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TempConfidential User Manual scope function only | Users Manual | 723.53 KiB | ||||
1 2 3 4 |
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Users Manual Part 1 Rev 1 | Users Manual | 4.03 MiB | November 11 2014 | |||
1 2 3 4 |
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Users Manual Part 2 | Users Manual | 4.75 MiB | November 11 2014 | |||
1 2 3 4 | Cover Letter(s) | |||||||
1 2 3 4 | Cover Letter(s) | |||||||
1 2 3 4 | Test Report | |||||||
1 2 3 4 | Cover Letter(s) | |||||||
1 2 3 4 | External Photos | |||||||
1 2 3 4 | Test Setup Photos | |||||||
1 2 3 4 | Test Report | |||||||
1 2 3 4 | Test Setup Photos | |||||||
1 2 3 4 | Attestation Statements | November 11 2014 | ||||||
1 2 3 4 | Test Report | November 11 2014 | ||||||
1 2 3 4 | Test Setup Photos | November 11 2014 | ||||||
1 2 3 4 | Cover Letter(s) | November 11 2014 | ||||||
1 2 3 4 | Cover Letter(s) | November 11 2014 | ||||||
1 2 3 4 | External Photos | November 11 2014 | ||||||
1 2 3 4 | ID Label/Location Info | November 11 2014 | ||||||
1 2 3 4 | Test Report | November 11 2014 | ||||||
1 2 3 4 | Cover Letter(s) | November 11 2014 | ||||||
1 2 3 4 | Test Setup Photos | November 11 2014 |
1 2 3 4 | TempConfidential User Manual scope function only | Users Manual | 723.53 KiB |
HF/VHF/UHF All Mode TrAnsceiVer FT-991A operATing MAnUAl YAESU MUSEN CO., LTD. Tennozu Parkside Building 2-5-8 Higashi-Shinagawa, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-0002 Japan YAESU USA 6125 Phyllis Drive, Cypress, CA 90630, U.S.A. YAESU UK Unit 12, Sun Valley Business Park, Winnall Close Winchester, Hampshire, SO23 0LB, U.K. FCC ID: K6620575X50 / IC: 511B-20575X50YAESU MUSEN CO., LTD. convenience features Scope The SCOPE function provides a spectrum display of the band conditions. Both strong and weak signals can be clearly displayed on the TFT screen. In the MANUAL mode, the scope frequency spectrum is scanned one time and displayed. In the Continuous Sweeping mode, the scope spectrum is repeatedly swept and displayed. The scope sweep and span may be optimized according to your preferences and purposes. Touch [SWEEP] on the LCD to display the band condi-
tions (spectrum). The transceiver is equipped with two types of sweep-
ing mode: MANUAL mode and Continuous sweeping mode. Refer to the advice below to select the optimal mode according to your preferences and purposes. Reception frequency Transmission frequency Advice:
Spectrum display mode or Waterfall display mode may be selected in Menu item 117 SCP DISPLAY MODE. Width of scope display may be set in Menu item 118 SCP SPAN FREQ. Color of the SPECTRUM display may be set in Menu item 119 SPECTRUM COLOR. Color of the WATER FALL display may be set in Menu item 120 WATER FALL COLOR. Page 40 Lights up when transmission frequency is outside of the display range Reception frequency: Green Transmission frequency: Red Width of scope Example of waterfall display FT-991A OperATing MAnuAlFCC ID: K6620575X50 / IC: 511B-20575X50YAESU MUSEN CO., LTD. Copyright 2016 YAESU MUSEN CO., LTD. All rights reserved No portion of this manual may be reproduced without the permission of YAESU MUSEN CO., LTD. Printed in Japan FCC ID: K6620575X50 / IC: 511B-20575X50YAESU MUSEN CO., LTD.
1 2 3 4 | Users Manual Part 1 Rev 1 | Users Manual | 4.03 MiB | November 11 2014 |
HF/VHF/UHF All Mode TrAnsceiVer FT-991 operATing MAnUAl YAESU MUSEN CO., LTD. Tennozu Parkside Building 2-5-8 Higashi-Shinagawa, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-0002 Japan YAESU USA 6125 Phyllis Drive, Cypress, CA 90630, U.S.A. YAESU UK Unit 12, Sun Valley Business Park, Winnall Close Winchester, Hampshire, SO23 0LB, U.K. Table of Contents ......................................................... 1 Accessories & Options ................................................. 3 Supplied Accessories ................................................ 3 Available Options ..................................................... 4 Adjusting the Clock .................................................. 5 Resetting the Microprocessor ................................... 5 Installation and Interconnections ............................... 6 Antenna Considerations ........................................... 6 About Coaxial Cable ................................................ 6 Grounding ................................................................. 7 Connection of Antenna and Power Cables ............... 8 Connection of Microphone and Headphone ............. 9 Key, Keyer, and Computer-Driven Keying Interconnections ..................................................... 10 VL-1000 Linear Amplifier Interconnections .......... 11 Interfacing to Other Linear Amplifiers ................... 12 Front Panel Controls & Switches ............................. 13 Display Indications..................................................... 18 Rear Panel ................................................................... 21 MH-31A8J Microphone Switches ............................. 23 Optional FH-2 Switches ............................................. 24 Basic Operation: Receiving on Amateur Bands ...... 25 Operation on 60-Meter (5 MHz) Band (U.S. version only) ....................................................................... 28 CLAR (Clarifier) Operation ................................... 29 LOCK ..................................................................... 30 DIMMER ............................................................... 30 VFO COLOR ......................................................... 30 Band Stack Operation ............................................. 31 C.S (Custom Switch) .............................................. 31 Convenience Features ................................................ 31 SCOPE ................................................................... 32 More Frequency Navigation Techniques ............... 33 Receiver Operation (Front End Block Diagram) ... 34 ATT (AttenuAtor) .................................................. 35 Interference Rejection ............................................... 35 IPO (Intercept Point Optimization) ........................ 36 IF Noise Blanker (NB) Operation .......................... 37 CONTOUR Control Operation .............................. 38 IF SHIFT Operation (SSB/CW/RTTY/PKT Modes) .................................................................... 39 Table of ConTenTs WIDTH (IF DSP Bandwidth) Tuning (SSB/CW/
RTTY/DATA Modes) ............................................. 40 NARROW (NAR) One-Touch IF Filter Selection ................................................................. 41 IF NOTCH Filter Operation (SSB/CW/RTTY/
DATA/AM Modes) ................................................. 42 Digital NOTCH Filter (DNF) Operation ................ 43 Digital Noise Reduction (DNR) Operation ............ 43 Tools for Comfortable and Effective Reception ...... 44 RF Gain .................................................................. 44 Audio Peak Filter ................................................... 45 AGC (Automatic Gain Control) ............................. 46 Adjustable Receiver Audio Filter ........................... 47 SSB/AM Mode Transmission .................................... 48 ATU Operation ....................................................... 50 Using the Automatic Antenna Tuner ........................ 50 About ATU Operation ............................................ 51 PArAmetric microphone equAlizer (SSB/Am/Fm mode) ...................................................................... 52 Enhancing Transmit Signal Quality ......................... 52 Using the Speech Processor (SSB Mode) .............. 54 Adjusting the SSB Transmitted Bandwidth (SSB Mode) ..................................................................... 55 Voice Memory (SSB/AM/FM modes: Requires optional DVS-6 and FH-2) ................................ 56 Transmitter Convenience Features .......................... 56 VOX (SSB/AM/FM Modes: Automatic TX/RX Switching using Voice Control) ............................. 58 MONITOR (SSB/AM/FM modes) ......................... 59 Split-Frequency Operation ..................................... 60 Setup for Straight Key (and Straight Key emulation) Operation ................................................................ 61 CW Mode Operation ................................................. 61 Using the Built-in Electronic Keyer ....................... 62 CW Spotting (Zero-Beating) .................................. 65 CW Convenience Features ........................................ 65 CW Delay Time Setting ......................................... 66 Contest Memory Keyer (Using the Optional FH-2 Remote Control Keypad) ....................................... 67 Basic Operation ...................................................... 72 Page 1 FT-991 OperaTing Manual Table of ConTenTs FM Mode Operation .................................................. 72 Repeater Operation ................................................. 73 Tone Squelch Operation ......................................... 74 Memory Operation .................................................... 75 Convenient Memory functions ............................... 75 QMB (Quick Memory Bank) ................................. 75 Standard Memory Operation .................................. 76 Memory Groups ..................................................... 80 Operation on Alaska Emergency Frequency: 5167.5 khz (U.S. Version Only) ............................................. 81 VFO and Memory Scanning ..................................... 82 VFO Scanning ........................................................ 82 Memory Scan ......................................................... 83 PMS (Programmable Memory Scanning) ............... 84 RTTY (Radio Teletype) Operation ........................... 85 Example of Connecting RTTY Communications Device ..................................................................... 85 DATA (PSK) Operation ............................................. 86 Example of Data Communications Device ........... 86 Menu Mode ................................................................. 87 Specifications .............................................................. 91 Page 2 FT-991 OperaTing Manual aCCessories & opTions Hand Microphone (MH-31A8J) DC Power Cord Spare Fuse (25A) Operating Manual Warranty Card 1 pc 1 pc 1 pc 1 pc 1 pc Supplied AcceSSorieS A07890001 T9025225 Q0000074 Page 3 FT-991 OperaTing Manual Accessories & options MD-200A8X MD-100A8X YH-77STA FH-2 VL-1000/VP-1000 FC-40 FP-1030A CT-118 CT-39A CT Cable (MDIN10P - Bare Wire 2m) AvAilAble OptiOns Ultra-High-Fidelity Desktop Microphone Desktop Microphone Lightweight Stereo Headphone Remote Control Keypad Linear Amplifier/AC Power Supply External Automatic Antenna Tuner External Power Supply (13.8 VDC 25 A) VL-1000 Linear Amplifier Connection Cable Packet Interface Cable Linear Amplifier Connection Cable (P/N T9207451) MD-200A8X YH-77STA FH-2 VL-1000/VP-1000 FC-40 Page 4 FT-991 OperaTing Manual before You begin AdjuSting the clock Use the following procedure to adjust the clock shown at the top right of the LCD display. 1. Press and hold the MENU(SETUP) button. 2. Touch [TIME/DATE] on the LCD. 3. Enter the present time with the number keys on the MENU(SETUP) button LCD, then touch [ENT]. 4. Touch [DATE] on the LCD to switch the screen. 5. Enter month, day, and year with the number keys on the LCD, then touch [ENT]. 6. Touch [BACK] on the LCD to return to the setup 7. Press the MENU(SETUP) button to return to the LCD mode display. radio operation display. reSetting the MicroproceSSor reSetting MeMorieS (only) Use this procedure to reset (clear) the previously stored Memory channels, without affecting any configuration changes you may have made to the Menu settings. 1. Press the front panel ON/OFF switch to turn the transceiver off. 2. While holding the AM button in, press and hold in the front panel ON/OFF switch to turn the trans-
ceiver on. Once the transceiver comes on, you may release the buttons. Menu reSetting Use this procedure to restore the Menu settings to their factory defaults, without affecting the memories you have programmed. 1. Press the front panel ON/OFF switch to turn the transceiver off. 2. While holding the MENU(SETUP) button in, press and hold in the front panel ON/OFF switch to turn the transceiver on. Once the transceiver comes on, you may release the buttons. Full reSet Use this procedure to restore all Menu and Memory set-
tings to their original factory defaults. All Memories will be cleared by this procedure. 1. Press the front panel ON/OFF switch to turn the transceiver off. 2. While holding the FAST and LOCK buttons in, press and hold in the front panel ON/OFF switch to turn the transceiver on. Once the transceiver comes on, you may release the buttons. ON/OFF switch AM button ON/OFF switch MENU(SETUP) button FAST button ON/OFF switch LOCK button Page 5 FT-991 OperaTing Manual insTallaTion and inTerConneCTions AntennA conSiderAtionS The FT-991 is designed for use with any antenna system providing a 50 Ohm resistive impedance at the desired operat-
ing frequency. While minor excursions from the 50-Ohm specification are of no consequence, if the Standing Wave Ra-
tio (SWR) present at the Antenna jack is greater than 3:1, the transceivers Automatic Antenna Tuner may not be able to reduce the impedance mismatch to an acceptable value. Every effort should be made to ensure that the impedance of the antenna system be as close as possible to the specified 50-Ohm value. Note that the G5RV type antenna does not provide a 50-Ohm impedance on all HF Amateur bands. An external wide-range antenna coupler must be used with this antenna type. Any antenna to be used with the FT-991 must be fed from the transceiver with 50 Ohm coaxial cable. Therefore, when using a balanced antenna such as a dipole, remember that a balun or other matching/balancing device must be used to ensure proper antenna performance. The same precautions apply to any additional (receive-only) antennas connected to the antenna jacks. if your receive-
only antennas do not have impedance near 50 Ohms at the operating frequency, you may need to install an external an-
tenna tuner to obtain optimum performance. About coAxiAl cAble Use high-quality 50-Ohm coaxial cable for the lead-in to your FT-991 transceiver. All efforts at providing an efficient antenna system will be wasted if poor quality, lossy coaxial cable is used. This transceiver utilizes standard M (PL-
259) type connectors. typicAl pl-259 inStAllAtion Page 6 FT-991 OperaTing Manual insTallaTion and inTerConneCTions grounding The FT-991 transceiver, like any other HF communications apparatus, requires an effective ground system for maxi-
mum electrical safety and best communications effectiveness. A good ground system can contribute to station efficiency in a number of ways:
It can minimize the possibility of electrical shock to the operator. It can minimize RF currents flowing on the shield of the coaxial cable and the chassis of the transceiver. such cur-
rents may lead to radiation, which can cause interference to home entertainment devices or laboratory test equip-
ment. It can minimize the possibility of erratic transceiver/accessory operation caused by RF feedback and/or improper current flow through logic devices. An effective earth ground system may take several forms. for a more complete discussion, see an appropriate RF engi-
neering text. The information below is intended only as a guideline. Typically, the ground connection consists of one or more copper-clad steel rods, driven into the ground. If multiple ground rods are used, they should be positioned in a V configuration and bonded together at the base of the V which is nearest the station location. Use a heavy, braided cable (such as the discarded shield from type RG-213 coaxial cable) and strong cable clamps to secure the braided cable(s) to the ground rods. Be sure to weatherproof the connections to ensure many years of reliable service. Use the same type of heavy, braided cable for the connections to the station ground bus (described below). Inside the station, a common ground bus consisting of a copper pipe of at least 25 mm diameter should be used. An al-
ternative station ground bus may consist of a wide copper plate (single-sided circuit board material is ideal) secured to the bottom of the operating desk. Grounding connections from individual transceivers, power supplies, and data com-
munications devices (TNCs, etc.) should be made directly to the ground bus using a heavy, braided cable. Do not Daisy-Chain ground connections from one electrical device to another and thence to the ground bus. This method may nullify any attempt at effective radio frequency grounding. See the drawing below for examples of proper grounding techniques. Inspect the ground system - inside the station as well as outside - on a regular basis to ensure continued performance and safety. Besides following the above guidelines carefully, note that household or industrial gas lines must never be used in an attempt to establish an electrical ground. Cold water pipes may, in some instances, help in the grounding effort, but gas lines represent a significant explosion hazard, and must never be used. Transceiver Transceiver TNC TNC Transceiver Transceiver GND GND GND GND GND GND Linear Linear Amplifier Amplifier GND GND Linear Linear Amplifier Amplifier GND GND TNC TNC GND GND proper ground connection
"Daisy Chain"
"Daisy Chain"
iMproper ground connection Page 7 FT-991 OperaTing Manual insTallaTion and inTerConneCTions connection oF AntennA And power cAbleS Please follow the outline in the illustration regarding the proper connection of antenna coaxial cables, as well as the DC power cable. The DC power connector for the FT-991 must only be connected to a DC source providing 13.8 Volts DC (10
%), and capable of at least 23 Amperes of current. Always observe proper polarity when making DC connection:
The RED DC power lead connects to the Positive (+) DC terminal. The BLACK DC power lead connects to the Negative () DC terminal. To prevent damage from lightning, atmospheric elec-
tricity, electrical shock etc., please provide a good earth ground. U s e a s h o r t , thick, braided c a b l e t o c o n-
nect your station equipment to the buried ground rod (or alternative earth ground system). Check the DC volt-
age and current rating
(+13.8 V, 23 A) of the power supply before connecting to the transceiver. We recommend the use of the FP-1030A (USA market only) AC Power Supply. Other models of power supplies may be used with the FT-991, but the 13.8 VDC input voltage, 23 Ampere current capability, and DC cable polarity guide-
lines described above must be strictly followed. Note that other manufacturers may use the same type of DC power connections as does your FT-991 transceiver, how-
ever, the wiring configuration may be different from that specified for your transceiver. Serious damage can be caused if improper DC connections are made; consult with a qualified service technician when in doubt. The 100 V RF voltage (@100 W/50-ohm) is applied to the TX RF section of the transceiver while transmitting. Do not touch the TX RF section absolutely while transmitting. Permanent damage can result when improper supply voltage, or reverse-polarity voltage, is applied to the FT-
991. The Limited Warranty on this transceiver does not cover damage caused by application of AC voltage, re-
verse polarity DC, or DC voltage outside the specified range of 13.8 V 10 %. When replacing fuses, be certain to use a fuse of the proper rating. The FT-991 requires a 25 A blade fuse. Advice:
Do not position the FT-991 in a location with direct exposure to sunshine. Do not position the FT-991 in a location exposed to dust and/or high humidity. Ensure adequate ventilation around the FT-991, to prevent heat build-up and possible reduction of performance due to high heat. Do not install the FT-991 on an unstable desk or table. Do not place in a location where objects may fall onto it from above. To minimize the possibility of interference to home entertainment devices, take all precautionary steps including separation of TV/FM antennas from Amateur transmitting antennas to the greatest extent possible, and keep trans-
mitting coaxial cables separated from cables connected to home entertainment devices. Ensure that the DC power cord is not subject to undue stress or bending, which could damage the cable or cause it to be accidentally unplugged from the rear panel DC IN jack. Be certain to install your transmitting antenna(s) so they cannot possibly come in contact with TV/FM radio or other antennas, or with power or telephone lines. Page 8 FT-991 OperaTing Manual insTallaTion and inTerConneCTions connection oF Microphone And heAdphone DOWN UP
+5V MIC GND MIC PTT GND FAST Page 9 FT-991 OperaTing Manual insTallaTion and inTerConneCTions key, keyer, And coMputer-driven keying interconnectionS The FT-991 includes many features for the CW operator. These functions will be detailed in the Operation section later. Besides the built-in Electronic Keyer, two key jacks are provided, one on the front and one on the rear panel, for convenient connection to keying devices. The Menu selections allow you to configure the front panel KEY jack according to the device you wish to connect. For example, you may connect your keyer paddle to the front panel KEY jack, and use Menu item 018 F KEYER TYPE for paddle input. The KEY jack on the FT-991 utilize Positive keying voltage. Key-up voltage is approximately +3.3V DC, and key-
down current is approximately 4 mA. When connecting a key or other device to the KEY jack, use only a 3-contact
(stereo) 1/4 phone plug; a 2-contact plug will place a short between the ring and (grounded) shaft of the plug, result-
ing in a constant key-down condition in some circumstances. Page 10 FT-991 OperaTing Manual insTallaTion and inTerConneCTions vl-1000 lineAr AMpliFier interconnectionS Be sure that both the FT-991 and VL-1000 are turned off, and then follow the installation recommendations contained in the illustration. note:
Refer to the VL-1000 Operating Manual for details regarding amplifier operation. Do not attempt to connect or disconnect coaxial cables when your hands are wet. Coaxial Cable (50) Connect to INPUT 1 of the VL-1000 144/430MHz Antenna HF/50MHz Antenna z H M 0 3 4
/
4 4 1 T N A DC 13.8 V T U P N I z H M 0 5
/
F H T N A 1 T N A 2 T N A 3 T N A Set the front panels INPUT switch to the INPUT1. 1 T U P N I D N G I
/
N L N U T
/
C L A M E R CT-58 Band Data Cable (Option) CT-58 ALC Cable (Option) 1 A T A D D N A B
-
1 C L A D N G N I V 8 4 C D L O R T N O C 0 0 0 1
-
P V 0 0 0 1
-
P V To link the FT-991 and VL-
1000 Power switches, set the VL-1000 REMOTE switch to the ON position. Page 11 FT-991 OperaTing Manual insTallaTion and inTerConneCTions interFAcing to other lineAr AMpliFierS Coaxial Cable (50) Connect to INPUT of the linear amplifier 144/430MHz Antenna HF/50MHz Antenna z H M 0 5 F H
/
T N A z H M 0 3 4 4 4 1
/
T N A DC 13.8 V T U P N I D N G I
/
N L N U T T N A T U P N I D N G Linear Amplifier Connection Cable
(Option: T9207451) D N G C L A T X E D N G X T D N G note The TX GND OUT pin (pin 2) of the TUN/LIN jack is a transistor open collector circuit. It is capable of handling positive relay coil voltages up to +60VDC at 200 mA or +30 VDC at 1 A. If you plan to use multiple linear amplifiers for different bands, you must provide external band switching of the Linear Tx relay control line from the TX GND OUT line at the TUN/LIN jack. The specified range for ALC voltage to be used with the FT-991 is 0 to -4 Volts DC. Amplifier systems utilizing different ALC voltages will not work correctly with the FT-991, and their ALC lines must not be connected if this is the case. iMportAnt note!
Do not exceed the maximum voltage or current rat-
ings for the TX GND OUT pin (pin 2) of the TUN/
LIN jack. This line is not compatible with negative DC voltages, or AC voltages of any magnitude. Most amplifier control relay systems require only low DC voltage/current switching capability (typi-
cally, +12V DC at 25 ~ 75 mA), and the switching transistor in the FT-991 will easily accommodate such amplifiers. Page 12 FT-991 OperaTing Manual fronT panel ConTrols & swiTChes 1 2 3 4 ON/OFF Switch Press and hold in this switch for one second to turn the transceiver on. Similarly, press and hold in this switch for one second to turn the transceiver off. KEY Jack This 1/4-inch, 3-contact jack accepts a CW key or keyer paddles (for the built-in electronic keyer), or output from an external electronic keyer. Pinout is shown on page ##. Key up voltage is +3.3 V DC, and key down current is 4 mA. This jack may be configured for keyer, Bug, straight key, or computer keying interface operation via Menu item 011 F CW KEYER (see page ##). note:
You cannot use a 2-contact plug in this jack (to do so produces a constant key down condition). 5 6 9 8 7 PHONES Jack A 1/4-inch, 3-contact jack accepts either monaural or stereo headphones with 2- or 3-contact plugs. When a plug is inserted, the loudspeaker is disabled. note:
When wearing headphones, we recommend that you turn the AF Gain levels down to their lowest settings before turning power on, to minimize the impact on your hearing caused by audio pops during switch-
on. MIC Jack This 8-pin jack accepts input from a microphone uti-
lizing a traditional YAESU HF transceiver pinout. Page 13 FT-991 OperaTing Manual fronT panel ConTrols & swiTChes BAND Button These keys allow one-touch selection of the desired Amateur band (1.8 ~ 50 MHz). The keys may also be used for direct entry of a de-
sired operating frequency during VFO operation. MODE Button This button selects the operating mode. The selec-
tions available are:
LSB, USB, AM, CW (LSB), CW (USB), FM, RTTY (LSB), RTTY (USB), C4FM, DATA (LSB), DATA (USB), DATA (FM) This knob allows you to select the Menu items and MULTI Knob settings. F(M-LIST) Button F This button is used to display function list. The fol-
lowing functions can be accessed from the function list:
NAR/WIDE, NB, AGC, ATT, IPO, NOTCH, CONT, DNR, DNF, SHIFT, WIDTH, MOX, VOX, MONI, MIC-EQ, PROC, BK-IN, SPEED, SQL M-LIST Pressing and holding this button will show the mem-
ory channel list. ....... MENU(SETUP) Button MENU This button is used to access the Menu system. The various transceiver characteristics may be config-
ured. SETUP Pressing and holding this button will ....... Page 14 FT-991 OperaTing Manual fronT panel ConTrols & swiTChes 12 10 11 16 17 18 13 14 15 21 20 19 A=B Button Press this button momentarily to transfer the fre-
quency or memory channel data, from VFO-A to VFO-B, overwriting any previous contents in VFO-
B. Use this key to set both VFO-A and VFO-B to the same frequency and mode. A/B Button Pressing this button momentarily, exchanges the frequency or memory channel data, of VFO-A and VFO-B. RCL/STO Button Pressing this button, recalls one of up to five Quick Memory Bank memories for operation. RCL (Recall) STO (Store) Pressing this button copies the contents (frequency, mode, bandwidth, FM repeater offset, and CTCSS settings) of VFO-A, into consecutive QMB Memo-
ries. TUNE Button This is the on/off switch for the FT-991s Automatic Antenna Tuner. Pressing this button momentarily places the antenna tuner in line between the transmitter final amplifier and the antenna jack (The TUNER icon will ap-
pear in the display). Reception is not affected. Pressing and holding in this button for two seconds, while receiving in an amateur band, activates the transmitter for a few seconds while the automatic antenna tuner rematches the antenna system imped-
ance for minimum SWR. The resulting setting is au-
tomatically stored in one of the antenna tuners 100 memories for instant automatic recall later when the receiver is tuned near the same frequency. Pressing this button momentarily, while the Tuner is engaged, will take the Automatic Antenna tuner out of the transmit line. note:
When the Automatic Antenna Tuner is tuning itself, a signal is being transmitted. Therefore, be certain that an antenna or dummy load is connected to the selected antenna jack before pressing and holding in the TUNE button to start antenna tuning. Page 15 FT-991 OperaTing Manual fronT panel ConTrols & swiTChes V/M Button This button toggles frequency control between VFO-
A and the memory system. In memory mode, MEM
(Memory Channel) will be shown in the display to indicate the current selection. Pressing the V/M but-
ton displays the original memory frequency, and the MEM will be displayed. Pressing it once more returns frequency operation to VFO-A, and the icon will no longer be displayed. AM Button Pressing this button momentarily, displays the con-
tents of the currently-selected memory channel for 10 seconds. Pressing and holding in this key for one second (until the double beep) copies the current operating data into the currently selected memory channel, over-
writing any previous data stored there. SPLIT Button Press this button to operate split frequency between VFO-A (used for reception) and VFO-B (used for transmission). If you press and hold in the SPLIT button for one second, the Quick Split feature will be engaged. VFO-B transmit will automatically be set to a frequency 5 kHz higher than the VFO-A re-
ceive frequency, with the same operating mode. The transceiver will operate in the Split mode. C.S Button Press this button momentarily to directly recall a fa-
vorite Menu Selection. To program a Menu selection to the C.S button, press the MENU(SETUP) button to enter the Menu. Select the Menu item you want to set as the short cut. Press the C.S button, then press the MENU(SETUP) button; this will lock in the select-
ed Menu item as the short cut. TXW (TX Watch) Button Pressing and holding this button lets you monitor the transmit frequency when split frequency operation is engaged. Release the button to return to normal split frequency operation. FAST Button Pressing this button will change the tuning of the Main Tuning Dial knob (VFO-A) to a higher step rate. When this function is activated, the FAST indica-
tor in the LED indicators area illuminates. LOCK Button This button toggles locking on/off for the Main Tun-
ing Dial knob (VFO-A). With Lock on, the Main Tuning Dial knob can still be turned, but the fre-
quency will not change, and the LOCK indicator in the LED indicators area illuminates. CLAR Button RX Pressing this button activates the RX Clarifier. This will allow you to temporarily adjust the receive frequency up to 9.999 kHz with the CLAR/VFO-
B knob. Press this button once more to return the receiver to the original frequency; the Clarifier offset will be remembered, in case you want to use it again. To cancel the Clarifier offset, press the [CLEAR]
button. Pressing this switch during Split operation will change the tuning rate of the CLAR/VFO-B knob
(VFO-B) to 100 Hz/step. When this function is activated, the FAST indica-
tor in the LED indicators area illuminates. TX Pressing this button activates the TX Clarifier, to al-
low offsetting the transmit frequency temporarily. Press this button once more to return the transmit-
ter to the original frequency; the Clarifier offset will be remembered, though, in case you want to use it again. To cancel the Clarifier offset, press the
[CLEAR] button. Page 16 FT-991 OperaTing Manual fronT panel ConTrols & swiTChes 23 24 25 22 Main Tuning Dial Knob This large knob adjusts the operating frequency of VFO-A. Clockwise rotation of this knob increases the frequency. Default tuning increments are 10 Hz
(CW, SSB), 50 Hz (RTTY/DATA), 100 Hz (AM/
FM). When the FAST button is pressed, the tuning steps increases. The available steps are:
operAting Mode LSB/USB/CW AM/FM RTTY/DATA 1 diAl rotAtion 10 kHz (100 kHz) 100 kHz (1 MHz) 5 kHz (100 kHz) 10 Hz (100 Hz) 100 Hz (1 kHz) 5 Hz (100 Hz) 1 Step Numbers in parentheses indicate steps when the FAST button is On. CLAR/VFO-B Knob During the VFO-A operation, this knob tunes the Clarifier offset frequency up to 9.999 kHz. During Split operation, this knob adjusts the operat-
ing frequency of VFO-B. RF GAIN Knob The RF GAIN knob is the receiver RF gain control, which adjusts the gain of the receiver RF and IF amplifier stages. This control is normally left in the fully clockwise position. AF GAIN Knob The AF GAIN knob sets the receiver audio volume level. Typically, you will operate with this control set between the 9 oclock and 10 oclock positions. Page 17 FT-991 OperaTing Manual displaY indiCaTions LCD Display NAR REC PLAY This indicator appears whenever the receivers narrow IF DSP filter is engaged. This indicator appears while the optional Voice Memory Unit is recording your voice message, or the Contest Keyer is recording your CW keying. This indicator appears while the optional Voice Memory Unit is playing back the recorded voice message, or the recorded Contest CW keying. During FM repeater operation, a negative frequen-
cy shift will be indicated by [-] while a positive frequency shift will be indicated by [+]. DNR DNF This indicator appears whenever the Digital Noise Reduction feature is activated. This indicator appears whenever the Digital Notch Filter is activated. Mode Indicator Displays the current operating mode. VFO-A Frequency Display Shows the main band (VFO-A) frequency. Tuning Offset Indicator This indicates the relative offset of the CW-TUNE,
-TUNE, Clarifier, etc. Configuration Indicator This indicator appears when the internal Automatic Antenna Tuner is activated.
[+]/[-]
TUNER VOX PROC MIC EQ Page 18 This indicator appears when the automatic voice-
actuated transmitter switches in the SSB, AM, and FM modes. This indicator appears whenever the DSP Speech Processor is activated. This indicator appears whenever the Three-Band Parametric Microphone Equalizer is activated via the Menu. FT-991 OperaTing Manual VFO-B Frequency Display Shows the sub band (VFO-B) frequency during Split operation. S/PO Meter On reception, this indicates the received signal strength from S-0 to S-9+60dB. On transmission, this indicates the RF Power Output, from 0 to 150 Watts. Advice:
The S/PO meters can be set to the Peak-hold function (BAR type only) via the menu item 008 BAR MTR PEAK HOLD. displaY indiCaTions Scope Display Function Keys Clock Indicates the current time. Page 19 FT-991 OperaTing Manual displaY indiCaTions LED Indicators Sub Band RX/TX Indicators Green (Left):
This indicator illuminates when the receiver is ac-
tive on the main band (VFO-B). Red (Right):
This indicator illuminates when the transmitter is active on the main band (VFO-B). FAST/LOCK Indicators FAST:
This indicator appears when the Main Tuning Dial knob tuning rate is set to fast. LOCK:
This indicator appears when the Main Tuning Dial knob is locked. RX Indicator This indicator illuminates when the squelch opens. TX Indicator This indicator illuminates during transmission. Memory Mode RX/TX Indicators Green (Left):
This indicator illuminates when the receiver is ac-
tive on the memory channel. Red (Right):
This indicator illuminates when the transmitter is active on the memory channel. Main Band RX/TX Indicators Green (Left):
This indicator illuminates when the receiver is ac-
tive on the main band (VFO-A). Red (Right):
This indicator illuminates when the transmitter is active on the main band (VFO-A). Page 20 FT-991 OperaTing Manual rear panel 1 2 1 3 5 4 8 7 6 ANT Jack Connect your main antenna(s) here, using type-M
(PL-259) connectors and coaxial feed lines. The in-
ternal antenna tuner affects only the antenna(s) con-
nected here, and only during transmission. Warning!
The 100V RF voltage (@100 W/50 ) is applied to the TX RF section of the transceiver while trans-
mitting. Do not touch the TX RF section while transmitting. DC IN Jack This is the DC power supply connection for the transceiver. Use the supplied DC cable to connect di-
rectly to a DC power supply, which must be capable of supplying at least 23 A @13.8 VDC. GND Use this terminal to connect the transceiver to a good earth ground, for safety and optimum performance. Use a large diameter, short braided cable for making ground connections, and please refer to page ## for other notes about proper grounding. To prevent damage from lightning, atmo-
spheric electricity, electrical shock, etc., be certain to provide a good earth ground. TUN/LIN Jack TUN (Tuner) This 8-pin output jack is used for connection to the FC-40 External Automatic Antenna Tuner. LIN (Linear) This 8-pin output jack provides band selection data, which may be used for control of optional accesso-
ries such as the VL-1000 Solid-state Linear Ampli-
fier. RTTY/DATA Jack This 6-pin input/output jack accepts AFSK input from a Terminal Node Controller (TNC) or an op-
tional interface unit; it also provides fixed level (100-
mV @600 Ohms) receiver audio output, and FSK keying line. REM/ALC Jack REM (Remote) By plugging the optional FH-2 Remote Control Keypad into this gold-plated jack, direct access to the FT-991 CPU is provided for control functions such as contest memory keying, plus frequency and function control. ALC ( ) Page 21 FT-991 OperaTing Manual rear panel EXT SPKR Jack This 3.5-mm, 2-contact, gold-plated jack provides variable audio output for an external loudspeaker. The audio output impedance at this jack is 4 - 8 Ohms, and the level varies according to the setting of the front panel AF GAIN knob. Inserting a plug into this jack disables the internal loudspeaker. GPS/CAT Jack This 9-pin serial DB-9 jack allows external computer control of the FT-991. Connect a serial cable here and to the RS-232C COM port on your personal computer (no external interface is required). Page 22 FT-991 OperaTing Manual Mh-31a8J MiCrophone swiTChes 1 2 3 4 5 PTT Switch Press and hold the PTT (Push To Talk) switch to start transmission. DWN Button Press the DWN (Down) button to scan the frequency downward. FST Button Press the FST (Fast) button to increase the tuning rate by a factor of ten when scanning the frequency. UP Button Press the UP button to scan the frequency upward. Microphone Speak into here during transmission. Page 23 FT-991 OperaTing Manual opTional fh-2 swiTChes The optional Remote Control Keypad FH-2 can be used to control the optional DVS-6 Voice Memory capability for the SSB/AM/FM modes; the contest memory keyer for the CW mode; and the text memory for the RTTY/DATA modes. Some specific capabilities of the FH-2 are:
m On SSB/AM/FM modes, five channels of storage and playback of voice memory (20 seconds each), using your own m On CW mode, the FH-2 provides storage and recall of CW messages for repetitive CQ and contest automatic number m On RTTY/DATA mode, the FH-2 provides storage and recall of TEXT messages for repetitive CQ transmissions (see voice for recording (see page 71). transmissions (see page 85). pages 104, 106).
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5] Buttons These buttons work as the Voice Memory and CW Message Memory Selection Key. In the case of Voice Memory, up to 20 seconds of audio may be stored on each channel. For CW Messages and CW Text Messages, up to 50 characters ("PARIS" specification) may be stored into each channel.
[t], [], [p], [q] Buttons Usually, these buttons are used for tuning the VFO frequency. Press the [p]/[q] buttons to change the frequency in the same increments as the microphone
[UP]/[DWN] switches. Press the [t]/[] buttons to change the frequency by 100 kHz steps. When programming the Contest Memory Keyer, these buttons are used to move the cursor and select the text characters.
[P/B] Button This button can be used to insert a space into the position where the cursor is blinking.
[LOCK] Button This button may be used to lock out the FH-2 key buttons, to prevent accidental activation of FH-2 operations.
[MEM] Button Press this button to store either a Voice Memory, or a Contest Keyer Memory.
[DEC] Button When utilizing the sequential contest number capability of the Contest Keyer, press this button to decrement (decrease) the current Contest Number by one digit (i.e. to back up from #198 to #197, etc.). Page 24 FT-991 OperaTing Manual basiC operaTion: reCeiving on aMaTeur bands Before turning on the main power, please verify the following items once more. Have you made all ground connections securely? See page ## for details. Do you have your antenna(s) connected to the rear-panel Antenna jack(s)? See page ## for details. Is your microphone (and/or key or paddle) connected? See pages ##, ## for details. If using a linear amplifier, have all interconnections been successfully completed? See pages ##, ## for details. Please rotate the AF GAIN control to the fully counter-clockwise position, to avoid a loud blast of audio when the transceiver turns on. See page ## for details. Page 25 FT-991 OperaTing Manual basiC operaTion: reCeiving on aMaTeur bands Here is the typical start-up procedure for normal operation:
ON/OFF Switch BAND Button MODE Button Main Tuning Dial Knob AF GAIN Knob Amateur band key may similarly have up to three frequency/mode settings applied. When [MHz] is touched, the MHz notation will appear in the display, and then rotation of the CLAR/VFO-B knob will change the frequency in 1 MHz steps. 6. Press the MODE button to display the available se-
lections. Touch the corresponding key to select the desired operating mode. Advice:
By convention in the Amateur bands, LSB is used on the 7 MHz and lower bands (with the exception of 60 meters), while USB is utilized on the 14 MHz and higher bands. When changing modes from SSB to CW, you will observe a frequency shift on the display. This shift represents the BFO offset between the zero beat frequency and the audible CW pitch
(tone) you can hear (the pitch is programmed via the Menu item 060 CW FREQ DISPLAY), even though the actual tone that you hear is not chang-
ing. When operating on the FM mode, repeatedly touch [SQL] (Squelch) on the screen displayed by pressing the F(M-LIST) button to point where the background noise is just silenced. This is the point of maximum sensitivity to weak signals. Excessive advancement of [SQL] will decrease the ability of the receiver to detect weak signals. 1. Turn on the external DC power supply. 2. Press and hold in the front-panel ON/OFF switch until the transceiver turns on. After about five sec-
onds, the transceiver is ready for full operation. 3. The transceiver will start up on 7.000.00 MHz LSB,
(or the previously used operating frequency) and normal operation may begin. note:
To turn power off, press and hold in the front panel ON/OFF switch for one second. 4. Rotate the AF GAIN knob to set a comfortable au-
dio level of the incoming signals or noise. Clockwise rotation of the AF GAIN knob increases the volume level. note:
When using headphones, start by rotating the AF GAIN knob counter-clockwise, then bring the vol-
ume level up after you put the headphones on. This will minimize the chance of damage to your hearing caused by an unexpectedly high audio level. 5. Press the BAND button to display the list of Amateur bands on the LCD, then touch a key corresponding to the band on which you wish to begin operation. Advice:
One-touch selection of each Amateur band be-
tween 1.8 and 50 MHz, 144 MHz, and 430 MHz is provided. The FT-991 utilizes a triple band-stack VFO selection technique, which permits storing up to three favorite frequencies and modes onto each VFO band register. For example, you may store one frequency each on 14 MHz CW, RTTY, and USB, then recall these frequencies by successive, momentary touches of the [14] on the screen displayed by pressing the BAND button. Each Page 26 FT-991 OperaTing Manual basiC operaTion: reCeiving on aMaTeur bands 7. Rotate the Main Tuning Dial knob to tune around the band, and begin normal operation. Advice:
Clockwise rotation of the Main Tuning Dial knob increases the operating frequency, one step of the synthesizer at a time; similarly, counter-
clockwise rotation of the Main Tuning Dial knob will decrease the frequency. Two settings, one normal and one fast, are available for each operating mode. Pressing the FAST button en-
gages the Fast tuning selection (see chart be-
low). MAin tuning diAl knob tuning rAte operAting 1 Step 1 diAl rotAtion Mode LSB/USB/CW/
RTTY/DATA 100 kHz (1 MHz) AM/FM Numbers in parentheses indicate steps when the FAST button is On. 1 / 5 / 10 Hz
(100 Hz) 100 Hz (1 kHz) 1 / 5 / 10 kHz
(100 kHz) If you want to effect rapid frequency change, there are several techniques available:
Direct keyboard entry of the frequency. Use the microphones UP/DWN scanning keys, if your microphone is so equipped. Page 27 FT-991 OperaTing Manual basiC operaTion: reCeiving on aMaTeur bands operAtion on 60-Meter (5 Mhz) bAnd (u.S. verSion only) The recently-released 60-meter band is covered, in the FT-991, by fixed memory channels. These channels are set to USB or CW, and they appear between the last PMS channel (P9U) and the first regular memory channel (Channel 1):
1. Press the V/M button once to enter the Memory F(M-LIST) Button V/M Button Main Tuning Dial Knob MULTI Knob chAnnel nuMber 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 Frequency 5.332000 MHz 5.348000 MHz 5.358500 MHz 5.373000 MHz 5.405000 MHz 5.332000 MHz 5.348000 MHz 5.358500 MHz 5.373000 MHz 5.405000 MHz mode; the MEM icon will appear in the display. 2. Touch [MCH] on the screen displayed by pressing the F(M-LIST) button. The MCH notation and a memory channel number will appear on the display to signify that rotation of the MULTI knob will allow selection of the memory channel. 3. Memory channels (501 through 510) are pre-
programmed, at the factory, with the permitted fre-
quencies in the 5 MHz band, and the USB or CW mode is automatically selected on these channels. 4. To exit from 60-meter operation and return to the VFO mode, just press the V/M button. note:
The frequencies and operating mode for 5 MHz band operation are fixed, and may not be changed. Page 28 FT-991 OperaTing Manual basiC operaTion: reCeiving on aMaTeur bands clAr (clAriFier) operAtion The CLAR button and CLAR/VFO-B knob are used to offset the receive frequency, the transmit frequency, or both, from their settings on the VFO-A frequency. Four small numbers on the TFT Display show the current Clarifier offset. The Clarifier controls on the FT-991 are designed to allow you to preset an offset (up to 9.99 kHz) without actually re-
tuning, and then to activate it via the Clarifier CLAR button. This feature is ideal for following a drifting station, or for setting the small frequency offsets sometimes utilized in DX Split work. Here is the technique for utilizing the Clarifier:
1. Press the CLAR button. The RX notation will ap-
pear in the TFT Display, and the programmed offset will be applied to the receive frequency. 2. Rotation of the CLAR/VFO-B knob will allow you to modify your initial offset on the fly. Offsets of up to 9.99 kHz may be set using the Clarifier. To cancel Clarifier operation, press the CLAR button. The RX notation will disappear from the display. Advice:
Turning the Clarifier off merely cancels the applica-
tion of the programmed offset from the receive and/
or the transmit frequencies. To clear the Clarifier off-
set, and reset it to zero, press and hold the CLAR button. The programmed offset is displayed in the small multi-channel window of the frequency dis-
play. The Clarifier operation (including the offset frequen-
cy) will be memorized independently on each VFO stack of VFO-A and VFO-B. CLAR/VFO-B Knob CLAR Button Page 29 FT-991 OperaTing Manual basiC operaTion: reCeiving on aMaTeur bands LOCK You may lock the setting of the Main Tuning Dial knob (for VFO-A frequency tuning) and the CLAR/VFO-B knob (for VFO-B frequency tuning during Split operation), to prevent accidental frequency change. Main Tuning Dial Knob Lock To lock the Main Tuning Dial knob, press the LOCK button that is located to the right of the Main Tuning Dial knob. To unlock the Dial setting, and restore nor-
mal tuning, press the LOCK button once more. Advice:
The lock feature will be memorized independently on the Main Tuning Dial knob and the CLAR/VFO-B knob. LOCK Button The illumination level of the TFT display and LED indicators (above the Main Tuning Dial knob), may be adjusted via Menu items 009 and 010. DIMMER To adjust the illumination level:
1. Press the MENU button to enter the Menu mode. 2. Rotate the MULTI knob to select Menu item 006 DIMMER LED (for LED indicators) or 007 DIM-
MER TFT (for TFT display). 3. Touch [SELECT] on the LCD then rotate the MULTI knob to select the desired illumination level. 4. Touch [ENTER] on the LCD, then touch [BACK]
on the LCD or press the MENU button to save the new setting and exit to normal operation. MENU Button MULTI Knob The background color of the VFO-A frequency in the TFT display may be selected via Menu item 007. VFO COLOR 1. Press the MENU button to enter the Menu mode. 2. Rotate the MULTI knob to select Menu item 005 DISPLAY COLOR. 3. Touch [SELECT] on the LCD, then rotate the MULTI knob to select from the following colors:
BLUE (default) / SKY BLUE / GREEN / PURPLE /
RED / ORANGE / GRAY 4. Touch [ENTER] on the LCD, then touch [BACK]
on the LCD or press the MENU button to save the new setting and exit to normal operation. Background color MENU Button Page 30 MULTI Knob fT-991 operaTing Manual ConvenienCe Features Band Stack OperatiOn The FT-991 utilizes a triple band-stack VFO selection technique, that permits you to store up to three favorite frequen-
cies and modes onto each bands VFO register. For example, you may store one frequency each on 14 MHz CW, RTTY, and USB, then recall these VFOs by successive, momentary touches of [14] on the screen displayed by the BAND but-
ton. Each Amateur band key may similarly have up to three frequency/mode settings applied. Note that only the VFO-A system has the band stacks. A typical setup, for the 14 MHz band, might be arranged like this:
1. Program 14.025 MHz, CW Mode, press the BAND button, then touch [14] on the LCD;
2. Program 14.080 MHz, RTTY Mode, press the BAND button, then touch [14] on the LCD;
3. Program 14.195 MHz, SSB Mode, press the BAND button, then touch [14] on the LCD. BAND Button With this configuration, successive momentary touches of [14] on the screen displayed by the BAND button will allow you to step sequentially through these three VFOs. The front panel C.S button may be programmed to directly access an often-used Menu Mode selection. c.S (cuStOm Switch) C.S Setup 1. Press the MENU button to engage the Menu mode;
the Menu list will appear on the display. 2. Rotate the MULTI knob to select the Menu item you want to access with the front panel C.S button. 3. Press the C.S button to lock in your selection. 4. Press the MENU button or touch [BACK] on the LCD to save the new configuration and exit to nor-
mal operation. Menu Selection Recall via C.S button Press the C.S button. The programmed Menu item will appear on the display. Press the MENU button or touch [BACK] on the LCD exit to normal operation. MENU button C.S button MULTI Knob Page 31 FT-991 OperaTing Manual ConvenienCe feaTures Scope This function displays a convenient spectrum scope for monitoring the band conditions. Both strong and weak signals can be displayed in an easy-to-understand manner on the TFT screen. This multifunctional scope takes into consid-
eration the operators preference, by switching between the convenient CENTER mode where the VFO frequency is constantly in the center of the screen (for monitoring conditions on both sides of your operating frequency), and the FIX mode, where the frequency is fi xed to the left side of the screen (for convenience in monitoring in the band). Note: Since the FT-991 has only one receiver the audio will be muted while the spectrum scope is scanning. 1. Press the [SCOPE] button momentarily to display the scope screen. Five different screens are shown on the TFT display by pressing the [SCOPE] button. Advice:
During continuous sweeping, no audio will be heard. SCOPE Spectrum scope display Full screen spectrum scope display Page 32 fT-991 operaTing Manual ConvenienCe feaTures More Frequency nAvigAtion techniqueS Keyboard Frequency Entry The Operating frequency may be entered directly into the current VFO, using the keyboard screen displayed by pressing the front panel BAND button. Example: Enter 14.250.00 MHz 1. Press the BAND button to begin the direct frequency entry process. 2. Touch [ENT] on the LCD. The first digit of the fre-
quency (the leftmost digit) will blink. 3. Enter, in order, the digits of the operating frequency, touching the keys on the LCD The decimal point after the MHz portion of the frequency must be entered, but no decimal point is required after the kHz portion. 3. Touch [ENT] on the LCD once more to complete the operating frequency entry. A short beep will confirm that the entry was successful, and the new operating frequency will appear on the display. Advice:
If you attempt to enter a frequency outside the oper-
ating range of 30 kHz ~ 56 MHz, the microprocessor will ignore the attempt, and you will be returned to the previous operating frequency. If this happens, please try again, taking care not to repeat the error in the frequency entry process. Using the UP/DWN buttons of the supplied MH-31A8J Hand Microphone The UP/DWN buttons on the supplied MH-31A8J Hand Microphone may also be used to manually scan the fre-
quency upward or downward. The microphones UP/
DWN buttons utilize the tuning steps of the Main Tuning Dial knob. When the microphone FST button is pressed, the tuning rate increases by a factor of ten, in a manner similar to the transceiver front panel FAST button. Page 33 FT-991 OperaTing Manual ConvenienCe feaTures receiver operAtion (Front end block diAgrAM) The FT-991 includes a wide range of special features to suppress the many types of interference that may be encoun-
tered on the HF bands. However, real world interference conditions are constantly changing, so optimum setting of the controls is somewhat of an art, requiring familiarity with the types of interference and the subtle effects of some of the controls. Therefore, the following information is provided as a general guideline for typical situations, and a starting point for your own experimentation. The FT-991 interference-fighting circuitry begins in its RF stages, and continues throughout the entire receiver sec-
tion. FT-991 allows configuration of the features described below. CONTOUR Filter The DSP Contour filter has the unique ability to pro-
vide either a null or a peak in tunable segments of the receiver passband. You may suppress interference and excessive frequency components on an incoming signal, or you may peak those tunable frequency segments. The level of the null or peak, and the bandwidth, over which it is applied, are adjustable via the Menu. IF SHIFT The passband center frequency of the IF DSP filter may be moved up or down by adjusting this control. IF WIDTH The width of the IF DSP filtering may be adjusted using this control. IF NOTCH The IF Notch filter is a high-Q notch filter that can elim-
inate, or significantly reduce an interfering carrier. DNF (Digital Notch filter) When multiple interfering carriers are encountered dur-
ing reception, the Digital Notch Filter can significantly reduce the level of these signals. DNR (Digital Noise Reduction) The DSPs Digital Noise Reduction (DNR) feature uti-
lizes 15 different mathematical algorithms to analyze and suppress different noise profiles encountered on the HF/50 MHz bands. Choose the selection that provides the best noise suppression, and allows the signal to rise up out of the noise. AGC The AGC system is highly adaptable to changing signal and fading characteristics, making reception possible under the most difficult conditions. Front end block diAgrAM Page 34 FT-991 OperaTing Manual inTerferenCe reJeCTion ATT (AttenuAtor) When extremely strong local signals or high noise degrades reception, you can use [ATT] displayed by pressing the F(M-LIST) button to insert 6, 12, or 18-dB of RF attenuation in front of the RF amplifier. 1. Press the F(M-LIST) button, then touch [ATT] on the LCD several times to set the desired attenuation level, per the chart below. OFF: Attenuator is Off
-6dB: The incoming signal power is reduced by 6 F(M-LIST) Button dB (Signal voltage reduced by 1/2)
-12dB: The incoming signal power is reduced by 12 dB (Signal voltage reduced to 1/4)
-18dB: The incoming signal power is reduced by 18 dB (Signal voltage reduced to 1/8) The selected attenuation level will be indicated in the ATT column of the Key Function Display on the TFT display. 2. To restore full signal strength through the Attenuator circuit area, touch [ATT] on the LCD to restore the ATT display to the OFF position. Advice:
If background noise causes a high S-meter indication on clear frequencies, touch [ATT] on the LCD until the S-
meter drops to about S-1. This setting optimizes the trade-off between sensitivity, noise, and interference immu-
nity. Also, once you have tuned in a station you want to work, you may want to reduce sensitivity further (add more attenuation) by touching [ATT] on the LCD to a higher setting. This reduces the strength of all signals (and noise) and can make reception more comfortable, important especially during long QSOs. When looking for weak signals on a quiet band, you will want maximum sensitivity, so the IPO should be disabled and [ATT] on the LCD should be set to OFF. This situation is typical during quiet times on frequencies above 21 MHz, and when using a small or negative-gain receiving antenna on other bands. Page 35 FT-991 OperaTing Manual inTerferenCe reJeCTion ipo (intercept point optiMizAtion) The IPO feature allows the operator to optimize the characteristics of the receiver front end, depending on the current noise level and the strength of incoming signals. Touch [IPO] displayed by pressing the F(M-LIST) but-
ton repeatedly, to set the desired characteristic of the receiver front end, according to the chart below. F(M-LIST) Button AMP1: Amplifies the incoming signals, using a low distortion RF preamplifier (gain: approx. 10 dB). AMP2: Amplifies the incoming signals, using a 2-stage low-distortion RF preamplifier (total gain: approx. 20 dB). IPO: Bypasses the RF preamplifier, yielding direct feed to the first mixer. The selected receiver RF preamplifier will be indicated in the IPO column of the Key Function Display on the TFT display. Advice:
On the 10 MHz and lower bands, it generally is not necessary to use any preamplifier at all; selecting the IPO position as described above will increase the strong-signal-handling capability of the receiver, and generally will result in more pleasant reception due to reduced noise. If you can hear band noise with the preamplifiers disengaged, then a preamplifier is gen-
erally not needed. Page 36 FT-991 OperaTing Manual inTerferenCe reJeCTion iF noiSe blAnker (nb) operAtion The FT-991 includes an effective IF Noise Blanker, which can significantly reduce noise caused by automotive ignition systems. 1. Touch [NB] displayed by pressing the F(M-LIST) button briefly to reduce short duration pulse noise such as from switching transients, automobile igni-
tions and power lines. The NB ON will appear in the display to confirm that the Narrow-NB is operat-
ing. F(M-LIST) Button 2. Touch [NB] on the LCD again to reduce longer-
duration man-made pulse noise. The NBW ON will appear in the display to confirm that the Wide-
NB is operating. 3. If desired, you may adjust the Noise Blanker level via Menu item 024 NB LEVEL to the point where the offending noise is best reduced or eliminated. See box below for details. 4. To end Noise Blanker operation, touch [NB] on the LCD once more. The NB OFF will appear in the display, confirming that the Noise Blanker is no lon-
ger in operation. Adjusting the Noise Blanker Level 1. Press the MENU button to engage the Menu mode. NB LEVEL. 2. Rotate the MULTI knob to select Menu item 024 3. Touch [SELECT] on the LCD 4. Rotate the MULTI knob to the point where the offending noise is best reduced or eliminated. 5. Touch [ENTER] on the LCD, then press the MENU button or touch [BACK] on the LCD to lock in the new setting and exit to normal opera-
tion. MENU button MULTI Knob Page 37 FT-991 OperaTing Manual inTerferenCe reJeCTion contour control operAtion The Contour filter system provides a gentle perturbation of the IF filter passband. The Contour is set to either suppress, or boost specific frequency components, and thus enhances the sound and readability of a received signal. 1. Touch [CONT] displayed by pressing the F(M-
LIST) button to activate the Contour filter. The DSP graphic display will illuminate and the current null
(or peak) position of the Contour filter will appear in the CONTOUR indicator on the display. F(M-LIST) Button 2. Rotate the MULTI knob to achieve the most natural-
sounding audio reproduction on the incoming signal. Advice:
The display will show the Contour frequency when-
ever [CONT] on the LCD is touched. 3. To cancel Contour tuning, touch [CONT] on the LCD. Advice:
Alternate touches of [CONT] on the LCD will switch the Contour filter between on and off. Advice:
The Contour filter level (either a null or a peak) may be adjusted using Menu item 112 CONTOUR LEV-
EL. The factory default setting is for a null of 15
(dB). The bandwidth over which the Contour filter effect is applied may be adjusted using Menu item 113 CONTOUR WIDTH. The factory default setting is 10. When the set value is increased, the bandwidth becomes wider. Refer to Figure B, this illustrates an inden-
tation of the Contour filter in the center of the passband. The Contour filter places a low-
Q notch in the passband, per the settings of Menu items 112 CONTOUR LEVEL and 113 CONTOUR WIDTH (referenced above). Counter-
clockwise rotation (to the left) of the MULTI knob causes the notch to move toward a lower frequency within the passband, while clockwise rotation (to the right) causes the notch to move toward a higher frequency within the passband. By removing interference or unwanted frequency components of the incoming signal, it is possible to make the desired signal rise out of the back-
ground noise/interference, enhancing intelligibil-
ity. A B C IF BANDWIDTH IF BANDWIDTH IF BANDWIDTH MULTI MULTI MULTI quick point:
By judicious use of the Contour filter, the shoulder of the passband response may be altered, or components may be removed from within the passband, allowing the desired signal to rise above the background noise and interference in a manner not obtainable with other filtering systems. Page 38 FT-991 OperaTing Manual inTerferenCe reJeCTion iF ShiFt operAtion (SSb/cw/rtty/pkt ModeS) IF SHIFT allows you to move the DSP filter passband higher or lower, without changing the pitch of the incoming sig-
nal, and thus reduces or eliminates interference. Because the carrier tuning frequency is not varied, there is no need to re-tune the operating frequency to eliminate the interference. The total passband tuning range for the IF SHIFT system is 1 kHz. 1. Touch [SHIFT] displayed by pressing the F(M-
LIST) button repeatedly to reduce the interference. Advice:
The display will show the shift value of the IF SHIFT whenever [SHIFT] on the LCD is touched. Referring to Figure A, note the depiction of the IF DSP filter as the thick line, with MULTI knob in the 12 oclock position. In Figure B, an in-
terfering signal has appeared inside the original passband. In Figure C, you can see the effect of rotating the MULTI knob. The interference level is reduced by moving the filter passband so that the interference is outside of the passband. A B C Desired Signal Desired Signal Desired Signal QRM QRM IF BANDWIDTH IF BANDWIDTH IF BANDWIDTH MULTI MULTI MULTI F(M-LIST) Button Page 39 FT-991 OperaTing Manual inTerferenCe reJeCTion width (iF dSp bAndwidth) tuning (SSb/cw/rtty/dAtA ModeS) The IF WIDTH tuning system allows you to vary the width of the DSP IF passband, to reduce or eliminate interference. Moreover, the bandwidth may actually be expanded from its default setting, should you wish to enhance incoming sig-
nal fidelity when interference on the band is low. 1. Touch [WIDTH] displayed by pressing the F(M-
LIST) button repeatedly to reduce the interference. Advice:
The frequency display will show the bandwidth of the IF passband whenever [WIDTH] is touched. F(M-LIST) Button Referring to Figure B, you can see the default bandwidth on the SSB mode. By rotating the MULTI knob to the left, the band-
width will narrow (see Figure A, while rotation of the MULTI knob to the right, as depicted in Figure C, will increase the bandwidth. A B C IF BANDWIDTH IF BANDWIDTH IF BANDWIDTH MULTI MULTI MULTI The default bandwidths, and total bandwidth ad-
justment range, will vary according to the operat-
ing mode:
SSB Mode: 1.8 kHz ~ 4.0 kHz (default: 2.4 kHz). CW Mode: 500 Hz ~ 2.4 kHz (default: 2.4 kHz) RTTY/DATA Modes: 500 Hz ~ 2.4 kHz (default:
500 Hz) Page 40 Using IF SHIFT and WIDTH Together The IF SHIFT and Variable IF WIDTH features together form a very effective interference-fight-
ing filtering system. For example, in Figure A, you can see how in-
terference has appeared both on the high and low sides of the desired signal. Touch [WIDTH] on the LCD, the interference from one side can be eliminated (Figure B). Next, rotate the MULTI knob to re-position the passband (Figure C), the interference on the opposite side can be re-
moved, without re-introducing the interference previously eliminated in Figure B. A B C Desired Signal Desired Signal Desired Signal QRM QRM QRM QRM QRM QRM IF BANDWIDTH IF BANDWIDTH IF BANDWIDTH Advice:
For best interference reduction, the WIDTH and SHIFT features are the primary tools you should use, after narrowing the bandwidth (WIDTH) and/or adjusting the center of the passband
(SHIFT). The Contour control may then yield additional signal-enhancement benefits on the net residual bandwidth. Even more, the IF NOTCH Filter (described later) may also be used, in conjunction with these filter systems, to significant advantage. FT-991 OperaTing Manual inTerferenCe reJeCTion nArrow (nAr) one-touch iF Filter Selection Touching [NAR/WIDE] displayed by pressing the F(M-LIST) button provides one-touch, mode-specific, selection of a narrow IF DSP filter setting that does not require resetting the bandwidth control to the WIDTH/SHIFT system. Touching [NAR/WIDE] on the LCD once more returns the bandwidth control to the WIDTH/SHIFT system. The factory default bandwidths are:
operAting Mode SSB CW RTTY/DATA AM FM (28/50/144/430 MHz Bands)
[nAr/wide] touch key on oFF 200 Hz ~ 1.8 kHz 1.8 ~ 3.0 kHz 50 ~ 500 Hz 500 Hz ~ 3.0 kHz 50 ~ 500 Hz 500 Hz ~ 2.4 kHz
(2.4 kHz)
(2.4 kHz)
(500 Hz) 9 kHz 16 kHz
(1.5 kHz)
(500 Hz)
(300 Hz) 6 kHz 9 kHz
: Depends on the [WIDTH] setting
( ): Default Bandwidth Advice:
When the narrow bandwidth is selected, the NAR icon will appear in the display. If [NAR/WIDE] on the LCD has been touched to engage the narrow filter, you may still adjust the nar-
row IF bandwidth with [WIDTH] on the LCD and the MULTI knob. The IF SHIFT is also operational. When you touch [NAR/WIDE] on the LCD in the FM mode, both transmit and receive bandwidths are narrowed. F(M-LIST) Button Page 41 FT-991 OperaTing Manual
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inTerferenCe reJeCTion iF notch Filter operAtion (SSb/cw/rtty/dAtA/AM ModeS) The IF NOTCH filter is a highly effective system that allows you to slice out an interfering beat note or other carrier signal from inside the receiver passband. F(M-LIST) Button The performance of the IF NOTCH filter is illus-
trated in Figure A, where the effect of rotation of the MULTI knob is depicted. In Figure B you can see the notching effect of the IF NOTCH filter as you rotate the MULTI knob to eliminate the interfering heterodyne. A Desired Signal B Desired Signal QRM
(Heterodyne) QRM
(Heterodyne) IF BANDWIDTH IF BANDWIDTH MULTI 1. Press the F(M-LIST) button, then touch [NOTCH]
on the LCD to activate the Notch filter. The DSP graphic display will illuminate and the current null position of the NOTCH filter will appear in the NOTCH indicator on the display. The MULTI knob functions as the Notch adjustment knob. 2. Rotate the MULTI knob to adjust the null position of the Notch filter. 3. To cancel the NOTCH filter, touch [NOTCH] on the LCD. The graphic disappears from the NOTCH indicator on the display, confirming that the NOTCH filter is no longer in operation. Advice:
Alternate touches of [NOTCH], will switch the NOTCH filter between on and off. Advice:
The bandwidth of the NOTCH filter (either narrow or wide) may be adjusted using Menu item 114 IF NOTCH WIDTH. The factory default setting is WIDE. Page 42 FT-991 OperaTing Manual inTerferenCe reJeCTion digitAl notch Filter (dnF) operAtion The Digital NOTCH Filter (DNF) is an effective beat-canceling filter that can null out a number of interfering beat notes inside the receiver passband. Because this is an Auto-Notch feature, there is no adjustment knob associated with this fil-
ter. Advice:
If a very strong interfering carrier is encountered, we recommend you first use the IF NOTCH filter, as it is the most ef-
fective notching tool in the receiver section. 1. Press the F(M-LIST) button, then touch [DNF] on the LCD. The DNF will appear in the display. To disable the Digital NOTCH Filter, just repeat the above procedure, touching [DNF] on the LCD to choose OFF. The DNF will turn off, confirming that the Digital NOTCH Filter is not active. F(M-LIST) Button digitAl noiSe reduction (dnr) operAtion The Digital Noise Reduction (DNR) system is designed to reduce the level of random noise found on the HF and 50 MHz bands, and it is especially effective during SSB operation. By setting the Menu item 110 DNR LEVEL, any of 15 different noise-reduction algorithms can be selected; each of these algorithms was created for dealing with a different noise profile. You will want to experiment with the DNR system to find the best setting corresponding to the noise cur-
rently being experienced. 1. Press the F(M-LIST) button, then touch [DNR] on the LCD. The DNR will appear in the display. To disable the DNR system, just repeat the above proce-
dure, touching [DNR] on the LCD to choose OFF. The DNR will turn off, confirming that the DNR system is not active. F(M-LIST) Button Page 43 FT-991 OperaTing Manual Tools for CoMforTable and effeCTive reCepTion The RF Gain control provides manual adjustment of the gain levels for the receiver RF and IF stages, to account for noise and signal strength conditions at the moment. rF gAin 1. The RF GAIN knob should, initially, be rotated to the fully clockwise position. This is the point of maximum sensitivity. 2. Counter-clockwise rotation of the RF GAIN knob will gradually reduce the system gain. RF GAIN Knob Advice:
As the RF GAIN knob is rotated counterclockwise to reduce the gain, the S-meter reading will rise. This indicates that the AGC voltage being applied to the receiver is increasing (this causes a reduction in re-
ceiver gain). Rotating the RF GAIN knob control to the fully counter-clockwise position will essentially disable the receiver, as the gain will be greatly reduced. In this case, the S-meter will appear to be pegged against the right edge of the analog S-meter scale. quick point:
Reception frequently can be optimized by rotating the RF GAIN knob slightly counter-clockwise to the point where the stationary meter indication is set just about the same as the incoming noise level. This will reduce the RF gain to find a level of improved signal to noise ratio. The RF Gain control, along with the IPO and the At-
tenuator features, all affect the system receiver gain in different ways. The IPO generally should be the first feature engaged when dealing with a high noise level, or a crowded, high-level signal environment. Also, the IPO generally should be the first feature engaged, if the frequency is low enough to allow the preamplifier to be bypassed. Thereafter, the RF Gain and Attenuator features may be employed to provide precise, delicate adjustment of the receiver gain to fully optimize performance. Page 44 FT-991 OperaTing Manual Tools for CoMforTable and effeCTive reCepTion Audio peAk Filter 1. Press the F(M-LIST) button, then touch [APF] on the LCD. The APF indicator will appear in the DSP display. Advice:
When APF is engaged, the peak position of the APF is depicted graphically in the NOTCH indicator on the display. 2. Touch [AFP] on the LCD again to disable the APF. Advice:
The APF may only be activated while the transceiver is in CW mode. F(M-LIST) Button Page 45 FT-991 OperaTing Manual Tools for CoMforTable and effeCTive reCepTion Agc (AutoMAtic gAin control) The AGC system is designed to help compensate for fading and other propagation effects. The AGC characteristics can be individually set for each operating mode. The basic objective of AGC is to maintain a constant audio output level once a certain minimum threshold of signal strength is achieved. Press the F(M-LIST) button, then touch [AGC] on the LCD repeatedly to select the desired receiver-recovery time constant. You will observe the AGC status notation in the AGC column of the Key Function Display on the TFT display, denoting the AGC receiver-recovery time currently in use. For most operations, we recommend the AUTO mode. Additionally, you may disable the AGC by touching [AGC] on the LCD. note:
The AUTO selection mode selects the optimum F(M-LIST) Button Advice:
If the AGC receiver-recovery time is set to Off by touching [AGC] on the LCD, the S-meter will no longer deflect. Additionally, you will likely encoun-
ter distortion on stronger signals, as the IF amplifiers and the following stages are probably being over-
loaded. quick point:
Several aspects of AGC performance may be configured via the Menu. However, because AGC can have such a profound impact on overall receiver performance, we generally do not recommend any changes to the AGC Menu selections until you are thoroughly familiar with the performance of the FT-991. terMinology:
Automatic Gain Control, or AGC, is a circuit that senses the received signal strength, and then limits the gain of the RF and IF stages to keep the output audio volume at a more-or-less constant level. AGC also protects the RF, IF, Audio, and DSP stages from overload, as it limits the signal strength that is allowed to flow, irrespective of the input signal level. receiver-recovery time for the reception mode. In this case, the selected receiver-recovery time in the AGC column of the Key Function Display glows green (Normally glows blue). Touching [AGC] on the LCD allows selection of the desired receiver-recovery time constant. Normally, the AUTO selection is satisfactory for most situ-
ations, but in the event of operation on a crowded band where you wish to receive a weak signal, you may wish to change the setting to FAST. The AUTO mode selections are:
operAting Mode LSB/USB/AM CW/FM RTTY/DATA Auto Agc Selection SLOW FAST MID Page 46 FT-991 OperaTing Manual Tools for CoMforTable and effeCTive reCepTion AdjuStAble receiver Audio Filter The FT-991 includes an adjustable receiver audio filter, that provides precise, independent control of the low; and upper audio ranges. MENU Button MULTI Knob 1. Press the MENU button to enter the Menu mode. 2. Rotate the MULTI knob to find Menu items 040 through 043 these parameters apply to the adjust-
ment of the receiver audio filter in the AM mode, Menu items 050 through 053 apply to the adjustment of the RX audio filter in the CW mode, Menu items 067 through 070 apply to the ad-
justment of the RX audio filter in the DATA mode, Menu items 092 through 095 apply to the ad-
justment of the RX audio filter in the RTTY mode, and Menu items 102 through 105 apply to the adjustment of the RX audio filter in the SSB mode 3. Touch [SELECT] on the LCD. 4. Rotate the MULTI knob to adjust the receiver audio response as desired. 5. Touch [ENTER] on the LCD to save the new set-
6. Press the MENU button or touch [BACK] on the LCD to exit to normal operation. ting. Mode AM CW DATA RTTY SSB Menu iteM 040 AM LCUT FREQ 041 AM LCUT SLOPE 042 AM HCUT FREQ 043 AM HCUT SLOPE 050 CW LCUT FREQ 051 CW LCUT SLOPE 052 CW HCUT FREQ 053 CW HCUT SLOPE 067 DATA LCUT FREQ 068 DATA LCUT SLOPE 069 DATA HCUT FREQ 070 DATA HCUT SLOPE 092 RTTY LCUT FREQ 093 RTTY LCUT SLOPE 094 RTTY HCUT FREQ 095 RTTY HCUT SLOPE 102 SSB LCUT FREQ 103 SSB LCUT SLOPE 104 SSB HCUT FREQ 105 SSB HCUT SLOPE AvAilAble vAlueS OFF/100(Hz) ~ 1000(Hz) 6dB/oct / 18dB/oct 700(Hz) ~ 4000(Hz)/OFF 6dB/oct / 18dB/oct OFF/100(Hz) ~ 1000(Hz) 6dB/oct / 18dB/oct 700(Hz) ~ 4000(Hz)/OFF 6dB/oct / 18dB/oct OFF/100(Hz) ~ 1000(Hz) 6dB/oct / 18dB/oct 700(Hz) ~ 4000(Hz)/OFF 6dB/oct / 18dB/oct OFF/100(Hz) ~ 1000(Hz) 6dB/oct / 18dB/oct 700(Hz) ~ 4000(Hz)/OFF 6dB/oct / 18dB/oct OFF/100(Hz) ~ 1000(Hz) 6dB/oct / 18dB/oct 700(Hz) ~ 4000(Hz)/OFF 6dB/oct / 18dB/oct Page 47 FT-991 OperaTing Manual ssb/aM Mode TransMission ON/OFF Switch BAND Button F(M-LIST) Button MODE Button MULTI Knob Main Tuning Dial Knob 5. Adjust the microphone amplifier gain to match the microphone and your voice level: Touch [METER]
on the LCD repeatedly to select the ALC. Press and hold the PTT switch, and speak into the microphone in a normal voice level. In the SSB mode, touch [MIC GAIN] and then ad-
just MULTI knob so that the ALC meter stays within the ALC zone of the meter (up to half scale deflec-
tion) on voice peaks. In the AM mode, touch [MIC GAIN] and then adjust MULTI knob so that the ALC meter does not deflect at voice peaks. 6. Release the PTT switch at the end of your transmis-
sion. The transceiver will return to the receive mode. 1. Press the BAND button to shown the band list, then touch a band key corresponding to the Amateur band on which you wish to operate. 2. Press the MODE button to show the mode list, then select the operating mode by touching the corre-
sponding key. Advice:
By convention, LSB is used in the 7 MHz and lower Amateur bands for SSB communication, and USB is used on the 14 MHz and higher bands (the 10 MHz band is used for CW and data modes only). 3. Rotate the Main Tuning Dial knob to adjust the op-
erating frequency. Alternately, you may use the UP/
DWN scanning buttons on the MH-31A8J Hand Mi-
crophone to sweep up or down the current band. 4. Press the microphone PTT (Push To Talk) switch to begin transmission; speak into the microphone in a normal voice level. Advice:
The indicator will light up in the LED in-
dicators area, confirming that transmission is in progress. When transmitting in the AM mode, set a maxi-
mum (carrier) power output of 25 Watts via
[PROC] displayed by pressing the F(M-LIST) button. Page 48 FT-991 OperaTing Manual ssb/aM Mode TransMission Advice:
ALC meter deflection may be caused by excessive drive power, but also by reflected power detected in the antenna system. If the impedance presented to the transceiver is other than 50 Ohms, ALC me-
ter action may be observed that is not related to the proper setting of [MIC GAIN] on the LCD. There-
fore, we recommend that you make [MIC GAIN]
adjustments into a dummy load or antenna system presenting impedance very close to 50 Ohms. When performing on air tests (such as the setup of microphone gain), be sure to check the frequency be-
fore transmitting, to avoid interference to others who may already be using the frequency. Four techniques for exercising Transmit/Receive control are provided on the FT-991. You may choose the technique(s) that best suit your operating needs:
Pressing the microphone PTT switch will engage the transmitter. The rear panel PTT jack may be connected to a foot switch or other manual switching device in order to engage the transmitter. Touching [MOX] displayed by pressing the F(M-
LIST) button will lock the transmitter on. Touch
[MOX] on the LCD again to return to receive. The VOX (Voice Operated Xmit) circuit will engage the transmitter automatically when you speak into the microphone. For details of VOX operation refer to page ##. Page 49 FT-991 OperaTing Manual using The auToMaTiC anTenna Tuner The Automatic Antenna Tuner (hereinafter referred to as the ATU) built into each FT-991 is designed to ensure a 50-
Ohm load for the final amplifier stage of the transmitter. We recommend that the ATU be used whenever you operate on the FT-991. Advice:
Because the ATU of the FT-991 is located inside the station, it only adjusts the impedance presented to the trans-
ceiver at the station end of your coaxial cable feedline. It does not tune the SWR at the antenna feed point itself. When designing and building your antenna system, we recommend that every effort be made to ensure a low SWR at the antenna feed point. The ATU of the FT-991 includes 100 memories for tuning data. Eleven of these memories are allocated, one per Amateur band, so that each band has at least one setting preset for use on that band. The remaining 89 memories are reserved for the 89 most-recent tuning points, for quick frequency change without the need to retune the ATU. The ATU in the FT-991 is designed to match impedances within the range of 16.5 Ohms to 150 Ohms, correspond-
ing to an SWR of 3:1 or less on the 160 through 6 meter amateur bands. Accordingly, simple non-resonant whip an-
tennas, along with random-length wires and the G5RV antenna (on most bands) may not be within the impedance matching range of the ATU. Atu operAtion TUNE Button quick pointS:
As shipped from the factory, only one ATU alignment point is saved on each Amateur band. This was memo-
rized during the final alignment and performance verifi-
cation stages on the production line. note:
Please check the operating frequency before beginning the tuning process, to be sure you are not interfering with others who may already be using the frequency. terMinology:
Antenna Tuner Memories: The microprocessor of the ATU makes a note of the selected tuning capacitors and inductors, and stores the data for each 10 kHz window in which tuning has occurred. This eliminates the need to re-tune every time you return to a frequency on which you have already completed the tuning process. 1. Use the Main Tuning Dial knob to set the radio to the desired operating frequency within the Amateur band. 2. Press the TUNE button momentarily to place the ATU in the transmit line (no adjustment/tuning will occur yet). The TUNER icon will appear in the display. quick point:
The momentary press of the TUNE button will turn the tuner on, and the microprocessor will automati-
cally select the tuning point closest to the current operating frequency. 3. Press and hold in the TUNE button for one second to begin automatic tuning. The transmitter will be en-
gaged, and the TUNER icon will blink while tun-
ing is in progress. When the optimum tuning point has been reached, the radio will return to receive, and the TUNER icon will again glow steadily (in-
stead of blinking). 4. To disconnect the ATU from the transmit line, press the TUNE button momentarily. The TUNER icon will turn off, confirming that the ATU has been turned off. In the Off mode, the transceiver will be directly connected to the coaxial cable connected to your antenna, and will respond to whatever imped-
ance is present at the station end of the coax. Advice:
The ATU circuit is located between the final amplifier and the rear-panel antenna jack; reception is not affected by the ATU. Page 50 FT-991 OperaTing Manual using The auToMaTiC anTenna Tuner About Atu operAtion Figure 1 depicts a situation where normal tuning via the ATU has been successfully completed, and the tuning data has been stored in the ATU memory. The antenna system as seen by the transmitter is shown. In Figure 2, the operator has changed frequency, and the HI-SWR icon has appeared. The operator presses and holds in the TUNE button for two seconds to begin impedance matching using the ATU. If a high SWR condition exists (above 3:1), corrective action must be taken in the antenna system to bring the imped-
ance closer to 50 Ohms. The ATU will refuse to memorize settings on frequencies where the SWR exceeds 3:1. A High SWR may indicate a mechanical failure in the feed system, and can lead to the generation of spurious signals causing TVI, etc. Feed Point SWR Frequency SWR after ATU Tuning Figure 1 Memorized ATU Tuning The HI-SWR icon appears on the display when you transmit on the frequency SWR: 3.0 Retuned Setting Frequency Figure 2 About ATU Memories SWR (After tuning) Less than 1.5:1 The tuner settings are stored in the ATU memory. SWR (After tuning) Greater than 1.5:1 Tuning data will not be retained in memory. If you return to the same frequency, the tuning process must be re-
peated. SWR (After tuning) Greater than 3:1 The HI-SWR icon will light up, and the tuner settings, if achieved, will not be memorized. Please investigate the high SWR condition and resolve the problem before attempting further operation using this antenna. Page 51 FT-991 OperaTing Manual enhanCing TransMiT signal QualiTY PArAMetric Microphone equAlizer (SSb/AM/FM Mode) The FT-991 includes a unique Three-Band Parametric Microphone Equalizer that provides precise, independent control over the low, mid and treble ranges in your voice waveform. You may utilize one group of settings when the speech processor is off and an alternate group of settings when the speech processor is on. The speech processor feature is de-
scribed in the next chapter. quick point:
The Parametric Equalizer is a unique technique for adjusting the signal quality. The three audio ranges may be adjusted so precisely, it is possible to craft an audio response that provides a natural and pleasant sound that you may not have ever experienced before. Alternately, the effective talk power can be significantly enhanced. The aspects of configuration that you may adjust on the Parametric Equalizer are:
Center Frequency: The center frequency of each of the three bands may be adjusted. Gain:
Q:
The amount of enhancement (or suppression) within each band may be adjusted. The bandwidth over which the equalization is applied may be adjusted. Setup of the Parametric Microphone Equalizer 1. Connect the microphone to the MIC jack. 2. Set the RF output power to minimum value. MENU(SETUP) Button F(M-LIST) Button Advice:
We recommend that you connect a dummy load to one of the Antenna jacks, and monitor your signal on a separate receiver, to prevent interfer-
ence to other users. You will have the best chance of hearing the ef-
fects of adjustments if you wear headphones
(connected to the monitor receiver) while listen-
ing to your transmitted signal. 3. To adjust the Parametric Microphone Equalizer while the speech processor is disabled, press the F(M-LIST) button, then touch [MIC-EQ] to select ON. To adjust the Parametric Microphone Equalizer with the speech processor engaged, press the F(M-LIST) button, then touch [PROC] to select ON. 4. Touch [MONI], if you want to listen on the FT-991 internal monitor. 5. Press the MENU(SETUP) button. The Menu list will appear in the display. 6. Rotate the MULT knob to find the EQ Menu area, containing Menu items 119 through 127; these parameters apply to the adjustment of the Parametric Microphone Equalizer when the speech processor is disabled. Menu items 128 through 136 ap-
ply to the adjustment of the Parametric Microphone Equalizer when the speech processor is engaged. Page 52 MULTI Knob 7. Touch [SELECT] on the LCD, then rotate the MULT knob to perform adjustments to a particular Menu item. 8. Press and hold the PTT switch, and speak into the microphone while listening to the effect of the changes you are making. Because the overall effect on the sound will change with each adjustment, you should make several passes through each adjustment area, to be sure that you are achieving the optimum settings. 9. When you have completed all adjustments, touch
[ENTER] on the LCD to save the new settings. 10. Press the MENU(SETUP) button or touch [BACK]
on the LCD to exit to normal operation. If you only touch [BACK] momentarily to exit, none of the changes you performed will be stored. Advice:
To roll off excessive bass response in a wide-range stu-
dio microphone, try putting a 10 dB null at 100 Hz with a bandwidth of 1 or 2, do about a 3 dB null centered on 800 Hz with a bandwidth of 3, and then put an 8 dB peak centered on 2100 Hz with a bandwidth of 1. These are starting recommendations; each microphone and users voice will be different, often requiring differ-
ent settings. FT-991 OperaTing Manual enhanCing TransMiT signal QualiTY pArAMetric Microphone equAlizer (SSb/AM/FM Mode) F(M-LIST) Button Activating the Parametric Microphone Equalizer 1. Adjust [MIC GAIN] on the LCD, as described on page ##. 2. Press the F(M-LIST) button, then touch [MIC-EQ]
on the LCD to select ON. If you use the Paramet-
ric Microphone Equalizer with the speech processor engaged, press the F(M-LIST) button, then touch
[PROC] on the LCD to select ON. The MIC EQ (and PROC) will appear in the display, confirming that the Parametric Microphone Equalizer is engaged. 3. Press the PTT switch on the microphone, and speak into the microphone in a normal voice level. 4. To switch the Parametric Microphone Equalizer off, touch [MIC-EQ] on the LCD again until the MIC EQ icon disappears. 3-StAge pArAMetric equAlizer AdjuStMentS (Speech proceSSor: oFF) Center Frequency Parametric Gain Q (Bandwidth) 119 PRMTRC EQ1 FREQ 122 PRMTRC EQ2 FREQ 125 PRMTRC EQ3 FREQ 120 PRMTRC EQ1 LEVEL 123 PRMTRC EQ2 LEVEL 126 PRMTRC EQ3 LEVEL 121 PRMTRC EQ1 BWTH 124 PRMTRC EQ2 BWTH 127 PRMTRC EQ3 BWTH 100 (Hz) ~ 700 (Hz) / OFF 700 (Hz) ~ 1500 (Hz) / OFF 1500 (Hz) ~ 3200 (Hz) / OFF
(Low) 20 (dB) ~ +10 (dB)
(Mid) 20 (dB) ~ +10 (dB)
(High) 20 (dB) ~ +10 (dB)
(Low) 1 ~ 10
(Mid) 1 ~ 10
(High) 1 ~ 10 3-StAge pArAMetric equAlizer AdjuStMentS (Speech proceSSor: on) Center Frequency Parametric Gain Q (Bandwidth) 128 P-PRMTRC EQ1 FREQ 131 P-PRMTRC EQ2 FREQ 134 P-PRMTRC EQ3 FREQ 129 P-PRMTRC EQ1 LEVEL 132 P-PRMTRC EQ2 LEVEL 135 P-PRMTRC EQ3 LEVEL 130 P-PRMTRC EQ1 BWTH 133 P-PRMTRC EQ2 BWTH 136 P-PRMTRC EQ3 BWTH 100 (Hz) ~ 700 (Hz) / OFF 700 (Hz) ~ 1500 (Hz) / OFF 1500 (Hz) ~ 3200 (Hz) / OFF
(Low) 20 (dB) ~ +10 (dB)
(Mid) 20 (dB) ~ +10 (dB)
(High) 20 (dB) ~ +10 (dB)
(Low) 1 ~ 10
(Mid) 1 ~ 10
(High) 1 ~ 10 Parametric Gain Page 53 FT-991 OperaTing Manual enhanCing TransMiT signal QualiTY uSing the Speech proceSSor (SSb Mode) The FT-991 Speech Processor is designed to increase talk power by increasing the average power output (via a so-
phisticated compression technique) and adjusting the audio quality to the menu settings (128 P-PRMTRC EQ1 FREQ, 131 P-PRMTRC EQ2 FREQ, 134 P-PRMTRC EQ3 FREQ). The result is improved intelligibility when conditions are difficult. 1. Adjust [MIC GAIN] on the LCD, as described on F(M-LIST) Button MULTI Knob page ##. 2. Touch [METER] on the LCD to select COMP 3. Press the F(M-LIST) button, then touch [PROC] on
(Compression) meter. the LCD to select ON. The PROC will appear in the display, confirming that the Speech Processor is engaged. 4. Press the PTT switch on the microphone, and speak into the microphone in a normal voice level. 5. Adjust the MULT knob to set the compression level within the 5 dB to 10 dB range. 6. To switch the Speech Processor off, touch [PROC]
on the LCD once more. The PROC will turn off, confirming that the Speech processor is turned off. Advice:
You may adjust the Parametric Microphone Equal-
izer when the speech processor is engaged, using Menu Items 128 through 136. See page ## for details. Page 54 FT-991 OperaTing Manual enhanCing TransMiT signal QualiTY AdjuSting the SSb trAnSMitted bAndwidth (SSb Mode) For transmission on SSB, a default bandwidth of 2.4 kHz is provided. This bandwidth provides reasonable fidelity along with good talk power, and is typical of the bandwidth used for decades for SSB transmission. The bandwidth may be varied by the operator, to provide different levels of fidelity or talk power, according to your preferences. MENU(SETUP) Button F(M-LIST) Button MULTI Knob Here are the steps to adjust the SSB transmit bandwidth:
1. Press the MENU(SETUP) button to engage the Menu. SSB TX BPF. 2. Rotate the MULTI knob to select Menu item 110 3. Touch [SELECT] on the LCD, then rotate the MULTI knob to select the desired bandwidth. The available selections are: 100-3000 Hz, 100-2900 Hz, 200-2800 Hz, 300-2700 Hz, and 400-2600 Hz. The default is 300-2700 Hz. A wider bandwidth will provide greater fidelity. A narrow bandwidth will compress the available transmitter power into less spectrum, resulting in more talk power for DX pile-ups. 4. Touch [ENTER] on the LCD to save the new set-
5. Press the MENU(SETUP) button or touch [BACK]
on the LCD to exit to normal operation. ting. Advice:
The Transmit Monitor function is a very helpful way to confirm the effect that changing the bandwidth will have on fidelity. With [MONI] displayed by pressing the F(M-
LIST) button, you will be able to hear the difference in sound quality as you make changes. quick pointS:
The higher fidelity associated with wide bandwidth will be particularly enjoyable on the low bands during local rag-chew QSOs. Page 55 FT-991 OperaTing Manual TransMiTTer ConvenienCe feaTures voice MeMory (SSb/AM/FM ModeS: requireS optionAl dvS-6 And Fh-2) You may utilize the Voice Memory capability of the FT-991 for repetitive messages. The Voice Memory system includes five memories capable of storing up to 20 seconds of voice audio each. The maximum that any memory can hold is 20 seconds. Voice Memory Operation from the FH-2 Remote Control Keypad You may also utilize the Voice Memory capability of the FT-991 from the optional FH-2 Remote Control Keypad, which plugs into the rear panels REM/ALC jack. Recording Your Own Voice in Memory 1. Select the LSB, USB, AM, or FM mode using the 7. Press the FH-2 [MEM] key to terminate the message storage process. front panel MODE button. 2. Adjust [MIC GAIN] on the LCD, as described on page ##. 3. Press the [MEM] key on the FH-2. A blinking REC icon will appear in the display. 4. Press any of the FH-2s keys numbered [1] through
[5] to select that memory storage register. Checking Your Recording 1. Be sure that [MOX] and [BK-IN] on the LCD dis-
played by pressing the F(M-LIST) button are Off. 2. Press the FH-2 [1] ~ [5] key (whichever one you just recorded in). The PLAY icon will appear in the display and you will hear the contents of the Voice Memory you just recorded. Advice:
You may adjust the playback level of the recording via Menu item 009 RX OUT LEVEL. Advice:
If you do not press the PTT key (see next step) with-
in five seconds, the memory storage process will be cancelled. 5. Press the microphones PTT switch momentarily. The REC icon will glow steadily and recording will begin. 6. Speak into the microphone in a normal voice level to record the message (such as CQ DX, CQ DX, this is W 6 Delta X-Ray Charlie, W 6 Delta X-Ray Char-
lie, Over). Remember that the time limit for record-
ing any message is 20 seconds. Page 56 FT-991 OperaTing Manual TransMiTTer ConvenienCe feaTures voice MeMory (SSb/AM/FM ModeS: requireS optionAl dvS-6 And Fh-2) Transmitting the Recorded Message 1. Select the LSB, USB, AM, or FM mode using the 2. Press the front panel F(M-LIST) button, then touch front panel MODE button.
[BK-IN] on the LCD. 3. Press the FH-2 [1] ~ [5] key (whichever one you just recorded in). A PLAY icon will appear in the display and the message will be transmitted. Advice:
You may adjust the transmit (audio) level of the record-
ing via Menu item 010 TX OUT LEVEL. Page 57 FT-991 OperaTing Manual TransMiTTer ConvenienCe feaTures vox (SSb/AM/FM ModeS: AutoMAtic tx/rx Switching uSing voice control) Instead of using the microphone PTT switch or [MOX] displayed by pressing the F(M-LIST) button to activate the transmitter, the VOX (Voice Operated TX/RX Control) system provides hands-free, automatic activation of the trans-
mitter, based on voice input into the microphone. 1. Press the F(M-LIST) button, then touch [VOX] on the LCD to select ON. The VOX will appear in the display. MENU(SETUP) Button F(M-LIST) Button 2. Without pressing the PTT switch, speak into the microphone in a normal voice level. When you start speaking, the transmitter should be activated auto-
matically. When you finish speaking, the transceiver should return to the receive mode (after a short de-
lay). 3. To cancel VOX and return to PTT operation, touch
[VOX] on the LCD once more. The VOX will turn off, signifying that the VOX circuitry has been turned off. Advice:
The VOX Gain may be adjusted to prevent acciden-
tal transmitter activation in a noisy environment. To adjust the VOX Gain:
1) Activate the VOX circuitry, if necessary. 2) Press the MENU(SETUP) button to engage the Menu mode. 3) Rotate the MULTI knob to select Menu item 143 VOX GAIN, then touch [SELECT] on the LCD. 4) While speaking into the microphone, rotate the MULTI knob to the point where the transmitter is quickly activated by your voice, without back-
ground noise causing the transmitter to activate. 5) When you satisfied with the setting, touch [EN-
TER] on the LCD to save the new setting. 6) Press the MENU(SETUP) button or touch
[BACK] on the LCD to exit to normal operation. The Hang-Time of the VOX system (the transmit/
receive delay after the cessation of speech) may also be adjusted via the Menu mode. The default delay is 500 msec. To set a different delay time:
1) Activate the VOX circuitry, if necessary. 2) Press the MENU(SETUP) button to engage the Menu mode. 3) Rotate the MULTI knob to select Menu item 144 VOX DELAY, then touch [SELECT] on the LCD. 4) Rotate the MULTI knob while saying a brief syl-
lable like Ah and listening to the hang time for the desired delay. 5) When you satisfied with the setting, touch [EN-
TER] on the LCD to save the new setting. 6) Press the MENU(SETUP) button or touch
[BACK] on the LCD to exit to normal operation. Page 58 MULTI Knob The Anti-Trip setting adjusts the level of negative re-
ceiver audio feedback to the microphone, to prevent receiver audio from activating the transmitter (via the microphone). This setting can also be adjusted via Menu item 145 ANTI VOX GAIN. VOX operation may be engaged on either Voice modes (SSB/AM/FM) or on AFSK-based Data modes. Use Menu item 142 VOX SELECT (the se-
lections are MIC and DATA). FT-991 OperaTing Manual TransMiTTer ConvenienCe feaTures Monitor (SSb/AM/FM ModeS) You may listen to the quality of your transmitted signal using the Monitor feature. 1. Press the F(M-LIST) button, then touch [MONI] on the LCD. The MONI will appear on the TFT dis-
play. MENU(SETUP) Button 2. During transmission, rotate the MULTI knob to ad-
just the audio level in the Headphones or speaker. Clockwise rotation of this knob will increase the vol-
ume level. 3. To switch the Monitor off again, touch [MONI] on the LCD once more. Confirming that the Monitor is now disengaged. Advice:
Because the Monitor feature samples the transmit-
ter IF signal, it can be very useful for checking the adjustment of the Speech Processor or Parametric Equalizer on SSB, and for checking the general sig-
nal quality on AM and FM. F(M-LIST) Button MULTI Knob Page 59 FT-991 OperaTing Manual TransMiTTer ConvenienCe feaTures Split-Frequency operAtion A powerful capability of the FT-991 is its flexibility in Split Frequency operation using the VFO-A and VFO-B fre-
quency registers. This makes the FT-991 especially useful for high-level DX-peditions. The Split operation capability is very advanced and easy to use. 1. Rotate the Main Tuning Dial knob to set the desired Quick Split Operation The Quick Split feature allows you to set a one-touch offset of +5 kHz to be applied to your radios VFO-B
(transmit) frequency, compared to the VFO-A frequency. 1. Start with regular transceiver operation on the VFO-A. VFO-A RX Indicator: ON (LED glows Green) VFO-A TX Indicator: ON (LED glows Red) VFO-B RX Indicator: OFF (LED Off) VFO-B TX Indicator: OFF (LED Off) 2. Press and hold in the SPLIT button for one second to engage the Quick Split feature, and apply a fre-
quency 5 kHz above the VFO-A frequency to the VFO-B frequency register. The VFO configuration will then be:
VFO-A RX Indicator: ON (LED glows Green) VFO-A TX Indicator: OFF (LED Off) VFO-B RX Indicator: OFF (LED Off) VFO-B TX Indicator: ON (LED glows Red) 3. Press and hold in the SPLIT switch for one second to increment the Sub (VFO-B) frequency another +5 kHz. quick pointS:
The operating mode applied to the VFO-B register will be the same as that in use on the VFO-A regis-
ter. The offset of VFO-B from VFO-A is programmed via the Menu and is set to +5 kHz at the factory. However, other offsets may be selected using the fol-
lowing procedure:
1. Press the MENU(SETUP) button to engage the 2. Rotate the MULTI knob to select Menu item 034 Menu mode. QUICK SPLIT FREQ. 3. Touch [SELECT] on the LCD, then rotate the MULT knob to select the desired offset. The avail-
able selections are 20kHz ~ +20kHz (factory de-
fault: +5 kHz). 4. Touch [ENTER] button to save the new setting. 5. Press the MENU(SETUP) button or touch [BACK]
on the LCD to exit to normal operation. RX frequency. 2. Press the A/B button, then rotate the Main Tuning Dial knob to set the desired split TX frequency. 3. Press the A/B button, then press the SPLIT button. The VFO-B frequency will appear in the TFT dis-
play and the LED indicators will look like as below:
VFO-A RX Indicator: ON (LED glows Green) VFO-A TX Indicator: OFF (LED Off) VFO-B RX Indicator: OFF (LED Off) VFO-B TX Indicator: ON (LED glows Red) A/B Button TXW Button SPLIT Button During Split operation, the VFO-A register will be used for reception, while the VFO-B register will be used for transmission. If you press the SPLIT button once more, Split operation will be cancelled. Advice:
During Split operation, pressing the A/ B button will reverse the contents of the VFO-A and VFO-B. Press the A/B button once more to return to the original frequency alignment. During Split operation you may listen to the TX fre-
quency temporarily while pressing the TXW button located on the bottom left of the Main Tuning Dial knob. While pressing the TXW button during split opera-
tions, the frequency on the transmission side can be changed. It is possible to set different operating modes (for ex-
ample, LSB and USB) on the two VFOs used during Split operation. During Split operation it is also possible to set VFO-
A and VFO-B to different Amateur bands if you use a multi band antenna. Page 60 FT-991 OperaTing Manual Cw Mode operaTion The powerful CW operating capabilities of the FT-991 permit operation using an electronic keyer paddle, a straight key, or a computer-based keying device. Setup For StrAight key (And StrAight key eMulAtion) operAtion Before starting, connect your key line(s) to the front panel KEY jack. Be sure [BK-IN] displayed by pressing the F(M-
LIST) button is turned off for now. 1. Press the MODE button, then touch [CW-USB] on the LCD. The USB CW icon will appear in the display. The MONI icon will appear in the TFT display; and the CW monitor is activated. Advice:
If you press and hold the MODE button, you will engage the CW Reverse mode, whereby the op-
posite sideband injection is used, compared to the normal sideband. The LSB CW icon will ap-
pear in the display if you select CW Reverse. F(M-LIST) Button MODE Button MULTI Knob 2. Rotate the Main Tuning Dial knob to select the de-
sired operating frequency. 3. Press the F(M-LIST) button, then touch [BK-IN] on the LCD to engage automatic activation of the trans-
mitter when you close the CW key. The BK-IN icon will appear in the TFT display. Advice:
When you close your CW key, the transmitter will automatically be activated, and the CW car-
rier will be transmitted. When you release the key, transmission will cease, and after a brief delay, receive will be restored. The delay time is user-programmable per the discussion on page
##. As shipped from the factory, the FT-991 TX/RX system for CW is configured for Semi-break-
in operation. However, using Menu item 057 CW BK-IN, you may change this setup for full break-in (QSK) operation, whereby the switch-
ing is quick enough to hear incoming signals in the spaces between the dots and dashes of your transmission. This may prove very useful during contest and traffic handling operations. 4. Operation using your CW key may now proceed. If you set [BK-IN] displayed by pressing the F(M-
LIST) button to Off, you may practice sending CW with the sidetone only, without having the signal go out over the air. If you reduce power via [PROC] displayed by press-
ing the F(M-LIST) button, the ALC meter reading will increase; this is normal and does not indicate any problem whatsoever (because increased ALC voltage is being used to lower the power). terMinology:
Semi-break-in This is a pseudo-VOX mode used on CW, whereby the closure of the CW key will engage the transmitter, and release of the key will allow the receiver to recover after a short delay. No signals will be heard during the spaces between dots and dashes (unless the sending speed is extremely slow). Full break-in Full break-in (also known as Full QSK) involves very fast switching between transmit and receive, incoming signals may be heard between the dots and dashes as you send them. This allows you to hear a station that sud-
denly starts transmitting on your frequency, while you are in the midst of a transmission. Page 61 FT-991 OperaTing Manual Cw Mode operaTion uSing the built-in electronic keyer Connect the cable from your keyer paddle to the front panel KEY jack. 1. Press the MODE button, then touch [CW-USB] on the LCD. The USB CW icon will appear in the display. The MONI icon will appear in the TFT display; and the CW monitor is activated. MODE Button F(M-LIST) Button MULTI Knob Advice:
If you press the CW mode, you will engage the CW Reverse mode, whereby the opposite side-
band injection is used, compared to the normal sideband. The LSB CW icon will appear in the display if you select CW Reverse. 2. Rotate the Main Tuning Dial knob to select the de-
sired operating frequency. 3. Press the F(M-LIST) button, then touch [KEYER]
on the LCD to select ON. The KEYER will ap-
pear in the display, confirming that the built-in Elec-
tronic Keyer is now active. 4. Touch [SPEED] on the LCD repeatedly to set the desired sending speed (4 ~ 60 WPM). Advice:
The display will show the keying speed for 3 sec-
onds whenever [SPEED] on the LCD is touched. When you press either the Dot or Dash side of your paddle, the CW keying tone will auto-
matically be generated. 5. Touch [BK-IN] on the LCD to engage automatic ac-
tivation of the transmitter when you press either the Dot or Dash side of your paddle. The BK-IN icon will appear in the TFT display. 6. CW operation utilizing your paddle may now com-
mence. Advice:
When you utilize your keyer paddle, the transmit-
ter will automatically be activated, and the CW characters (or a string of dots and dashes) will be transmitted. When you release the keyer paddle con-
tacts, transmission will cease, and reception will be restored after a brief delay. The delay time is user-
programmable, per the discussion on page ##. Page 62 If you set [BK-IN] displayed by pressing the F(M-
LIST) button to Off, you may practice sending CW with the sidetone only, without having the signal go out over the air. If you reduce power via [PROC] displayed by press-
ing the F(M-LIST) button, the ALC meter reading will increase; this is normal and does not indicate any problem whatsoever (because increased ALC voltage is being used to lower the power). FT-991 OperaTing Manual Cw Mode operaTion uSing the built-in electronic keyer Full Break-in (QSK) Operation As shipped from the factory, the FT-991 TX/RX system for CW is configured for Semi-break-in operation. However, this setup may be changed to full break-in (QSK) operation using Menu item 057 CW BK-IN. With full break-in QSK, the TX/RX switching is quick enough to hear incoming signals in the spaces between the dots and dashes of your transmission. 1. Press the MENU(SETUP) button to engage the Menu. CW BK-IN. 2. Rotate the MULTI knob to select Menu item 057 3. Press the [SELECT] button, then rotate the MULTI knob to set this Menu item to FULL. 4. When your adjustments are complete, touch [EN-
TER] on the LCD to save the new setting. 5. Press the MENU(SETUP) button or touch
[BACK] on the LCD to exit to normal operation. MENU(SETUP) Button MULTI Knob A number of interesting and useful features are available during Electronic Keyer operation. This Menu item may be used to adjust the dot/dash ratio for the built-in Electronic Keyer. The default weighting is 3:1 (a dash is three times longer than a dot). Setting the Keyer Weight (Dot/Dash) Ratio 1. Press the MENU(SETUP) button to engage the 2. Rotate the MULTI knob to select Menu item 01 Menu. 3 CW WEIGHT. 3. Press the [SELECT] button, then rotate the MULTI knob to set the weight to the desired val-
ue. The available adjustment range is a Dot/Dash ratio of 2.5 ~ 4.5 (default value: 3.0). 4. When your adjustments are complete, touch [EN-
TER] on the LCD to save the new setting. 5. Press the MENU(SETUP) button or touch
[BACK] on the LCD to exit to normal operation. MENU(SETUP) Button MULTI Knob Page 63 FT-991 OperaTing Manual Cw Mode operaTion uSing the built-in electronic keyer Selecting the Keyer Operating Mode The configuration of the Electronic Keyer may be customized independently for the front panel KEY jack of the FT-991. This permits utilization of Automatic Character Spacing (ACS), if desired. This permits the use of an electronic keyer via the front jack and a straight key or computer-driven keying line via the rear panel jack. 1. Press the MENU(SETUP) button to engage the Menu. KEYER TYPE. 2. Rotate the MULTI knob to select Menu item 011 3. Press the [SELECT] button, then rotate the MULTI knob to set the keyer to the desired mode. The available selections are:
OFF:
The built-in Electronic Keyer is turned off (straight key mode). BUG: Dots will be generated automatically by the keyer, but dashes must be sent manually. ELEKEY: Both dots and dashes will be generated ACS:
automatically when using a paddle. Same as ELEKEY except that the spac-
ing between characters is precisely set by the keyer to be the same length as a dash (three dots in length) 4. When your adjustments are complete, touch [EN-
TER] on the LCD to save the new setting. 5. Press the MENU(SETUP) button or touch
[BACK] on the LCD to exit to normal operation. MENU(SETUP) Button MULTI Knob Inter-character Spacing too short ACS OFF ACS ON Morse
"E" & "T"
Morse
"E" & "T"
Page 64 FT-991 OperaTing Manual Cw ConvenienCe feaTures cw Spotting (zero-beAting) Spotting (zeroing in on another CW station) is a handy technique to ensure you and the other station are precisely on the same frequency. The Tuning Offset Indicator in the display may also be moved so you can adjust your receiver frequency to center the incoming station on the pitch corresponding to that of your transmitted signal. Using the Auto Zeroing System
(Only when the optional FFT unit is installed) Press the F(M-LIST) button, then touch [ZIN] on the LCD to adjust the receiving frequency to the zero-in au-
tomatically while receiving the CW signal. Using the SPOT System Press the F(M-LIST) button, then touch [SPOT] on the LCD. Touch [MONI] on the LCD, the Spot tone will be heard through your speaker. This tone corresponds to the pitch of your transmitted signal. If you adjust the receiv-
er frequency until the pitch of the received CW signal matches that of the Spot tone, your transmitted signal will be precisely matched to that of the other station. Touch [SPOT] on the LCD again to turn the Spot tone off. Advice:
In a tough DX pile-up, you may actually want to use the SPOT system to find a gap in the spread of calling stations, instead of zeroing in precisely on the last station being worked by the DX station. From the DX side, if a dozen or more operators (also using Yaesus SPOT system) all call precisely on the same frequency, their dots and dashes merge into a single, long tone that the DX station cannot decipher. In such situations, calling slightly higher or lower in frequency may get your call through. quick pointS:
The displayed frequency on CW normally reflects the zero beat frequency of your offset carrier. That is, if you were to listen on USB on 14.100.00 MHz to a signal with a 700 Hz offset, the zero beat fre-
quency of that CW carrier would be 14.100.70 MHz;
the latter frequency is what the FT-991 displays, by default. However, you can change the display to be identical to what you would see on SSB by using Menu item 060 CW FREQ DISPLAY and setting it to DIRECT FREQ instead of the default PITCH OFFSET setting. F(M-LIST) Button Page 65 FT-991 OperaTing Manual Cw ConvenienCe feaTures cw delAy tiMe Setting During semi-break-in (not QSK) operation, the hang time of the transmitter, after you have finished sending, may be ad-
justed to a comfortable value consistent with your sending speed. This is the functional equivalent of the VOX Delay adjustment used on voice modes, and the delay may be varied anywhere between 30 msec and 3 seconds via Menu item 064 CW BK-IN DELAY. 1. Press the F(M-LIST) button, then touch [BK-IN]
on the LCD to enable CW transmission (Menu item 057 CW BK-IN must be set to SEMI). MENU(SETUP) Button F(M-LIST) Button 2. Press the MENU(SETUP) button to enter the Menu mode. 3. Rotate the MULTI knob to select Menu item 058 CW BK-IN DELAY, then touch [SELECT] on the LCD. 4. Start sending and rotate the MULTI knob to adjust the hang time, as you prefer for comfortable opera-
tion. 5. When your adjustments are complete, touch [EN-
TER] on the LCD to save the new setting. 6. Press the MENU(SETUP) button or touch [BACK]
on the LCD to exit to normal operation. MULTI Knob Page 66 FT-991 OperaTing Manual Cw ConvenienCe feaTures conteSt MeMory keyer (uSing the optionAl Fh-2 reMote control keypAd) You may also utilize the CW message capability of the FT-991 from the optional FH-2 Remote Control Keypad, which plugs into the rear panel REM/ALC jack. Message Memory Five memory channels capable of retaining 50 characters each are provided (using the PARIS standard for characters and word length). Example: CQ CQ CQ DE W6DXC K (19 characters)
---- ------ ---- ------ ---- ------ -- ---- -- -- ---- ---- ----
(K)
(C)
(D) (E) (W)
(Q)
(D)
(X)
(Q)
(Q)
(C)
(C)
(C)
(6) Storing A MeSSAge into MeMory 1. Press the MENU(SETUP) button to enter the Menu mode. 2. Rotate the MULTI knob to select the CW Memory Register into which you wish to store the message;
for now, we are just setting the message entry tech-
nique to (Keyer entry). 017 CW MEMORY 1 018 CW MEMORY 2 019 CW MEMORY 3 020 CW MEMORY 4 021 CW MEMORY 5 3. Touch [SELECT] on the LCD, then rotate the MULTI knob to set the selected CW Memory Reg-
ister to MESSAGE. If you want to use your keyer paddle for message entry on all memories, set all five Menu items (#017 ~ 021) to MESSAGE. 4. Touch [ENTER] on the LCD to save the new set-
5. Press the MENU(SETUP) button or touch [BACK]
on the LCD to exit to normal operation. ting. MENU(SETUP) Button MULTI Knob terMinology:
PARIS Word Length: By convention among CW and Amateur operators (utilized by ARRL and others), the length of one word of CW is defined as the length of the Morse Code characters spelling the word PARIS. This character (dot/dash/space) length is used for the specific definition of code speed in words per minute. Contest Number Programming Use this process if you are starting a contest, or if you somehow get out of sync with the proper number in the middle of a contest. 1. Press the MENU(SETUP) button to enter the MENU(SETUP) Button Menu mode. 2. Rotate the MULTI knob to select Menu item 016 CONTEST NUMBER. The current contest num-
ber appears on the TFT display. 3. Touch [SELECT] on the LCD, then rotate the MULTI knob to set the Contest Number to the desired value. Advice:
Touch [BACK] on the LCD to cancel the setting. 4. Touch [ENTER] on the LCD to save the new set-
ting. MULTI Knob 5. Press the MENU(SETUP) button or touch
[BACK] on the LCD to exit to normal opera-
tion. Page 67 FT-991 OperaTing Manual Cw ConvenienCe feaTures conteSt MeMory keyer (uSing the optionAl Fh-2 reMote control keypAd) MeSSAge MeMory progrAMMing (uSing your pAddle) 1. Set the operating mode to CW. 2. Set [BK-IN] on the LCD to Off. 3. Turn the internal Electronic Keyer On. 4. Press the [MEM] key on the FH-2. A blinking REC icon will appear in the display. checking the cw MeMory contentS 1. Be sure that Break-in is still turned Off by [BK-IN]
2. Touch [MONI] on the LCD to enable the CW moni-
on the LCD. tor. 3. Press the FH-2 [1] ~ [5] key, whichever memory you just recorded in. You will hear the results in the sidetone monitor, but no RF energy will be transmit-
ted. 5. Press any of the FH-2 keys numbered [1] through [5]
to begin the memory storage process, and the REC icon will glow steadily. 6. Send the desired message using your keyer paddle. on-the-Air cw MeSSAge plAybAck 1. Touch [BK-IN] on the LCD to enable transmission. Either Full- or Semi-break-in will be engaged, de-
pending on the setting of Menu item 057 CW BK-
IN. 2. Press the FH-2 [1] ~ [5] key, depending on which CW Memory Register message you wish to transmit. The programmed message will be transmitted on the air. Advice:
If you do not start keying within ten seconds, the memory storage process will be cancelled. 7. Press the [MEM] key on the FH-2 once more at the end of your message. Up to 50 characters may be stored in each of the five memories. note:
If you subsequently decide to use the Text Memory technique for memory storage, please note that a mes-
sage stored using keyer paddle input will not be trans-
ferred over when you select Text Memory technique on a particular memory register (the Menu Mode Setting is set to TEXT). Page 68 FT-991 OperaTing Manual Cw ConvenienCe feaTures conteSt MeMory keyer (uSing the optionAl Fh-2 reMote control keypAd) TEXT Memory The five channels of CW message memory (up to 50 characters each) may also be programmed using a text-entry tech-
nique. This technique is somewhat slower than when you send the message directly from your keyer paddle, but accu-
racy of character spacing is ensured. Be sure to enter the character } at the end of texts. Example 1: CQ CQ CQ DE W6DXC K} (20 characters) The sequential Contest Number (Count up) feature is another powerful feature of the CW Memory Keyer. Example 2: 599 10 200 # K} (15 characters) text MeMory StorAge 1. Press and hold in the MENU(SETUP) button for one second to enter the Menu mode. 2. Rotate the MULTI knob to select the CW Memory Register into which you wish to store the message;
we are now setting the message entry technique to
(Text entry). 017 CW MEMORY 1 018 CW MEMORY 2 019 CW MEMORY 3 020 CW MEMORY 4 021 CW MEMORY 5 Advice:
The following texts are programmed to the MEM-
ORY 4 and MEMORY 5 in factory default. MEMORY 4: DE FT-991 K}
MEMORY 5: R 5NN K}
3. Touch [SELECT] on the LCD, then rotate the MULTI knob to set the selected CW Memory Regis-
ter to TEXT. If you want to use text message entry on all memories, set all five Menu items (#017 ~
021) to TEXT. 4. Touch [ENTER] on the LCD to save the new set-
5. Press the MENU(SETUP) button or touch [BACK]
on the LCD to exit to normal operation. ting. MENU(SETUP) Button MULTI Knob TEXT CW CODE TEXT CW CODE TEXT CW CODE TEXT CW CODE TEXT CW CODE TEXT CW CODE
!
#
$
%
SN AF SX KA
&
AS
+
AR
(
) WG KN KK
,
-
.
/
MIM DU AAA DN
:
;
<
=
>
OS KR
?
IMI
@
@
[
BT
}
AL IQ
^
_
}
Page 69 FT-991 OperaTing Manual Cw ConvenienCe feaTures conteSt MeMory keyer (uSing the optionAl Fh-2 reMote control keypAd) text MeSSAge progrAMMing 1. Press the MODE button to set the operating mode to CW. LCD, if necessary. 2. Be sure that Break-in is Off with [BK-IN] on the 3. Press the FH-2 [MEM] key. A blinking REC icon will appear in the display. 6. When the message is complete, add the } character at the end to signify the termination of the message. 7. Press and hold in the FH-2 [MEM] key for one sec-
ond to exit, once all characters (including }) have been programmed. checking the cw MeMory contentS 1. Be sure that Break-in is still turned Off with [BK-
IN] on the LCD. tor. 2. Touch [MONI] on the LCD to enable the CW moni-
3. Press an FH-2 [1] ~ [5] key, whichever memory you just recorded in. You will hear the results in the sid-
etone, but no RF energy will be transmitted. on-the-Air cw MeSSAge plAybAck 1. Touch [BK-IN] on the LCD to enable transmission. Either Full-break-in or Semi-break-in will be en-
gaged, depending on the setting of Menu item 063 CW BK-IN. 2. Press an FH-2 [1] ~ [5] key, depending on which CW Memory Register message you wish to transmit. The programmed message will be transmitted on the air. 4. Press an FH-2 [1] ~ [5] key to select the desired CW Memory Register into which you wish to program the text, the blinking REC icon will disappear. 5. Use the FH-2 [t] and [] keys to set the cursor position and use the FH-2s [p] and [q] keys to choose the letter/number to be programmed in each slot of the memory. In the case of the second ex-
ample on the previous page the # character desig-
nates the slot where the Contest Number will appear. Advice:
You may also use the Main Tuning Dial knob and the MULTI knobs to program the message characters. Page 70 FT-991 OperaTing Manual Cw ConvenienCe feaTures conteSt MeMory keyer (uSing the optionAl Fh-2 reMote control keypAd) note:
If you subsequently decide to use the Message Memo-
ry technique for memory storage, please note that the contents of a message stored using text input will not be transferred over when you set entry to Message Memo-
ry technique on a particular memory register (the Menu Mode Setting is set to MESSAGE). Decrementing the Contest Number Use this process if the current contest number gets slightly ahead of the actual number you want to send (in case of a duplicate QSO, for ex-
ample). Press the FH-2 [DEC] key momentarily. The current Contest Number will be reduced by one. Press of the FH-2 [DEC] key as many times as necessary to reach the desired number. If you go too far, use the Contest Number Programming technique described previously. Transmitting in the Beacon Mode In Beacon mode, it is possible to repeatedly transmit any message programmed, either via paddle input, or via the Text input method. The time delay between message repeats may be set anywhere between 1 and 690 seconds (1 ~ 240 sec (1 sec/step) or 270 ~ 690 sec (30 sec/step)) via Menu item 014 BEACON TIME If you do not wish the message to repeat in a Beacon mode, please set this Menu item to OFF. To transmit the message:
1. Touch [BK-IN] on the LCD to enable trans-
mission. Either Full-break-in or Semi-break-
in will be engaged, depending on the setting of Menu item 057 CW BK-IN. 2. Press an FH-2 [1] ~ [5] key. Repetitive trans-
mission of the Beacon message will begin. Page 71 FT-991 OperaTing Manual F(M-LIST) Button MODE Button FM Mode operation Basic OperatiOn 1. Press the MODE button, then touch the correspond-
ing key on the LCD to select the FM operating mode. The FM icon appears in the display. 2. Rotate the Main Tuning Dial knob to select the de-
sired operating frequency. Pressing the microphone UP or DWN button will cause frequency change in 5 kHz steps. 3. Press the microphone PTT switch to transmit. Speak into the microphone in a normal voice level. Release the PTT switch to return to receive. 4. Adjustment of the microphone gain may be accom-
plished in two ways. At the factory, a default level has been programmed that should be satisfactory for most situations. However, using Menu item 077 FM MIC GAIN, you may set a different fixed value, or choose the MCVR option, which then lets you use [MIC GAIN] on the LCD to set the microphone gain in the FM mode. advice:
The Transmit Monitor is another helpful way to verify proper adjustment of the FM MIC Gain. With
[MONI] displayed by pressing the F(M-LIST) but-
ton, you will be able to hear the differences in devia-
tion as you make adjustments. FM is only used in the 28 MHz, 50 MHz, 144 MHz, and 430 MHz Amateur bands covered by the FT-
991. Please do not use FM on any other bands. Page 72 FT-991 OperaTing Manual fM Mode operaTion repeAter operAtion The FT-991 may be utilized on 29 MHz, 50 MHz, 144 MHz, and 430 MHz repeaters. 1. Rotate the Main Tuning Dial knob to the output fre-
MENU(SETUP) Button F(M-LIST) Button MULTI Knob quency (downlink) from the repeater. 2. If CTCSS Tone operation is desired/needed, press the F(M-LIST) button, then touch [TONE] on the LCD to engage the CTCSS mode. 3. Touch [TONE] on the LCD repeatedly to select the desired CTCSS mode. If you just need to send the uplink encoding tone, select ENC. For encode/de-
code operation, choose T.SQL instead. The avail-
able choices are OFF ENC (Tone Encoder) 4. Rotate the MULTI knob to select the desired CTCSS Tone to be used. A total of 50 standard CTCSS tones are provided (see the CTCSS Tone Chart). T.SQL (Tone Squelch) OFF 5. Press the F(M-LIST) button, then touch [RPT] on the LCD to select the desired repeater shift direction. The selections are:
SIMP + SIMP where SIMP represents Simplex operation (not used on a repeater). 6. Press and hold the microphone PTT switch to begin transmission. You will observe that the frequency has shifted to correspond to the programming you set up in the previous steps, and a t notation will ap-
pear on the 10 Hz frequency digit while transmit-
ting. Speak into the microphone in a normal voice level. Release the PTT switch to return to the receive mode. Advice:
The conventional repeater shift used on 29 MHz is 100 kHz, while on the 50 MHz band the shift may vary between 500 kHz and 1.7 MHz (or more). To program the proper repeater shift, use Menu items 083 RPT SHIFT (28MHz) (28 MHz), 084 RPT SHIFT (50MHz) (50 MHz), 085 RPT SHIFT
(144MHz) (144 MHz), and 086 RPT SHIFT
(430MHz) (430 MHz) as appropriate. 77.0 69.3 91.5 ctcSS tone Frequency (Hz) 71.9 79.7 94.8 74.4 85.4 67.0 88.5 97.4 100.0 103.5 107.2 110.9 114.8 118.8 123.0 127.3 131.8 136.5 141.3 146.2 151.4 156.7 159.8 162.2 165.5 167.9 171.3 173.8 177.3 179.9 183.5 186.2 189.9 192.8 196.6 199.5 203.5 206.5 210.7 218.1 225.7 229.1 233.6 241.8 250.3 251.4 82.5
-
-
-
-
-
-
Page 73 FT-991 OperaTing Manual fM Mode operaTion You may also use Tone Squelch whereby your receiver will be kept silent until an incoming signal modulated with a matching CTCSS tone is received. The receiver squelch will then open in response to the reception of the required tone. tone Squelch operAtion MENU(SETUP) Button F(M-LIST) Button MULTI Knob 1. Rotate the Main tuning Dial to the output frequency
(downlink) from the repeater. 2. If CTCSS Tone operation is desired/needed, press the F(M-LIST) button, then touch [TONE] on the LCD to engage the CTCSS mode. 3. Touch [TONE] on the LCD repeatedly to choose T.SQL from the available choices of OFF ENC (Tone Encoder) T.SQL (Tone Squelch) OFF 4. Rotate the MULTI knob to select the desired CTCSS Tone to be used. Fifty standard CTCSS tones are provided (see the CTCSS Tone Chart). 5. A d notation on the 1 Hz frequency digit in the display will indicate that the Tone Decoder is engaged. A t notation on the 1 Hz frequency digit while transmitting will indicate that the Tone Squelch is engaged. Page 74 FT-991 OperaTing Manual MeMorY operaTion convenient MeMory FunctionS The FT-991 contains ninety-nine regular memories, labeled 01 through 99, nine special programmed limit mem-
ory pairs, labeled P-1L/P-1U through P-9L/P-9U, and five QMB (Quick Memory Bank) memories, labeled C-1 through C-5. Each stores various settings, in addition to the VFO-A frequency and mode (See below). By default, the 99 regular memories are contained in one group; however, they can be arranged in up to six separate groups, if desired. quick point:
The FT-991 memory channels store the following data (not just the operating frequency):
VFO-A Frequency VFO-A Mode Clarifier status and its Offset Frequency ANT status IPO status Roofing filter status and its Bandwidth Attenuator status Noise Blanker status IF SHIFT and WIDTH status CONTOUR status and its Peak Frequency DSP Noise Reduction (DNR) status and its Reduction algorithm selection. DSP Notch filter (NOTCH) status NAR bandwidth status DSP Auto Notch filter (DNF) status Repeater Shift Direction regulAr MeMory chAnnelS pMS MeMory chAnnelS 99 98 97 P-9L/9U P-8L/8U P-7L/7U P-6L/6U P-5L/5U P-4L/4U 03 02 01 P-3L/3U P-2L/2U P-1L/1U qMb MeMory chAnnel C-1 C-2 C-3 C-4 C-5 qMb (quick MeMory bAnk) The Quick Memory Bank consists of five memories (labeled Q-1 through Q-5) independent from the regular and PMS memories. These can quickly store operating parameters for later recall. QMB Channel Storage 1. Tune to the desired frequency on the VFO-A. 2. Press the RCL/STO button. The beep will confirm that the VFO-A contents have been written to the currently available QMB memory. RCL/STO Button Q-2 Q-3 Q-4 Q-5 Q-1. If you repeatedly press the RCL/STO button, the QMB memories will be written in the following order:
Once all five QMB memories have data on them, previ-
ous data (starting with channel Q-1) will be over-written on a first-in, first-out basis. QMB Channel Recall 1. Press the RCL/STO button. The current QMB chan-
nel data will be shown on the frequency display area. The QMB icon will also appear and the Memory Mode indicators in the LED indicators area will il-
luminate. 2. Repeatedly pressing the RCL/STO button will tog-
gle you through the QMB channels:
Q-2 Q-3 Q-4 Q-5 Q-1. 3. Press the V/M button to return to the VFO or Memo-
ry mode. Advice:
Rotating the Main Tuning Dial knob, or changing the operating mode, will place the transceiver in the Mem-
ory Tune mode, which is a temporary pseudo-VFO method of tuning off of a stored memory channel. If you do not over-write the contents of the current memory channel, the original contents will not be disturbed by the initiation of Memory Tune operation. Page 75 FT-991 OperaTing Manual MeMorY operaTion StAndArd MeMory operAtion The Standard Memory of the FT-991 allows storage and recall of up to 99 memories, each storing frequency, mode, and a wide variety of status information, detailed previously. Memories may be grouped into as many as six Memory Groups, and additionally you get nine pairs of band-limit (PMS) memories along with five QMB (Quick Memory Bank) memories. Memory Storage 1. Set VFO-A up with the frequency, mode, and status, MULTI Knob AM Button F(M-LIST) Button MULTI Knob V/M Button the way you want to have it stored. 2. Press the A M button momentarily; the current channel number will start blinking in the display and the MCK notation will appear. 3. Rotate the MULTI knob to select the memory chan-
nel that you wish to store the data on. 4. Press and hold in the AM button for one second to store the frequency and other data into the selected memory channel. A double beep will confirm that you have held the AM button in long enough. Memory Channel Recall 1. Press the V/M button, if necessary, to enter the Memory mode. 2. Press the F(M-LIST) button, then touch [MCH] on the LCD. A memory channel number and the MCH notation will appear in the display. 3. After touching [MCH] on the LCD, you may rotate the MULTI knob to select the desired memory chan-
nel. Advice:
To work within a particular Memory Group, press the F(M-LIST) button, then touch [GRP] on the LCD. Rotate the MULTI knob to select the desired Memory Group, then touch [ENTER] on the LCD (the MCH notation will appear instead of the GRP); you may now choose the memory channel within the selected Memory Group. Page 76 FT-991 OperaTing Manual MeMorY operaTion StAndArd MeMory operAtion Labeling Memories You may wish to append an Alphanumeric Tag (label) to a memory or memories, to aid in recollection of the chan-
nels use (such as a club name, etc.). To do this:
1. Press the V/M button, if necessary, to enter the MULTI Knob V/M Button Memory Mode. 2. Press and hold in the F(M-LIST) button. The data stored in the currently selected memory channel will be displayed on the TFT. 3. Rotate the MULTI knob to recall the memory chan-
nel that you wish to append a label. 4. Touch [TAG] on the LCD. A blinking cursor will appear on the first digit. 5. Touch a key on the LCD to enter the letters, num-
bers, or symbols of the desired label. 6. Repeat step 5 to program the remaining letters, num-
bers, or symbols of the desired label. 18 characters may be used in the creation of a label. Use [] and [] on the LCD to set the cursor posi-
tion and [t] on the LCD to erase a letter at the left of the cursor. 7. When you have completed the creation of the label, touch [ENT] on the LCD. 8. Press the F(M-LIST) button to save the new setting and return to normal operation. Checking a Memory Channel Status Before programming a channel into memory, you can check the current contents of that channel without the danger of over-writing the channel accidentally. 1. Press the AM button momentarily. The data stored in the currently selected memory channel will be displayed on the TFT. However, since you are only checking the contents of the memory channel, your radio will not have moved to the memory channel frequency. 2. Rotate the MULTI knob to select a different memory channel. To exit from the Memory Check mode, press the AM button momentarily once more. Advice:
While the Memory Check function is engaged, the memory channel number will blink in the display. While operating in the VFO mode, using Memory Check, you may store the current VFO frequency into the selected memory by pressing and holding in the AM button for one second (until the double beep). Conversely, if you wish to write the contents of the current memory into the VFO-A register, press the V/M button. V/M Button MULTI Knob AM Button Page 77 FT-991 OperaTing Manual MeMorY operaTion StAndArd MeMory operAtion Erasing Memory Channel Data 1. Press and hold in the F(M-LIST) button. 2. Rotate the MULTI knob to select the memory chan-
nel that you would like to erase. 3. Touch [ERASE] on the LCD. Advice:
The FT-991 can not erase the memory channels 01
(and 501 through 510: U.S. version). If you make a mistake and wish to restore the memo-
rys contents, just repeat steps (1) through (3) above. F(M-LIST) Button MULTI Knob Page 78 FT-991 OperaTing Manual MeMorY operaTion StAndArd MeMory operAtion Memory Tune Operation You may freely tune off from any memory channel in a Memory Tune mode, this is similar to VFO operation. So long as you do not over-write the contents of the current memory, Memory Tune operation will not alter the contents of the memory channel. 1. Press the V/M button to recall any memory channel. 2. Press the F(M-LIST) button, then touch [MCH] on 3. Rotate the MULTI knob to select the memory chan-
the LCD. nel. 4. Rotate the Main Tuning Dial knob; you will now ob-
serve that the memory channel frequency is chang-
ing. Advice:
During Memory Tune operation, you may change operating modes, and engage the offset Clarifier, if desired. 5. Press the V/M button momentarily to return to the originally memorized frequency of the current mem-
ory channel. One more press of the V/M button will return to VFO operation. F(M-LIST) Button MULTI Knob V/M Button note:
Computer software programs utilizing the CAT system interface port may presume that the transceiver is oper-
ating in the VFO mode, for certain features like band mapping and/or frequency logging, because the Mem-
ory Tune mode so closely resembles the VFO mode. Be sure that you have the FT-991 operating in a control mode compatible with your softwares requirements. Use the VFO mode if youre not sure. Page 79 FT-991 OperaTing Manual MeMorY operaTion MeMory groupS Memory channels may be arranged into as many as six convenient groups, for easy identification and selection. For ex-
ample, you might want to designate memory groups for AM BC stations, short-wave broadcast stations, contest frequen-
cies, repeater frequencies and PMS limits, or any other groupings you like. Each memory group is capable of holding up to 20 memory channels (except Memory Group 01: it is 19 memory chan-
nels, and the Group size is fixed). When a memory channel is grouped, the channel numbers change to correspond to the chart below:
Memory Group Assignment 1. Press the MENU(SETUP) button to enter the Menu MENU(SETUP) Button mode. MEM GROUP. 2. Rotate the MULTI knob to select Menu item 033 3. Touch [SELECT] on the LCD, then rotate the MULTI knob to set this Menu item to ENABLE (the default setting is DISABLE). 4. Touch [ENTER] on the LCD to save the new set-
5. Press the MENU(SETUP) button or [BACK] on the LCD to exit. Operation will now be restricted to the six Memory Groups. ting. To cancel Memory Group operation, repeat steps (1) through (4) above, choosing DISABLE in step (3). Advice:
To avoid confusion, note that the PMS memory group and the PMS memories P-1L through P-9U will be so designated. Choosing the Desired Memory Group You may recall memories just within a particular Memory Group, if desired. MULTI Knob MeMory chAnnel nuMber group MeMory oFF group MeMory on 01 ~ 19 20 ~ 39 40 ~ 59 60 ~ 79 80 ~ 99 1-01 ~ 1-19 2-01 ~ 2-20 3-01 ~ 3-20 4-01 ~ 4-20 5-01 ~ 5-20 P-1L/1U ~ P-9L/9U 5M-01 ~ 5M-10 P-1L/1U ~ P-9L/9U US-1 ~ US-5 F(M-LIST) Button MULTI Knob V/M Button 1. Press the V/M button, if necessary, to enter the Memory mode. 2. Press the F(M-LIST) button, then touch [GRP] on the LCD. The GRP icon will appear on the dis-
play. 3. Rotate the MULTI knob to select the desired Memo-
ry Group. 4. Press the F(M-LIST) button, then touch [MCH] on the LCD. The MCH icon will appear on the dis-
play. 5. Rotate the MULTI knob to select the desired Memo-
ry Channel within the Selected Memory Group. Advice:
If no channels have been assigned to a particular Memo-
ry Group, you will not have access to that Group. Page 80 FT-991 OperaTing Manual operaTion on alaska eMergenCY freQuenCY: 5167.5 khz (u.s. version onlY) Section 97.401(d) of the regulations governing amateur radio in the United States permit emergency amateur commu-
nications on the spot frequency of 5167.5 kHz by stations in (or within 92.6 km of) the state of Alaska. This frequency is only to be used when the immediate safety of human life and/or property are threatened, and is never to be used for routine communications. The FT-991 includes the capability for transmission and reception on 5167.5 kHz under such emergency conditions via the Menu system. To activate this feature:
1. Press the MENU(SETUP) button to enter the Menu mode. ting. 2. Rotate the MULTI knob to select Menu item 149 EMERGENCY FREQ TX. 3. Touch [SELECT] on the LCD, then rotate the MULTI knob to select ENABLE. 4. Touch [ENTER] on the LCD to save the new set-
5. Press the MENU(SETUP) button or [BACK] on the LCD to exit to normal operation. Emergency com-
munication on this spot frequency is now possible. 6. Press the V/M button, as necessary, to enter the 7. Press the F(M-LIST) button, then touch [MCH] on Memory mode. the LCD. 8. Rotate the MULTI knob to select the emergency channel (EMERGENCY), which is found between channels 510 and 01). note:
The receive-mode CLARIFIER functions normally while using this frequency, but variation of the trans-
mit frequency is not possible. The full specifications of the FT-991 are not necessarily guaranteed on this frequency, but power output and receiver sensitivity should be fully satisfactory for the purpose of emer-
gency communication. If you wish to disable operation capability on the Alaska Emergency Frequency, repeat the above pro-
cedures, but set the Menu item 149 EMERGENCY FREQ TX to DISABLE in step 3. In an emergency, note that a half-wave dipole cut for this frequency should be approximately 453 on each leg (906 total length). Emergency operation on 5167.5 kHz is shared with the Alaska-Fixed Ser-
vice. This transceiver is not authorized for operation, under the FCC Part 87, for aeronautical communica-
tions. You may scan either the VFO or the memories of the FT-991, and the radio will halt scanning on any fre-
quency with a signal strong enough to open the receiver squelch. MENU(SETUP) Button F(M-LIST) Button MULTI Knob V/M Button Page 81 FT-991 OperaTing Manual vfo and MeMorY sCanning 1. Set the VFO-A to the frequency on which you would like to begin scanning. 2. Rotate the RF GAIN knob so that the background noise is just silenced. vFo ScAnning 3. Press and hold in the microphone UP or DWN but-
ton for one second to start scanning in the specified direction on the VFO frequency. 4. If the scanner halts on an incoming signal, the deci-
mal point between the MHz and kHz digits of the frequency display will blink. Advice:
If the incoming signal disappears, scanning will resume in about five seconds. On the SSB/CW and SSB-based Data modes, the scanner will pause on a received signal, then will step across the signal very slowly, giving you time to stop the scan, if you like. In these modes on the VFO, the scanner does not stop, however. 5. To cancel scanning, press the PTT switch. Advice:
If you press the microphone PTT switch during scanning, the scanner will halt at once. However, pressing the PTT switch during scanning will not cause transmission. You may select the manner in which the scanner re-
sumes while it has paused on a signal, using Menu item 037 MIC SCAN RESUME. The default TIME
(5 sec) setting will cause the scanner to resume scan-
ning after five seconds; you may change it, however, to resume only after the carrier has dropped out. RF GAIN Knob Page 82 FT-991 OperaTing Manual vfo and MeMorY sCanning MeMory ScAn 1. Set the transceiver up in the Memory mode by pressing the V/M button, if necessary. 2. Rotate the RF GAIN knob so that the background noise is just silenced. 3. Press and hold in the microphone UP or DWN but-
ton for one second to start scanning in the specified direction. Advice:
If the scanner halts on an incoming signal, the decimal point between the MHz and kHz digits of the frequency display will blink. If the incoming signal disappears, scanning will resume in about five seconds. 4. To cancel scanning, press the PTT witch. Advice:
During Memory Group operation, only the channels within the current Memory Group will be scanned. If the scan has paused on a signal, pressing the mi-
crophone UP or DWN button will cause scanning to resume instantly. If you press the microphone PTT switch during scanning, the scanner will halt at once. However, pressing the PTT switch during scanning will not cause transmission. You may select the manner in which the scanner re-
sumes while it has paused on a signal, using Menu item 037 MIC SCAN RESUME. During memory scanning, the default TIME (5 sec) setting will cause the scanner to resume scanning after five seconds. However, you may change this setting to resume only after the carrier has dropped out, if you like. quick point:
If you have no interest in scanning, and wish to prohibit the microphone UP/DWN buttons from initiating scan-
ning, you may disable scanning control from the mi-
crophone using Menu item 036 MIC SCAN (set it to DISABLE). V/M Button RF GAIN Knob Page 83 FT-991 OperaTing Manual pMs (prograMMable MeMorY sCanning) To limit scanning (and manual tuning) within a particular frequency range, you can use the Programmable Memory Scanning (PMS) feature, which utilizes nine special-purpose memory pairs (P-1L/P-1U through P-9L/P-9U). The PMS feature is especially useful in helping you to observe any operating sub-band limits, which apply to your Amateur license class. F(M-LIST) Button RF GAIN Knob MULTI Knob V/M Button 1. Store the Lower and Upper tuning/scanning limit frequencies into the memory pair P-1L and P-1U, respectively, or any other L/U pair of memories in the special PMS memory area. See page ## for de-
tails regarding memory storage. 2. Press the V/M button to enter the Memory mode. 3. Press the F(M-LIST) button, then touch [MCH] on the LCD. The LEDs indicating the Memory mode will illuminate. 4. Rotate the MULTI knob to select memory channel 5. Rotate the RF GAIN knob so that the background P-1L or P-1U. noise is just silenced. 6. Turn the Main Tuning Dial knob slightly (to activate memory tuning). Tuning and scanning are now limit-
ed to the range within the P-1L/P-1U limits until you press the V/M button to return to memory channel or VFO operation. 7. Press and hold in the microphone UP or DWN but-
ton for one second to start scanning in the specified direction. Advice:
If the scanner halts on an incoming signal, the decimal point between the MHz and kHz digits of the frequency display will blink. If the incoming signal disappears, scanning will resume in about five seconds. On the SSB/CW and SSB-based Data modes, the scanner will pause on a received signal, then will step across the signal very slowly, giving you time to stop the scan, if you like. However, in these modes on the VFO, the scanner does not stop. If the scan has paused on a signal, pressing the microphone UP or DWN button will cause scan-
ning to resume instantly. 8. If you rotate the Main Tuning Dial knob in the op-
posite direction from the current scanning direction
(in other words, you rotate the dial to the left when scanning toward a higher frequency), the direction of the scan will reverse. 9. If you press the microphone PTT switch during scanning, the scanner will halt at once. Pressing the PTT switch during scanning will not cause transmis-
sion. Page 84 FT-991 OperaTing Manual rTTY (radio TeleTYpe) operaTion exAMple oF connecting rtty coMMunicAtionS device Connect the RTTY communications TU (Terminal Unit) to the rear panel RTTY/PKT terminal. Be sure to read the in-
structions manual of the device to connect when connecting. See page ## for details on the connections and settings to use the optional USB Interface Unit SCU-17. Advice:
You can adjust RTTY data output level using Menu item 099 RTTY OUT LEVEL. TU Page 85 FT-991 OperaTing Manual daTa (psk) operaTion exAMple oF dAtA coMMunicAtionS device You can use commercial and free computer software for PSK data communications. See the illustration below for con-
nection to your computer. Be sure to read the instruction manual of the device to be connected to the radio and computer. See page ## for details on the connections and settings to use the optional USB Interface Unit SCU-17. Advice:
You can set the data output level for data communi-
cations (PSK31, SSTV, etc.) using Menu item 075 DATA OUT LEVEL. You can set VOX DELAY in VOX operation for data communications (PSK31, SSTV, etc.) using Menu item 147 DATA VOX DELAY. You can also set data input VOX gain using Menu item 146 DATA VOX GAIN. To LINE IN/MIC IN, LINE OUT/MIC OUT, COM port, etc. Interface device commercially available Page 86 FT-991 OperaTing Manual The Menu system of the FT-991 provides extensive customization capability, so you can set up your transceiver just the way you want to operate it. The Menu items are grouped by general utilization category, and are numbered from 001 AGC to 149 E/D PSK. Menu Mode Using the Menu 1. Press the MENU(SETUP) button to engage the Menu mode. The display will show the Menu Number, the Menu Group Name and the Menu Item. 2. Rotate the MULTI knob to select the Menu item you wish to modify. 3. Touch [SELECT] on the LCD, then rotate the MULTI knob to change the current setting of the se-
lected Menu item. Advice:
Touch [BACK] on the LCD to cancel the setting. 4. When you have finished making your adjustments, touch [ENTER] on the LCD to save the new set-
ting, then press the MENU(SETUP) button or touch
[BACK] on the LCD to exit to normal operation. MENU(SETUP Button MULTI Knob Page 87 FT-991 OperaTing Manual Menu Mode Menu Function No. 001 FAST DELAY 002 MID DELAY 003 SLOW DELAY 004 MY CALL TIME 005 DISPLAY COLOR 006 DIMMER LED 007 DIMMER TFT 008 BAR MTR PEAK HOLD 009 RX OUT LEVEL 010 TX OUT LEVEL 011 KEYER TYPE 012 CW KEYER 013 CW WEIGHT 014 BEACON TIME 015 NUMBER STYLE 016 CONTEST NUMBER 017 CW MEMORY 1 018 CW MEMORY 2 019 CW MEMORY 3 020 CW MEMORY 4 021 CW MEMORY 5 022 NB WIDTH 023 NB REJECTION 024 NB LEVEL 025 BEEP LEVEL 026 TIME ZONE 027 GPS/232C SELECT 028 232C RATE 029 232C TOT 030 CAT RATE 031 CAT TOT 032 CAT RTS 033 MEM GROUP 034 QUICK SPLIT FREQ 035 TX TOT 036 MIC SCAN 037 MIC SCAN RESUME 038 FREQ ADJ 039 CLAR SELECT 040 AM LCUT FREQ 041 AM LCUT SLOPE 042 AM HCUT FREQ 043 AM HCUT SLOPE 044 AM MIC SEL 045 AM MIC GAIN 046 AM OUT LEVEL 047 REAR PTT SELECT 048 REAR PORT SELECT 049 AM DATA GAIN 050 CW LCUT FREQ 051 CW LCUT SLOPE Available Settings 20 4000 (20msec/step) 20 4000 (20msec/step) 20 4000 (20msec/step) OFF 5sec BLUE/GRAY/GREEN/ORANGE/PURPLE/RED/
SKY BLUE/
1/2 0 15 OFF/0.5/1.0/2.0 (sec) 0 100 0 100 OFF/BUG/ELEKEY-A/ELEKEY-B/ELEKEY-Y/
ACS NOR/REV 2.5 4.5 OFF/1 240sec/270 690sec 1290/AUNO/AUNT/A2NO/A2NT/12NO/12NT 0 9999 TEXT/MESSAGE TEXT/MESSAGE TEXT/MESSAGE TEXT/MESSAGE TEXT/MESSAGE 1/3/10msec 10/30/50dB 0 100 0 100
-12:00 0:00 +14:00 GPS/RS232C 4800/9600/19200/38400 (bps) 10/100/1000/3000 (msec) 4800/9600/19200/38400 (bps) 10/100/1000/3000 (msec) ENABLE/DISABLE ENABLE/DISABLE
-20 +20kHz OFF/1 30 (min) ENABLE/DISABLE PAUSE/TIME
-25 0 25 RX/TX/TRX OFF/100Hz 1000Hz (50Hz/step) 6dB/oct / 18dB/oct 700Hz 4000Hz (50Hz/step) / OFF 6dB/oct / 18dB/oct MIC/REAR MCVR/0 100 0 100 DAKY/RTS/DTR DATA/USB 0 100 OFF/100Hz 1000Hz(50Hz/step) 6dB/oct / 18dB/oct Default Value 300msec 700msec 3000msec 1sec BLUE 2 8 OFF 50 50 ELEKEY-B NOR 3.0 OFF 1290 1 TEXT TEXT TEXT TEXT TEXT 3msec 30dB 50dB 50 0:00 GPS 4800bps 10msec 4800bps 10msec ENABLE DISABLE 5kHz OFF ENABLE TIME 0 OFF 6dB/oct OFF 6dB/oct MIC 30 50 DAKY DATA 50 250Hz 18dB/oct Group AGC AGC AGC DISPLAY DISPLAY DISPLAY DISPLAY DISPLAY DVS DVS KEYER KEYER KEYER KEYER KEYER KEYER KEYER KEYER KEYER KEYER KEYER GENERAL GENERAL GENERAL GENERAL GENERAL GENERAL GENERAL GENERAL GENERAL GENERAL GENERAL GENERAL GENERAL GENERAL GENERAL GENERAL GENERAL GENERAL MODE-AM MODE-AM MODE-AM MODE-AM MODE-AM MODE-AM MODE-AM MODE-CW MODE-CW Page 88 FT-991 OperaTing Manual Menu Mode Group MODE-CW MODE-CW MODE-CW MODE-CW MODE-CW MODE-CW MODE-CW MODE-CW MODE-CW MODE-CW MODE-CW MODE-DATA MODE-DATA MODE-DATA MODE-DATA MODE-DATA MODE-DATA MODE-DATA MODE-DATA MODE-DATA MODE-DATA MODE-DATA MODE-DATA MODE-DATA MODE-FM MODE-FM MODE-FM MODE-FM MODE-FM MODE-FM MODE-FM MODE-FM MODE-FM MODE-FM MODE-FM MODE-FM MODE-FM MODE-RTTY MODE-RTTY MODE-RTTY MODE-RTTY MODE-RTTY MODE-RTTY MODE-RTTY MODE-RTTY MODE-RTTY MODE-RTTY MODE-SSB MODE-SSB MODE-SSB Menu Function No. 052 CW HCUT FREQ 053 CW HCUT SLOPE 054 CW OUT LEVEL 055 CW AUTO MODE 056 CW BFO 057 CW BK-IN 058 CW BK-IN DELAY 059 CW WAVE SHAPE 060 CW FREQ DISPLAY 061 PC KEYING 062 QSK 063 DATA MODE 064 PSK TONE 065 OTHER DISP (SSB) 066 OTHER SHIFT (SSB) 067 DATA LCUT FREQ 068 DATA LCUT SLOPE 069 DATA HCUT FREQ 070 DATA HCUT SLOPE 071 DATA IN SELECT 072 DATA MIC GAIN 073 REAR PTT SELECT 074 REAR PORT SELECT 075 DATA OUT LEVEL 076 FM MIC SEL 077 FM MIC GAIN 078 FM OUT LEVEL 079 REAR PTT SELECT 080 REAR PORT SELECT 081 FM PKT GAIN 082 FM PKT MODE 083 RPT SHIFT 28MHz 084 RPT SHIFT 50MHz 085 RPT SHIFT 144MHz 086 RPT SHIFT 430MHz 087 ARS 144MHz 088 ARS 430MHz 089 DCS POLARITY 090 AMS TX MODE 091 RADIO ID 092 RTTY LCUT FREQ 093 RTTY LCUT SLOPE 094 RTTY HCUT FREQ 095 RTTY HCUT SLOPE 096 RTTY SHIFT PORT 097 POLARITY-R 098 POLARITY-T 099 RTTY OUT LEVEL 100 RTTY SHIFT 101 RTTY MARK FREQ 102 SSB LCUT FREQ 103 SSB LCUT SLOPE 104 SSB HCUT FREQ Available Settings 700Hz 4000Hz(50Hz/step) 6dB/oct / 18dB/oct 0 100 OFF/50M/ON USB/LSB/AUTO SEMI/FULL 30 3000 (msec) 1/2/4/6 (msec) DIRECT FREQ/PITCH OFFSE OFF/DAKY/RTS/DTR 15/20/25/30(msec) PSK/OTHERS 1000/1500/2000(Hz)
-3000 0 +3000(10Hz/step)
-3000 0 +3000(10Hz/step) OFF/100 1000(Hz)(50Hz/step) 6dB/oct / 18dB/oct 700 4000(Hz)(50Hz/step)/OFF 6dB/oct / 18dB/oc REAR/MIC 0 100 DAKY/RTS/DTR DATA/USB 0 100 MIC/REAR MCVR/0 100 0 100 DAKY/RTS/DTR DATA/USB 0 100 1200/9600 0 1000kHz (10kHz/step) 0 4000kHz (10kHz/step) 0 4000kHz (10kHz/step) 0 9990kHz (10kHz/step) OFF/ON OFF/ON Tn-Rn/Tn-Riv/Tiv-Rn/Tin-Riv AUTO/DN/VW/ANALOG OFF/100Hz 1000Hz (50Hz/step) 6dB/oct / 18dB/oct 700Hz 4000Hz (50Hz/step) / OFF 6dB/oct / 18dB/oct SHIFT/DTR/RTS NOR/REV NOR/REV 0 100 170/200/425/850 (Hz) 1275/2125 (Hz) OFF/100Hz 1000Hz (50Hz/step) 6dB/oct / 18dB/oct 700Hz 4000Hz (50Hz/step) / OFF Default Value 1200Hz 18dB/oct 50 OFF USB SEMI 200msec 4msec PITCH OFFSE OFF 15msec PSK 1000Hz 0Hz 0Hz 300Hz 18dB/oct 3000Hz 18dB/oct REAR 50 DAKY DATA 50 MIC 30 50 DARY DATA 50 1200 100kHz 1000kHz 600kHz 5000kHz ON ON Tn-Rn AUTO
*****
300Hz 18dB/oct 3000Hz 18dB/oct SHIFT NOR NOR 50 170Hz 2125Hz 100Hz 6dB/oct 3000Hz Page 89 FT-991 OperaTing Manual Menu Mode Group MODE-SSB MODE-SSB MODE-SSB Menu Function No. 105 SSB HCUT SLOPE 106 SSB MIC SELECT 107 SSB OUT LEVEL 108 REAR PTT SELECT 109 REAR PORT SELECT MODE-SSB 110 SSB TX BPF RX-DSP RX-DSP RX-DSP RX-DSP AF-SCOPE TX AUDIO TX AUDIO TX AUDIO TX AUDIO TX AUDIO TX AUDIO TX AUDIO TX AUDIO TX AUDIO TX AUDIO TX AUDIO TX AUDIO TX AUDIO TX AUDIO TX AUDIO TX AUDIO TX AUDIO TX AUDIO TX GNRL TX GNRL TX GNRL TX GNRL TX GNRL TX GNRL TX GNRL TX GNRL TX GNRL TX GNRL TX GNRL TX GNRL TX GNRL 111 APF WIDTH 112 CONTOUR LEVE 113 CONTOUR WIDTH 114 IF NOTCH WIDTH 115 DISPLAY MODE 116 START CYCLE 117 START DIAL SPEED 118 SPAN FREQ 119 PRMTRC EQ1 FREQ 120 PRMTRC EQ1 LEVEL 121 PRMTRC EQ1 BWTH 122 PRMTRC EQ2 FREQ 123 PRMTRC EQ2 LEVEL 124 PRMTRC EQ2 BWTH 125 PRMTRC EQ3 FREQ 126 PRMTRC EQ3 LEVEL 127 PRMTRC EQ3 BWTH 128 P-PRMTRC EQ1 FREQ 129 P-PRMTRC EQ1 LEVEL 130 P-PRMTRC EQ1 BWTH 131 P-PRMTRC EQ2 FREQ 132 P-PRMTRC EQ2 LEVEL 133 P-PRMTRC EQ2 BWTH 134 P-PRMTRC EQ3 FREQ 135 P-PRMTRC EQ3 LEVEL 136 P-PRMTRC EQ3 BWTH 137 HF TX MAX POWER 138 50M TX MAX POWER 139 144M TX MAX POWER 140 430M TX MAX POWER 141 TUNER SELECT 142 VOX SELECT 143 VOX GAIN 144 VOX DELAY 145 ANTI VOX GAIN 146 DATA VOX GAIN 147 DATA VOX DELAY 148 ANTI DVOX GAIN 149 EMERGENCY FREQ TX Available Settings 6dB/oct / 18dB/oct MIC/REAR 0 100 DAKY DATA/USB 100-3000/100-2900/200-2800/300-2700/400-
2600 NARROW/MEDIUM/WIDE
-40 0 20 1 11 NARROW/WIDE SPECTRUM/WATER FALL OFF/3/5/10 (sec) 0.25kHz/0.5kHz/1kHz/2kHz/4kHz (sec) 50/100/200/500/1000 (kHz) OFF/100 700 (100/step)
-20 0 +10 1 10 OFF/700 1500 (100/step)
-20 0 +10 1 10 OFF/1500 3200 (100/step)
-20 0 +10 1 10 OFF/100 700 (100/step)
-20 0 10 1 10 OFF/700 1500 (100/step)
-20 0 10 1 10 OFF/1500 3200 (100/step)
-20 0 10 1 10 5 100 0 100 0 50 0 50 OFF/INTERNAL/EXTERNAL/ATAS/LAMP MIC/DATA 0 100 30 3000 (msec) 0 100 0 100 30 3000 (msec) 0 100 DISABLE/ENABLE Default Value 6dB/oct MIC 50 DAKY DATA 300-2700 MEDIUM
-15 10 WIDE SPECTRUM OFF 1kHz/sec 100kHz OFF 5 10 OFF 5 10 OFF 5 10 200 0 2 800 0 1 2100 0 1 100 100 50 50 INTERNAL MIC 50 500msec 50 50 100msec 0 DISABLE Page 90 FT-991 OperaTing Manual SpecificationS 30 kHz - 55.999995 MHz 118 MHz - 163.999995 MHz 420 MHz - 469.999995 MHz 1.8 MHz - 430 MHz (Amateur bands only) 0.5 ppm (after 1 minute @+14 F to +140 F [10 C to +60 C])
+14 F to +122 F (10 C to +50 C) A1A, A3E, J3E, F3E, F7W, F1B, F1D, F2D, G1B 5/10 Hz (SSB, CW), 50/100 Hz (AM, FM) 50 Ohms, unbalanced 16.7 - 150 Ohms, unbalanced (1.8 MHz - 29.7 MHz) 25 - 100 Ohms, unbalanced (50 MHz - 54 MHz)
(Tuner ON, 1.8 MHz - 50 MHz Amateur bands, TX only) Rx (no signal) Rx (signal present) Tx (HF/50 MHz, 100 W) 22 A, (144/430 MHz, 50 W) 15 A DC 13.8 V 15 % (Negative Ground) 9.01 x 3.15 x 9.96 (229 x 80 x 253 mm) 9.46 lbs (4.3 kg) 1.8 A 2.2 A General Rx Frequency Range:
Tx Frequency Ranges:
Frequency Stability:
Operating Temperature Range:
Emission Modes:
Frequency Steps:
Antenna Impedance:
Power Consumption (Approx.):
Supply Voltage:
Dimensions (WxHxD):
Weight (Approx.):
Transmitter Power Output:
Modulation Types:
Maximum FM Deviation:
Harmonic Radiation:
SSB Carrier Suppression:
Undesired Sideband Suppression:
Bandwidth:
Audio Response (SSB):
Microphone Impedance:
HF/50 MHz: 5 - 100 watts (2.5 - 25 watts AM carrier) 144/430 MHz: 5 - 50 watts (2.5 - 12.5 watts AM carrier) J3E: Balanced, A3E: Low-Level (Early Stage), F3E: Variable Reactance F7W: 4FSK (C4FM) 5.0 kHz/2.5 kHz Better than 50 dB (below 30 MHz) Better than 60 dB (above 30 MHz) At least 50 dB below peak output At least 50 dB below peak output 3 kHz (LSB/USB), 500 Hz (CW), 6 kHz (AM), 16 kHz (FM) Not more than 6 dB from 300 to 2700 Hz 600 Ohms (200 to 10 kOhms) Page 91 FT-991 OperaTing Manual SpecificationS Receiver Circuit Type:
Intermediate Frequencies:
Sensitivity:
Selectivity (WIDTH: Center):
Image Rejection:
Maximum Audio Output:
Audio Output Impedance:
Conducted Radiation:
28 V (0.1 - 1.8 MHz) (RF AMP 2 ON) 2 V (1.8 - 30 MHz) (RF AMP 2 ON) 1 V (50 - 54 MHz) (RF AMP 2 ON) 0.158 V (1.8 - 30 MHz) (RF AMP 2 ON) 0.125 V (50 - 54 MHz) (RF AMP 2 ON) 0.125 V (144 - 146 MHz) (RF AMP 2 ON) 0.125 V (430 - 440 MHz) (RF AMP 2 ON) SSB/CW/AM: Triple-conversion Superheterodyne FM: Double-conversion Superheterodyne 69.450 MHz 9.000 MHz (SSB, CW, AM) 24 kHz (SSB, CW, AM) 450 kHz (FM) SSB/CW (10 dB S+N/N) AM (10 dB S+N/N, 30 % modulation @400 Hz) FM (12 dB SINAD) There is no specification for frequency ranges not listed. 6 dB Mode 2.4 kHz or better 3.6 kHz or less SSB/CW (Width=2.4 kHz) 0.5 kHz or better 750 Hz or less CW-N (Width =500 Hz) 6 kHz or better AM 15 kHz or less 12 kHz or better 30 kHz or less FM FM-N 9 kHz or better 25 kHz or less 70 dB or better (1.8 MHz - 50 MHz Amateur bands) 60 dB or better (144/430 MHz Amateur band) 2.5 W into 4 Ohms with 10% THD 4 to 16 Ohms (8 Ohms: nominal) Less than 4000 uuW 0.5 V (1.8 - 30 MHz) (RF AMP 2 ON) 0.25 V (50 - 54 MHz) (RF AMP 2 ON) 0.18 V (144 - 146 MHz) (RF AMP 2 ON) 0.18 V (430 - 440 MHz) (RF AMP 2 ON) 60 dB Specifications are subject to change, in the interest of technical improvement, without notice or obligation, and are guaranteed only within the amateur bands. Page 92 FT-991 OperaTing Manual noTe This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver. Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. 1. Changes or modifications to this device not expressly approved by YAESU MUSEN could void the users authorization to operate this device. 2. This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions; (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference including interference that may cause undesired operation. 3. The scanning receiver in this equipment is incapable of tuning, or readily being altered, by the User to operate within the frequency bands allocated to the Domestic public Cellular Telecommunications Service in Part 22. This device complies with Industry Canada licence-exempt RSS standard(s). Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device. Le prsent appareil est conforme aux CNR dIndustrie Canada applicables aux appareils radio exempts de licence. Lexploitation est autorise aux deux conditions suivantes : (1) lappareil ne doit pas produire de brouillage, et (2) l'utilisateur de lappareil doit accepter tout brouillage radiolectrique subi, mme si le brouillage est susceptible den compromettre le fonctionnement. The scanner receiver is not a digital scanner and is incapable of being converted or modified into a digital scanner receiver by any user. DECLARATION BY MANUFACTURER WARNING: MODIFICATION OF THIS DEVICE TO RECEIVE CELLULAR RADIOTELEPHONE SERVICE SIGNALS IS PROHIBITED UNDER FCC RULES AND FEDERAL LAW. CAN ICES-3 (B) / NMB-3 (B) Page 93 FT-991 OperaTing Manual Copyright 2014 YAESU MUSEN CO., LTD. All rights reserved No portion of this manual may be reproduced without the permission of YAESU MUSEN CO., LTD. Printed in Japan
frequency | equipment class | purpose | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2016-08-24 | JBP - Part 15 Class B Computing Device Peripheral | Class II Permissive Change | |
2 | 420 ~ 470 | CSR - Scanning Receiver | ||
3 | 2014-11-11 | 420 ~ 470 | CSR - Scanning Receiver | Original Equipment |
4 | JBP - Part 15 Class B Computing Device Peripheral |
app s | Applicant Information | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 2 3 4 | Effective |
2016-08-24
|
||||
1 2 3 4 |
2014-11-11
|
|||||
1 2 3 4 | Applicant's complete, legal business name |
Yaesu Musen Co., Ltd.
|
||||
1 2 3 4 | FCC Registration Number (FRN) |
0013655220
|
||||
1 2 3 4 | Physical Address |
Tennozu Parkside Building 2-5-8 Higashi-Shinagawa, Shinagawa-ku
|
||||
1 2 3 4 |
Tennozu Parkside Building
|
|||||
1 2 3 4 |
Tokyo, N/A
|
|||||
1 2 3 4 |
Japan
|
|||||
app s | TCB Information | |||||
1 2 3 4 | TCB Application Email Address |
h******@acbcert.com
|
||||
1 2 3 4 | TCB Scope |
A1: Low Power Transmitters below 1 GHz (except Spread Spectrum), Unintentional Radiators, EAS (Part 11) & Consumer ISM devices
|
||||
app s | FCC ID | |||||
1 2 3 4 | Grantee Code |
K66
|
||||
1 2 3 4 | Equipment Product Code |
20575X50
|
||||
app s | Person at the applicant's address to receive grant or for contact | |||||
1 2 3 4 | Name |
K**** T****
|
||||
1 2 3 4 | Title |
Engineering Division/Quality Assurance Leader
|
||||
1 2 3 4 | Telephone Number |
81-3-********
|
||||
1 2 3 4 | Fax Number |
81-3-********
|
||||
1 2 3 4 |
k******@yaesu.com
|
|||||
app s | Technical Contact | |||||
1 2 3 4 | Firm Name |
SGS RF Technologies Inc.
|
||||
1 2 3 4 | Name |
K**** O******
|
||||
1 2 3 4 | Physical Address |
3-5-23, Kitayamata, Tsuzuki-ku
|
||||
1 2 3 4 |
472, Nippa-cho, Kohoku-ku
|
|||||
1 2 3 4 |
Yokohama, 224-0021
|
|||||
1 2 3 4 |
Yokohama, 223-0057
|
|||||
1 2 3 4 |
Japan
|
|||||
1 2 3 4 | Telephone Number |
+81-4********
|
||||
1 2 3 4 |
81-45********
|
|||||
1 2 3 4 | Fax Number |
81-45********
|
||||
1 2 3 4 |
81-45********
|
|||||
1 2 3 4 |
k******@sgs.com
|
|||||
1 2 3 4 |
K******@sgs.com
|
|||||
app s | Non Technical Contact | |||||
n/a | ||||||
app s | Confidentiality (long or short term) | |||||
1 2 3 4 | Does this application include a request for confidentiality for any portion(s) of the data contained in this application pursuant to 47 CFR § 0.459 of the Commission Rules?: | Yes | ||||
1 2 3 4 | Long-Term Confidentiality Does this application include a request for confidentiality for any portion(s) of the data contained in this application pursuant to 47 CFR § 0.459 of the Commission Rules?: | Yes | ||||
1 2 3 4 | No | |||||
1 2 3 4 | If so, specify the short-term confidentiality release date (MM/DD/YYYY format) | 11/22/2016 | ||||
if no date is supplied, the release date will be set to 45 calendar days past the date of grant. | ||||||
app s | Cognitive Radio & Software Defined Radio, Class, etc | |||||
1 2 3 4 | Is this application for software defined/cognitive radio authorization? | No | ||||
1 2 3 4 | Equipment Class | JBP - Part 15 Class B Computing Device Peripheral | ||||
1 2 3 4 | CSR - Scanning Receiver | |||||
1 2 3 4 | Description of product as it is marketed: (NOTE: This text will appear below the equipment class on the grant) | HF / VHF / UHF All Mode Transceiver | ||||
1 2 3 4 | HF/VHF/UHF All Mode Transceiver | |||||
1 2 3 4 | HF / VHF / UHF All mode Transceiver | |||||
1 2 3 4 | Related OET KnowledgeDataBase Inquiry: Is there a KDB inquiry associated with this application? | No | ||||
1 2 3 4 | Modular Equipment Type | Does not apply | ||||
1 2 3 4 | Purpose / Application is for | Class II Permissive Change | ||||
1 2 3 4 | Original Equipment | |||||
1 2 3 4 | Composite Equipment: Is the equipment in this application a composite device subject to an additional equipment authorization? | Yes | ||||
1 2 3 4 | Related Equipment: Is the equipment in this application part of a system that operates with, or is marketed with, another device that requires an equipment authorization? | No | ||||
1 2 3 4 | Grant Comments | Class II Permissive Change | ||||
1 2 3 4 | Is there an equipment authorization waiver associated with this application? | No | ||||
1 2 3 4 | If there is an equipment authorization waiver associated with this application, has the associated waiver been approved and all information uploaded? | No | ||||
app s | Test Firm Name and Contact Information | |||||
1 2 3 4 | Firm Name |
SGS Japan Inc. Yokohama Lab
|
||||
1 2 3 4 | Name |
T******** I****
|
||||
1 2 3 4 | Telephone Number |
81(0)********
|
||||
1 2 3 4 | Fax Number |
81(0)********
|
||||
1 2 3 4 |
t******@sgs.com
|
|||||
Equipment Specifications | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Line | Rule Parts | Grant Notes | Lower Frequency | Upper Frequency | Power Output | Tolerance | Emission Designator | Microprocessor Number | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1 | 1 | 15B | 16 CC | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Line | Rule Parts | Grant Notes | Lower Frequency | Upper Frequency | Power Output | Tolerance | Emission Designator | Microprocessor Number | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2 | 1 | 15B | 16 CC | 0.03 | 56 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2 | 2 | 15B | 16 CC | 118 | 164 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2 | 3 | 15B | 16 CC | 420 | 470 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Line | Rule Parts | Grant Notes | Lower Frequency | Upper Frequency | Power Output | Tolerance | Emission Designator | Microprocessor Number | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3 | 1 | 15B | CC | 0.03 | 56 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3 | 2 | 15B | CC | 118 | 164 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3 | 3 | 15B | CC | 420 | 470 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Line | Rule Parts | Grant Notes | Lower Frequency | Upper Frequency | Power Output | Tolerance | Emission Designator | Microprocessor Number | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
4 | 1 | 15B | CC |
some individual PII (Personally Identifiable Information) available on the public forms may be redacted, original source may include additional details
This product uses the FCC Data API but is not endorsed or certified by the FCC