L i n k N e t L i n k N e t L i n k N e t L i n k N e t L N K A 1 0 0 , L N K A 4 0 0 , L N K A 8 0 0 L N K A 1 0 0 , L N K A 4 0 0 , L N K A 8 0 0 L N K A 1 0 0 , L N K A 4 0 0 , L N K A 8 0 0 L N K A 1 0 0 , L N K A 4 0 0 , L N K A 8 0 0 R F B R O A D B A N D R F B R O A D B A N D R F B R O A D B A N D R F B R O A D B A N D A M P L I F I E R M O D U L E S A M P L I F I E R M O D U L E S A M P L I F I E R M O D U L E S A M P L I F I E R M O D U L E S U S E R M A N U A L U S E R M A N U A L U S E R M A N U A L U S E R M A N U A L I N S T A L L A T I O N , O P E R A T I O N I N S T A L L A T I O N , O P E R A T I O N I N S T A L L A T I O N , O P E R A T I O N I N S T A L L A T I O N , O P E R A T I O N A N D M A I N T E N A N C E A N D M A I N T E N A N C E A N D M A I N T E N A N C E A N D M A I N T E N A N C E KAVAL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES 60 Gough Road Markham, Ontario, L3R 8X7 Telephone: (888) 86-KAVAL Web: www.kaval.com E-mail: info@kaval.com Document #DCM000000054, Rev.12 December 15, 2003 LinkNet LNKA RF MODULES USER MANUAL DCM000000054 PPPPPPPP RRRRRRRR OOOOOOOO PPPPPPPP RRRRRRRR IIIIIIII EEEEEEEE TTTTTTTT AAAAAAAA RRRRRRRR YYYYYYYY SSSSSSSS TTTTTTTT AAAAAAAA TTTTTTTT EEEEEEEE MMMMMMMM EEEEEEEE NNNNNNNN TTTTTTTT 2000 KAVAL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES All rights reserved. No part of this publication, or any software included with it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, electronic, mechanical, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holder. This document contains proprietary information of KAVAL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES The contents are confidential and any disclosure to persons other than the officers, employees, agents or subcontractors of the owner or licensee of this document, without the prior written consent of KAVAL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES, is strictly prohibited. KAVAL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES provides this document as is, without any warranty of any kind either expressed or implied including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness of a particular purpose. KAVAL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES may make changes or improvements in the equipment, software, or specifications described in this document at any time and without notice. These changes will be incorporated in new releases of this document. This document may contain technical inaccuracies or typographical errors. KAVAL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES waives responsibility for any labour, materials, or costs incurred by any person or party as a result of using this document. KAVAL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES, and any of its affiliates shall not be liable for any damages (including, but not limited to, consequential, indirect or incidental, special damages or loss of profits or date) even if they were foreseeable and KAVAL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES has been informed of their potential occurrence, arising out of or in connection with this document or its use. TTTTTTTT RRRRRRRR AAAAAAAA DDDDDDDD EEEEEEEE MMMMMMMM AAAAAAAA RRRRRRRR KKKKKKKK NNNNNNNN OOOOOOOO TTTTTTTT IIIIIIII CCCCCCCC EEEEEEEE This manual makes reference to trademarks that are the property of other companies. References are used only to refer to the products or services of the trademark owners. LinkNet is a trademark of KAVAL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES Printed: 2003-12-15 10:19:33 Revision Date: 12/15/03:
ii LinkNet LNKA RF MODULES USER MANUAL DCM000000054 T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S LNKA MODULES...................................... 4 1. OVERVIEW.............................................................. 4 Theory Of Operation ......................................... 4 MODELS................................................................. 4 BLOCK DIAGRAM ..................................................... 5 LNKA RF Module .............................................. 5 MODULE SPECIFICATIONS ....................................... 6 OPERATION ............................................................ 7 Software Set-up ................................................ 7 Configuration..................................................... 7 De-Rating Chart ................................................ 8 Power On Self Test (POST).............................. 9 Fault Indications................................................ 9 Normal Operation............................................ 10 ANTENNA INSTALLATION........................................ 12 FCC INFORMATION TO USERS............................... 13 Printed: 2003-12-15 10:19:33 Revision Date: 12/15/03:
iii LinkNet LNKA RF MODULES USER MANUAL DCM000000054 1 . L N K A M O D U L E S Overview Theory Of Operation A LINKNET AMPLIFIER MODULE is a Broad-Band Digitally Controlled Class-A Amplifier. The most common LINKNET AMPLIFIER MODULE applications are the extension of above ground signals into buildings, tunnels, vehicles or the extension of radio coverage patterns into outdoor shaded areas such as deep valleys. From an applications standpoint, an LINKNET AMPLIFIER MODULE is very similar to a regular two-way radio repeater. On Frequency Radio Repeaters can be combined using regular two-way radio multicoupling or duplexing equipment and have input and output signal characteristics to those of regular transmitters and receivers. The one special consideration in LINKNET AMPLIFIER MODULE systems is that of input to output antenna isolation. This must be carefully engineered for each installation. These Modules are designed for indoor use only and are intended for mounting in a standard EIA 19 inch rack. Modular design of LINKNET AMPLIFIER MODULE circuitry allows for easy servicing, stocking of spares, adaptability and upgrade ability. Models LNKA MODULE FAMILY TYPE FREQUENCY MODEL LNKA100-A Broadband Amplifier LNKA100-B Broadband Amplifier LNKA400-A Broadband Amplifier LNKA400-B Broadband Amplifier LNKA800-A LNKA800-B LNKA800-C LNKA800-D LNKA800-E Broadband Amplifier Broadband Amplifier Broadband Amplifier Broadband Amplifier Broadband Amplifier 136-155 MHz 150-174 MHz 403-430 MHz Future Release 450-512 MHz Future Release 806-824 MHz 851-869 MHz 824-849 MHz 869-894 MHz 896-901 MHz LNKA800-F Broadband Amplifier 928-940 MHz Capable 929-930 / 935-940 FCC Approved Revision Date:12/15/03 4 Printed: 03.12.15,10:19 LinkNet LNKA RF MODULES USER MANUAL DCM000000054 Block diagram LNKA RF Module RF Output Amplifier Board SMA RF Connector Linear Power Amplifier Filter Filter Digital Gain Control Gain Control AGC Gain Control Loop UMC Controller Board without TCXO Power Circuits Communication Interfaces Micro-
Controller with lines to all Boards Power &
Control to Backplane RF Input SMA RF Connector Printed: 03.12.15,10:19 Revision Date:12/15/03 5 LinkNet LNKA RF MODULES USER MANUAL DCM000000054 Module Specifications Frequency Bands Modulation & Channel Spacing RF Output Power Capability AGC Control Adjustment Range AGC Attack Time (10%-90%) AGC Decay Time (90%-10%) RF Gain Adjustment Range Gain Variation over Passband Max RF Input Noise Figure Maximum RF Input Transmit Duty Cycle Transmit Spurious Receive Conducted Spurious Group Delay Input Return Loss RF Connectors Module Power Supply Requirements Connections Front Panel Indicators Configuration Options Operating Temperature Range Operating Humidity Range Size & Weight FCC Identifiers Industry Canada Certifications See Model Chart Broadband Amplifiers 1dB Compression Point = +37 dBm Typical IP3 Intermodulation = +47 dBm Typical
+15 to +30 dBm or Disabled 0.5 - 5 mS Typical 50 - 200 mS Typical
+34 to +84 dB in 1 dB Steps 2 dB Maximum
+3 dBm with Min Gain & Max RF Out
<8 dB, 5 dB Typical Output Level from De-rating Chart minus the Gain. As an example, for 1 FM Carrier (+37 dBm) at minimum Gain (+34 dB) the Maximum RF Input is +3 dBm. Continuous
-13 dBm max
-57 dBm Max
< 200 nS
(< 100 nS Variation across Passband)
>14 dB SMA (50 ) Connectors 40 Watts Maximum Edge Connector & 2 SMA RF Connectors, DB-15 Connector on back of Card-Cage provides per-
Module Fault Relay, Interconnect to other Modules, & RS-232 Connection Operating, Stand by, Fault, Program Mode RF Modules may be configured either via the optional Controller Module, or via a PC and an RS-232 Connection via the Card-Cage.
-10 to +50oC; consult Manual DCM000000008 for cooling requirements 10 to 90% RH, Non-Condensing 9.11 High, 2.00 Wide, 14.00 Deep, 10 lbs, 4.5 kg Max FCC: H6M-LNKA100 H6M-LNKA400 H6M-LNKA800 1541A-LNKA100 VHF (pending) IC:
1541A-LNKA400 UHF (pending) 1541311246A VHF (pending) UHF (pending) 800-900MHz 800-900MHz Also consult the main LinkNet Manual DCM000000008. Printed: 03.12.15,10:19 Revision Date:12/15/03 6 Operation LinkNet LNKA RF MODULES USER MANUAL DCM000000054 Software Set-up LNKA modules are shipped with the following factory set options:
OPTION Frequency Gain AGC RANGE OF VALUES DEFAULT VALUE See Model Chart
+34 to +84 dB
+15 to +30 dBm or Disabled Order Specific
+34 dB
+30 dBm On Module Enabled On / Off Default values may be changed when an order is placed. Check your order confirmation (shipped with modules) for customized values. In line with the versatility of the LinkNetTM Platform, it is possible to re-configure the LNKA module in the field. For further information on the modification software and the PC adapter, contact KAVAL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES by E-mail:
info@kaval.com Configuration In line with the versatility of the LinkNetTM Platform, it is possible to re-configure the LNKA module in the field, either with a Personal Computer (PC) or via the optional Control Module. To use a PC it is necessary to have a Kaval CAB000000057 Control Cable to connect between the appropriate Module's DB15 connector on the back of the Card-Cage and the standard DB9 RS232 Connector on the PC. On the PC a terminal emulation program such as HyperTerminal is used to communicate to the LinkNet Module. The settings are 9600 baud, 8 bits, no parity, and 1 stop bit. Commands are one or two words followed by pressing Return. Commands may be given in upper or lower-case. Available commands are... ACCESS USER:
HELP or ?:
LIST:
VER:
ENABLE 1 or 0:
GAIN ###:
AGCTHRESH ###:
AGCEN 1 or 0:
Required as a simple password to gain access to customer settable parameters and diagnostics; This will time-out after 10 minutes, and may have to be re-typed. Displays a list of Available Commands. Displays Current Settings and Status Faults, Etc. Display the current Version of Software. Enables or Disables the Module. Displays or Sets the Module Gain (in tenths of a dB). Displays or Sets the AGC Level (in tenths of a dBm). Enables or Disables AGC. Please consult Kaval Wireless Technologies for further support. Printed: 03.12.15,10:19 Revision Date:12/15/03 7 LinkNet LNKA RF MODULES USER MANUAL DCM000000054 De-Rating Chart To maintain the FCC Spurious Emissions limit of -13 dBm maximum, for multiple carriers it is necessary to de-rate their power level. For FM carriers, they need to be de-rated as shown... Number of Carriers Power per Carrier 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 15 20 25 30
+37 dBm
+26 dBm
+24 dBm
+22 dBm
+20 dBm
+19 dBm
+18 dBm
+17 dBm
+16 dBm
+15 dBm
+13 dBm
+11 dBm
+10 dBm
+9 dBm For complex CDMA, TDMA, GSM, etc. carriers, typically de-rate by a further 3 to 5 dB. Consult Kaval for more information. Printed: 03.12.15,10:19 Revision Date:12/15/03 8 LinkNet LNKA RF MODULES USER MANUAL DCM000000054 Power On Self Test (POST) Each Module automatically performs a self-diagnostics when inserted into the system Card-cage. These tests determine that the unit is a) correctly installed in the Card-cage and b) not damaged in transit. All six of the LEDs on the front panel will flash 3 times If the LEDs do NOT flash three times, then remove the module, check the power If the card is OK the LEDs will continue normally. (See Normal Operation) If there is a fault, then the Red Fault LED will remain on. If this occurs, contact source, and re-insert the module, (See Installation Instructions). your KAVAL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES Service Representative, (See Warranty / RMA Procedures). The Power On Self Test is Not an RF test, it only verifies that there is power to the unit and that the logical circuitry is functioning. Fault Indications Each Module continuously performs internal diagnostics. If a problem is detected it will activate its Red Fault LED and Fault Relay. Faults detected include... Over Temperature Misc. Internal Faults Detailed Faults are detected by the optional Gateway Module. Details may also be determined via the Module's Control Port Connector and an RS232 connected Terminal Emulator using the LIST command. Printed: 03.12.15,10:19 Revision Date:12/15/03 9 LinkNet LNKA RF MODULES USER MANUAL DCM000000054 Normal Operation The LNKA Module has six LEDs on the faceplate:
1. OPERATING - Operating normally. 2. STANDBY Under the control of the Gateway Module. 3. TRANSMIT No function on these Modules. 4. RECEIVE No function on these Modules. 5. PROGRAM This LED will be constant Amber when the unit is being re-
programmed by the Controller Module. This will signify that the unit is powered on but unavailable for use. 6. FAULT Red LED, If the internal diagnostics for the module detect a problem, then this LED will remain on Printed: 03.12.15,10:19 Revision Date:12/15/03 10 LinkNet LNKA RF MODULES USER MANUAL DCM000000054 LINKNET LNKA AMPLIFIER MODULE Printed: 03.12.15,10:19 Revision Date:12/15/03 11 Antenna Installation LinkNet LNKA RF MODULES USER MANUAL DCM000000054 satisfying FCC RF Exposure Compliance requirements. All Antenna Installation to be performed by Qualified Technical Personnel only. Antenna Installation Instructions and locations below are for the purpose of Note that if multiple LinkNet Modules are used, the Instructions below apply to the composite power output of all Modules when transmitting simultaneously. The Roof Top Antenna or Antennae for linking to the Donor Site(s) is/are directional (high gain) Antennae, fixed-mounted physically on the side or top of a building, or on a tower. The Antenna Gain must be no more than 20 dBi. If multiple LinkNet Modules are used with output combiners into any one Antenna, and/or multiple Antennae are used on one Roof Top, then the sum of composite powers into all Roof Top Antennae must not exceed 20 Watts maximum. Please consult Kaval Wireless for assistance as required. The Roof Top Antennae location should be such that only Qualified Technical Personnel can access it, and that under normal operating conditions no other person can touch the Antenna, or approach within 10 meters of the Antenna. For the Cellular Uplink Band (824-849 MHz) the Roof Top Antenna or Antennae for linking to the Donor Site(s) has the added restriction that the Effective Radiated Power (ERP) must not exceed 7 Watts (+38 dBm). Thus, if the AGC is set (as per the Carrier De-Rating Chart) to +28dBm as an example, the maximum allowed Antenna Gain must be no more than 10 dBi. The In-Building Antenna connection is via a coaxial cable distribution system with Signal Taps at various points connected to the fixed-mounted Indoor Antennae. This is shown in the figure in the Introduction. The Indoor Antennae are simple 1/4 Wavelength (0 dB Gain) types. They are used with KAVAL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES 12, 16, or 20 dB Cable Taps. As such the maximum EIRP will be at the first Tapped Antenna, which will be 12 dB below the maximum signal level of the LinkNet (+40 dBm); +28 dBm, or 0.63 Watts EIRP. If multiple LinkNet Modules are used with output combiners, then the composite power output of all Modules transmitting simultaneously must meet this maximum EIRP requirement. Please consult Kaval Wireless for assistance as required. These Antennae are to be installed such that no person can touch the Antenna, or approach within 0.2 Meters. Printed: 03.12.15,10:19 Revision Date:12/15/03 12 LinkNet LNKA RF MODULES USER MANUAL DCM000000054 ANTENNA INSTALLATION WARNING ALL ANTENNA INSTALLATION IS TO BE PERFORMED BY QUALIFIED TECHNICAL PERSONNEL ONLY. ANTENNA INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS AND LOCATIONS ARE FOR THE PURPOSE OF SATISFYING FCC RF EXPOSURE COMPLIANCE REQUIREMENTS, AND ARE NOT OPTIONAL. ALL ROOF TOP ANTENNA INSTALLATION MUST BE SUCH THAT NO PERSON CAN TOUCH THE ANTENNA, OR APPROACH CLOSER THAN 10 METERS. ALL IN-BUILDING ANTENNAE INSTALLATIONS MUST BE SUCH THAT NO PERSON CAN TOUCH THE ANTENNAE, OR APPROACH CLOSER THAN 0.2 METERS. FCC Information to Users This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provided reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense. WARNING CHANGES OR MODIFICATIONS NOT EXPRESSLY APPROVED BY KAVAL COULD VOID THE USERS AUTHORITY TO OPERATE THE EQUIPMENT. Printed: 03.12.15,10:19 Revision Date:12/15/03 13