FCC ID: I88NBG318S Wireless Ethernet Adapter

NBG318S Powerline Ethernet Series Users Guide Version 3.6 4/2007 Edition 1 www.zyxel.com About This User's Guide About This User's Guide Intended Audience This manual is intended for people who want to configure the NBG318S using the web configurator. You should have at least a basic knowledge of TCP/IP networking concepts and topology. Related Documentation Quick Start Guide The Quick Start Guide is designed to help you get up and running right away. It contains information on setting up your network and configuring for Internet access. Web Configurator Online Help Embedded web help for descriptions of individual screens and supplementary information.

It is recommended you use the web configurator to configure the NBG318S. Supporting Disk Refer to the included CD for support documents. ZyXEL Web Site Please refer to www.zyxel.com for additional support documentation and product certifications. User Guide Feedback Help us help you. Send all User Guide-related comments, questions or suggestions for improvement to the following address, or use e-mail instead. Thank you!

The Technical Writing Team, ZyXEL Communications Corp., 6 Innovation Road II, Science-Based Industrial Park, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan. E-mail: techwriters@zyxel.com.tw NBG318S Users Guide 3 Document Conventions Document Conventions Warnings and Notes These are how warnings and notes are shown in this Users Guide.

Warnings tell you about things that could harm you or your device.

Notes tell you other important information (for example, other things you may need to configure or helpful tips) or recommendations. Syntax Conventions The NBG-318S may be referred to as the NBG318S, the device, the product or the system in this Users Guide. Product labels, screen names, field labels and field choices are all in bold font. A key stroke is denoted by square brackets and uppercase text, for example, [ENTER]

means the enter or return key on your keyboard. Enter means for you to type one or more characters and then press the [ENTER] key. Select or choose means for you to use one of the predefined choices. A right angle bracket ( > ) within a screen name denotes a mouse click. For example, Maintenance > Log > Log Setting means you first click Maintenance in the navigation panel, then the Log sub menu and finally the Log Setting tab to get to that screen. Units of measurement may denote the metric value or the scientific value. For example, k for kilo may denote 1000 or 1024, M for mega may denote 1000000 or 1048576 and so on. e.g., is a shorthand for for instance, and i.e., means that is or in other words. 4 NBG318S Users Guide Document Conventions Icons Used in Figures Figures in this Users Guide may use the following generic icons. The NBG318S icon is not an exact representation of your device. NBG318S Computer Notebook computer Server DSLAM Firewall Telephone Switch Router Modem NBG318S Users Guide 5 Safety Warnings Safety Warnings

For your safety, be sure to read and follow all warning notices and instructions. Do NOT use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming pool. Do NOT expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids. Do NOT store things on the device. Do NOT install, use, or service this device during a thunderstorm. There is a remote risk of electric shock from lightning. Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device. Do NOT open the device or unit. Opening or removing covers can expose you to dangerous high voltage points or other risks. ONLY qualified service personnel should service or disassemble this device. Please contact your vendor for further information. Make sure to connect the cables to the correct ports. Place connecting cables carefully so that no one will step on them or stumble over them. Always disconnect all cables from this device before servicing or disassembling. Use ONLY an appropriate power adaptor or cord for your device. Connect the power adaptor or cord to the right supply voltage (for example, 110V AC in North America or 230V AC in Europe). Do NOT allow anything to rest on the power adaptor or cord and do NOT place the product where anyone can walk on the power adaptor or cord. Do NOT use the device if the power adaptor or cord is damaged as it might cause electrocution. If the power adaptor or cord is damaged, remove it from the power outlet. Do NOT attempt to repair the power adaptor or cord. Contact your local vendor to order a new one. Do not use the device outside, and make sure all the connections are indoors. There is a remote risk of electric shock from lightning. Do NOT obstruct the device ventilation slots, as insufficient airflow may harm your device. Antenna Warning! This device meets ETSI and FCC certification requirements when using the included antenna(s). Only use the included antenna(s). If you wall mount your device, make sure that no electrical lines, gas or water pipes will be damaged. This product is recyclable. Dispose of it properly. 6 NBG318S Users Guide Safety Warnings NBG318S Users Guide 7 Safety Warnings 8 NBG318S Users Guide Contents Overview Contents Overview Introduction ............................................................................................................................29 Getting to Know Your NBG318S ............................................................................................... 31 Wireless Tutorial ........................................................................................................................ 35 Introducing the Web Configurator .............................................................................................. 43 Connection Wizard .................................................................................................................... 55 Network ...................................................................................................................................71 Wireless LAN ............................................................................................................................. 73 WAN .......................................................................................................................................... 93 LAN .......................................................................................................................................... 103 HomePlug AV .......................................................................................................................... 109 DHCP ...................................................................................................................................... 115 Network Address Translation (NAT) ........................................................................................ 119 Dynamic DNS .......................................................................................................................... 129 Security .................................................................................................................................133 Firewall .................................................................................................................................... 135 Content Filtering ...................................................................................................................... 141 Management .........................................................................................................................147 Static Route Screens ............................................................................................................... 149 Bandwidth Management .......................................................................................................... 153 Remote Management .............................................................................................................. 165 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) ............................................................................................. 171 Maintenance and Troubleshooting ....................................................................................183 System ..................................................................................................................................... 185 Logs ......................................................................................................................................... 189 Tools ........................................................................................................................................ 203 Configuration Mode ................................................................................................................. 209 Sys Op Mode ........................................................................................................................... 211 Troubleshooting ....................................................................................................................... 213 Appendices and Index .........................................................................................................221 NBG318S Users Guide 9 Contents Overview 10 NBG318S Users Guide Table of Contents Table of Contents About This User's Guide ..........................................................................................................3 Document Conventions............................................................................................................4 Safety Warnings........................................................................................................................6 Contents Overview ...................................................................................................................9 Table of Contents....................................................................................................................11 List of Figures .........................................................................................................................19 List of Tables...........................................................................................................................25 Part I: Introduction................................................................................. 29 Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your NBG318S............................................................................................31 1.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 31 1.1.1 Secure Broadband Internet Access ........................................................................... 31 1.1.2 Wireless LAN Application ........................................................................................... 32 1.1.3 HomePlug AV ............................................................................................................. 32 1.2 Ways to Manage the NBG318S .......................................................................................... 33 1.3 Good Habits for Managing the NBG318S ........................................................................... 33 1.4 LEDs .................................................................................................................................... 33 Chapter 2 Wireless Tutorial.....................................................................................................................35 2.1 Example Parameters ........................................................................................................... 35 2.2 Configuring the AP .............................................................................................................. 35 2.3 Configuring the Wireless Client ........................................................................................... 37 2.3.1 Connecting to a Wireless LAN ................................................................................... 37 2.3.2 Creating and Using a Profile ...................................................................................... 39 Chapter 3 Introducing the Web Configurator ........................................................................................43 3.1 Web Configurator Overview ................................................................................................ 43 3.2 Accessing the Web Configurator ......................................................................................... 43 3.3 Resetting the NBG318S ...................................................................................................... 45 NBG318S Users Guide 11 Table of Contents 3.3.1 Procedure to Use the Reset Button ........................................................................... 45 3.4 Navigating the Web Configurator ..................................................................................... 45 3.4.1 The Status Screen ..................................................................................................... 45 3.4.2 Navigation Panel ........................................................................................................ 48 3.4.3 Summary: Any IP Table ............................................................................................. 50 3.4.4 Summary: Bandwidth Management Monitor ........................................................... 51 3.4.5 Summary: DHCP Table ........................................................................................... 51 3.4.6 Summary: Packet Statistics .................................................................................... 52 3.4.7 Summary: Wireless Station Status ......................................................................... 53 3.4.8 Summary: My HomePlug Network Status .................................................................. 53 Chapter 4 Connection Wizard .................................................................................................................55 4.1 Wizard Setup ....................................................................................................................... 55 4.2 Connection Wizard: STEP 1: System Information ............................................................... 56 4.2.1 System Name ............................................................................................................. 56 4.2.2 Domain Name ............................................................................................................ 57 4.3 Connection Wizard: STEP 2: Wireless LAN ........................................................................ 57 4.3.1 Basic (WEP) Security ................................................................................................. 59 4.3.2 Extend (WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK) Security .............................................................. 60 4.4 Connection Wizard: STEP 3: Internet Configuration ........................................................... 60 4.4.1 Ethernet Connection .................................................................................................. 61 4.4.2 PPPoE Connection .................................................................................................... 61 4.4.3 PPTP Connection ....................................................................................................... 62 4.4.4 Your IP Address ......................................................................................................... 64 4.4.5 WAN IP Address Assignment .................................................................................... 64 4.4.6 IP Address and Subnet Mask ..................................................................................... 65 4.4.7 DNS Server Address Assignment .............................................................................. 65 4.4.8 WAN IP and DNS Server Address Assignment ......................................................... 66 4.4.9 WAN MAC Address .................................................................................................... 67 4.5 Connection Wizard: STEP 4: Bandwidth management ....................................................... 68 4.6 Connection Wizard Complete .............................................................................................. 68 Part II: Network....................................................................................... 71 Chapter 5 Wireless LAN...........................................................................................................................73 5.1 Wireless Network Overview ................................................................................................. 73 5.2 Wireless Security Overview ................................................................................................. 75 5.2.1 SSID ........................................................................................................................... 75 5.2.2 MAC Address Filter .................................................................................................... 75 12 NBG318S Users Guide Table of Contents 5.2.3 User Authentication .................................................................................................... 76 5.2.4 Encryption .................................................................................................................. 76 5.3 Roaming .............................................................................................................................. 77 5.3.1 Requirements for Roaming ........................................................................................ 78 5.4 Quality of Service ................................................................................................................ 78 5.4.1 WMM QoS .................................................................................................................. 79 5.5 General Wireless LAN Screen ............................................................................................. 79 5.5.1 No Security ................................................................................................................. 80 5.5.2 WEP Encryption ......................................................................................................... 81 5.5.3 WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK ............................................................................................... 83 5.5.4 WPA/WPA2 ................................................................................................................ 84 5.6 MAC Filter ............................................................................................................................ 86 5.7 Wireless LAN Advanced Screen ......................................................................................... 87 5.8 Quality of Service (QoS) Screen ......................................................................................... 88 5.8.1 Application Priority Configuration ............................................................................... 90 Chapter 6 WAN .........................................................................................................................................93 6.1 WAN Overview .................................................................................................................... 93 6.2 WAN MAC Address ............................................................................................................. 93 6.3 Multicast .............................................................................................................................. 93 6.4 Internet Connection ............................................................................................................. 94 6.4.1 Ethernet Encapsulation .............................................................................................. 94 6.4.2 PPPoE Encapsulation ................................................................................................ 96 6.4.3 PPTP Encapsulation .................................................................................................. 98 6.5 Advanced WAN Screen ..................................................................................................... 101 Chapter 7 LAN.........................................................................................................................................103 7.1 LAN Overview .................................................................................................................... 103 7.1.1 IP Pool Setup ........................................................................................................... 103 7.1.2 System DNS Servers ............................................................................................... 103 7.2 LAN TCP/IP ....................................................................................................................... 103 7.2.1 Factory LAN Defaults ............................................................................................... 103 7.2.2 IP Address and Subnet Mask ................................................................................... 104 7.2.3 Multicast ................................................................................................................... 104 7.2.4 Any IP ....................................................................................................................... 104 7.3 LAN IP Screen ................................................................................................................... 106 7.4 LAN IP Alias ...................................................................................................................... 106 7.5 Advanced LAN Screen ...................................................................................................... 107 Chapter 8 HomePlug AV ........................................................................................................................109 NBG318S Users Guide 13 Table of Contents 8.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................ 109 8.2 Privacy and Powerline Adapters ........................................................................................ 110 8.2.1 Setting Up a Private Powerline Network .................................................................. 110 8.2.2 Setting Up Multiple Powerline Networks. ................................................................. 111 8.3 Configuring Your HomePlug AV Devices .......................................................................... 112 Chapter 9 DHCP......................................................................................................................................115 9.1 DHCP ................................................................................................................................ 115 9.2 DHCP Server General Screen ........................................................................................... 115 9.3 DHCP Server Advanced Screen .................................................................................... 116 9.4 Client List Screen .............................................................................................................. 117 Chapter 10 Network Address Translation (NAT) ...................................................................................119 10.1 NAT Overview .............................................................................................................. 119 10.2 Using NAT ....................................................................................................................... 119 10.2.1 Port Forwarding: Services and Port Numbers ........................................................ 119 10.2.2 Configuring Servers Behind Port Forwarding Example .......................................... 120 10.3 General NAT Screen ....................................................................................................... 120 10.4 NAT Application Screen ................................................................................................ 121 10.4.1 Game List Example ................................................................................................ 123 10.5 Trigger Port Forwarding ................................................................................................... 124 10.5.1 Trigger Port Forwarding Example .......................................................................... 124 10.5.2 Two Points To Remember About Trigger Ports ..................................................... 125 10.6 NAT Advanced Screen .................................................................................................... 125 Chapter 11 Dynamic DNS ........................................................................................................................129 11.1 Dynamic DNS Introduction .............................................................................................. 129 11.1.1 DynDNS Wildcard .................................................................................................. 129 11.2 Dynamic DNS Screen .................................................................................................... 129 Part III: Security.................................................................................... 133 Chapter 12 Firewall...................................................................................................................................135 12.1 Introduction to ZyXELs Firewall .................................................................................... 135 12.1.1 What is a Firewall? ................................................................................................. 135 12.1.2 Stateful Inspection Firewall .................................................................................... 135 12.1.3 About the NBG318S Firewall ................................................................................. 135 14 NBG318S Users Guide Table of Contents 12.1.4 Guidelines For Enhancing Security With Your Firewall .......................................... 136 12.2 Triangle Routes ............................................................................................................... 136 12.2.1 Triangle Routes and IP Alias .................................................................................. 136 12.3 General Firewall Screen ............................................................................................... 137 12.4 Services Screen .............................................................................................................. 138 Chapter 13 Content Filtering ...................................................................................................................141 13.1 Introduction to Content Filtering ...................................................................................... 141 13.2 Restrict Web Features ..................................................................................................... 141 13.3 Days and Times ............................................................................................................... 141 13.4 Filter Screen .................................................................................................................... 141 13.5 Schedule .......................................................................................................................... 143 13.6 Customizing Keyword Blocking URL Checking ............................................................... 144 13.6.1 Domain Name or IP Address URL Checking ......................................................... 144 13.6.2 Full Path URL Checking ......................................................................................... 144 13.6.3 File Name URL Checking ....................................................................................... 144 Part IV: Management ........................................................................... 147 Chapter 14 Static Route Screens............................................................................................................149 14.1 Static Route Overview ..................................................................................................... 149 14.2 IP Static Route Screen .................................................................................................... 149 14.2.1 Static Route Setup Screen ................................................................................... 150 Chapter 15 Bandwidth Management.......................................................................................................153 15.1 Bandwidth Management Overview .................................................................................. 153 15.2 Application-based Bandwidth Management .................................................................... 153 15.3 Subnet-based Bandwidth Management .......................................................................... 153 15.4 Application and Subnet-based Bandwidth Management ................................................. 154 15.5 Bandwidth Management Priorities ................................................................................... 154 15.6 Predefined Bandwidth Management Services ................................................................. 155 15.6.1 Services and Port Numbers ................................................................................... 156 15.7 Default Bandwidth Management Classes and Priorities .................................................. 158 15.8 Bandwidth Management General Configuration .............................................................. 158 15.9 Bandwidth Management Advanced Configuration .......................................................... 159 15.9.1 Rule Configuration with the Pre-defined Service ................................................ 160 15.9.2 Rule Configuration with the User-defined Service .............................................. 161 15.10 Bandwidth Management Monitor ................................................................................ 162 NBG318S Users Guide 15 Table of Contents Chapter 16 Remote Management............................................................................................................165 16.1 Remote Management Overview ...................................................................................... 165 16.1.1 Remote Management Limitations .......................................................................... 165 16.1.2 Remote Management and NAT ............................................................................. 166 16.1.3 System Timeout ..................................................................................................... 166 16.2 WWW Screen ............................................................................................................... 166 16.3 Telnet ............................................................................................................................... 166 16.4 Telnet Screen .................................................................................................................. 167 16.5 FTP Screen ..................................................................................................................... 168 16.6 DNS Screen .................................................................................................................. 168 Chapter 17 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)..........................................................................................171 17.1 Introducing Universal Plug and Play ................................................................................ 171 17.1.1 How do I know if I'm using UPnP? ......................................................................... 171 17.1.2 NAT Traversal ........................................................................................................ 171 17.1.3 Cautions with UPnP ............................................................................................... 171 17.2 UPnP and ZyXEL ............................................................................................................ 172 17.3 UPnP Screen ................................................................................................................... 172 17.4 Installing UPnP in Windows Example .............................................................................. 173 Part V: Maintenance and Troubleshooting........................................ 183 Chapter 18 System ...................................................................................................................................185 18.1 System Overview ............................................................................................................. 185 18.2 System General Screen .................................................................................................. 185 18.3 Time Setting Screen ........................................................................................................ 186 Chapter 19 Logs .......................................................................................................................................189 19.1 View Log .......................................................................................................................... 189 19.2 Log Settings ..................................................................................................................... 190 19.3 Log Descriptions .............................................................................................................. 193 Chapter 20 Tools ......................................................................................................................................203 20.1 Firmware Upload Screen ................................................................................................. 203 20.2 Configuration Screen ....................................................................................................... 204 20.2.1 Backup Configuration ............................................................................................. 205 16 NBG318S Users Guide Table of Contents 20.2.2 Restore Configuration ............................................................................................ 205 20.2.3 Back to Factory Defaults ........................................................................................ 206 20.3 Restart Screen ................................................................................................................. 206 Chapter 21 Configuration Mode..............................................................................................................209 Chapter 22 Sys Op Mode .........................................................................................................................211 22.1 Selecting System Operation Mode .................................................................................. 211 Chapter 23 Troubleshooting....................................................................................................................213 23.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs ...................................................................... 213 23.2 NBG318S Access and Login ........................................................................................... 214 23.3 Internet Access ................................................................................................................ 215 23.4 Resetting the NBG318S to Its Factory Defaults .............................................................. 217 23.5 Wireless Router/AP Troubleshooting .............................................................................. 217 23.6 HomePlug AV Troubleshooting ....................................................................................... 218 23.7 Advanced Features ......................................................................................................... 219 Part VI: Appendices and Index ........................................................... 221 Appendix A Product Specifications and Wall-Mounting Instructions .....................................223 Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions .......................................229 Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting ............................................................................235 Appendix D Setting up Your Computers IP Address ............................................................243 23.7.1 Verifying Settings ................................................................................................... 258 Appendix E Wireless LANs ...................................................................................................259 23.7.2 WPA(2)-PSK Application Example ......................................................................... 268 23.7.3 WPA(2) with RADIUS Application Example ........................................................... 268 Appendix F Services .............................................................................................................271 Appendix G Legal Information...............................................................................................275 Appendix H Customer Support..............................................................................................279 Index.......................................................................................................................................283 NBG318S Users Guide 17 Table of Contents 18 NBG318S Users Guide List of Figures List of Figures Figure 1 Secure Internet Access ............................................................................................................ 31 Figure 2 WLAN Application Example ..................................................................................................... 32 Figure 3 HomePlug AV Internet Connection Example ......................................................................... 32 Figure 4 Front Panel ............................................................................................................................... 33 Figure 5 Network > Wireless LAN > General ......................................................................................... 36 Figure 6 Network > Wireless LAN > General ......................................................................................... 36 Figure 7 AP: Status: WLAN Station Status ............................................................................................. 37 Figure 8 ZyXEL Utility: Security Settings ................................................................................................ 38 Figure 9 ZyXEL Utility: Confirm Save ..................................................................................................... 39 Figure 10 ZyXEL Utility: Link Info ........................................................................................................... 39 Figure 11 ZyXEL Utility: Profile ............................................................................................................... 40 Figure 12 ZyXEL Utility: Add New Profile ............................................................................................... 40 Figure 13 ZyXEL Utility: Profile Security ................................................................................................. 40 Figure 14 ZyXEL Utility: Profile Encryption ............................................................................................. 41 Figure 15 Profile: Wireless Protocol Settings. ........................................................................................ 41 Figure 16 Profile: Confirm Save ............................................................................................................. 41 Figure 17 Profile: Activate ...................................................................................................................... 42 Figure 18 Change Password Screen ...................................................................................................... 44 Figure 19 Web Configurator Status Screen ............................................................................................ 46 Figure 20 Any IP Table ........................................................................................................................... 50 Figure 21 Summary: BW MGMT Monitor ............................................................................................... 51 Figure 22 Summary: DHCP Table .......................................................................................................... 51 Figure 23 Summary: Packet Statistics .................................................................................................... 52 Figure 24 Summary: Wireless Association List ...................................................................................... 53 Figure 25 Summary: My Homeplug Network. ........................................................................................ 53 Figure 26 Select Wizard or Advanced Mode .......................................................................................... 55 Figure 27 Select a Language ................................................................................................................. 56 Figure 28 Welcome to the Connection Wizard ....................................................................................... 56 Figure 29 Wizard Step 1: System Information ........................................................................................ 57 Figure 30 Wizard Step 2: Wireless LAN ................................................................................................. 58 Figure 31 Wizard Step 2: Basic (WEP) Security .................................................................................... 59 Figure 32 Wizard Step 2: Extend (WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK) Security .................................................. 60 Figure 33 Wizard Step 3: ISP Parameters. ............................................................................................ 61 Figure 34 Wizard Step 3: Ethernet Connection ...................................................................................... 61 Figure 35 Wizard Step 3: PPPoE Connection ........................................................................................ 62 Figure 36 Wizard Step 3: PPTP Connection .......................................................................................... 63 Figure 37 Wizard Step 3: Your IP Address ............................................................................................. 64 Figure 38 Wizard Step 3: WAN IP and DNS Server Addresses ............................................................. 66 NBG318S Users Guide 19 List of Figures Figure 39 Wizard Step 3: WAN MAC Address ....................................................................................... 67 Figure 40 Wizard Step 4: Bandwidth Management ................................................................................ 68 Figure 41 Connection Wizard Save ........................................................................................................ 69 Figure 42 Connection Wizard Complete ................................................................................................. 69 Figure 43 Example of a Wireless Network ............................................................................................. 73 Figure 44 Roaming Example .................................................................................................................. 78 Figure 45 Network > Wireless LAN > General ....................................................................................... 80 Figure 46 Network > Wireless LAN > General: No Security ................................................................... 81 Figure 47 Network > Wireless LAN > General: Static WEP ................................................................... 82 Figure 48 Network > Wireless LAN > General: WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK ................................................. 83 Figure 49 Network > Wireless LAN > General: WPA/WPA2 .................................................................. 84 Figure 50 Network > Wireless LAN > MAC Filter ................................................................................... 86 Figure 51 Network > Wireless LAN > Advanced .................................................................................... 87 Figure 52 Network > Wireless LAN > QoS ............................................................................................. 89 Figure 53 Network > Wireless LAN > QoS: Application Priority Configuration ....................................... 90 Figure 54 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: Ethernet Encapsulation ........................................... 94 Figure 55 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPPoE Encapsulation ............................................. 97 Figure 56 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPTP Encapsulation ............................................... 99 Figure 57 Network > WAN > Advanced ................................................................................................ 101 Figure 58 Any IP Example .................................................................................................................... 105 Figure 59 Network > LAN > IP .............................................................................................................. 106 Figure 60 Network > LAN > IP Alias ..................................................................................................... 107 Figure 61 Network > LAN > Advanced .............................................................................................. 107 Figure 62 Expand Your Network .......................................................................................................... 109 Figure 63 Powerline Network Scenario ................................................................................................ 111 Figure 64 Two Private Powerline Networks on One Circuit .................................................................. 112 Figure 65 Network > HomePlug > Network Settings ............................................................................ 112 Figure 66 Network > HomePlug > Edit ................................................................................................. 114 Figure 67 Network > DHCP Server > General .................................................................................. 115 Figure 68 Network > DHCP Server > Advanced .................................................................................. 116 Figure 69 Network > DHCP Server > Client List ............................................................................... 117 Figure 70 Multiple Servers Behind NAT Example ................................................................................ 120 Figure 71 Network > NAT > General .................................................................................................... 120 Figure 72 Network > NAT > Application ............................................................................................... 122 Figure 73 Game List Example .............................................................................................................. 124 Figure 74 Trigger Port Forwarding Process: Example ......................................................................... 125 Figure 75 Network > NAT > Advanced ................................................................................................. 126 Figure 76 Dynamic DNS ....................................................................................................................... 130 Figure 77 Using IP Alias to Solve the Triangle Route Problem ............................................................ 137 Figure 78 Security > Firewall > General l ............................................................................................. 137 Figure 79 Security > Firewall > Services .............................................................................................. 139 Figure 80 Security > Content Filter > Filter ........................................................................................... 142 Figure 81 Security > Content Filter > Schedule .................................................................................... 143 20 NBG318S Users Guide List of Figures Figure 82 Example of Static Routing Topology .................................................................................... 149 Figure 83 Management > Static Route > IP Static Route ..................................................................... 150 Figure 84 Management > Static Route > IP Static Route: Static Route Setup ..................................... 151 Figure 85 Subnet-based Bandwidth Management Example ................................................................ 154 Figure 86 Management > Bandwidth MGMT > General .................................................................... 158 Figure 87 Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Advanced ................................................................... 159 Figure 88 Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Advanced: Rule Configuration .................................... 161 Figure 89 Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Advanced: User-defined Service Rule Configuration . 162 Figure 90 Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Monitor ....................................................................... 163 Figure 91 Management > Remote MGMT > WWW ............................................................................. 166 Figure 92 Telnet Configuration on a TCP/IP Network .......................................................................... 167 Figure 93 Management > Remote MGMT > Telnet .............................................................................. 167 Figure 94 Management > Remote MGMT > FTP ................................................................................. 168 Figure 95 Management > Remote MGMT > DNS ................................................................................ 169 Figure 96 Management > UPnP > General .......................................................................................... 172 Figure 97 Add/Remove Programs: Windows Setup: Communication .................................................. 173 Figure 98 Add/Remove Programs: Windows Setup: Communication: Components ............................ 174 Figure 99 Network Connections ........................................................................................................... 174 Figure 100 Windows Optional Networking Components Wizard .......................................................... 175 Figure 101 Networking Services ........................................................................................................... 175 Figure 102 Network Connections ......................................................................................................... 176 Figure 103 Internet Connection Properties ........................................................................................... 177 Figure 104 Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings ........................................................... 178 Figure 105 Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings: Add .................................................. 178 Figure 106 System Tray Icon ............................................................................................................... 179 Figure 107 Internet Connection Status ................................................................................................. 179 Figure 108 Network Connections ......................................................................................................... 180 Figure 109 Network Connections: My Network Places ........................................................................ 181 Figure 110 Network Connections: My Network Places: Properties: Example ...................................... 181 Figure 111 Maintenance > System > General ...................................................................................... 185 Figure 112 Maintenance > System > Time Setting .............................................................................. 187 Figure 113 Maintenance > Logs > View Log ........................................................................................ 189 Figure 114 Maintenance > Logs > Log Settings ................................................................................... 191 Figure 115 Maintenance > Tools > Firmware ....................................................................................... 203 Figure 116 Upload Warning .................................................................................................................. 204 Figure 117 Network Temporarily Disconnected ................................................................................... 204 Figure 118 Upload Error Message ....................................................................................................... 204 Figure 119 Maintenance > Tools > Configuration ................................................................................ 205 Figure 120 Configuration Restore Successful ...................................................................................... 206 Figure 121 Temporarily Disconnected .................................................................................................. 206 Figure 122 Configuration Restore Error ............................................................................................... 206 Figure 123 Maintenance > Tools > Restart .......................................................................................... 207 Figure 124 Maintenance > Config Mode > General ............................................................................. 209 NBG318S Users Guide 21 List of Figures Figure 125 Maintenance > Sys OP Mode > General ............................................................................ 211 Figure 126 System Operation Mode: Ethernet WAN ............................................................................ 211 Figure 127 System Operation Mode: HomePlug WAN ........................................................................ 212 Figure 128 Wall-mounting Example ..................................................................................................... 227 Figure 129 Masonry Plug and M4 Tap Screw ...................................................................................... 227 Figure 130 Pop-up Blocker ................................................................................................................... 229 Figure 131 Internet Options: Privacy .................................................................................................... 230 Figure 132 Internet Options: Privacy .................................................................................................... 231 Figure 133 Pop-up Blocker Settings ..................................................................................................... 231 Figure 134 Internet Options: Security ................................................................................................... 232 Figure 135 Security Settings - Java Scripting ....................................................................................... 233 Figure 136 Security Settings - Java ...................................................................................................... 233 Figure 137 Java (Sun) .......................................................................................................................... 234 Figure 138 Network Number and Host ID ............................................................................................ 236 Figure 139 Subnetting Example: Before Subnetting ............................................................................ 238 Figure 140 Subnetting Example: After Subnetting ............................................................................... 239 Figure 141 WIndows 95/98/Me: Network: Configuration ...................................................................... 244 Figure 142 Windows 95/98/Me: TCP/IP Properties: IP Address .......................................................... 245 Figure 143 Windows 95/98/Me: TCP/IP Properties: DNS Configuration .............................................. 246 Figure 144 Windows XP: Start Menu ................................................................................................... 247 Figure 145 Windows XP: Control Panel ............................................................................................... 247 Figure 146 Windows XP: Control Panel: Network Connections: Properties ......................................... 248 Figure 147 Windows XP: Local Area Connection Properties ............................................................... 248 Figure 148 Windows XP: Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties .......................................................... 249 Figure 149 Windows XP: Advanced TCP/IP Properties ....................................................................... 250 Figure 150 Windows XP: Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties .......................................................... 251 Figure 151 Macintosh OS 8/9: Apple Menu .......................................................................................... 252 Figure 152 Macintosh OS 8/9: TCP/IP ................................................................................................. 252 Figure 153 Macintosh OS X: Apple Menu ............................................................................................ 253 Figure 154 Macintosh OS X: Network .................................................................................................. 254 Figure 155 Red Hat 9.0: KDE: Network Configuration: Devices .......................................................... 255 Figure 156 Red Hat 9.0: KDE: Ethernet Device: General .................................................................... 256 Figure 157 Red Hat 9.0: KDE: Network Configuration: DNS ................................................................ 256 Figure 158 Red Hat 9.0: KDE: Network Configuration: Activate .......................................................... 257 Figure 159 Red Hat 9.0: Dynamic IP Address Setting in ifconfig-eth0 ................................................. 257 Figure 160 Red Hat 9.0: Static IP Address Setting in ifconfig-eth0 ................................................... 257 Figure 161 Red Hat 9.0: DNS Settings in resolv.conf ....................................................................... 258 Figure 162 Red Hat 9.0: Restart Ethernet Card ................................................................................... 258 Figure 163 Red Hat 9.0: Checking TCP/IP Properties ......................................................................... 258 Figure 164 Peer-to-Peer Communication in an Ad-hoc Network ......................................................... 259 Figure 165 Basic Service Set ............................................................................................................... 260 Figure 166 Infrastructure WLAN ........................................................................................................... 261 Figure 167 RTS/CTS ............................................................................................................................ 262 22 NBG318S Users Guide Figure 168 WPA(2)-PSK Authentication ............................................................................................... 268 List of Figures NBG318S Users Guide 23 List of Figures 24 NBG318S Users Guide List of Tables List of Tables Table 1 Front Panel LEDs ...................................................................................................................... 33 Table 2 Status Screen Icon Key ............................................................................................................. 46 Table 3 Web Configurator Status Screen ........................................................................................... 47 Table 4 Screens Summary ..................................................................................................................... 48 Table 5 Summary: DHCP Table ............................................................................................................. 51 Table 6 Summary: Packet Statistics ....................................................................................................... 52 Table 7 Summary: Wireless Association List ......................................................................................... 53 Table 8 Summary: My Homeplug Network ............................................................................................. 54 Table 9 Wizard Step 1: System Information ........................................................................................... 57 Table 10 Wizard Step 2: Wireless LAN .................................................................................................. 58 Table 11 Wizard Step 2: Basic (WEP) Security ...................................................................................... 59 Table 12 Wizard Step 2: Extend (WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK) Security ................................................... 60 Table 13 Wizard Step 3: ISP Parameters ............................................................................................... 61 Table 14 Wizard Step 3: PPPoE Connection ......................................................................................... 62 Table 15 Wizard Step 3: PPTP Connection ........................................................................................... 63 Table 16 Wizard Step 3: Your IP Address .............................................................................................. 64 Table 17 Private IP Address Ranges ..................................................................................................... 64 Table 18 Wizard Step 3: WAN IP and DNS Server Addresses .............................................................. 66 Table 19 Example of Network Properties for LAN Servers with Fixed IP Addresses ............................. 67 Table 20 Wizard Step 3: WAN MAC Address ........................................................................................ 67 Table 21 Wizard Step 4: Bandwidth Management ................................................................................. 68 Table 22 Types of Encryption for Each Type of Authentication .............................................................. 76 Table 23 WMM QoS Priorities ................................................................................................................ 79 Table 24 Network > Wireless LAN > General ......................................................................................... 80 Table 25 Wireless No Security ............................................................................................................... 81 Table 26 Network > Wireless LAN > General: Static WEP .................................................................... 82 Table 27 Network > Wireless LAN > General: WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK .................................................. 83 Table 28 Network > Wireless LAN > General: WPA/WPA2 ................................................................... 85 Table 29 Network > Wireless LAN > MAC Filter .................................................................................... 86 Table 30 Network > Wireless LAN > Advanced ..................................................................................... 87 Table 31 Network > Wireless LAN > QoS .............................................................................................. 89 Table 32 Network > Wireless LAN > QoS: Application Priority Configuration ........................................ 90 Table 33 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: Ethernet Encapsulation ............................................ 95 Table 34 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPPoE Encapsulation .............................................. 97 Table 35 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPTP Encapsulation .............................................. 100 Table 36 WAN > Advanced .................................................................................................................. 102 Table 37 Network > LAN > IP ............................................................................................................... 106 Table 38 Network > LAN > IP Alias ...................................................................................................... 107 NBG318S Users Guide 25 List of Tables Table 39 Network > LAN > Advanced .................................................................................................. 108 Table 40 Network > HomePlug > Network Settings ........................................................................... 113 Table 41 Network > HomePlug > Edit ................................................................................................ 114 Table 42 Network > DHCP Server > General ....................................................................................... 115 Table 43 Network > DHCP Server > Advanced ................................................................................... 116 Table 44 Network > DHCP Server > Client List .................................................................................... 118 Table 45 Network > NAT > General ..................................................................................................... 121 Table 46 NAT Application ..................................................................................................................... 122 Table 47 Network > NAT > Advanced .................................................................................................. 126 Table 48 Dynamic DNS ........................................................................................................................ 130 Table 49 Security > Firewall > General ................................................................................................ 137 Table 50 Security > Firewall > Services ............................................................................................... 139 Table 51 Security > Content Filter > Filter ............................................................................................ 142 Table 52 Security > Content Filter > Schedule ..................................................................................... 143 Table 53 Management > Static Route > IP Static Route ...................................................................... 150 Table 54 Management > Static Route > IP Static Route: Static Route Setup ...................................... 151 Table 55 Application and Subnet-based Bandwidth Management Example ........................................ 154 Table 56 Bandwidth Management Priorities ......................................................................................... 154 Table 57 Media Bandwidth Management Setup: Services ................................................................... 155 Table 58 Commonly Used Services ..................................................................................................... 156 Table 59 Bandwidth Management Priority with Default Classes .......................................................... 158 Table 60 Management > Bandwidth MGMT > General ........................................................................ 159 Table 61 Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Advanced ..................................................................... 160 Table 62 Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Advanced: Application Rule Configuration .................. 161 Table 63 Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Advanced: User-defined Service Rule Configuration 162 Table 64 Management > Remote MGMT > WWW ............................................................................... 166 Table 65 Management > Remote MGMT > Telnet ............................................................................... 167 Table 66 Management > Remote MGMT > FTP .................................................................................. 168 Table 67 Management > Remote MGMT > DNS ................................................................................. 169 Table 68 Management > UPnP > General ........................................................................................... 172 Table 69 Maintenance > System > General ......................................................................................... 186 Table 70 Maintenance > System > Time Setting .................................................................................. 187 Table 71 Maintenance > Logs > View Log ........................................................................................... 190 Table 72 Maintenance > Logs > Log Settings ...................................................................................... 191 Table 73 System Maintenance Logs .................................................................................................... 193 Table 74 System Error Logs ................................................................................................................. 194 Table 75 Access Control Logs .............................................................................................................. 194 Table 76 TCP Reset Logs .................................................................................................................... 194 Table 77 Packet Filter Logs .................................................................................................................. 195 Table 78 ICMP Logs ............................................................................................................................. 195 Table 79 CDR Logs .............................................................................................................................. 196 Table 80 PPP Logs ............................................................................................................................... 196 Table 81 UPnP Logs ............................................................................................................................ 196 26 NBG318S Users Guide List of Tables Table 82 Content Filtering Logs ........................................................................................................... 196 Table 83 Attack Logs ............................................................................................................................ 197 Table 84 PKI Logs ................................................................................................................................ 198 Table 85 802.1X Logs .......................................................................................................................... 199 Table 86 ACL Setting Notes ................................................................................................................. 200 Table 87 ICMP Notes ........................................................................................................................... 200 Table 88 Syslog Logs ........................................................................................................................... 201 Table 89 RFC-2408 ISAKMP Payload Types ....................................................................................... 201 Table 90 Maintenance > Tools > Firmware .......................................................................................... 203 Table 91 Maintenance Restore Configuration ...................................................................................... 205 Table 92 Maintenance > Config Mode > General ............................................................................... 209 Table 93 Advanced Configuration Options ......................................................................................... 210 Table 94 Maintenance > Sys OP Mode > General ............................................................................. 212 Table 95 Hardware Features ................................................................................................................ 223 Table 96 Firmware Features ................................................................................................................ 224 Table 97 Standards Supported ............................................................................................................. 225 Table 98 Subnet Mask - Identifying Network Number .......................................................................... 236 Table 99 Subnet Masks ........................................................................................................................ 237 Table 100 Maximum Host Numbers ..................................................................................................... 237 Table 101 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation ....................................................................................... 237 Table 102 Subnet 1 .............................................................................................................................. 239 Table 103 Subnet 2 .............................................................................................................................. 240 Table 104 Subnet 3 .............................................................................................................................. 240 Table 105 Subnet 4 .............................................................................................................................. 240 Table 106 Eight Subnets ...................................................................................................................... 240 Table 107 24-bit Network Number Subnet Planning ............................................................................ 241 Table 108 16-bit Network Number Subnet Planning ............................................................................ 241 Table 109 IEEE 802.11g ...................................................................................................................... 263 Table 110 Comparison of EAP Authentication Types .......................................................................... 266 Table 111 Wireless Security Relational Matrix ..................................................................................... 269 Table 112 Examples of Services .......................................................................................................... 271 NBG318S Users Guide 27 List of Tables 28 NBG318S Users Guide PART I Introduction Getting to Know Your NBG318S (31) Wireless Tutorial (35) Introducing the Web Configurator (43) Connection Wizard (55) 29 30 1 CHAPTER Getting to Know Your NBG318S This chapter introduces the main features and applications of the NBG318S. 1.1 Overview The NBG318S is the ideal secure HomePlug AV wireless firewall router for all data passing between the Internet and your local network. 1.1.1 Secure Broadband Internet Access Connect a broadband modem to your NBG318S for shared Internet access protected by firewall and content filtering. You can also use media bandwidth management to efficiently manage traffic on your network. The Quality of Service (QoS) features allow you to prioritize time-sensitive or highly important applications such as Voice over Internet (VoIP). Figure 1 Secure Internet Access 1.1.2 Wireless LAN Application The NBG318S Wireless LAN feature allows IEEE 802.11b or IEEE 802.11g compatible wireless clients to access the Internet or the local network as well as to communicate with each other. Wireless stations can move freely anywhere in the coverage area and use resources on the wired network. The Super G function allows compatible clients to connect to the NBG318S at up to 108 Mbps. NBG318S Users Guide 31 Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your NBG318S Figure 2 WLAN Application Example 1.1.3 HomePlug AV Connect to other HomePlug AV compatible devices through your home electrical wiring. A HomePlug AV network is capable of up to 200Mbps data transfer without the need for network cables. Figure 3 HomePlug AV Internet Connection Example 1.2 Ways to Manage the NBG318S Use any of the following methods to manage the NBG318S. Web Configurator. This is recommended for everyday management of the NBG318S using a (supported) web browser. 32 NBG318S Users Guide Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your NBG318S Command Line Interface. Line commands are mostly used for troubleshooting by service engineers. FTP. Use File Transfer Protocol for firmware upgrades and configuration backup/restore. 1.3 Good Habits for Managing the NBG318S Do the following things regularly to make the NBG318S more secure and to manage the NBG318S more effectively. Change the password. Use a password thats not easy to guess and that consists of different types of characters, such as numbers and letters. Write down the password and put it in a safe place. Back up the configuration (and make sure you know how to restore it). Restoring an earlier working configuration may be useful if the device becomes unstable or even crashes. If you forget your password, you will have to reset the NBG318S to its factory default settings. If you backed up an earlier configuration file, you would not have to totally re-configure the NBG318S. You could simply restore your last configuration. 1.4 LEDs Figure 4 Front Panel The following table describes the LEDs. Table 1 Front Panel LEDs LED POWER ICON COLOR Green HomePlug Green STATUS On Off On Blinking Off DESCRIPTION The NBG318S is receiving power and functioning properly. The NBG318S is not receiving power. The NBG318S has a successful HomePlug AV connection. The NBG318S is sending/receiving data. The HomePlug AV connection is not ready, or failed. NBG318S Users Guide 33 Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your NBG318S Table 1 Front Panel LEDs (continued) LED WAN ICON COLOR Green STATUS On LAN 1-3 Amber None Green Amber WLAN Green Blinking On Blinking Off On Blinking On Blinking Off On Blinking DESCRIPTION The NBG318S has a successful 10Mb WAN connection. The NBG318S is sending/receiving data. The NBG318S has a successful 100Mb Ethernet connection. The NBG318S is sending/receiving data. The WAN connection is not ready, or has failed. The NBG318S has a successful 10Mb Ethernet connection. The NBG318S is sending/receiving data. The NBG318S has a successful 100Mb Ethernet connection. The NBG318S is sending/receiving data. The LAN is not connected. The NBG318S is ready, but is not sending/receiving data through the wireless LAN. The NBG318S is sending/receiving data through the wireless LAN. The wireless LAN is not ready or has failed. WPS Off None WPS means WiFi Protected Setup. WPS automatically sets up security on your wireless network. This LED is reserved for future use. 34 NBG318S Users Guide CHAPTER 2 Wireless Tutorial This chapter gives you examples of how to set up an access point and wireless client for wireless communication using the following parameters. The wireless clients can access the Internet through an AP wirelessly. 2.1 Example Parameters SSID Channel Security 802.11 mode SSID_Example3 6 WPA-PSK

(Pre-Shared Key: ThisismyWPA-PSKpre-sharedkey) IEEE 802.11b/g An access point (AP) or wireless router is referred to as an AP and a computer with a wireless network card or USB/PCI adapter is referred to as a wireless client here. We use the M-302 utility screens as an example for the wireless client. The screens may vary for different models. 2.2 Configuring the AP Flow the steps below to configure the wireless settings on your AP. 1 Open the Wireless LAN > General screen in the APs web configurator. NBG318S Users Guide 35 Chapter 2 Wireless Tutorial Figure 5 Network > Wireless LAN > General 2 Make sure the Enable Wireless LAN check box is selected. 3 Enter SSID_Example3 as the SSID and select a channel. 4 Set security mode to WPA-PSK and enter ThisismyWPA-PSKpre-sharedkey in the Pre-Shared Key field. Click Apply. 5 Open the Status screen.Verify your wireless and wireless security settings under Device Information and check if the WLAN connection is up under Interface Status. Figure 6 Network > Wireless LAN > General 36 NBG318S Users Guide Chapter 2 Wireless Tutorial 6 Click the WLAN Station Status hyperlink in the APs Status screen. You can see if any wireless client has connected to the AP. Figure 7 AP: Status: WLAN Station Status 2.3 Configuring the Wireless Client This section describes how to connect the wireless client to a network. 2.3.1 Connecting to a Wireless LAN The following sections show you how to join a wireless network using the ZyXEL utility, as in the following diagram. The wireless client is labelled C and the access point is labelled AP. There are three ways to connect the client to an access point. Configure nothing and leave the wireless client to automatically scan for and connect to any available network that has no wireless security configured. Manually connect to a network. Configure a profile to have the wireless client automatically connect to a specific network or peer computer. This example illustrates how to manually connect your wireless client to an access point (AP) which is configured for WPA-PSK security and connected to the Internet. Before you connect to the access point, you must know its Service Set IDentity (SSID) and WPA-PSK pre-shared key. In this example, the SSID is SSID_Example3 and the pre-shared key is ThisismyWPA-PSKpre-sharedkey. After you install the ZyXEL utility and then insert the wireless client, follow the steps below to connect to a network using the Site Survey screen. NBG318S Users Guide 37 Chapter 2 Wireless Tutorial 1 Open the ZyXEL utility and click the Site Survey tab to open the screen shown next. 2 The wireless client automatically searches for available wireless networks. Click Scan if you want to search again. If no entry displays in the Available Network List, that means there is no wireless network available within range. Make sure the AP or peer computer is turned on or move the wireless client closer to the AP or peer computer. 3 When you try to connect to an AP with security configured, a window will pop up prompting you to specify the security settings. Enter the pre-shared key and leave the encryption type at the default setting. Use the Next button to move on to the next screen. You can use the Back button at any time to return to the previous screen, or the Exit button to return to the Site Survey screen. Figure 8 ZyXEL Utility: Security Settings 4 The Confirm Save window appears. Check your settings and click Save to continue. 38 NBG318S Users Guide Figure 9 ZyXEL Utility: Confirm Save Chapter 2 Wireless Tutorial 5 The ZyXEL utility returns to the Link Info screen while it connects to the wireless network using your settings. When the wireless link is established, the ZyXEL utility icon in the system tray turns green and the Link Info screen displays details of the active connection. Check the network information in the Link Info screen to verify that you have successfully connected to the selected network. If the wireless client is not connected to a network, the fields in this screen remain blank. Figure 10 ZyXEL Utility: Link Info 6 Open your Internet browser and enter http://www.zyxel.com or the URL of any other web site in the address bar. If you are able to access the web site, your wireless connection is successfully configured. If you cannot access the web site, try changing the encryption type in the Security Settings screen, check the Troubleshooting section of this User's Guide or contact your network administrator. 2.3.2 Creating and Using a Profile A profile lets you automatically connect to the same wireless network every time you use the wireless client. You can also configure different profiles for different networks, for example if you connect a notebook computer to wireless networks at home and at work. This example illustrates how to set up a profile and connect the wireless client to an access point configured for WPA-PSK security. In this example, the SSID is SSID_Example3, the profile name is PN_Example3 and the pre-shared key is ThisismyWPA-PSKpre-

sharedkey. You have chosen the profile name PN_Example3. NBG318S Users Guide 39 Chapter 2 Wireless Tutorial 1 Open the ZyXEL utility and click the Profile tab to open the screen shown next. Click Add to configure a new profile. Figure 11 ZyXEL Utility: Profile 2 The Add New Profile screen appears. The wireless client automatically searches for available wireless networks, which are displayed in the Scan Info box. Click on Scan if you want to search again. You can also configure your profile for a wireless network that is not in the list. Figure 12 ZyXEL Utility: Add New Profile 3 Give the profile a descriptive name (of up to 32 printable ASCII characters). Select Infrastructure and either manually enter or select the AP's SSID in the Scan Info table and click Select. 4 Choose the same encryption method as the AP to which you want to connect (In this example, WPA-PSK). Figure 13 ZyXEL Utility: Profile Security 40 NBG318S Users Guide Chapter 2 Wireless Tutorial 5 This screen varies depending on the encryption method you selected in the previous screen. Enter the pre-shared key and leave the encryption type at the default setting. Figure 14 ZyXEL Utility: Profile Encryption 6 In the next screen, leave both boxes checked. Figure 15 Profile: Wireless Protocol Settings. 7 Verify the profile settings in the read-only screen. Click Save to save and go to the next screen. Figure 16 Profile: Confirm Save 8 Click Activate Now to use the new profile immediately. Otherwise, click the Activate Later button. If you clicked Activate Later, you can select the profile from the list in the Profile screen and click Connect to activate it. NBG318S Users Guide 41 Chapter 2 Wireless Tutorial

Only one profile can be activated and used at any given time. Figure 17 Profile: Activate 9 When you activate the new profile, the ZyXEL utility returns to the Link Info screen while it connects to the AP using your settings. When the wireless link is established, the ZyXEL utility icon in the system tray turns green and the Link Info screen displays details of the active connection. 10 Open your Internet browser, enter http://www.zyxel.com or the URL of any other web site in the address bar and press ENTER. If you are able to access the web site, your new profile is successfully configured. 11 If you cannot access the Internet go back to the Profile screen, select the profile you are using and click Edit. Check the details you entered previously. Also, refer to the Troubleshooting section of this User's Guide or contact your network administrator if necessary. 42 NBG318S Users Guide CHAPTER 3 Introducing the Web Configurator This chapter describes how to access the NBG318S web configurator and provides an overview of its screens. 3.1 Web Configurator Overview The web configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy setup and management of the NBG318S via Internet browser. Use Internet Explorer 6.0 and later or Netscape Navigator 7.0 and later versions. The recommended screen resolution is 1024 by 768 pixels. In order to use the web configurator you need to allow:

Web browser pop-up windows from your device. Web pop-up blocking is enabled by default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2. JavaScripts (enabled by default). Java permissions (enabled by default). Refer to the Troubleshooting chapter to see how to make sure these functions are allowed in Internet Explorer. 3.2 Accessing the Web Configurator 1 Make sure your NBG318S hardware is properly connected and prepare your computer or computer network to connect to the NBG318S (refer to the Quick Start Guide). 2 Launch your web browser. 3 Type "http://192.168.1.1" as the URL. 4 Type "1234" (default) as the password and click Login. In some versions, the default password appears automatically - if this is the case, click Login. 5 You should see a screen asking you to change your password (highly recommended) as shown next. Type a new password (and retype it to confirm) and click Apply or click Ignore. NBG318S Users Guide 43 Chapter 3 Introducing the Web Configurator Figure 18 Change Password Screen

The management session automatically times out when the time period set in the Administrator Inactivity Timer field expires (default five minutes). Simply log back into the NBG318S if this happens. 6 Select the setup mode you want to use. Click Go to Wizard Setup to use the Configuration Wizard for basic Internet and Wireless setup. Click Go to Basic Setup if you want to view and configure basic settings that are not part of the wizard setup. Not all Web Configurator screens are available in this mode. Click Go to Advanced Setup to view and configure all the NBG318Ss settings. 44 NBG318S Users Guide Chapter 3 Introducing the Web Configurator 3.3 Resetting the NBG318S If you forget your password or cannot access the web configurator, you will need to use the RESET button at the back of the NBG318S to reload the factory-default configuration file. This means that you will lose all configurations that you had previously saved, and the password will be reset to 1234. 3.3.1 Procedure to Use the Reset Button 1 Make sure the PWR LED is on. 2 Press the RESET button for ten seconds or until the PWR LED begins to blink and then release it. When the PWR LED begins to blink, the defaults have been restored and the NBG318S restarts. 3.4 Navigating the Web Configurator The following summarizes how to navigate the web configurator from the Status screen. 3.4.1 The Status Screen The following screen displays when you log into the NBG318S.

Not all fields are available when you select Basic mode (see Section 3.2 on page 43). See the Configuration Mode field in the System Status box to check whether you are in Basic or Advanced mode. Use the Config Mode >

General screen to change between modes. NBG318S Users Guide 45 Chapter 3 Introducing the Web Configurator Figure 19 Web Configurator Status Screen The following table describes the icons shown in the Status screen. Table 2 Status Screen Icon Key ICON DESCRIPTION Select a language from the drop-down list box to have the web configurator display in that language. Click this icon to open a web help page relevant to the screen you are currently configuring. Click this icon to open the setup wizard. Click this icon to view copyright and a link for related product information. Click this icon at any time to exit the web configurator. Select a number of seconds or None from the drop-down list box to refresh all screen statistics automatically at the end of every time interval or to not refresh the screen statistics. Click this button to refresh the status screen statistics. 46 NBG318S Users Guide Chapter 3 Introducing the Web Configurator The following table describes the labels shown in the Status screen. Table 3 Web Configurator Status Screen LABEL DESCRIPTION Device Information System Name This is the System Name you enter in the Maintenance > System > General screen. It is for identification purposes. This is the ZyNOS firmware version and the date created. ZyNOS is ZyXEL's proprietary Network Operating System design. This shows the WAN Ethernet adapter MAC Address of your device. This shows the WAN ports IP address. This shows the WAN ports subnet mask. This shows the WAN ports DHCP role - Client or None. This shows the LAN Ethernet adapter MAC Address of your device. This shows the LAN ports IP address. This shows the LAN ports subnet mask. This shows the LAN ports DHCP role - Server or None. This shows the wireless adapter MAC Address of your device. This shows a descriptive name used to identify the NBG318S in the wireless LAN. This shows the channel number which you select manually. This shows the channel number which the NBG318S is currently using over the wireless LAN. This shows the level of wireless security the NBG318S is using. This shows the wireless standard. This shows whether SuperG is enabled or not. Firmware Version WAN Information

- MAC Address

- IP Address

- IP Subnet Mask

- DHCP LAN Information

- MAC Address

- IP Address

- IP Subnet Mask

- DHCP WLAN Information

- MAC Address

- Name (SSID)

- Channel

- Operating Channel

- Security Mode

- 802.11 Mode

- Super G Mode HomePlug Information

- MAC Address This shows the MAC Address of your device. System Status System Uptime Current Date/Time System Resource

- CPU Usage

- Memory Usage This is the total time the NBG318S has been on. This field displays your NBG318Ss present date and time. This displays what percentage of the NBG318Ss processing ability is currently used. When this percentage is close to 100%, the NBG318S is running at full load, and the throughput is not going to improve anymore. If you want some applications to have more throughput, you should turn off other applications (for example, using bandwidth management. This shows what percentage of the heap memory the NBG318S is using. Heap memory refers to the memory that is not used by ZyNOS (ZyXEL Network Operating System) and is thus available for running processes like NAT and the firewall. System Setting

- Firewall

- Bandwidth Management This shows whether the bandwidth management is active or not. This shows whether the firewall is active or not. NBG318S Users Guide 47 Chapter 3 Introducing the Web Configurator Table 3 Web Configurator Status Screen (continued) LABEL

- UPnP

- Configuration Mode Interface Status Interface Status Rate Summary Any IP Table BW MGMT Monitor DHCP Table Packet Statistics WLAN Station Status My HomePlug Network DESCRIPTION This shows whether UPnP is active or not. This shows whether the advanced screens of each feature are turned on

(Advanced) or not (Basic). This displays the NBG318S port types. The port types are: WAN, LAN, HomePlug AV and WLAN. For the LAN and WAN ports, this field displays Down (line is down) or Up (line is up or connected). For the WLAN, it displays Up when the WLAN is enabled or Down when the WLAN is disabled. For the HomePlug AV port it displays Up when the power cord is connected. For the LAN ports, this displays the port speed and duplex setting or N/A when the line is disconnected. For the WAN port, it displays the port speed and duplex setting if youre using Ethernet encapsulation and Idle (line (ppp) idle), Dial (starting to trigger a call) and Drop (dropping a call) if you're using PPPoE or PPTP encapsulation. This field displays N/A when the line is disconnected. For the WLAN, it displays the maximum transmission rate when the WLAN is enabled and N/A when the WLAN is disabled. For the HomePlug AV port it displays the maximum transmission rate when the HomePlug AV is enabled. Use this screen to view details of IP addresses assigned to devices not in the same subnet as the NBG318S. Use this screen to view the NBG318Ss bandwidth usage and allotments. Use this screen to view current DHCP client information. Use this screen to view port status and packet specific statistics. Use this screen to view the wireless stations that are currently associated to the NBG318S. Use this screen to view information on the stations connected to your Home Plug network. 3.4.2 Navigation Panel After you enter the password, use the sub-menus on the navigation panel to configure NBG318S features. The following table describes the sub-menus. Table 4 Screens Summary LINK Status FUNCTION This screen shows the NBG318Ss general device, system and interface status information. Use this screen to access the wizard, and summary statistics tables. TAB Network 48 NBG318S Users Guide Table 4 Screens Summary LINK Wireless LAN WAN LAN HomePlug DHCP Server NAT DDNS Security Firewall TAB General MAC Filter Advanced QoS Internet Connection Advanced IP IP Alias Advanced Network Settings General Advanced Client List General Application Advanced General General Services Content Filter Filter Management Static Route Bandwidth MGMT Schedule IP Static Route General Advanced Monitor Chapter 3 Introducing the Web Configurator FUNCTION Use this screen to configure wireless LAN. Use the MAC filter screen to configure the NBG318S to block access to devices or block the devices from accessing the NBG318S. This screen allows you to configure advanced wireless settings. Use this screen to configure Wi-Fi Multimedia Quality of Service

(WMM QoS). WMM QoS allows you to prioritize wireless traffic according to the delivery requirements of individual services. This screen allows you to configure ISP parameters, WAN IP address assignment, DNS servers and the WAN MAC address. Use this screen to configure other advanced properties. Use this screen to configure LAN IP address and subnet mask. Use this screen to partition your LAN interface into subnets. Use this screen to enable other advanced properties. Use this screen to configure HomePlug AV devices and set up a power line network. Use this screen to enable the NBG318Ss DHCP server. Use this screen to assign IP addresses to specific individual computers based on their MAC addresses and to have DNS servers assigned by the DHCP server. Use this screen to view current DHCP client information and to always assign an IP address to a MAC address (and host name). Use this screen to enable NAT. Use this screen to configure servers behind the NBG318S. Use this screen to change your NBG318Ss port triggering settings. Use this screen to set up dynamic DNS. Use this screen to activate/deactivate the firewall. This screen shows a summary of the firewall rules, and allows you to edit/add a firewall rule. Use this screen to block certain web features and sites containing certain keywords in the URL. Use this screen to set the days and times for the NBG318S to perform content filtering. Use this screen to configure IP static routes. Use this screen to enable bandwidth management. Use this screen to set the upstream bandwidth and edit a bandwidth management rule. Use this screen to view the NBG318Ss bandwidth usage and allotments. NBG318S Users Guide 49 Chapter 3 Introducing the Web Configurator Table 4 Screens Summary LINK TAB WWW Remote MGMT Telnet FTP DNS UPnP General FUNCTION Use this screen to configure through which interface(s) and from which IP address(es) users can use HTTP to manage the NBG318S. Use this screen to configure through which interface(s) and from which IP address(es) users can use Telnet to manage the NBG318S. Use this screen to configure through which interface(s) and from which IP address(es) users can use FTP to access the NBG318S. Use this screen to configure through which interface(s) and from which IP address(es) users can send DNS queries to the NBG318S. Use this screen to enable UPnP on the NBG318S. Maintenance System Logs Tools General Use this screen to view and change administrative settings such as system and domain names, password and inactivity timer. Time Setting Use this screen to change your NBG318Ss time and date. Use this screen to view the logs for the categories that you View Log selected. Use this screen to change your NBG318Ss log settings. Use this screen to upload firmware to your NBG318S. Log Settings Firmware Configuration Use this screen to backup and restore the configuration or reset the factory defaults to your NBG318S. This screen allows you to reboot the NBG318S without turning the power off. This screen allows you to display or hide the advanced screens or features. This screen allows you to select either an Ethernet or a HomePlug AV WAN connection to the Internet. Restart Config Mode General Sys OP Mode General 3.4.3 Summary: Any IP Table This screen displays the IP address of each computer that is using the NBG318S via the any IP feature. Any IP allows computers to access the Internet through the NBG318S without changing their network settings when NAT is enabled. To access this screen, open the Status screen (see Section 3.4.1 on page 45), and click (Details...) next to Any IP Table. Figure 20 Any IP Table 50 NBG318S Users Guide Chapter 3 Introducing the Web Configurator 3.4.4 Summary: Bandwidth Management Monitor Select the BW MGMT Monitor (Details...) hyperlink in Status screen. View the bandwidth usage of the WAN configured bandwidth rules. This is also shown as bandwidth usage over the bandwidth budget for each rule. The gray section of the bar represents the percentage of unused bandwidth and the blue color represents the percentage of bandwidth in use. Figure 21 Summary: BW MGMT Monitor 3.4.5 Summary: DHCP Table DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual clients to obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can configure the NBG318S as a DHCP server or disable it. When configured as a server, the NBG318S provides the TCP/IP configuration for the clients. If DHCP service is disabled, you must have another DHCP server on your LAN, or else the computer must be manually configured. Click the DHCP Table (Details...) hyperlink in the Status screen. Read-only information here relates to your DHCP status. The DHCP table shows current DHCP client information

(including IP Address, Host Name and MAC Address) of all network clients using the NBG318Ss DHCP server. Figure 22 Summary: DHCP Table The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 5 Summary: DHCP Table LABEL

IP Address Host Name DESCRIPTION This is the index number of the host computer. This field displays the IP address relative to the # field listed above. This field displays the computer host name. NBG318S Users Guide 51 Chapter 3 Introducing the Web Configurator Table 5 Summary: DHCP Table (continued) LABEL MAC Address DESCRIPTION This field shows the MAC address of the computer with the name in the Host Name field. Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. Click Refresh to renew the screen. Refresh 3.4.6 Summary: Packet Statistics Click the Packet Statistics (Details...) hyperlink in the Status screen. Read-only information here includes port status, packet specific statistics and "system up time". The Poll Interval(s) field is configurable. Figure 23 Summary: Packet Statistics The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 6 Summary: Packet Statistics LABEL Port Status DESCRIPTION This is the NBG318Ss port type. For the LAN ports, this displays the port speed and duplex setting or Down when the line is disconnected. For the WAN port, it displays the port speed and duplex setting if youre using Ethernet encapsulation and Idle (line (ppp) idle), Dial (starting to trigger a call) and Drop (dropping a call) if you're using PPPoE or PPTP encapsulation. This field displays Down when the line is disconnected. For the WLAN, it displays the maximum transmission rate when the WLAN is enabled and Down when the WLAN is disabled. This is the number of transmitted packets on this port. This is the number of received packets on this port. This is the number of collisions on this port. This displays the transmission speed in bytes per second on this port. This displays the reception speed in bytes per second on this port. This is the total amount of time the line has been up. This is the total time the NBG318S has been on. TxPkts RxPkts Collisions Tx B/s Rx B/s Up Time System Up Time 52 NBG318S Users Guide Chapter 3 Introducing the Web Configurator Table 6 Summary: Packet Statistics LABEL Poll Interval(s) Set Interval DESCRIPTION Enter the time interval for refreshing statistics in this field. Click this button to apply the new poll interval you entered in the Poll Interval(s) field. Click Stop to stop refreshing statistics. Stop 3.4.7 Summary: Wireless Station Status Click the WLAN Station Status (Details...) hyperlink in the Status screen. View the wireless stations that are currently associated to the NBG318S in the Association List screen. Figure 24 Summary: Wireless Association List The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 7 Summary: Wireless Association List LABEL

MAC Address Association Time Refresh DESCRIPTION This is the index number of an associated wireless station. This field displays the MAC address of an associated wireless station. This field displays the time a wireless station first associated with the NBG318S. Click Refresh to reload the list. 3.4.8 Summary: My HomePlug Network Status Click the My HomePlug Network (Details...) hyperlink in the Status screen. View the powerline stations that are currently associated to the NBG318S in the My Homeplug Network screen. Figure 25 Summary: My Homeplug Network. NBG318S Users Guide 53 Chapter 3 Introducing the Web Configurator The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 8 Summary: My Homeplug Network LABEL Site DESCRIPTION Your NBG318S is the Local device. All other devices on your network will be Remote. This field displays the MAC address of a HomePlug AV device detected by your NBG318S. Click Refresh to reload the list. MAC Address Refresh 54 NBG318S Users Guide CHAPTER 4 Connection Wizard This chapter provides information on the wizard setup screens in the web configurator. 4.1 Wizard Setup The web configurators wizard setup helps you configure your device to access the Internet. Refer to your ISP (Internet Service Provider) checklist in the Quick Start Guide to know what to enter in each field. Leave a field blank if you dont have that information. 1 After you access the NBG318S web configurator, click the Go to Wizard setup hyperlink. You can click the Go to Basic setup or Go to Advanced setup hyperlink to skip this wizard setup and configure basic or advanced features accordingly. Figure 26 Select Wizard or Advanced Mode 2 Choose your language from the drop-down list box. 3 Click the Next button to proceed to the next screen. NBG318S Users Guide 55 Chapter 4 Connection Wizard Figure 27 Select a Language 4 Read the on-screen information and click Next. Figure 28 Welcome to the Connection Wizard 4.2 Connection Wizard: STEP 1: System Information System Information contains administrative and system-related information. 4.2.1 System Name System Name is for identification purposes. However, because some ISPs check this name you should enter your computer's "Computer Name". In Windows 95/98 click Start, Settings, Control Panel, Network. Click the Identification tab, note the entry for the Computer Name field and enter it as the System Name. In Windows 2000, click Start, Settings and Control Panel and then double-click System. Click the Network Identification tab and then the Properties button. Note the entry for the Computer name field and enter it as the System Name. In Windows XP, click Start, My Computer, View system information and then click the Computer Name tab. Note the entry in the Full computer name field and enter it as the NBG318S System Name. 56 NBG318S Users Guide Chapter 4 Connection Wizard 4.2.2 Domain Name The Domain Name entry is what is propagated to the DHCP clients on the LAN. If you leave this blank, the domain name obtained by DHCP from the ISP is used. While you must enter the host name (System Name) on each individual computer, the domain name can be assigned from the NBG318S via DHCP. Click Next to configure the NBG318S for Internet access. Figure 29 Wizard Step 1: System Information The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 9 Wizard Step 1: System Information LABEL System Name System Name is a unique name to identify the NBG318S in an Ethernet network. DESCRIPTION Enter a descriptive name. This name can be up to 30 alphanumeric characters long. Spaces are not allowed, but dashes "-" and underscores "_" are accepted. Domain Name Type the domain name (if you know it) here. If you leave this field blank, the ISP may assign a domain name via DHCP. The domain name entered by you is given priority over the ISP assigned domain name. Click Back to display the previous screen. Click Next to proceed to the next screen. Click Exit to close the wizard screen without saving. Back Next Exit 4.3 Connection Wizard: STEP 2: Wireless LAN Set up your wireless LAN using the following screen. NBG318S Users Guide 57 Chapter 4 Connection Wizard Figure 30 Wizard Step 2: Wireless LAN The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 10 Wizard Step 2: Wireless LAN LABEL Name (SSID) DESCRIPTION Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 printable 7-bit ASCII characters) for the wireless LAN. If you change this field on the NBG318S, make sure all wireless stations use the same SSID in order to access the network. Select a Security level from the drop-down list box. Choose Auto to have the NBG318S generate a pre-shared key automatically. A screen pops up displaying the generated pre-shared key after you click Next. Write down the key for use later when connecting other wireless devices to your network. Click OK to continue. Choose None to have no wireless LAN security configured. If you do not enable any wireless security on your NBG318S, your network is accessible to any wireless networking device that is within range. If you choose this option, skip directly to Section 4.4 on page 60. Choose Basic (WEP) security if you want to configure WEP Encryption parameters. If you choose this option, go directly to Section 4.3.1 on page 59. Choose Extend (WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK) security to configure a Pre-Shared Key. Choose this option only if your wireless clients support WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK respectively. If you choose this option, skip directly to Section 4.3.2 on page 60. The range of radio frequencies used by IEEE 802.11b/g wireless devices is called a channel. Select a channel that is not used by any nearby devices. Click Back to display the previous screen. Click Next to proceed to the next screen. Click Exit to close the wizard screen without saving. Security Channel Selection Back Next Exit

The wireless stations and NBG318S must use the same SSID, channel ID and WEP encryption key (if WEP is enabled), WPA-PSK (if WPA-PSK is enabled) or WPA2-PSK (if WPA2-PSK is enabled) for wireless communication. 58 NBG318S Users Guide Chapter 4 Connection Wizard 4.3.1 Basic (WEP) Security Choose Basic (WEP) to setup WEP Encryption parameters. Figure 31 Wizard Step 2: Basic (WEP) Security The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 11 Wizard Step 2: Basic (WEP) Security LABEL Passphrase DESCRIPTION Type a Passphrase (up to 32 printable characters) and click Generate. The NBG318S automatically generates a WEP key. Select 64-bit WEP or 128-bit WEP to allow data encryption. WEP Encryption ASCII Select this option in order to enter ASCII characters as the WEP keys. HEX Select this option to enter hexadecimal characters as the WEP keys. The preceding 0x is entered automatically. Key 1 to Key 4 The WEP keys are used to encrypt data. Both the NBG318S and the wireless stations must use the same WEP key for data transmission. If you chose 64-bit WEP, then enter any 5 ASCII characters or 10 hexadecimal characters ("0-9", "A-F"). If you chose 128-bit WEP, then enter 13 ASCII characters or 26 hexadecimal characters ("0-9", "A-F"). You must configure at least one key, only one key can be activated at any one time. The default key is key 1. Click Back to display the previous screen. Back NBG318S Users Guide 59 Chapter 4 Connection Wizard Table 11 Wizard Step 2: Basic (WEP) Security LABEL Next Exit DESCRIPTION Click Next to proceed to the next screen. Click Exit to close the wizard screen without saving. 4.3.2 Extend (WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK) Security Choose Extend (WPA-PSK) or Extend (WPA2-PSK) security in the Wireless LAN setup screen to set up a Pre-Shared Key. Figure 32 Wizard Step 2: Extend (WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK) Security The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 12 Wizard Step 2: Extend (WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK) Security LABEL Pre-Shared Key DESCRIPTION Type from 8 to 63 case-sensitive ASCII characters. You can set up the most secure wireless connection by configuring WPA in the wireless LAN screens. You need to configure an authentication server to do this. Click Back to display the previous screen. Click Next to proceed to the next screen. Click Exit to close the wizard screen without saving. Back Next Exit 4.4 Connection Wizard: STEP 3: Internet Configuration The NBG318S offers three Internet connection types. They are Ethernet, PPP over Ethernet or PPTP. The wizard attempts to detect which WAN connection type you are using. If the wizard does not detect a connection type, you must select one from the drop-down list box. Check with your ISP to make sure you use the correct type. This wizard screen varies according to the connection type that you select. 60 NBG318S Users Guide Figure 33 Wizard Step 3: ISP Parameters. Chapter 4 Connection Wizard The following table describes the labels in this screen, Table 13 Wizard Step 3: ISP Parameters CONNECTION TYPE DESCRIPTION Ethernet PPPoE Select the Ethernet option when the WAN port is used as a regular Ethernet. Select the PPP over Ethernet option for a dial-up connection. If your ISP gave you a an IP address and/or subnet mask, then select PPTP. Select the PPTP option for a dial-up connection. PPTP 4.4.1 Ethernet Connection Choose Ethernet when the WAN port is used as a regular Ethernet. Figure 34 Wizard Step 3: Ethernet Connection 4.4.2 PPPoE Connection Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) functions as a dial-up connection. PPPoE is an IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) standard specifying how a host personal computer interacts with a broadband modem (for example DSL, cable, wireless, etc.) to achieve access to high-speed data networks. For the service provider, PPPoE offers an access and authentication method that works with existing access control systems (for instance, RADIUS). NBG318S Users Guide 61 Chapter 4 Connection Wizard One of the benefits of PPPoE is the ability to let end users access one of multiple network services, a function known as dynamic service selection. This enables the service provider to easily create and offer new IP services for specific users. Operationally, PPPoE saves significant effort for both the subscriber and the ISP/carrier, as it requires no specific configuration of the broadband modem at the subscribers site. By implementing PPPoE directly on the NBG318S (rather than individual computers), the computers on the LAN do not need PPPoE software installed, since the NBG318S does that part of the task. Furthermore, with NAT, all of the LAN's computers will have Internet access. Refer to the appendix for more information on PPPoE. Figure 35 Wizard Step 3: PPPoE Connection The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 14 Wizard Step 3: PPPoE Connection LABEL DESCRIPTION ISP Parameter for Internet Access Connection Type Service Name User Name Password Back Next Exit Select the PPP over Ethernet option for a dial-up connection. Type the name of your service provider. Type the user name given to you by your ISP. Type the password associated with the user name above. Click Back to return to the previous screen. Click Next to continue. Click Exit to close the wizard screen without saving. 4.4.3 PPTP Connection Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) is a network protocol that enables transfers of data from a remote client to a private server, creating a Virtual Private Network (VPN) using TCP/

IP-based networks. PPTP supports on-demand, multi-protocol, and virtual private networking over public networks, such as the Internet. Refer to the appendix for more information on PPTP. 62 NBG318S Users Guide Chapter 4 Connection Wizard

The NBG318S supports one PPTP server connection at any given time. Figure 36 Wizard Step 3: PPTP Connection The following table describes the fields in this screen Table 15 Wizard Step 3: PPTP Connection LABEL DESCRIPTION ISP Parameters for Internet Access Connection Type Select PPTP from the drop-down list box. To configure a PPTP client, you must configure the User Name and Password fields for a PPP connection and the PPTP parameters for a PPTP connection. Type the user name given to you by your ISP. Type the password associated with the User Name above. Select this radio button if your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address. Select this radio button, provided by your ISP to give the NBG318S a fixed, unique IP address. Type the (static) IP address assigned to you by your ISP. Type the subnet mask assigned to you by your ISP (if given). Type the IP address of the PPTP server. Enter the connection ID or connection name in this field. It must follow the "c:id"

and "n:name" format. For example, C:12 or N:My ISP. This field is optional and depends on the requirements of your ISP. Click Back to return to the previous screen. User Name Password PPTP Configuration Get automatically from ISP Use fixed IP address My IP Address My IP Subnet Mask Server IP Address Connection ID/

Name Back NBG318S Users Guide 63 Chapter 4 Connection Wizard Table 15 Wizard Step 3: PPTP Connection LABEL Next Exit DESCRIPTION Click Next to continue. Click Exit to close the wizard screen without saving. 4.4.4 Your IP Address The following wizard screen allows you to assign a fixed IP address or give the NBG318S an automatically assigned IP address depending on your ISP. Figure 37 Wizard Step 3: Your IP Address The following table describes the labels in this screen Table 16 Wizard Step 3: Your IP Address LABEL Get automatically from your ISP DESCRIPTION Select this option If your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address. This is the default selection. If you choose this option, skip directly to section 4.4.9. Select this option if you were given IP address and/or DNS server settings by the ISP. The fixed IP address should be in the same subnet as your broadband modem or router. Click Back to return to the previous screen. Click Next to continue. Click Exit to close the wizard screen without saving. Use fixed IP address provided by your ISP Back Next Exit 4.4.5 WAN IP Address Assignment Every computer on the Internet must have a unique IP address. If your networks are isolated from the Internet, for instance, only between your two branch offices, you can assign any IP addresses to the hosts without problems. However, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority

(IANA) has reserved the following three blocks of IP addresses specifically for private networks. Table 17 Private IP Address Ranges 10.0.0.0 172.16.0.0 192.168.0.0 10.255.255.255 172.31.255.255 192.168.255.255

64 NBG318S Users Guide Chapter 4 Connection Wizard You can obtain your IP address from the IANA, from an ISP or have it assigned by a private network. If you belong to a small organization and your Internet access is through an ISP, the ISP can provide you with the Internet addresses for your local networks. On the other hand, if you are part of a much larger organization, you should consult your network administrator for the appropriate IP addresses.

Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an arbitrary IP address;

always follow the guidelines above. For more information on address assignment, please refer to RFC 1597, Address Allocation for Private Internets and RFC 1466, Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space. 4.4.6 IP Address and Subnet Mask Similar to the way houses on a street share a common street name, so too do computers on a LAN share one common network number. Where you obtain your network number depends on your particular situation. If the ISP or your network administrator assigns you a block of registered IP addresses, follow their instructions in selecting the IP addresses and the subnet mask. If the ISP did not explicitly give you an IP network number, then most likely you have a single user account and the ISP will assign you a dynamic IP address when the connection is established. The Internet Assigned Number Authority (IANA) reserved this block of addresses specifically for private use; please do not use any other number unless you are told otherwise. Let's say you select 192.168.1.0 as the network number; which covers 254 individual addresses, from 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.254 (zero and 255 are reserved). In other words, the first three numbers specify the network number while the last number identifies an individual computer on that network. Once you have decided on the network number, pick an IP address that is easy to remember, for instance, 192.168.1.1, for your NBG318S, but make sure that no other device on your network is using that IP address. The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your NBG318S will compute the subnet mask automatically based on the IP address that you entered. You don't need to change the subnet mask computed by the NBG318S unless you are instructed to do otherwise. 4.4.7 DNS Server Address Assignment Use DNS (Domain Name System) to map a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice versa, for instance, the IP address of www.zyxel.com is 204.217.0.2. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must know the IP address of a computer before you can access it. The NBG318S can get the DNS server addresses in the following ways. 1 The ISP tells you the DNS server addresses, usually in the form of an information sheet, when you sign up. If your ISP gives you DNS server addresses, enter them in the DNS Server fields in the Wizard and/or WAN > Internet Connection screen. NBG318S Users Guide 65 Chapter 4 Connection Wizard 2 If the ISP did not give you DNS server information, leave the DNS Server fields set to 0.0.0.0 in the Wizard screen and/or set to From ISP in the WAN > Internet Connection screen for the ISP to dynamically assign the DNS server IP addresses. 4.4.8 WAN IP and DNS Server Address Assignment The following wizard screen allows you to assign a fixed WAN IP address and DNS server addresses. Figure 38 Wizard Step 3: WAN IP and DNS Server Addresses The following table describes the labels in this screen Table 18 Wizard Step 3: WAN IP and DNS Server Addresses LABEL WAN IP Address Assignment My WAN IP Address DESCRIPTION Enter your WAN IP address in this field. The WAN IP address should be in the same subnet as your DSL/Cable modem or router. Enter the gateway IP address in this field. My WAN IP Subnet Mask Enter the IP subnet mask in this field. Gateway IP Address System DNS Server Address Assignment (if applicable) DNS (Domain Name System) is for mapping a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice versa. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must know the IP address of a computer before you can access it. The NBG318S uses a system DNS server (in the order you specify here) to resolve domain names for DDNS and the time server. First DNS Server Second DNS Server Third DNS Server Back Next Exit Enter the DNS server's IP address in the fields provided. If you do not configure a system DNS server, you must use IP addresses when configuring DDNS and the time server. Click Back to return to the previous screen. Click Next to continue. Click Exit to close the wizard screen without saving. 66 NBG318S Users Guide 4.4.9 WAN MAC Address Chapter 4 Connection Wizard Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. Table 19 Example of Network Properties for LAN Servers with Fixed IP Addresses Choose an IP address Subnet mask Gateway (or default route) 192.168.1.2-192.168.1.32; 192.168.1.65-192.168.1.254. 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1(NBG318S LAN IP) This screen allows users to configure the WAN port's MAC address by either using the NBG318Ss MAC address, copying the MAC address from a computer on your LAN or manually entering a MAC address. Once it is successfully configured, the address will be copied to the "rom" file (ZyNOS configuration file). It will not change unless you change the setting or upload a different "rom" file. It is advisable to clone the MAC address from a computer on your LAN even if your ISP does not presently require MAC address authentication. Figure 39 Wizard Step 3: WAN MAC Address The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 20 Wizard Step 3: WAN MAC Address LABEL Factory Default Clone the computers MAC address DESCRIPTION Select Factory Default to use the factory assigned default MAC address. Select this option and enter the IP address of the computer on the LAN whose MAC you are cloning. It is advisable to clone the MAC address from a computer on your LAN even if your ISP does not presently require MAC address authentication. Select this option and enter the MAC address you want to use. Set WAN MAC Address Back Next Exit Click Back to return to the previous screen. Click Next to continue. Click Exit to close the wizard screen without saving. NBG318S Users Guide 67 Chapter 4 Connection Wizard 4.5 Connection Wizard: STEP 4: Bandwidth management Bandwidth management allows you to control the amount of bandwidth going out through the NBG318Ss WAN, LAN or WLAN port and prioritize the distribution of the bandwidth according to the traffic type. This helps keep one service from using all of the available bandwidth and shutting out other users. Figure 40 Wizard Step 4: Bandwidth Management The following fields describe the label in this screen. Table 21 Wizard Step 4: Bandwidth Management LABEL Enable BM for all traffic automatically DESCRIPTION Select the check box to have the NBG318S apply bandwidth management to traffic going out through the NBG318Ss WAN, LAN, HomePlug AV or WLAN port. Bandwidth is allocated according to the traffic type automatically. Real-time packets, such as VoIP traffic always get higher priority. Click Back to return to the previous screen. Click Next to continue. Click Exit to close the wizard screen without saving. Back Next Exit 4.6 Connection Wizard Complete Click Apply to save your configuration. 68 NBG318S Users Guide Figure 41 Connection Wizard Save Chapter 4 Connection Wizard Follow the on-screen instructions and click Finish to complete the wizard setup. Figure 42 Connection Wizard Complete Well done! You have successfully set up your NBG318S to operate on your network and access the Internet. NBG318S Users Guide 69 Chapter 4 Connection Wizard 70 NBG318S Users Guide PART II Network Wireless LAN (73) WAN (93) LAN (103) HomePlug AV (109) DHCP (115) Network Address Translation (NAT) (119) Dynamic DNS (129) 71 72 CHAPTER 5 Wireless LAN This chapter discusses how to configure the wireless network settings in your NBG318S. See the appendices for more detailed information about wireless networks. 5.1 Wireless Network Overview The following figure provides an example of a wireless network. Figure 43 Example of a Wireless Network The wireless network is the part in the blue circle. In this wireless network, devices A and B are called wireless clients. The wireless clients use the access point (AP) to interact with other devices (such as the printer) or with the Internet. Your NBG318S is the AP. Every wireless network must follow these basic guidelines. Every wireless client in the same wireless network must use the same SSID. The SSID is the name of the wireless network. It stands for Service Set IDentity. If two wireless networks overlap, they should use different channels. Like radio stations or television channels, each wireless network uses a specific channel, or frequency, to send and receive information. NBG318S Users Guide 73 Chapter 5 Wireless LAN Every wireless client in the same wireless network must use security compatible with the AP. Security stops unauthorized devices from using the wireless network. It can also protect the information that is sent in the wireless network. Requirements To add a wireless LAN to your existing network, make sure you have the following:

1 an access point (AP) or a router with the wireless feature 2 at least one wireless network card/adapter which varies according to your computer. If you have a desktop, use either a wireless USB adapter or a wireless PCI adapter. If you have a laptop, use either a wireless USB adapter or a wireless CardBus card. 3 a RADIUS server only if you want to use IEEE802.1x, WPA or WPA2 To have two or more computers communicate with each other wirelessly without an AP or wireless router, make sure you have the following:

1 two or more wireless network cards/adapters which vary according to your computers. If you have a desktop, use either a wireless USB adapter or a wireless PCI adapter. If you have a laptop, use either a wireless USB adapter or a wireless CardBus card. Setup Information To set up your wireless network using an AP or wireless router, make sure your AP or wireless router and wireless network card(s)/adapter(s) use the same following settings:

SSID:_____________________ Channel: auto or _________ Network type of a wireless network card/adapter: Infrastructure wireless standard: IEEE 802.11b, g, b/g or a Security:

( ) None

( ) WEP (64bit, 128bit or 256bit key) (ASCII or Hex):________________

( ) IEEE 802.1x

( ) WPA-PSK (TKIP or AES):_______________

( ) WPA (TKIP or AES)

( ) WPA2-PSK (TKIP or AES):______________ 74 NBG318S Users Guide Chapter 5 Wireless LAN

( ) WPA2 (TKIP or AES) Preamble type (if available): auto, short or long To set up your wireless network without an AP or wireless router, make sure wireless network cards/adapters use the same following settings:

Network type: Ad-Hoc SSID:_____________________ Channel: _________________ wireless standard: IEEE 802.11b, g, b/g or a Security:

( ) None

( ) WEP (64bit, 128bit or 256bit key) (ASCII or Hex):________________ 5.2 Wireless Security Overview The following sections introduce different types of wireless security you can set up in the wireless network. 5.2.1 SSID Normally, the AP acts like a beacon and regularly broadcasts the SSID in the area. You can hide the SSID instead, in which case the AP does not broadcast the SSID. In addition, you should change the default SSID to something that is difficult to guess. This type of security is fairly weak, however, because there are ways for unauthorized devices to get the SSID. In addition, unauthorized devices can still see the information that is sent in the wireless network. 5.2.2 MAC Address Filter Every wireless client has a unique identification number, called a MAC address.1 A MAC address is usually written using twelve hexadecimal characters2; for example, 00A0C5000002 or 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. To get the MAC address for each wireless client, see the appropriate Users Guide or other documentation. You can use the MAC address filter to tell the AP which wireless clients are allowed or not allowed to use the wireless network. If a wireless client is allowed to use the wireless network, it still has to have the correct settings (SSID, channel, and security). If a wireless client is not allowed to use the wireless network, it does not matter if it has the correct settings. This type of security does not protect the information that is sent in the wireless network. Furthermore, there are ways for unauthorized devices to get the MAC address of an authorized wireless client. Then, they can use that MAC address to use the wireless network. 1. Some wireless devices, such as scanners, can detect wireless networks but cannot use wireless networks. These kinds of wireless devices might not have MAC addresses. 2. Hexadecimal characters are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, and F. NBG318S Users Guide 75 Chapter 5 Wireless LAN 5.2.3 User Authentication You can make every user log in to the wireless network before they can use it. This is called user authentication. However, every wireless client in the wireless network has to support IEEE 802.1x to do this. For wireless networks, there are two typical places to store the user names and passwords for each user. In the AP: this feature is called a local user database or a local database. In a RADIUS server: this is a server used in businesses more than in homes. If your AP does not provide a local user database and if you do not have a RADIUS server, you cannot set up user names and passwords for your users. Unauthorized devices can still see the information that is sent in the wireless network, even if they cannot use the wireless network. Furthermore, there are ways for unauthorized wireless users to get a valid user name and password. Then, they can use that user name and password to use the wireless network. Local user databases also have an additional limitation that is explained in the next section. 5.2.4 Encryption Wireless networks can use encryption to protect the information that is sent in the wireless network. Encryption is like a secret code. If you do not know the secret code, you cannot understand the message. The types of encryption you can choose depend on the type of user authentication. (See Section 5.2.3 on page 76 for information about this.) Table 22 Types of Encryption for Each Type of Authentication Weakest NO AUTHENTICATION No Security Static WEP WPA-PSK Strongest WPA2-PSK RADIUS SERVER WPA WPA2 For example, if the wireless network has a RADIUS server, you can choose WPA or WPA2. If users do not log in to the wireless network, you can choose no encryption, Static WEP, WPA-PSK, or WPA2-PSK. Usually, you should set up the strongest encryption that every wireless client in the wireless network supports. For example, suppose the AP does not have a local user database, and you do not have a RADIUS server. Therefore, there is no user authentication. Suppose the wireless network has two wireless clients. Device A only supports WEP, and device B supports WEP and WPA. Therefore, you should set up Static WEP in the wireless network. 76 NBG318S Users Guide Chapter 5 Wireless LAN

It is recommended that wireless networks use WPA-PSK, WPA, or stronger encryption. IEEE 802.1x and WEP encryption are better than none at all, but it is still possible for unauthorized devices to figure out the original information pretty quickly. It is not possible to use WPA-PSK, WPA or stronger encryption with a local user database. In this case, it is better to set up stronger encryption with no authentication than to set up weaker encryption with the local user database. When you select WPA2 or WPA2-PSK in your NBG318S, you can also select an option

(WPA Compatible) to support WPA as well. In this case, if some wireless clients support WPA and some support WPA2, you should set up WPA2-PSK or WPA2 (depending on the type of wireless network login) and select the WPA Compatible option in the NBG318S. Many types of encryption use a key to protect the information in the wireless network. The longer the key, the stronger the encryption. Every wireless client in the wireless network must have the same key. 5.3 Roaming A wireless station is a device with an IEEE 802.11a/b/g compliant wireless interface. An access point (AP) acts as a bridge between the wireless and wired networks. An AP creates its own wireless coverage area. A wireless station can associate with a particular access point only if it is within the access points coverage area. In a network environment with multiple access points, wireless stations are able to switch from one access point to another as they move between the coverage areas. This is known as roaming. As the wireless station moves from place to place, it is responsible for choosing the most appropriate access point depending on the signal strength, network utilization or other factors. The roaming feature on the access points allows the access points to relay information about the wireless stations to each other. When a wireless station moves from a coverage area to another, it scans and uses the channel of a new access point, which then informs the other access points on the LAN about the change. An example is shown in Figure 44 on page 78. With roaming, a wireless LAN mobile user enjoys a continuous connection to the wired network through an access point while moving around the wireless LAN. Enable roaming to exchange the latest bridge information of all wireless stations between APs when a wireless station moves between coverage areas. Wireless stations can still associate with other APs even if you disable roaming. Enabling roaming ensures correct traffic forwarding (bridge tables are updated) and maximum AP efficiency. The AP deletes records of wireless stations that associate with other APs (Non-ZyXEL APs may not be able to perform this). 802.1x authentication information is not exchanged (at the time of writing). NBG318S Users Guide 77 Chapter 5 Wireless LAN Figure 44 Roaming Example The steps below describe the roaming process. 1 Wireless station Y moves from the coverage area of access point AP 1 to that of access point AP 2. 2 Wireless station Y scans and detects the signal of access point AP 2. 3 Wireless station Y sends an association request to access point AP 2. 4 Access point AP 2 acknowledges the presence of wireless station Y and relays this information to access point AP 1 through the wired LAN. 5 Access point AP 1 updates the new position of wireless station Y. 5.3.1 Requirements for Roaming The following requirements must be met in order for wireless stations to roam between the coverage areas. 1 All the access points must be on the same subnet and configured with the same ESSID. 2 If IEEE 802.1x user authentication is enabled and to be done locally on the access point, the new access point must have the user profile for the wireless station. 3 The adjacent access points should use different radio channels when their coverage areas overlap. 4 All access points must use the same port number to relay roaming information. 5 The access points must be connected to the Ethernet and be able to get IP addresses from a DHCP server if using dynamic IP address assignment. 5.4 Quality of Service This section discusses the Quality of Service (QoS) features available on the NBG318S. 78 NBG318S Users Guide Chapter 5 Wireless LAN 5.4.1 WMM QoS WMM (Wi-Fi MultiMedia) QoS (Quality of Service) ensures quality of service in wireless networks. It controls WLAN transmission priority on packets to be transmitted over the wireless network. WMM QoS prioritizes wireless traffic according to delivery requirements. WMM QoS is a part of the IEEE 802.11e QoS enhancement to certified Wi-Fi wireless networks. On APs without WMM QoS, all traffic streams are given the same access priority to the wireless network. If the introduction of another traffic stream creates a data transmission demand that exceeds the current network capacity, then the new traffic stream reduces the throughput of the other traffic streams. The NBG318S uses WMM QoS to prioritize traffic streams according to the IEEE 802.1q tag or DSCP information in each packets header. The NBG318S automatically determines the priority to use for an individual traffic stream. This prevents reductions in data transmission for applications that are sensitive to latency (delay) and jitter (variations in delay). 5.4.1.1 WMM QoS Priorities The following table describes the WMM QoS priority levels that the NBG318S uses. Table 23 WMM QoS Priorities PRIORITY LEVEL voice

(WMM_VOICE) video

(WMM_VIDEO) best effort

(WMM_BEST_EFFORT) DESCRIPTION Typically used for traffic that is especially sensitive to jitter. Use this priority to reduce latency for improved voice quality. Typically used for traffic which has some tolerance for jitter but needs to be prioritized over other data traffic. Typically used for traffic from applications or devices that lack QoS capabilities. Use best effort priority for traffic that is less sensitive to latency, but is affected by long delays, such as Internet surfing. This is typically used for non-critical traffic such as bulk transfers and print jobs that are allowed but that should not affect other applications and users. Use background priority for applications that do not have strict latency and throughput requirements. background

(WMM_BACKGROUND) 5.5 General Wireless LAN Screen

If you are configuring the NBG318S from a computer connected to the wireless LAN and you change the NBG318Ss SSID, channel or security settings, you will lose your wireless connection when you press Apply to confirm. You must then change the wireless settings of your computer to match the NBG318Ss new settings. Click Network > Wireless LAN to open the General screen. NBG318S Users Guide 79 Chapter 5 Wireless LAN Figure 45 Network > Wireless LAN > General The following table describes the general wireless LAN labels in this screen. Table 24 Network > Wireless LAN > General LABEL Enable Wireless LAN Name(SSID) DESCRIPTION Click the check box to activate wireless LAN.

(Service Set IDentity) The SSID identifies the Service Set with which a wireless station is associated. Wireless stations associating to the access point (AP) must have the same SSID. Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 printable 7-bit ASCII characters) for the wireless LAN. Select this check box to hide the SSID in the outgoing beacon frame so a station cannot obtain the SSID through scanning using a site survey tool. Set the operating frequency/channel depending on your particular region. Select a channel from the drop-down list box. The options vary depending on whether you are using A or B/G frequency band and the country you are in. Refer to the Connection Wizard chapter for more information on channels. This displays the channel the NBG318S is currently using. Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG318S. Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen. Hide SSID Channel Selection Operating Channel Apply Reset See the rest of this chapter for information on the other labels in this screen. 5.5.1 No Security Select No Security to allow wireless stations to communicate with the access points without any data encryption.

If you do not enable any wireless security on your NBG318S, your network is accessible to any wireless networking device that is within range. 80 NBG318S Users Guide

Figure 46 Network > Wireless LAN > General: No Security Chapter 5 Wireless LAN The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 25 Wireless No Security LABEL DESCRIPTION Security Mode Choose No Security from the drop-down list box. Apply Reset Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG318S. Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen. 5.5.2 WEP Encryption WEP encryption scrambles the data transmitted between the wireless stations and the access points to keep network communications private. It encrypts unicast and multicast communications in a network. Both the wireless stations and the access points must use the same WEP key. Your NBG318S allows you to configure up to four 64-bit or 128-bit WEP keys but only one key can be enabled at any one time. In order to configure and enable WEP encryption; click Network > Wireless LAN to display the General screen. Select Static WEP from the Security Mode list. NBG318S Users Guide 81 Chapter 5 Wireless LAN Figure 47 Network > Wireless LAN > General: Static WEP The following table describes the wireless LAN security labels in this screen. Table 26 Network > Wireless LAN > General: Static WEP LABEL Passphrase DESCRIPTION Enter a passphrase (password phrase) of up to 32 printable characters and click Generate. The NBG318S automatically generates four different WEP keys and displays them in the Key fields below. Select 64-bit WEP or 128-bit WEP to enable data encryption. This field is activated when you select 64-bit WEP or 128-bit WEP in the WEP Encryption field. Select Auto, Open System or Shared Key from the drop-down list box. Select this option in order to enter ASCII characters as WEP key. Select this option in order to enter hexadecimal characters as a WEP key. The preceding "0x", that identifies a hexadecimal key, is entered automatically. Key 1 to Key 4 The WEP keys are used to encrypt data. Both the NBG318S and the wireless ASCII Hex WEP Encryption Authentication Method stations must use the same WEP key for data transmission. If you chose 64-bit WEP, then enter any 5 ASCII characters or 10 hexadecimal characters ("0-9", "A-F"). If you chose 128-bit WEP, then enter 13 ASCII characters or 26 hexadecimal characters ("0-9", "A-F"). You must configure at least one key, only one key can be activated at any one time. The default key is key 1. Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG318S. Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen. NBG318S Users Guide Apply Reset 82 Chapter 5 Wireless LAN 5.5.3 WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK Click Network > Wireless LAN to display the General screen. Select WPA-PSK or WPA2-

PSK from the Security Mode list. Figure 48 Network > Wireless LAN > General: WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 27 Network > Wireless LAN > General: WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK LABEL WPA Compatible DESCRIPTION This check box is available only when you select WPA2-PSK or WPA2 in the Security Mode field. Select the check box to have both WPA2 and WPA wireless clients be able to communicate with the NBG318S even when the NBG318S is using WPA2-PSK or WPA2. The encryption mechanisms used for WPA/WPA2 and WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK are the same. The only difference between the two is that WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK uses a simple common password, instead of user-specific credentials. Type a pre-shared key from 8 to 63 case-sensitive ASCII characters (including spaces and symbols). Specify how often wireless stations have to resend usernames and passwords in order to stay connected. Enter a time interval between 10 and 9999 seconds. The default time interval is 1800 seconds (30 minutes). Note: If wireless station authentication is done using a RADIUS server, the reauthentication timer on the RADIUS server has priority. The NBG318S automatically disconnects a wireless station from the wired network after a period of inactivity. The wireless station needs to enter the username and password again before access to the wired network is allowed. The default time interval is 3600 seconds (or 1 hour). Pre-Shared Key ReAuthentication Timer (in seconds) Idle Timeout NBG318S Users Guide 83 Chapter 5 Wireless LAN Table 27 Network > Wireless LAN > General: WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK LABEL Group Key Update Timer DESCRIPTION The Group Key Update Timer is the rate at which the AP (if using WPA-PSK/

WPA2-PSK key management) or RADIUS server (if using WPA/WPA2 key management) sends a new group key out to all clients. The re-keying process is the WPA/WPA2 equivalent of automatically changing the WEP key for an AP and all stations in a WLAN on a periodic basis. Setting of the Group Key Update Timer is also supported in WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK mode. The default is 1800 seconds (30 minutes). Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG318S. Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen. Apply Reset 5.5.4 WPA/WPA2 Click Network > Wireless LAN to display the General screen. Select WPA or WPA2 from the Security Mode list. Figure 49 Network > Wireless LAN > General: WPA/WPA2 84 NBG318S Users Guide Chapter 5 Wireless LAN The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 28 Network > Wireless LAN > General: WPA/WPA2 LABEL WPA Compatible DESCRIPTION This check box is available only when you select WPA2-PSK or WPA2 in the Security Mode field. Select the check box to have both WPA2 and WPA wireless clients be able to communicate with the NBG318S even when the NBG318S is using WPA2-PSK or WPA2. Specify how often wireless stations have to resend usernames and passwords in order to stay connected. Enter a time interval between 10 and 9999 seconds. The default time interval is 1800 seconds (30 minutes). Note: If wireless station authentication is done using a RADIUS server, the reauthentication timer on the RADIUS server has priority. The NBG318S automatically disconnects a wireless station from the wired network after a period of inactivity. The wireless station needs to enter the username and password again before access to the wired network is allowed. The default time interval is 3600 seconds (or 1 hour). The Group Key Update Timer is the rate at which the AP (if using WPA-PSK/

WPA2-PSK key management) or RADIUS server (if using WPA/WPA2 key management) sends a new group key out to all clients. The re-keying process is the WPA/WPA2 equivalent of automatically changing the WEP key for an AP and all stations in a WLAN on a periodic basis. Setting of the Group Key Update Timer is also supported in WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK mode. The NBG318S default is 1800 seconds (30 minutes). Enter the IP address of the external authentication server in dotted decimal notation. Enter the port number of the external authentication server. The default port number is 1812. You need not change this value unless your network administrator instructs you to do so with additional information. Enter a password (up to 31 alphanumeric characters) as the key to be shared between the external authentication server and the NBG318S. The key must be the same on the external authentication server and your NBG318S. The key is not sent over the network. Select Yes from the drop down list box to enable user accounting through an external authentication server. Enter the IP address of the external accounting server in dotted decimal notation. Enter the port number of the external accounting server. The default port number is 1813. You need not change this value unless your network administrator instructs you to do so with additional information. Enter a password (up to 31 alphanumeric characters) as the key to be shared between the external accounting server and the NBG318S. The key must be the same on the external accounting server and your NBG318S. The key is not sent over the network. Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG318S. Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen. ReAuthentication Timer (in seconds) Idle Timeout Group Key Update Timer Authentication Server IP Address Port Number Shared Secret Accounting Server Active IP Address Port Number Shared Secret Apply Reset NBG318S Users Guide 85 Chapter 5 Wireless LAN 5.6 MAC Filter The MAC filter screen allows you to configure the NBG318S to give exclusive access to up to 32 devices (Allow) or exclude up to 32 devices from accessing the NBG318S (Deny). Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. You need to know the MAC address of the devices to configure this screen. To change your NBG318Ss MAC filter settings, click Network > Wireless LAN > MAC Filter. The screen appears as shown. Figure 50 Network > Wireless LAN > MAC Filter DESCRIPTION Select Yes from the drop down list box to enable MAC address filtering. The following table describes the labels in this menu. Table 29 Network > Wireless LAN > MAC Filter LABEL Active Filter Action Define the filter action for the list of MAC addresses in the MAC Address table. Select Deny to block access to the NBG318S, MAC addresses not listed will be allowed to access the NBG318S Select Allow to permit access to the NBG318S, MAC addresses not listed will be denied access to the NBG318S. 86 NBG318S Users Guide Chapter 5 Wireless LAN Table 29 Network > Wireless LAN > MAC Filter LABEL Set MAC Address DESCRIPTION This is the index number of the MAC address. Enter the MAC addresses of the wireless station that are allowed or denied access to the NBG318S in these address fields. Enter the MAC addresses in a valid MAC address format, that is, six hexadecimal character pairs, for example, 12:34:56:78:9a:bc. Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG318S. Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen. Apply Reset 5.7 Wireless LAN Advanced Screen Click Network > Wireless LAN > Advanced. The screen appears as shown. Figure 51 Network > Wireless LAN > Advanced The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 30 Network > Wireless LAN > Advanced LABEL Roaming Configuration Enable Roaming DESCRIPTION Select this option if your network environment has multiple APs and you want your wireless device to be able to access the network as you move between wireless networks. Wireless Advanced Setup RTS/CTS Threshold Data with its frame size larger than this value will perform the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear To Send) handshake. If the RTS/CTS value is greater than the Fragmentation Threshold value, then the RTS/CTS handshake will never occur as data frames will be fragmented before they reach RTS/CTS size. Enter a value between 0 and 2432. It is the maximum data fragment size that can be sent. Enter a value between 256 and 2432. Fragmentation Threshold NBG318S Users Guide 87 Chapter 5 Wireless LAN Table 30 Network > Wireless LAN > Advanced LABEL Enable Intra-

BSS Traffic DESCRIPTION A Basic Service Set (BSS) exists when all communications between wireless clients or between a wireless client and a wired network client go through one access point

(AP). Intra-BSS traffic is traffic between wireless clients in the BSS. When Intra-BSS is enabled, wireless client A and B can access the wired network and communicate with each other. When Intra-BSS is disabled, wireless client A and B can still access the wired network but cannot communicate with each other. Set the output power of the NBG318S in this field. If there is a high density of APs within an area, decrease the output power of the NBG318S to reduce interference with other APs. Select 802.11b to allow only IEEE 802.11b compliant WLAN devices to associate with the NBG318S. Select 802.11g to allow only IEEE 802.11g compliant WLAN devices to associate with the NBG318S. Select 802.11b/g to allow either IEEE802.11b or IEEE802.11g compliant WLAN devices to associate with the NBG318S. The transmission rate of your NBG318S might be reduced. only if you select 802.11g or 802.11b/g in the 802.11 Mode field. Super G provides higher data transmission rates than 802.11g. Select Disabled if your wireless clients do not support Super G. Select Super G with Dynamic Turbo if some or all of your wireless clients support Super G with Dynamic Turbo. Dynamic Turbo uses two channels bonded together to achieve higher transmission rates than 802.11g or Super G without Dynamic Turbo. Dynamic turbo is on only when all wireless devices on the network support it. The wireless channel is automatically fixed at 6 if you select this mode. Select Super G without Turbo if the wireless clients on your network support Super G but do not support dynamic turbo. Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG318S. Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen. Output Power 802.11 Mode Apply Reset Super G Mode Use this field to enable or disable the Super G function. Super G mode is available 5.8 Quality of Service (QoS) Screen The QoS screen allows you to automatically give a service (such as e-mail, VoIP or FTP) a priority level. Click Network > Wireless LAN > QoS. The following screen appears. 88 NBG318S Users Guide Figure 52 Network > Wireless LAN > QoS Chapter 5 Wireless LAN The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 31 Network > Wireless LAN > QoS LABEL Enable WMM QoS DESCRIPTION Select this to turn on WMM QoS (Wireless MultiMedia Quality of Service). The NBG318S assigns priority to packets based on the 802.1q or DSCP information in their headers. If a packet has no WMM information in its header, it is assigned the default priority. Select Default to have the NBG318S automatically give a service a priority level according to the ToS value in the IP header of packets it sends. WMM QoS (Wifi MultiMedia Quality of Service) gives high priority to voice and video, which makes them run more smoothly. Select Application Priority from the drop-down list box to display a table of application names, services, ports and priorities to which you want to apply WMM QoS. The table appears only if you select Application Priority in WMM QoS Policy. This is the number of an individual application entry. This field displays a description given to an application entry. This field displays either FTP, WWW, E-mail or a User Defined service to which you want to apply WMM QoS. This field displays the destination port number to which the application sends traffic. WMM QoS Policy

Name Service Dest Port NBG318S Users Guide 89 Chapter 5 Wireless LAN Table 31 Network > Wireless LAN > QoS (continued) LABEL Priority DESCRIPTION This field displays the priority of the application. Highest - Typically used for voice or video that should be high-

quality. High - Typically used for voice or video that can be medium-quality. Mid - Typically used for applications that do not fit into another priority. For example, Internet surfing. Low - Typically used for non-critical background applications, such as large file transfers and print jobs that should not affect other applications. Click the Edit icon to open the Application Priority Configuration screen. Modify an existing application entry or create a application entry in the Application Priority Configuration screen. Click the Remove icon to delete an application entry. Click Apply to save your changes to the NBG318S. Modify Apply 5.8.1 Application Priority Configuration Use this screen to edit a WMM QoS application entry. Click the edit icon under Modify. The following screen displays. Figure 53 Network > Wireless LAN > QoS: Application Priority Configuration See Appendix F on page 271 for a list of commonly-used services and destination ports. The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 32 Network > Wireless LAN > QoS: Application Priority Configuration LABEL Application Priority Configuration Name Type a description of the application priority. DESCRIPTION 90 NBG318S Users Guide Chapter 5 Wireless LAN Table 32 Network > Wireless LAN > QoS: Application Priority Configuration (continued) LABEL Service FTP DESCRIPTION The following is a description of the applications you can prioritize with WMM QoS. Select a service from the drop-down list box. E-Mail Electronic mail consists of messages sent through a computer network to specific groups or individuals. Here are some default ports for e-mail:

POP3 - port 110 IMAP - port 143 SMTP - port 25 HTTP - port 80 File Transfer Protocol enables fast transfer of files, including large files that it may not be possible to send via e-mail. FTP uses port number 21. WWW The World Wide Web is an Internet system to distribute graphical, hyper-

linked information, based on Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) - a client/

server protocol for the World Wide Web. The Web is not synonymous with the Internet; rather, it is just one service on the Internet. Other services on the Internet include Internet Relay Chat and Newsgroups. The Web is accessed through use of a browser. User-Defined User-defined services are user specific services configured using known ports and applications. This displays the port the selected service uses. Type a port number in the field provided if you want to use a different port to the default port. Select a priority from the drop-down list box. Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG318S. Click Cancel to return to the previous screen. Dest Port Priority Apply Cancel NBG318S Users Guide 91 Chapter 5 Wireless LAN 92 NBG318S Users Guide CHAPTER 6 WAN This chapter describes how to configure WAN settings. 6.1 WAN Overview See the chapter about the connection wizard for more information on the fields in the WAN screens. 6.2 WAN MAC Address The MAC address screen allows users to configure the WAN port's MAC address by either using the factory default or cloning the MAC address from a computer on your LAN. Choose Factory Default to select the factory assigned default MAC Address. Otherwise, click Clone the computer's MAC address - IP Address and enter the IP address of the computer on the LAN whose MAC you are cloning. Once it is successfully configured, the address will be copied to the rom file (ZyNOS configuration file). It will not change unless you change the setting or upload a different ROM file. It is recommended that you clone the MAC address prior to hooking up the WAN Port. 6.3 Multicast Traditionally, IP packets are transmitted in one of either two ways - Unicast (1 sender - 1 recipient) or Broadcast (1 sender - everybody on the network). Multicast delivers IP packets to a group of hosts on the network - not everybody and not just 1. IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership in a Multicast group - it is not used to carry user data. IGMP version 2 (RFC 2236) is an improvement over version 1 (RFC 1112) but IGMP version 1 is still in wide use. If you would like to read more detailed information about interoperability between IGMP version 2 and version 1, please see sections 4 and 5 of RFC 2236. The class D IP address is used to identify host groups and can be in the range 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. The address 224.0.0.0 is not assigned to any group and is used by IP multicast computers. The address 224.0.0.1 is used for query messages and is assigned to the permanent group of all IP hosts

(including gateways). All hosts must join the 224.0.0.1 group in order to participate in IGMP. The address 224.0.0.2 is assigned to the multicast routers group. NBG318S Users Guide 93 Chapter 6 WAN The NBG318S supports both IGMP version 1 (IGMP-v1) and IGMP version 2 (IGMP-v2). At start up, the NBG318S queries all directly connected networks to gather group membership. After that, the NBG318S periodically updates this information. IP multicasting can be enabled/disabled on the NBG318S LAN and/or WAN interfaces in the web configurator (LAN; WAN). Select None to disable IP multicasting on these interfaces. 6.4 Internet Connection Use this screen to change your NBG318Ss Internet access settings. Click Network > WAN. The screen differs according to the encapsulation you choose. 6.4.1 Ethernet Encapsulation This screen displays when you select Ethernet encapsulation. Figure 54 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: Ethernet Encapsulation 94 NBG318S Users Guide Chapter 6 WAN Service Type The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 33 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: Ethernet Encapsulation LABEL Encapsulation DESCRIPTION You must choose the Ethernet option when the WAN port is used as a regular Ethernet. Choose from Standard, RR-Telstra (RoadRunner Telstra authentication method), RR-Manager (Roadrunner Manager authentication method), RR-

Toshiba (Roadrunner Toshiba authentication method) or Telia Login. The following fields do not appear with the Standard service type. Type the user name given to you by your ISP. Type the password associated with the user name above. User Name Password Retype to Confirm Type your password again to make sure that you have entered is correctly. Login Server IP Address Type the authentication server IP address here if your ISP gave you one. This field is not available for Telia Login. Type the domain name of the Telia login server, for example login1.telia.com. Login Server

(Telia Login only) Relogin Every(min) (Telia Login only) WAN IP Address Assignment Get automatically from ISP Use Fixed IP Address The Telia server logs the NBG318S out if the NBG318S does not log in periodically. Type the number of minutes from 1 to 59 (30 default) for the NBG318S to wait between logins. Select this option If your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address. This is the default selection. Select this option If the ISP assigned a fixed IP address. IP Address IP Subnet Mask Gateway IP Address DNS Servers First DNS Server Second DNS Server Third DNS Server WAN MAC Address Factory default Clone the computers MAC address Enter your WAN IP address in this field if you selected Use Fixed IP Address. Enter the IP Subnet Mask in this field. Enter a Gateway IP Address (if your ISP gave you one) in this field. Select From ISP if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server information (and the NBG318S's WAN IP address). The field to the right displays the (read-only) DNS server IP address that the ISP assigns. Select User-Defined if you have the IP address of a DNS server. Enter the DNS server's IP address in the field to the right. If you chose User-Defined, but leave the IP address set to 0.0.0.0, User-Defined changes to None after you click Apply. If you set a second choice to User-Defined, and enter the same IP address, the second User-Defined changes to None after you click Apply. Select None if you do not want to configure DNS servers. If you do not configure a DNS server, you must know the IP address of a computer in order to access it. The MAC address section allows users to configure the WAN port's MAC address by either using the NBG318Ss MAC address, copying the MAC address from a computer on your LAN or manually entering a MAC address. Select Factory default to use the factory assigned default MAC Address. Select Clone the computer's MAC address - IP Address and enter the IP address of the computer on the LAN whose MAC you are cloning. Once it is successfully configured, the address will be copied to the rom file (ZyNOS configuration file). It will not change unless you change the setting or upload a different ROM file. NBG318S Users Guide 95 Chapter 6 WAN Table 33 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: Ethernet Encapsulation LABEL Set WAN MAC Address Apply Reset Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG318S. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. DESCRIPTION Select this option and enter the MAC address you want to use. 6.4.2 PPPoE Encapsulation The NBG318S supports PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet). PPPoE is an IETF standard (RFC 2516) specifying how a personal computer (PC) interacts with a broadband modem (DSL, cable, wireless, etc.) connection. The PPP over Ethernet option is for a dial-

up connection using PPPoE. For the service provider, PPPoE offers an access and authentication method that works with existing access control systems (for example Radius). One of the benefits of PPPoE is the ability to let you access one of multiple network services, a function known as dynamic service selection. This enables the service provider to easily create and offer new IP services for individuals. Operationally, PPPoE saves significant effort for both you and the ISP or carrier, as it requires no specific configuration of the broadband modem at the customer site. By implementing PPPoE directly on the NBG318S (rather than individual computers), the computers on the LAN do not need PPPoE software installed, since the NBG318S does that part of the task. Furthermore, with NAT, all of the LANs computers will have access. This screen displays when you select PPPoE encapsulation. 96 NBG318S Users Guide Figure 55 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPPoE Encapsulation Chapter 6 WAN The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 34 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPPoE Encapsulation LABEL DESCRIPTION ISP Parameters for Internet Access Encapsulation The PPP over Ethernet choice is for a dial-up connection using PPPoE. The NBG318S supports PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet). PPPoE is an IETF Draft standard (RFC 2516) specifying how a personal computer (PC) interacts with a broadband modem (i.e. xDSL, cable, wireless, etc.) connection. Operationally, PPPoE saves significant effort for both the end user and ISP/carrier, as it requires no specific configuration of the broadband modem at the customer site. By implementing PPPoE directly on the router rather than individual computers, the computers on the LAN do not need PPPoE software installed, since the router does that part of the task. Further, with NAT, all of the LAN's computers will have access. Type the PPPoE service name provided to you. PPPoE uses a service name to identify and reach the PPPoE server. Type the user name given to you by your ISP. Type the password associated with the user name above. Service Name User Name Password NBG318S Users Guide 97 Chapter 6 WAN DESCRIPTION Type your password again to make sure that you have entered is correctly. Table 34 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPPoE Encapsulation LABEL Retype to Confirm Nailed-Up Connection Idle Timeout Select Nailed-Up Connection if you do not want the connection to time out. This value specifies the time in seconds that elapses before the router automatically disconnects from the PPPoE server. WAN IP Address Assignment Get automatically from ISP Use Fixed IP Address Select this option If your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address. This is the default selection. Select this option If the ISP assigned a fixed IP address. My WAN IP Address Remote IP Address Remote IP Subnet Mask DNS Servers First DNS Server Second DNS Server Third DNS Server WAN MAC Address Factory default Clone the computers MAC address Set WAN MAC Address Apply Reset Enter your WAN IP address in this field if you selected Use Fixed IP Address. Enter the remote IP address (if your ISP gave you one) in this field. Enter the remote IP subnet mask in this field. Select From ISP if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server information (and the NBG318S's WAN IP address). The field to the right displays the (read-only) DNS server IP address that the ISP assigns. Select User-Defined if you have the IP address of a DNS server. Enter the DNS server's IP address in the field to the right. If you chose User-Defined, but leave the IP address set to 0.0.0.0, User-Defined changes to None after you click Apply. If you set a second choice to User-Defined, and enter the same IP address, the second User-Defined changes to None after you click Apply. Select None if you do not want to configure DNS servers. If you do not configure a DNS server, you must know the IP address of a computer in order to access it. The MAC address section allows users to configure the WAN port's MAC address by using the NBG318Ss MAC address, copying the MAC address from a computer on your LAN or manually entering a MAC address. Select Factory default to use the factory assigned default MAC Address. Select Clone the computer's MAC address - IP Address and enter the IP address of the computer on the LAN whose MAC you are cloning. Once it is successfully configured, the address will be copied to the rom file (ZyNOS configuration file). It will not change unless you change the setting or upload a different ROM file. Select this option and enter the MAC address you want to use. Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG318S. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. 6.4.3 PPTP Encapsulation Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) is a network protocol that enables secure transfer of data from a remote client to a private server, creating a Virtual Private Network (VPN) using TCP/IP-based networks. 98 NBG318S Users Guide Chapter 6 WAN PPTP supports on-demand, multi-protocol and virtual private networking over public networks, such as the Internet. This screen displays when you select PPTP encapsulation. Figure 56 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPTP Encapsulation NBG318S Users Guide 99 Chapter 6 WAN The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 35 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPTP Encapsulation LABEL ISP Parameters for Internet Access Encapsulation DESCRIPTION Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) is a network protocol that enables secure transfer of data from a remote client to a private server, creating a Virtual Private Network (VPN) using TCP/IP-based networks. PPTP supports on-demand, multi-protocol, and virtual private networking over public networks, such as the Internet. The NBG318S supports only one PPTP server connection at any given time. To configure a PPTP client, you must configure the User Name and Password fields for a PPP connection and the PPTP parameters for a PPTP connection. Type the user name given to you by your ISP. User Name Type the password associated with the User Name above. Password Retype to Confirm Type your password again to make sure that you have entered is correctly. Nailed-up Connection Select Nailed-Up Connection if you do not want the connection to time out. This value specifies the time in seconds that elapses before the NBG318S Idle Timeout automatically disconnects from the PPTP server. Select this option If your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address. This is the default selection. PPTP Configuration Get automatically from ISP Use Fixed IP Address Select this option If the ISP assigned a fixed IP address. Type the (static) IP address assigned to you by your ISP. Your NBG318S will automatically calculate the subnet mask based on the IP address that you assign. Unless you are implementing subnetting, use the subnet mask computed by the NBG318S. Server IP Address Type the IP address of the PPTP server. Connection ID/

Name Type your identification name for the PPTP server. My IP Address My IP Subnet Mask WAN IP Address Assignment Get automatically from ISP Use Fixed IP Address Select this option If the ISP assigned a fixed IP address. Select this option If your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address. This is the default selection. My WAN IP Address Remote IP Address Remote IP Subnet Mask DNS Servers Enter your WAN IP address in this field if you selected Use Fixed IP Address. Enter the remote IP address (if your ISP gave you one) in this field. Enter the remote IP subnet mask in this field. 100 NBG318S Users Guide Chapter 6 WAN Table 35 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPTP Encapsulation LABEL First DNS Server Second DNS Server Third DNS Server DESCRIPTION Select From ISP if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server information (and the NBG318S's WAN IP address). The field to the right displays the (read-

only) DNS server IP address that the ISP assigns. Select User-Defined if you have the IP address of a DNS server. Enter the DNS server's IP address in the field to the right. If you chose User-Defined, but leave the IP address set to 0.0.0.0, User-Defined changes to None after you click Apply. If you set a second choice to User-Defined, and enter the same IP address, the second User-Defined changes to None after you click Apply. Select None if you do not want to configure DNS servers. If you do not configure a DNS server, you must know the IP address of a computer in order to access it. The MAC address section allows users to configure the WAN port's MAC address by either using the NBG318Ss MAC address, copying the MAC address from a computer on your LAN or manually entering a MAC address. Select Factory default to use the factory assigned default MAC Address. Select Clone the computer's MAC address - IP Address and enter the IP address of the computer on the LAN whose MAC you are cloning. Once it is successfully configured, the address will be copied to the rom file (ZyNOS configuration file). It will not change unless you change the setting or upload a different ROM file. Select this option and enter the MAC address you want to use. Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG318S. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. WAN MAC Address Factory default Clone the computers MAC address Set WAN MAC Address Apply Reset 6.5 Advanced WAN Screen To change your NBG318Ss advanced WAN settings, click Network > WAN > Advanced. The screen appears as shown. Figure 57 Network > WAN > Advanced NBG318S Users Guide 101 Chapter 6 WAN The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 36 WAN > Advanced LABEL Multicast Setup Multicast DESCRIPTION Select IGMP V-1, IGMP V-2 or None. IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership in a Multicast group - it is not used to carry user data. IGMP version 2 (RFC 2236) is an improvement over version 1 (RFC 1112) but IGMP version 1 is still in wide use. If you would like to read more detailed information about interoperability between IGMP version 2 and version 1, please see sections 4 and 5 of RFC 2236. Windows Networking (NetBIOS over TCP/IP): NetBIOS (Network Basic Input/Output System) are TCP or UDP broadcast packets that enable a computer to connect to and communicate with a LAN. For some dial-up services such as PPPoE or PPTP, NetBIOS packets cause unwanted calls. However it may sometimes be necessary to allow NetBIOS packets to pass through to the WAN in order to find a computer on the WAN. Allow between LAN and WAN Select this check box to forward NetBIOS packets from the LAN to the WAN and from the WAN to the LAN. If your firewall is enabled with the default policy set to block WAN to LAN traffic, you also need to enable the default WAN to LAN firewall rule that forwards NetBIOS traffic. Clear this check box to block all NetBIOS packets going from the LAN to the WAN and from the WAN to the LAN. Select this option to allow NetBIOS packets to initiate calls. Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG318S. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. Allow Trigger Dial Apply Reset 102 NBG318S Users Guide CHAPTER 7 LAN This chapter describes how to configure LAN settings. 7.1 LAN Overview A Local Area Network (LAN) is a shared communication system to which many computers are attached. A LAN is a computer network limited to the immediate area, usually the same building or floor of a building. The LAN screens can help you configure a LAN DHCP server, manage IP addresses, and partition your physical network into logical networks. 7.1.1 IP Pool Setup The NBG318S is pre-configured with a pool of 32 IP addresses starting from 192.168.1.33 to 192.168.1.64. This configuration leaves 31 IP addresses (excluding the NBG318S itself) in the lower range (192.168.1.2 to 192.168.1.32) for other server computers, for instance, servers for mail, FTP, TFTP, web, etc., that you may have. 7.1.2 System DNS Servers Refer to the IP address and subnet mask section in the Connection Wizard chapter. 7.2 LAN TCP/IP The NBG318S has built-in DHCP server capability that assigns IP addresses and DNS servers to systems that support DHCP client capability. 7.2.1 Factory LAN Defaults The LAN parameters of the NBG318S are preset in the factory with the following values:

IP address of 192.168.1.1 with subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 (24 bits) DHCP server enabled with 32 client IP addresses starting from 192.168.1.33. These parameters should work for the majority of installations. If your ISP gives you explicit DNS server address(es), read the embedded web configurator help regarding what fields need to be configured. NBG318S Users Guide 103 Chapter 7 LAN 7.2.2 IP Address and Subnet Mask Refer to the IP address and subnet mask section in the Connection Wizard chapter for this information. 7.2.3 Multicast Traditionally, IP packets are transmitted in one of either two ways - Unicast (1 sender - 1 recipient) or Broadcast (1 sender - everybody on the network). Multicast delivers IP packets to a group of hosts on the network - not everybody and not just 1. IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership in a Multicast group - it is not used to carry user data. IGMP version 2 (RFC 2236) is an improvement over version 1 (RFC 1112) but IGMP version 1 is still in wide use. If you would like to read more detailed information about interoperability between IGMP version 2 and version 1, please see sections 4 and 5 of RFC 2236. The class D IP address is used to identify host groups and can be in the range 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. The address 224.0.0.0 is not assigned to any group and is used by IP multicast computers. The address 224.0.0.1 is used for query messages and is assigned to the permanent group of all IP hosts

(including gateways). All hosts must join the 224.0.0.1 group in order to participate in IGMP. The address 224.0.0.2 is assigned to the multicast routers group. The NBG318S supports both IGMP version 1 (IGMP-v1) and IGMP version 2 (IGMP-v2). At start up, the NBG318S queries all directly connected networks to gather group membership. After that, the NBG318S periodically updates this information. IP multicasting can be enabled/disabled on the NBG318S LAN and/or WAN interfaces in the web configurator (LAN; WAN). Select None to disable IP multicasting on these interfaces. 7.2.4 Any IP Traditionally, you must set the IP addresses and the subnet masks of a computer and the NBG318S to be in the same subnet to allow the computer to access the Internet (through the NBG318S). In cases where your computer is required to use a static IP address in another network, you may need to manually configure the network settings of the computer every time you want to access the Internet via the NBG318S. With the Any IP feature and NAT enabled, the NBG318S allows a computer to access the Internet without changing the network settings (such as IP address and subnet mask) of the computer, when the IP addresses of the computer and the NBG318S are not in the same subnet. Whether a computer is set to use a dynamic or static (fixed) IP address, you can simply connect the computer to the NBG318S and access the Internet. The following figure depicts a scenario where a computer is set to use a static private IP address in the corporate environment. In a residential house where a NBG318S is installed, you can still use the computer to access the Internet without changing the network settings, even when the IP addresses of the computer and the NBG318S are not in the same subnet. 104 NBG318S Users Guide Figure 58 Any IP Example Chapter 7 LAN The Any IP feature does not apply to a computer using either a dynamic IP address or a static IP address that is in the same subnet as the NBG318Ss IP address.

You must enable NAT to use the Any IP feature on the NBG318S. Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a protocol for mapping an Internet Protocol address (IP address) to a physical machine address, also known as a Media Access Control or MAC address, on the local area network. IP routing table is defined on IP Ethernet devices (the NBG318S) to decide which hop to use, to help forward data along to its specified destination. The following lists out the steps taken, when a computer tries to access the Internet for the first time through the NBG318S. 1 When a computer (which is in a different subnet) first attempts to access the Internet, it sends packets to its default gateway (which is not the NBG318S) by looking at the MAC address in its ARP table. 2 When the computer cannot locate the default gateway, an ARP request is broadcast on the LAN. address. 3 The NBG318S receives the ARP request and replies to the computer with its own MAC 4 The computer updates the MAC address for the default gateway to the ARP table. Once the ARP table is updated, the computer is able to access the Internet through the NBG318S. 5 When the NBG318S receives packets from the computer, it creates an entry in the IP routing table so it can properly forward packets intended for the computer. After all the routing information is updated, the computer can access the NBG318S and the Internet as if it is in the same subnet as the NBG318S. NBG318S Users Guide 105 Chapter 7 LAN 7.3 LAN IP Screen Use this screen to change your basic LAN settings. Click Network > LAN. Figure 59 Network > LAN > IP The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 37 Network > LAN > IP LABEL DESCRIPTION LAN TCP/IP IP Address Type the IP address of your NBG318S in dotted decimal notation 192.168.1.1

(factory default). The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your NBG318S will automatically calculate the subnet mask based on the IP address that you assign. Unless you are implementing subnetting, use the subnet mask computed by the NBG318S. Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG318S. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. IP Subnet Mask Apply Reset 7.4 LAN IP Alias IP alias allows you to partition a physical network into different logical networks over the same Ethernet interface. The NBG318S supports three logical LAN interfaces via its single physical Ethernet interface with the NBG318S itself as the gateway for each LAN network. To change your NBG318Ss IP alias settings, click Network > LAN > IP Alias. The screen appears as shown. 106 NBG318S Users Guide Figure 60 Network > LAN > IP Alias Chapter 7 LAN The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 38 Network > LAN > IP Alias LABEL IP Alias 1,2 IP Address IP Subnet Mask DESCRIPTION Select the check box to configure another LAN network for the NBG318S. Enter the IP address of your NBG318S in dotted decimal notation. Your NBG318S will automatically calculate the subnet mask based on the IP address that you assign. Unless you are implementing subnetting, use the subnet mask computed by the NBG318S. Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG318S. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. Apply Reset 7.5 Advanced LAN Screen To change your NBG318Ss advanced IP settings, click Network > LAN > Advanced. The screen appears as shown. Figure 61 Network > LAN > Advanced NBG318S Users Guide 107 Chapter 7 LAN The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 39 Network > LAN > Advanced LABEL Multicast DESCRIPTION Select IGMP V-1 or IGMP V-2 or None. IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership in a Multicast group - it is not used to carry user data. IGMP version 2 (RFC 2236) is an improvement over version 1 (RFC 1112) but IGMP version 1 is still in wide use. If you would like to read more detailed information about interoperability between IGMP version 2 and version 1, please see sections 4 and 5 of RFC 2236. Any IP Setup Active Select this if you want to let computers on different subnets use the NBG318S. Windows Networking (NetBIOS over TCP/IP): NetBIOS (Network Basic Input/Output System) are TCP or UDP broadcast packets that enable a computer to connect to and communicate with a LAN. For some dial-up services such as PPPoE or PPTP, NetBIOS packets cause unwanted calls. However it may sometimes be necessary to allow NetBIOS packets to pass through to the WAN in order to find a computer on the WAN. Allow between LAN and WAN Select this check box to forward NetBIOS packets from the LAN to the WAN and from the WAN to the LAN. If your firewall is enabled with the default policy set to block WAN to LAN traffic, you also need to enable the default WAN to LAN firewall rule that forwards NetBIOS traffic. Clear this check box to block all NetBIOS packets going from the LAN to the WAN and from the WAN to the LAN. Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG318S. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. Apply Reset 108 NBG318S Users Guide CHAPTER 8 HomePlug AV This chapter introduces the main applications and management of the powerline feature. 8.1 Overview The NBG318S is a HomePlug AV compliant powerline Ethernet adapter. The NBG318S and other HomePlug AV powerline adapters in your network communicate with each other by sending and receiving information over your homes electrical wiring. The NBG318S plugs into an ordinary outlet to create a new network which can extend to any other electrical outlet in any room of a house. The following section shows you a typical application. Figure 62 Expand Your Network To set up your powerline network do the following. 1 Connect your NBG318S to the Internet. 2 Then plug your NBG318S into a power outlet. The NBG318S is ready for connection on a powerline network. 3 Connect another HomePlug AV compatible adapter to a computer and then plug it in on the same home or office wiring. NBG318S Users Guide 109 Chapter 8 HomePlug AV After configuring the settings on all adapters (see Section 8.3 on page 112) your computer can now connect to the powerline network and to the Internet. Your powerline network can be further expanded by plugging additional powerline adapters into other outlets in your home and connecting other computers or network devices (for example, a printer) to them. In this Users Guide the electrical wiring network may be referred to as the powerline network. 8.2 Privacy and Powerline Adapters When the NBG318S communicates with each other HomePlug AV compliant powerline adapters, they use encryption to scramble the information that is sent in the powerline network. Encryption is like a secret code. If you do not know the secret code, you cannot understand the message. The HomePlug AV standard uses 128-bit AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) to safely transmit data between powerline adapters. For the NBG318S and powerline adapters to communicate with each other they all need to use the same Network Membership Key (NMK). Otherwise, they cannot unscramble the encrypted data sent in the powerline network. The NMK is derived from the network password you assign to the NBG318S and powerline adapters. By default all HomePlug powerline adapters are configured with the network password HomePlugAV. This allows all HomePlug powerline adapters and the NBG318S to communicate with each other without any software configuration. This also means that if you dont change the network password, any HomePlug AV powerline adapter connected to your powerline circuit can see your network data.

Change the network password on your powerline adapters to ensure secure data transmission on your powerline network. 8.2.1 Setting Up a Private Powerline Network To prevent others compromising your network security, you can create a private network. Create a private network by changing the network password only on the powerline adapters you want to communicate in your network. The NBG318S and powerline adapters convert the network password to a Network Membership Key (NMK). Only the powerline adapters with the same NMK can communicate in your network. The following figure shows a scenario A - where all the powerline adapters have the same NMK (NMK1) and scenario B - where some adapters use NMK1 and some use NMK2. 110 NBG318S Users Guide Figure 63 Powerline Network Scenario A NMK1 NMK1 NMK1 Chapter 8 HomePlug AV B NMK2 NMK1 NMK1 NMK1 NMK2 NMK1 NMK1 NMK1 NMK2 In both cases the powerline adapters reside on the same electrical circuit. In scenario A all the powerline adapters can communicate with each other. In scenario B only the adapters with the same NMK can receive and unscramble communication between each other. 8.2.2 Setting Up Multiple Powerline Networks. Multiple powerline networks can coexist on a single powerline circuit. You might want to implement multiple powerline networks in a small office environment where you have two separate Ethernet networks. Connect one powerline adapter to a router or switch on the first Ethernet network and assign a network password (for example, Password1) to this powerline adapter. Add additional powerline adapters to your network by plugging them into your powerline outlets and assigning them the same network password, Password1. This completes the configuration of your first powerline network. Connect another powerline adapter to a router or switch on the second Ethernet network and assign a different network password (for example Password2) to this powerline adapter. Again, add additional powerline adapters and assign them the same second network password, Password2. You now have two private networks on your powerline circuit. Information is not shared between the two networks as only powerline adapters with the same password can communicate with each other. The following figure shows two private powerline networks on the same electrical circuit. NBG318S Users Guide 111 Chapter 8 HomePlug AV Figure 64 Two Private Powerline Networks on One Circuit Password 1 Password 2 Password 1 Password 2 8.3 Configuring Your HomePlug AV Devices Click on Network > HomePlug to see the screen below. Use this screen to set up a HomePlug AV network and to check the status of HomePlug AV devices on your electrical circuit. Figure 65 Network > HomePlug > Network Settings The following table describes the labels in the screen. 112 NBG318S Users Guide Chapter 8 HomePlug AV Table 40 Network > HomePlug > Network Settings LABEL Network Name Network Type Public, Network Name (NMK) is HomePlug AV Private, Network Name (NMK) is Set Add New Member Device Information Nickname MAC Address Password (DAK) My Homeplug Network Nickname MAC Address Status DESCRIPTION This section lets you set the name of your network and to make it either public or private. The Network Name performs the same function as a network password. All devices on your HomePlug network have the same Network Name. A device with a different Network Name cannot be on your network. You can add other HomePlugAV devices to your network by giving them the same Network Name. The network may be either public or private. Select this option if you want to make your powerline network public with the default Network Name of HomePlug AV. Since this is a well known NMK it is less secure than a private NMK. Select this option if you wish to make your powerline network more secure with a private Network Name. Type the name of your private powerline network in the field. You may enter up to 64 alphanumeric characters for the Network Name. Click Set to change the Network Name of all the devices currently in your network. This section lets you add new Home Plug AV enabled devices to your powerline network. When you add the device it is given the current Network Name. In this section type information to identify the new powerline device you are adding on your network. Type a name you wish to use to identify a specific powerline adapter, for example, Marys room. Type the MAC address of the adapter you wish to add. The MAC address of your powerline adapter can be found by looking at the label on your device. It consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters (hexadecimal characters are 0-9 and a-f). In the case of the NBG318S, this label is on the bottom of the device. The Password (DAK) (DAK stands for Device Access Key), is used to verify that you are authorized to perform changes on a device. You can find the DAK printed on a sticker on the bottom of a HomePlug enabled device. This section provides information on the HomePlug AV devices in your network (or that were previously connected on it but are currently disconnected). This is the nickname you gave to the HomePlug AV device. This is the MAC address of the HomePlug AV device. This field shows the status of the device. If the field shows Active, then the device is connected to your network. If the field shows Out of Network, the device has been added to the network but it is not ready. Check whether it is turned on and connected. If the field shows Not Member, it is not on the network. The NBG318S is aware of it, but cannot manage the device. If you click Set, the devices Network Name will not change. You can add it to the network by clicking on Edit or entering its details in the Add New member section. NBG318S Users Guide 113 Chapter 8 HomePlug AV LABEL Member Action Scan DESCRIPTION This field shows the Edit icon and the Delete icon. Click on Edit to add a device to the network or to edit details such as the devices Nickname. Click on Delete to remove the device from the network. If you want to set up a second network, remove the devices from My HomePlug Network that you want to keep in your first network before you set the new Network Name for the second network. Click Scan to detect devices on the same electrical circuit as the NBG318S. Click on Network > HomePlug > Edit to see the screen below. Use this screen to add a new HomePlug AV device to the network. You can also edit a devices details. Figure 66 Network > HomePlug > Edit The following table describes the labels in the screen. Table 41 Network > HomePlug > Edit LABEL Device Information Nickname MAC Address Password (DAK) Apply Cancel DESCRIPTION Type a name you wish to use to identify a specific powerline adapter, for example, Bobs room. This is the MAC address of the HomePlug AV device. The MAC Address will appear in this field if the devices status is either Active or Not Member. If the devices status is Out of Network or your NBG318S can not detect it, type the MAC Address here. The Password (DAK) (DAK stands for Device Access Key), is used to verify that you are authorized to perform changes on a device. You can find the DAK printed on a sticker on the bottom of a HomePlug enabled device. Click this button to apply add the device to the network or to apply your changes. Click this button to return to the previous screen. 114 NBG318S Users Guide CHAPTER 9 DHCP 9.1 DHCP DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual clients to obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can configure the NBG318S as a DHCP server or disable it. When configured as a server, the NBG318S provides the TCP/IP configuration for the clients. If DHCP service is disabled, you must have another DHCP server on your LAN, or else the computer must be manually configured. 9.2 DHCP Server General Screen Click Network > DHCP Server. The following screen displays. Figure 67 Network > DHCP Server > General The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 42 Network > DHCP Server > General LABEL Enable DHCP Server DESCRIPTION DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual clients (computers) to obtain TCP/IP configuration at startup from a server. Leave the Enable DHCP Server check box selected unless your ISP instructs you to do otherwise. Clear it to disable the NBG318S acting as a DHCP server. When configured as a server, the NBG318S provides TCP/IP configuration for the clients. If not, DHCP service is disabled and you must have another DHCP server on your LAN, or else the computers must be manually configured. When set as a server, fill in the following four fields. This field specifies the first of the contiguous addresses in the IP address pool. This field specifies the size, or count of the IP address pool. Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG318S. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. IP Pool Starting Address Pool Size Apply Reset NBG318S Users Guide 115 Chapter 9 DHCP 9.3 DHCP Server Advanced Screen This screen allows you to assign IP addresses on the LAN to specific individual computers based on their MAC addresses. You can also use this screen to configure the DNS server information that the NBG318S sends to the DHCP clients. Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. To change your NBG318Ss static DHCP settings, click Network > DHCP Server >

Advanced. The following screen displays. Figure 68 Network > DHCP Server > Advanced DESCRIPTION This is the index number of the static IP table entry (row). Type the MAC address (with colons) of a computer on your LAN. Type the LAN IP address of a computer on your LAN. The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 43 Network > DHCP Server > Advanced LABEL

MAC Address IP Address DNS Servers Assigned by DHCP Server The NBG318S passes a DNS (Domain Name System) server IP address (in the order you specify here) to the DHCP clients. The NBG318S only passes this information to the LAN DHCP clients when you select the Enable DHCP Server check box. When you clear the Enable DHCP Server check box, DHCP service is disabled and you must have another DHCP sever on your LAN, or else the computers must have their DNS server addresses manually configured. 116 NBG318S Users Guide Chapter 9 DHCP Table 43 Network > DHCP Server > Advanced LABEL First DNS Server Second DNS Server Third DNS Server DESCRIPTION Select From ISP if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server information (and the NBG318S's WAN IP address). The field to the right displays the (read-only) DNS server IP address that the ISP assigns. Select User-Defined if you have the IP address of a DNS server. Enter the DNS server's IP address in the field to the right. If you chose User-Defined, but leave the IP address set to 0.0.0.0, User-Defined changes to None after you click Apply. If you set a second choice to User-Defined, and enter the same IP address, the second User-Defined changes to None after you click Apply. Select DNS Relay to have the NBG318S act as a DNS proxy. The NBG318S's LAN IP address displays in the field to the right (read-only). The NBG318S tells the DHCP clients on the LAN that the NBG318S itself is the DNS server. When a computer on the LAN sends a DNS query to the NBG318S, the NBG318S forwards the query to the NBG318S's system DNS server (configured in the WAN > Internet Connection screen) and relays the response back to the computer. You can only select DNS Relay for one of the three servers; if you select DNS Relay for a second or third DNS server, that choice changes to None after you click Apply. Select None if you do not want to configure DNS servers. If you do not configure a DNS server, you must know the IP address of a computer in order to access it. Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG318S. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. Apply Reset 9.4 Client List Screen The DHCP table shows current DHCP client information (including IP Address, Host Name and MAC Address) of all network clients using the NBG318Ss DHCP server. Configure this screen to always assign an IP address to a MAC address (and host name). Click Network > DHCP Server > Client List.

You can also view a read-only client list by clicking the DHCP Table

(Details...) hyperlink in the Status screen. The following screen displays. Figure 69 Network > DHCP Server > Client List NBG318S Users Guide 117 Chapter 9 DHCP The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 44 Network > DHCP Server > Client List LABEL

IP Address Host Name MAC Address DESCRIPTION This is the index number of the host computer. This field displays the IP address relative to the # field listed above. This field displays the computer host name. The MAC (Media Access Control) or Ethernet address on a LAN (Local Area Network) is unique to your computer (six pairs of hexadecimal notation). A network interface card such as an Ethernet adapter has a hardwired address that is assigned at the factory. This address follows an industry standard that ensures no other adapter has a similar address. Select this check box to have the NBG318S always assign this IP address to this MAC address (and host name). After you click Apply, the MAC address and IP address also display in the Advanced screen (where you can edit them). Click Refresh to reload the DHCP table. Reserve Refresh 118 NBG318S Users Guide CHAPTER 10 Network Address Translation

(NAT) This chapter discusses how to configure NAT on the NBG318S. 10.1 NAT Overview NAT (Network Address Translation - NAT, RFC 1631) is the translation of the IP address of a host in a packet. For example, the source address of an outgoing packet, used within one network is changed to a different IP address known within another network. 10.2 Using NAT

You must create a firewall rule in addition to setting up NAT, to allow traffic from the WAN to be forwarded through the NBG318S. 10.2.1 Port Forwarding: Services and Port Numbers A port forwarding set is a list of inside (behind NAT on the LAN) servers, for example, web or FTP, that you can make accessible to the outside world even though NAT makes your whole inside network appear as a single machine to the outside world. Use the Application screen to forward incoming service requests to the server(s) on your local network. You may enter a single port number or a range of port numbers to be forwarded, and the local IP address of the desired server. The port number identifies a service; for example, web service is on port 80 and FTP on port 21. In some cases, such as for unknown services or where one server can support more than one service (for example both FTP and web service), it might be better to specify a range of port numbers. In addition to the servers for specified services, NAT supports a default server. A service request that does not have a server explicitly designated for it is forwarded to the default server. If the default is not defined, the service request is simply discarded. NBG318S Users Guide 119 Chapter 10 Network Address Translation (NAT)

Many residential broadband ISP accounts do not allow you to run any server processes (such as a Web or FTP server) from your location. Your ISP may periodically check for servers and may suspend your account if it discovers any active services at your location. If you are unsure, refer to your ISP. 10.2.2 Configuring Servers Behind Port Forwarding Example Let's say you want to assign ports 21-25 to one FTP, Telnet and SMTP server (A in the example), port 80 to another (B in the example) and assign a default server IP address of 192.168.1.35 to a third (C in the example). You assign the LAN IP addresses and the ISP assigns the WAN IP address. The NAT network appears as a single host on the Internet Figure 70 Multiple Servers Behind NAT Example 10.3 General NAT Screen Click Network > NAT to open the General screen. Figure 71 Network > NAT > General 120 NBG318S Users Guide Chapter 10 Network Address Translation (NAT) The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 45 Network > NAT > General LABEL Enable Network Address Translation DESCRIPTION Network Address Translation (NAT) allows the translation of an Internet protocol address used within one network (for example a private IP address used in a local network) to a different IP address known within another network (for example a public IP address used on the Internet). Select the check box to enable NAT. Default Server Setup Default Server Apply Reset In addition to the servers for specified services, NAT supports a default server. A default server receives packets from ports that are not specified in the Application screen. If you do not assign a Default Server IP address, the NBG318S discards all packets received for ports that are not specified in the Application screen or remote management. Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG318S. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. 10.4 NAT Application Screen Port forwarding allows you to define the local servers to which the incoming services will be forwarded. To change your NBG318Ss port forwarding settings, click Network > NAT >

Application. The screen appears as shown.

If you do not assign a Default Server IP address in the NAT > General screen, the NBG318S discards all packets received for ports that are not specified in this screen or remote management. Refer to Appendix F on page 271 for port numbers commonly used for particular services. NBG318S Users Guide 121 Chapter 10 Network Address Translation (NAT) Figure 72 Network > NAT > Application The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 46 NAT Application LABEL Game List Update A game list includes the pre-defined service name(s) and port number(s). You can DESCRIPTION edit and upload it to the NBG318S to replace the existing entries in the second field next to Service Name. Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Browse... to find it. Click Browse... to find the.txt file you want to upload. Remember that you must decompress compressed (.zip) files before you can upload them. Click Update to begin the upload process. This process may take up to two minutes. Select the check box to enable this rule and the requested service can be forwarded to the host with a specified internal IP address. Clear the checkbox to disallow forwarding of these ports to an inside server without having to delete the entry. Type a name (of up to 31 printable characters) to identify this rule in the first field next to Service Name. Otherwise, select a predefined service in the second field next to Service Name. The predefined service name and port number(s) will display in the Service Name and Port fields. File Path Browse... Update Add Application Rule Active Service Name 122 NBG318S Users Guide Chapter 10 Network Address Translation (NAT) Table 46 NAT Application (continued) LABEL Port DESCRIPTION Type a port number(s) to be forwarded. To specify a range of ports, enter a hyphen (-) between the first port and the last port, such as 10-20. To specify two or more non-consecutive port numbers, separate them by a comma without spaces, such as 123,567. Server IP Address Type the inside IP address of the server that receives packets from the port(s) Apply Reset specified in the Port field. Click Apply to save your changes to the Application Rules Summary table. Click Reset to not save and return your new changes in the Service Name and Port fields to the previous one. Application Rules Summary

Active Name Port Server IP Address This field displays the inside IP address of the server. Modify This is the number of an individual port forwarding server entry. This icon is turned on when the rule is enabled. This field displays a name to identify this rule. This field displays the port number(s). Click the Edit icon to display and modify an existing rule setting in the fields under Add Application Rule. Click the Remove icon to delete a rule. 10.4.1 Game List Example Here is an example game list text file. The index number, service name and associated port(s) are specified by semi-colons (no spaces). Use the name=xxx (where xxx is the service name) to create a new service. Port range can be separated with a hyphen (-) (no spaces). Multiple

(non-consecutive) ports can be separated by commas. NBG318S Users Guide 123 Chapter 10 Network Address Translation (NAT) Figure 73 Game List Example version=1 1;name=Battlefield 1942;port=14567,22000,23000-23009,27900,28900 2;name=Call of Duty;port=28960 3;name=Civilization IV;port=2056 4;name=Diablo I and II;port=6112-6119,4000 5;name=Doom 3;port=27666 6;name=F.E.A.R;port=27888 7;name=Final Fantasy XI;port=25,80,110,443,50000-65535 8;name=Guild Wars;port=6112,80 9;name=Half Life;port=6003,7002,27005,27010,27011,27015 10;name=Jedi Knight III: Jedi Academy;port=28060-28062,28070-28081 11;name=Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit 2;port=1230,8511-

8512,27900,28900,61200-61230 12;name=Neverwinter Nights;port=5120-5300,6500,27900,28900 13;name=Quake 2;port=27910 14;name=Quake 3;port=27660,27960 15;name=Rainbow Six 3: Raven Shield;port=7777-7787,8777-8787 16;name=Serious Sam II;port=25600-25605 17;name=Silent Hunter III;port=17997-18003 18;name=Soldier of Fortune II;port=20100-20112 19;name=Starcraft;port=6112-6119,4000 20;name=Star Trek: Elite Force II;port=29250,29256 21;name=SWAT 4;port=10480-10483 22;name=Warcraft II and III;port=6112-6119,4000 23;name=World of Warcraft;port=3724 10.5 Trigger Port Forwarding Some services use a dedicated range of ports on the client side and a dedicated range of ports on the server side. With regular port forwarding you set a forwarding port in NAT to forward a service (coming in from the server on the WAN) to the IP address of a computer on the client side (LAN). The problem is that port forwarding only forwards a service to a single LAN IP address. In order to use the same service on a different LAN computer, you have to manually replace the LAN computer's IP address in the forwarding port with another LAN computer's IP address. Trigger port forwarding solves this problem by allowing computers on the LAN to dynamically take turns using the service. The NBG318S records the IP address of a LAN computer that sends traffic to the WAN to request a service with a specific port number and protocol (a "trigger" port). When the NBG318S's WAN port receives a response with a specific port number and protocol ("incoming" port), the NBG318S forwards the traffic to the LAN IP address of the computer that sent the request. After that computers connection for that service closes, another computer on the LAN can use the service in the same manner. This way you do not need to configure a new IP address each time you want a different LAN computer to use the application. 10.5.1 Trigger Port Forwarding Example The following is an example of trigger port forwarding. 124 NBG318S Users Guide Chapter 10 Network Address Translation (NAT) Figure 74 Trigger Port Forwarding Process: Example 1 Jane requests a file from the Real Audio server (port 7070). 2 Port 7070 is a trigger port and causes the NBG318S to record Janes computer IP address. The NBG318S associates Jane's computer IP address with the "incoming" port range of 6970-7170. 3 The Real Audio server responds using a port number ranging between 6970-7170. 4 The NBG318S forwards the traffic to Janes computer IP address. 5 Only Jane can connect to the Real Audio server until the connection is closed or times out. The NBG318S times out in three minutes with UDP (User Datagram Protocol), or two hours with TCP/IP (Transfer Control Protocol/Internet Protocol). 10.5.2 Two Points To Remember About Trigger Ports 1 Trigger events only happen on data that is going coming from inside the NBG318S and going to the outside. 2 If an application needs a continuous data stream, that port (range) will be tied up so that another computer on the LAN cant trigger it. 10.6 NAT Advanced Screen To change your NBG318Ss trigger port settings, click Network > NAT > Advanced. The screen appears as shown.

Only one LAN computer can use a trigger port (range) at a time. NBG318S Users Guide 125 Chapter 10 Network Address Translation (NAT) Figure 75 Network > NAT > Advanced The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 47 Network > NAT > Advanced LABEL Max NAT/Firewall Session Per User DESCRIPTION Type a number ranging from 1 to 2048 to limit the number of NAT/firewall sessions that a host can create. When computers use peer to peer applications, such as file sharing applications, they may use a large number of NAT sessions. If you do not limit the number of NAT sessions a single client can establish, this can result in all of the available NAT sessions being used. In this case, no additional NAT sessions can be established, and users may not be able to access the Internet. Each NAT session establishes a corresponding firewall session. Use this field to limit the number of NAT/firewall sessions each client computer can establish through the NBG318S. If your network has a small number of clients using peer to peer applications, you can raise this number to ensure that their performance is not degraded by the number of NAT sessions they can establish. If your network has a large number of users using peer to peer applications, you can lower this number to ensure no single client is using all of the available NAT sessions. Port Triggering Rules

Name This is the rule index number (read-only). Type a unique name (up to 15 characters) for identification purposes. All characters are permitted - including spaces. 126 NBG318S Users Guide Chapter 10 Network Address Translation (NAT) Table 47 Network > NAT > Advanced LABEL Incoming DESCRIPTION Incoming is a port (or a range of ports) that a server on the WAN uses when it sends out a particular service. The NBG318S forwards the traffic with this port (or range of ports) to the client computer on the LAN that requested the service. Type a port number or the starting port number in a range of port numbers. Type a port number or the ending port number in a range of port numbers. The trigger port is a port (or a range of ports) that causes (or triggers) the NBG318S to record the IP address of the LAN computer that sent the traffic to a server on the WAN. Type a port number or the starting port number in a range of port numbers. Type a port number or the ending port number in a range of port numbers. Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG318S. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. Start Port End Port Trigger Start Port End Port Apply Reset NBG318S Users Guide 127 Chapter 10 Network Address Translation (NAT) 128 NBG318S Users Guide CHAPTER 11 Dynamic DNS 11.1 Dynamic DNS Introduction Dynamic DNS allows you to update your current dynamic IP address with one or many dynamic DNS services so that anyone can contact you (in NetMeeting, CU-SeeMe, etc.). You can also access your FTP server or Web site on your own computer using a domain name (for instance myhost.dhs.org, where myhost is a name of your choice) that will never change instead of using an IP address that changes each time you reconnect. Your friends or relatives will always be able to call you even if they don't know your IP address. First of all, you need to have registered a dynamic DNS account with www.dyndns.org. This is for people with a dynamic IP from their ISP or DHCP server that would still like to have a domain name. The Dynamic DNS service provider will give you a password or key. 11.1.1 DynDNS Wildcard Enabling the wildcard feature for your host causes *.yourhost.dyndns.org to be aliased to the same IP address as yourhost.dyndns.org. This feature is useful if you want to be able to use, for example, www.yourhost.dyndns.org and still reach your hostname.

If you have a private WAN IP address, then you cannot use Dynamic DNS. 11.2 Dynamic DNS Screen To change your NBG318Ss DDNS, click Network > DDNS. The screen appears as shown. NBG318S Users Guide 129 Chapter 11 Dynamic DNS Figure 76 Dynamic DNS The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 48 Dynamic DNS LABEL Enable Dynamic DNS Service Provider Dynamic DNS Type DESCRIPTION Select this check box to use dynamic DNS. Select the name of your Dynamic DNS service provider. Select the type of service that you are registered for from your Dynamic DNS service provider. Enter a host names in the field provided. You can specify up to two host names in the field separated by a comma (","). Enter your user name. Enter the password assigned to you. Select the check box to enable DynDNS Wildcard. This option is available when CustomDNS is selected in the DDNS Type field. Check with your Dynamic DNS service provider to have traffic redirected to a URL (that you can specify) while you are off line. Host Name User Name Password Enable Wildcard Option Enable off line option IP Address Update Policy:

Use WAN IP Address Dynamic DNS server auto detect IP Address Use specified IP Address Apply Reset Select this option to update the IP address of the host name(s) to the WAN IP address. Select this option to update the IP address of the host name(s) automatically by the DDNS server. It is recommended that you select this option. Type the IP address of the host name(s). Use this if you have a static IP address. Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG318S. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. 130 NBG318S Users Guide Chapter 11 Dynamic DNS NBG318S Users Guide 131 Chapter 11 Dynamic DNS 132 NBG318S Users Guide PART III Security Firewall (135) Content Filtering (141) 133 134 CHAPTER 12 Firewall This chapter gives some background information on firewalls and explains how to get started with the NBG318Ss firewall. 12.1 Introduction to ZyXELs Firewall 12.1.1 What is a Firewall?

Originally, the term firewall referred to a construction technique designed to prevent the spread of fire from one room to another. The networking term "firewall" is a system or group of systems that enforces an access-control policy between two networks. It may also be defined as a mechanism used to protect a trusted network from a network that is not trusted. Of course, firewalls cannot solve every security problem. A firewall is one of the mechanisms used to establish a network security perimeter in support of a network security policy. It should never be the only mechanism or method employed. For a firewall to guard effectively, you must design and deploy it appropriately. This requires integrating the firewall into a broad information-security policy. In addition, specific policies must be implemented within the firewall itself. 12.1.2 Stateful Inspection Firewall Stateful inspection firewalls restrict access by screening data packets against defined access rules. They make access control decisions based on IP address and protocol. They also

"inspect" the session data to assure the integrity of the connection and to adapt to dynamic protocols. These firewalls generally provide the best speed and transparency; however, they may lack the granular application level access control or caching that some proxies support. Firewalls, of one type or another, have become an integral part of standard security solutions for enterprises. 12.1.3 About the NBG318S Firewall The NBG318S firewall is a stateful inspection firewall and is designed to protect against Denial of Service attacks when activated (click the General tab under Firewall and then click the Enable Firewall check box). The NBG318S's purpose is to allow a private Local Area Network (LAN) to be securely connected to the Internet. The NBG318S can be used to prevent theft, destruction and modification of data, as well as log events, which may be important to the security of your network. NBG318S Users Guide 135 Chapter 12 Firewall The NBG318S is installed between the LAN and a broadband modem connecting to the Internet. This allows it to act as a secure gateway for all data passing between the Internet and the LAN. The NBG318S has one Ethernet WAN port and four Ethernet LAN ports, which are used to physically separate the network into two areas.The WAN (Wide Area Network) port attaches to the broadband (cable or DSL) modem to the Internet. The LAN (Local Area Network) port attaches to a network of computers, which needs security from the outside world. These computers will have access to Internet services such as e-mail, FTP and the World Wide Web. However, "inbound access" is not allowed (by default) unless the remote host is authorized to use a specific service. 12.1.4 Guidelines For Enhancing Security With Your Firewall 1 Change the default password via web configurator. 2 Think about access control before you connect to the network in any way, including attaching a modem to the port. 3 Limit who can access your router. 4 Don't enable any local service (such as SNMP or NTP) that you don't use. Any enabled service could present a potential security risk. A determined hacker might be able to find creative ways to misuse the enabled services to access the firewall or the network. 5 For local services that are enabled, protect against misuse. Protect by configuring the services to communicate only with specific peers, and protect by configuring rules to block packets for the services at specific interfaces. 6 Protect against IP spoofing by making sure the firewall is active. 7 Keep the firewall in a secured (locked) room. 12.2 Triangle Routes If an alternate gateway on the LAN has an IP address in the same subnet as the NBG318Ss LAN IP address, return traffic may not go through the NBG318S. This is called an asymmetrical or triangle route. This causes the NBG318S to reset the connection, as the connection has not been acknowledged. You can have the NBG318S permit the use of asymmetrical route topology on the network

(not reset the connection). Allowing asymmetrical routes may let traffic from the WAN go directly to the LAN without passing through the NBG318S. A better solution is to use IP alias to put the NBG318S and the backup gateway on separate subnets. 12.2.1 Triangle Routes and IP Alias You can use IP alias instead of allowing triangle routes. IP Alias allow you to partition your network into logical sections over the same interface. By putting your LAN and Gateway A in different subnets, all returning network traffic must pass through the NBG318S to your LAN. The following steps describe such a scenario. 136 NBG318S Users Guide Chapter 12 Firewall 1 A computer on the LAN initiates a connection by sending a SYN packet to a receiving server on the WAN. 2 The NBG318S reroutes the packet to Gateway A, which is in Subnet 2. 3 The reply from the WAN goes to the NBG318S. 4 The NBG318S then sends it to the computer on the LAN in Subnet 1. Figure 77 Using IP Alias to Solve the Triangle Route Problem 12.3 General Firewall Screen Click Security > Firewall to open the General screen. Use this screen to enable or disable the NBG318Ss firewall, and set up firewall logs. Figure 78 Security > Firewall > General l The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 49 Security > Firewall > General LABEL Enable Firewall DESCRIPTION Select this check box to activate the firewall. The NBG318S performs access control and protects against Denial of Service (DoS) attacks when the firewall is activated. This is the direction of travel of packets. Firewall rules are grouped based on the direction of travel of packets to which they apply. Packet Direction NBG318S Users Guide 137 Chapter 12 Firewall Table 49 Security > Firewall > General LABEL Log DESCRIPTION Select whether to create a log for packets that are traveling in the selected direction when the packets are blocked or forwarded. To log packets related to firewall rules, make sure that Access Control under Log is selected in the Logs > Log Settings screen. Click Apply to save the settings. Click Reset to start configuring this screen again. Apply Reset 12.4 Services Screen Click Security > Firewall > Services. The screen appears as shown next. If an outside user attempts to probe an unsupported port on your NBG318S, an ICMP response packet is automatically returned. This allows the outside user to know the NBG318S exists. Use this screen to prevent the ICMP response packet from being sent. This keeps outsiders from discovering your NBG318S when unsupported ports are probed. You can also use this screen to enable service blocking, enter/delete/modify the services you want to block and the date/time you want to block them. 138 NBG318S Users Guide Figure 79 Security > Firewall > Services Chapter 12 Firewall The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 50 Security > Firewall > Services LABEL ICMP DESCRIPTION Internet Control Message Protocol is a message control and error-reporting protocol between a host server and a gateway to the Internet. ICMP uses Internet Protocol (IP) datagrams, but the messages are processed by the TCP/IP software and directly apparent to the application user. The NBG318S will not respond to any incoming Ping requests when Disable is selected. Select LAN to reply to incoming LAN Ping requests. Select WAN to reply to incoming WAN Ping requests. Otherwise select LAN & WAN to reply to both incoming LAN and WAN Ping requests. Respond to Ping on NBG318S Users Guide 139 Chapter 12 Firewall Table 50 Security > Firewall > Services LABEL Do not respond to requests for unauthorized services DESCRIPTION Select this option to prevent hackers from finding the NBG318S by probing for unused ports. If you select this option, the NBG318S will not respond to port request(s) for unused ports, thus leaving the unused ports and the NBG318S unseen. By default this option is not selected and the NBG318S will reply with an ICMP Port Unreachable packet for a port probe on its unused UDP ports, and a TCP Reset packet for a port probe on its unused TCP ports. Note that the probing packets must first traverse the NBG318S's firewall mechanism before reaching this anti-probing mechanism. Therefore if the firewall mechanism blocks a probing packet, the NBG318S reacts based on the firewall policy, which by default, is to send a TCP reset packet for a blocked TCP packet. You can use the command "sys firewall tcprst rst [on|off]" to change this policy. When the firewall mechanism blocks a UDP packet, it drops the packet without sending a response packet. Service Setup Enable Services Blocking Available Services Blocked Services Custom Port Type Port Number Add Delete Clear All Schedule to Block Day to Block:

Time of Day to Block (24-Hour Format) Misc setting Bypass Triangle Route Max NAT/Firewall Session Per User Apply Reset Select this check box to enable this feature. This is a list of pre-defined services (ports) you may prohibit your LAN computers from using. Select the port you want to block using the drop-down list and click Add to add the port to the Blocked Services field. This is a list of services (ports) that will be inaccessible to computers on your LAN once you enable service blocking. A custom port is a service that is not available in the pre-defined Available Services list and you must define using the next two fields. Choose the IP port (TCP or UDP) that defines your customized port from the drop down list box. Enter the port number range that defines the service. For example, if you want to define the Gnutella service, then select TCP type and enter a port range from 6345 to 6349. Select a service from the Available Services drop-down list and then click Add to add a service to the Blocked Services Select a service from the Blocked Services list and then click Delete to remove this service from the list. Click Clear All to empty the Blocked Services. Select a check box to configure which days of the week (or everyday) you want service blocking to be active. Select the time of day you want service blocking to take effect. Configure blocking to take effect all day by selecting All Day. You can also configure specific times by selecting From and entering the start time in the Start (hour) and Start (min) fields and the end time in the End (hour) and End (min) fields. Enter times in 24-

hour format, for example, "3:00pm" should be entered as "15:00". Select this check box to have the NBG318S firewall ignore the use of triangle route topology on the network. Type a number ranging from 1 to 2048 to limit the number of NAT/firewall sessions that a host can create. Click Apply to save the settings. Click Reset to start configuring this screen again. 140 NBG318S Users Guide CHAPTER 13 Content Filtering This chapter provides a brief overview of content filtering using the embedded web GUI. 13.1 Introduction to Content Filtering Internet content filtering allows you to create and enforce Internet access policies tailored to your needs. Content filtering is the ability to block certain web features or specific URL keywords. 13.2 Restrict Web Features The NBG318S can block web features such as ActiveX controls, Java applets, cookies and disable web proxies. 13.3 Days and Times The NBG318S also allows you to define time periods and days during which the NBG318S performs content filtering. 13.4 Filter Screen Click Security > Content Filter to open the Filter screen. NBG318S Users Guide 141 Chapter 13 Content Filtering Figure 80 Security > Content Filter > Filter The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 51 Security > Content Filter > Filter LABEL Trusted Computer IP Address DESCRIPTION To enable this feature, type an IP address of any one of the computers in your network that you want to have as a trusted computer. This allows the trusted computer to have full access to all features that are configured to be blocked by content filtering. Leave this field blank to have no trusted computers. Select the box(es) to restrict a feature. When you download a page containing a restricted feature, that part of the web page will appear blank or grayed out. A tool for building dynamic and active Web pages and distributed object applications. When you visit an ActiveX Web site, ActiveX controls are downloaded to your browser, where they remain in case you visit the site again. A programming language and development environment for building downloadable Web components or Internet and intranet business applications of all kinds. Used by Web servers to track usage and provide service based on ID. A server that acts as an intermediary between a user and the Internet to provide security, administrative control, and caching service. When a proxy server is located on the WAN it is possible for LAN users to circumvent content filtering by pointing to this proxy server. The NBG318S can block Web sites with URLs that contain certain keywords in the domain name or IP address. For example, if the keyword "bad" was enabled, all sites containing this keyword in the domain name or IP address will be blocked, e.g., URL http://www.website.com/bad.html would be blocked. Select this check box to enable this feature. Restrict Web Features ActiveX Java Cookies Web Proxy Keyword Blocking Enable URL Keyword Blocking 142 NBG318S Users Guide Table 51 Security > Content Filter > Filter LABEL Keyword Chapter 13 Content Filtering DESCRIPTION Type a keyword in this field. You may use any character (up to 64 characters). Wildcards are not allowed. You can also enter a numerical IP address. This list displays the keywords already added. Click Add after you have typed a keyword. Repeat this procedure to add other keywords. Up to 64 keywords are allowed. When you try to access a web page containing a keyword, you will get a message telling you that the content filter is blocking this request. Highlight a keyword in the lower box and click Delete to remove it. The keyword disappears from the text box after you click Apply. Click this button to remove all of the listed keywords. Enter a message to be displayed when a user tries to access a restricted web site. The default message is Please contact your network administrator!!

Click Apply to save your changes. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh Keyword List Add Delete Clear All Denied Access Message Apply Reset 13.5 Schedule Use this screen to set the day(s) and time you want the NBG318S to use content filtering. Click Security > Content Filter > Schedule. The following screen displays. Figure 81 Security > Content Filter > Schedule The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 52 Security > Content Filter > Schedule LABEL Day to Block Time of Day to Block

(24-Hour Format) DESCRIPTION Select check boxes for the days that you want the NBG318S to perform content filtering. Select the Everyday check box to have content filtering turned on all days of the week. Time of Day to Block allows the administrator to define during which time periods content filtering is enabled. Time of Day to Block restrictions only apply to the keywords (see above). Restrict web server data, such as ActiveX, Java, Cookies and Web Proxy are not affected. Select All Day to have content filtering always active on the days selected in Day to Block with time of day limitations not enforced. Select From and enter the time period, in 24-hour format, during which content filtering will be enforced. NBG318S Users Guide 143 Chapter 13 Content Filtering Table 52 Security > Content Filter > Schedule LABEL Apply Reset DESCRIPTION Click Apply to save your customized settings and exit this screen. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh 13.6 Customizing Keyword Blocking URL Checking You can use commands to set how much of a websites URL the content filter is to check for keyword blocking. See the appendices for information on how to access and use the command interpreter. 13.6.1 Domain Name or IP Address URL Checking By default, the NBG318S checks the URLs domain name or IP address when performing keyword blocking. This means that the NBG318S checks the characters that come before the first slash in the URL. For example, with the URL www.zyxel.com.tw/news/pressroom.php, content filtering only searches for keywords within www.zyxel.com.tw. 13.6.2 Full Path URL Checking Full path URL checking has the NBG318S check the characters that come before the last slash in the URL. For example, with the URL www.zyxel.com.tw/news/pressroom.php, full path URL checking searches for keywords within www.zyxel.com.tw/news/. Use the ip urlfilter customize actionFlags 6 [disable | enable]

command to extend (or not extend) the keyword blocking search to include the URL's full path. 13.6.3 File Name URL Checking Filename URL checking has the NBG318S check all of the characters in the URL. For example, filename URL checking searches for keywords within the URL www.zyxel.com.tw/news/pressroom.php. Use the ip urlfilter customize actionFlags 8 [disable | enable]

command to extend (or not extend) the keyword blocking search to include the URL's complete filename. 144 NBG318S Users Guide Chapter 13 Content Filtering NBG318S Users Guide 145 Chapter 13 Content Filtering 146 NBG318S Users Guide PART IV Management Static Route Screens (149) Bandwidth Management (153) Remote Management (165) Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) (171) 147 148 CHAPTER 14 Static Route Screens This chapter shows you how to configure static routes for your NBG318S. 14.1 Static Route Overview Each remote node specifies only the network to which the gateway is directly connected, and the NBG318S has no knowledge of the networks beyond. For instance, the NBG318S knows about network N2 in the following figure through remote node router R1. However, the NBG318S is unable to route a packet to network N3 because it doesn't know that there is a route through the same remote node router R1 (via gateway router R2). The static routes are for you to tell the NBG318S about the networks beyond the remote nodes. Figure 82 Example of Static Routing Topology 14.2 IP Static Route Screen Click Management > Static Route to open the IP Static Route screen. The following screen displays. NBG318S Users Guide 149 Chapter 14 Static Route Screens Figure 83 Management > Static Route > IP Static Route The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 53 Management > Static Route > IP Static Route LABEL

Name Active Destination Gateway Modify DESCRIPTION This is the index number of an individual static route. The first entry is for the default route and not editable. This is the name that describes or identifies this route. This icon is turned on when this static route is active. Click the Edit icon under Modify and select the Active checkbox in the Static Route Setup screen to enable the static route. Clear the checkbox to disable this static route without having to delete the entry. This parameter specifies the IP network address of the final destination. Routing is always based on network number. This is the IP address of the gateway. The gateway is an immediate neighbor of your NBG318S that will forward the packet to the destination. On the LAN, the gateway must be a router on the same segment as your NBG318S; over the WAN, the gateway must be the IP address of one of the remote nodes. Click the Edit icon to open the static route setup screen. Modify a static route or create a new static route in the Static Route Setup screen. Click the Remove icon to delete a static route. 14.2.1 Static Route Setup Screen To edit a static route, click the edit icon under Modify. The following screen displays. Fill in the required information for each static route. 150 NBG318S Users Guide Figure 84 Management > Static Route > IP Static Route: Static Route Setup Chapter 14 Static Route Screens The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 54 Management > Static Route > IP Static Route: Static Route Setup LABEL Route Name DESCRIPTION Enter the name of the IP static route. Leave this field blank to delete this static route. This field allows you to activate/deactivate this static route. This parameter determines if the NBG318S will include this route to a remote node in its RIP broadcasts. Select this check box to keep this route private and not included in RIP broadcasts. Clear this checkbox to propagate this route to other hosts through RIP broadcasts. This parameter specifies the IP network address of the final destination. Routing is always based on network number. If you need to specify a route to a single host, use a subnet mask of 255.255.255.255 in the subnet mask field to force the network number to be identical to the host ID. Enter the IP subnet mask here. Enter the IP address of the gateway. The gateway is an immediate neighbor of your NBG318S that will forward the packet to the destination. On the LAN, the gateway must be a router on the same segment as your NBG318S; over the WAN, the gateway must be the IP address of one of the Remote Nodes. Metric represents the cost of transmission for routing purposes. IP routing uses hop count as the measurement of cost, with a minimum of 1 for directly connected networks. Enter a number that approximates the cost for this link. The number need not be precise, but it must be between 1 and 15. In practice, 2 or 3 is usually a good number. Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG318S. Click Cancel to return to the previous screen and not save your changes. Active Private Destination IP Address IP Subnet Mask Gateway IP Address Metric Apply Cancel NBG318S Users Guide 151 Chapter 14 Static Route Screens 152 NBG318S Users Guide CHAPTER 15 Bandwidth Management This chapter contains information about configuring bandwidth management, editing rules and viewing the NBG318Ss bandwidth management logs. 15.1 Bandwidth Management Overview ZyXELs Bandwidth Management allows you to specify bandwidth management rules based on an application and/or subnet. You can allocate specific amounts of bandwidth capacity

(bandwidth budgets) to different bandwidth rules. The NBG318S applies bandwidth management to traffic that it forwards out through an interface. The NBG318S does not control the bandwidth of traffic that comes into an interface. Bandwidth management applies to all traffic flowing out of the router, regardless of the traffic's source. Traffic redirect or IP alias may cause LAN-to-LAN traffic to pass through the NBG318S and be managed by bandwidth management. The sum of the bandwidth allotments that apply to the WAN interface (LAN to WAN, WLAN to WAN, WAN to WAN / NBG318S) must be less than or equal to the Upstream Bandwidth that you configure in the Bandwidth Management Advanced screen. The sum of the bandwidth allotments that apply to the LAN port (WAN to LAN, WLAN to LAN, LAN to LAN / NBG318S) must be less than or equal to 100,000 kbps (you cannot configure the bandwidth budget for the LAN port). The sum of the bandwidth allotments that apply to the WLAN port (LAN to WLAN, WAN to WLAN, WLAN to WLAN / NBG318S) must be less than or equal to 54,000 kbps (you cannot configure the bandwidth budget for the WLAN port). 15.2 Application-based Bandwidth Management You can create bandwidth classes based on individual applications (like VoIP, Web, FTP, E-

mail and Video for example). 15.3 Subnet-based Bandwidth Management You can create bandwidth classes based on subnets. NBG318S Users Guide 153 Chapter 15 Bandwidth Management The following figure shows LAN subnets. You could configure one bandwidth class for subnet A and another for subnet B. Figure 85 Subnet-based Bandwidth Management Example 15.4 Application and Subnet-based Bandwidth Management You could also create bandwidth classes based on a combination of a subnet and an application. The following example table shows bandwidth allocations for application specific traffic from separate LAN subnets. Table 55 Application and Subnet-based Bandwidth Management Example TRAFFIC TYPE VoIP Web FTP E-mail Video FROM SUBNET B 64 Kbps 64 Kbps 64 Kbps 64 Kbps 64 Kbps FROM SUBNET A 64 Kbps 64 Kbps 64 Kbps 64 Kbps 64 Kbps 15.5 Bandwidth Management Priorities The following table describes the priorities that you can apply to traffic that the NBG318S forwards out through an interface. Table 56 Bandwidth Management Priorities PRIORITY LEVELS: TRAFFIC WITH A HIGHER PRIORITY GETS THROUGH FASTER WHILE TRAFFIC WITH A LOWER PRIORITY IS DROPPED IF THE NETWORK IS CONGESTED. High Typically used for voice traffic or video that is especially sensitive to jitter (jitter is the variations in delay). 154 NBG318S Users Guide Chapter 15 Bandwidth Management Table 56 Bandwidth Management Priorities PRIORITY LEVELS: TRAFFIC WITH A HIGHER PRIORITY GETS THROUGH FASTER WHILE TRAFFIC WITH A LOWER PRIORITY IS DROPPED IF THE NETWORK IS CONGESTED. Mid Typically used for excellent effort or better than best effort and would include important business traffic that can tolerate some delay. This is typically used for non-critical background traffic such as bulk transfers that are allowed but that should not affect other applications and users. Low 15.6 Predefined Bandwidth Management Services The following is a description of the services that you can select and to which you can apply media bandwidth management using the wizard screens. Table 57 Media Bandwidth Management Setup: Services SERVICE Xbox Live VoIP (SIP) FTP E-Mail BitTorrent MSN Webcam WWW DESCRIPTION This is Microsofts online gaming service that lets you play multiplayer Xbox games on the Internet via broadband technology. Xbox Live uses port 3074. Sending voice signals over the Internet is called Voice over IP or VoIP. Session Initiated Protocol (SIP) is an internationally recognized standard for implementing VoIP. SIP is an application-layer control (signaling) protocol that handles the setting up, altering and tearing down of voice and multimedia sessions over the Internet. SIP is transported primarily over UDP but can also be transported over TCP, using the default port number 5060. File Transfer Program enables fast transfer of files, including large files that may not be possible by e-mail. FTP uses port number 21. Electronic mail consists of messages sent through a computer network to specific groups or individuals. Here are some default ports for e-mail:

POP3 - port 110 IMAP - port 143 SMTP - port 25 HTTP - port 80 BitTorrent is a free P2P (peer-to-peer) sharing tool allowing you to distribute large software and media files using ports 6881 to 6889. BitTorrent requires you to search for a file with a searching engine yourself. It distributes files by corporation and trading, that is, the client downloads the file in small pieces and share the pieces with other peers to get other half of the file. MSN messenger allows you to chat online and send instant messages. If you use MSN messenger and also have a webcam, you can send your image/photo in real-time along with messages The World Wide Web (WWW) is an Internet system to distribute graphical, hyper-

linked information, based on Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) - a client/server protocol for the World Wide Web. The Web is not synonymous with the Internet;

rather, it is just one service on the Internet. Other services on the Internet include Internet Relay Chat and Newsgroups. The Web is accessed through use of a browser. NBG318S Users Guide 155 Chapter 15 Bandwidth Management 15.6.1 Services and Port Numbers The commonly used services and port numbers are shown in the following table. Please refer to RFC 1700 for further information about port numbers. Next to the name of the service, two fields appear in brackets. The first field indicates the IP protocol type (TCP, UDP, or ICMP). The second field indicates the IP port number that defines the service. (Note that there may be more than one IP protocol type. For example, look at the DNS service. (UDP/TCP:53) means UDP port 53 and TCP port 53. Table 58 Commonly Used Services SERVICE AIM/New-ICQ(TCP:5190) AUTH(TCP:113) BGP(TCP:179) BOOTP_CLIENT(UDP:68) BOOTP_SERVER(UDP:67) CU-SEEME(TCP/UDP:7648, 24032) DNS(UDP/TCP:53) FINGER(TCP:79) FTP(TCP:20.21) H.323(TCP:1720) HTTP(TCP:80) HTTPS(TCP:443) ICQ(UDP:4000) IKE(UDP:500) IPSEC_TUNNEL(AH:0) IPSEC_TUNNEL(ESP:0) IRC(TCP/UDP:6667) MSN Messenger(TCP:1863) MULTICAST(IGMP:0) NEW-ICQ(TCP:5190) NEWS(TCP:144) NFS(UDP:2049) NNTP(TCP:119) DESCRIPTION AOLs Internet Messenger service, used as a listening port by ICQ. Authentication protocol used by some servers. Border Gateway Protocol. DHCP Client. DHCP Server. A popular videoconferencing solution from White Pines Software. Domain Name Server, a service that matches web names (e.g. www.zyxel.com) to IP numbers. Finger is a UNIX or Internet related command that can be used to find out if a user is logged on. File Transfer Program, a program to enable fast transfer of files, including large files that may not be possible by e-mail. NetMeeting uses this protocol. Hyper Text Transfer Protocol - a client/server protocol for the world wide web. HTTPS is a secured http session often used in e-commerce. This is a popular Internet chat program. The Internet Key Exchange algorithm is used for key distribution and management. The IPSEC AH (Authentication Header) tunneling protocol uses this service. The IPSEC ESP (Encapsulation Security Protocol) tunneling protocol uses this service. This is another popular Internet chat program. Microsoft Networks messenger service uses this protocol. Internet Group Multicast Protocol is used when sending packets to a specific group of hosts. An Internet chat program. A protocol for news groups. Network File System - NFS is a client/server distributed file service that provides transparent file sharing for network environments. Network News Transport Protocol is the delivery mechanism for the USENET newsgroup service. 156 NBG318S Users Guide Table 58 Commonly Used Services Chapter 15 Bandwidth Management SERVICE PING(ICMP:0) POP3(TCP:110) PPTP(TCP:1723) PPTP_TUNNEL(GRE:0) RCMD(TCP:512) REAL_AUDIO(TCP:7070) REXEC(TCP:514) RLOGIN(TCP:513) RTELNET(TCP:107) RTSP(TCP/UDP:554) SFTP(TCP:115) SMTP(TCP:25) SSH(TCP/UDP:22) STRM WORKS(UDP:1558) SYSLOG(UDP:514) TACACS(UDP:49) TELNET(TCP:23) TFTP(UDP:69) VDOLIVE(TCP:7000) DESCRIPTION Packet INternet Groper is a protocol that sends out ICMP echo requests to test whether or not a remote host is reachable. Post Office Protocol version 3 lets a client computer get e-mail from a POP3 server through a temporary connection (TCP/IP or other). Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol enables secure transfer of data over public networks. This is the control channel. Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol enables secure transfer of data over public networks. This is the data channel. Remote Command Service. A streaming audio service that enables real time sound over the web. Remote Execution Daemon. Remote Login. Remote Telnet. The Real Time Streaming (media control) Protocol (RTSP) is a remote control for multimedia on the Internet. Simple File Transfer Protocol. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is the message-exchange standard for the Internet. SMTP enables you to move messages from one e-mail server to another. Simple Network Management Program. Structured Query Language is an interface to access data on many different types of database systems, including mainframes, midrange systems, UNIX systems and network servers. Secure Shell Remote Login Program. Stream Works Protocol. Syslog allows you to send system logs to a UNIX server. Login Host Protocol used for (Terminal Access Controller Access Control System). Telnet is the login and terminal emulation protocol common on the Internet and in UNIX environments. It operates over TCP/IP networks. Its primary function is to allow users to log into remote host systems. Trivial File Transfer Protocol is an Internet file transfer protocol similar to FTP, but uses the UDP (User Datagram Protocol) rather than TCP (Transmission Control Protocol). Another videoconferencing solution. SNMP(TCP/UDP:161) SNMP-TRAPS(TCP/UDP:162) Traps for use with the SNMP (RFC:1215). SQL-NET(TCP:1521) NBG318S Users Guide 157 Chapter 15 Bandwidth Management 15.7 Default Bandwidth Management Classes and Priorities If you enable bandwidth management but do not configure a rule for critical traffic like VoIP, the voice traffic may then get delayed due to insufficient bandwidth. With the automatic traffic classifier feature activated, the NBG318S automatically assigns a default bandwidth management class and priority to traffic that does not match any of the user-defined rules. The traffic is classified based on the traffic type. Real-time traffic always gets higher priority over other traffic. The following table shows you the priorities between the three default classes (AutoClass_H, AutoClass_M and Default Class) and user-defined rules. 6 is the highest priority. Table 59 Bandwidth Management Priority with Default Classes CLASS TYPE User-defined with high priority AutoClass_H User-defined with medium priority AutoClass_M User-defined with low priority Default Class PRIORITY 6 5 4 3 2 1 15.8 Bandwidth Management General Configuration Click Management > Bandwidth MGMT to open the bandwidth management General screen. Figure 86 Management > Bandwidth MGMT > General 158 NBG318S Users Guide Chapter 15 Bandwidth Management The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 60 Management > Bandwidth MGMT > General LABEL Enable Bandwidth Management DESCRIPTION Select this check box to have the NBG318S apply bandwidth management. Enable bandwidth management to give traffic that matches a bandwidth rule priority over traffic that does not match a bandwidth rule. Enabling bandwidth management also allows you to control the maximum or minimum amounts of bandwidth that can be used by traffic that matches a bandwidth rule. This field is only applicable when you select the Enable Bandwidth Management check box. Select this check box to have the NBG318S base on the default bandwidth classes to apply bandwidth management. Real-time packets, such as VoIP traffic always get higher priority. Click Apply to save your customized settings. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. Enable Automatic Traffic Classifier Apply Reset 15.9 Bandwidth Management Advanced Configuration Click Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Advanced to open the bandwidth management Advanced screen. Figure 87 Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Advanced NBG318S Users Guide 159 Chapter 15 Bandwidth Management The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 61 Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Advanced LABEL Check my upstream bandwidth Upstream Bandwidth (kbps) DESCRIPTION Click the Detection button to check the size of your upstream bandwidth. Enter the amount of bandwidth in kbps (2 to 100,000) that you want to allocate for traffic. 20 kbps to 20,000 kbps is recommended. The recommendation is to set this speed to be equal to or less than the speed of the broadband device connected to the WAN port. For example, set the speed to 1000 Kbps (or less) if the broadband device connected to the WAN port has an upstream speed of 1000 Kbps. Use this table to allocate specific amounts of bandwidth based on the pre-defined service. This is the number of an individual bandwidth management rule. Select this check box to have the NBG318S apply this bandwidth management rule. This is the name of the service. Select a priority from the drop down list box. Choose High, Mid or Low. Service Priority Advanced Setting Click the Edit icon to open the Rule Configuration screen where you can modify Application List

Enable User-defined Service

Enable Direction Service Name Priority Modify Apply Reset the rule. Use this table to allocate specific amounts of bandwidth to specific applications and/or subnets. This is the number of an individual bandwidth management rule. Select this check box to have the NBG318S apply this bandwidth management rule. Select To LAN to apply bandwidth management to traffic that the NBG318S forwards to the LAN. Select To WAN to apply bandwidth management to traffic that the NBG318S forwards to the WAN. Select To WLAN to apply bandwidth management to traffic that the NBG318S forwards to the WLAN. Enter a descriptive name of up to 19 alphanumeric characters, including spaces. Select a priority from the drop down list box. Choose High, Mid or Low. Click the Edit icon to open the Rule Configuration screen. Modify an existing rule or create a new rule in the Rule Configuration screen. See Section 15.9.2 on page 161 for more information. Click the Remove icon to delete a rule. Click Apply to save your customized settings. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. 15.9.1 Rule Configuration with the Pre-defined Service To edit a bandwidth management rule for the pre-defined service in the NBG318S, click the Edit icon in the Application List table of the Advanced screen. The following screen displays. 160 NBG318S Users Guide

Figure 88 Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Advanced: Rule Configuration Chapter 15 Bandwidth Management The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 62 Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Advanced: Application Rule Configuration LABEL

Enable DESCRIPTION This is the number of an individual bandwidth management rule. Select an interfaces check box to enable bandwidth management on that interface. These read-only labels represent the physical interfaces. Bandwidth management applies to all traffic flowing out of the router through the interface, regardless of the traffics source. Traffic redirect or IP alias may cause LAN-to-LAN traffic to pass through the NBG318S and be managed by bandwidth management. Select Maximum Bandwidth or Minimum Bandwidth and specify the maximum or minimum bandwidth allowed for the rule in kilobits per second. This is the port number of the destination. See Table 58 on page 156 for some common services and port numbers. This is the port number of the source. See Table 58 on page 156 for some common services and port numbers. This is the protocol (TCP or UDP) used for the service. Click OK to save your customized settings. Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving. Direction Bandwidth Destination Port Source Port Protocol OK Cancel 15.9.2 Rule Configuration with the User-defined Service In addition to the pre-defined services, if you want to edit a bandwidth management rule for other applications and/or subnets, click the Edit icon in the User-defined Service table of the Advanced screen. The following screen displays. NBG318S Users Guide 161 Chapter 15 Bandwidth Management Figure 89 Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Advanced: User-defined Service Rule Configuration The following table describes the labels in this screen Table 63 Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Advanced: User-defined Service Rule Configuration LABEL BW Budget Destination Address Destination Subnet Netmask Destination Port Source Address Source Subnet Netmask Source Port Protocol OK Cancel DESCRIPTION Select Maximum Bandwidth or Minimum Bandwidth and specify the maximum or minimum bandwidth allowed for the rule in kilobits per second. Enter the destination IP address in dotted decimal notation. Enter the destination subnet mask. This field is N/A if you do not specify a Destination Address. Refer to the appendices for more information on IP subnetting. Enter the port number of the destination. See Table 58 on page 156 for some common services and port numbers. Enter the source IP address in dotted decimal notation. Enter the destination subnet mask. This field is N/A if you do not specify a Source Address. Refer to the appendices for more information on IP subnetting. Enter the port number of the source. See Table 58 on page 156 for some common services and port numbers. Select the protocol (TCP or UDP) or select User defined and enter the protocol

(service type) number. Click OK to save your customized settings. Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving. 15.10 Bandwidth Management Monitor Click Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Monitor to open the bandwidth management Monitor screen. View the bandwidth usage of the WAN configured bandwidth rules. This is also shown as bandwidth usage over the bandwidth budget for each rule. The gray section of the bar represents the percentage of unused bandwidth and the blue color represents the percentage of bandwidth in use. 162 NBG318S Users Guide Figure 90 Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Monitor Chapter 15 Bandwidth Management NBG318S Users Guide 163 Chapter 15 Bandwidth Management 164 NBG318S Users Guide CHAPTER 16 Remote Management This chapter provides information on the Remote Management screens. 16.1 Remote Management Overview Remote management allows you to determine which services/protocols can access which NBG318S interface (if any) from which computers.

When you configure remote management to allow management from the WAN, you still need to configure a firewall rule to allow access. See the firewall chapters for details on configuring firewall rules. You may manage your NBG318S from a remote location via:

ALL (LAN and WAN) Neither (Disable). Internet (WAN only) LAN only

When you choose WAN or LAN & WAN, you still need to configure a firewall rule to allow access. To disable remote management of a service, select Disable in the corresponding Server Access field. You may only have one remote management session running at a time. The NBG318S automatically disconnects a remote management session of lower priority when another remote management session of higher priority starts. The priorities for the different types of remote management sessions are as follows. 1 Telnet 2 HTTP 16.1.1 Remote Management Limitations Remote management over LAN or WAN will not work when:

NBG318S Users Guide 165 Chapter 16 Remote Management 1 You have disabled that service in one of the remote management screens. 2 The IP address in the Secured Client IP Address field does not match the client IP address. If it does not match, the NBG318S will disconnect the session immediately. 3 There is already another remote management session with an equal or higher priority running. You may only have one remote management session running at one time. 4 There is a firewall rule that blocks it. 16.1.2 Remote Management and NAT When NAT is enabled:

Use the NBG318Ss WAN IP address when configuring from the WAN. Use the NBG318Ss LAN IP address when configuring from the LAN. 16.1.3 System Timeout There is a default system management idle timeout of five minutes (three hundred seconds). The NBG318S automatically logs you out if the management session remains idle for longer than this timeout period. The management session does not time out when a statistics screen is polling. You can change the timeout period in the System screen 16.2 WWW Screen To change your NBG318Ss World Wide Web settings, click Management > Remote MGMT to display the WWW screen. Figure 91 Management > Remote MGMT > WWW The following table describes the labels in this screen Table 64 Management > Remote MGMT > WWW 16.3 Telnet You can configure your NBG318S for remote Telnet access as shown next. The administrator uses Telnet from a computer on a remote network to access the NBG318S. 166 NBG318S Users Guide Figure 92 Telnet Configuration on a TCP/IP Network Chapter 16 Remote Management 16.4 Telnet Screen To change your NBG318Ss Telnet settings, click Management > Remote MGMT > Telnet. The following screen displays. Figure 93 Management > Remote MGMT > Telnet The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 65 Management > Remote MGMT > Telnet LABEL Server Port DESCRIPTION You may change the server port number for a service if needed, however you must use the same port number in order to use that service for remote management. Select the interface(s) through which a computer may access the NBG318S using this service. A secured client is a trusted computer that is allowed to communicate with the NBG318S using this service. Select All to allow any computer to access the NBG318S using this service. Choose Selected to just allow the computer with the IP address that you specify to access the NBG318S using this service. Click Apply to save your customized settings and exit this screen. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. Server Access Secured Client IP Address Apply Reset NBG318S Users Guide 167 Chapter 16 Remote Management 16.5 FTP Screen You can upload and download the NBG318Ss firmware and configuration files using FTP, please see the chapter on firmware and configuration file maintenance for details. To use this feature, your computer must have an FTP client. To change your NBG318Ss FTP settings, click Management > Remote MGMT > FTP. The screen appears as shown. Figure 94 Management > Remote MGMT > FTP The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 66 Management > Remote MGMT > FTP LABEL Server Port DESCRIPTION You may change the server port number for a service if needed, however you must use the same port number in order to use that service for remote management. Select the interface(s) through which a computer may access the NBG318S using this service. A secured client is a trusted computer that is allowed to communicate with the NBG318S using this service. Select All to allow any computer to access the NBG318S using this service. Choose Selected to just allow the computer with the IP address that you specify to access the NBG318S using this service. Click Apply to save your customized settings and exit this screen. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. Server Access Secured Client IP Address Apply Reset 16.6 DNS Screen Use DNS (Domain Name System) to map a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice versa. Refer to the chapter on Wizard Setup for background information. To change your NBG318Ss DNS settings, click Management > Remote MGMT > DNS. The screen appears as shown. 168 NBG318S Users Guide Figure 95 Management > Remote MGMT > DNS Chapter 16 Remote Management The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 67 Management > Remote MGMT > DNS LABEL Server Port Server Access DESCRIPTION The DNS service port number is 53 and cannot be changed here. Select the interface(s) through which a computer may send DNS queries to the NBG318S. A secured client is a trusted computer that is allowed to send DNS queries to the NBG318S. Select All to allow any computer to send DNS queries to the NBG318S. Choose Selected to just allow the computer with the IP address that you specify to send DNS queries to the NBG318S. Click Apply to save your customized settings and exit this screen. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. Secured Client IP Address Apply Reset NBG318S Users Guide 169 Chapter 16 Remote Management 170 NBG318S Users Guide 17 CHAPTER Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) This chapter introduces the UPnP feature in the web configurator. 17.1 Introducing Universal Plug and Play Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) is a distributed, open networking standard that uses TCP/IP for simple peer-to-peer network connectivity between devices. A UPnP device can dynamically join a network, obtain an IP address, convey its capabilities and learn about other devices on the network. In turn, a device can leave a network smoothly and automatically when it is no longer in use. See Section 17.3 on page 172 for configuration instructions. 17.1.1 How do I know if I'm using UPnP?

UPnP hardware is identified as an icon in the Network Connections folder (Windows XP). Each UPnP compatible device installed on your network will appear as a separate icon. Selecting the icon of a UPnP device will allow you to access the information and properties of that device. 17.1.2 NAT Traversal UPnP NAT traversal automates the process of allowing an application to operate through NAT. UPnP network devices can automatically configure network addressing, announce their presence in the network to other UPnP devices and enable exchange of simple product and service descriptions. NAT traversal allows the following:

Dynamic port mapping Learning public IP addresses Assigning lease times to mappings Windows Messenger is an example of an application that supports NAT traversal and UPnP. See the NAT chapter for more information on NAT. 17.1.3 Cautions with UPnP The automated nature of NAT traversal applications in establishing their own services and opening firewall ports may present network security issues. Network information and configuration may also be obtained and modified by users in some network environments. NBG318S Users Guide 171 Chapter 17 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) When a UPnP device joins a network, it announces its presence with a multicast message. For security reasons, the NBG318S allows multicast messages on the LAN only. All UPnP-enabled devices may communicate freely with each other without additional configuration. Disable UPnP if this is not your intention. 17.2 UPnP and ZyXEL ZyXEL has achieved UPnP certification from the Universal Plug and Play Forum UPnP Implementers Corp. (UIC). ZyXEL's UPnP implementation supports Internet Gateway Device

(IGD) 1.0. See the following sections for examples of installing and using UPnP. 17.3 UPnP Screen Click the Management > UPnP to display the UPnP screen. Figure 96 Management > UPnP > General The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 68 Management > UPnP > General DESCRIPTION LABEL Enable the Universal Plug Select this check box to activate UPnP. Be aware that anyone could use a UPnP application to open the web configurator's login screen and Play (UPnP) Feature without entering the NBG318S's IP address (although you must still enter the password to access the web configurator). Select this check box to allow UPnP-enabled applications to automatically configure the NBG318S so that they can communicate through the NBG318S, for example by using NAT traversal, UPnP applications automatically reserve a NAT forwarding port in order to communicate with another UPnP enabled device; this eliminates the need to manually configure port forwarding for the UPnP enabled application. Select this check box to allow traffic from UPnP-enabled applications to bypass the firewall. Clear this check box to have the firewall block all UPnP application packets (for example, MSN packets). Allow users to make configuration changes through UPnP Allow UPnP to pass through Firewall 172 NBG318S Users Guide Chapter 17 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) Table 68 Management > UPnP > General LABEL DESCRIPTION Click Apply to save the setting to the NBG318S. Apply Click Cancel to return to the previously saved settings. Cancel 17.4 Installing UPnP in Windows Example This section shows how to install UPnP in Windows Me and Windows XP. 17.4.0.1 Installing UPnP in Windows Me Follow the steps below to install the UPnP in Windows Me. 1 Click Start and Control Panel. Double-click Add/Remove Programs. 2 Click on the Windows Setup tab and select Communication in the Components selection box. Click Details. Figure 97 Add/Remove Programs: Windows Setup: Communication 3 In the Communications window, select the Universal Plug and Play check box in the Components selection box. NBG318S Users Guide 173 Chapter 17 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) Figure 98 Add/Remove Programs: Windows Setup: Communication: Components 4 Click OK to go back to the Add/Remove Programs Properties window and click Next. 5 Restart the computer when prompted. Installing UPnP in Windows XP Follow the steps below to install the UPnP in Windows XP. 1 Click Start and Control Panel. 2 Double-click Network Connections. 3 In the Network Connections window, click Advanced in the main menu and select Optional Networking Components . Figure 99 Network Connections 4 The Windows Optional Networking Components Wizard window displays. Select Networking Service in the Components selection box and click Details. 174 NBG318S Users Guide Figure 100 Windows Optional Networking Components Wizard Chapter 17 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 5 In the Networking Services window, select the Universal Plug and Play check box. Figure 101 Networking Services 6 Click OK to go back to the Windows Optional Networking Component Wizard window and click Next. NBG318S Users Guide 175 Chapter 17 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 17.4.0.2 Using UPnP in Windows XP Example This section shows you how to use the UPnP feature in Windows XP. You must already have UPnP installed in Windows XP and UPnP activated on the NBG318S. Make sure the computer is connected to a LAN port of the NBG318S. Turn on your computer and the NBG318S. Auto-discover Your UPnP-enabled Network Device 1 Click Start and Control Panel. Double-click Network Connections. An icon displays under Internet Gateway. 2 Right-click the icon and select Properties. Figure 102 Network Connections 3 In the Internet Connection Properties window, click Settings to see the port mappings there were automatically created. 176 NBG318S Users Guide Figure 103 Internet Connection Properties Chapter 17 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 4 You may edit or delete the port mappings or click Add to manually add port mappings. NBG318S Users Guide 177 Chapter 17 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) Figure 104 Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings Figure 105 Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings: Add 5 When the UPnP-enabled device is disconnected from your computer, all port mappings 6 Select Show icon in notification area when connected option and click OK. An icon will be deleted automatically. displays in the system tray. 178 NBG318S Users Guide Figure 106 System Tray Icon Chapter 17 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 7 Double-click on the icon to display your current Internet connection status. Figure 107 Internet Connection Status Web Configurator Easy Access With UPnP, you can access the web-based configurator on the NBG318S without finding out the IP address of the NBG318S first. This comes helpful if you do not know the IP address of the NBG318S. Follow the steps below to access the web configurator. 1 Click Start and then Control Panel. 2 Double-click Network Connections. 3 Select My Network Places under Other Places. NBG318S Users Guide 179 Chapter 17 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) Figure 108 Network Connections 4 An icon with the description for each UPnP-enabled device displays under Local 5 Right-click on the icon for your NBG318S and select Invoke. The web configurator Network. login screen displays. 180 NBG318S Users Guide Figure 109 Network Connections: My Network Places Chapter 17 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 6 Right-click on the icon for your NBG318S and select Properties. A properties window displays with basic information about the NBG318S. Figure 110 Network Connections: My Network Places: Properties: Example NBG318S Users Guide 181 Chapter 17 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 182 NBG318S Users Guide PART V Maintenance and Troubleshooting System (185) Logs (189) Tools (203) Configuration Mode (209) Sys Op Mode (211) Troubleshooting (213) 183 184 CHAPTER 18 System This chapter provides information on the System screens. 18.1 System Overview See the chapter about wizard setup for more information on the next few screens. 18.2 System General Screen Click Maintenance > System. The following screen displays. Figure 111 Maintenance > System > General NBG318S Users Guide 185 Chapter 18 System The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 69 Maintenance > System > General LABEL System Name DESCRIPTION System Name is a unique name to identify the NBG318S in an Ethernet network. It is recommended you enter your computers Computer name in this field (see the chapter about wizard setup for how to find your computers name). This name can be up to 30 alphanumeric characters long. Spaces are not allowed, but dashes - and underscores "_" are accepted. Enter the domain name (if you know it) here. If you leave this field blank, the ISP may assign a domain name via DHCP. The domain name entered by you is given priority over the ISP assigned domain name. Type how many minutes a management session can be left idle before the session times out. The default is 5 minutes. After it times out you have to log in with your password again. Very long idle timeouts may have security risks. A value of "0" means a management session never times out, no matter how long it has been left idle (not recommended). Change your NBG318Ss password (recommended) using the fields as shown. Type the default password or the existing password you use to access the system in this field. Type your new system password (up to 30 characters). Note that as you type a password, the screen displays an asterisk (*) for each character you type. Domain Name Administrator Inactivity Timer Password Setup Old Password New Password Retype to Confirm Type the new password again in this field. Apply Reset Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG318S. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. 18.3 Time Setting Screen To change your NBG318Ss time and date, click Maintenance > System > Time Setting. The screen appears as shown. Use this screen to configure the NBG318Ss time based on your local time zone. 186 NBG318S Users Guide Figure 112 Maintenance > System > Time Setting Chapter 18 System The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 70 Maintenance > System > Time Setting LABEL Current Time and Date Current Time DESCRIPTION Current Date Time and Date Setup Manual New Time

(hh:mm:ss) New Date

(yyyy/mm/dd) This field displays the time of your NBG318S. Each time you reload this page, the NBG318S synchronizes the time with the time server. This field displays the date of your NBG318S. Each time you reload this page, the NBG318S synchronizes the date with the time server. Select this radio button to enter the time and date manually. If you configure a new time and date, Time Zone and Daylight Saving at the same time, the new time and date you entered has priority and the Time Zone and Daylight Saving settings do not affect it. This field displays the last updated time from the time server or the last time configured manually. When you set Time and Date Setup to Manual, enter the new time in this field and then click Apply. This field displays the last updated date from the time server or the last date configured manually. When you set Time and Date Setup to Manual, enter the new date in this field and then click Apply. NBG318S Users Guide 187 Chapter 18 System Table 70 Maintenance > System > Time Setting LABEL Get from Time Server Auto DESCRIPTION Select this radio button to have the NBG318S get the time and date from the time server you specified below. Select Auto to have the NBG318S automatically search for an available time server and synchronize the date and time with the time server after you click Apply. Select User Defined Time Server Address and enter the IP address or URL

(up to 20 extended ASCII characters in length) of your time server. Check with your ISP/network administrator if you are unsure of this information. User Defined Time Server Address Time Zone Setup Time Zone Daylight Savings Start Date End Date Apply Reset Choose the time zone of your location. This will set the time difference between your time zone and Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). Daylight saving is a period from late spring to early fall when many countries set their clocks ahead of normal local time by one hour to give more daytime light in the evening. Select this option if you use Daylight Saving Time. Configure the day and time when Daylight Saving Time starts if you selected Daylight Savings. The o'clock field uses the 24 hour format. Here are a couple of examples:

Daylight Saving Time starts in most parts of the United States on the first Sunday of April. Each time zone in the United States starts using Daylight Saving Time at 2 A.M. local time. So in the United States you would select First, Sunday, April and type 2 in the o'clock field. Daylight Saving Time starts in the European Union on the last Sunday of March. All of the time zones in the European Union start using Daylight Saving Time at the same moment (1 A.M. GMT or UTC). So in the European Union you would select Last, Sunday, March. The time you type in the o'clock field depends on your time zone. In Germany for instance, you would type 2 because Germany's time zone is one hour ahead of GMT or UTC (GMT+1). Configure the day and time when Daylight Saving Time ends if you selected Daylight Savings. The o'clock field uses the 24 hour format. Here are a couple of examples:

Daylight Saving Time ends in the United States on the last Sunday of October. Each time zone in the United States stops using Daylight Saving Time at 2 A.M. local time. So in the United States you would select Last, Sunday, October and type 2 in the o'clock field. Daylight Saving Time ends in the European Union on the last Sunday of October. All of the time zones in the European Union stop using Daylight Saving Time at the same moment (1 A.M. GMT or UTC). So in the European Union you would select Last, Sunday, October. The time you type in the o'clock field depends on your time zone. In Germany for instance, you would type 2 because Germany's time zone is one hour ahead of GMT or UTC (GMT+1). Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG318S. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. 188 NBG318S Users Guide CHAPTER 19 Logs This chapter contains information about configuring general log settings and viewing the NBG318Ss logs. Refer to the appendices for example log message explanations. 19.1 View Log The web configurator allows you to look at all of the NBG318Ss logs in one location. Click Maintenance > Logs to open the View Log screen. Use the View Log screen to see the logs for the categories that you selected in the Log Settings screen (see Section 19.2 on page 190). Options include logs about system maintenance, system errors, access control, allowed or blocked web sites, blocked web features (such as ActiveX controls, Java and cookies), attacks (such as DoS) and IPSec. Log entries in red indicate system error logs. The log wraps around and deletes the old entries after it fills. Click a column heading to sort the entries. A triangle indicates ascending or descending sort order. Figure 113 Maintenance > Logs > View Log NBG318S Users Guide 189 Chapter 19 Logs The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 71 Maintenance > Logs > View Log LABEL Display DESCRIPTION The categories that you select in the Log Settings page (see Section 19.2 on page 190) display in the drop-down list box. Select a category of logs to view; select All Logs to view logs from all of the log categories that you selected in the Log Settings page. Click Email Log Now to send the log screen to the e-mail address specified in the Log Settings page (make sure that you have first filled in the Address Info fields in Log Settings). Click Refresh to renew the log screen. Click Clear Log to delete all the logs. This field displays the time the log was recorded. See the chapter on system maintenance and information to configure the NBG318Ss time and date. This field states the reason for the log. This field lists the source IP address and the port number of the incoming packet. This field lists the destination IP address and the port number of the incoming packet. This field displays additional information about the log entry. Email Log Now Refresh Clear Log Time Message Source Destination Note 19.2 Log Settings You can configure the NBG318Ss general log settings in one location. Click Maintenance > Logs > Log Settings to open the Log Settings screen. Use the Log Settings screen to configure to where the NBG318S is to send logs; the schedule for when the NBG318S is to send the logs and which logs and/or immediate alerts the NBG318S to send. An alert is a type of log that warrants more serious attention. They include system errors, attacks (access control) and attempted access to blocked web sites or web sites with restricted web features such as cookies, active X and so on. Some categories such as System Errors consist of both logs and alerts. You may differentiate them by their color in the View Log screen. Alerts display in red and logs display in black. Alerts are e-mailed as soon as they happen. Logs may be e-mailed as soon as the log is full

(see Log Schedule). Selecting many alert and/or log categories (especially Access Control) may result in many e-mails being sent. 190 NBG318S Users Guide Figure 114 Maintenance > Logs > Log Settings Chapter 19 Logs The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 72 Maintenance > Logs > Log Settings LABEL E-mail Log Settings Mail Server DESCRIPTION Mail Subject Send Log To Enter the server name or the IP address of the mail server for the e-mail addresses specified below. If this field is left blank, logs and alert messages will not be sent via E-mail. Type a title that you want to be in the subject line of the log e-mail message that the NBG318S sends. Not all NBG318S models have this field. The NBG318S sends logs to the e-mail address specified in this field. If this field is left blank, the NBG318S does not send logs via e-mail. NBG318S Users Guide 191 Chapter 19 Logs Table 72 Maintenance > Logs > Log Settings LABEL Send Alerts To SMTP Authentication User Name Password Log Schedule DESCRIPTION Alerts are real-time notifications that are sent as soon as an event, such as a DoS attack, system error, or forbidden web access attempt occurs. Enter the E-

mail address where the alert messages will be sent. Alerts include system errors, attacks and attempted access to blocked web sites. If this field is left blank, alert messages will not be sent via E-mail. SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is the message-exchange standard for the Internet. SMTP enables you to move messages from one e-mail server to another. Select the check box to activate SMTP authentication. If mail server authentication is needed but this feature is disabled, you will not receive the e-

mail logs. Enter the user name (up to 31 characters) (usually the user name of a mail account). Enter the password associated with the user name above. This drop-down menu is used to configure the frequency of log messages being sent as E-mail:

Daily Weekly Hourly When Log is Full None. If you select Weekly or Daily, specify a time of day when the E-mail should be sent. If you select Weekly, then also specify which day of the week the E-mail should be sent. If you select When Log is Full, an alert is sent when the log fills up. If you select None, no log messages are sent. Day for Sending Log Use the drop down list box to select which day of the week to send the logs. Time for Sending Log Clear log after sending mail Syslog Logging Active Syslog Server IP Address Log Facility Enter the time of the day in 24-hour format (for example 23:00 equals 11:00 pm) to send the logs. Select the checkbox to delete all the logs after the NBG318S sends an E-mail of the logs. The NBG318S sends a log to an external syslog server. Click Active to enable syslog logging. Enter the server name or IP address of the syslog server that will log the selected categories of logs. Select a location from the drop down list box. The log facility allows you to log the messages to different files in the syslog server. Refer to the syslog server manual for more information. Active Log and Alert Log Send Immediate Alert Apply Reset Select the categories of logs that you want to record. Select log categories for which you want the NBG318S to send E-mail alerts immediately. Click Apply to save your changes. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. 192 NBG318S Users Guide 19.3 Log Descriptions Chapter 19 Logs This section provides descriptions of example log messages. Table 73 System Maintenance Logs LOG MESSAGE Time calibration is successful Time calibration failed WAN interface gets IP:%s DESCRIPTION The router has adjusted its time based on information from the time server. The router failed to get information from the time server. A WAN interface got a new IP address from the DHCP, PPPoE, PPTP or dial-up server. A DHCP client's IP address has expired. The DHCP server assigned an IP address to a client. Someone has logged on to the router's web configurator interface. Someone has failed to log on to the router's web configurator interface. Someone has logged on to the router via telnet. Someone has failed to log on to the router via telnet. Someone has logged on to the router via ftp. Someone has failed to log on to the router via ftp. The maximum number of NAT session table entries has been exceeded and the table is full. Starting Connectivity Monitor. The router got the time and date from the Daytime server. The router got the time and date from the time server. The router got the time and date from the NTP server. The router was not able to connect to the Daytime server. The router was not able to connect to the Time server. The router was not able to connect to the NTP server. The router dropped an ICMP packet that was too large. The router is saving configuration changes. Someone has logged on to the routers SSH server. Someone has failed to log on to the routers SSH server. Someone has logged on to the router's web configurator interface using HTTPS protocol. Someone has failed to log on to the router's web configurator interface using HTTPS protocol. DHCP client IP expired DHCP server assigns%s Successful WEB login WEB login failed Successful TELNET login TELNET login failed Successful FTP login FTP login failed NAT Session Table is Full!

Starting Connectivity Monitor Time initialized by Daytime Server Time initialized by Time server Time initialized by NTP server Connect to Daytime server fail Connect to Time server fail Connect to NTP server fail Too large ICMP packet has been dropped Configuration Change: PC =

0x%x, Task ID = 0x%x Successful SSH login SSH login failed Successful HTTPS login HTTPS login failed NBG318S Users Guide 193 Chapter 19 Logs Table 74 System Error Logs LOG MESSAGE

%s exceeds the max. number of session per host!

setNetBIOSFilter: calloc error readNetBIOSFilter: calloc error WAN connection is down. DESCRIPTION This attempt to create a NAT session exceeds the maximum number of NAT session table entries allowed to be created per host. The router failed to allocate memory for the NetBIOS filter settings. The router failed to allocate memory for the NetBIOS filter settings. A WAN connection is down. You cannot access the network through this interface. Table 75 Access Control Logs LOG MESSAGE Firewall default policy: [TCP |

UDP | IGMP | ESP | GRE | OSPF]

<Packet Direction>

Firewall rule [NOT] match:[TCP |

UDP | IGMP | ESP | GRE | OSPF]

<Packet Direction>, <rule:%d>

Triangle route packet forwarded:

[TCP | UDP | IGMP | ESP | GRE |

OSPF]

Packet without a NAT table entry blocked: [TCP | UDP | IGMP | ESP

| GRE | OSPF]

Router sent blocked web site message: TCP DESCRIPTION Attempted TCP/UDP/IGMP/ESP/GRE/OSPF access matched the default policy and was blocked or forwarded according to the default policys setting. Attempted TCP/UDP/IGMP/ESP/GRE/OSPF access matched (or did not match) a configured firewall rule

(denoted by its number) and was blocked or forwarded according to the rule. The firewall allowed a triangle route session to pass through. The router blocked a packet that didn't have a corresponding NAT table entry. The router sent a message to notify a user that the router blocked access to a web site that the user requested. Table 76 TCP Reset Logs LOG MESSAGE Under SYN flood attack, sent TCP RST Exceed TCP MAX incomplete, sent TCP RST Peer TCP state out of order, sent TCP RST DESCRIPTION The router sent a TCP reset packet when a host was under a SYN flood attack (the TCP incomplete count is per destination host.) The router sent a TCP reset packet when the number of TCP incomplete connections exceeded the user configured threshold.

(the TCP incomplete count is per destination host.) Note: Refer to TCP Maximum Incomplete in the Firewall Attack Alerts screen. The router sent a TCP reset packet when a TCP connection state was out of order.Note: The firewall refers to RFC793 Figure 6 to check the TCP state. 194 NBG318S Users Guide Table 76 TCP Reset Logs (continued) LOG MESSAGE Firewall session time out, sent TCP RST Exceed MAX incomplete, sent TCP RST Access block, sent TCP RST Chapter 19 Logs DESCRIPTION The router sent a TCP reset packet when a dynamic firewall session timed out. The default timeout values are as follows:

ICMP idle timeout: 3 minutes UDP idle timeout: 3 minutes TCP connection (three way handshaking) timeout: 270 seconds TCP FIN-wait timeout: 2 MSL (Maximum Segment Lifetime set in the TCP header). TCP idle (established) timeout (s): 150 minutes TCP reset timeout: 10 seconds The router sent a TCP reset packet when the number of incomplete connections (TCP and UDP) exceeded the user-

configured threshold. (Incomplete count is for all TCP and UDP connections through the firewall.)Note: When the number of incomplete connections (TCP + UDP) > Maximum Incomplete High, the router sends TCP RST packets for TCP connections and destroys TOS (firewall dynamic sessions) until incomplete connections < Maximum Incomplete Low. The router sends a TCP RST packet and generates this log if you turn on the firewall TCP reset mechanism (via CI command: "sys firewall tcprst"). Table 77 Packet Filter Logs LOG MESSAGE

[TCP | UDP | ICMP | IGMP |

Generic] packet filter matched (set:%d, rule:%d) DESCRIPTION Attempted access matched a configured filter rule (denoted by its set and rule number) and was blocked or forwarded according to the rule. Table 78 ICMP Logs LOG MESSAGE Firewall default policy: ICMP

<Packet Direction>, <type:%d>,

<code:%d>

Firewall rule [NOT] match: ICMP

<Packet Direction>, <rule:%d>,

<type:%d>, <code:%d>

Triangle route packet forwarded:

ICMP Packet without a NAT table entry blocked: ICMP Unsupported/out-of-order ICMP:

ICMP Router reply ICMP packet: ICMP DESCRIPTION ICMP access matched the default policy and was blocked or forwarded according to the user's setting. For type and code details, see Table 87 on page 200. ICMP access matched (or didnt match) a firewall rule

(denoted by its number) and was blocked or forwarded according to the rule. For type and code details, see Table 87 on page 200. The firewall allowed a triangle route session to pass through. The router blocked a packet that didnt have a corresponding NAT table entry. The firewall does not support this kind of ICMP packets or the ICMP packets are out of order. The router sent an ICMP reply packet to the sender. NBG318S Users Guide 195 Chapter 19 Logs Table 79 CDR Logs LOG MESSAGE board%d line%d channel%d, call%d,%s C01 Outgoing Call dev=%x ch=%x%s board%d line%d channel%d, call%d,%s C02 OutCall Connected%d%s board%d line%d channel%d, call%d,%s C02 Call Terminated DESCRIPTION The router received the setup requirements for a call. call is the reference (count) number of the call. dev is the device type (3 is for dial-up, 6 is for PPPoE, 10 is for PPTP).

"channel" or ch is the call channel ID.For example,"board 0 line 0 channel 0, call 3, C01 Outgoing Call dev=6 ch=0

"Means the router has dialed to the PPPoE server 3 times. The PPPoE, PPTP or dial-up call is connected. The PPPoE, PPTP or dial-up call was disconnected. Table 80 PPP Logs LOG MESSAGE ppp:LCP Starting ppp:LCP Opening ppp:CHAP Opening ppp:IPCP Starting ppp:IPCP Opening ppp:LCP Closing ppp:IPCP Closing DESCRIPTION The PPP connections Link Control Protocol stage has started. The PPP connections Link Control Protocol stage is opening. The PPP connections Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol stage is opening. The PPP connections Internet Protocol Control Protocol stage is starting. The PPP connections Internet Protocol Control Protocol stage is opening. The PPP connections Link Control Protocol stage is closing. The PPP connections Internet Protocol Control Protocol stage is closing. Table 81 UPnP Logs LOG MESSAGE UPnP pass through Firewall DESCRIPTION UPnP packets can pass through the firewall. Table 82 Content Filtering Logs LOG MESSAGE

%s: Keyword blocking DESCRIPTION The content of a requested web page matched a user defined keyword. The web site is not in a trusted domain, and the router blocks all traffic except trusted domain sites.

%s: Not in trusted web list

%s: Forbidden Web site The web site is in the forbidden web site list.

%s: Contains ActiveX

%s: Contains Java applet

%s: Contains cookie The web site contains ActiveX. The web site contains a Java applet. The web site contains a cookie. 196 NBG318S Users Guide Chapter 19 Logs Table 82 Content Filtering Logs (continued) LOG MESSAGE

%s: Proxy mode detected

%s DESCRIPTION The router detected proxy mode in the packet.

%s:%s

%s(cache hit)

%s:%s(cache hit)

%s: Trusted Web site

%s Waiting content filter server timeout DNS resolving failed The content filter server responded that the web site is in the blocked category list, but it did not return the category type. The content filter server responded that the web site is in the blocked category list, and returned the category type. The system detected that the web site is in the blocked list from the local cache, but does not know the category type. The system detected that the web site is in blocked list from the local cache, and knows the category type. The web site is in a trusted domain. When the content filter is not on according to the time schedule or you didn't select the "Block Matched Web Site check box, the system forwards the web content. The external content filtering server did not respond within the timeout period. The NBG318S cannot get the IP address of the external content filtering via DNS query. Creating socket failed The NBG318S cannot issue a query because TCP/IP socket creation Connecting to content filter server fail License key is invalid The external content filtering license key is invalid. failed, port:port number. The connection to the external content filtering server failed. Table 83 Attack Logs LOG MESSAGE attack [TCP | UDP | IGMP

| ESP | GRE | OSPF]

attack ICMP (type:%d, code:%d) land [TCP | UDP | IGMP |

ESP | GRE | OSPF]

land ICMP (type:%d, code:%d) ip spoofing - WAN [TCP |

UDP | IGMP | ESP | GRE |

OSPF]

ip spoofing - WAN ICMP

(type:%d, code:%d) icmp echo: ICMP (type:%d, code:%d) syn flood TCP ports scan TCP teardrop TCP DESCRIPTION The firewall detected a TCP/UDP/IGMP/ESP/GRE/OSPF attack. The firewall detected an ICMP attack. For type and code details, see Table 87 on page 200. The firewall detected a TCP/UDP/IGMP/ESP/GRE/OSPF land attack. The firewall detected an ICMP land attack. For type and code details, see Table 87 on page 200. The firewall detected an IP spoofing attack on the WAN port. The firewall detected an ICMP IP spoofing attack on the WAN port. For type and code details, see Table 87 on page 200. The firewall detected an ICMP echo attack. For type and code details, see Table 87 on page 200. The firewall detected a TCP syn flood attack. The firewall detected a TCP port scan attack. The firewall detected a TCP teardrop attack. NBG318S Users Guide 197 Chapter 19 Logs Table 83 Attack Logs (continued) LOG MESSAGE teardrop UDP teardrop ICMP (type:%d, code:%d) illegal command TCP NetBIOS TCP ip spoofing - no routing entry [TCP | UDP | IGMP |

ESP | GRE | OSPF]

ip spoofing - no routing entry ICMP (type:%d, code:%d) vulnerability ICMP

(type:%d, code:%d) traceroute ICMP (type:%d, code:%d) DESCRIPTION The firewall detected an UDP teardrop attack. The firewall detected an ICMP teardrop attack. For type and code details, see Table 87 on page 200. The firewall detected a TCP illegal command attack. The firewall detected a TCP NetBIOS attack. The firewall classified a packet with no source routing entry as an IP spoofing attack. The firewall classified an ICMP packet with no source routing entry as an IP spoofing attack. The firewall detected an ICMP vulnerability attack. For type and code details, see Table 87 on page 200. The firewall detected an ICMP traceroute attack. For type and code details, see Table 87 on page 200. Table 84 PKI Logs LOG MESSAGE Enrollment successful Enrollment failed Failed to resolve

<SCEP CA server url>

Enrollment successful Enrollment failed Failed to resolve <CMP CA server url>

Rcvd ca cert: <subject name>

Rcvd user cert:

<subject name>

Rcvd CRL <size>:

<issuer name>

Rcvd ARL <size>:

<issuer name>

DESCRIPTION The SCEP online certificate enrollment was successful. The Destination field records the certification authority server IP address and port. The SCEP online certificate enrollment failed. The Destination field records the certification authority servers IP address and port. The SCEP online certificate enrollment failed because the certification authority servers address cannot be resolved. The CMP online certificate enrollment was successful. The Destination field records the certification authority servers IP address and port. The CMP online certificate enrollment failed. The Destination field records the certification authority servers IP address and port. The CMP online certificate enrollment failed because the certification authority servers IP address cannot be resolved. The router received a certification authority certificate, with subject name as recorded, from the LDAP server whose IP address and port are recorded in the Source field. The router received a user certificate, with subject name as recorded, from the LDAP server whose IP address and port are recorded in the Source field. The router received a CRL (Certificate Revocation List), with size and issuer name as recorded, from the LDAP server whose IP address and port are recorded in the Source field. The router received an ARL (Authority Revocation List), with size and issuer name as recorded, from the LDAP server whose address and port are recorded in the Source field. 198 NBG318S Users Guide Chapter 19 Logs Table 84 PKI Logs (continued) LOG MESSAGE Failed to decode the received ca cert Failed to decode the received user cert Failed to decode the received CRL Failed to decode the received ARL Rcvd data <size> too large! Max size allowed: <max size>

Cert trusted: <subject name>

Due to <reason codes>, cert not trusted:

<subject name>

DESCRIPTION The router received a corrupted certification authority certificate from the LDAP server whose address and port are recorded in the Source field. The router received a corrupted user certificate from the LDAP server whose address and port are recorded in the Source field. The router received a corrupted CRL (Certificate Revocation List) from the LDAP server whose address and port are recorded in the Source field. The router received a corrupted ARL (Authority Revocation List) from the LDAP server whose address and port are recorded in the Source field. The router received directory data that was too large (the size is listed) from the LDAP server whose address and port are recorded in the Source field. The maximum size of directory data that the router allows is also recorded. The router has verified the path of the certificate with the listed subject name. Due to the reasons listed, the certificate with the listed subject name has not passed the path verification. The recorded reason codes are only approximate reasons for not trusting the certificate. Please see Table 87 on page 200 for the corresponding descriptions of the codes. Table 85 802.1X Logs LOG MESSAGE Local User Database accepts user. Local User Database reports user credential error. Local User Database does not find user`s credential. RADIUS accepts user. RADIUS rejects user. Pls check RADIUS Server. Local User Database does not support authentication method. User logout because of session timeout expired. User logout because of user deassociation. User logout because of no authentication response from user. User logout because of idle timeout expired. User logout because of user request. DESCRIPTION A user was authenticated by the local user database. A user was not authenticated by the local user database because of an incorrect user password. A user was not authenticated by the local user database because the user is not listed in the local user database. A user was authenticated by the RADIUS Server. A user was not authenticated by the RADIUS Server. Please check the RADIUS Server. The local user database only supports the EAP-MD5 method. A user tried to use another authentication method and was not authenticated. The router logged out a user whose session expired. The router logged out a user who ended the session. The router logged out a user from which there was no authentication response. The router logged out a user whose idle timeout period expired. A user logged out. NBG318S Users Guide 199 Chapter 19 Logs Table 85 802.1X Logs (continued) LOG MESSAGE Local User Database does not support authentication method. DESCRIPTION A user tried to use an authentication method that the local user database does not support (it only supports EAP-MD5). There is no response message from the RADIUS server, please check the RADIUS server. The local user database is operating as the authentication server. No response from RADIUS. Pls check RADIUS Server. Use Local User Database to authenticate user. Use RADIUS to authenticate user. The RADIUS server is operating as the authentication server. There is no authentication server to authenticate a user. A user was not authenticated by the local user database because the user is not listed in the local user database. No Server to authenticate user. Local User Database does not find user`s credential. Table 86 ACL Setting Notes PACKET DIRECTION DIRECTION LAN to WAN

(L to W)

(W to L) WAN to LAN LAN to LAN/

(L to L/P) NBG318S WAN to WAN/

NBG318S

(W to W/P) Table 87 ICMP Notes TYPE 0 CODE DESCRIPTION ACL set for packets traveling from the LAN to the WAN. ACL set for packets traveling from the WAN to the LAN. ACL set for packets traveling from the LAN to the LAN or the NBG318S. ACL set for packets traveling from the WAN to the WAN or the NBG318S. DESCRIPTION Echo Reply Echo reply message Destination Unreachable Net unreachable Host unreachable Protocol unreachable Port unreachable A packet that needed fragmentation was dropped because it was set to Don't Fragment (DF) Source route failed Source Quench A gateway may discard internet datagrams if it does not have the buffer space needed to queue the datagrams for output to the next network on the route to the destination network. Redirect Redirect datagrams for the Network Redirect datagrams for the Host 3 4 5 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 0 1 200 NBG318S Users Guide Chapter 19 Logs 0 8 11 0 1 CODE 2 3 Table 87 ICMP Notes (continued) TYPE DESCRIPTION Redirect datagrams for the Type of Service and Network Redirect datagrams for the Type of Service and Host Echo Echo message Time Exceeded Time to live exceeded in transit Fragment reassembly time exceeded Parameter Problem Pointer indicates the error Timestamp Timestamp request message Timestamp Reply Timestamp reply message Information Request Information request message Information Reply Information reply message 12 13 14 15 16 0 0 0 0 0 Table 88 Syslog Logs LOG MESSAGE

<Facility*8 + Severity>Mon dd hr:mm:ss hostname src="<srcIP:srcPort>"

dst="<dstIP:dstPort>"

msg="<msg>" note="<note>"

devID="<mac address last three numbers>" cat="<category>

DESCRIPTION

"This message is sent by the system ("RAS" displays as the system name if you havent configured one) when the router generates a syslog. The facility is defined in the web MAIN MENU->LOGS->Log Settings page. The severity is the logs syslog class. The definition of messages and notes are defined in the various log charts throughout this appendix. The devID is the last three characters of the MAC address of the routers LAN port. The cat is the same as the category in the routers logs. The following table shows RFC-2408 ISAKMP payload types that the log displays. Please refer to the RFC for detailed information on each type. Table 89 RFC-2408 ISAKMP Payload Types LOG DISPLAY SA PROP TRANS KE ID CER CER_REQ HASH PAYLOAD TYPE Security Association Proposal Transform Key Exchange Identification Certificate Certificate Request Hash NBG318S Users Guide 201 Chapter 19 Logs Table 89 RFC-2408 ISAKMP Payload Types (continued) LOG DISPLAY SIG NONCE NOTFY DEL VID PAYLOAD TYPE Signature Nonce Notification Delete Vendor ID 202 NBG318S Users Guide CHAPTER 20 Tools This chapter shows you how to upload a new firmware, upload or save backup configuration files and restart the NBG318S. 20.1 Firmware Upload Screen Find firmware at www.zyxel.com in a file that (usually) uses the system model name with a

"*.bin" extension, e.g., NBG318S.bin". The upload process uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and may take up to two minutes. After a successful upload, the system will reboot. See the Firmware and Configuration File Maintenance chapter for upgrading firmware using FTP/TFTP commands. Click Maintenance > Tools. Follow the instructions in this screen to upload firmware to your NBG318S. Figure 115 Maintenance > Tools > Firmware The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 90 Maintenance > Tools > Firmware LABEL File Path DESCRIPTION Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Browse... to find it. Click Browse... to find the .bin file you want to upload. Remember that you must decompress compressed (.zip) files before you can upload them. Click Upload to begin the upload process. This process may take up to two minutes. Browse... Upload

Do not turn off the NBG318S while firmware upload is in progress!

NBG318S Users Guide 203 Chapter 20 Tools After you see the Firmware Upload In Process screen, wait two minutes before logging into the NBG318S again. Figure 116 Upload Warning The NBG318S automatically restarts in this time causing a temporary network disconnect. In some operating systems, you may see the following icon on your desktop. Figure 117 Network Temporarily Disconnected After two minutes, log in again and check your new firmware version in the Status screen. If the upload was not successful, the following screen will appear. Click Return to go back to the Firmware screen. Figure 118 Upload Error Message 20.2 Configuration Screen See the Firmware and Configuration File Maintenance chapter for transferring configuration files using FTP/TFTP commands. Click Maintenance > Tools > Configuration. Information related to factory defaults, backup configuration, and restoring configuration appears as shown next. 204 NBG318S Users Guide Figure 119 Maintenance > Tools > Configuration Chapter 20 Tools 20.2.1 Backup Configuration Backup configuration allows you to back up (save) the NBG318Ss current configuration to a file on your computer. Once your NBG318S is configured and functioning properly, it is highly recommended that you back up your configuration file before making configuration changes. The backup configuration file will be useful in case you need to return to your previous settings. Click Backup to save the NBG318Ss current configuration to your computer. 20.2.2 Restore Configuration Restore configuration allows you to upload a new or previously saved configuration file from your computer to your NBG318S. Table 91 Maintenance Restore Configuration LABEL File Path DESCRIPTION Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Browse... to find it. Click Browse... to find the file you want to upload. Remember that you must decompress compressed (.ZIP) files before you can upload them. Click Upload to begin the upload process. Browse... Upload

Do not turn off the NBG318S while configuration file upload is in progress After you see a configuration upload successful screen, you must then wait one minute before logging into the NBG318S again. NBG318S Users Guide 205 Chapter 20 Tools Figure 120 Configuration Restore Successful The NBG318S automatically restarts in this time causing a temporary network disconnect. In some operating systems, you may see the following icon on your desktop. Figure 121 Temporarily Disconnected If you uploaded the default configuration file you may need to change the IP address of your computer to be in the same subnet as that of the default NBG318S IP address (192.168.1.1). See your Quick Start Guide for details on how to set up your computers IP address. If the upload was not successful, the following screen will appear. Click Return to go back to the Configuration screen. Figure 122 Configuration Restore Error 20.2.3 Back to Factory Defaults Pressing the Reset button in this section clears all user-entered configuration information and returns the NBG318S to its factory defaults. You can also press the RESET button on the rear panel to reset the factory defaults of your NBG318S. Refer to the chapter about introducing the web configurator for more information on the RESET button. 20.3 Restart Screen System restart allows you to reboot the NBG318S without turning the power off. 206 NBG318S Users Guide Click Maintenance > Tools > Restart. Click Restart to have the NBG318S reboot. This does not affect the NBG318S's configuration. Figure 123 Maintenance > Tools > Restart Chapter 20 Tools NBG318S Users Guide 207 Chapter 20 Tools 208 NBG318S Users Guide CHAPTER 21 Configuration Mode Click Maintenance > Config Mode to open the following screen. This screen allows you to hide or display the advanced screens of some features or the advanced features, such as MAC filter or static route. Basic is selected by default and you cannot see the advanced screens or features. If you want to view and configure all screens including the advanced ones, select Advanced and click Apply. Figure 124 Maintenance > Config Mode > General The following table describes the labels in the screen. Table 92 Maintenance > Config Mode > General DESCRIPTION LABEL Configuration Mode Basic Select Basic mode to enable or disable features and to monitor the status of your device. Select Advanced mode to set advanced settings. Click on this to set the mode. Click on this to reset your selection to the default (Advanced). Advanced Apply Reset The following table includes the screens that you can view and configure only when you select Advanced. NBG318S Users Guide 209 Chapter 21 Configuration Mode Table 93 Advanced Configuration Options CATEGORY Network LINK Wireless LAN Security Management WAN LAN DHCP Server NAT Firewall Content Filter Static Route Bandwidth MGMT Remote MGMT Maintenance Logs TAB MAC Filter Advanced QoS Advanced IP Alias Advanced Advanced Advanced Services Schedule IP Static Route Advanced Monitor Telnet FTP DNS Log Settings 210 NBG318S Users Guide CHAPTER 22 Sys Op Mode 22.1 Selecting System Operation Mode Use this screen to select how you connect to the Internet. Figure 125 Maintenance > Sys OP Mode > General The figure below shows devices connecting to the Internet through a DSL connection. Select Router(Ethernet WAN) in the screen if you connect to the Internet as shown in diagram. Figure 126 System Operation Mode: Ethernet WAN The figure below shows a network connecting to the Internet through a HomePlug connection. Select Router(HomePlug WAN) in the screen if you connect to the Internet as shown in the diagram. NBG318S Users Guide 211 Chapter 22 Sys Op Mode Figure 127 System Operation Mode: HomePlug WAN The following table describes the labels in the screen. Table 94 Maintenance > Sys OP Mode > General DESCRIPTION LABEL System Operation Mode Router

(Ethernet WAN) Router

(HomePlug WAN) Apply Reset Select this option if you connect to the Internet through a DSL or cable connection. In this mode three of the four ports are LAN ports, the other is a WAN port. Select this option if you connect to the Internet through a DSL or cable modem connected to your HomePlug AV network. In this mode all four of your ports operate as LAN ports. Click this button to apply your settings. Click this button to reset your settings to the default (Ethernet WAN)

If you select the incorrect System Operation Mode you cannot connect to the Internet. 212 NBG318S Users Guide CHAPTER 23 Troubleshooting This chapter offers some suggestions to solve problems you might encounter. The potential problems are divided into the following categories. Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs NBG318S Access and Login Internet Access Resetting the NBG318S to Its Factory Defaults Wireless Router/AP Troubleshooting HomePlug AV Troubleshooting Advanced Features 23.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs

The NBG318S does not turn on. None of the LEDs turn on. 1 Make sure you are using the power adaptor or cord included with the NBG318S. 2 Make sure the power adaptor or cord is connected to the NBG318S and plugged in to an appropriate power source. Make sure the power source is turned on. 3 Disconnect and re-connect the power adaptor or cord to the NBG318S. 4 If the problem continues, contact the vendor.

One of the LEDs does not behave as expected. 1 Make sure you understand the normal behavior of the LED. See Section 1.4 on page 33. 2 Check the hardware connections. See the Quick Start Guide. 3 Inspect your cables for damage. Contact the vendor to replace any damaged cables. 4 Disconnect and re-connect the power adaptor to the NBG318S. 5 If the problem continues, contact the vendor. NBG318S Users Guide 213 Chapter 23 Troubleshooting 23.2 NBG318S Access and Login

I forgot the IP address for the NBG318S. 1 The default IP address is 192.168.1.1. 2 If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, you might get the IP address of the NBG318S by looking up the IP address of the default gateway for your computer. To do this in most Windows computers, click Start > Run, enter cmd, and then enter ipconfig. The IP address of the Default Gateway might be the IP address of the NBG318S (it depends on the network), so enter this IP address in your Internet browser. 3 If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See Section 23.4 on page 217.

I forgot the password. 1 The default password is 1234. 2 If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See Section 23.4 on page 217.

I cannot see or access the Login screen in the web configurator. 1 Make sure you are using the correct IP address. The default IP address is 192.168.1.1. If you changed the IP address (Section 7.3 on page 106), use the new IP address. If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, see the troubleshooting suggestions for I forgot the IP address for the NBG318S. 2 Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick Start Guide. 3 Make sure your Internet browser does not block pop-up windows and has JavaScripts and Java enabled. See Appendix B on page 229. 4 Make sure your computer is in the same subnet as the NBG318S. (If you know that there are routers between your computer and the NBG318S, skip this step.) If there is a DHCP server on your network, make sure your computer is using a dynamic IP address. See Section 7.3 on page 106. Your NBG318S is a DHCP server by default. If there is no DHCP server on your network, make sure your computers IP address is in the same subnet as the NBG318S. See Section 7.3 on page 106. 5 Reset the device to its factory defaults, and try to access the NBG318S with the default IP address. See Section 7.3 on page 106. 214 NBG318S Users Guide Chapter 23 Troubleshooting 6 If the problem continues, contact the network administrator or vendor, or try one of the advanced suggestions. Advanced Suggestions Try to access the NBG318S using another service, such as Telnet. If you can access the NBG318S, check the remote management settings and firewall rules to find out why the NBG318S does not respond to HTTP. If your computer is connected to the WAN port or is connected wirelessly, use a computer that is connected to a LAN/ETHERNET port.

I can see the Login screen, but I cannot log in to the NBG318S. 1 Make sure you have entered the password correctly. The default password is 1234. This field is case-sensitive, so make sure [Caps Lock] is not on. 2 You cannot log in to the web configurator while someone is using Telnet to access the NBG318S. Log out of the NBG318S in the other session, or ask the person who is logged in to log out. 3 Disconnect and re-connect the power adaptor or cord to the NBG318S. 4 If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See Section 23.4 on page 217.

I cannot Telnet to the NBG318S. See the troubleshooting suggestions for I cannot see or access the Login screen in the web configurator. Ignore the suggestions about your browser.

I cannot use FTP to upload / download the configuration file. / I cannot use FTP to upload new firmware. See the troubleshooting suggestions for I cannot see or access the Login screen in the web configurator. Ignore the suggestions about your browser. 23.3 Internet Access

I cannot access the Internet. NBG318S Users Guide 215 Chapter 23 Troubleshooting 1 Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick Start Guide. 2 Make sure you entered your ISP account information correctly in the wizard. These fields are case-sensitive, so make sure [Caps Lock] is not on. 3 If you are trying to access the Internet wirelessly, make sure the wireless settings in the wireless client are the same as the settings in the AP. 4 Disconnect all the cables from your device, and follow the directions in the Quick Start Guide again. 5 Go to Maintenance > Sys OP Mode > General. Check your System Operation Mode setting. Select Router (Ethernet WAN) if your network is configured to access the Internet through an Ethernet connection to a DSL or cable modem. Select Router (HomePlug WAN) if your network is configured to access the Internet through a HomePlug connection. 6 If the problem continues, contact your ISP.

I cannot access the Internet anymore. I had access to the Internet (with the NBG318S), but my Internet connection is not available anymore. 1 Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick Start Guide and Section 1.4 on page 33. 2 Reboot the NBG318S. 3 If the problem continues, contact your ISP.

The Internet connection is slow or intermittent. 1 There might be a lot of traffic on the network. Look at the LEDs, and check Section 1.4 on page 33. If the NBG318S is sending or receiving a lot of information, try closing some programs that use the Internet, especially peer-to-peer applications. 2 Check the signal strength. If the signal strength is low, try moving the NBG318S closer to the AP if possible, and look around to see if there are any devices that might be interfering with the wireless network (for example, microwaves, other wireless networks, and so on). 3 Reboot the NBG318S. 4 If the problem continues, contact the network administrator or vendor, or try one of the advanced suggestions. Advanced Suggestions Check the settings for bandwidth management. If it is disabled, you might consider activating it. If it is enabled, you might consider changing the allocations. Check the settings for QoS. If it is disabled, you might consider activating it. If it is enabled, you might consider raising or lowering the priority for some applications. 216 NBG318S Users Guide Chapter 23 Troubleshooting 23.4 Resetting the NBG318S to Its Factory Defaults If you reset the NBG318S, you lose all of the changes you have made. The NBG318S re-loads its default settings, and the password resets to 1234. You have to make all of your changes again.

You will lose all of your changes when you push the RESET button. To reset the NBG318S, 1 Make sure the PWR LED is on and not blinking. 2 Press and hold the RESET button for five to ten seconds. Release the RESET button when the PWR LED begins to blink. The default settings have been restored. If the NBG318S restarts automatically, wait for the NBG318S to finish restarting, and log in to the web configurator. The password is 1234. If the NBG318S does not restart automatically, disconnect and reconnect the NBG318Ss power. Then, follow the directions above again. 23.5 Wireless Router/AP Troubleshooting

I cannot access the NBG318S or ping any computer from the WLAN (wireless AP or router). 1 Make sure the wireless LAN is enabled on the NBG318S 2 Make sure the wireless adapter on the wireless station is working properly. 3 Make sure the wireless adapter installed on your computer is IEEE 802.11 compatible and supports the same wireless standard as the NBG318S. 4 Make sure your computer (with a wireless adapter installed) is within the transmission 5 Check that both the NBG318S and your wireless station are using the same wireless and 6 Make sure traffic between the WLAN and the LAN is not blocked by the firewall on the range of the NBG318S. wireless security settings. NBG318S. 7 Make sure you allow the NBG318S to be remotely accessed through the WLAN interface. Check your remote management settings. See the chapter on Wireless LAN in the Users Guide for more information. NBG318S Users Guide 217 Chapter 23 Troubleshooting 23.6 HomePlug AV Troubleshooting

I cannot start my power line device. Check your power supply is working. Power line adapters operate from the power supplied by your home wiring and cannot operate without a working power supply. Remove the power line adapter from the outlet. Then connect an electrical device that you know works into the same power outlet. This checks the status of the power outlet.

I cannot access my power line network. 1 Make sure that the network password is the same on all the power line adapters in your network. 2 Check the DAK and MAC address for all power line adapters are typed correctly. 3 Make sure that all your power line adapters are HomePlug AV. Check the package it came in or ask your vendor. This NBG318S can not detect earlier versions of HomePlug power line adapters such as HomePlug 1.0 or 1.0.1. (Although they can coexist on the same electrical wiring without interfering with each other.) 4 Make sure that the devices on your network are all on the same electrical wiring. Connect another power line adapter into an outlet close to your NBG318Ss power outlet. They are probably now on the same electrical wiring. Check the Link LED. If it now lights up your power line adapter was probably previously on separate electrical wiring. Ask an electrician for more information on the electrical wiring in your building. 5 Check you do not have a power meter between power line adapters. Power line signals cannot pass this.

The signal on my power line network may be weak for the following reasons. 1 Your power line adapters may be connected to electrical surge protectors. Connect them to standard power outlets. 2 Your power line adapters may be located close to large appliances such as refrigerators or air-conditioners that cause interference with the power line signal. Move the adapters further away from such appliances to reduce interference. 3 Your power line adapters may be placed close to electrical devices such as electrical insect-killers which produce radio waves. These may interfere with the power line signals. Move the adapters further away from such electrical devices. 4 Your wiring may be old and/or low quality or with a long wiring path. 218 NBG318S Users Guide Chapter 23 Troubleshooting 23.7 Advanced Features

I can log in, but I cannot see some of the screens or fields in the Web Configurator. You may be accessing the Web Configurator in Basic mode. Some screens and fields are available only in Advanced mode. Use the Maintenance > Config Mode screen to select Advanced mode.

I set up URL keyword blocking, but I can still access a Web site that should be blocked. Make sure that you select the Enable URL Keyword Blocking check box in the Content Filtering screen. Make sure that the keywords that you type are listed in the Keyword List. If a keyword that is listed in the Keyword List is not blocked when it is found in a URL, customize the keyword blocking using commands. See the Customizing Keyword Blocking URL Checking section in the Content Filter chapter. NBG318S Users Guide 219 Chapter 23 Troubleshooting 220 NBG318S Users Guide PART VI Appendices and Index Product Specifications and Wall-Mounting Instructions (223) Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions (229) IP Addresses and Subnetting (235) Setting up Your Computers IP Address (243) Wireless LANs (259) Services (271) Legal Information (275) Customer Support (279) Index (283) 221 222 Appendix A Product Specifications and Wall-Mounting Instructions APPENDIX A Product Specifications and Wall-Mounting Instructions The following tables summarize the NBG318Ss hardware and firmware features. Table 95 Hardware Features Dimensions (W x D x H) 190 x 128 x 33 mm Power Specification Ethernet ports 120~240 VAC, 50/60 Hz Auto-negotiating:

This auto-negotiation feature allows the NBG318S to detect the speed of incoming transmissions and adjust appropriately without manual intervention. It allows data transfer of either 10 Mbps or 100 Mbps in either half-duplex or full-duplex mode depending on your Ethernet network. Auto-crossover:

Use either crossover or straight-through Ethernet cables. A combination of switch and router makes your NBG318S a cost-effective and viable network solution. You can add up to three computers to the NBG318S without the cost of a hub when connecting to the Internet through the WAN port. You can add up to four computers to the NBG318S when you connect to the Internet through a HomePlug connection. Add more than four computers to your LAN by using a hub. The reset button is built into the rear panel. Use this button to restore the NBG318S to its factory default settings. Press for 1 second to restart the device. Press for 5 seconds to restore to factory default settings. The NBG318S is equipped with a 2dBi detachable antenna to provide clear radio transmission and reception on the wireless network. 0 C ~ 40 C

-20 C ~ 60 C 20% ~ 90% RH (Non-condensing) 20% ~ 90% RH (Non-condensing) 125 mm 3-4 Port Switch Reset Button Antenna Operation Temperature Storage Temperature Operation Humidity Storage Humidity Distance between the centers of the holes on the devices back. Screw size for wall-

mounting M4 NBG318S Users Guide 223 Appendix A Product Specifications and Wall-Mounting Instructions Table 96 Firmware Features FEATURE Default IP Address Default Subnet Mask Default Password DHCP Pool Device Management Wireless Functionality Powerline Functionality Firmware Upgrade Configuration Backup &

Restoration Network Address Translation (NAT) Firewall Content Filter DESCRIPTION 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 (24 bits) 1234 192.168.1.33 to 192.168.1.64 Use the web configurator to easily configure the rich range of features on the NBG318S. Allows IEEE 802.11b and/or IEEE 802.11g wireless clients to connect to the NBG318S wirelessly. IEEE 802.11g clients can connect using the super G function. Enable wireless security (WEP, WPA(2), WPA(2)-

PSK) and/or MAC filtering to protect your wireless network. Note: The NBG318S may be prone to RF (Radio Frequency) interference from other 2.4 GHz devices such as microwave ovens, wireless phones, Bluetooth enabled devices, and other wireless LANs. The HomePlug AV standard specifies how network devices communicate using standard electrical wiring. It supports a data transfer rate of up to 200Mbps. Data is encrypted using 128-bit AES (Advanced Encryption Standard). HomePlug AV compatible devices co-exist with HomePlug 1.0 devices but do not detect each other. The range of a HomePlug AV network is 300 meters/984 feet in optimal conditions. HomePlug AV is compatible with all OSs Maximum number of powerline devices on a single network is 16. Download new firmware (when available) from the ZyXEL web site and use the web configurator, an FTP or a TFTP tool to put it on the NBG318S. Note: Only upload firmware for your specific model!

Make a copy of the NBG318Ss configuration and put it back on the NBG318S later if you decide you want to revert back to an earlier configuration. Each computer on your network must have its own unique IP address. Use NAT to convert a single public IP address to multiple private IP addresses for the computers on your network. You can configure firewall on the ZyXEL Device for secure Internet access. When the firewall is on, by default, all incoming traffic from the Internet to your network is blocked unless it is initiated from your network. This means that probes from the outside to your network are not allowed, but you can safely browse the Internet and download files for example. The NBG318S blocks or allows access to web sites that you specify and blocks access to web sites with URLs that contain keywords that you specify. You can define time periods and days during which content filtering is enabled. You can also include or exclude particular computers on your network from content filtering. You can also subscribe to category-based content filtering that allows your NBG318S to check web sites against an external database. 224 NBG318S Users Guide Appendix A Product Specifications and Wall-Mounting Instructions Table 96 Firmware Features FEATURE Bandwidth Management DESCRIPTION You can efficiently manage traffic on your network by reserving bandwidth and giving priority to certain types of traffic and/or to particular computers. Get the current time and date from an external server when you turn on your NBG318S. You can also set the time manually. These dates and times are then used in logs. If you have a server (mail or web server for example) on your network, then use this feature to let people access it from the Internet. Use this feature to have the NBG318S assign IP addresses, an IP default gateway and DNS servers to computers on your network. With Dynamic DNS (Domain Name System) support, you can use a fixed URL, www.zyxel.com for example, with a dynamic IP address. You must register for this service with a Dynamic DNS service provider. IP Multicast is used to send traffic to a specific group of computers. The NBG318S supports versions 1 and 2 of IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) used to join multicast groups (see RFC 2236). IP Alias allows you to subdivide a physical network into logical networks over the same Ethernet interface with the NBG318S itself as the gateway for each subnet. Use packet tracing and logs for troubleshooting. You can send logs from the NBG318S to an external UNIX syslog server. PPPoE mimics a dial-up over Ethernet Internet access connection. Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) enables secure transfer of data through a Virtual Private Network (VPN). The NBG318S supports one PPTP connection at a time. The NBG318S can communicate with other UPnP enabled devices in a network. Time and Date Port Forwarding DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) Dynamic DNS Support IP Multicast IP Alias Logging and Tracing PPPoE PPTP Encapsulation Universal Plug and Play

(UPnP) The following list, which is not exhaustive, illustrates the standards supported in the NBG318S. Table 97 Standards Supported STANDARD RFC 867 RFC 868 RFC 1112 RFC 1305 RFC 1631 RFC 1661 RFC 2236 RFC 2516 RFC 2766 IEEE 802.11 DESCRIPTION Daytime Protocol Time Protocol. IGMP v1 Network Time Protocol (NTP version 3) IP Network Address Translator (NAT) The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 2. A Method for Transmitting PPP Over Ethernet (PPPoE) Network Address Translation - Protocol Also known by the brand Wi-Fi, denotes a set of Wireless LAN/WLAN standards developed by working group 11 of the IEEE LAN/MAN Standards Committee (IEEE 802). Uses the 2.4 gigahertz (GHz) band IEEE 802.11b NBG318S Users Guide 225 Appendix A Product Specifications and Wall-Mounting Instructions Table 97 Standards Supported (continued) STANDARD IEEE 802.11g IEEE 802.11d DESCRIPTION Uses the 2.4 gigahertz (GHz) band Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks: Media Access Control (MAC) Bridges Port Based Network Access Control. IEEE 802.11 e Wireless LAN for Quality of Service MS PPTP (Microsoft's implementation of Point to Point Tunneling Protocol) IEEE 802.11x IEEE 802.11e QoS Microsoft PPTP Wall-mounting Instructions Do the following to hang your NBG318S on a wall.

See the product specifications appendix for the size of screws to use and how far apart to place them. 1 Locate a high position on a wall that is free of obstructions. Use a sturdy wall. 2 Drill two holes for the screws. Make sure the distance between the centers of the holes matches what is listed in the product specifications appendix.

Be careful to avoid damaging pipes or cables located inside the wall when drilling holes for the screws. 3 Do not screw the screws all the way into the wall. Leave a small gap of about 0.5 cm between the heads of the screws and the wall. 4 Make sure the screws are snugly fastened to the wall. They need to hold the weight of the NBG318S with the connection cables. 5 Align the holes on the back of the NBG318S with the screws on the wall. Hang the NBG318S on the screws. 226 NBG318S Users Guide Appendix A Product Specifications and Wall-Mounting Instructions Figure 128 Wall-mounting Example The following are dimensions of an M4 tap screw and masonry plug used for wall mounting. All measurements are in millimeters (mm). Figure 129 Masonry Plug and M4 Tap Screw NBG318S Users Guide 227 Appendix A Product Specifications and Wall-Mounting Instructions 228 NBG318S Users Guide B APPENDIX Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions In order to use the web configurator you need to allow:

Web browser pop-up windows from your device. JavaScripts (enabled by default). Java permissions (enabled by default).

Internet Explorer 6 screens are used here. Screens for other Internet Explorer versions may vary. Internet Explorer Pop-up Blockers You may have to disable pop-up blocking to log into your device. Either disable pop-up blocking (enabled by default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2) or allow pop-up blocking and create an exception for your devices IP address. Disable pop-up Blockers 1 In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Pop-up Blocker and then select Turn Off Pop-up Blocker. Figure 130 Pop-up Blocker You can also check if pop-up blocking is disabled in the Pop-up Blocker section in the Privacy tab. 1 In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Internet Options, Privacy. NBG318S Users Guide 229 Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions 2 Clear the Block pop-ups check box in the Pop-up Blocker section of the screen. This disables any web pop-up blockers you may have enabled. Figure 131 Internet Options: Privacy 3 Click Apply to save this setting. Enable pop-up Blockers with Exceptions Alternatively, if you only want to allow pop-up windows from your device, see the following steps. 1 In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Internet Options and then the Privacy tab. 2 Select Settingsto open the Pop-up Blocker Settings screen. 230 NBG318S Users Guide

Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions Figure 132 Internet Options: Privacy 3 Type the IP address of your device (the web page that you do not want to have blocked) with the prefix http://. For example, http://192.168.167.1. 4 Click Add to move the IP address to the list of Allowed sites. Figure 133 Pop-up Blocker Settings NBG318S Users Guide 231 Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions 5 Click Close to return to the Privacy screen. 6 Click Apply to save this setting. JavaScripts If pages of the web configurator do not display properly in Internet Explorer, check that JavaScripts are allowed. 1 In Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security tab. Figure 134 Internet Options: Security 2 Click the Custom Level... button. 3 Scroll down to Scripting. 4 Under Active scripting make sure that Enable is selected (the default). 5 Under Scripting of Java applets make sure that Enable is selected (the default). 6 Click OK to close the window. 232 NBG318S Users Guide Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions Figure 135 Security Settings - Java Scripting Java Permissions 1 From Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security tab. 2 Click the Custom Level... button. 3 Scroll down to Microsoft VM. 4 Under Java permissions make sure that a safety level is selected. 5 Click OK to close the window. Figure 136 Security Settings - Java NBG318S Users Guide 233 Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions JAVA (Sun) 1 From Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Advanced tab. 2 Make sure that Use Java 2 for <applet> under Java (Sun) is selected. 3 Click OK to close the window. Figure 137 Java (Sun) 234 NBG318S Users Guide APPENDIX C IP Addresses and Subnetting This appendix introduces IP addresses and subnet masks. IP addresses identify individual devices on a network. Every networking device (including computers, servers, routers, printers, etc.) needs an IP address to communicate across the network. These networking devices are also known as hosts. Subnet masks determine the maximum number of possible hosts on a network. You can also use subnet masks to divide one network into multiple sub-networks. Introduction to IP Addresses One part of the IP address is the network number, and the other part is the host ID. In the same way that houses on a street share a common street name, the hosts on a network share a common network number. Similarly, as each house has its own house number, each host on the network has its own unique identifying number - the host ID. Routers use the network number to send packets to the correct network, while the host ID determines to which host on the network the packets are delivered. Structure An IP address is made up of four parts, written in dotted decimal notation (for example, 192.168.1.1). Each of these four parts is known as an octet. An octet is an eight-digit binary number (for example 11000000, which is 192 in decimal notation). Therefore, each octet has a possible range of 00000000 to 11111111 in binary, or 0 to 255 in decimal. The following figure shows an example IP address in which the first three octets (192.168.1) are the network number, and the fourth octet (16) is the host ID. NBG318S Users Guide 235 Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting Figure 138 Network Number and Host ID How much of the IP address is the network number and how much is the host ID varies according to the subnet mask. Subnet Masks A subnet mask is used to determine which bits are part of the network number, and which bits are part of the host ID (using a logical AND operation). The term subnet is short for sub-

network. A subnet mask has 32 bits. If a bit in the subnet mask is a 1 then the corresponding bit in the IP address is part of the network number. If a bit in the subnet mask is 0 then the corresponding bit in the IP address is part of the host ID. The following example shows a subnet mask identifying the network number (in bold text) and host ID of an IP address (192.168.1.2 in decimal). Table 98 Subnet Mask - Identifying Network Number IP Address (Binary) Subnet Mask (Binary) Network Number Host ID 1ST OCTET:

(192) 11000000 11111111 11000000 2ND OCTET:

(168) 10101000 11111111 10101000 3RD OCTET:

(1) 00000001 11111111 00000001 4TH OCTET

(2) 00000010 00000000 00000010 By convention, subnet masks always consist of a continuous sequence of ones beginning from the leftmost bit of the mask, followed by a continuous sequence of zeros, for a total number of 32 bits. Subnet masks can be referred to by the size of the network number part (the bits with a 1 value). For example, an 8-bit mask means that the first 8 bits of the mask are ones and the remaining 24 bits are zeroes. 236 NBG318S Users Guide Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting Subnet masks are expressed in dotted decimal notation just like IP addresses. The following examples show the binary and decimal notation for 8-bit, 16-bit, 24-bit and 29-bit subnet masks. Table 99 Subnet Masks BINARY 1ST OCTET 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 8-bit mask 16-bit mask 24-bit mask 29-bit mask 2ND OCTET 00000000 11111111 11111111 11111111 3RD OCTET 00000000 00000000 11111111 11111111 4TH OCTET DECIMAL 00000000 00000000 00000000 11111000 255.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.248 Network Size The size of the network number determines the maximum number of possible hosts you can have on your network. The larger the number of network number bits, the smaller the number of remaining host ID bits. An IP address with host IDs of all zeros is the IP address of the network (192.168.1.0 with a 24-bit subnet mask, for example). An IP address with host IDs of all ones is the broadcast address for that network (192.168.1.255 with a 24-bit subnet mask, for example). As these two IP addresses cannot be used for individual hosts, calculate the maximum number of possible hosts in a network as follows:

Table 100 Maximum Host Numbers SUBNET MASK 8 bits 16 bits 24 bits 29 bits HOST ID SIZE 24 bits 255.0.0.0 16 bits 255.255.0.0 255.255.255.0 8 bits 255.255.255.248 3 bits MAXIMUM NUMBER OF HOSTS 16777214 65534 254 6 224 2 216 2 28 2 23 2 Notation Since the mask is always a continuous number of ones beginning from the left, followed by a continuous number of zeros for the remainder of the 32 bit mask, you can simply specify the number of ones instead of writing the value of each octet. This is usually specified by writing a / followed by the number of bits in the mask after the address. For example, 192.1.1.0 /25 is equivalent to saying 192.1.1.0 with subnet mask 255.255.255.128. The following table shows some possible subnet masks using both notations. Table 101 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation SUBNET MASK 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.128 ALTERNATIVE NOTATION

/24

/25 LAST OCTET

(BINARY) 0000 0000 1000 0000 LAST OCTET

(DECIMAL) 0 128 NBG318S Users Guide 237 Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting Table 101 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation (continued) SUBNET MASK 255.255.255.192 255.255.255.224 255.255.255.240 255.255.255.248 255.255.255.252 ALTERNATIVE NOTATION

/26

/27

/28

/29

/30 LAST OCTET

(BINARY) 1100 0000 1110 0000 1111 0000 1111 1000 1111 1100 LAST OCTET

(DECIMAL) 192 224 240 248 252 Subnetting You can use subnetting to divide one network into multiple sub-networks. In the following example a network administrator creates two sub-networks to isolate a group of servers from the rest of the company network for security reasons. In this example, the company network address is 192.168.1.0. The first three octets of the address (192.168.1) are the network number, and the remaining octet is the host ID, allowing a maximum of 28 2 or 254 possible hosts. The following figure shows the company network before subnetting. Figure 139 Subnetting Example: Before Subnetting You can borrow one of the host ID bits to divide the network 192.168.1.0 into two separate sub-networks. The subnet mask is now 25 bits (255.255.255.128 or /25). The borrowed host ID bit can have a value of either 0 or 1, allowing two subnets;

192.168.1.0 /25 and 192.168.1.128 /25. The following figure shows the company network after subnetting. There are now two sub-

networks, A and B. 238 NBG318S Users Guide Figure 140 Subnetting Example: After Subnetting Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting In a 25-bit subnet the host ID has 7 bits, so each sub-network has a maximum of 27 2 or 126 possible hosts (a host ID of all zeroes is the subnets address itself, all ones is the subnets broadcast address). 192.168.1.0 with mask 255.255.255.128 is subnet A itself, and 192.168.1.127 with mask 255.255.255.128 is its broadcast address. Therefore, the lowest IP address that can be assigned to an actual host for subnet A is 192.168.1.1 and the highest is 192.168.1.126. Similarly, the host ID range for subnet B is 192.168.1.129 to 192.168.1.254. Example: Four Subnets The previous example illustrated using a 25-bit subnet mask to divide a 24-bit address into two subnets. Similarly, to divide a 24-bit address into four subnets, you need to borrow two host ID bits to give four possible combinations (00, 01, 10 and 11). The subnet mask is 26 bits

(11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000) or 255.255.255.192. Each subnet contains 6 host ID bits, giving 26 - 2 or 62 hosts for each subnet (a host ID of all zeroes is the subnet itself, all ones is the subnets broadcast address). Table 102 Subnet 1 IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER IP Address (Decimal) IP Address (Binary) Subnet Mask (Binary) Subnet Address:

192.168.1.0 Broadcast Address:

192.168.1.63 192.168.1. 11000000.10101000.00000001. 11111111.11111111.11111111. Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.1 Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.62 LAST OCTET BIT VALUE 0 00000000 11000000 NBG318S Users Guide 239 Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting Table 103 Subnet 2 IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER IP Address IP Address (Binary) Subnet Mask (Binary) Subnet Address:

192.168.1.64 Broadcast Address:

192.168.1.127 Table 104 Subnet 3 192.168.1. 11000000.10101000.00000001. 11111111.11111111.11111111. Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.65 Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.126 IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER IP Address IP Address (Binary) Subnet Mask (Binary) Subnet Address:

192.168.1.128 Broadcast Address:

192.168.1.191 Table 105 Subnet 4 192.168.1. 11000000.10101000.00000001. 11111111.11111111.11111111. Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.129 Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.190 IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER IP Address IP Address (Binary) Subnet Mask (Binary) Subnet Address:

192.168.1.192 Broadcast Address:

192.168.1.255 192.168.1. 11000000.10101000.00000001. 11111111.11111111.11111111. Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.193 Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.254 LAST OCTET BIT VALUE 64 01000000 11000000 LAST OCTET BIT VALUE 128 10000000 11000000 LAST OCTET BIT VALUE 192 11000000 11000000 Example: Eight Subnets Similarly, use a 27-bit mask to create eight subnets (000, 001, 010, 011, 100, 101, 110 and 111). The following table shows IP address last octet values for each subnet. Table 106 Eight Subnets SUBNET 1 2 3 4 SUBNET ADDRESS 0 32 64 96 FIRST ADDRESS 1 33 65 97 LAST ADDRESS 30 62 94 126 BROADCAST ADDRESS 31 63 95 127 240 NBG318S Users Guide Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting Table 106 Eight Subnets (continued) SUBNET 5 6 7 8 SUBNET ADDRESS 128 160 192 224 FIRST ADDRESS 129 161 193 225 LAST ADDRESS 158 190 222 254 BROADCAST ADDRESS 159 191 223 255 Subnet Planning SUBNET MASK The following table is a summary for subnet planning on a network with a 24-bit network number. Table 107 24-bit Network Number Subnet Planning NO. BORROWED HOST BITS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 NO. HOSTS PER SUBNET 126 62 30 14 6 2 1 255.255.255.128 (/25) 255.255.255.192 (/26) 255.255.255.224 (/27) 255.255.255.240 (/28) 255.255.255.248 (/29) 255.255.255.252 (/30) 255.255.255.254 (/31) 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 NO. SUBNETS NO. SUBNETS SUBNET MASK The following table is a summary for subnet planning on a network with a 16-bit network number. Table 108 16-bit Network Number Subnet Planning NO. BORROWED HOST BITS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 255.255.128.0 (/17) 255.255.192.0 (/18) 255.255.224.0 (/19) 255.255.240.0 (/20) 255.255.248.0 (/21) 255.255.252.0 (/22) 255.255.254.0 (/23) 255.255.255.0 (/24) 255.255.255.128 (/25) 255.255.255.192 (/26) 255.255.255.224 (/27) 255.255.255.240 (/28) 255.255.255.248 (/29) NO. HOSTS PER SUBNET 32766 16382 8190 4094 2046 1022 510 254 126 62 30 14 6 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 4096 8192 NBG318S Users Guide 241 Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting Table 108 16-bit Network Number Subnet Planning (continued) NO. BORROWED HOST BITS 14 15 255.255.255.252 (/30) 255.255.255.254 (/31) SUBNET MASK 16384 32768 NO. SUBNETS NO. HOSTS PER SUBNET 2 1 Configuring IP Addresses Where you obtain your network number depends on your particular situation. If the ISP or your network administrator assigns you a block of registered IP addresses, follow their instructions in selecting the IP addresses and the subnet mask. If the ISP did not explicitly give you an IP network number, then most likely you have a single user account and the ISP will assign you a dynamic IP address when the connection is established. If this is the case, it is recommended that you select a network number from 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.0. The Internet Assigned Number Authority (IANA) reserved this block of addresses specifically for private use; please do not use any other number unless you are told otherwise. You must also enable Network Address Translation (NAT) on the NBG318S. Once you have decided on the network number, pick an IP address for your NBG318S that is easy to remember (for instance, 192.168.1.1) but make sure that no other device on your network is using that IP address. The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your NBG318S will compute the subnet mask automatically based on the IP address that you entered. You don't need to change the subnet mask computed by the NBG318S unless you are instructed to do otherwise. Private IP Addresses Every machine on the Internet must have a unique address. If your networks are isolated from the Internet (running only between two branch offices, for example) you can assign any IP addresses to the hosts without problems. However, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority

(IANA) has reserved the following three blocks of IP addresses specifically for private networks:

10.0.0.0 10.255.255.255 172.16.0.0 172.31.255.255 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255 You can obtain your IP address from the IANA, from an ISP, or it can be assigned from a private network. If you belong to a small organization and your Internet access is through an ISP, the ISP can provide you with the Internet addresses for your local networks. On the other hand, if you are part of a much larger organization, you should consult your network administrator for the appropriate IP addresses. Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an arbitrary IP address; always follow the guidelines above. For more information on address assignment, please refer to RFC 1597, Address Allocation for Private Internets and RFC 1466, Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space. 242 NBG318S Users Guide D APPENDIX Setting up Your Computers IP Address All computers must have a 10M or 100M Ethernet adapter card and TCP/IP installed. Windows 95/98/Me/NT/2000/XP, Macintosh OS 7 and later operating systems and all versions of UNIX/LINUX include the software components you need to install and use TCP/

IP on your computer. Windows 3.1 requires the purchase of a third-party TCP/IP application package. TCP/IP should already be installed on computers using Windows NT/2000/XP, Macintosh OS 7 and later operating systems. After the appropriate TCP/IP components are installed, configure the TCP/IP settings in order to "communicate" with your network. If you manually assign IP information instead of using dynamic assignment, make sure that your computers have IP addresses that place them in the same subnet as the Prestiges LAN port. Windows 95/98/Me Click Start, Settings, Control Panel and double-click the Network icon to open the Network window. NBG318S Users Guide 243 Appendix D Setting up Your Computers IP Address Figure 141 WIndows 95/98/Me: Network: Configuration Installing Components The Network window Configuration tab displays a list of installed components. You need a network adapter, the TCP/IP protocol and Client for Microsoft Networks. If you need the adapter:

1 In the Network window, click Add. 2 Select Adapter and then click Add. 3 Select the manufacturer and model of your network adapter and then click OK. If you need TCP/IP:

1 In the Network window, click Add. 2 Select Protocol and then click Add. 3 Select Microsoft from the list of manufacturers. 4 Select TCP/IP from the list of network protocols and then click OK. If you need Client for Microsoft Networks:

1 Click Add. 2 Select Client and then click Add. 3 Select Microsoft from the list of manufacturers. 4 Select Client for Microsoft Networks from the list of network clients and then click OK. 5 Restart your computer so the changes you made take effect. 244 NBG318S Users Guide Configuring Appendix D Setting up Your Computers IP Address 1 In the Network window Configuration tab, select your network adapter's TCP/IP entry and click Properties 2 Click the IP Address tab. If your IP address is dynamic, select Obtain an IP address automatically. If you have a static IP address, select Specify an IP address and type your information into the IP Address and Subnet Mask fields. Figure 142 Windows 95/98/Me: TCP/IP Properties: IP Address 3 Click the DNS Configuration tab. If you do not know your DNS information, select Disable DNS. If you know your DNS information, select Enable DNS and type the information in the fields below (you may not need to fill them all in). NBG318S Users Guide 245 Appendix D Setting up Your Computers IP Address Figure 143 Windows 95/98/Me: TCP/IP Properties: DNS Configuration 4 Click the Gateway tab. If you do not know your gateways IP address, remove previously installed gateways. If you have a gateway IP address, type it in the New gateway field and click Add. 5 Click OK to save and close the TCP/IP Properties window. 6 Click OK to close the Network window. Insert the Windows CD if prompted. 7 Turn on your Prestige and restart your computer when prompted. Verifying Settings 1 Click Start and then Run. 2 In the Run window, type "winipcfg" and then click OK to open the IP Configuration 3 Select your network adapter. You should see your computer's IP address, subnet mask window. and default gateway. Windows 2000/NT/XP The following example figures use the default Windows XP GUI theme. 1 Click start (Start in Windows 2000/NT), Settings, Control Panel. 246 NBG318S Users Guide Appendix D Setting up Your Computers IP Address Figure 144 Windows XP: Start Menu 2 In the Control Panel, double-click Network Connections (Network and Dial-up Connections in Windows 2000/NT). Figure 145 Windows XP: Control Panel 3 Right-click Local Area Connection and then click Properties. NBG318S Users Guide 247 Appendix D Setting up Your Computers IP Address Figure 146 Windows XP: Control Panel: Network Connections: Properties 4 Select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) (under the General tab in Win XP) and then click Properties. Figure 147 Windows XP: Local Area Connection Properties 5 The Internet Protocol TCP/IP Properties window opens (the General tab in Windows XP). If you have a dynamic IP address click Obtain an IP address automatically. If you have a static IP address click Use the following IP Address and fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Default gateway fields. Click Advanced. 248 NBG318S Users Guide Appendix D Setting up Your Computers IP Address Figure 148 Windows XP: Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties 6 If you do not know your gateway's IP address, remove any previously installed gateways in the IP Settings tab and click OK. Do one or more of the following if you want to configure additional IP addresses:

In the IP Settings tab, in IP addresses, click Add. In TCP/IP Address, type an IP address in IP address and a subnet mask in Subnet mask, and then click Add. Repeat the above two steps for each IP address you want to add. Configure additional default gateways in the IP Settings tab by clicking Add in Default gateways. In TCP/IP Gateway Address, type the IP address of the default gateway in Gateway. To manually configure a default metric (the number of transmission hops), clear the Automatic metric check box and type a metric in Metric. Click Add. Repeat the previous three steps for each default gateway you want to add. Click OK when finished. NBG318S Users Guide 249 Appendix D Setting up Your Computers IP Address Figure 149 Windows XP: Advanced TCP/IP Properties 7 In the Internet Protocol TCP/IP Properties window (the General tab in Windows XP):

Click Obtain DNS server address automatically if you do not know your DNS server IP address(es). If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click Use the following DNS server addresses, and type them in the Preferred DNS server and Alternate DNS server fields. If you have previously configured DNS servers, click Advanced and then the DNS tab to order them. 250 NBG318S Users Guide Appendix D Setting up Your Computers IP Address Figure 150 Windows XP: Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties 8 Click OK to close the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window. 9 Click Close (OK in Windows 2000/NT) to close the Local Area Connection 10 Close the Network Connections window (Network and Dial-up Connections in Properties window. Windows 2000/NT). 11 Turn on your Prestige and restart your computer (if prompted). Verifying Settings 1 Click Start, All Programs, Accessories and then Command Prompt. 2 In the Command Prompt window, type "ipconfig" and then press [ENTER]. You can also open Network Connections, right-click a network connection, click Status and then click the Support tab. Macintosh OS 8/9 1 Click the Apple menu, Control Panel and double-click TCP/IP to open the TCP/IP Control Panel. NBG318S Users Guide 251 Appendix D Setting up Your Computers IP Address Figure 151 Macintosh OS 8/9: Apple Menu 2 Select Ethernet built-in from the Connect via list. Figure 152 Macintosh OS 8/9: TCP/IP 3 For dynamically assigned settings, select Using DHCP Server from the Configure: list. 4 For statically assigned settings, do the following:

252 NBG318S Users Guide Appendix D Setting up Your Computers IP Address From the Configure box, select Manually. Type your IP address in the IP Address box. Type your subnet mask in the Subnet mask box. Type the IP address of your Prestige in the Router address box. 5 Close the TCP/IP Control Panel. 6 Click Save if prompted, to save changes to your configuration. 7 Turn on your Prestige and restart your computer (if prompted). Verifying Settings Check your TCP/IP properties in the TCP/IP Control Panel window. Macintosh OS X 1 Click the Apple menu, and click System Preferences to open the System Preferences window. Figure 153 Macintosh OS X: Apple Menu 2 Click Network in the icon bar. Select Automatic from the Location list. Select Built-in Ethernet from the Show list. Click the TCP/IP tab. 3 For dynamically assigned settings, select Using DHCP from the Configure list. NBG318S Users Guide 253 Appendix D Setting up Your Computers IP Address Figure 154 Macintosh OS X: Network 4 For statically assigned settings, do the following:

From the Configure box, select Manually. Type your IP address in the IP Address box. Type your subnet mask in the Subnet mask box. Type the IP address of your Prestige in the Router address box. 5 Click Apply Now and close the window. 6 Turn on your Prestige and restart your computer (if prompted). Verifying Settings Check your TCP/IP properties in the Network window. Linux 254 This section shows you how to configure your computers TCP/IP settings in Red Hat Linux 9.0. Procedure, screens and file location may vary depending on your Linux distribution and release version. NBG318S Users Guide Appendix D Setting up Your Computers IP Address

Make sure you are logged in as the root administrator. Using the K Desktop Environment (KDE) Follow the steps below to configure your computer IP address using the KDE. 1 Click the Red Hat button (located on the bottom left corner), select System Setting and click Network. Figure 155 Red Hat 9.0: KDE: Network Configuration: Devices 2 Double-click on the profile of the network card you wish to configure. The Ethernet Device General screen displays as shown. NBG318S Users Guide 255 Appendix D Setting up Your Computers IP Address Figure 156 Red Hat 9.0: KDE: Ethernet Device: General If you have a dynamic IP address click Automatically obtain IP address settings with and select dhcp from the drop down list. If you have a static IP address click Statically set IP Addresses and fill in the Address, Subnet mask, and Default Gateway Address fields. 3 Click OK to save the changes and close the Ethernet Device General screen. 4 If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click the DNS tab in the Network Configuration screen. Enter the DNS server information in the fields provided. Figure 157 Red Hat 9.0: KDE: Network Configuration: DNS 5 Click the Devices tab. 6 Click the Activate button to apply the changes. The following screen displays. Click Yes to save the changes in all screens. 256 NBG318S Users Guide Appendix D Setting up Your Computers IP Address Figure 158 Red Hat 9.0: KDE: Network Configuration: Activate 7 After the network card restart process is complete, make sure the Status is Active in the Network Configuration screen. Using Configuration Files Follow the steps below to edit the network configuration files and set your computer IP address. 1 Assuming that you have only one network card on the computer, locate the ifconfig-

eth0 configuration file (where eth0 is the name of the Ethernet card). Open the configuration file with any plain text editor. If you have a dynamic IP address, enter dhcp in the BOOTPROTO= field. The following figure shows an example. Figure 159 Red Hat 9.0: Dynamic IP Address Setting in ifconfig-eth0 DEVICE=eth0 ONBOOT=yes BOOTPROTO=dhcp USERCTL=no PEERDNS=yes TYPE=Ethernet If you have a static IP address, enter static in the BOOTPROTO= field. Type IPADDR= followed by the IP address (in dotted decimal notation) and type NETMASK=

followed by the subnet mask. The following example shows an example where the static IP address is 192.168.1.10 and the subnet mask is 255.255.255.0. Figure 160 Red Hat 9.0: Static IP Address Setting in ifconfig-eth0 DEVICE=eth0 ONBOOT=yes BOOTPROTO=static IPADDR=192.168.1.10 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 USERCTL=no PEERDNS=yes TYPE=Ethernet NBG318S Users Guide 257 Appendix D Setting up Your Computers IP Address 2 If you know your DNS server IP address(es), enter the DNS server information in the resolv.conf file in the /etc directory. The following figure shows an example where two DNS server IP addresses are specified. Figure 161 Red Hat 9.0: DNS Settings in resolv.conf nameserver 172.23.5.1 nameserver 172.23.5.2 3 After you edit and save the configuration files, you must restart the network card. Enter./network restart in the /etc/rc.d/init.d directory. The following figure shows an example. Figure 162 Red Hat 9.0: Restart Ethernet Card

[root@localhost init.d]# network restart Shutting down interface eth0: [OK]

Shutting down loopback interface: [OK]

Setting network parameters: [OK]

Bringing up loopback interface: [OK]

Bringing up interface eth0: [OK]

23.7.1 Verifying Settings Enter ifconfig in a terminal screen to check your TCP/IP properties. Figure 163 Red Hat 9.0: Checking TCP/IP Properties

[root@localhost]# ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:50:BA:72:5B:44 inet addr:172.23.19.129 Bcast:172.23.19.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:717 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:13 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:100 RX bytes:730412 (713.2 Kb) TX bytes:1570 (1.5 Kb) Interrupt:10 Base address:0x1000

[root@localhost]#

258 NBG318S Users Guide APPENDIX E Wireless LANs Wireless LAN Topologies This section discusses ad-hoc and infrastructure wireless LAN topologies. Ad-hoc Wireless LAN Configuration The simplest WLAN configuration is an independent (Ad-hoc) WLAN that connects a set of computers with wireless stations (A, B, C). Any time two or more wireless adapters are within range of each other, they can set up an independent network, which is commonly referred to as an Ad-hoc network or Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS). The following diagram shows an example of notebook computers using wireless adapters to form an Ad-hoc wireless LAN. Figure 164 Peer-to-Peer Communication in an Ad-hoc Network BSS A Basic Service Set (BSS) exists when all communications between wireless stations or between a wireless station and a wired network client go through one access point (AP). Intra-BSS traffic is traffic between wireless stations in the BSS. When Intra-BSS is enabled, wireless station A and B can access the wired network and communicate with each other. When Intra-BSS is disabled, wireless station A and B can still access the wired network but cannot communicate with each other. NBG318S Users Guide 259 Appendix E Wireless LANs Figure 165 Basic Service Set ESS An Extended Service Set (ESS) consists of a series of overlapping BSSs, each containing an access point, with each access point connected together by a wired network. This wired connection between APs is called a Distribution System (DS). This type of wireless LAN topology is called an Infrastructure WLAN. The Access Points not only provide communication with the wired network but also mediate wireless network traffic in the immediate neighborhood. An ESSID (ESS IDentification) uniquely identifies each ESS. All access points and their associated wireless stations within the same ESS must have the same ESSID in order to communicate. 260 NBG318S Users Guide Figure 166 Infrastructure WLAN Appendix E Wireless LANs Channel A channel is the radio frequency(ies) used by IEEE 802.11a/b/g wireless devices. Channels available depend on your geographical area. You may have a choice of channels (for your region) so you should use a different channel than an adjacent AP (access point) to reduce interference. Interference occurs when radio signals from different access points overlap causing interference and degrading performance. Adjacent channels partially overlap however. To avoid interference due to overlap, your AP should be on a channel at least five channels away from a channel that an adjacent AP is using. For example, if your region has 11 channels and an adjacent AP is using channel 1, then you need to select a channel between 6 or 11. RTS/CTS A hidden node occurs when two stations are within range of the same access point, but are not within range of each other. The following figure illustrates a hidden node. Both stations (STA) are within range of the access point (AP) or wireless gateway, but out-of-range of each other, so they cannot "hear" each other, that is they do not know if the channel is currently being used. Therefore, they are considered hidden from each other. NBG318S Users Guide 261 Appendix E Wireless LANs Figure 167 RTS/CTS When station A sends data to the AP, it might not know that the station B is already using the channel. If these two stations send data at the same time, collisions may occur when both sets of data arrive at the AP at the same time, resulting in a loss of messages for both stations. RTS/CTS is designed to prevent collisions due to hidden nodes. An RTS/CTS defines the biggest size data frame you can send before an RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake is invoked. When a data frame exceeds the RTS/CTS value you set (between 0 to 2432 bytes), the station that wants to transmit this frame must first send an RTS (Request To Send) message to the AP for permission to send it. The AP then responds with a CTS (Clear to Send) message to all other stations within its range to notify them to defer their transmission. It also reserves and confirms with the requesting station the time frame for the requested transmission. Stations can send frames smaller than the specified RTS/CTS directly to the AP without the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake. You should only configure RTS/CTS if the possibility of hidden nodes exists on your network and the "cost" of resending large frames is more than the extra network overhead involved in the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake. If the RTS/CTS value is greater than the Fragmentation Threshold value (see next), then the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake will never occur as data frames will be fragmented before they reach RTS/CTS size.

Enabling the RTS Threshold causes redundant network overhead that could negatively affect the throughput performance instead of providing a remedy. Fragmentation Threshold A Fragmentation Threshold is the maximum data fragment size (between 256 and 2432 bytes) that can be sent in the wireless network before the AP will fragment the packet into smaller data frames. A large Fragmentation Threshold is recommended for networks not prone to interference while you should set a smaller threshold for busy networks or networks that are prone to interference. 262 NBG318S Users Guide Appendix E Wireless LANs If the Fragmentation Threshold value is smaller than the RTS/CTS value (see previously) you set then the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake will never occur as data frames will be fragmented before they reach RTS/CTS size. Preamble Type A preamble is used to synchronize the transmission timing in your wireless network. There are two preamble modes: Long and Short. Short preamble takes less time to process and minimizes overhead, so it should be used in a good wireless network environment when all wireless stations support it. Select Long if you have a noisy network or are unsure of what preamble mode your wireless stations support as all IEEE 802.11b compliant wireless adapters must support long preamble. However, not all wireless adapters support short preamble. Use long preamble if you are unsure what preamble mode the wireless adapters support, to ensure interpretability between the AP and the wireless stations and to provide more reliable communication in noisy networks. Select Dynamic to have the AP automatically use short preamble when all wireless stations support it, otherwise the AP uses long preamble.

The AP and the wireless stations MUST use the same preamble mode in order to communicate. IEEE 802.11g Wireless LAN IEEE 802.11g is fully compatible with the IEEE 802.11b standard. This means an IEEE 802.11b adapter can interface directly with an IEEE 802.11g access point (and vice versa) at 11 Mbps or lower depending on range. IEEE 802.11g has several intermediate rate steps between the maximum and minimum data rates. The IEEE 802.11g data rate and modulation are as follows:

Table 109 IEEE 802.11g DATA RATE (MBPS) MODULATION 1 2 5.5 / 11 6/9/12/18/24/36/48/54 OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) DBPSK (Differential Binary Phase Shift Keyed) DQPSK (Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) CCK (Complementary Code Keying) IEEE 802.1x In June 2001, the IEEE 802.1x standard was designed to extend the features of IEEE 802.11 to support extended authentication as well as providing additional accounting and control features. It is supported by Windows XP and a number of network devices. Some advantages of IEEE 802.1x are:

NBG318S Users Guide 263 Appendix E Wireless LANs User based identification that allows for roaming. Support for RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial In User Service, RFC 2138, 2139) for centralized user profile and accounting management on a network RADIUS server. Support for EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol, RFC 2486) that allows additional authentication methods to be deployed with no changes to the access point or the wireless stations. RADIUS RADIUS is based on a client-server model that supports authentication, authorization and accounting. The access point is the client and the server is the RADIUS server. The RADIUS server handles the following tasks:

Authentication Determines the identity of the users. Authorization Determines the network services available to authenticated users once they are connected to the network. Accounting Keeps track of the clients network activity. RADIUS is a simple package exchange in which your AP acts as a message relay between the wireless station and the network RADIUS server. Types of RADIUS Messages The following types of RADIUS messages are exchanged between the access point and the RADIUS server for user authentication:

Access-Request Sent by an access point requesting authentication. Access-Reject Sent by a RADIUS server rejecting access. Access-Accept Sent by a RADIUS server allowing access. Access-Challenge Sent by a RADIUS server requesting more information in order to allow access. The access point sends a proper response from the user and then sends another Access-Request message. The following types of RADIUS messages are exchanged between the access point and the RADIUS server for user accounting:

Accounting-Request Sent by the access point requesting accounting. Accounting-Response Sent by the RADIUS server to indicate that it has started or stopped accounting. 264 NBG318S Users Guide Appendix E Wireless LANs In order to ensure network security, the access point and the RADIUS server use a shared secret key, which is a password, they both know. The key is not sent over the network. In addition to the shared key, password information exchanged is also encrypted to protect the network from unauthorized access. Types of Authentication This appendix discusses some popular authentication types: EAP-MD5, EAP-TLS, EAP-

TTLS, PEAP and LEAP. The type of authentication you use depends on the RADIUS server or the AP. Consult your network administrator for more information. EAP-MD5 (Message-Digest Algorithm 5) MD5 authentication is the simplest one-way authentication method. The authentication server sends a challenge to the wireless station. The wireless station proves that it knows the password by encrypting the password with the challenge and sends back the information. Password is not sent in plain text. However, MD5 authentication has some weaknesses. Since the authentication server needs to get the plaintext passwords, the passwords must be stored. Thus someone other than the authentication server may access the password file. In addition, it is possible to impersonate an authentication server as MD5 authentication method does not perform mutual authentication. Finally, MD5 authentication method does not support data encryption with dynamic session key. You must configure WEP encryption keys for data encryption. EAP-TLS (Transport Layer Security) With EAP-TLS, digital certifications are needed by both the server and the wireless stations for mutual authentication. The server presents a certificate to the client. After validating the identity of the server, the client sends a different certificate to the server. The exchange of certificates is done in the open before a secured tunnel is created. This makes user identity vulnerable to passive attacks. A digital certificate is an electronic ID card that authenticates the senders identity. However, to implement EAP-TLS, you need a Certificate Authority (CA) to handle certificates, which imposes a management overhead. EAP-TTLS (Tunneled Transport Layer Service) EAP-TTLS is an extension of the EAP-TLS authentication that uses certificates for only the server-side authentications to establish a secure connection. Client authentication is then done by sending username and password through the secure connection, thus client identity is protected. For client authentication, EAP-TTLS supports EAP methods and legacy authentication methods such as PAP, CHAP, MS-CHAP and MS-CHAP v2. NBG318S Users Guide 265 Appendix E Wireless LANs PEAP (Protected EAP) Like EAP-TTLS, server-side certificate authentication is used to establish a secure connection, then use simple username and password methods through the secured connection to authenticate the clients, thus hiding client identity. However, PEAP only supports EAP methods, such as EAP-MD5, EAP-MSCHAPv2 and EAP-GTC (EAP-Generic Token Card), for client authentication. EAP-GTC is implemented only by Cisco. LEAP LEAP (Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol) is a Cisco implementation of IEEE 802.1x. Dynamic WEP Key Exchange The AP maps a unique key that is generated with the RADIUS server. This key expires when the wireless connection times out, disconnects or reauthentication times out. A new WEP key is generated each time reauthentication is performed. If this feature is enabled, it is not necessary to configure a default encryption key in the Wireless screen. You may still configure and store keys here, but they will not be used while Dynamic WEP is enabled.

EAP-MD5 cannot be used with dynamic WEP key exchange For added security, certificate-based authentications (EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS and PEAP) use dynamic keys for data encryption. They are often deployed in corporate environments, but for public deployment, a simple user name and password pair is more practical. The following table is a comparison of the features of authentication types. Table 110 Comparison of EAP Authentication Types Mutual Authentication Certificate Client Certificate Server Dynamic Key Exchange Credential Integrity Deployment Difficulty Client Identity Protection EAP-MD5 No No No No None Easy No EAP-TLS Yes Yes Yes Yes Strong Hard No EAP-TTLS Yes Optional Yes Yes Strong Moderate Yes PEAP Yes Optional Yes Yes Strong Moderate Yes LEAP Yes No No Yes Moderate Moderate No WPA(2) Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) is a subset of the IEEE 802.11i standard. WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i) is a wireless security standard that defines stronger encryption, authentication and key management than WPA. 266 NBG318S Users Guide Key differences between WPA(2) and WEP are improved data encryption and user authentication. Encryption Appendix E Wireless LANs Both WPA and WPA2 improve data encryption by using Temporal Key Integrity Protocol

(TKIP), Message Integrity Check (MIC) and IEEE 802.1x. In addition to TKIP, WPA2 also uses Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) in the Counter mode with Cipher block chaining Message authentication code Protocol (CCMP) to offer stronger encryption. Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) uses 128-bit keys that are dynamically generated and distributed by the authentication server. It includes a per-packet key mixing function, a Message Integrity Check (MIC) named Michael, an extended initialization vector (IV) with sequencing rules, and a re-keying mechanism. TKIP regularly changes and rotates the encryption keys so that the same encryption key is never used twice. The RADIUS server distributes a Pairwise Master Key (PMK) key to the AP that then sets up a key hierarchy and management system, using the pair-wise key to dynamically generate unique data encryption keys to encrypt every data packet that is wirelessly communicated between the AP and the wireless clients. This all happens in the background automatically. WPA2 AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) is a block cipher that uses a 256-bit mathematical algorithm called Rijndael. The Message Integrity Check (MIC) is designed to prevent an attacker from capturing data packets, altering them and resending them. The MIC provides a strong mathematical function in which the receiver and the transmitter each compute and then compare the MIC. If they do not match, it is assumed that the data has been tampered with and the packet is dropped. By generating unique data encryption keys for every data packet and by creating an integrity checking mechanism (MIC), TKIP makes it much more difficult to decode data on a Wi-Fi network than WEP, making it difficult for an intruder to break into the network. The encryption mechanisms used for WPA and WPA-PSK are the same. The only difference between the two is that WPA-PSK uses a simple common password, instead of user-specific credentials. The common-password approach makes WPA-PSK susceptible to brute-force password-guessing attacks but it's still an improvement over WEP as it employs an easier-to-

use, consistent, single, alphanumeric password. User Authentication WPA or WPA2 applies IEEE 802.1x and Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) to authenticate wireless clients using an external RADIUS database. If both an AP and the wireless clients support WPA2 and you have an external RADIUS server, use WPA2 for stronger data encryption. If you don't have an external RADIUS server, you should use WPA2 -PSK (WPA2 -Pre-Shared Key) that only requires a single (identical) password entered into each access point, wireless gateway and wireless client. As long as the passwords match, a wireless client will be granted access to a WLAN. If the AP or the wireless clients do not support WPA2, just use WPA or WPA-PSK depending on whether you have an external RADIUS server or not. Select WEP only when the AP and/or wireless clients do not support WPA or WPA2. WEP is less secure than WPA or WPA2. NBG318S Users Guide 267 Appendix E Wireless LANs 23.7.2 WPA(2)-PSK Application Example A WPA(2)-PSK application looks as follows. 1 First enter identical passwords into the AP and all wireless clients. The Pre-Shared Key

(PSK) must consist of between 8 and 63 ASCII characters (including spaces and symbols). 2 The AP checks each wireless client's password and (only) allows it to join the network if the password matches. 3 The AP derives and distributes keys to the wireless clients. 4 The AP and wireless clients use the TKIP or AES encryption process to encrypt data exchanged between them. Figure 168 WPA(2)-PSK Authentication 23.7.3 WPA(2) with RADIUS Application Example You need the IP address of the RADIUS server, its port number (default is 1812), and the RADIUS shared secret. A WPA(2) application example with an external RADIUS server looks as follows. "A" is the RADIUS server. "DS" is the distribution system. 1 The AP passes the wireless client's authentication request to the RADIUS server. 2 The RADIUS server then checks the user's identification against its database and grants or denies network access accordingly. 3 The RADIUS server distributes a Pairwise Master Key (PMK) key to the AP that then sets up a key hierarchy and management system, using the pair-wise key to dynamically generate unique data encryption keys to encrypt every data packet that is wirelessly communicated between the AP and the wireless clients. 268 NBG318S Users Guide Security Parameters Summary Appendix E Wireless LANs Refer to this table to see what other security parameters you should configure for each Authentication Method/ key management protocol type. MAC address filters are not dependent on how you configure these security features. Table 111 Wireless Security Relational Matrix AUTHENTICATION METHOD/ KEY MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL Open ENTER MANUAL KEY ENCRYPTIO N METHOD IEEE 802.1X None No Open Shared WPA WPA-PSK WPA2 WPA2-PSK WEP WEP TKIP TKIP AES AES No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Disable Enable without Dynamic WEP Key Enable with Dynamic WEP Key Enable without Dynamic WEP Key Disable Enable with Dynamic WEP Key Enable without Dynamic WEP Key Disable Enable Enable Enable Enable NBG318S Users Guide 269 Appendix E Wireless LANs 270 NBG318S Users Guide APPENDIX F Services The following table lists some commonly-used services and their associated protocols and port numbers. Name: This is a short, descriptive name for the service. You can use this one or create a different one, if you like. Protocol: This is the type of IP protocol used by the service. If this is TCP/UDP, then the service uses the same port number with TCP and UDP. If this is User-Defined, the Port(s) is the IP protocol number, not the port number. Port(s): This value depends on the Protocol. If the Protocol is TCP, UDP, or TCP/UDP, this is the IP port number. If the Protocol is USER, this is the IP protocol number. Description: This is a brief explanation of the applications that use this service or the situations in which this service is used. Table 112 Examples of Services PROTOCOL User-Defined PORT(S) 51 NAME AH

(IPSEC_TUNNEL) AIM AUTH BGP BOOTP_CLIENT BOOTP_SERVER CU-SEEME DNS TCP TCP TCP UDP UDP TCP/UDP TCP/UDP TCP/UDP ESP

(IPSEC_TUNNEL) User-Defined FINGER FTP TCP TCP TCP DESCRIPTION The IPSEC AH (Authentication Header) tunneling protocol uses this service. AOLs Internet Messenger service. Authentication protocol used by some servers. Border Gateway Protocol. DHCP Client. DHCP Server. A popular videoconferencing solution from White Pines Software. Domain Name Server, a service that matches web names (e.g. www.zyxel.com) to IP numbers. The IPSEC ESP (Encapsulation Security Protocol) tunneling protocol uses this service. Finger is a UNIX or Internet related command that can be used to find out if a user is logged on. File Transfer Program, a program to enable fast transfer of files, including large files that may not be possible by e-mail. 5190 113 179 68 67 7648 24032 53 50 79 20 21 NBG318S Users Guide 271 Appendix F Services Table 112 Examples of Services (continued) NAME H.323 HTTP HTTPS ICMP PROTOCOL TCP TCP TCP User-Defined ICQ IGMP (MULTICAST) User-Defined UDP IKE IMAP4 IMAP4S IRC UDP TCP TCP TCP/UDP MSN Messenger TCP NetBIOS NEW-ICQ NEWS NFS NNTP PING POP3 POP3S PPTP TCP/UDP TCP/UDP TCP/UDP TCP/UDP TCP TCP UDP TCP User-Defined 1 TCP TCP TCP 110 995 1723 PORT(S) 1720 80 443 1 4000 2 500 143 993 6667 1863 137 138 139 445 5190 144 2049 119 DESCRIPTION NetMeeting uses this protocol. Hyper Text Transfer Protocol - a client/

server protocol for the world wide web. HTTPS is a secured http session often used in e-commerce. Internet Control Message Protocol is often used for diagnostic purposes. This is a popular Internet chat program. Internet Group Multicast Protocol is used when sending packets to a specific group of hosts. The Internet Key Exchange algorithm is used for key distribution and management. The Internet Message Access Protocol is used for e-mail. This is a more secure version of IMAP4 that runs over SSL. This is another popular Internet chat program. Microsoft Networks messenger service uses this protocol. The Network Basic Input/Output System is used for communication between computers in a LAN. An Internet chat program. A protocol for news groups. Network File System - NFS is a client/

server distributed file service that provides transparent file sharing for network environments. Network News Transport Protocol is the delivery mechanism for the USENET newsgroup service. Packet INternet Groper is a protocol that sends out ICMP echo requests to test whether or not a remote host is reachable. Post Office Protocol version 3 lets a client computer get e-mail from a POP3 server through a temporary connection (TCP/IP or other). This is a more secure version of POP3 that runs over SSL. Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol enables secure transfer of data over public networks. This is the control channel. 272 NBG318S Users Guide Table 112 Examples of Services (continued) NAME PPTP_TUNNEL

(GRE) PROTOCOL User-Defined PORT(S) 47 RCMD REAL_AUDIO TCP TCP REXEC RLOGIN ROADRUNNER RTELNET RTSP SFTP SMTP TCP TCP TCP/UDP TCP TCP/UDP TCP TCP SMTPS TCP SNMP SNMP-TRAPS SQL-NET TCP/UDP TCP/UDP TCP SSDP UDP SSH STRM WORKS SYSLOG TCP/UDP UDP UDP TACACS TELNET UDP TCP 512 7070 514 513 1026 107 554 115 25 465 161 162 1521 1900 22 1558 514 49 23 Appendix F Services DESCRIPTION PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) enables secure transfer of data over public networks. This is the data channel. Remote Command Service. A streaming audio service that enables real time sound over the web. Remote Execution Daemon. Remote Login. This is an ISP that provides services mainly for cable modems. Remote Telnet. The Real Time Streaming (media control) Protocol (RTSP) is a remote control for multimedia on the Internet. The Simple File Transfer Protocol is an old way of transferring files between computers. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is the message-exchange standard for the Internet. SMTP enables you to move messages from one e-mail server to another. This is a more secure version of SMTP that runs over SSL. Simple Network Management Program. Traps for use with the SNMP (RFC:1215). Structured Query Language is an interface to access data on many different types of database systems, including mainframes, midrange systems, UNIX systems and network servers. The Simple Service Discovery Protocol supports Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP). Secure Shell Remote Login Program. Stream Works Protocol. Syslog allows you to send system logs to a UNIX server. Login Host Protocol used for (Terminal Access Controller Access Control System). Telnet is the login and terminal emulation protocol common on the Internet and in UNIX environments. It operates over TCP/

IP networks. Its primary function is to allow users to log into remote host systems. NBG318S Users Guide 273 Appendix F Services Table 112 Examples of Services (continued) NAME TFTP PROTOCOL UDP PORT(S) 69 VDOLIVE TCP UDP 7000 user-

defined DESCRIPTION Trivial File Transfer Protocol is an Internet file transfer protocol similar to FTP, but uses the UDP (User Datagram Protocol) rather than TCP (Transmission Control Protocol). A videoconferencing solution. The UDP port number is specified in the application. 274 NBG318S Users Guide APPENDIX G Legal Information Copyright Copyright 2006 by ZyXEL Communications Corporation. The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any part or as a whole, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, translated into any language, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, photocopying, manual, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of ZyXEL Communications Corporation. Published by ZyXEL Communications Corporation. All rights reserved. Disclaimer ZyXEL does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any products, or software described herein. Neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the patent rights of others. ZyXEL further reserves the right to make changes in any products described herein without notice. This publication is subject to change without notice. Trademarks ZyNOS (ZyXEL Network Operating System) is a registered trademark of ZyXEL Communications, Inc. Other trademarks mentioned in this publication are used for identification purposes only and may be properties of their respective owners. Certifications Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Interference Statement The device complies with Part 15 of FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:

This device may not cause harmful interference. This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operations. This device has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This device generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy, and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. NBG318S Users Guide 275 Appendix G Legal Information If this device does cause harmful interference to radio/television reception, which can be determined by turning the device off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

1 Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. 2 Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver. 3 Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. 4 Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. FCC Radiation Exposure Statement This transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. To comply with FCC RF exposure compliance requirements, a eparation distance of at least 20 cm must be maintained between the antenna of this device and all persons.

Notices Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment. This device has been designed for the WLAN 2.4 GHz network throughout the EC region and Switzerland, with restrictions in France. This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003. Cet appareil numrique de la classe B est conforme la norme NMB-003 du Canada. Viewing Certifications 1 Go to http://www.zyxel.com. 2 Select your product on the ZyXEL home page to go to that product's page. 3 Select the certification you wish to view from this page. 276 NBG318S Users Guide ZyXEL Limited Warranty Appendix G Legal Information ZyXEL warrants to the original end user (purchaser) that this product is free from any defects in materials or workmanship for a period of up to two years from the date of purchase. During the warranty period, and upon proof of purchase, should the product have indications of failure due to faulty workmanship and/or materials, ZyXEL will, at its discretion, repair or replace the defective products or components without charge for either parts or labor, and to whatever extent it shall deem necessary to restore the product or components to proper operating condition. Any replacement will consist of a new or re-manufactured functionally equivalent product of equal or higher value, and will be solely at the discretion of ZyXEL. This warranty shall not apply if the product has been modified, misused, tampered with, damaged by an act of God, or subjected to abnormal working conditions. Note Repair or replacement, as provided under this warranty, is the exclusive remedy of the purchaser. This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, express or implied, including any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular use or purpose. ZyXEL shall in no event be held liable for indirect or consequential damages of any kind to the purchaser. To obtain the services of this warranty, contact ZyXEL's Service Center for your Return Material Authorization number (RMA). Products must be returned Postage Prepaid. It is recommended that the unit be insured when shipped. Any returned products without proof of purchase or those with an out-dated warranty will be repaired or replaced (at the discretion of ZyXEL) and the customer will be billed for parts and labor. All repaired or replaced products will be shipped by ZyXEL to the corresponding return address, Postage Paid. This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights that vary from country to country. Registration Register your product online to receive e-mail notices of firmware upgrades and information at www.zyxel.com for global products, or at www.us.zyxel.com for North American products. NBG318S Users Guide 277 Appendix G Legal Information 278 NBG318S Users Guide APPENDIX H Customer Support Please have the following information ready when you contact customer support. Required Information Product model and serial number. Warranty Information. Date that you received your device. Brief description of the problem and the steps you took to solve it. Corporate Headquarters (Worldwide) Support E-mail: support@zyxel.com.tw Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.com.tw Telephone: +886-3-578-3942 Fax: +886-3-578-2439 Web Site: www.zyxel.com, www.europe.zyxel.com FTP Site: ftp.zyxel.com, ftp.europe.zyxel.com Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications Corp., 6 Innovation Road II, Science Park, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan Costa Rica Support E-mail: soporte@zyxel.co.cr Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.co.cr Telephone: +506-2017878 Fax: +506-2015098 Web Site: www.zyxel.co.cr FTP Site: ftp.zyxel.co.cr Regular Mail: ZyXEL Costa Rica, Plaza Roble Escaz, Etapa El Patio, Tercer Piso, San Jos, Costa Rica Czech Republic E-mail: info@cz.zyxel.com Telephone: +420-241-091-350 Fax: +420-241-091-359 Web Site: www.zyxel.cz Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications, Czech s.r.o., Modransk 621, 143 01 Praha 4 -

Modrany, Cesk Republika NBG318S Users Guide 279 Appendix H Customer Support Denmark Support E-mail: support@zyxel.dk Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.dk Telephone: +45-39-55-07-00 Fax: +45-39-55-07-07 Web Site: www.zyxel.dk Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications A/S, Columbusvej, 2860 Soeborg, Denmark Finland Support E-mail: support@zyxel.fi Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.fi Telephone: +358-9-4780-8411 Fax: +358-9-4780 8448 Web Site: www.zyxel.fi Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications Oy, Malminkaari 10, 00700 Helsinki, Finland France E-mail: info@zyxel.fr Telephone: +33-4-72-52-97-97 Fax: +33-4-72-52-19-20 Web Site: www.zyxel.fr Regular Mail: ZyXEL France, 1 rue des Vergers, Bat. 1 / C, 69760 Limonest, France Germany Support E-mail: support@zyxel.de Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.de Telephone: +49-2405-690969 Fax: +49-2405-6909-99 Web Site: www.zyxel.de Regular Mail: ZyXEL Deutschland GmbH., Adenauerstr. 20/A2 D-52146, Wuerselen, Germany Hungary Support E-mail: support@zyxel.hu Sales E-mail: info@zyxel.hu Telephone: +36-1-3361649 Fax: +36-1-3259100 Web Site: www.zyxel.hu Regular Mail: ZyXEL Hungary, 48, Zoldlomb Str., H-1025, Budapest, Hungary Kazakhstan Support: http://zyxel.kz/support Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.kz 280 NBG318S Users Guide Appendix H Customer Support Telephone: +7-3272-590-698 Fax: +7-3272-590-689 Web Site: www.zyxel.kz Regular Mail: ZyXEL Kazakhstan, 43, Dostyk ave.,Office 414, Dostyk Business Centre, 050010, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan North America Support E-mail: support@zyxel.com Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.com Telephone: +1-800-255-4101, +1-714-632-0882 Fax: +1-714-632-0858 Web Site: www.us.zyxel.com FTP Site: ftp.us.zyxel.com Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications Inc., 1130 N. Miller St., Anaheim, CA 92806-

2001, U.S.A. Norway Support E-mail: support@zyxel.no Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.no Telephone: +47-22-80-61-80 Fax: +47-22-80-61-81 Web Site: www.zyxel.no Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications A/S, Nils Hansens vei 13, 0667 Oslo, Norway Poland E-mail: info@pl.zyxel.com Telephone: +48 (22) 333 8250 Fax: +48 (22) 333 8251 Web Site: www.pl.zyxel.com Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications, ul. Okrzei 1A, 03-715 Warszawa, Poland Russia Support: http://zyxel.ru/support Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.ru Telephone: +7-095-542-89-29 Fax: +7-095-542-89-25 Web Site: www.zyxel.ru Regular Mail: ZyXEL Russia, Ostrovityanova 37a Str., Moscow, 117279, Russia Spain Support E-mail: support@zyxel.es Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.es Telephone: +34-902-195-420 Fax: +34-913-005-345 NBG318S Users Guide 281 Appendix H Customer Support Web Site: www.zyxel.es Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications, Arte, 21 5 planta, 28033 Madrid, Spain Sweden Support E-mail: support@zyxel.se Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.se Telephone: +46-31-744-7700 Fax: +46-31-744-7701 Web Site: www.zyxel.se Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications A/S, Sjporten 4, 41764 Gteborg, Sweden Ukraine Support E-mail: support@ua.zyxel.com Sales E-mail: sales@ua.zyxel.com Telephone: +380-44-247-69-78 Fax: +380-44-494-49-32 Web Site: www.ua.zyxel.com Regular Mail: ZyXEL Ukraine, 13, Pimonenko Str., Kiev, 04050, Ukraine United Kingdom Support E-mail: support@zyxel.co.uk Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.co.uk Telephone: +44-1344 303044, 08707 555779 (UK only) Fax: +44-1344 303034 Web Site: www.zyxel.co.uk FTP Site: ftp.zyxel.co.uk Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications UK, Ltd.,11 The Courtyard, Eastern Road, Bracknell, Berkshire, RG12 2XB, United Kingdom (UK)

+ is the (prefix) number you dial to make an international telephone call. 282 NBG318S Users Guide Index Index changing the NMK 110 Channel 47, 261 Interference 261 channel 73 command interface 33 Configuration 204 backup 205 reset the factory defaults 206 restore 205 contact information 279 Content Filtering Days and Times 141 Restrict Web Features 141 Cookies 142 copyright 275 CPU usage 47 CTS (Clear to Send) 262 customer support 279 D Daylight saving 188 DDNS 129 see also Dynamic DNS DHCP 51, 115 DHCP server see also Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP client information 117 DHCP client list 117 DHCP server 103, 115 DHCP table 51, 117 DHCP client information DHCP status Dimensions 223 disclaimer 275 DNS 65, 116 DNS server see also Domain name system DNS (Domain Name System) 168 DNS server 116 Domain name 57 vs host name. see also system name Domain Name System 116 duplex setting 48 283 Numerics 802.11 Mode 88 A ActiveX 142 address resolution protocol (ARP) 105 Alert 190 alternative subnet mask notation 237 any IP note 105 AP (Access Point) 261 Asymmetrical routes 136 and IP alias 136 see also triangle routes 136 B Backup configuration 205 Bandwidth management 68 application-based 153 classes and priorities 158 monitor 162 overview 153 priority 154 services 155 subnet-based 153 Bandwidth management monitor 51 Basic wireless security 59 BitTorrent 155 BSS 259 C CA 265 Certificate Authority 265 certifications 275 notices 276 viewing 276 NBG318S Users Guide Index Dynamic DNS 129 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol 115 Dynamic WEP Key Exchange 266 DynDNS Wildcard 129 E EAP Authentication 265 e-mail 91 Encryption 267 encryption 76 and local (user) database 77 key 77 WPA compatible 77 ESS 260 ESSID 217 Extended Service Set 260 Extended wireless security 60 F Factory LAN defaults 103 FCC interference statement 275 File Transfer Program 155 Firewall 135 Firewall overview guidelines 136 ICMP packets 138 network security Stateful inspection 135 ZyXEL device firewall 135 Firmware upload 203 file extension using HTTP firmware version 47 Fragmentation Threshold 87, 262 FTP 33, 168 FTP. see also File Transfer Program 155 G gateway 150 General wireless LAN screen 79 H Hidden Node 261 HTTP 155 Humidity 223 Hyper Text Transfer Protocol 155 I IANA 242 IBSS 259 IEEE 802.11g 263 IGMP 93, 104 see also Internet Group Multicast Protocol version IGMP version 93, 104 Independent Basic Service Set 259 Install UPnP 173 Windows Me 173 Windows XP 174 Internet Assigned Numbers Authority See IANA Internet connection Ethernet PPPoE. see also PPP over Ethernet PPTP WAN connection Internet connection wizard 60 Internet Group Multicast Protocol 93, 104 IP Address 106, 121 IP address 65 dynamic IP alias 106 IP packet transmission 104 Broadcast Multicast Unicast IP Pool 115 J Java 142 L LAN 103 284 NBG318S Users Guide IP pool setup 103 LAN overview 103 LAN Setup 93 LAN setup 103 LAN TCP/IP 103 Link type 48 local (user) database 76 and encryption 77 Local Area Network 103 Log 189 M MAC 86 MAC address 75, 93 cloning 67, 93 MAC address filter 75 MAC address filtering 86 MAC filter 86 managing the device good habits 33 using FTP. See FTP. using Telnet. See command interface. using the command interface. See command interface. using the web configurator. See web configurator. Media access control 86 Memory usage 47 Metric 151 MSN messenger 155 MSN Webcam 155 Multicast 93, 104 IGMP 93, 104 N NAT 119, 121, 242 overview 119 port forwarding 119 see also Network Address Translation server sets 119 NAT session 126 NAT Traversal 171 Navigation Panel 48 navigation panel 48 NetBIOS 102, 108 see also Network Basic Input/Output System 102 Index Network Basic Input/Output System 108 NMK changing 110 O Operating Channel 47 Output Power 88 P P2P 155 peer-to-peer 155 Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet 61, 96 Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol 62, 98 Pool Size 115 Port forwarding 119, 121 default server 119 example 120 local server 121 port numbers services port speed 48 power line network scenario 110 Power Specification 223 PPPoE 61, 96 benefits 62 dial-up connection see also Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet 61 PPTP 62, 98 see also Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol 62 Preamble Mode 263 priorities 79 Private 151 private network 110 product registration 277 Q QoS 79 QoS priorities 79 Quality of Service (QoS) 88 Network Address Translation 119, 121 NBG318S Users Guide 285 Index R RADIUS 264 Shared Secret Key 265 RADIUS Message Types 264 RADIUS Messages 264 RADIUS server 76 registration product 277 related documentation 3 Remote management 165 and NAT 166 and the firewall 165 FTP 168 limitations 165 remote management session 165 system timeout 166 Reset button 45, 206 Reset the device 45 Restore configuration 205 Restrict Web Features 142 RF (Radio Frequency) 224 RoadRunner 95 Roaming 87 roaming 77 requirements 78 RTS (Request To Send) 262 RTS Threshold 261, 262 RTS/CTS Threshold 87 S safety warnings 6 Security Parameters 269 Service and port numbers 156 Service Set 80 Service Set IDentification 80 Service Set IDentity. See SSID. services and port numbers 271 and protocols 271 Session Initiated Protocol 155 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol 192 SIP 155 SMTP 192 SNMP 136 SSID 47, 73, 80 Static DHCP 116 Static Route 149 Static route and remote node overview Status 45 subnet 235 Subnet Mask 106 subnet mask 65, 236 subnetting 238 Summary 51 Bandwidth management monitor 51 DHCP table 51 Packet statistics 52 Wireless station status 53 syntax conventions 4 System General Setup 185 System Name 186 System name 56 vs computer name System restart 206 T TCP/IP configuration 115 Telnet 166 Temperature 223 Time setting 186 trademarks 275 Triangle routes and IP alias 136 see also asymmetrical routes 136 trigger port 124 Trigger port forwarding 124 example 124 process 124 U Universal Plug and Play 171 Application 171 UPnP 171 Forum 172 security issues 171 URL Keyword Blocking 142 Use Authentication 267 user authentication 76 local (user) database 76 RADIUS server 76 User Name 130 286 NBG318S Users Guide Index system information 56 wireless LAN 57 WLAN Interference 261 Security Parameters 269 WMM 79 WMM priorities 79 World Wide Web 155 WPA compatible 77 WPA, WPA2 266 WWW 91, 155 X Xbox Live 155 Z ZyNOS 47 V VoIP 155 VPN 98 W WAN IP address assignment 64 WAN advanced 101 WAN IP address 64 WAN IP address assignment 66 WAN MAC address 93 warranty 277 note 277 Web Configurator how to access 43 Overview 43 Web configurator navigating 45 web configurator 33 Web Proxy 142 WEP Encryption 82 WEP encryption 81 WEP key 81 Wi-Fi Multimedia QoS 79 Wildcard 129 Windows Networking 108 Wireless association list 53 wireless channel 217 wireless LAN 217 Wireless LAN wizard 57 Wireless network basic guidelines 73 channel 73 encryption 76 example 73 MAC address filter 75 overview 73 security 74 SSID 73 Wireless security 74 overview 75 type 75 wireless security 217 Wireless tutorial 35 Wizard setup 55 Bandwidth management 68 complete 69 Internet connection 60 NBG318S Users Guide 287 Index 288 NBG318S Users Guide