FCC ID: NDD9562250817 150N Wireless LAN Broadband Router

 

150N Wireless LAN Broadband Router Users Manual Version: 1.0

(November, 2008) COPYRIGHT Copyright 2008/2009 by this company. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language or computer language, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, manual or otherwise, without the prior written permission of this company This company makes no representations or warranties, either expressed or implied, with respect to the contents hereof and specifically disclaims any warranties, merchantability or fitness for any particular purpose. Any software described in this manual is sold or licensed "as is". Should the programs prove defective following their purchase, the buyer (and not this company, its distributor, or its dealer) assumes the entire cost of all necessary servicing, repair, and any incidental or consequential damages resulting from any defect in the software. Further, this company reserves the right to revise this publication and to make changes from time to time in the contents thereof without obligation to notify any person of such revision or changes. Federal Communication Commission Interference Statement FCC Part 15 This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

1. Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. 2. Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver. 3. Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. 4. Consult the dealer or an experienced radio technician for help. FCC Caution This equipment must be installed and operated in accordance with provided instructions and a minimum 20 cm spacing must be provided between computer mounted antenna and persons body (excluding extremities of hands, wrist and feet) during wireless modes of operation. This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the authority to operate equipment. Federal Communication Commission (FCC) Radiation Exposure Statement This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure set forth for an uncontrolled environment. In order to avoid the possibility of exceeding the FCC radio frequency exposure limits, human proximity to the antenna shall not be less than 20cm (8 inches) during normal operation. The antenna(s) used for this transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. The equipment version marketed in US is restricted to usage of the channels 1-11 only. R&TTE Compliance Statement This equipment complies with all the requirements of DIRECTIVE 1999/5/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL of March 9, 1999 on radio equipment and telecommunication terminal Equipment and the mutual recognition of their conformity (R&TTE). The R&TTE Directive repeals and replaces in the directive 98/13/EEC

(Telecommunications Terminal Equipment and Satellite Earth Station Equipment) As of April 8, 2000. Safety This equipment is designed with the utmost care for the safety of those who install and use it. However, special attention must be paid to the dangers of electric shock and static electricity when working with electrical equipment. All guidelines of this and of the computer manufacture must therefore be allowed at all times to ensure the safe use of the equipment. EU Countries Intended for Use The ETSI version of this device is intended for home and office use in Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. The ETSI version of this device is also authorized for use in EFTA member states:

Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and Switzerland. EU Countries Not intended for use None. CATALOG CHAPTER I: PRODUCT INFORMATION 1-1 Introduction and safety information 1-2 Safety Information 1-3 System Requirements 1-4 Package Contents 1-5 Familiar with your new wireless broadband router CHAPTER II: SYSTEM AND NETWORK SETUP 2-2-1 Windows 95/98/Me IP address setup 2-2-2 Windows 2000 IP address setup 2-2-3 Windows XP IP address setup 2-2-4 Windows Vista IP address setup 2-2-5 Router IP address lookup 2-1 Build network connection 2-2 Connecting to wireless broadband router by web browser 2-3 Using Quick Setup 2-4 Basic Setup 2-3-1 Setup procedure for Cable Modem 2-3-2 Setup procedure for Fixed-IP xDSL 2-3-3 Setup procedure for PPPoE xDSL 2-3-4 Setup procedure for PPTP xDSL 2-3-5 Setup procedure for L2TP xDSL 2-3-6 Setup procedure for Telstra Big Pond 2-4-1 Time zone and time auto-synchronization 2-4-2 Change management password 2-4-3 Remote Management 2-6-1 LAN IP section 2-6-2 DHCP Server 2-6-3 Static DHCP Leases Table 2-5 Setup Internet Connection (WAN Setup) 2-5-1 Setup procedure for Dynamic IP 2-5-2 Setup procedure for Static IP 2-5-3 Setup procedure for PPPoE 2-5-4 Setup procedure for PPTP 2-5-5 Setup procedure for L2TP 2-5-6 Setup procedure for Telstra Big Pond 2-5-7 Setup procedure for DNS 2-5-8 Setup procedure for DDNS 2-6 Wired LAN Configuration 2-7 Wireless LAN Configuration 2-7-1 Basic Wireless Settings 2-7-2 Advanced Wireless Settings 2-7-3 Wireless Security 2-7-4 Wireless Access Control 2-7-5 Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS) 2-7-6 Security Tips for Wireless Network 2-7-3-1 Disable wireless security 2-7-3-2 WEP - Wired Equivalent Privacy 2-7-3-3 Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) 2-7-3-4 WPA RADIUS 2-7-1-1 Setup procedure for AP'

2-7-1-2 Setup procedure for Station-Infrastructure'

2-7-1-3 Setup procedure for AP Bridge - Point to Point 2-7-1-4 Setup procedure for AP Bridge - Point to Multi Point 2-7-1-5 Setup procedure for AP Bridge - WDS 2-7-1-6 Setup procedure for Universal Repeater'

CHAPTER III: ADVANCED FUNCTIONS 3-2-1 Basic NAT Settings (Enable or disable NAT function) 3-2-2 Port Forwarding 3-2-3 Virtual Server 3-2-4 Port Mapping for Special Applications 3-2-5 UPnP Setting 3-2-6 ALG Settings 3-3-1 Access Control 3-3-1-1 Add PC 3-3-2 URL Blocking 3-3-3 DoS Attack Prevention 3-3-4 Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) 3-1 Quality of Service (QoS) 3-1-1 Basic QoS Settings 3-1-2 Add a new QoS rule 3-2 Network Address Translation (NAT) 3-3 Firewall 3-4 System Status 3-5 Configuration Backup and Restore 3-6 Firmware Upgrade 3-7 System Reset 3-3-3-1 DoS - Advanced Settings 3-4-1 System information and firmware version 3-4-2 Internet Connection Status 3-4-3 Device Status 3-4-4 System Log 3-4-5 Active DHCP client list 3-4-6 Statistics CHAPTER IV: APPENDIX 4-1 Hardware Specification 4-2 Troubleshooting 4-3 Glossary Chapter I: Product Information 1-1 Introduction and safety information Thank you for purchasing this wireless broadband router! This high cost-efficiency router is the best choice for Small office / Home office users, all computers and network devices can share a single xDSL / cable modem internet connection at high speed. Easy install procedures allows any computer users to setup a network environment in very short time -

within minutes, even inexperienced. When the number of your computers and network-enabled devices grow, you can also expand the number of network slot by simple attach a hub or switch, to extend the scope of your network!

All computers and IEEE 802.11b/g/Draft-N wireless-enabled network devices (including PDA, cellular phone, game console, and more!) can connect to this wireless router without additional cabling. With a compatible wireless card installed in your PC, you can transfer file for up to 150Mbps (transfer data rate). Other features of this router including:

High Internet Access throughput Allow multiple users to share a single Internet line Supports up to 253 users Share a single Cable or xDSL internet connection Access private LAN servers from the internet Four wired LAN ports (10/100M) and one WAN port (10/100M) Work with IEEE 802.11b/g/Draft-N wireless LAN devices Support DHCP (Server/Client) for easy IP-address setup Support multiple wireless modes like: AP, Station-Infrastructure, Wireless Bridge and Universal Repeater. Advanced network and security features like: Special Applications, QoS, DMZ, Virtual Servers, Access Control, Firewall. Allow you to monitor the routers status like: DHCP Client Log, System Log, Security Log and Device/Connection Status 1 Easy to use Web-based GUI for network configuration and management purposes Remote management function allows configuration and upgrades from a remote computer (over the Internet) Auto MDI / MDI-X function for all wired Ethernet ports. 2 1-2 Safety Information In order to keep the safety of users and your properties, please follow the following safety instructions:

1. This router is designed for indoor use only; DO NOT place this router outdoor. 2. DO NOT put this router at or near hot or humid places, like kitchen or bathroom. Also, do not left this router in the car in summer. 3. DO NOT pull any connected cable with force; disconnect it from the router first. 4. If you want to place this router at high places or hang on the wall, please make sure the router is firmly secured. Falling from high places would damage the router and its accessories, and warranty will be void. 5. Accessories of this router, like antenna and power supply, are danger to small children under 3 years old. They may put the small parts in their nose or month and it could cause serious damage to them. KEEP THIS ROUTER OUT THE REACH OF CHILDREN!

6. The router will become hot when being used for long time (This is normal and is not a malfunction). DO NOT put this router on paper, cloth, or other flammable materials. 7. Theres no user-serviceable part inside the router. If you found that the router is not working properly, please contact your dealer of purchase and ask for help. DO NOT disassemble the router, warranty will be void. 8. If the router falls into water when its powered, DO NOT use your hand to pick it up. Switch the electrical power off before you do anything, or contact an experienced technician for help. 9. If you smell something strange, or even see some smoke coming out from the router or power supply, remove the power supply or switch the electrical power off immediately, and call dealer of purchase for help. 3 1-3 System Requirements

Internet connection, provided by xDSL or cable modem with a RJ-45 Ethernet port.

Computer or network devices with wired or wireless network interface card.

Web browser (Microsoft Internet Explorer 4.0 or above, Netscape Navigator 4.7 or above, Opera web browser, or Safari web browser).

An available AC power socket (100 240V, 50/60Hz) 4 1-4 Package Contents Before you starting to use this router, please check if theres anything missing in the package, and contact your dealer of purchase to claim for missing items:

Broadband router (main body, 1 pcs) 1 Quick installation guide (1 pcs) 2 User manual CDROM (1 pcs) .. 3 A/C power adapter (1 pcs) ..... 4 5 1-5 Familiar with your new wireless broadband router Front Panel LED Name Light Status Description PWR On On Off Flashing On Off Flashing On Off Flashing Router is switched on and correctly powered. Wireless WPS function is enabled. Wireless network is switched off. Wireless LAN activity (transferring or receiving data). WAN port is connected. WAN port is not connected. WAN activity (transferring or receiving data). LAN port is connected. LAN port is not connected. LAN activity (transferring or receiving data). WLAN WAN LNK/ACT LAN 1-4 LNK/ACT 6 Back Panel Item Name Antenna Radio ON/OFF Switch the button to activate or deactivate the wireless functions. Reset / WPS Description It is 3dBi dipole antenna. Reset the router to factory default settings (clear all settings) or start WPS function. Press this button and hold for 10 seconds to restore all settings to factory defaults, and press this button for less than 5 seconds to start WPS function. Local Area Network (LAN) ports 1 to 4. Wide Area Network (WAN / Internet) port. Power connector, connects to A/C power adapter. 1 - 4 WAN Power 7 Chapter II: System and Network Setup 2-1 Build network connection Please follow the following instruction to build the network connection between your new WIRELESS router and your computers, network devices:

1. Connect your xDSL / cable modem to the WAN port of router by Ethernet cable. 2. Connect all your computers, network devices (network-enabled consumer devices other than computers, like game console, or switch /

hub) to the LAN port of the router. 8 3. Connect the A/C power adapter to the wall socket, and then connect it to the Power socket of the router. 4. Please check all LEDs on the front panel. PWR LED should be steadily on, WAN and LAN LEDs should be on if the computer /

network device connected to the respective port of the router is powered on and correctly connected. If PWD LED is not on, or any LED you expected is not on, please recheck the cabling, or jump to 4-2 Troubleshooting for possible reasons and solution. 9 Before you can connect to the router and start configuration 2-2 Connecting to wireless broadband router by web browser After the network connection is built, the next step you should do is setup the router with proper network parameters, so it can work properly in your network environment. procedures, your computer must be able to get an IP address automatically (use dynamic IP address). If its set to use static IP address, or youre unsure, please follow the following instructions to configure your computer to use dynamic IP address:

If the operating system of your computer is. 2-2-1 Windows 95/98/Me IP address setup:

1. Click Start button (it should be located at lower-left corner of your computer), then click control panel. Double-click Network icon, and Network window will appear. Select TCP/IP, then click Properties.

- please go to section 2-2-1

- please go to section 2-2-2

- please go to section 2-2-3

- please go to section 2-2-4 Windows 95/98/Me Windows 2000 Windows XP Windows Vista 10 2. Select Obtain an IP address from a DHCP server and then click OK. 11 2-2-2Windows 2000 IP address setup:

1. Click Start button (it should be located at lower-left corner of your computer), then click control panel. Double-click Network and Dial-up Connections icon; click Local Area Connection, and Local Area Connection Properties window will appear. Select Internet Protocol

(TCP/IP) and then click Properties 12 2. Select Obtain an IP address automatically and Obtain DNS server address automatically, then click OK. 13 2-2-3Windows XP IP address setup:

1. Click Start button (it should be located at lower-left corner of your computer), then click control panel. Double-click Network and Internet Connections icon, click Network Connections, then double-click Local Area Connection, Local Area Connection Status window will appear, and then click Properties 14 2. Select Obtain an IP address automatically and Obtain DNS server address automatically, then click OK. 15 2-2-4Windows Vista IP address setup:

1. Click Start button (it should be located at lower-left corner of your computer), then click control panel. Click View Network Status and Tasks, and then click Manage Network Connections. Right-click Local Area Network, then select Properties. Local Area Connection Properties window will appear, select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP /

IPv4), and then click Properties 16 2. Select Obtain an IP address automatically and Obtain DNS server address automatically, then click OK. 17 18 2-2-5 Router IP address lookup After the IP address setup is complete, please click start -> run at the bottom-lower corner of your desktop:

Input cmd, then click OK 19 Input ipconfig, then press Enter key. Please check the IP address followed by Default Gateway (In this example, the IP address of router is 192.168.2.1, please note that this value may be different.) NOTE: If the IP address of Gateway is not displayed, or the address followed by IP Address begins with 169, please recheck network connection between your computer and router, and / or go to the beginning of this chapter, to recheck every step of network setup procedure. 3. Connect the routers management interface by web browser After your computer obtained an IP address from router, please start your web browser, and input the IP address of router in address bar. The following message should be shown:

20 Please input user name and password in the field respectively, default user name is admin, and default password is 1234, then press OK button, and you can see the web management interface of this router:

NOTE: If you cant see the web management interface, and youre being prompted to input user name and password again, it means you didnt input username and password correctly. Please retype user name and password again. If youre certain about the user name and password you type are correct, please go to 4-2 Troubleshooting to perform a factory reset, to set the password back to default value. TIP: This page shows the four major setting categories: QuickSetup, General Setup, Status, and Tools. You can find the shortcut which leads to these setting categories at the upper-right corner of every page, and you can jump to another category directly by clicking the link, and dont have to go back to the first page. 21 2-3 Using Quick Setup This router provides a Quick Setup procedure, which will help you to complete all required settings you need to access the Internet in very short time. Please follow the following instructions to complete the Quick Setup:

Please go to QuickSetup menu by clicking QuickSetup button. HERE!

22 And the following message will be displayed:

1. Set Time Zone 1 2 3 4 Here are descriptions of every setup items:

Set Time Zone (1):

Time Server Address (2):

Daylight Savings(3):

button, a drop-down list Please press will be shown, and you can choose a time zone of the location you live. Input the IP address / host name of time server here If the country you live uses daylight saving, please check Enable Function box, and choose the duration of daylight saving. 129.6.15.28 (time-a.nist.gov) 132.163.4.101 (time-a.timefreq.bldrdoc.gov) NOTE: There are several time servers available on internet:

After you finish with all settings, please click Apply (4) button. 131.107.1.10 (time-nw.nist.gov) If you found that the time of router is incorrect, try another time server. 23 2. Broadband Type Please choose the broadband (Internet connection) type youre using in this page. There are six types of Internet connection, they are:

Cable Modem Fixed-IP xDSL PPPoE xDSL PPTP xDSL L2TP xDSL Telstra Big Pond

- Please go to section 2-3-1

- Please go to section 2-3-2

- Please go to section 2-3-3

- Please go to section 2-3-4

- Please go to section 2-3-5

- Please go to section 2-3-6 If youre not sure, please contact your Internet service provider. A wrong Internet connection type will cause connection problem, and you will not be able to connect to internet. If you want to go back to previous step, please press Back button on the bottom of this page. NOTE: Some service providers use DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) to assign IP address to you. In this case, you can choose Cable Modem as Internet connection type, even youre using another connection type, like xDSL. Also, some cable modem uses PPPoE, so you can choose PPPoE xDSL for such cable modem connection, even youre using a cable modem. 24 2-3-1 Setup procedure for Cable Modem:

1 2 3 Here are descriptions of every setup items:

Host Name (1):

Please input the host name of your computer, this is optional, and only required if your service provider asks you to do so. MAC address (2): Please input MAC address of your computer here, if your service provider only permits computer with certain MAC address to access internet. If youre using the computer which used to connect to Internet via cable modem, you can simply press Clone Mac address button to fill the MAC address field with the MAC address of your computer. After you finish with all settings, please click OK (3) button; if you want to go back to previous menu, click Back. 2-3-2 Setup procedure for Fixed-IP xDSL:

1 2 3 4 25 5 Here are descriptions of every setup items:

IP address assigned by your Service Provider (1):

Subnet Mask (2): Please input subnet mask assigned by your service Please input IP address assigned by your service provider. provider DNS address (3): Please input the IP address of DNS server provided by your service provider. You must use the addresses provided by your Internet service provider, wrong setting value will cause connection problem. NOTE: You can choose this Internet connection method if your service provider assigns a fixed IP address (also know as static address) to you, and not using DHCP or PPPoE protocol. Please contact your service provider for further information. Service Provider Please input the IP address of DNS server Gateway Address (4): provided by your service provider. When you finish with all settings, press OK (5); if you want to go back to previous menu, click Back. 26 2-3-3 Setup procedure for PPPoE xDSL:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Here are descriptions of every setup items:

User Name (1):

Please input user name assigned by your Internet service provider here. Password (2):

Please input the password assigned by your Internet service provider here. Service Name (3): Please give a name to this Internet service, this is optional MTU (4):

Connection Type (5):

Please input the MTU value of your network connection here. If you dont know, you can use default value. Please select the connection type of Internet connection you wish to use (detailed explanation listed below). Idle Time Out (6): Please input idle time out, (detailed explanation listed below). 27 When you finish with all settings, please click OK (7); if you want to go back to previous menu, click Back. MTU - Please use default value if you dont know what it is, or ask your service provider for a proper value. Connection Type - There are 3 options: Continuous - keep internet connection alive, do not disconnect, connect on Demand - only connects to Internet when theres a connect attempt, and Manual -

only connects to Internet when Connect button on this page is pressed, and disconnects when Disconnect button is pressed. Idle Time Out: Specify the time to shutdown internet connect after no internet activity is detected by minute. This option is only available when connection type is Connect on Demand. 2-3-4 Setup procedure for PPTP xDSL:

PPTP xDSL requires two kinds of setting: WAN interface setting (setup IP address) and PPTP setting (PPTP user name and password). Here we start from WAN interface setting:

Select the type of how you obtain IP address from your service provider here. You can choose Obtain an IP address automatically (equal to DHCP, please refer to Cable Modem section above), or Use the following IP address (i.e. static IP address). 28 WAN interface settings must be correctly set, or the Internet connection will fail even those settings of PPTP settings are correct. Please contact your Internet service provider if you dont know what you should fill in these fields. Now please go to PPTP settings section:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Here are descriptions of every setup items:

User Name (1):

Please input user ID (user name) assigned by your Internet service provider here. Password (2):

PPTP Gateway (3):

Connection ID (4):

MTU (5):

Please input the password assigned by your Internet service provider here. Please input the IP address of PPTP gateway assigned by your Internet service provider here. Please input the connection ID here, this is optional and you can leave it blank. Please input the MTU value of your network connection here. If you dont know, you can use default value. BEZEQ-ISRAEL (6): Setting item BEZEQ-ISRAEL is only required to Check if youre using the service provided by 29 BEZEQ network in Israel. Please select the connection type of Internet connection you wish to use, please refer to last section for detailed descriptions. Connection type (7):

Idle Time Out (8):

Please input the idle time out of Internet connection you wish to use, and refer to last section for detailed descriptions. When you finish with all settings, please click OK (9); if you want to go back to previous menu, click Back. 2-3-5 Setup procedure for L2TP xDSL:

L2TP is another popular connection method for xDSL and other Internet connection types, and all required setting items are the same with PPTP connection. Like PPTP, there are two kinds of required setting, well start from WAN Interface Settings:

Please select the type of how you obtain IP address from your service provider here. You can choose Obtain an IP address automatically (equal to DHCP, please refer to Cable Modem section above), or Use the following IP address (equal to static IP address, please refer to PPPoE xDSL section above). 30 WAN interface settings must be correctly set, or the Internet connection will fail even those settings of PPTP settings are correct. Please contact your Internet service provider if you dont know what you should fill in these fields. Now please go to L2TP settings section:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Here are descriptions of every setup items:

User Name (1):

Password (2):

Please input user ID (user name) assigned by your Internet service provider here. Please input the password assigned by your Internet service provider here. L2TP Gateway (3): Please input the IP address of PPTP gateway assigned by your Internet service provider here. MTU (4):

Connection type (5):

Idle Time Out (6):

Please input the MTU value of your network connection here. If you dont know, you can use default value. Please select the connection type of Internet connection you wish to use, please refer to last section for detailed descriptions. Please input the idle time out of Internet connection you wish to use, and refer to last section 31 for detailed descriptions. When you finish with all settings, please click OK (7); if you want to go back to previous menu, click Back. 2-3-6 Setup procedure for Telstra Big Pond:

3 1 2 4 5 Please input the password assigned by Telstra. Please input the user name assigned by Telstra. This setting only works when youre using Telstra big ponds network service in Australia. You need to input:

User Name (1):

Password (2):

User decide login Check this box to choose login server manually (3): server by yourself. Login Server(4):Please input the IP address of login server here. When you finish with all settings, click OK (5); if you want to go back to previous menu, click Back. When all settings are finished, youll see the following message displayed on your web browser:

32 Please click Apply button to prepare to restart the router, and youll see this message:

Please wait for about 30 seconds, then click OK! button. Youll be back to router management interface again, and the router is ready with new settings. 33 2-4 Basic Setup In this chapter, youll know how to change the time zone, password, and remote management settings. Please start your web browser and log onto router web management interface, then click General Setup button on the left, or click General Setup link at the upper-right corner of web management interface. HERE!

2-4-1 Time zone and time auto-synchronization Please follow the following instructions to set time zone and time auto-synchronization parameters:

Please click System menu on the left of web management interface, then click Time Zone, and the following message will be displayed on your web browser: Please select time zone at Set time zone drop-down list, and input the IP address or host name of time server. If you want to 34 enable daylight savings setting, please check Enable Function box, and set the duration of daylight setting. When you finish, click Apply. Youll see the following message displayed on web browser:

Press Continue to save the settings made and back to web management interface; press Apply to save the settings made and restart the router so the settings will take effect after it reboots. NOTE: You can refer to the instructions given in last chapter: Using Quick Setup, for detailed descriptions on time zone settings. 2-4-2 Change management password Default password of this router is 1234, and its displayed on the login prompt when accessed from web browser. Theres a security risk if you dont change the default password, since everyone can see it. This is very important when you have wireless function enabled. To change password, please follow the following instructions:

Please click System menu on the left of web management interface, then click Password Settings, and the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

1 2 3 35 Please input current password here. Here are descriptions of every setup items:

Current Password (1):

New Password (2): Please input new password here. Confirmed Password (3):

When you finish, click Apply. If you want to keep original password unchanged, click Cancel. If the password you typed in New Password (2) and Confirmed Password (3) field are not the same, youll see the following message:

Please input new password here again. Please retype the new password again when you see above message. If you see the following message:

It means the content in Current Password field is wrong, please click OK to go back to previous menu, and try to input current password again. If the current and new passwords are correctly entered, after you click Apply, youll be prompted to input your new password:

36 Please use new password to enter web management interface again, and you should be able to login with new password. 2-4-3 Remote Management This router does not allow management access from Internet, to prevent possible security risks (especially when you defined a weak password, or didnt change default password). However, you can still management this router from a specific IP address by enabling the Remote Management Function. To do so, please follow the following instructions:

Please click System menu on the left of web management interface, then click Remote Management, and the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

1 2 3 4 37 Here are descriptions of every setup items:

Host Address (1):

Port (2):

Input the IP address of the remote host you wish to initiate a management access. You can define the port number this router should expect an incoming request. If youre providing a web service (default port number is 80), you should try to use other port number. You can use the default port setting 8080, or something like 32245 or 1429. (Any integer between 1 and 65534) Select the field to start the configuration. Enabled (3):

When you finish with all settings, click Apply, and youll see the following message displayed on web browser:

Press Continue to save the settings made and back to web management interface; press Apply to save the settings made and restart the router so the settings will take effect after it reboots. 38 NOTE: When you want to manage this router from another computer on internet, you have to input the IP address and port number of this router. If your Internet service provider assigns you with a static IP address, it will not be a problem; but if the IP address your service provider assigns to you will vary every time you establish an internet connection, this will be a problem. Please either ask your service provider to give you a static IP address, or use dynamic IP to host name mapping services like DDNS. Please refer to chapter 2-5-8 DDNS client for details. NOTE: Default port number the web browser will use is 80. If the Port setting in this page is not 80, you have to assign the port number in the address bar of web browser manually. For example, if the IP address of this router is 1.2.3.4, and the port number you set is 8888, you have to input following address in the address bar of web browser:

http://1.2.3.4:8888 39 2-5 Setup Internet Connection (WAN Setup) Internet connections setup can be done by using Quick Setup menu described in chapter 2-3. However, you can setup WAN connections up by using WAN configuration menu. You can also set advanced functions like DDNS (Dynamic DNS) here. To start configuration, please follow the following instructions:

Please click WAN menu on the left of web management interface, and the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

Please select an Internet connection method depend on the type of connection youre using. You can either click the connection method on the left (1) or right (2). If you select the connection method on the right, please click More Configuration button after a method is selected. 1 2 Dynamic IP Static IP PPPoE PPTP L2TP Telstra Big Pond DNS DDNS

- Please go to section 2-5-1

- Please go to section 2-5-2

- Please go to section 2-5-3

- Please go to section 2-5-4

- Please go to section 2-5-5

- Please go to section 2-5-6

- Please go to section 2-5-7

- Please go to section 2-5-8 40 2-5-1 Setup procedure for Dynamic IP:

1 2 3 Here are descriptions of every setup items:

Host Name (1):

Please input host name of your computer, this is optional, and only required if your service provider asks you to do so. MAC Address (2): Please input MAC address of your computer, if your service provider only permits computer with certain MAC address to access internet. If youre using the computer which used to connect to Internet via cable modem, you can simply press Clone Mac address button to fill the MAC address field with the MAC address of your computer, After you finish with all settings, please click Apply (3); if you want to remove and value you entered, please click Cancel. After you click Apply, the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

41 Please click Continue (1) to back to previous setup menu; to continue on router setup, or click Apply to reboot the router so the settings will take effect (Please wait for about 30 seconds while router is rebooting). 2-5-2 Setup procedure for Static IP:

1 2 3 4 Here are descriptions of every setup items:

IP address assigned by your Service Provider (1):

Subnet Mask (2):

Please input IP address assigned by your service provider. Please input subnet mask assigned by your service provider Service Provider Gateway Address (3):

After you finish with all settings, please click Apply (4) button and the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

Please input the IP address of DNS server provided by your service provider. 42 Please click Continue to back to previous setup menu; to continue on other setup procedures, or click Apply to reboot the router so the settings will take effect (Please wait for about 30 seconds while router is rebooting). If you want to reset all settings in this page back to previously-saved value, please click Cancel button. 2-5-3 Setup procedure for PPPoE:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Here are descriptions of every setup items:

User Name (1):

Please input user name assigned by your Internet service provider here. 43 Password (2):

Please input the password assigned by your Internet service provider here. Service Name (3): Please give a name to this Internet service, this is optional MTU (4):

Connection Type (5):

Please input the MTU value of your network connection here. If you dont know, you can use default value. Please select the connection type of Internet connection you wish to use. Continuous The connection will be kept always on. If the connection is interrupted, the router will re-connect automatically. Connect On-Demand Only connect when you want to surf the Internet. Idle Time Out is set to stop the connection when the network traffic is not sending or receiving after an idle time. Manual After you have selected this option, you will see the Connect button and Disconnect button, click Connect and the router will connect to the ISP. If you want to stop the connection, please click Disconnect button. Idle Time Out (6): If you have selected the connection type to Connect-On-Demand, please input the idle time out. After you finish with all settings, please click Apply (7) button and the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

44 Please click Continue to back to previous setup menu; to continue on other setup procedures, or click Apply to reboot the router so the settings will take effect (Please wait for about 30 seconds while router is rebooting). If you want to reset all settings in this page back to previously-saved value, please click Cancel button. 2-5-4 Setup procedure for PPTP:

PPTP requires two kinds of setting: WAN interface setting (setup IP address) and PPTP setting (PPTP user name and password). Here we start from WAN interface setting:

Select the type of how you obtain IP address from your service provider here. You can choose Obtain an IP address automatically (equal to DHCP, please refer to Cable Modem section above), or Use the following IP address (i.e. static IP address) WAN interface settings must be correctly set, or the Internet connection will fail even those settings of PPTP settings are correct. Please contact 45 your Internet service provider if you dont know what you should fill in these fields. Now please go to PPTP settings section:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Here are descriptions of every setup items:

User Name (1):

Please input user ID (user name) assigned by your Internet service provider here. Password (2):

Please input the password assigned by your Internet service provider here. PPTP Gateway (3): Please input the IP address of PPTP gateway assigned by your Internet service provider here. Connection ID (4): Please input the connection ID here, this is optional and you can leave it blank. MTU (5):

Please input the MTU value of your network connection here. If you dont know, you can use default value. BEZEQ-ISRAEL (6): If you are connecting to the BEZEQ network in Israel. Please enable this function. 46 Connection type (7):

Please select the connection type of Internet connection you wish to use, please refer to section 2-5-3 for detailed descriptions. Idle Time Out (8): Please input the idle time out of Internet connection you wish to use, and refer to section 2-5-3 for detailed descriptions. When you finish with all settings, please click Apply (9) button and the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

Please click Continue to back to previous setup menu; to continue on other setup procedures, or click Apply to reboot the router so the settings will take effect (Please wait for about 30 seconds while router is rebooting). If you want to reset all settings in this page back to previously-saved value, please click Cancel button. 2-5-5 Setup procedure for L2TP:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 47 Here are descriptions of every setup items:

User ID (1): Please input user ID (user name) assigned by your Internet service provider here. Password (2): Please input the password assigned by your Internet service provider here. L2TP Please input the IP address of PPTP gateway Gateway (3): assigned by your Internet service provider here. MTU (4):

Please input the MTU value of your network connection here. If you dont know, you can use default value. Connection type (5):

Idle Time Out (6):

Please select the connection type of Internet connection you wish to use, please refer to section 2-5-3 for detailed descriptions. Please input the idle time out of Internet connection you wish to use, and refer to section 2-5-3 for detailed descriptions. When you finish with all settings, please click Apply (7) button and the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

Please click Continue to back to previous setup menu; to continue on other setup procedures, or click Apply to reboot the router so the settings will take effect (Please wait for about 30 seconds while router is rebooting). 48 If you want to reset all settings in this page back to previously-saved value, please click Cancel button. 2-5-6 Setup procedure for Telstra Big Pond:

3 1 2 4 5 Please input the password assigned by Telstra. Please input the user name assigned by Telstra. This setting only works when youre using Telstra big ponds network service in Australia. You need to input:

User Name (1):

Password (2):

Assign login server manually (3):

Server IP Address (4):Please input the IP address of login server here. When you finish with all settings, click Apply (5) button and the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

Check this box to choose login server by yourself. 49 Please click Continue to back to previous setup menu; to continue on other setup procedures, or click Apply to reboot the router so the settings will take effect (Please wait for about 30 seconds while router is rebooting). If you want to reset all settings in this page back to previously-saved value, please click Cancel button. 2-5-7 Setup procedure for DNS:

If you select Dynamic IP or PPPoE as Internet connection method, at least one DNS servers IP address should be assigned automatically. However, if you have preferred DNS server, or your service provider didnt assign the IP address of DNS server because of any reason, you can input the IP address of DNS server here. 1 2 3 Here are descriptions of every setup items:

50 DNS Address (1): Please input the IP address of DNS server provided by your service provider. Secondary DNS Address (2):

Please input the IP address of another DNS server provided by your service provider, this is optional. NOTE: Only IP address can be entered here; DO NOT use the hostname of DNS server! (i.e. only numeric characters and dots are accepted) 10.20.30.40 Correct dns.serviceprovider.com... Incorrect After you finish with all settings, please click Apply (3) button and the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

Please click Continue to back to previous setup menu; to continue on other setup procedures, or click Apply to reboot the router so the settings will take effect (Please wait for about 30 seconds while router is rebooting). If you want to reset all settings in this page back to previously-saved value, please click Cancel button. 2-5-8 Setup procedure for DDNS:

DDNS (Dynamic DNS) is an IP-to-Hostname mapping service for those Internet users who dont have a static (fixed) IP address. It will be a problem when such user wants to provide services to other users on Internet, because their IP address will vary every time when connected to Internet, and other user will not be able to know the IP address theyre 51 using at a certain time. This router supports DDNS service of several service providers, for example:

DynDNS (http://www.dyndns.org) TZO (http://www.tzo.com) Please go to one of DDNS service providers webpage listed above, and get a free DDNS account by the instructions given on their webpage. 1 2 3 4 5 Here are descriptions of every setup items:

Dynamic DNS (1): If you want to enable DDNS function, please select 6 Enabled; otherwise please select Disabled. Provider (2):

Domain Name (3): Input the domain name youve obtained from DDNS Select your DDNS service provider here. service provider. Input account or email of DDNS registration. Account /

E-Mail (4):

Password / Key (5): Input DDNS service password or key. 52 After you finish with all settings, please click Apply (6) button and the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

Please click Continue to back to previous setup menu; to continue on other setup procedures, or click Apply to reboot the router so the settings will take effect (Please wait for about 30 seconds while router is rebooting). If you want to reset all settings in this page back to previously-saved value, please click Cancel button. 53 2-6 Wired LAN Configuration Before all computers using wired Ethernet connection (i.e. those computers connect to this routers LAN port 1 to 4 by Ethernet cable) can communicate with each other and access internet, they must have a valid IP address. There are two ways to assign IP addresses to computers: static IP address

(set the IP address for every computer manually), and dynamic IP address

(IP address of computers will be assigned by router automatically. Its recommended for most of computers to use dynamic IP address, it will save a lot of time on setting IP addresses for every computer, especially when there are a lot of computers in your network; for servers and network devices which will provide services to other computer and users that come from Internet, static IP address should be used, so other computes can locate the server. Suggestions on IP address numbering plan:

If you have no idea on how to define an IP address plan for your network, here are some suggestions. 1. A valid IP address has 4 fields: a.b.c.d, for most of home and company users, its suggested to use 192.168.c.d, where c is an integer between 0 and 254, and d is an integer between 1 and 254. This router is capable to work with up to 253 clients, so you can set d field of IP address of router as 1 or 254 (or any number between 1 and 254), and pick a number between 0 and 254 for field c. 2. In most cases, you should use 255.255.255.0 as subnet mask, which allows up to 253 clients (this also meets routers capability of working with up to 253 clients). 3. For all servers and network devices which will provide services to other people (like Internet service, print service, and file service), they should use static IP address. Give each of them a unique number between 1 and 253, and maintain a list, so everyone can locate those servers easily. 4. For computers which are not dedicated to provide specific service to others, they should use dynamic IP address. If you dont really understand the descriptions listed above, dont worry! We will provide recommended setup values below. 54 Please follow the following instructions to set wired LAN parameters:

Please click LAN menu on the left of web management interface, there are three setup groups here: LAN IP, DHCP Server, and Static DHCP Leases Table. Here are setup instructions for each of them:

2-6-1 LAN IP section:

1 2 3 4 Here are descriptions of every setup items:

IP address (1):

Subnet Mask (2): Please input subnet mask for this network. 802.1d Spanning Tree (3): function, select Enabled for setup item 802.1d If you wish to activate 802.1d spanning tree Please input the IP address of this router. Spanning Tree, or set it to Disabled DHCP Server (4):

If you want to activate DHCP server function of this router, select Enabled, or set it to Disabled. Recommended Value if you dont know what to fill:

IP Address: 192.168.2.1 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 802.1d Spanning Tree: Disabled DHCP Server: Enabled 55 2-6-2 DHCP Server:

1 2 3 4 These settings are only available when DHCP Server in LAN IP section is Enabled, and here are descriptions of every setup items:

Lease Time (1):

Please choose a lease time (the duration that every computer can keep a specific IP address) of every IP address assigned by this router from dropdown menu. Please input the start IP address of the IP range. Start IP (2):

End IP (3):

Domain Name (4): If you wish, you can also optionally input the Please input the end IP address of the IP range. domain name for your network. This is optional. Recommended Value if you dont know what to fill:

Lease Time: Two Weeks (or Forever, if you have less than 20 computers) Start IP: 192.168.2.100 End IP: 192.168.2.200 Domain Name: (leave it blank) NOTE:

1. The number of the last field (mentioned d field) of End IP must be greater than Start IP, and can not the same with routers IP address. 2. The former three fields of IP address of Start IP, End IP, and IP Address of LAN IP section (mentioned a, b, and c field) should be the same. 3. These settings will affect wireless clients too. 56 2-6-3 Static DHCP Leases Table:

This function allows you to assign a static IP address to a specific computer forever, so you dont have to set the IP address for a computer, and still enjoy the benefit of using DHCP server. Maximum 16 static IP addresses can be assigned here.

(If you set Lease Time to forever in DHCP Server section, you can also assign an IP address to a specific computer permanently, however, you will not be able to assign a certain IP address to a specific computer, since IP addresses will be assigned in random order by this way). 1 2 3 4 Check this box to enable this function, Here are descriptions of every setup items:

Enable Static DHCP Leases (1): otherwise uncheck it to disable this function. MAC Address (2): Input the MAC address of the computer or network device (total 12 characters, with character from 0 to 9, and from a to f, like 001122aabbcc) IP address (3):

Add (4):

Input the IP address you want to assign to this computer or network device After you inputted MAC address and IP address pair, click this button to add the pair to static DHCP leases table. If you want to remove all characters you just entered, click Clear. 57 After you clicked Add, the MAC address and IP address mapping will be added to Static DHCP Leases Table section. 1 2 3 4 If you want to delete a specific item, please check the Select box of a MAC address and IP address mapping (1), then click Delete Selected button (2); if you want to delete all mappings, click Delete All (3). If you want to deselect all mappings, click Reset (4). After you finish all LAN settings, please click Apply button on the bottom of this page. After you click Apply, the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

Please click Continue to back to previous setup menu; to continue on router setup, or click Apply to reboot the router so the settings will take effect (Please wait for about 30 seconds while router is rebooting). 58 2-7 Wireless LAN Configuration If your computer, PDA, game console, or other network devices which is equipped with wireless network interface, you can use the wireless function of this router to let them connect to Internet and share resources with other computers with wired-LAN connection. You can also use the built-in security functions to protect your network from being intruded by malicious intruders. Please follow the following instructions to set wireless parameters:

Please click Wireless menu on the left of web management interface, and the following message will be displayed on your web browser. You must enable wireless function of this router, or the wireless interface of this router will not function. Please select Enable (1), then click Apply

(2) button. If youre coming here because you want to disable wireless function, please select Disable (3), then click Apply (2) button. 1 3 2 After you click Apply(2), the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

59 Please click Continue to back to previous setup menu; to continue on other setup procedures, or click Apply to reboot the router so the settings will take effect (Please wait for about 30 seconds while router is rebooting). 2-7-1 Basic Wireless Settings Please click Wireless menu on the left of web management interface, then click Basic Settings, and the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

1 2 3 4 5 This wireless router can be work in 6 modes:

a. Access Point: Standard wireless AP . b. Station-Infrastructure: Configure the router to Ethernet device such us TV, Game player, HDD&DVD to enable the Ethernet device be a wireless station. 60 c. AP Bridge-Point to Point: Connect this router with another wireless router, to expand the scope of network. d. AP Bridge-Point to Multi-Point: Connect this router with up to four other wireless routers, to expand the scope of network. e. AP Bridge-WDS: Connect this router with up to four WDS-capable wireless routers, to expand the scope of network. f. Universal Repeater: The router can act as Station and AP at the same time. It can use Station function to connect to a Root AP and use AP function to service all wireless stations within its coverage. Please select a proper operation mode you want to use from Mode dropdown menu (1), and continue on other operation mode specific settings:

NOTE: For AP Bridge-Point to Point and AP Bridge-Point to Multi-Point mode, wireless router is operated in wireless bridge dedicated mode wireless router is only used to expand the scope of network, and no wireless clients will be accepted. If you want to use your wireless router to expand the scope of network, and also accept wireless clients, please select AP Bridge-WDS or Universal Repeater mode. AP Station-Infrastructure AP Bridge-Point to Point AP Bridge-Point to Multi-Point AP Bridge-WDS Universal Repeater

- Please go to section 2-7-1-1

- Please go to section 2-7-1-2

- Please go to section 2-7-1-3

- Please go to section 2-7-1-4

- Please go to section 2-7-1-5

- Please go to section 2-7-1-6 2-7-1-1 Setup procedure for Access Point:

Please select the radio band you want to use from Band dropdown menu 61

(2), and the following message will be displayed:

1 2 3 4 5 Here are descriptions of every setup items:

Band (2):

Please select the radio band from one of following options:

2.4 GHz (B) 2.4 GHz (N) 2.4 GHz (B+G) 2.4 GHz (G) 2.4GHz band, only allows 802.11b wireless network client to connect this router (maximum transfer rate 11Mbps). 2.4GHz band, only allows 802.11n wireless network client to connect this router (maximum transfer rate 150Mbps). 2.4GHz band, only allows 802.11b and 802.11g wireless network client to connect this router

(maximum transfer rate 11Mbps for 802.11b clients, and maximum 54Mbps for 802.11g clients). 2.4GHz band, only allows 802.11g wireless network client to connect this router (maximum transfer rate 54Mbps). 802.11n wireless network client to connect this router (maximum transfer rate 11Mbps for 802.11b clients, maximum 54Mbps for 802.11g clients, and maximum 150Mbps for 802.11n clients). 62 2.4 GHz (B+G+N) 2.4GHz band, allows 802.11b, 802.11g, and NOTE: For 802.11b and 802.11g mode, the signals can be transmitted only by antenna 1 (The antenna in the right side of the rear panel). For 802.11n mode: The router is operating in a 1T2R Spatial Multiplexing MIMO configuration. 1 antenna is for signal transmitting and 2 antennas are for signal receiving. SSID (3):

This is the name of wireless router. You can type any alphanumerical characters here, maximum 32 characters. SSID is used to identify your own wireless router from others when there are other wireless routers in the same area. Default SSID is default, its recommended to change default SSID value to the one which is meaningful to you, like myhome, office_room1, etc. Channel Number (4): Please select a channel from the dropdown list of Channel Number, available channel numbers are 1 to 13 for European countries, 1 to 11 for USA. You can choose any channel number you want to use, and almost all wireless clients can locate the channel youre using automatically without any problem. However, its still useful to remember the channel number you use, some wireless client supports manual channel number select, and this would help in certain scenario when there is some radio communication problem. Associated Clients (5): Click Show Active Clients button, then an Active Wireless Client Table will pop up. You can see the status of all active wireless stations that are connecting to the access point. NOTE: If you dont have special reason to limit the type of allowed wireless client, its recommended to choose 2.4 GHz (B+G+N) to maximize wireless client compatibility. 63 TIPS: You can try to change channel number to another one if you think the data transfer rate is too slow. There could be some other wireless routers using the same channel, which will disturb the radio communication between wireless client and the wireless router. 2-7-1-2 Setup procedure for Station-Infrastructure:

In this mode, you can connect the router to Ethernet device such us TV, Game player, HDD&DVD to enable the Ethernet device be a wireless station and join to a wireless network through an access point or AP router. 1 2 3 4 5 Here are descriptions of every setup items:

Band (2):

SSID (3):

Select the band you want to use. This is the name of wireless network. You can type the SSID of the network you would like to connect here. When you use this wireless router as a wireless station for Ethernet network device to have wireless capability, you have to associate it with a working access point. Click Select Site Survey button, then a Wireless Site Survey Table will pop up. It will list all available access points near by. You can select one access point in the table and it will join wireless LAN through this access point. 64 Site Survey (4):

Wireless MAC For some applications, you may need to designate a Address (5): specific MAC address for the router. Please enter the MAC address here. If you are connecting the router to a computer, you can simply press Clone Mac address button to fill the MAC address field with the MAC address of your computer. 2-7-1-3 Setup procedure for AP Bridge-Point to Point:

In this mode, you can connect your wireless router with another, to combine two access points and expand the scope of wireless network, and all clients (wired only AP will not accept wireless clients in this mode) of two wireless routers will think theyre on the same physical network. This function is very convenient when you need to connect two networks between two buildings. Here are instructions about how to connect two wireless routers together:

1 2 3 4 5 NOTE: Two wireless routers must use the same mode, band, channel number, and security setting!

Here are descriptions of every setup items:

Band (2):

Select the band you want to use, two wireless routers must use the same setting. Select the channel you want to use, two wireless routers must use the same setting. 65 Channel Number (3):

MAC address 1(4):

Security Settings (5):

Input the MAC address of another wireless router. Click to setting security for this connection

(Please go to section 2-7-3 Wireless Security for detailed instructions). 2-7-1-4 Setup procedure for AP Bridge-Point to Multi-Point:

In this mode, you can connect your wireless router with at least four wireless routers to expand the scope of wireless network, and all clients

(wired only AP will not accept wireless clients in this mode) of the wireless routers will think theyre on the same physical network. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Here are descriptions of every setup items:

Band (2):

Channel Number (3):

MAC address 1 to 4 (4 - 7):

Select the band you want to use, all the wireless routers must use the same setting. Select the channel you want to use, all the wireless routers must use the same setting. Input the MAC address of other wireless routers. 66 Security Setting (8):

Click to set security settings for this connection

(Please go to section 2-7-3 Wireless Security for detailed instructions). 2-7-1-5 Setup procedure for AP Bridge WDS In this mode, you can expand the scope of network by combining up to four other access points together, and every access point can still accept wireless clients. NOTE: For WDS mode, the output signal nature is the same as that of normal AP mode. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Here are descriptions of every setup items:

Band (2):

Select the band you want to use, all the wireless routers must use the same setting. SSID (3):

Channel Number (4):

Input the SSID of your wireless router, the setting should be the same with other wireless routers for the convenience of roaming. Select the channel you want to use, all the wireless routers must use the same setting. 67 Associated Clients (5):Click Show Active Clients button, then an Active Wireless Client Table will pop up. You can see the status of all active wireless stations that are connecting to the access point. MAC address 1 to 4 (6 - 9):

Security Setting (10):

Input the MAC address of other wireless routers. Click to set security settings for this connection

(Please go to section 2-7-3 Wireless Security for detailed instructions). 2-7-1-6 Setup procedure for Universal Repeater In this mode, the router can act as a wireless repeater; it can be Station and AP at the same time. It can use Station function to connect to a Root AP and use AP function to service all wireless stations within its coverage. NOTE: For Repeater Mode, this router will demodulate the received signal, checking if this signal is noise for the operating network then have the signal modulated and amplified again. The output power of this mode is the same as that of WDS and normal AP mode. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Here are descriptions of every setup items:

68 Band (2):

SSID (3):

Select the band you want to use, all the wireless routers must use the same setting. This is the name of wireless router. You can type any alphanumerical characters here, maximum 32 characters. SSID is used to identify your own wireless router from others when there are other wireless routers in the same area. Default SSID is default, its recommended to change default ESSID value to the one which is meaningful to you, like myhome, office_room1, etc. Channel Number (4):

Associated Clients (5): Click Show Active Clients button, then an Select the channel you want to use, all the wireless clients must use the same setting. Root AP SSID (6):

Site Survey (7):

Active Wireless Client Table will pop up. You can see the status of all active wireless stations that are connecting to the access point. In Universal Repeater mode, this device can act as a station to connect to a Root AP. You should assign the SSID of the Root AP here or click Select Site Survey button to choose a Root AP. Click Select Site Survey button, then a Wireless Site Survey Table will pop up. It will list all available access points near by. You can select one access point in the table and the router will join wireless LAN through this access point. After you finish the wireless setting, please click Apply button, after you click Apply, the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

69 Please click Continue to back to previous setup menu; to continue on router setup, or click Apply to reboot the router so the settings will take effect (Please wait for about 30 seconds while router is rebooting). 2-7-2 Advanced Wireless Settings This router provides some advanced control of wireless parameters, if you want to configure these settings, please click Wireless menu on the left of web management interface, then click Advanced Settings, and the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Here are descriptions of every setup items:

Fragment Set the Fragment threshold of wireless radio. 70 Threshold (1):

Do not modify default value if you dont know what it is, default value is 2346. RTS Threshold (2): Set the RTS threshold of wireless radio. Do not modify default value if you dont know what it is, default value is 2347. Beacon Interval (3): Set the beacon interval of wireless radio. Do not modify default value if you dont know what it is, default value is 100. DTIM Period (4): Set the DTIM period of wireless radio. Do not modify default value if you dont know what it is, default value is 3. Data Rate (5):

Set the wireless data transfer rate to a certain value. Since most of wireless devices will negotiate with each other and pick a proper data transfer rate automatically, its not necessary to change this value unless you know what will happen after modification. Same as above, but only for 802.11n clients. N Data Rate (6):

Channel Width (7): Set channel width of wireless radio. Do not modify default value if you dont know what it is, default setting is Auto 20/40 MHz. Preamble Type (8): Set the type of preamble, do not modify default value if you dont know what it is, default setting is Short Preamble. Broadcast ESSID (9): Decide if the wireless router will broadcast its own ESSID or not. You can hide the ESSID of your wireless router (set the option to Disable), so only people those who know the ESSID of your wireless router can get connected. 71 CTS Protect (10): Enabling this setting will reduce the chance of radio Tx Power (11):

WMM (12):

signal collisions between 802.11b and 802.11g/n wireless access points. Its recommended to set this option to Auto or Always. However, if you set to None, your wireless router should be able to work fine, too. You can set the output power of wireless radio. Unless youre using this wireless router in a really big space, you may not have to set output power to 100%. This will enhance security (malicious /

unknown users in distance will not be able to reach your wireless router). The short of Wi-Fi MultiMedia, it will enhance the data transfer performance of multimedia contents when theyre being transferred over wireless network. If you dont know what it is / not sure if you need it, its safe to set this option to Enable, however, default value is Disable. After you finish these wireless settings, please click Apply button, button, and the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

Please click Continue to back to previous setup menu; to continue on router setup, or click Apply to reboot the router so the settings will take effect (Please wait for about 30 seconds while router is rebooting). 72 2-7-3 Wireless Security Its very important to set wireless security settings properly! If you dont, hackers and malicious users can reach your network and valuable data without your consent and this will cause serious security problem. To set wireless security settings, Please click Wireless menu on the left of web management interface, then click Security Settings, then follow the following instructions to set wireless security settings:

Please select an encryption method from Encryption dropdown menu, there are four options:

2-7-3-1 Disable wireless security When you select this mode, data encryption is disabled, and every wireless device in proximity will be able to connect your wireless router if no other security measure is enabled (like MAC address access control

- see section 2-7-4, or disable ESSID broadcast). Only use this option when you really want to allow everyone to use your wireless router, and you dont care if theres someone reads the data you transfer over network without your consent. 2-7-3-2 WEP - Wired Equivalent Privacy When you select this mode, the wireless router will use WEP encryption, and the following setup menu will be shown on your web browser:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 73 10 Here are descriptions of every setup items:

Key Length (2):

Key Format (3):

Default Tx Key (4): You can set up to four sets of WEP key, and you can Encryption Key 1 to 4 (5-8):

There are two types of WEP key length: 64-bit and 128-bit. Using 128-bit is safer than 64-bit, but will reduce some data transfer performance. There are two types of key format: ASCII and Hex. When you select a key format, the number of characters of key will be displayed. For example, if you select 64-bit as key length, and Hex as key format, youll see the message at the right of Key Format is Hex (10 characters), which means the length of WEP key is 10 characters. decide which key is being used by default here. If you dont know which one you should use, select Key 1. Input WEP key characters here, the number of characters must be the same as the number displayed at Key Format field. You can use any alphanumerical characters (0-9, a-z, and A-Z) if you select ASCII key format, and if you select Hex as key format, you can use characters 0-9, a-f, and A-F. You must enter at least one encryption key here, and if you entered multiple WEP keys, they should not be same with each other. wireless router before accessing the wireless LAN. The authentication is processed by a RADIUS server. This mode only authenticates user by IEEE 802.1x, but it does not encryption the data during communication. If there is a RADIUS server in you environment, please enable this function. Check this box and another sub-menu will appear:

74 Enable 802.1x Authentication (9): user must use a valid account to login to this IEEE 802.1x is an authentication protocol. Every 11 12 13 Please input the IP address of radius server here Please input the port number of radius password here. Please input the port number of radius server here. TIPS: Some examples of WEP key

(Dont use those examples; use the one of your own!):

RADIUS Server IP address (11):

RADIUS Server Port (12):

RADIUS Server Password (13):

After you finish WEP setting, please click Apply button (10) and the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

To improve security level, do not use those words which can be found in a dictionary or too easy to remember! (pilot and phone listed above are bad examples; just intended to show you how a WEP key look like). Wireless clients will remember the WEP key, so you only have to input the WEP key on wireless client once, and its worth to use complicated WEP key to improve security level. ASCII (5 characters): pilot phone 23561 2Hyux #@xmL ASCII (13 characters): digitalFAMILY 82Jh26xHy3m&n Hex (10 characters): 287d2aa732 1152dabc85 Hex (26 characters): 9284bcda8427c9e036f7abcd84 75 Please click Continue to back to previous setup menu; to continue on other setup procedures, or click Apply to reboot the router so the settings will take effect (Please wait for about 30 seconds while router is rebooting). 2-7-3-3 Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA):

When you select this mode, the wireless router will use WPA encryption, and the following setup menu will be shown on your web browser:

1 2 3 4 5 Here are descriptions of every setup items:

WPA Unicast Cipher Suite (2):

Pre-shared Key Format (3):

Pre-shared Key (4):

Please select a type of WPA cipher suite. Available options are: WPA (TKIP), WPA2 (AES), and WPA2 Mixed. You can select one of them, but you have to make sure your wireless client support the cipher you selected. Select the type of pre-shared key, you can select Passphrase (8 or more alphanumerical characters, up to 63), or Hex (64 characters of 0-9, and a-f). Please input the WPA passphrase here. Its not recommended to use a word that can be found in a dictionary due to security reason. 76 After you finish WPA Pre-shared key setting, please click Apply button

(5) and the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

Please click Continue to back to previous setup menu; to continue on other setup procedures, or click Apply to reboot the router so the settings will take effect (Please wait for about 30 seconds while router is rebooting). NOTE: Some wireless clients (especially those manufactured before year 2003) only support WEP or WPA (TKIP) cipher. A driver upgrade would be needed for those clients to use WPA and WPA2 encryption. 2-7-3-4 WPA RADIUS:

If you have a RADIUS server, this router can work with it and provide safer wireless authentication. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Here are descriptions of every setup items:

WPA Unicast Cipher Suite (2):

Please select a type of WPA cipher suite. Available options are: WPA (TKIP), WPA2 (AES), and WPA2 Mixed. You can select one of them, but you have to make sure your wireless client support the cipher you selected. 77 RADIUS Server IP address (3):

RADIUS Server Port (4):

Please input the IP address of your Radius authentication server here. Please input the port number of your Radius authentication server here. Default setting is 1812. Please input the password of your Radius authentication server here. RADIUS Server Password (5):

After you finish with all settings, please click Apply (6) button and the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

Please click Continue to back to previous setup menu; to continue on other setup procedures, or click Apply to reboot the router so the settings will take effect (Please wait for about 30 seconds while router is rebooting). 2-7-4 Wireless Access Control This function will help you to prevent unauthorized users from connecting to your wireless router; only those wireless devices who have the MAC address you assigned here can gain access to your wireless router. You can use this function with other security measures described in previous section, to create a safer wireless environment. Up to 20 MAC addresses can be assigned by using this function. Please click Wireless menu on the left of web management interface, then click Access Control, and the following message will be displayed on your 78 web browser:

1 4 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 All allowed MAC addresses will be displayed in MAC Address Filtering Table (1). Here are descriptions of every setup items:

Delete Selected (2): If you want to delete a specific MAC address entry, check the select box of the MAC address you want to delete, then click Delete Selected button. (You can select more than one MAC addresses). Delete All (3):

If you want to delete all MAC addresses listed here, please click Delete All button. Enable Access Control (4): you have to check Enable Wireless Access Control. To enforce MAC address filtering, When this item is unchecked, wireless router will not enforce MAC address filtering of wireless clients. MAC Address (5): Input the MAC address of your wireless devices here, dash ( - ) or colon ( : ) are not required. (i.e. If the MAC address label of your wireless device indicates aa-bb-cc-dd-ee-ff or aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff, just input aabbccddeeff. 79 You can input any text here as the comment of this MAC address, like ROOM 2A Computer or anything. You can input up to 16 alphanumerical characters here. This is optional and you can leave it blank, however, its recommended to use this field to write a comment for every MAC addresses as a memory aid. Click Add button to add the MAC address and associated comment to the MAC address filtering table. Comment (6):

Add (7):

Clear (8):

Click Clear to remove the value you inputted in MAC address and comment field. After you finish with all settings, please click Apply (9) button and the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

Please click Continue to back to previous setup menu; to continue on other setup procedures, or click Apply to reboot the router so the settings will take effect (Please wait for about 30 seconds while router is rebooting). If you want to reset all settings in this page back to previously-saved value, please click Cancel button. 80 2-7-5 Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS) Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS) is the simplest way to build connection between wireless network clients and this wireless router. You dont have to select encryption mode and input a long encryption passphrase every time when you need to setup a wireless client, you only have to press a button on wireless client and this wireless router, and the WPS will do the rest for you. This wireless router supports two types of WPS: Push-Button Configuration (PBC), and PIN code. If you want to use PBC, you have to push a specific button on the wireless client to start WPS mode, and switch this wireless router to WPS mode too. You can push Reset/WPS button of this wireless router, or click Start PBC button in the web configuration interface to do this; if you want to use PIN code, you have to know the PIN code of wireless client and switch it to WPS mode, then provide the PIN code of the wireless client you wish to connect to this wireless router. The detailed instructions are listed follow:

Please click Wireless menu on the left of web management interface, then click WPS, and the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

1 81 2 3 4 5 Here are descriptions of every setup items:

Enable WPS (1):

Check this box to enable WPS function, uncheck it to disable WPS. WPS Information (2):WPS-related system information will be displayed here:

Config Mode (3):

WPS Status: If the wireless security (encryption) function of this wireless router is properly set, youll see Configured message here. If wireless security function has not been set, youll see unConfigured. PinCode Self: This is the WPS PIN code of this wireless router. This code is useful when you need to build wireless connection by WPS with other WPS-enabled wireless devices. SSID: The SSID of this wireless router will be displayed here. Authentication Mode: The wireless security authentication mode of this wireless router will be displayed here. If you dont enable security function of the wireless router before WPS is activated, the router will auto set the security to WPA (AES) and generate a set of passphrase key for WPS connection. Passphrase Key: The wireless security key of the router will be displayed here. There are Registrar and Enrollee modes for the WPS connection. When Registrar is enabled, the wireless clients will follow the routers wireless settings for WPS connection. When Enrolle mode is enabled, the router will follow the wireless settings of wireless client for WPS connection. 82 Configure Click Start PBC to start Push-Button style WPS by Push Button (4): setup procedure. This wireless router will wait for WPS requests from wireless clients for 2 minutes. The WLAN LED on the wireless router will be steady on for 2 minutes when this wireless router is waiting for incoming WPS request. Configure by client PinCode (5):

Please input the PIN code of the wireless client you wish to connect, and click Start PIN button. The WLAN LED on the wireless router will be steady on when this wireless router is waiting for incoming WPS request. 83 2-7-6 Security Tips for Wireless Network Here are some quick tips to help you improve the security level of your wireless network:

1. Never use simple words (like school, apple and computer) as WEP encryption or WPA passphrase. 2. A complicated (the combination of number, alphabet, even symbol, and long enough) WEP key and WPA passphrase is much safer than simple and short ones. Remember that the wireless client is capable to keep the key or passphrase for you, so you only have to input the complicated key or passphrase once. Its not too trouble but will greatly improve security level. 3. You can hide the ESSID of this router by set Broadcast ESSID option to Disable. Your wireless router will not be found by other people in proximity if theyre just using the AP scanning function of their wireless client, and this can reduce the chance of being intruded. 4. Use Access Control function described in section 2-7-4, so those people who are not in your list will not be able to connect to your network. 84 Chapter III Advanced Functions 3-1 Quality of Service (QoS) Quality of service provides an efficient way for computers on the network to share the internet bandwidth with a promised quality of internet service. Without QoS, all computers and devices on the network will compete with each other to get internet bandwidth, and some applications which require guaranteed bandwidth (like video streaming and network telephone) will be affected, therefore an unpleasing result will occur, like the interruption of video / audio transfer. With this function, you can limit the maximum bandwidth or give a guaranteed bandwidth for a specific computer, to avoid said unpleasing result from happening. 3-1-1 Basic QoS Settings Please follow the following instructions to set QoS parameters:

Please click Qos menu on the left of web management interface and the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 85 Here are descriptions of every setting:

Enable QoS (1): Check this box to enable QoS function, unselect this box if you dont want to enforce QoS bandwidth limitations. Total Download Bandwidth (2):

Total Upload Bandwidth (3):

Current QoS Table (4):

Add (5):

Edit (6):

Delete (7):

Delete All (8):

You can set the limit of total download bandwidth in kbits. To disable download bandwidth limitation, input 0 here. You can set the limit of total upload bandwidth in kbits. To disable upload bandwidth limitation, input 0 here. All existing QoS rules will be displayed here. Click add button to add a new QoS rule, see section 3-1-2 Add a new QoS rule below. If you want to modify the content of a specific rule, please check the select box of the rule you want to edit, then click Edit button. Only one rule should be selected a time! If you didnt select a rule before clicking Edit button, youll be prompted to add a new rule. You can delete selected rules by clicking this button. You can select one or more rules to delete by check the select the box of the rule(s) you want to delete a time. If the QoS table is empty, this button will be grayed out and can not be clicked. By clicking this button, you can delete all rules currently in the QoS table. If the QoS table is empty, this button will be grayed out and can not be clicked. 86 Move Up (9):

You can pull up the priority of the QoS rule you selected by clicking this button. Move Down (10): You can lower the priority of the QoS rule you selected by clicking this button. After you finish with all settings, please click Apply (11) button and the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

Please click Continue to back to previous setup menu; to continue on other setup procedures, or click Apply to reboot the router so the settings will take effect (Please wait for about 30 seconds while router is rebooting). If you want to reset all settings in this page back to previously-saved value, please click Cancel button. 3-1-2 Add a new QoS rule After you click Add button in QoS menu, the following message will appear:

87 a b c d e f g h i Here are descriptions of every setup items:

Rule Name (a):

Please give a name to this QoS rule (up to 15 alphanumerical characters) Bandwidth (b):

Local IP Address (c):

Local Port Range (d):

Set the bandwidth limitation of this QoS rule. You have to select the data direction of this rule (Upload of Download), and the speed of bandwidth limitation in Kbps, then select the type of QoS:

guarantee (guaranteed usable bandwidth for this rule) or max (set the maximum bandwidth for the application allowed by this rule). Specify the local (source) IP address that will be affected by this rule. Please input the starting IP address in the left field, and input the end IP address in the right field to define a range of IP addresses, or just input the IP address in the left field to define a single IP address. Please input the range of local (source) port number that will be affected by this rule. If you want to apply this rule on port 80 to 90, please input 80-90; if you want to apply this rule on a single port, just input the port number, like 80. 88 Remote IP Address: (e):

Remote Port Range (f):

Traffic Type (g):

Protocol (h):

Specify the remote (destination) IP address that will be affected by this rule. Please input the starting IP address in the left field, and input the end IP address in the right field to define a range of IP addresses, or just input the IP address in the left field to define a single IP address. Please input the range of remote (destination) port number that will be affected by this rule. If you want to apply this rule on port 80 to 90, please input 80-90; if you want to apply this rule on a single port, just input the port number, like 80. If the remote (destination) IP address and /or port number is universal, just leave it blank. Please select the traffic type of this rule, available options are None, SMTP, HTTP, POP3, and FTP. You can select a specific traffic type for this rule, if you want to make this rule as a IP address based rule (apply the limitation on all traffics from / to the specified IP address / port number), select None. Please select the protocol type of this rule, available options are TCP and UDP. If you dont know what protocol your application uses, please try TCP first, and switch to UDP if this rule doesnt seems to work. After you finish with all settings, please click save button (i), youll be brought back to previous menu, and the rule you just set will appear in current QoS table; if you did anything wrong, youll get an error message when you click Save button, please correct your input by the instructions given by the error message. If you want to erase all values you just entered. Click Reset 89 3-2 Network Address Translation (NAT) Network address translations solve the problem if sharing a single IP address to multiple computers. Without NAT, all computers must be assigned with a valid Internet IP address to get connected to Internet, but Internet service providers only provide very few IP addresses to every user. Therefore its necessary to use NAT technology to share a single Internet IP address to multiple computers on local network, so everyone can get connected to Internet. Please follow the following instructions to set NAT parameters:

3-2-1 Basic NAT Settings (Enable or disable NAT function) Please click NAT menu on the left of web management interface, and the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

1 2 To enable NAT function, please select Enable for Enable NAT module function (1); to disable, please select Disable. After you made the selection, please click Apply button (2) and the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

90 Please click Continue to back to previous setup menu; to continue on other setup procedures, or click Apply to reboot the router so the settings will take effect (Please wait for about 30 seconds while router is rebooting). 3-2-2 Port Forwarding This function allows you to redirect a single port or consecutive ports of Internet IP address to the same port of the IP address on local network. The port number(s) of Internet IP address and private IP address (the IP address on local network) must be the same. If the port number of Internet IP address and private IP address is different, please use Virtual Server function, described in next section. Please click NAT menu on the left of web management interface, then click Port Forwarding, and the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 13 91 9 Here are descriptions of every setup items:

Enable Port Forwarding (1):

Private IP (2):

Check this box to enable port mapping, and uncheck this box to disable port mapping. Input the IP address of the computer on local network which provides internet service. Computer Name (3): Pull down the menu and all the computers Type (4):

Port Range (5):

Comment (6):

connected to the router will be listed here. You can easily to select the computer name without checking the IP address of the computer. Select the type of connection, TCP or UDP. If youre not sure, please select Both. Input the starting port number in the left field, and input the ending port number in the right field. If you only want to redirect a single port number, just fill the port number in the left field. Please input any text to describe this mapping, up to 16 alphanumerical characters. Remove all inputted values. Add the mapping to port forwarding table. Add (7):

Reset (8):

Port Forwarding All existing port forwarding mappings will Table (9):

Delete (10):

be displayed here. Please select a port forwarding mapping by clicking the Select box of the mapping, then click Delete Selected button to remove the mapping. If theres no existing mapping, this button will be grayed out. 92 Delete all mappings existed in virtual server table. Delete All (11):

Reset (12):

After you finish with all settings, please click Apply (13) button and the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

Unselect all mappings. Please click Continue to back to previous setup menu; to continue on other setup procedures, or click Apply to reboot the router so the settings will take effect (Please wait for about 30 seconds while router is rebooting). If you want to reset all settings in this page back to previously-saved value, please click Cancel button. 3-2-3 Virtual Server This function allows you to redirect a port on Internet IP address (on WAN port) to a specified port of an IP address on local network, so you can setup an Internet service on the computer on local network, without exposing it on Internet directly. You can also build many sets of port redirection, to provide many different Internet services on different local computers via a single Internet IP address. Please click NAT menu on the left of web management interface, then click Virtual Server, and the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

93 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 10 14 Here are descriptions of every setup items:

Enable Virtual Server (1):

Private IP (2):

Computer Name (3): Pull down the menu and all the computers Input the IP address of the computer which provides Internet service. Check this box to enable virtual server, and uncheck this box to disable virtual server. Private Port (4):

Type (5):

Public Port (6):

Comment (7):

Add (8):

connected to the router will be listed here. You can easily to select the computer name without checking the IP address of the computer. Input the port number of the IP address which provides Internet service. Select the type of connection, TCP or UDP. If youre not sure, please select Both. Please select the port number of Internet IP address which will be redirected to the port number of local IP address defined above. Please input any text to describe this mapping, up to 16 alphanumerical characters. Add the mapping to virtual server table. 94 Remove all inputted values. All existing virtual server mappings will be displayed here. Reset (9):

Virtual Server Table (10):

Delete (11):

Please select a virtual server mapping by clicking the Select box of the mapping, then click Delete Selected button to remove the mapping. If theres no existing mapping, this button will be grayed out. Delete all mappings existed in virtual server table. Delete All (12):

Reset (13):

After you finish with all settings, please click Apply (14) button and the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

Unselect all mappings. Please click Continue to back to previous setup menu; to continue on other setup procedures, or click Apply to reboot the router so the settings will take effect (Please wait for about 30 seconds while router is rebooting). If you want to reset all settings in this page back to previously-saved value, please click Cancel button. 95 3-2-4 Port Mapping for Special Applications Some applications require more than one connection a time; these applications wont work with simple NAT rules. In order to make these applications work, you can use this function to let these applications work. 1 2 3 4 7 5 6 8 9 11 12 13 14 10 Here are descriptions of every setup items:

Enable (1):

Check this box to enable special applications and uncheck this box to disable virtual server. IP Address (2):

Input the IP address of the computer which you want to open the ports. Computer Name (3): Pull down the menu and all the computers connected to the router will be listed here. You can easily to select the computer name without checking the IP address of the computer. TCP Port to Open (4): This is the out going (Outbound) range of TCP port numbers for this particular application. UDP Port to Open (5): This is the out going (Outbound) range of UDP port numbers for this particular application. Comment (6):

The description of this setting. 96 Popula Applications This section lists the more popular applications that require multiple connections. Select an application

(7):

from the Popular Applications selection and click Add to save the setting to Current Trigger-Port Table. Add (8):

Reset (9):

Add the setting to the Current Trigger-Port Table. Click Reset will clear all above setting and you can set up again. Current Trigger-Port All the settings for the special applications will be

(10):

listed here. If you want to remove some Special Application settings from the " Current Trigger-Port Table", select the Special Application settings you want to remove in the table and then click "Delete Selected". If you want remove all Special Appliacation settings from the table, just click

"Delete All" button. Click "Reset" will clear your current selections. Please select a special application by clicking the Select box of the mapping, then click Delete Selected button to remove the setting. If theres no setting here, this button will be grayed out. Delete (11):

Unselect all settings. Delete all settings existed in trigger port table. Delete All (12):

Reset (13):

Note: Only one LAN client can use a particular special application at a time. After you finish with all settings, please click Apply (14) button and the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

97 Please click Continue to back to previous setup menu; to continue on other setup procedures, or click Apply to reboot the router so the settings will take effect (Please wait for about 30 seconds while the router is rebooting). If you want to reset all settings in this page back to previously-saved value, please click Cancel button. 3-2-5 UPnP Setting This function enables network auto-configuration for peer-to-peer communications, with this function, network devices will be able to communicate with other devices directly, and learn about information about other devices. Many network device and applications rely on UPnP function nowadays. Please click NAT menu on the left of web management interface, then click UPnP, and the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

There is only one option in this page, please select Enable or Disable to enable or disable UPnP function, then click Apply button, and the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

98 Please click Continue to back to previous setup menu; to continue on other setup procedures, or click Apply to reboot the router so the settings will take effect (Please wait for about 30 seconds while router is rebooting). If you want to reset all settings in this page back to previously-saved value, please click Cancel button. 3-2-6 ALG Settings Application Layer Gateway (ALG) is a special function of this router. It includes many preset routing rules for numerous applications which require special support. With these supports, those applications which required special support will be able to work with NAT architecture. Please click NAT menu on the left of web management interface, then click ALG Settings, and the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

99 There are many applications listed here. Please check the box of the special support for applications you need, and then click Apply button and the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

Please click Continue to back to previous setup menu; to continue on other setup procedures, or click Apply to reboot the router so the settings will take effect (Please wait for about 30 seconds while router is rebooting). If you want to reset all settings in this page back to previously-saved value, please click Cancel button. 100 3-3 Firewall Excepting NAT, this router also provides firewall function to block malicious intruders from accessing your computers on local network. These functions include inbound attack prevention, and block outbound traffics, like block URLs which have pre-defined keywords. Please follow the following instructions to enable or disable firewall function:

Please click Firewall menu on the left of web management interface, and the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

Please select Enable or Disable to enable or disable firewall function of this router, the click Apply button, and the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

Please click Continue to back to previous setup menu; to continue on other setup procedures, or click Apply to reboot the router so the 101 settings will take effect (Please wait for about 30 seconds while router is rebooting). 3-3-1 Access Control This function allows or denies computers with specific MAC address from connecting to the network; it can also allow or deny computers with specific IP address, protocol, or port. Please click Firewall menu on the left of web management interface, then click Access Control, and the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

1 2 3 4 5 6 11 8 9 10 13 14 15 7 12 16 Here are descriptions of every setup items:

Enable MAC Filtering (1):

Check this box to enable MAC address based filtering, and please select Deny or Allow to decide the behavior of MAC filtering table. If you select deny, all MAC addresses listed in filtering table will be denied from connecting to the network;

if you select allow, only MAC addresses listed in filtering table will be able to connect to the network, and rejecting all other network devices. 102 Please input the MAC address of computer Client PC MAC address (2): or network device here, dash ( - ) or colon ( : ) are not required. (i.e. If the MAC address label of your wireless device indicates aa-bb-cc-dd-ee-ff or aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff, just input aabbccddeeff Computer Name (3): Pull down the menu and all the computers Comment (4):

Add (5):

connected to the router will be listed here. You can easily to select the computer name without checking the IP address of the computer. You can input any text here as the comment of this MAC address, like ROOM 2A Computer or anything. You can input up to 16 alphanumerical characters here. This is optional and you can leave it blank, however, its recommended to use this field to write a comment for every MAC addresses as a memory aid. Click Add button to add the MAC address and associated comment to the MAC address filtering table. Remove all inputted values. Reset (6):

Current MAC Filtering Table (7): will be listed here. Delete (8):

All existing MAC addresses in filtering table Delete All (9):

Reset (10):

If you want to delete a specific MAC address entry, check the select box of the MAC address you want to delete, then click Delete Selected button. (You can select more than one MAC addresses). If you want to delete all MAC addresses listed here, please click Delete All button. You can also click Reset button to unselect all MAC addresses. 103 Enable IP Filtering (11): filtering, and please select Deny or Allow Check this box to enable IP address based to decide the behavior of IP filtering table. If you select deny, all IP addresses listed in filtering table will be denied from connecting to the network; if you select allow, only IP addresses listed in filtering table will be able to connect to the network, and rejecting all other network devices. All existing IP addresses in filtering table will be listed here. Click this button to add a new IP address to IP filtering table, up to 20 IP addresses can be added. Please refer to section 3-3-1-1 Add PC below. If you want to delete a specific IP address entry, check the select box of the IP address you want to delete, then click Delete Selected button. (You can select more than one IP addresses). IP Filtering Table (12):

Add PC (13):

Delete (14):

Delete All (15):

If you want to delete all IP addresses listed here, please click Delete All button. After you finish with all settings, please click Apply (16) button and the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

Please click Continue to back to previous setup menu; to continue on other setup procedures, or click Apply to reboot the router so the 104 settings will take effect (Please wait for about 30 seconds while router is rebooting). If you want to reset all settings in this page back to previously-saved value, please click Cancel button. 3-3-1-1 Add PC After button is clicked, the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

a b c d e f 105 Here are descriptions of every setup items:

Client PC Description (a):

Client PC IP address (b):

Please input any text to describe this IP address, up to 16 alphanumerical characters. Please input the starting IP address in the left field, and input the end IP address in the right field to define a range of IP addresses, or just input the IP address in the left field to define a single IP address. Client PC Service (c):

Protocol (d):

Port Range (e):

Add (f):

Please check all services you want to allow or deny this IP address to use, you can check multiple services. If the service you need is not listed above, you can create a new service on your own. Please select TCP or UDP, if youre not sure, please select Both. Please input the port range of new service here. If you want to specify port 80 to 90, please input 80-90; if you want to apply this rule on a single port, just input the port number, like 80. When you finish with all settings, please click Add to save settings, youll be brought back to previous menu, and the rule you just set will appear in current IP filtering table. If you want to remove all settings in this page, click Reset button. 3-3-2 URL Blocking If you want to prevent computers in local network from accessing certain website (like pornography, violence, or anything you want to block), you 106 can use this function to stop computers in local network from accessing the site you defined here. This function is useful for parents and company managers. Please follow the following instructions to set URL blocking parameters:

Please click Firewall menu on the left of web management interface, then click URL Blocking, and the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

1 3 4 2 5 6 7 8 9 Here are descriptions of every setup items:

Enable URL Blocking (1):

URL/Keyword (2): Input the URL (host name or IP address of website, Check this box to enforce URL Blocking, uncheck it to disable URL Blocking. Add (3):

Reset (4):

like http://www.blocked-site.com or http://11.22.33.44), or the keyword which is contained in URL (like pornography, cartoon, stock, or anything). Click Add button to add the URL / keyword to the URL / Keyword filtering table. Click Reset to remove the value you inputted in URL/Keyword field. 107 Current URL Blocking Table (5): table will be listed here. Delete (6):

All existing URL/Keywords in filtering If you want to delete a specific URL/Keyword entry, check the select box of the MAC address you want to delete, then click Delete Selected button. (You can select more than one MAC addresses). If you want to delete all URL/Keyword listed here, please click Delete All button. Delete All (7):

Reset (8):

You can also click Reset button to unselect all URL/Keywords. After you finish with all settings, please click Apply (9) button, and the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

Please click Continue to back to previous setup menu; to continue on other setup procedures, or click Apply to reboot the router so the settings will take effect (Please wait for about 30 seconds while router is rebooting). If you want to reset all settings in this page back to previously-saved value, please click Cancel button. 3-3-3 DoS Attack Prevention Denial of Service (DoS) is a common attack measure, by transmitting a great amount of data or request to your Internet IP address and server, the 108 Internet connection will become very slow, and server may stop responding because it is not capable to handle too much traffics. This router has a built-in DoS attack prevention mechanism; when you activate it, the router will stop the DoS attack for you. Please follow the following instructions to set DoS prevention parameters:

Please click Firewall menu on the left of web management interface, then click DoS, and the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

1 2 3 4 5 6 Here are descriptions of every setup items:

Ping of Death (1): Ping of Death is a special packet, and it will cause certain computer to stop responding. Check this box and the router will filter this kind of packet out. Discard Ping From WAN (2):

Ping is a common and useful tool to know the connection status of a specified remote network device, but some malicious intruder will try to fill your network bandwidth with a lot of PING request data packet, to make your internet connection become very slow, even unusable. Check this box and the router will ignore all inbound PING request, but when you activate this function, you will not be able to ping your own router from internet, too. 109 Port Scan (3):

Sync Flood (4):

Advanced Settings (5):

Some malicious intruder will try to use a port scanner to know how many ports of your Internet IP address are open, and they can collect a lot of valuable information by doing so. Check this box and the router will block all traffics which are trying to scan your Internet IP address. This is another kind of attack, which uses a lot of fake connection request to consume the memory of your server, and try to make your server become unusable. Check this box and the router will filter this kind of traffic out. Click this button and you can set advanced settings of the DoS prevention method listed above, please see section 3-3-3-1 DoS Advanced Settings below. After you finish with all settings, please click Apply (6) button and the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

Please click Continue to back to previous setup menu; to continue on other setup procedures, or click Apply to reboot the router so the settings will take effect (Please wait for about 30 seconds while router is rebooting). If you want to reset all settings in this page back to previously-saved value, please click Cancel button. 110 3-3-3-1 DoS - Advanced Settings When you click Advanced button in DoS menu, the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

a b c d e Here are descriptions of every setup items:

Ping of Death (a): Set the threshold of when this DoS prevention mechanism will be activated. Please check the box of Ping of Death, and input the frequency of threshold (how many packets per second, minute, or hour), you can also input the Burst value, which means when this number of Ping of Death packet is received in very short time, this DoS prevention mechanism will be activated. Check the box to activate this DoS prevention mechanism. Many kind of port scan methods are listed here, please check one or more DoS attack methods you want to prevent. Like Ping of Death, you can set the threshold of when this DoS prevention mechanism will be activated. 111 Discard Ping From WAN (b):

Port Scan (c):

Sync Flood (d):

After you finish with all settings, please click Apply (e) button and the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

Please click Continue to back to previous setup menu; to continue on other setup procedures, or click Apply to reboot the router so the settings will take effect (Please wait for about 30 seconds while router is rebooting). If you want to reset all settings in this page back to previously-saved value, please click Cancel button. 3-3-4 Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) refers to a special area in your local network. This area resides in local network, and all computers in this area uses private IP address, too. But these private IP addresses are mapped to a certain Internet IP address, so other people on Internet can fully access those computers in DMZ. Please follow the following instructions to set DMZ parameters:

Please click Firewall menu on the left of web management interface, then click DMZ, and the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

112 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 Here are descriptions of every setup items:

Enable DMZ (1): Check this box to enable DMZ function, uncheck this box to disable DMZ function. 7 Public IP address (2):

You can select Dynamic IP or Static IP here. If you select Dynamic IP, you have to select an Internet connection session from dropdown menu; if you select Static IP, please input the IP address that you want to map to a specific private IP address. Client PC IP address (3):

Computer Name (4): Pull down the menu and all the computers Please input the private IP address that the Internet IP address will be mapped to. Add (5):

Reset (6):

connected to the router will be listed here. You can easily to select the computer name without checking the IP address of the computer. Click Add button to add the public IP address and associated private IP address to the DMZ table. Click Clear to remove the value you inputted in Public IP address and Client PC IP address field. 113 Current DMZ Table (7): address mapping will be displayed here. Delete (8):

All existing public IP address and private IP If you want to delete a specific DMZ entry, check the select box of the DMZ entry you want to delete, then click Delete Selected button. (You can select more than one DMZ entries). Delete All (9):

Reset (10):

If you want to delete all DMZ entries listed here, please click Delete All button. You can also click Reset button to unselect all DMZ entries. After you finish with all settings, please click Apply (11) button and the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

Please click Continue to back to previous setup menu; to continue on other setup procedures, or click Apply to reboot the router so the settings will take effect (Please wait for about 30 seconds while router is rebooting). If you want to reset all settings in this page back to previously-saved value, please click Cancel button. 114 3-4 System Status The functions described here will provide you with system related information. To enter system status menu, please either click Status link located at the upper-right corner of web management interface, or click Status button in main menu. 3-4-1 System information and firmware version You can use this function to know the system information and firmware version of this router. Please click Status link located at the upper-right corner of web management interface, and the following message will be displayed on your web browser NOTE: Information displayed here may vary. 115 3-4-2 Internet Connection Status You can use this function to know the status of current Internet connection. Please click Internet Connection menu on the left of web management interface, and the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

This information will vary depending on the connection status. 3-4-3 Device Status You can use this function to know the status of your router. Please click Device Status menu on the left of web management interface, and the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

116 This information will vary depending on the device status. 3-4-4 System Log All important system events are logged. You can use this function to check the event log of your router. Please click System Log menu on the left of web management interface, and the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

1 2 3 117 Refresh the event log display. Save current event log to a text file. Delete all event logs displayed here. The system events will be displayed in this page, and here are descriptions of every buttons:

Save (1):

Clear (2):

Refresh (3):

3-4-5 Security Log All information about network and system security is kept here, and you can use this function to check the security event log of your router. Please click Security Log menu on the left of web management interface, and the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

1 2 3 The system events will be displayed in this page, and here are descriptions of every buttons:

Save (1):

Clear (2):

Refresh (3):

Delete all event logs displayed here. Save current event log to a text file. Refresh the event log display. 118 3-4-5 Active DHCP client list If youre using the DHCP server function of this router, you can use this function to check all active DHCP leases issued by this router. Please click Active DHCP client menu on the left of web management interface, and the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

All information about active DHCP leases issued by this router will be displayed here. You can click Refresh button to display latest information. 3-4-6 Statistics You can use this function to check the statistics of wireless, LAN, and WAN interface of this router. Please click Statistics menu on the left of web management interface, and the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

You can click Refresh button to display latest information. 119 3-5 Configuration Backup and Restore You can backup all configurations of this router to a file, so you can make several copied of router configuration for security reason. To backup or restore router configuration, please follow the following instructions:

Please click Tool located at the upper-right corner of web management interface, then click Configuration Tools on the left of web management interface, then the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

1 3 2 Here are descriptions of every buttons:

Backup Settings (1):

Restore Settings (2):

Press Save button, and youll be prompted to download the configuration as a file, default filename is config.bin, you can save it as another filename for different versions, and keep it in a safe place. Press Browse to pick a previously-saved configuration file from your computer, and then click Upload to transfer the configuration file to router. After the configuration is uploaded, the routers configuration will be replaced by the file you just uploaded. Restore to Factory Default (3): you made, and restore the configuration of this Click this button to remove all settings router back to factory default settings. 120 3-6 Firmware Upgrade The system software used by this router is called as firmware, just like any applications on your computer, when you replace the old application with a new one; your computer will be equipped with new function. You can also use this firmware upgrade function to add new functions to your router, even fix the bugs of this router. To upgrade firmware, please follow the following instructions:

Please click Tool located at the upper-right corner of web management interface, then click Firmware Upgrade on the left of web management interface, then the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

Please click Next, and the following message will be displayed:

Click Browse button first, youll be prompted to provide the filename of firmware upgrade file. Please download the latest firmware file from our 121 NOTE: Never interrupt the upgrade procedure by closing the web browser or physically disconnect your computer from router. If the firmware you uploaded is corrupt, the firmware upgrade will fail, and you may have to return this router to the dealer of purchase to ask for help. (Warranty voids if you interrupted the upgrade procedure). website, and use it to upgrade your router. After a firmware upgrade file is selected, click Apply button, and the router will start firmware upgrade procedure automatically. The procedure may take several minutes, please be patient. 3-7 System Reset If you think the network performance is bad, or you found the behavior of the router is strange, you can perform a router reset, sometime it will solve the problem. To do so, please click Tool located at the upper-right corner of web management interface, then click Reset on the left of web management interface, then the following message will be displayed on your web browser:

Please click Apply to reset your router, and it will be available again after few minutes, please be patient. 122 Chapter IV: Appendix 4-1 Hardware Specification SoC + RF: Ralink RT3050 Flash: 4MB SDRAM: 16MB WAN Port: 10/100M UTP Port x 1 LAN Ports: 10/100M UTP Port x 4 Antenna: 3dBi Dipole Antenna x 1 (1T1R ; 1 antenna is for signal transmitting and 1 antenna is for signal receiving) Power: 12VDC, 1A Switching Power Adapter Dimension: 30(H) x 157(W) x 127(D) mm Transmit Power: 11n: 15dBm1dBm, 11g: 15dBm1dBm, 11b: 18dBm1dBm, Temperature: 32~104F (0 ~ 40C) Humidity: 10-90% (NonCondensing) Certification: FCC, CE 123 4-2 Troubleshooting If you found the router is working improperly or stop responding to you, dont panic! Before you contact your dealer of purchase for help, please read this troubleshooting first. Some problems can be solved by you within very short time!

Scenario Router is not responding to me when I want to access it by web browser Solution a. Please check the connection of power cord and network cable of this router. All cords and cables should be correctly and firmly inserted to the router. b. If all LEDs on this router are off, please check the status of A/C power adapter, and make sure its correctly powered. c. You must use the same IP address section which router uses. d. Are you using MAC or IP address filter?

Try to connect the router by another computer and see if it works; if not, please restore your router to factory default settings (pressing reset button for over 10 seconds). e. Set your computer to obtain an IP address automatically (DHCP), and see if your computer can get an IP address. f. If you did a firmware upgrade and this happens, contact your dealer of purchase for help. g. If all above solutions dont work, contact the dealer of purchase for help. a. Go to Status -> Internet Connection menu, and check Internet connection status. b. Please be patient, sometime Internet is just that slow. c. If you connect a computer to Internet directly before, try to do that again, and check if you can get connected to Internet 124 Cant get connected to Internet with your computer directly attached to the device provided by your Internet service provider. d. Check PPPoE / L2TP / PPTP user ID and password again. e. Call your Internet service provide and check if theres something wrong with their service. f. If you just cant connect to one or more website, but you can still use other internet services, please check URL/Keyword filter. g. Try to reset the router and try again later. h. Reset the device provided by your Internet service provider too. i. Try to use IP address instead of hostname. If you can use IP address to communicate with a remote server, but cant use hostname, please check DNS setting. a. Broadcast ESSID set to off?

b. All two antennas are properly secured. c. Are you too far from your router? Try to get closer. d. Please remember that you have to input ESSID on your wireless client manually, if ESSID broadcast is disabled. a. Are you using QoS function? Try to disable it and try again. b. Internet is slow sometimes, being patient. c. Try to reset the router and see if its better after that. d. Try to know what computers do on your local network. If someones transferring big files, other people will think Internet is really slow. e. If this never happens before, call you Internet service provider to know if there is something wrong with their network. I cant locate my router by my wireless client File download is very slow or breaks frequently I cant log onto web a. Make sure youre connecting to the correct 125 management interface:

password is wrong Router become hot IP address of the router!

b. Password is case-sensitive. Make sure the Caps Lock light is not illuminated. c. If you really forget the password, do a hard reset. a. This is not a malfunction, if you can keep your hand on the routers case. b. If you smell something wrong or see the smoke coming out from router or A/C power adapter, please disconnect the router and A/C power adapter from utility power

(make sure its safe before youre doing this!), and call your dealer of purchase for help. a. Adjust the internal clock of router. The date and time of all event logs are wrong 126 4-3 Glossary Default Gateway (Router): Every non-router IP device needs to configure a default gateways IP address. When the device sends out an IP packet, if the destination is not on the same network, the device has to send the packet to its default gateway, which will then send it out towards the destination. DHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. This protocol automatically gives every computer on your home network an IP address. DNS Server IP Address: DNS stands for Domain Name System, which allows Internet servers to have a domain name (such as www.Broadbandrouter.com) and one or more IP addresses (such as 192.34.45.8). A DNS server keeps a database of Internet servers and their respective domain names and IP addresses, so that when a domain name is requested (as in typing "Broadbandrouter.com" into your Internet browser), the user is sent to the proper IP address. The DNS server IP address used by the computers on your home network is the location of the DNS server your ISP has assigned to you. DSL Modem: DSL stands for Digital Subscriber Line. A DSL modem uses your existing phone lines to transmit data at high speeds. Ethernet: A standard for computer networks. Ethernet networks are connected by special cables and hubs, and move data around at up to 10/100 million bits per second

(Mbps). Idle Timeout: Idle Timeout is designed so that after there is no traffic to the Internet for a pre-configured amount of time, the connection will automatically be disconnected. IP Address and Network (Subnet) Mask: IP stands for Internet Protocol. An IP address consists of a series of four numbers separated by periods, which identifies a single, unique Internet computer host in an IP network. Example: 192.168.2.1. It consists of 2 portions: the IP network address, and the host identifier. The IP address is a 32-bit binary pattern, which can be represented as four cascaded decimal numbers separated by .: aaa.aaa.aaa.aaa, where each aaa can be anything from 000 to 255, or as four cascaded binary numbers separated by .:

bbbbbbbb.bbbbbbbb.bbbbbbbb.bbbbbbbb, where each b can either be 0 or 1. 127 A network mask is also a 32-bit binary pattern, and consists of consecutive leading 1s followed by consecutive trailing 0s, such as 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000. Therefore sometimes a network mask can also be described simply as x number of leading 1s. When both are represented side by side in their binary forms, all bits in the IP address that correspond to 1s in the network mask become part of the IP network address, and the remaining bits correspond to the host ID. For example, if the IP address for a device is, in its binary form, 11011001.10110000.10010000.00000111, and if its network mask is, 11111111.11111111.11110000.00000000 It means the devices network address is 11011001.10110000.10010000.00000000, and its host ID is, 00000000.00000000.00000000.00000111. This is a convenient and efficient method for routers to route IP packets to their destination. ISP Gateway Address: (see ISP for definition). The ISP Gateway Address is an IP address for the Internet router located at the ISP's office. ISP: Internet Service Provider. An ISP is a business that provides connectivity to the Internet for individuals and other businesses or organizations. LAN: Local Area Network. A LAN is a group of computers and devices connected together in a relatively small area (such as a house or an office). Your home network is considered a LAN. MAC Address: MAC stands for Media Access Control. A MAC address is the hardware address of a device connected to a network. The MAC address is a unique identifier for a device with an Ethernet interface. It is comprised of two parts: 3 bytes of data that corresponds to the Manufacturer ID (unique for each manufacturer), plus 3 bytes that are often used as the products serial number. NAT: Network Address Translation. This process allows all of the computers on your home network to use one IP address. Using the broadband routers NAT capability, you can access the Internet from any computer on your home network without having to purchase more IP addresses from your ISP. Port: Network Clients (LAN PC) uses port numbers to distinguish one network application/protocol over another. Below is a list of common applications and protocol/port numbers:

128 23 21 25 110 1720 161 162 80 1723 5631 5632 Application Protocol Port Number TCP Telnet TCP FTP TCP SMTP TCP POP3 TCP H.323 UCP SNMP SNMP Trap UDP HTTP TCP PPTP TCP PC Anywhere TCP PC Anywhere UDP PPPoE: Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet. Point-to-Point Protocol is a secure data transmission method originally created for dial-up connections; PPPoE is for Ethernet connections. PPPoE relies on two widely accepted standards, Ethernet and the Point-to-Point Protocol. It is a communications protocol for transmitting information over Ethernet between different manufacturers Protocol: A protocol is a set of rules for interaction agreed upon between multiple parties so that when they interface with each other based on such a protocol, the interpretation of their behavior is well defined and can be made objectively, without confusion or misunderstanding. Router: A router is an intelligent network device that forwards packets between different networks based on network layer address information such as IP addresses. Subnet Mask: A subnet mask, which may be a part of the TCP/IP information provided by your ISP, is a set of four numbers (e.g. 255.255.255.0) configured like an IP address. It is used to create IP address numbers used only within a particular network (as opposed to valid IP address numbers recognized by the Internet, which must be assigned by InterNIC). TCP/IP, UDP: Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and Unreliable Datagram Protocol (UDP). TCP/IP is the standard protocol for data 129 transmission over the Internet. Both TCP and UDP are transport layer protocol. TCP performs proper error detection and error recovery, and thus is reliable. UDP on the other hand is not reliable. They both run on top of the IP (Internet Protocol), a network layer protocol. WAN: Wide Area Network. A network that connects computers located in geographically separate areas (e.g. different buildings, cities, countries). The Internet is a wide area network. Web-based management Graphical User Interface (GUI): Many devices support a graphical user interface that is based on the web browser. This means the user can use the familiar Netscape or Microsoft Internet Explorer to Control/configure or monitor the device being managed. 130