There are now two sub-networks, A and B. Company Confidential The previous example illustrated using a 25-bit subnet mask to divide a 24-bit address into two subnets. Similarly, to divide a 24-bit address into four subnets, you need to borrow two host ID bits to give four possible combinations (00, 01, 10 and 11). The subnet mask is 26 bits
(11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000) or 255.255.255.192. 192.168.1.0 with mask 255.255.255.128 is subnet A itself, and 192.168.1.127 with mask 255.255.255.128 is its broadcast address. Therefore, the lowest IP address that can be assigned to an actual host for subnet A is 192.168.1.1 and the highest is 192.168.1.126. In a 25-bit subnet the host ID has 7 bits, so each sub-network has a maximum of 27 2 or 126 possible hosts (a host ID of all zeroes is the subnets address itself, all ones is the subnets broadcast address). Similarly, the host ID range for subnet B is 192.168.1.129 to 192.168.1.254. Example: Four Subnets 246 NBG-419N Users Guide Appendix BIP Addresses and Subnetting NETWORK NUMBER NETWORK NUMBER Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.62 LAST OCTET BIT VALUE 64 LAST OCTET BIT VALUE 0 Table 85 Subnet 1 IP/SUBNET MASK Table 86 Subnet 2 IP/SUBNET MASK IP Address IP Address (Binary) Subnet Mask (Binary) Subnet Address:
192.168.1.64 Broadcast Address:
192.168.1.127 IP Address (Decimal) IP Address (Binary) Subnet Mask (Binary) Subnet Address:
192.168.1.0 Broadcast Address:
192.168.1.63 Each subnet contains 6 host ID bits, giving 26 - 2 or 62 hosts for each subnet (a host ID of all zeroes is the subnet itself, all ones is the subnets broadcast address). 192.168.1. 11000000.10101000.00000001. 01000000 11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000 Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.65 192.168.1. 11000000.10101000.00000001. 00000000 11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000 Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.1 Company Confidential 192.168.1. 11000000.10101000.00000001. 10000000 11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000 Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.129 IP Address IP Address (Binary) Subnet Mask (Binary) Subnet Address:
192.168.1.128 Broadcast Address:
192.168.1.191 192.168.1. 11000000.10101000.00000001
. 11111111.11111111.11111111
. LAST OCTET BIT VALUE 192 11000000 Table 88 Subnet 4 IP/SUBNET MASK Table 87 Subnet 3 IP/SUBNET MASK LAST OCTET BIT VALUE 128 IP Address IP Address (Binary) Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.190 Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.126 NETWORK NUMBER NETWORK NUMBER Subnet Mask (Binary) 11000000 NBG-419N Users Guide 247 Appendix BIP Addresses and Subnetting Table 88 Subnet 4 (continued) IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.193 Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.254 LAST OCTET BIT VALUE Example: Eight Subnets The following table shows IP address last octet values for each subnet. Table 89 Eight Subnets SUBNET Subnet Address:
192.168.1.192 Broadcast Address:
192.168.1.255 Similarly, use a 27-bit mask to create eight subnets (000, 001, 010, 011, 100, 101, 110 and 111). Company Confidential Table 90 24-bit Network Number Subnet Planning NO. BORROWED HOST BITS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 NO. SUBNETS NO. HOSTS PER 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 FIRST ADDRESS LAST 1 33 65 97 129 161 193 225 255.255.255.128 (/25) 255.255.255.192 (/26) 255.255.255.224 (/27) 255.255.255.240 (/28) 255.255.255.248 (/29) 255.255.255.252 (/30) 255.255.255.254 (/31) The following table is a summary for subnet planning on a network with a 24-bit network number. BROADCAST ADDRESS 31 63 95 127 159 191 223 255 SUBNET ADDRESS 0 32 64 96 128 160 192 224 ADDRESS 30 62 94 126 158 190 222 254 SUBNET 126 62 30 14 6 2 1 Subnet Planning SUBNET MASK 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 248 NBG-419N Users Guide Appendix BIP Addresses and Subnetting SUBNET MASK The following table is a summary for subnet planning on a network with a 16-bit network number. NO. HOSTS PER SUBNET 32766 16382 8190 4094 2046 1022 510 254 126 62 30 14 6 2 1 255.255.128.0 (/17) 255.255.192.0 (/18) 255.255.224.0 (/19) 255.255.240.0 (/20) 255.255.248.0 (/21) 255.255.252.0 (/22) 255.255.254.0 (/23) 255.255.255.0 (/24) 255.255.255.128 (/25) 255.255.255.192 (/26) 255.255.255.224 (/27) 255.255.255.240 (/28) 255.255.255.248 (/29) 255.255.255.252 (/30) 255.255.255.254 (/31) Table 91 16-bit Network Number Subnet Planning NO. BORROWED NO. SUBNETS HOST BITS 2 1 4 2 3 8 16 4 32 5 6 64 128 7 256 8 512 9 10 1024 2048 11 4096 12 13 8192 16384 14 15 32768 Company Confidential If the ISP did not explicitly give you an IP network number, then most likely you have a single user account and the ISP will assign you a dynamic IP address when the connection is established. If this is the case, it is recommended that you select a network number from 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.0. The Internet Assigned Number Authority (IANA) reserved this block of addresses specifically for private use; please do not use any other number unless you are told otherwise. You must also enable Network Address Translation (NAT) on the NBG-419N. Where you obtain your network number depends on your particular situation. If the ISP or your network administrator assigns you a block of registered IP addresses, follow their instructions in selecting the IP addresses and the subnet mask. Once you have decided on the network number, pick an IP address for your NBG-
419N that is easy to remember (for instance, 192.168.1.1) but make sure that no other device on your network is using that IP address. The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your NBG-419N will compute the subnet mask automatically based on the IP address Configuring IP Addresses NBG-419N Users Guide 249 Appendix BIP Addresses and Subnetting Private IP Addresses 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255 that you entered. You don't need to change the subnet mask computed by the NBG-419N unless you are instructed to do otherwise. 10.0.0.0 10.255.255.255 172.16.0.0 172.31.255.255 Every machine on the Internet must have a unique address. If your networks are isolated from the Internet (running only between two branch offices, for example) you can assign any IP addresses to the hosts without problems. However, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has reserved the following three blocks of IP addresses specifically for private networks:
You can obtain your IP address from the IANA, from an ISP, or it can be assigned from a private network. If you belong to a small organization and your Internet access is through an ISP, the ISP can provide you with the Internet addresses for your local networks. On the other hand, if you are part of a much larger organization, you should consult your network administrator for the appropriate IP addresses. Company Confidential Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an arbitrary IP address;
always follow the guidelines above. For more information on address assignment, please refer to RFC 1597, Address Allocation for Private Internets and RFC 1466, Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space. 250 NBG-419N Users Guide All computers must have a 10M or 100M Ethernet adapter card and TCP/IP installed. Windows 95/98/Me/NT/2000/XP, Macintosh OS 7 and later operating systems and all versions of UNIX/LINUX include the software components you need to install and use TCP/IP on your computer. Windows 3.1 requires the purchase of a third-
party TCP/IP application package. APPENDIX C Setting up Your Computers IP Address Company Confidential If you manually assign IP information instead of using dynamic assignment, make sure that your computers have IP addresses that place them in the same subnet as the Prestiges LAN port. TCP/IP should already be installed on computers using Windows NT/2000/XP, Macintosh OS 7 and later operating systems. After the appropriate TCP/IP components are installed, configure the TCP/IP settings in order to "communicate" with your network. NBG-419N Users Guide 251 Appendix CSetting up Your Computer s IP Address Windows 95/98/Me Figure 146 WIndows 95/98/Me: Network: Configuration Click Start, Settings, Control Panel and double-click the Network icon to open the Network window. Company Confidential The Network window Configuration tab displays a list of installed components. You need a network adapter, the TCP/IP protocol and Client for Microsoft Networks. 3 Select the manufacturer and model of your network adapter and then click OK. 2 Select Adapter and then click Add. Installing Components In the Network window, click Add. In the Network window, click Add. If you need the adapter:
If you need TCP/IP:
1 1 2 Select Protocol and then click Add. 252 NBG-419N Users Guide Appendix CSetting up Your Computer s IP Address 3 Select Microsoft from the list of manufacturers. 1 click OK. 1 Click Add. Configuring If you need Client for Microsoft Networks:
2 Select Client and then click Add. 3 Select Microsoft from the list of manufacturers. 5 Restart your computer so the changes you made take effect. 4 Select TCP/IP from the list of network protocols and then click OK. 4 Select Client for Microsoft Networks from the list of network clients and then In the Network window Configuration tab, select your network adapter's TCP/IP entry and click Properties Company Confidential If your IP address is dynamic, select Obtain an IP address automatically. If you have a static IP address, select Specify an IP address and type your information into the IP Address and Subnet Mask fields. Figure 147 Windows 95/98/Me: TCP/IP Properties: IP Address 2 Click the IP Address tab. NBG-419N Users Guide 253 Appendix CSetting up Your Computer s IP Address 3 Click the DNS Configuration tab. Figure 148 Windows 95/98/Me: TCP/IP Properties: DNS Configuration If you do not know your DNS information, select Disable DNS. If you know your DNS information, select Enable DNS and type the information in the fields below (you may not need to fill them all in). Company Confidential In the Run window, type "winipcfg" and then click OK to open the IP Configuration window. 6 Click OK to close the Network window. Insert the Windows CD if prompted. If you have a gateway IP address, type it in the New gateway field and click 5 Click OK to save and close the TCP/IP Properties window. If you do not know your gateways IP address, remove previously installed Turn on your Prestige and restart your computer when prompted. 1 Click Start and then Run. 4 Click the Gateway tab. Verifying Settings gateways. Add. 2 7 254 NBG-419N Users Guide Appendix CSetting up Your Computer s IP Address 3 Select your network adapter. You should see your computer's IP address, subnet mask and default gateway. Figure 149 Windows XP: Start Menu Windows 2000/NT/XP The following example figures use the default Windows XP GUI theme. 1 Click start (Start in Windows 2000/NT), Settings, Control Panel. Company Confidential NBG-419N Users Guide 255 Appendix CSetting up Your Computer s IP Address 2 Figure 150 Windows XP: Control Panel In the Control Panel, double-click Network Connections (Network and Dial-
up Connections in Windows 2000/NT). 3 Right-click Local Area Connection and then click Properties. Figure 151 Windows XP: Control Panel: Network Connections: Properties Company Confidential 256 NBG-419N Users Guide Appendix CSetting up Your Computer s IP Address 4 Select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) (under the General tab in Win XP) and then click Properties. Figure 152 Windows XP: Local Area Connection Properties Company Confidential The Internet Protocol TCP/IP Properties window opens (the General tab in Windows XP). If you have a static IP address click Use the following IP Address and fill in If you have a dynamic IP address click Obtain an IP address the IP address, Subnet mask, and Default gateway fields. automatically. 5 NBG-419N Users Guide 257 Appendix CSetting up Your Computer s IP Address Click Advanced. Figure 153 Windows XP: Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties Company Confidential Gateway. To manually configure a default metric (the number of transmission hops), clear the Automatic metric check box and type a metric in Metric. In the IP Settings tab, in IP addresses, click Add. In TCP/IP Address, type an IP address in IP address and a subnet mask in Click Add. Repeat the previous three steps for each default gateway you want to add. If you do not know your gateway's IP address, remove any previously installed gateways in the IP Settings tab and click OK. Do one or more of the following if you want to configure additional IP addresses:
In TCP/IP Gateway Address, type the IP address of the default gateway in Configure additional default gateways in the IP Settings tab by clicking Add Repeat the above two steps for each IP address you want to add. Subnet mask, and then click Add. in Default gateways. 6 258 NBG-419N Users Guide Appendix CSetting up Your Computer s IP Address Click OK when finished. Figure 154 Windows XP: Advanced TCP/IP Properties Company Confidential In the Internet Protocol TCP/IP Properties window (the General tab in Windows XP):
server addresses, and type them in the Preferred DNS server and Alternate DNS server fields. Click Obtain DNS server address automatically if you do not know your If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click Use the following DNS DNS server IP address(es). 7 NBG-419N Users Guide 259 Appendix CSetting up Your Computer s IP Address If you have previously configured DNS servers, click Advanced and then the DNS tab to order them. Figure 155 Windows XP: Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties Company Confidential In the Command Prompt window, type "ipconfig" and then press [ENTER]. You can also open Network Connections, right-click a network connection, click Status and then click the Support tab. 10 Close the Network Connections window (Network and Dial-up Connections 9 Click Close (OK in Windows 2000/NT) to close the Local Area Connection 8 Click OK to close the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window. 1 Click Start, All Programs, Accessories and then Command Prompt. 11 Turn on your Prestige and restart your computer (if prompted). Verifying Settings in Windows 2000/NT). Properties window. 2 260 NBG-419N Users Guide Appendix CSetting up Your Computer s IP Address Macintosh OS 8/9 IP Control Panel. Figure 156 Macintosh OS 8/9: Apple Menu 1 Click the Apple menu, Control Panel and double-click TCP/IP to open the TCP/
Company Confidential NBG-419N Users Guide 261 Appendix CSetting up Your Computer s IP Address 2 Select Ethernet built-in from the Connect via list. 4 3 From the Configure box, select Manually. Figure 157 Macintosh OS 8/9: TCP/IP For statically assigned settings, do the following:
For dynamically assigned settings, select Using DHCP Server from the Configure: list. Company Confidential Type your IP address in the IP Address box. Type your subnet mask in the Subnet mask box. 6 Click Save if prompted, to save changes to your configuration. Check your TCP/IP properties in the TCP/IP Control Panel window. Type the IP address of your Prestige in the Router address box. Turn on your Prestige and restart your computer (if prompted). 5 Close the TCP/IP Control Panel. Verifying Settings 7 262 NBG-419N Users Guide Appendix CSetting up Your Computer s IP Address Macintosh OS X 3 Preferences window. Click the TCP/IP tab. 2 Click Network in the icon bar. Figure 159 Macintosh OS X: Network Figure 158 Macintosh OS X: Apple Menu For dynamically assigned settings, select Using DHCP from the Configure list. 1 Click the Apple menu, and click System Preferences to open the System Select Automatic from the Location list. Select Built-in Ethernet from the Show list. Company Confidential NBG-419N Users Guide 263 Appendix CSetting up Your Computer s IP Address 4 For statically assigned settings, do the following:
6 Linux Verifying Settings 5 Click Apply Now and close the window. Check your TCP/IP properties in the Network window. Turn on your Prestige and restart your computer (if prompted). From the Configure box, select Manually. Type your IP address in the IP Address box. Type your subnet mask in the Subnet mask box. Type the IP address of your Prestige in the Router address box. This section shows you how to configure your computers TCP/IP settings in Red Hat Linux 9.0. Procedure, screens and file location may vary depending on your Linux distribution and release version. Company Confidential Setting and click Network. Figure 160 Red Hat 9.0: KDE: Network Configuration: Devices 1 Click the Red Hat button (located on the bottom left corner), select System Follow the steps below to configure your computer IP address using the KDE. Note: Make sure you are logged in as the root administrator. Using the K Desktop Environment (KDE) 264 NBG-419N Users Guide Appendix CSetting up Your Computer s IP Address 2 Double-click on the profile of the network card you wish to configure. The Ethernet Device General screen displays as shown. Figure 161 Red Hat 9.0: KDE: Ethernet Device: General If you have a dynamic IP address click Automatically obtain IP address Company Confidential If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click the DNS tab in the Network Configuration screen. Enter the DNS server information in the fields provided. Figure 162 Red Hat 9.0: KDE: Network Configuration: DNS 3 Click OK to save the changes and close the Ethernet Device General screen. If you have a static IP address click Statically set IP Addresses and fill in the Address, Subnet mask, and Default Gateway Address fields. settings with and select dhcp from the drop down list. 4 NBG-419N Users Guide 265 Appendix CSetting up Your Computer s IP Address 5 Click the Devices tab. Using Configuration Files Active in the Network Configuration screen. Click Yes to save the changes in all screens. Figure 163 Red Hat 9.0: KDE: Network Configuration: Activate 7 After the network card restart process is complete, make sure the Status is 6 Click the Activate button to apply the changes. The following screen displays. Follow the steps below to edit the network configuration files and set your computer IP address. Company Confidential ifconfig-eth0 configuration file (where eth0 is the name of the Ethernet card). Open the configuration file with any plain text editor. If you have a dynamic IP address, enter dhcp in the BOOTPROTO= field. The 1 Assuming that you have only one network card on the computer, locate the DEVICE=eth0 ONBOOT=yes BOOTPROTO=dhcp USERCTL=no PEERDNS=yes TYPE=Ethernet Figure 164 Red Hat 9.0: Dynamic IP Address Setting in ifconfig-eth0 following figure shows an example. 266 NBG-419N Users Guide Appendix CSetting up Your Computer s IP Address 2 nameserver 172.23.5.1 nameserver 172.23.5.2 Figure 166 Red Hat 9.0: DNS Settings in resolv.conf Figure 165 Red Hat 9.0: Static IP Address Setting in ifconfig-eth0 DEVICE=eth0 ONBOOT=yes BOOTPROTO=static IPADDR=192.168.1.10 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 USERCTL=no PEERDNS=yes TYPE=Ethernet If you know your DNS server IP address(es), enter the DNS server information in the resolv.conf file in the /etc directory. The following figure shows an example where two DNS server IP addresses are specified. If you have a static IP address, enter static in the BOOTPROTO= field. Type IPADDR= followed by the IP address (in dotted decimal notation) and type NETMASK= followed by the subnet mask. The following example shows an example where the static IP address is 192.168.1.10 and the subnet mask is 255.255.255.0. Company Confidential
[root@localhost init.d]# network restart Shutting down interface eth0: [OK]
Shutting down loopback interface: [OK]
Setting network parameters: [OK]
Bringing up loopback interface: [OK]
Bringing up interface eth0: [OK]
Enter./network restart in the /etc/rc.d/init.d directory. The following figure shows an example. 3 After you edit and save the configuration files, you must restart the network card. Figure 167 Red Hat 9.0: Restart Ethernet Card NBG-419N Users Guide 267 Appendix CSetting up Your Computer s IP Address 32.1.1 Verifying Settings Figure 168 Red Hat 9.0: Checking TCP/IP Properties Enter ifconfig in a terminal screen to check your TCP/IP properties.
[root@localhost]# ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:50:BA:72:5B:44 inet addr:172.23.19.129 Bcast:172.23.19.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:717 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:13 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:100 RX bytes:730412 (713.2 Kb) TX bytes:1570 (1.5 Kb) Interrupt:10 Base address:0x1000
[root@localhost]#
Company Confidential 268 NBG-419N Users Guide Ad-hoc Wireless LAN Configuration Wireless LAN Topologies This section discusses ad-hoc and infrastructure wireless LAN topologies. APPENDIX D Wireless LANs The simplest WLAN configuration is an independent (Ad-hoc) WLAN that connects a set of computers with wireless stations (A, B, C). Any time two or more wireless adapters are within range of each other, they can set up an independent network, which is commonly referred to as an Ad-hoc network or Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS). The following diagram shows an example of notebook computers using wireless adapters to form an Ad-hoc wireless LAN. Company Confidential A Basic Service Set (BSS) exists when all communications between wireless stations or between a wireless station and a wired network client go through one access point (AP). Intra-BSS traffic is traffic between wireless stations in the BSS. When Intra-BSS is enabled, wireless station A and B can access the wired network and communicate Figure 169 Peer-to-Peer Communication in an Ad-hoc Network BSS NBG-419N Users Guide 269 Appendix DWireless LANs Figure 170 Basic Service Set with each other. When Intra-BSS is disabled, wireless station A and B can still access the wired network but cannot communicate with each other. Company Confidential An Extended Service Set (ESS) consists of a series of overlapping BSSs, each containing an access point, with each access point connected together by a wired network. This wired connection between APs is called a Distribution System (DS). This type of wireless LAN topology is called an Infrastructure WLAN. The Access Points not only provide communication with the wired network but also mediate wireless network traffic in the immediate neighborhood. ESS 270 NBG-419N Users Guide Appendix DWireless LANs Figure 171 Infrastructure WLAN An ESSID (ESS IDentification) uniquely identifies each ESS. All access points and their associated wireless stations within the same ESS must have the same ESSID in order to communicate. Company Confidential A channel is the radio frequency(ies) used by IEEE 802.11a/b/g wireless devices. Channels available depend on your geographical area. You may have a choice of channels (for your region) so you should use a different channel than an adjacent AP (access point) to reduce interference. Interference occurs when radio signals from different access points overlap causing interference and degrading performance. Adjacent channels partially overlap however. To avoid interference due to overlap, your AP should be on a channel at least five channels away from a channel that an adjacent AP is using. For example, if your region has 11 channels and an adjacent AP is using channel 1, then you need to select a channel between 6 or 11. A hidden node occurs when two stations are within range of the same access point, but are not within range of each other. The following figure illustrates a hidden node. Both stations (STA) are within range of the access point (AP) or RTS/CTS Channel NBG-419N Users Guide 271 Appendix DWireless LANs Figure 172 RTS/CTS wireless gateway, but out-of-range of each other, so they cannot "hear" each other, that is they do not know if the channel is currently being used. Therefore, they are considered hidden from each other. RTS/CTS is designed to prevent collisions due to hidden nodes. An RTS/CTS defines the biggest size data frame you can send before an RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake is invoked. When station A sends data to the AP, it might not know that the station B is already using the channel. If these two stations send data at the same time, collisions may occur when both sets of data arrive at the AP at the same time, resulting in a loss of messages for both stations. Company Confidential When a data frame exceeds the RTS/CTS value you set (between 0 to 2432 bytes), the station that wants to transmit this frame must first send an RTS
(Request To Send) message to the AP for permission to send it. The AP then responds with a CTS (Clear to Send) message to all other stations within its range to notify them to defer their transmission. It also reserves and confirms with the requesting station the time frame for the requested transmission. You should only configure RTS/CTS if the possibility of hidden nodes exists on your network and the "cost" of resending large frames is more than the extra network overhead involved in the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake. If the RTS/CTS value is greater than the Fragmentation Threshold value (see next), then the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake will never occur as data frames will be fragmented before they reach RTS/CTS size. Note: Enabling the RTS Threshold causes redundant network overhead that could negatively affect the throughput performance instead of providing a remedy. Stations can send frames smaller than the specified RTS/CTS directly to the AP without the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake. 272 NBG-419N Users Guide Appendix DWireless LANs Fragmentation Threshold Preamble Type A preamble is used to synchronize the transmission timing in your wireless network. There are two preamble modes: Long and Short. A large Fragmentation Threshold is recommended for networks not prone to interference while you should set a smaller threshold for busy networks or networks that are prone to interference. A Fragmentation Threshold is the maximum data fragment size (between 256 and 2432 bytes) that can be sent in the wireless network before the AP will fragment the packet into smaller data frames. If the Fragmentation Threshold value is smaller than the RTS/CTS value (see previously) you set then the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake will never occur as data frames will be fragmented before they reach RTS/CTS size. Company Confidential Select Long if you have a noisy network or are unsure of what preamble mode your wireless stations support as all IEEE 802.11b compliant wireless adapters must support long preamble. However, not all wireless adapters support short preamble. Use long preamble if you are unsure what preamble mode the wireless adapters support, to ensure interpretability between the AP and the wireless stations and to provide more reliable communication in noisy networks. IEEE 802.11g is fully compatible with the IEEE 802.11b standard. This means an IEEE 802.11b adapter can interface directly with an IEEE 802.11g access point
(and vice versa) at 11 Mbps or lower depending on range. IEEE 802.11g has Short preamble takes less time to process and minimizes overhead, so it should be used in a good wireless network environment when all wireless stations support it. Select Dynamic to have the AP automatically use short preamble when all wireless stations support it, otherwise the AP uses long preamble. Note: The AP and the wireless stations MUST use the same preamble mode in order IEEE 802.11g Wireless LAN to communicate. NBG-419N Users Guide 273 Appendix DWireless LANs MODULATION IEEE 802.1x OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) several intermediate rate steps between the maximum and minimum data rates. The IEEE 802.11g data rate and modulation are as follows:
In June 2001, the IEEE 802.1x standard was designed to extend the features of IEEE 802.11 to support extended authentication as well as providing additional accounting and control features. It is supported by Windows XP and a number of network devices. Some advantages of IEEE 802.1x are:
Table 92 IEEE 802.11g DATA RATE
(MBPS) 1DBPSK (Differential Binary Phase Shift Keyed) 2DQPSK (Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) 5.5 / 11CCK (Complementary Code Keying) 6/9/12/18/24/36/
48/54 Company Confidential User based identification that allows for roaming. Support for RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial In User Service, RFC 2138, 2139) for centralized user profile and accounting management on a network RADIUS server. RADIUS is based on a client-server model that supports authentication, authorization and accounting. The access point is the client and the server is the RADIUS server. The RADIUS server handles the following tasks:
Determines the network services available to authenticated users once they are connected to the network. additional authentication methods to be deployed with no changes to the access point or the wireless stations. Support for EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol, RFC 2486) that allows RADIUS is a simple package exchange in which your AP acts as a message relay between the wireless station and the network RADIUS server. Keeps track of the clients network activity. Determines the identity of the users. RADIUS Authentication Authorization Accounting 274 NBG-419N Users Guide Appendix DWireless LANs Types of RADIUS Messages Access-Reject Access-Accept Access-Request Access-Challenge Accounting-Request Sent by a RADIUS server rejecting access. Sent by a RADIUS server allowing access. Sent by the access point requesting accounting. Sent by an access point requesting authentication. The following types of RADIUS messages are exchanged between the access point and the RADIUS server for user authentication:
The following types of RADIUS messages are exchanged between the access point and the RADIUS server for user accounting:
Sent by a RADIUS server requesting more information in order to allow access. The access point sends a proper response from the user and then sends another Access-Request message. Company Confidential In order to ensure network security, the access point and the RADIUS server use a shared secret key, which is a password, they both know. The key is not sent over the network. In addition to the shared key, password information exchanged is also encrypted to protect the network from unauthorized access. MD5 authentication is the simplest one-way authentication method. The authentication server sends a challenge to the wireless station. The wireless station proves that it knows the password by encrypting the password with the challenge and sends back the information. Password is not sent in plain text. This appendix discusses some popular authentication types: EAP-MD5, EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS, PEAP and LEAP. The type of authentication you use depends on the RADIUS server or the AP. Consult your network administrator for more information. Sent by the RADIUS server to indicate that it has started or stopped accounting. Types of Authentication EAP-MD5 (Message-Digest Algorithm 5) Accounting-Response NBG-419N Users Guide 275 Appendix DWireless LANs EAP-TLS (Transport Layer Security) EAP-TTLS (Tunneled Transport Layer Service) However, MD5 authentication has some weaknesses. Since the authentication server needs to get the plaintext passwords, the passwords must be stored. Thus someone other than the authentication server may access the password file. In addition, it is possible to impersonate an authentication server as MD5 authentication method does not perform mutual authentication. Finally, MD5 authentication method does not support data encryption with dynamic session key. You must configure WEP encryption keys for data encryption. With EAP-TLS, digital certifications are needed by both the server and the wireless stations for mutual authentication. The server presents a certificate to the client. After validating the identity of the server, the client sends a different certificate to the server. The exchange of certificates is done in the open before a secured tunnel is created. This makes user identity vulnerable to passive attacks. A digital certificate is an electronic ID card that authenticates the senders identity. However, to implement EAP-TLS, you need a Certificate Authority (CA) to handle certificates, which imposes a management overhead. Company Confidential Like EAP-TTLS, server-side certificate authentication is used to establish a secure connection, then use simple username and password methods through the secured connection to authenticate the clients, thus hiding client identity. However, PEAP only supports EAP methods, such as EAP-MD5, EAP-MSCHAPv2 and EAP-GTC (EAP-Generic Token Card), for client authentication. EAP-GTC is implemented only by Cisco. EAP-TTLS is an extension of the EAP-TLS authentication that uses certificates for only the server-side authentications to establish a secure connection. Client authentication is then done by sending username and password through the secure connection, thus client identity is protected. For client authentication, EAP-
TTLS supports EAP methods and legacy authentication methods such as PAP, CHAP, MS-CHAP and MS-CHAP v2. LEAP (Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol) is a Cisco implementation of IEEE 802.1x. The AP maps a unique key that is generated with the RADIUS server. This key expires when the wireless connection times out, disconnects or reauthentication times out. A new WEP key is generated each time reauthentication is performed. Dynamic WEP Key Exchange PEAP (Protected EAP) LEAP 276 NBG-419N Users Guide Appendix DWireless LANs Table 93 Comparison of EAP Authentication Types Yes Optional Yes Yes Strong Moderate Yes Note: EAP-MD5 cannot be used with dynamic WEP key exchange EAP-MD5 No No No No None Easy No If this feature is enabled, it is not necessary to configure a default encryption key in the Wireless screen. You may still configure and store keys here, but they will not be used while Dynamic WEP is enabled. LEAP PEAP Yes Yes No Optional No Yes Yes Yes Strong Moderate Moderate Moderate Yes Mutual Authentication Certificate Client Certificate Server Dynamic Key Exchange Credential Integrity Deployment Difficulty Client Identity Protection EAP-TLS EAP-TTLS Yes Yes Yes Yes Strong Hard No For added security, certificate-based authentications (EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS and PEAP) use dynamic keys for data encryption. They are often deployed in corporate environments, but for public deployment, a simple user name and password pair is more practical. The following table is a comparison of the features of authentication types. Company Confidential Both WPA and WPA2 improve data encryption by using Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP), Message Integrity Check (MIC) and IEEE 802.1x. In addition to TKIP, WPA2 also uses Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) in the Counter mode with Cipher block chaining Message authentication code Protocol (CCMP) to offer stronger encryption. Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) uses 128-bit keys that are dynamically generated and distributed by the authentication server. It includes a per-packet key mixing function, a Message Integrity Check (MIC) named Michael, an extended initialization vector (IV) with sequencing rules, and a re-keying mechanism. Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) is a subset of the IEEE 802.11i standard. WPA2
(IEEE 802.11i) is a wireless security standard that defines stronger encryption, authentication and key management than WPA. Key differences between WPA(2) and WEP are improved data encryption and user authentication. Encryption WPA(2) No NBG-419N Users Guide 277 Appendix DWireless LANs WPA2 AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) is a block cipher that uses a 256-bit mathematical algorithm called Rijndael. By generating unique data encryption keys for every data packet and by creating an integrity checking mechanism (MIC), TKIP makes it much more difficult to decode data on a Wi-Fi network than WEP, making it difficult for an intruder to break into the network. The Message Integrity Check (MIC) is designed to prevent an attacker from capturing data packets, altering them and resending them. The MIC provides a strong mathematical function in which the receiver and the transmitter each compute and then compare the MIC. If they do not match, it is assumed that the data has been tampered with and the packet is dropped. TKIP regularly changes and rotates the encryption keys so that the same encryption key is never used twice. The RADIUS server distributes a Pairwise Master Key (PMK) key to the AP that then sets up a key hierarchy and management system, using the pair-wise key to dynamically generate unique data encryption keys to encrypt every data packet that is wirelessly communicated between the AP and the wireless clients. This all happens in the background automatically. Company Confidential If both an AP and the wireless clients support WPA2 and you have an external RADIUS server, use WPA2 for stronger data encryption. If you don't have an external RADIUS server, you should use WPA2 -PSK (WPA2 -Pre-Shared Key) that only requires a single (identical) password entered into each access point, wireless gateway and wireless client. As long as the passwords match, a wireless client will be granted access to a WLAN. The encryption mechanisms used for WPA and WPA-PSK are the same. The only difference between the two is that WPA-PSK uses a simple common password, instead of user-specific credentials. The common-password approach makes WPA-
PSK susceptible to brute-force password-guessing attacks but it's still an improvement over WEP as it employs an easier-to-use, consistent, single, alphanumeric password. Select WEP only when the AP and/or wireless clients do not support WPA or WPA2. WEP is less secure than WPA or WPA2. WPA or WPA2 applies IEEE 802.1x and Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) to authenticate wireless clients using an external RADIUS database. If the AP or the wireless clients do not support WPA2, just use WPA or WPA-PSK depending on whether you have an external RADIUS server or not. User Authentication 278 NBG-419N Users Guide Appendix DWireless LANs 4 3 2 1 32.1.2 WPA(2)-PSK Application Example A WPA(2)-PSK application looks as follows. Figure 173 WPA(2)-PSK Authentication The AP derives and distributes keys to the wireless clients. The AP checks each wireless client's password and (only) allows it to join the network if the password matches. The AP and wireless clients use the TKIP or AES encryption process to encrypt data exchanged between them. First enter identical passwords into the AP and all wireless clients. The Pre-Shared Key (PSK) must consist of between 8 and 63 ASCII characters (including spaces and symbols). Company Confidential You need the IP address of the RADIUS server, its port number (default is 1812), and the RADIUS shared secret. A WPA(2) application example with an external RADIUS server looks as follows. "A" is the RADIUS server. "DS" is the distribution system. The RADIUS server distributes a Pairwise Master Key (PMK) key to the AP that then sets up a key hierarchy and management system, using the pair-wise key to dynamically generate unique data encryption keys to encrypt every data packet that is wirelessly communicated between the AP and the wireless clients. The RADIUS server then checks the user's identification against its database and grants or denies network access accordingly. 32.1.3 WPA(2) with RADIUS Application Example The AP passes the wireless client's authentication request to the RADIUS server. 1 2 3 NBG-419N Users Guide 279 Appendix DWireless LANs Security Parameters Summary Yes WEP WEP Open Shared No Yes No ENCRYPTIO N METHOD ENTER MANUAL KEY IEEE 802.1X Table 94 Wireless Security Relational Matrix AUTHENTICATION METHOD/ KEY MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL OpenNoneNoDisable Refer to this table to see what other security parameters you should configure for each Authentication Method/ key management protocol type. MAC address filters are not dependent on how you configure these security features. Company Confidential Enable without Dynamic WEP Key Enable with Dynamic WEP Key Enable without Dynamic WEP Key Disable Enable with Dynamic WEP Key Enable without Dynamic WEP Key Disable Enable Enable Enable Enable WPA WPA-PSK WPA2 WPA2-PSK TKIP TKIP AES AES Yes No Yes No Yes Yes 280 NBG-419N Users Guide create a different one, if you like. Port(s): This value depends on the Protocol. Please refer to RFC 1700 for Protocol: This is the type of IP protocol used by the service. If this is TCP/
Name: This is a short, descriptive name for the service. You can use this one or APPENDIX E UDP, then the service uses the same port number with TCP and UDP. If this is USER-DEFINED, the Port(s) is the IP protocol number, not the port number. Common Services The following table lists some commonly-used services and their associated protocols and port numbers. For a comprehensive list of port numbers, ICMP type/
code numbers and services, visit the IANA (Internet Assigned Number Authority) web site. Company Confidential The IPSEC AH (Authentication Header) tunneling protocol uses this service. AOLs Internet Messenger service. It is also used as a listening port by ICQ. Authentication protocol used by some servers. Border Gateway Protocol. DHCP Client. DHCP Server. A popular videoconferencing solution from White Pines Software. If the Protocol is TCP, UDP, or TCP/UDP, this is the IP port number. If the Protocol is USER, this is the IP protocol number. Table 95 Commonly Used Services NAME AH
(IPSEC_TUNNEL) Domain Name Server, a service that matches web names (for example www.zyxel.com) to IP numbers. Description: This is a brief explanation of the applications that use this service BGP BOOTP_CLIENT BOOTP_SERVER CU-SEEME PORT(S) DESCRIPTION 51 or the situations in which this service is used. further information about port numbers. PROTOCOL User-Defined 179 68 67 7648 TCP UDP UDP TCP UDP TCP/UDP 24032 53 AIM/New-ICQ AUTH 5190 DNS TCP TCP 113 NBG-419N Users Guide 281 Appendix ECommon Services 1 21 20 79 FTP 443 ICQ TCP TCP TCP TCP UDP ICMP HTTPS FINGER TCP TCP 1720 80 User-Defined H.323 HTTP PROTOCOL User-Defined PORT(S) DESCRIPTION 50 Table 95 Commonly Used Services (continued) NAME ESP
(IPSEC_TUNNEL) Company Confidential The IPSEC ESP (Encapsulation Security Protocol) tunneling protocol uses this service. Finger is a UNIX or Internet related command that can be used to find out if a user is logged on. File Transfer Program, a program to enable fast transfer of files, including large files that may not be possible by e-mail. NetMeeting uses this protocol. Hyper Text Transfer Protocol - a client/server protocol for the world wide web. HTTPS is a secured http session often used in e-commerce. Internet Control Message Protocol is often used for diagnostic or routing purposes. This is a popular Internet chat program. Internet Group Management Protocol is used when sending packets to a specific group of hosts. The Internet Key Exchange algorithm is used for key distribution and management. This is another popular Internet chat program. Microsoft Networks messenger service uses this protocol. An Internet chat program. A protocol for news groups. Network File System - NFS is a client/
server distributed file service that provides transparent file sharing for network environments. Network News Transport Protocol is the delivery mechanism for the USENET newsgroup service. Packet INternet Groper is a protocol that sends out ICMP echo requests to test whether or not a remote host is reachable. Post Office Protocol version 3 lets a client computer get e-mail from a POP3 server through a temporary connection (TCP/IP or other). NEW-ICQ NEWS NFS IGMP
(MULTICAST) 5190 144 2049 TCP TCP UDP MSN Messenger User-Defined User-Defined TCP/UDP NNTP POP3 PING 4000 6667 1863 UDP TCP TCP TCP 119 110 500 IRC IKE 1 2 282 NBG-419N Users Guide Appendix ECommon Services 47 TCP TCP 512 7070 User-Defined SFTP SMTP 514 513 107 554 PPTP_TUNNEL
(GRE) PROTOCOL TCP RCMD REAL_AUDIO TCP TCP TCP TCP/UDP REXEC RLOGIN RTELNET RTSP PORT(S) DESCRIPTION 1723 Table 95 Commonly Used Services (continued) NAME PPTP Company Confidential Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol enables secure transfer of data over public networks. This is the control channel. PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) enables secure transfer of data over public networks. This is the data channel. Remote Command Service. A streaming audio service that enables real time sound over the web. Remote Execution Daemon. Remote Login. Remote Telnet. The Real Time Streaming (media control) Protocol (RTSP) is a remote control for multimedia on the Internet. Simple File Transfer Protocol. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is the message-exchange standard for the Internet. SMTP enables you to move messages from one e-mail server to another. Simple Network Management Program. Traps for use with the SNMP
(RFC:1215). Structured Query Language is an interface to access data on many different types of database systems, including mainframes, midrange systems, UNIX systems and network servers. Secure Shell Remote Login Program. Stream Works Protocol. Syslog allows you to send system logs to a UNIX server. Login Host Protocol used for
(Terminal Access Controller Access Control System). Telnet is the login and terminal emulation protocol common on the Internet and in UNIX environments. It operates over TCP/IP networks. Its primary function is to allow users to log into remote host systems. SSH STRM WORKS SYSLOG TCP/UDP UDP UDP 22 1558 514 SNMP-TRAPS TCP TCP 115 25 SQL-NET TCP/UDP TCP/UDP TACACS TELNET SNMP 1521 UDP TCP TCP 161 162 49 23 NBG-419N Users Guide 283 Appendix ECommon Services TCP 7000 VDOLIVE PROTOCOL UDP PORT(S) DESCRIPTION 69 Table 95 Commonly Used Services (continued) NAME TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol is an Internet file transfer protocol similar to FTP, but uses the UDP (User Datagram Protocol) rather than TCP
(Transmission Control Protocol). Another videoconferencing solution. Company Confidential 284 NBG-419N Users Guide Copyright Copyright 2009 by ZyXEL Communications Corporation. Published by ZyXEL Communications Corporation. All rights reserved. APPENDIX F Legal Information The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any part or as a whole, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, translated into any language, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, photocopying, manual, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of ZyXEL Communications Corporation. Company Confidential ZyXEL does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any products, or software described herein. Neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the patent rights of others. ZyXEL further reserves the right to make changes in any products described herein without notice. This publication is subject to change without notice. This device has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This device generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy, and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause This device may not cause harmful interference. This device must accept any interference received, including interference that The device complies with Part 15 of FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Interference Statement Certifications may cause undesired operations. Disclaimer NBG-419N Users Guide 285 Appendix FLegal Information 2 receiver is connected. 1 Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver. harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. 4 Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. 3 Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the FCC Radiation Exposure Statement This transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any If this device does cause harmful interference to radio/television reception, which can be determined by turning the device off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
Company Confidential distance of at least 20 cm must be maintained between the antenna of this device and all persons. Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment. IEEE 802.11b or 802.11g operation of this product in the U.S.A. is firmware-
To comply with FCC RF exposure compliance requirements, a separation limited to channels 1 through 11. other antenna or transmitter. Notices 286 NBG-419N Users Guide Appendix FLegal Information 2 1 this device may not cause interference and Industry Canada Statement This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003. This device has been designed for the WLAN 2.4 GHz network throughout the EC region and Switzerland, with restrictions in France. Cet appareil numrique de la classe B est conforme la norme NMB-003 du Canada. Antenna having a higher gain is strictly prohibited per regulations of Industry Canada. The required antenna impedance is 50 ohms. This device has been designed to operate with an antenna having a maximum gain of 2dBi. This device complies with RSS-210 of the Industry Canada Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
this device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device Company Confidential This equipment complies with IC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment. This equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance 20cm between the radiator & your body. To reduce potential radio interference to other users, the antenna type and its gain should be so chosen that the EIRP is not more than required for successful communication. 2 Select your product on the ZyXEL home page to go to that product's page. 3 Select the certification you wish to view from this page. IC Radiation Exposure Statement:
1 Go to http://www.zyxel.com. Viewing Certifications IMPORTANT NOTE:
NBG-419N Users Guide 287 Appendix FLegal Information ZyXEL Limited Warranty Note Repair or replacement, as provided under this warranty, is the exclusive remedy of the purchaser. This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, express or implied, including any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular use or purpose. ZyXEL shall in no event be held liable for indirect or consequential damages of any kind to the purchaser. ZyXEL warrants to the original end user (purchaser) that this product is free from any defects in materials or workmanship for a period of up to two years from the date of purchase. During the warranty period, and upon proof of purchase, should the product have indications of failure due to faulty workmanship and/or materials, ZyXEL will, at its discretion, repair or replace the defective products or components without charge for either parts or labor, and to whatever extent it shall deem necessary to restore the product or components to proper operating condition. Any replacement will consist of a new or re-manufactured functionally equivalent product of equal or higher value, and will be solely at the discretion of ZyXEL. This warranty shall not apply if the product has been modified, misused, tampered with, damaged by an act of God, or subjected to abnormal working conditions. Company Confidential WARNING: ZyXEL Communications Corp. IS WILLING TO LICENSE THE ENCLOSED SOFTWARE TO YOU ONLY UPON THE CONDITION THAT YOU ACCEPT ALL OF THE TERMS CONTAINED IN THIS LICENSE AGREEMENT. PLEASE READ THE TERMS CAREFULLY BEFORE COMPLETING THE INSTALLATION PROCESS AS INSTALLING THE SOFTWARE WILL INDICATE YOUR ASSENT TO THEM. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO THESE TERMS, THEN ZyXEL, INC. IS UNWILLING TO LICENSE THE SOFTWARE TO YOU, IN WHICH EVENT YOU SHOULD RETURN THE UNINSTALLED SOFTWARE AND PACKAGING TO THE PLACE FROM WHICH IT WAS ACQUIRED, AND YOUR MONEY WILL BE REFUNDED. To obtain the services of this warranty, contact your vendor. You may also refer to the warranty policy for the region in which you bought the device at http://
www.zyxel.com/web/support_warranty_info.php. Register your product online to receive e-mail notices of firmware upgrades and information at www.zyxel.com for global products, or at www.us.zyxel.com for North American products. End-User License Agreement for "NBG-419N"
Registration 288 NBG-419N Users Guide Appendix FLegal Information 1 Grant of License for Personal Use 3 Copyright 2 Ownership You have no ownership rights in the Software. Rather, you have a license to use the Software as long as this License Agreement remains in full force and effect. Ownership of the Software, Documentation and all intellectual property rights therein shall remain at all times with ZyXEL. Any other use of the Software by any other entity is strictly forbidden and is a violation of this License Agreement. ZyXEL Communications Corp. ("ZyXEL") grants you a non-exclusive, non-
sublicense, non-transferable license to use the program with which this license is distributed (the "Software"), including any documentation files accompanying the Software ("Documentation"), for internal business use only, for up to the number of users specified in sales order and invoice. You have the right to make one backup copy of the Software and Documentation solely for archival, back-up or disaster recovery purposes. You shall not exceed the scope of the license granted hereunder. Any rights not expressly granted by ZyXEL to you are reserved by ZyXEL, and all implied licenses are disclaimed. Company Confidential You may not publish, display, disclose, sell, rent, lease, modify, store, loan, distribute, or create derivative works of the Software, or any part thereof. You may not assign, sublicense, convey or otherwise transfer, pledge as security or otherwise encumber the rights and licenses granted hereunder with respect to the Software. Certain components of the Software, and third party open source programs included with the Software, have been or may be made available by ZyXEL on its Open Source web site (ftp://opensource.zyxel.com) (collectively the
"Open-Sourced Components") You may modify or replace only these Open-
Sourced Components; provided that you comply with the terms of this License and any applicable licensing terms governing use of the Open-Sourced Components. ZyXEL is not obligated to provide any maintenance, technical or other support for the resultant modified Software. You may not copy, reverse engineer, decompile, reverse compile, translate, adapt, or disassemble the Software, or any part thereof, nor shall you attempt to create the source code from the object code for the Software. Except as and only to the extent expressly permitted in this License, by applicable licensing terms governing use of the Open-
Sourced Components, or by applicable law, you may not market, co-brand, The Software and Documentation contain material that is protected by United States Copyright Law and trade secret law, and by international treaty provisions. All rights not granted to you herein are expressly reserved by ZyXEL. You may not remove any proprietary notice of ZyXEL or any of its licensors from any copy of the Software or Documentation. 4 Restrictions NBG-419N Users Guide 289 Appendix FLegal Information 5 Confidentiality You acknowledge that the Software contains proprietary trade secrets of ZyXEL and you hereby agree to maintain the confidentiality of the Software using at least as great a degree of care as you use to maintain the confidentiality of your own most confidential information. You agree to reasonably communicate the terms and conditions of this License Agreement to those persons employed by you who come into contact with the Software, and to use reasonable best efforts to ensure their compliance with such terms and conditions, including, without limitation, not knowingly permitting such persons to use any portion of the Software for the purpose of deriving the source code of the Software. private label or otherwise permit third parties to link to the Software, or any part thereof. You may not use the Software, or any part thereof, in the operation of a service bureau or for the benefit of any other person or entity. You may not cause, assist or permit any third party to do any of the foregoing. Portions of the Software utilize or include third party software and other copyright material. Acknowledgements, licensing terms and disclaimers for such material are contained in the online electronic documentation for the Software (ftp://
opensource.zyxel.com), and your use of such material is governed by their respective terms. ZyXEL has provided, as part of the Software package, access to certain third party software as a convenience. To the extent that the Software contains third party software, ZyXEL has no express or implied obligation to provide any technical or other support for such software. Please contact the appropriate software vendor or manufacturer directly for technical support and customer service related to its software and products. Company Confidential THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS." TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, ZyXEL DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. ZyXEL DOES NOT WARRANT THAT THE FUNCTIONS CONTAINED IN THE SOFTWARE WILL MEET ANY REQUIREMENTS OR NEEDS YOU MAY HAVE, OR THAT THE SOFTWARE WILL OPERATE ERROR FREE, OR IN AN UNINTERUPTED FASHION, OR THAT ANY DEFECTS OR ERRORS IN THE SOFTWARE WILL BE CORRECTED, OR THAT THE SOFTWARE IS COMPATIBLE WITH ANY PARTICULAR PLATFORM. SOME JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE WAIVER OR EXCLUSION OF IMPLIED WARRANTIES SO THEY MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. IF THIS EXCLUSION IS HELD TO BE UNENFORCEABLE BY A COURT OF COMPETENT JURISDICTION, THEN ALL EXPRESS AND IMPLIED WARRANTIES SHALL BE LIMITED IN DURATION TO A PERIOD OF THIRTY (30) DAYS FROM THE DATE OF PURCHASE OF THE SOFTWARE, AND NO WARRANTIES SHALL APPLY AFTER THAT PERIOD. Limitation of Liability 6 No Warranty 7 290 NBG-419N Users Guide Appendix FLegal Information 8 Export Restrictions IN NO EVENT WILL ZyXEL BE LIABLE TO YOU OR ANY THIRD PARTY FOR ANY INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, PUNITIVE, OR EXEMPLARY DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS, LOSS OF PROFITS, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, OR LOSS OF BUSINESS INFORMATION) ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM, OR FOR ANY CLAIM BY ANY OTHER PARTY, EVEN IF ZyXEL HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. ZyXEL's AGGREGATE LIABILITY WITH RESPECT TO ITS OBLIGATIONS UNDER THIS AGREEMENT OR OTHERWISE WITH RESPECT TO THE SOFTWARE AND DOCUMENTATION OR OTHERWISE SHALL BE EQUAL TO THE PURCHASE PRICE, BUT SHALL IN NO EVENT EXCEED THE PRODUCTS PRICE. BECAUSE SOME STATES/COUNTRIES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF LIABILITY FOR CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, THE ABOVE LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. Company Confidential THIS LICENSE AGREEMENT IS EXPRESSLY MADE SUBJECT TO ANY APPLICABLE LAWS, REGULATIONS, ORDERS, OR OTHER RESTRICTIONS ON THE EXPORT OF THE SOFTWARE OR INFORMATION ABOUT SUCH SOFTWARE WHICH MAY BE IMPOSED FROM TIME TO TIME. YOU SHALL NOT EXPORT THE SOFTWARE, DOCUMENTATION OR INFORMATION ABOUT THE SOFTWARE AND DOCUMENTATION WITHOUT COMPLYING WITH SUCH LAWS, REGULATIONS, ORDERS, OR OTHER RESTRICTIONS. YOU AGREE TO INDEMNIFY ZyXEL AGAINST ALL CLAIMS, LOSSES, DAMAGES, LIABILITIES, COSTS AND EXPENSES, INCLUDING REASONABLE ATTORNEYS' FEES, TO THE EXTENT SUCH CLAIMS ARISE OUT OF ANY BREACH OF THIS SECTION 8. This License Agreement is effective until it is terminated. You may terminate this License Agreement at any time by destroying or returning to ZyXEL all copies of the Software and Documentation in your possession or under your control. ZyXEL may terminate this License Agreement for any reason, including, but not limited to, if ZyXEL finds that you have violated any of the terms of this License Agreement. Upon notification of termination, you agree to destroy or return to ZyXEL all copies of the Software and Documentation and to certify in writing that all known copies, including backup copies, have been destroyed. All provisions relating to confidentiality, proprietary rights, and non-disclosure shall survive the termination of this Software License Agreement. ZyXEL SHALL HAVE THE RIGHT, AT ITS OWN EXPENSE, UPON REASONABLE PRIOR NOTICE, TO PERIODICALLY INSPECT AND AUDIT YOUR RECORDS TO ENSURE YOUR COMPLIANCE WITH THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THIS LICENSE AGREEMENT. 9 Audit Rights 10 Termination NBG-419N Users Guide 291 Appendix FLegal Information 11 General Note: NOTE: Some components of the Vantage CNM 2.3 incorporate source code covered under the Apache License, GPL License, LGPL License, Sun License, and Castor License. To obtain the source code covered under those Licenses, please check ftp://opensource.zyxel.com to get it. This License Agreement shall be construed, interpreted and governed by the laws of Republic of China without regard to conflicts of laws provisions thereof. The exclusive forum for any disputes arising out of or relating to this License Agreement shall be an appropriate court or Commercial Arbitration Association sitting in ROC, Taiwan. This License Agreement shall constitute the entire Agreement between the parties hereto. This License Agreement, the rights granted hereunder, the Software and Documentation shall not be assigned by you without the prior written consent of ZyXEL. Any waiver or modification of this License Agreement shall only be effective if it is in writing and signed by both parties hereto. If any part of this License Agreement is found invalid or unenforceable by a court of competent jurisdiction, the remainder of this License Agreement shall be interpreted so as to reasonably effect the intention of the parties. Company Confidential 292 NBG-419N Users Guide Index Index D A B content filtering 167 menu 76 status screen 74, 81 Daylight saving 202 DDNS 151 AP+Bridge 21 Auto-bridge 132, 133 by keyword (in URL) 168 by web feature 167 Cookies 169 copyright 285 CPU usage 66, 75, 83 CTS (Clear to Send) 272 ActiveX 169 Address Assignment 120 Alert 199 alternative subnet mask notation 244 AP 21 AP (Access Point) 271 AP Mode Company Confidential DHCP client information DHCP status Dimensions 225 disclaimer 285 DNS 141 DNS Server 120 DNS server 141 Domain Name System 141 Domain Name System. See DNS. duplex setting 66, 76, 83 Dynamic DNS 151 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol 139 Dynamic WEP Key Exchange 276 DynDNS 152 DynDNS see also DDNS 152 overview 173 priority 176 services 181 BitTorrent 181 Bridge/Repeater 21 bridged APs, security 102 BSS 269 DHCP server see also Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol CA 276 Certificate Authority 276 certifications 285 DHCP server 136, 139 DHCP table 44 see also Dynamic DNS service providers 152 Channel 65, 75, 271 Interference 271 notices 286 viewing 287 Bandwidth management DHCP 44, 139 C channel 100 Configuration restore 208 NBG-419N Users Guide 293 Index E IGMP 121 J F See IANA Java 169 file extension using HTTP key 102 WPA compatible 102 ICMP packets 163 Firmware upload 205 see also Internet Group Multicast Protocol version EAP Authentication 275 Encryption 277 encryption 101 ESS 270 ESSID 222 Extended Service Set 270 FCC interference statement 285 File Transfer Program 181 Firewall IGMP version 121 Independent Basic Service Set 269 Internet Assigned Numbers Authority Internet Group Multicast Protocol 121 IP Address 137, 138, 144, 145 IP alias 137 IP Pool 140 Company Confidential LAN overview 135 LAN setup 135 LAN TCP/IP 136 Language 211 Link type 66, 75, 83 Local Area Network 135 Log 200 firmware version 65, 74, 82 Fragmentation Threshold 273 FTP. see also File Transfer Program 181 Hidden Node 271 HTTP 181 Hyper Text Transfer Protocol 181 MAC address filter 101 MAC address filtering 109 MAC filter 109 managing the device good habits 22 using the web configurator. See web MAC 109 MAC address 101, 121 General wireless LAN screen 103 IP pool setup 136 cloning 121 configurator. LAN 135 M G H L I IANA 250 IBSS 269 IEEE 802.11g 273 using the wireless switch. 294 NBG-419N Users Guide Index using the WPS. See WPS. Q R N O product 288 RADIUS 274 NAT 143, 144, 249 Shared Secret Key 275 Quality of Service (QoS) 111 related documentation 3 Remote management and NAT 184 limitations 183 system timeout 184 RADIUS Message Types 275 RADIUS Messages 275 registration how it works 143 overview 143 see also Network Address Translation MBSSID 21 Media access control 109 Memory usage 66, 75, 83 mode 21 Multicast 121 IGMP 121 NAT Traversal 187 Navigation Panel 67, 76 navigation panel 67, 76 Network Address Translation 143, 144 Company Confidential P2P 181 peer-to-peer 181 Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet 124 Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol 126 Pool Size 140 Port forwarding 145 default server 145 local server 145 safety warnings 7 Scheduling 114 Security Parameters 280 Service and port numbers 165, 180 Service Set 59, 103 Service Set IDentification 59, 103 Service Set IDentity. See SSID. Session Initiated Protocol 181 SIP 181 SSID 59, 65, 75, 82, 100, 103 Static DHCP 140 Static Route 153 Status 64 Reset button 41 Reset the device 41 Restore configuration 208 RF (Radio Frequency) 226 RIP 157 Roaming 110 RTS (Request To Send) 272 RTS Threshold 271, 272 RTS/CTS Threshold 100, 110 PPTP 126 Preamble Mode 273 product registration 288 port speed 66, 76, 83 Power Specification 225 PPPoE 124 Operating Channel 65, 75 operating mode 21 dial-up connection P S NBG-419N Users Guide 295 Index T W note 288 Web Configurator subnet 241 Subnet Mask 137, 138 subnet mask 242 subnetting 245 Summary how to access 37 Overview 37 DHCP table 44 Packet statistics 45 Wireless station status 46 WAN (Wide Area Network) 119 WAN advanced 132 WAN MAC address 121 warranty 288 syntax conventions 5 Sys Op Mode 213 System General Setup 197 System Name 198 System restart 211 TCP/IP configuration 139 Temperature 225 Time setting 201 trigger port 147 Trigger port forwarding 147 web configurator 22 Web Proxy 169 WEP Encryption 86, 106, 108 WEP encryption 105 WEP key 105 Wireless association list 46 wireless channel 222 wireless LAN 222 wireless LAN scheduling 114 Wireless network Company Confidential basic guidelines 100 channel 100 encryption 101 example 99 MAC address filter 101 overview 99 security 100 SSID 100 UPnP 187 URL Keyword Blocking 169 Use Authentication 278 User Name 152 World Wide Web 181 WPA compatible 102 WPA, WPA2 277 WPS 22 WWW 181 wireless security 222 wireless switch 22 Wireless tutorial 89 Interference 271 Security Parameters 280 Application 188 Security issues 188 Wizard setup 25 WLAN Universal Plug and Play 187 overview 100 type 100 example 149 process 149 Wireless security 100 VoIP 181 VPN 126 WPS 89 U V 296 NBG-419N Users Guide Index X Xbox Live 181 Company Confidential NBG-419N Users Guide 297 Index Company Confidential 298 NBG-419N Users Guide
frequency | equipment class | purpose | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2009-10-08 | 2412 ~ 2462 | DTS - Digital Transmission System | Original Equipment |
app s | Applicant Information | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Effective |
2009-10-08
|
||||
1 | Applicant's complete, legal business name |
ZyXEL Communications Corporation
|
||||
1 | FCC Registration Number (FRN) |
0021059092
|
||||
1 | Physical Address |
No.2, Industry East Road IX, Science Park
|
||||
1 |
Hsinchu, N/A
|
|||||
1 |
Taiwan
|
|||||
app s | TCB Information | |||||
1 | TCB Application Email Address |
c******@curtis-straus.com
|
||||
1 | TCB Scope |
A4: UNII devices & low power transmitters using spread spectrum techniques
|
||||
app s | FCC ID | |||||
1 | Grantee Code |
I88
|
||||
1 | Equipment Product Code |
NBG419N
|
||||
app s | Person at the applicant's address to receive grant or for contact | |||||
1 | Name |
E******** B****
|
||||
1 | Title |
Section Manager
|
||||
1 | Telephone Number |
886 3******** Extension:
|
||||
1 | Fax Number |
886 3********
|
||||
1 |
E******@zyxel.com.tw
|
|||||
app s | Technical Contact | |||||
1 | Firm Name |
Bureau Veritas CPS (H.K.) Ltd. Taoyuan Branch
|
||||
1 | Name |
E****** L****
|
||||
1 | Physical Address |
81-1 Luliaoken, 9th Lin, Wulung Tsuen Chiunglin
|
||||
1 |
Hsinchu, 307
|
|||||
1 |
Taiwan
|
|||||
1 | Telephone Number |
886-3******** Extension:
|
||||
1 | Fax Number |
886-3********
|
||||
1 |
e******@adt.com.tw
|
|||||
app s | Non Technical Contact | |||||
1 | Firm Name |
Bureau Veritas CPS (H.K.) Ltd. Taoyuan Branch
|
||||
1 | Name |
E****** L****
|
||||
1 | Physical Address |
81-1 Luliaoken, 9th Lin, Wulung Tsuen Chiunglin
|
||||
1 |
Hsinchu, 307
|
|||||
1 |
Taiwan
|
|||||
1 | Telephone Number |
886-3******** Extension:
|
||||
1 | Fax Number |
886-3********
|
||||
1 |
e******@adt.com.tw
|
|||||
app s | Confidentiality (long or short term) | |||||
1 | Does this application include a request for confidentiality for any portion(s) of the data contained in this application pursuant to 47 CFR § 0.459 of the Commission Rules?: | Yes | ||||
1 | Long-Term Confidentiality Does this application include a request for confidentiality for any portion(s) of the data contained in this application pursuant to 47 CFR § 0.459 of the Commission Rules?: | No | ||||
if no date is supplied, the release date will be set to 45 calendar days past the date of grant. | ||||||
app s | Cognitive Radio & Software Defined Radio, Class, etc | |||||
1 | Is this application for software defined/cognitive radio authorization? | No | ||||
1 | Equipment Class | DTS - Digital Transmission System | ||||
1 | Description of product as it is marketed: (NOTE: This text will appear below the equipment class on the grant) | Wireless N Home Router, Wireless N Access Point | ||||
1 | Related OET KnowledgeDataBase Inquiry: Is there a KDB inquiry associated with this application? | No | ||||
1 | Modular Equipment Type | Does not apply | ||||
1 | Purpose / Application is for | Original Equipment | ||||
1 | Composite Equipment: Is the equipment in this application a composite device subject to an additional equipment authorization? | No | ||||
1 | Related Equipment: Is the equipment in this application part of a system that operates with, or is marketed with, another device that requires an equipment authorization? | No | ||||
1 | Grant Comments | Power listed is the maximum combined conducted output power. Device is a draft 802.11bgn access point (AP) operating in a 2x2 Spatial Multiplexing MIMO configuration as described in this filing. End-users and responsible parties must be provided with operating and installation instructions to ensure RF exposure compliance. The antenna(s) used for this transmitter must be installed to provide a separation distance of at least 20 cm from all persons and must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. | ||||
1 | Is there an equipment authorization waiver associated with this application? | No | ||||
1 | If there is an equipment authorization waiver associated with this application, has the associated waiver been approved and all information uploaded? | No | ||||
app s | Test Firm Name and Contact Information | |||||
1 | Firm Name |
Bureau Veritas CPS (H.K.) Ltd. Taoyuan Branch
|
||||
1 | Name |
R**** C******
|
||||
1 | Telephone Number |
886-2********
|
||||
1 | Fax Number |
886-2********
|
||||
1 |
r******@tw.bureauveritas.com
|
|||||
Equipment Specifications | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Line | Rule Parts | Grant Notes | Lower Frequency | Upper Frequency | Power Output | Tolerance | Emission Designator | Microprocessor Number | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1 | 1 | 15C | MO | 2412.00000000 | 2462.00000000 | 0.6160000 |
some individual PII (Personally Identifiable Information) available on the public forms may be redacted, original source may include additional details
This product uses the FCC Data API but is not endorsed or certified by the FCC