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| 1 | Users manual part1 | Users Manual | 2.30 MiB | September 05 2008 |
NBG460N Wireless N Gigabit Router Users Guide Version 3.60 3/2008 Edition 1 DEFAULT LOGIN IP Address http://192.168.1.1 Password 1234 www.zyxel.com About This User's Guide About This User's Guide Intended Audience This manual is intended for people who want to configure the NBG460N using the web configurator. You should have at least a basic knowledge of TCP/IP networking concepts and topology. Related Documentation Quick Start Guide The Quick Start Guide is designed to help you get up and running right away. It contains information on setting up your network and configuring for Internet access. Supporting Disk Refer to the included CD for support documents. ZyXEL Web Site Please refer to www.zyxel.com for additional support documentation and product certifications. User Guide Feedback Help us help you. Send all User Guide-related comments, questions or suggestions for improvement to the following address, or use e-mail instead. Thank you!
The Technical Writing Team, ZyXEL Communications Corp., 6 Innovation Road II, Science-Based Industrial Park, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan. E-mail: techwriters@zyxel.com.tw NBG460N Users Guide 3 Document Conventions Document Conventions Warnings and Notes These are how warnings and notes are shown in this Users Guide.
Warnings tell you about things that could harm you or your device.
Notes tell you other important information (for example, other things you may need to configure or helpful tips) or recommendations. Syntax Conventions The NBG460N may be referred to as the NBG460N, the device, the product or the system in this Users Guide. Product labels, screen names, field labels and field choices are all in bold font. A key stroke is denoted by square brackets and uppercase text, for example, [ENTER]
means the enter or return key on your keyboard. Enter means for you to type one or more characters and then press the [ENTER] key. Select or choose means for you to use one of the predefined choices. A right angle bracket ( > ) within a screen name denotes a mouse click. For example, Maintenance > Log > Log Setting means you first click Maintenance in the navigation panel, then the Log sub menu and finally the Log Setting tab to get to that screen. Units of measurement may denote the metric value or the scientific value. For example, k for kilo may denote 1000 or 1024, M for mega may denote 1000000 or 1048576 and so on. e.g., is a shorthand for for instance, and i.e., means that is or in other words. 4 NBG460N Users Guide Document Conventions Icons Used in Figures Figures in this Users Guide may use the following generic icons. The NBG460N icon is not an exact representation of your device. NBG460N Computer Notebook computer Server DSLAM Firewall Telephone Switch Router Modem NBG460N Users Guide 5 Safety Warnings Safety Warnings
For your safety, be sure to read and follow all warning notices and instructions. Do NOT use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming pool. Do NOT expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids. Do NOT store things on the device. Do NOT install, use, or service this device during a thunderstorm. There is a remote risk of electric shock from lightning. Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device. Do NOT open the device or unit. Opening or removing covers can expose you to dangerous high voltage points or other risks. ONLY qualified service personnel should service or disassemble this device. Please contact your vendor for further information. Make sure to connect the cables to the correct ports. Place connecting cables carefully so that no one will step on them or stumble over them. Always disconnect all cables from this device before servicing or disassembling. Use ONLY an appropriate power adaptor or cord for your device. Connect the power adaptor or cord to the right supply voltage (for example, 110V AC in North America or 230V AC in Europe). Do NOT allow anything to rest on the power adaptor or cord and do NOT place the product where anyone can walk on the power adaptor or cord. Do NOT use the device if the power adaptor or cord is damaged as it might cause electrocution. If the power adaptor or cord is damaged, remove it from the power outlet. Do NOT attempt to repair the power adaptor or cord. Contact your local vendor to order a new one. Do not use the device outside, and make sure all the connections are indoors. There is a remote risk of electric shock from lightning. Do NOT obstruct the device ventilation slots, as insufficient airflow may harm your device. Antenna Warning! This device meets ETSI and FCC certification requirements when using the included antenna(s). Only use the included antenna(s). If you wall mount your device, make sure that no electrical lines, gas or water pipes will be damaged. This product is recyclable. Dispose of it properly. 6 NBG460N Users Guide Safety Warnings NBG460N Users Guide 7 Safety Warnings 8 NBG460N Users Guide Contents Overview Contents Overview Introduction ............................................................................................................................29 Getting to Know Your NBG460N ............................................................................................... 31 The WPS Button ........................................................................................................................ 35 Introducing the Web Configurator .............................................................................................. 37 Connection Wizard .................................................................................................................... 49 AP Mode .................................................................................................................................... 65 Tutorials ..................................................................................................................................... 73 Network ...................................................................................................................................87 Wireless LAN ............................................................................................................................. 89 WAN .........................................................................................................................................117 LAN .......................................................................................................................................... 127 DHCP ...................................................................................................................................... 133 Network Address Translation (NAT) ........................................................................................ 137 Dynamic DNS .......................................................................................................................... 147 Security .................................................................................................................................151 Firewall .................................................................................................................................... 153 Content Filtering ...................................................................................................................... 161 IPSec VPN ............................................................................................................................... 165 Management .........................................................................................................................193 Static Route Screens ............................................................................................................... 195 Bandwidth Management .......................................................................................................... 199 Remote Management .............................................................................................................. 209 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) ............................................................................................. 215 Maintenance and Troubleshooting .....................................................................................227 System ..................................................................................................................................... 229 Logs ......................................................................................................................................... 233 Tools ........................................................................................................................................ 251 Configuration Mode ................................................................................................................. 257 Sys Op Mode ........................................................................................................................... 259 Language ................................................................................................................................. 263 Troubleshooting ....................................................................................................................... 265 Appendices and Index .........................................................................................................271 NBG460N Users Guide 9 Contents Overview 10 NBG460N Users Guide Table of Contents Table of Contents About This User's Guide ..........................................................................................................3 Document Conventions............................................................................................................4 Safety Warnings........................................................................................................................6 Contents Overview ...................................................................................................................9 Table of Contents....................................................................................................................11 List of Figures .........................................................................................................................19 List of Tables...........................................................................................................................25 Part I: Introduction................................................................................. 29 Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your NBG460N............................................................................................31 1.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 31 1.2 Router Mode ........................................................................................................................ 31 1.3 AP Mode .............................................................................................................................. 32 1.4 Router Features vs. AP Features ........................................................................................ 32 1.5 Ways to Manage the NBG460N .......................................................................................... 33 1.6 Good Habits for Managing the NBG460N ........................................................................... 33 1.7 LEDs .................................................................................................................................... 33 Chapter 2 The WPS Button......................................................................................................................35 2.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 35 Chapter 3 Introducing the Web Configurator ........................................................................................37 3.1 Web Configurator Overview ................................................................................................. 37 3.2 Accessing the Web Configurator ......................................................................................... 37 3.3 Resetting the NBG460N ...................................................................................................... 39 3.3.1 Procedure to Use the Reset Button ........................................................................... 39 3.4 Navigating the Web Configurator ...................................................................................... 39 3.5 The Status Screen in Router Mode ..................................................................................... 39 3.5.1 Navigation Panel ........................................................................................................ 42 NBG460N Users Guide 11 Table of Contents 3.5.2 Summary: Any IP Table .............................................................................................. 44 3.5.3 Summary: Bandwidth Management Monitor ........................................................... 44 3.5.4 Summary: DHCP Table ........................................................................................... 45 3.5.5 Summary: Packet Statistics ..................................................................................... 46 3.5.6 Summary: VPN Monitor ............................................................................................. 47 3.5.7 Summary: Wireless Station Status ......................................................................... 47 Chapter 4 Connection Wizard .................................................................................................................49 4.1 Wizard Setup ....................................................................................................................... 49 4.2 Connection Wizard: STEP 1: System Information ............................................................... 50 4.2.1 System Name ............................................................................................................. 50 4.2.2 Domain Name ............................................................................................................ 51 4.3 Connection Wizard: STEP 2: Wireless LAN ........................................................................ 51 4.3.1 Basic (WEP) Security ................................................................................................. 53 4.3.2 Extend (WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK) Security ............................................................... 54 4.4 Connection Wizard: STEP 3: Internet Configuration ........................................................... 54 4.4.1 Ethernet Connection .................................................................................................. 55 4.4.2 PPPoE Connection .................................................................................................... 55 4.4.3 PPTP Connection ....................................................................................................... 56 4.4.4 Your IP Address ......................................................................................................... 58 4.4.5 WAN IP Address Assignment ..................................................................................... 58 4.4.6 IP Address and Subnet Mask ..................................................................................... 59 4.4.7 DNS Server Address Assignment .............................................................................. 59 4.4.8 WAN IP and DNS Server Address Assignment ......................................................... 60 4.4.9 WAN MAC Address .................................................................................................... 61 4.5 Connection Wizard: STEP 4: Bandwidth management ....................................................... 62 4.6 Connection Wizard Complete .............................................................................................. 62 Chapter 5 AP Mode...................................................................................................................................65 5.1 AP Mode Overview .............................................................................................................. 65 5.2 Setting your NBG460N to AP Mode .................................................................................... 65 5.3 The Status Screen in AP Mode ........................................................................................... 66 5.3.1 Navigation Panel ........................................................................................................ 68 5.4 Configuring Your Settings .................................................................................................... 69 5.4.1 LAN Settings .............................................................................................................. 69 5.4.2 WLAN and Maintenance Settings .............................................................................. 71 5.5 Logging in to the Web Configurator in AP Mode ................................................................. 71 Chapter 6 Tutorials...................................................................................................................................73 6.1 Wireless Tutorials ................................................................................................................ 73 12 NBG460N Users Guide Table of Contents 6.1.1 How to Connect to the Internet from an AP ............................................................... 73 6.1.2 Configure Wireless Security Using WPS on both your NBG460N and Wireless Client 73 6.1.3 Enable and Configure Wireless Security without WPS on your NBG460N ................ 76 6.1.4 Configure Your Notebook ........................................................................................... 78 6.2 Site-To-Site VPN Tunnel Tutorial ......................................................................................... 80 6.2.1 Configuring Bobs NBG460N VPN Settings ............................................................... 81 6.2.2 Configuring Jacks NBG460N VPN Settings .............................................................. 83 6.2.3 Checking the VPN Connection ................................................................................... 84 Part II: Network....................................................................................... 87 Chapter 7 Wireless LAN...........................................................................................................................89 7.1 Wireless Network Overview ................................................................................................. 89 7.2 Wireless Security Overview ................................................................................................. 90 7.2.1 SSID ........................................................................................................................... 90 7.2.2 MAC Address Filter .................................................................................................... 90 7.2.3 User Authentication .................................................................................................... 90 7.2.4 Encryption .................................................................................................................. 91 7.3 Roaming .............................................................................................................................. 92 7.3.1 Requirements for Roaming ........................................................................................ 93 7.4 Quality of Service ................................................................................................................ 93 7.4.1 WMM QoS .................................................................................................................. 94 7.5 General Wireless LAN Screen ............................................................................................ 94 7.5.1 No Security ................................................................................................................. 96 7.5.2 WEP Encryption ......................................................................................................... 96 7.5.3 WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK ................................................................................................ 98 7.5.4 WPA/WPA2 ................................................................................................................ 99 7.6 MAC Filter .......................................................................................................................... 101 7.7 Wireless LAN Advanced Screen ....................................................................................... 102 7.8 Quality of Service (QoS) Screen ....................................................................................... 103 7.8.1 Application Priority Configuration ............................................................................. 105 7.9 WiFi Protected Setup ......................................................................................................... 106 7.9.1 WPS Screen ............................................................................................................. 106 7.9.2 WPS Station Screen ................................................................................................. 107 7.9.3 Scheduling ............................................................................................................... 107 7.10 iPod Touch Web Configurator .......................................................................................... 108 7.10.1 Login Screen .......................................................................................................... 109 7.10.2 System Status .........................................................................................................110 7.10.3 WPS in Progress .....................................................................................................112 7.10.4 Port Forwarding .......................................................................................................113 NBG460N Users Guide 13 Table of Contents 7.11 Accessing the iPod Touch Web Configurator ....................................................................114 7.11.1 Accessing the iPod Touch Web Configurator ..........................................................115 Chapter 8 WAN........................................................................................................................................ 117 8.1 WAN Overview ...................................................................................................................117 8.2 WAN MAC Address ............................................................................................................117 8.3 Multicast .............................................................................................................................117 8.4 Internet Connection ............................................................................................................118 8.4.1 Ethernet Encapsulation .............................................................................................118 8.4.2 PPPoE Encapsulation ...............................................................................................119 8.4.3 PPTP Encapsulation ................................................................................................ 122 8.5 Advanced WAN Screen ..................................................................................................... 125 Chapter 9 LAN.........................................................................................................................................127 9.1 LAN Overview .................................................................................................................... 127 9.1.1 IP Pool Setup ........................................................................................................... 127 9.1.2 System DNS Servers ............................................................................................... 127 9.2 LAN TCP/IP ....................................................................................................................... 127 9.2.1 Factory LAN Defaults ............................................................................................... 127 9.2.2 IP Address and Subnet Mask ................................................................................... 128 9.2.3 Multicast ................................................................................................................... 128 9.2.4 Any IP ....................................................................................................................... 128 9.3 LAN IP Screen ................................................................................................................... 130 9.4 LAN IP Alias ..................................................................................................................... 130 9.5 Advanced LAN Screen ...................................................................................................... 131 Chapter 10 DHCP......................................................................................................................................133 10.1 DHCP .............................................................................................................................. 133 10.2 DHCP General Screen .................................................................................................... 133 10.3 DHCP Advanced Screen .............................................................................................. 134 10.4 Client List Screen ............................................................................................................ 135 Chapter 11 Network Address Translation (NAT)....................................................................................137 11.1 NAT Overview ............................................................................................................... 137 11.2 Using NAT ........................................................................................................................ 137 11.2.1 Port Forwarding: Services and Port Numbers ........................................................ 137 11.2.2 Configuring Servers Behind Port Forwarding Example .......................................... 138 11.3 General NAT Screen ........................................................................................................ 138 11.4 NAT Application Screen ................................................................................................. 139 14 NBG460N Users Guide Table of Contents 11.4.1 Game List Example ................................................................................................ 141 11.5 Trigger Port Forwarding ................................................................................................... 142 11.5.1 Trigger Port Forwarding Example ........................................................................... 142 11.5.2 Two Points To Remember About Trigger Ports ...................................................... 143 11.6 NAT Advanced Screen ..................................................................................................... 143 Chapter 12 Dynamic DNS ........................................................................................................................147 12.1 Dynamic DNS Introduction ............................................................................................. 147 12.1.1 DynDNS Wildcard .................................................................................................. 147 12.2 Dynamic DNS Screen .................................................................................................... 147 Part III: Security.................................................................................... 151 Chapter 13 Firewall...................................................................................................................................153 13.1 Introduction to ZyXELs Firewall .................................................................................... 153 13.1.1 What is a Firewall? ................................................................................................. 153 13.1.2 Stateful Inspection Firewall .................................................................................... 153 13.1.3 About the NBG460N Firewall ................................................................................. 153 13.1.4 Guidelines For Enhancing Security With Your Firewall .......................................... 154 13.2 Triangle Routes ............................................................................................................... 154 13.2.1 Triangle Routes and IP Alias .................................................................................. 154 13.3 General Firewall Screen ............................................................................................... 155 13.4 Services Screen ............................................................................................................. 156 13.4.1 The Add Firewall Rule Screen ............................................................................... 157 Chapter 14 Content Filtering ...................................................................................................................161 14.1 Introduction to Content Filtering ...................................................................................... 161 14.2 Restrict Web Features ..................................................................................................... 161 14.3 Days and Times ............................................................................................................... 161 14.4 Filter Screen .................................................................................................................... 161 14.5 Schedule .......................................................................................................................... 163 14.6 Customizing Keyword Blocking URL Checking ............................................................... 164 14.6.1 Domain Name or IP Address URL Checking ......................................................... 164 14.6.2 Full Path URL Checking ......................................................................................... 164 14.6.3 File Name URL Checking ....................................................................................... 164 Chapter 15 IPSec VPN..............................................................................................................................165 NBG460N Users Guide 15 Table of Contents 15.1 IPSec VPN Overview ....................................................................................................... 165 15.1.1 What You Can Do in the IPSec VPN Screens ........................................................ 165 15.1.2 What You Need To Know About IPSec VPN .......................................................... 166 15.1.3 IKE SA (IKE Phase 1) Overview ............................................................................ 166 15.1.4 IPSec SA (IKE Phase 2) Overview ...................................................................... 167 15.2 The General Screen ........................................................................................................ 167 15.2.1 VPN Rule Setup (Basic) ......................................................................................... 168 15.2.2 VPN Rule Setup (Advanced) .................................................................................. 173 15.2.3 VPN Rule Setup (Manual) ...................................................................................... 179 15.3 The SA Monitor Screen ................................................................................................... 183 15.4 VPN and Remote Management ....................................................................................... 184 15.5 IPSec VPN Technical Reference ..................................................................................... 185 Part IV: Management............................................................................ 193 Chapter 16 Static Route Screens ............................................................................................................195 16.1 Static Route Overview ..................................................................................................... 195 16.2 IP Static Route Screen .................................................................................................... 195 16.2.1 Static Route Setup Screen ................................................................................... 196 Chapter 17 Bandwidth Management.......................................................................................................199 17.1 Bandwidth Management Overview ................................................................................. 199 17.2 Application-based Bandwidth Management .................................................................... 199 17.3 Subnet-based Bandwidth Management .......................................................................... 199 17.4 Application and Subnet-based Bandwidth Management ................................................. 200 17.5 Bandwidth Management Priorities ................................................................................... 200 17.6 Predefined Bandwidth Management Services ................................................................. 201 17.6.1 Services and Port Numbers ................................................................................... 201 17.7 Default Bandwidth Management Classes and Priorities .................................................. 202 17.8 Bandwidth Management General Configuration ............................................................. 202 17.9 Bandwidth Management Advanced Configuration .......................................................... 203 17.9.1 Rule Configuration with the Pre-defined Service ................................................ 205 17.9.2 Rule Configuration: User Defined Service Rule Configuration ............................ 205 17.10 Bandwidth Management Monitor ................................................................................ 206 Chapter 18 Remote Management............................................................................................................209 18.1 Remote Management Overview ...................................................................................... 209 18.1.1 Remote Management Limitations .......................................................................... 209 16 NBG460N Users Guide Table of Contents 18.1.2 Remote Management and NAT .............................................................................. 210 18.1.3 System Timeout .................................................................................................... 210 18.2 WWW Screen ............................................................................................................... 210 18.3 Telnet ................................................................................................................................211 18.4 Telnet Screen ....................................................................................................................211 18.5 FTP Screen ..................................................................................................................... 212 18.6 DNS Screen .................................................................................................................. 212 Chapter 19 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)..........................................................................................215 19.1 Introducing Universal Plug and Play ............................................................................... 215 19.1.1 How do I know if I'm using UPnP? ......................................................................... 215 19.1.2 NAT Traversal ........................................................................................................ 215 19.1.3 Cautions with UPnP ............................................................................................... 215 19.2 UPnP and ZyXEL ............................................................................................................ 216 19.3 UPnP Screen ................................................................................................................... 216 19.4 Installing UPnP in Windows Example .............................................................................. 217 Part V: Maintenance and Troubleshooting ........................................ 227 Chapter 20 System ...................................................................................................................................229 20.1 System Overview ............................................................................................................. 229 20.2 System General Screen ................................................................................................. 229 20.3 Time Setting Screen ........................................................................................................ 230 Chapter 21 Logs .......................................................................................................................................233 21.1 View Log ......................................................................................................................... 233 21.2 Log Settings ..................................................................................................................... 234 21.3 Log Descriptions .............................................................................................................. 237 Chapter 22 Tools.......................................................................................................................................251 22.1 Firmware Upload Screen ................................................................................................. 251 22.2 Configuration Screen ....................................................................................................... 252 22.2.1 Backup Configuration ............................................................................................. 253 22.2.2 Restore Configuration ............................................................................................ 253 22.2.3 Back to Factory Defaults ........................................................................................ 254 22.3 Restart Screen ................................................................................................................. 254 22.4 Wake On LAN .................................................................................................................. 255 NBG460N Users Guide 17 Table of Contents Chapter 23 Configuration Mode..............................................................................................................257 Chapter 24 Sys Op Mode .........................................................................................................................259 24.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 259 24.1.1 Router .................................................................................................................... 259 24.1.2 AP .......................................................................................................................... 259 24.2 Selecting System Operation Mode .................................................................................. 260 Chapter 25 Language...............................................................................................................................263 25.1 Language Screen ............................................................................................................ 263 Chapter 26 Troubleshooting....................................................................................................................265 26.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs ...................................................................... 265 26.2 NBG460N Access and Login ........................................................................................... 266 26.3 Internet Access ................................................................................................................ 268 26.4 Resetting the NBG460N to Its Factory Defaults .............................................................. 269 26.5 Wireless Router/AP Troubleshooting ............................................................................... 269 26.6 Advanced Features ......................................................................................................... 270 Part VI: Appendices and Index ........................................................... 271 Appendix A Product Specifications and Wall-Mounting Instructions ....................................273 Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions ......................................279 Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting ...........................................................................285 Appendix D Setting up Your Computers IP Address ...........................................................293 26.6.1 Verifying Settings ................................................................................................... 308 Appendix E Wireless LANs ..................................................................................................309 26.6.2 WPA(2)-PSK Application Example ......................................................................... 318 26.6.3 WPA(2) with RADIUS Application Example ........................................................... 318 Appendix F Services ............................................................................................................321 Appendix G Legal Information..............................................................................................325 Appendix H Customer Support.............................................................................................329 Index.......................................................................................................................................335 18 NBG460N Users Guide List of Figures List of Figures Figure 1 Secure Wireless Internet Access in Router Mode ................................................................... 31 Figure 2 Wireless Internet Access in AP Mode ..................................................................................... 32 Figure 3 Front Panel ............................................................................................................................... 33 Figure 4 Change Password Screen ........................................................................................................ 38 Figure 5 Selecting the setup mode ....................................................................................................... 39 Figure 6 Web Configurator Status Screen ............................................................................................. 40 Figure 7 Any IP Table ............................................................................................................................ 44 Figure 8 Summary: BW MGMT Monitor ................................................................................................. 45 Figure 9 Summary: DHCP Table ............................................................................................................ 45 Figure 10 Summary: Packet Statistics ................................................................................................... 46 Figure 11 Summary: VPN Monitor .......................................................................................................... 47 Figure 12 Summary: Wireless Association List ...................................................................................... 47 Figure 13 Select Wizard or Advanced Mode .......................................................................................... 49 Figure 14 Select a Language ................................................................................................................. 50 Figure 15 Welcome to the Connection Wizard ....................................................................................... 50 Figure 16 Wizard Step 1: System Information ........................................................................................ 51 Figure 17 Wizard Step 2: Wireless LAN ................................................................................................. 52 Figure 18 Wizard Step 2: Basic (WEP) Security ..................................................................................... 53 Figure 19 Wizard Step 2: Extend (WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK) Security ................................................... 54 Figure 20 Wizard Step 3: ISP Parameters. ............................................................................................ 55 Figure 21 Wizard Step 3: Ethernet Connection ...................................................................................... 55 Figure 22 Wizard Step 3: PPPoE Connection ........................................................................................ 56 Figure 23 Wizard Step 3: PPTP Connection .......................................................................................... 57 Figure 24 Wizard Step 3: Your IP Address ............................................................................................. 58 Figure 25 Wizard Step 3: WAN IP and DNS Server Addresses ............................................................. 60 Figure 26 Wizard Step 3: WAN MAC Address ........................................................................................ 61 Figure 27 Wizard Step 4: Bandwidth Management ............................................................................... 62 Figure 28 Connection Wizard Save ....................................................................................................... 63 Figure 29 Connection Wizard Complete ................................................................................................. 63 Figure 30 Wireless Internet Access in AP Mode ................................................................................... 65 Figure 31 Maintenance > Sys OP Mode > General ................................................................................ 66 Figure 32 Status: AP Mode .................................................................................................................... 66 Figure 33 Menu: AP Mode ...................................................................................................................... 68 Figure 34 Network > LAN > IP ............................................................................................................. 70 Figure 35 Wireless AP Connection to the Internet ................................................................................. 73 Figure 36 Example WPS Process: PBC Method .................................................................................... 75 Figure 37 Example WPS Process: PIN Method ..................................................................................... 76 Figure 38 Network > Wireless LAN > General ....................................................................................... 77 NBG460N Users Guide 19 List of Figures Figure 39 Status: AP Mode ..................................................................................................................... 78 Figure 40 Connecting a Wireless Client to a Wireless Network t ........................................................... 79 Figure 41 Security Settings ................................................................................................................... 79 Figure 42 Confirm Save .......................................................................................................................... 79 Figure 43 Link Status ............................................................................................................................. 80 Figure 44 Site-To-Site VPN Tunnel ......................................................................................................... 80 Figure 45 Property .................................................................................................................................. 81 Figure 46 Local Policy ............................................................................................................................ 81 Figure 47 Remote Policy ........................................................................................................................ 82 Figure 48 Authentication Method ............................................................................................................ 82 Figure 49 IPSec Algorithm ...................................................................................................................... 82 Figure 50 VPN Summary ........................................................................................................................ 83 Figure 51 Property .................................................................................................................................. 83 Figure 52 Local Policy ............................................................................................................................ 83 Figure 53 Remote Policy ........................................................................................................................ 83 Figure 54 Authentication Method ............................................................................................................ 84 Figure 55 IPSec Algorithm ...................................................................................................................... 84 Figure 56 VPN Summary ........................................................................................................................ 84 Figure 57 Pinging Jacks Local IP Address ............................................................................................ 85 Figure 58 SA Monitor .............................................................................................................................. 85 Figure 59 Example of a Wireless Network ............................................................................................. 89 Figure 60 Roaming Example .................................................................................................................. 93 Figure 61 Network > Wireless LAN > General ...................................................................................... 95 Figure 62 Network > Wireless LAN > General: No Security ................................................................... 96 Figure 63 Network > Wireless LAN > General: Static WEP ................................................................... 97 Figure 64 Network > Wireless LAN > General: WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK .................................................. 98 Figure 65 Network > Wireless LAN > General: WPA/WPA2 ................................................................. 100 Figure 66 Network > Wireless LAN > MAC Filter ................................................................................. 102 Figure 67 Network > Wireless LAN > Advanced .................................................................................. 103 Figure 68 Network > Wireless LAN > QoS .......................................................................................... 104 Figure 69 Network > Wireless LAN > QoS: Application Priority Configuration ..................................... 105 Figure 70 WPS ..................................................................................................................................... 106 Figure 71 WPS Station ......................................................................................................................... 107 Figure 72 Scheduling ............................................................................................................................ 108 Figure 73 Login Screen ........................................................................................................................ 109 Figure 74 System Status screen ............................................................................................................111 Figure 75 WPS In Progress ...................................................................................................................113 Figure 76 Port Forwarding .....................................................................................................................114 Figure 77 Login Screen .........................................................................................................................115 Figure 78 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: Ethernet Encapsulation ..........................................118 Figure 79 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPPoE Encapsulation ........................................... 120 Figure 80 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPTP Encapsulation ............................................. 123 Figure 81 Network > WAN > Advanced ............................................................................................... 125 20 NBG460N Users Guide List of Figures Figure 82 Any IP Example .................................................................................................................... 129 Figure 83 Network > LAN > IP ............................................................................................................. 130 Figure 84 Network > LAN > IP Alias .................................................................................................... 131 Figure 85 Network > LAN > Advanced .............................................................................................. 131 Figure 86 Network > DHCP > General .............................................................................................. 133 Figure 87 Network > DHCP > Advanced ............................................................................................. 134 Figure 88 Network > DHCP > Client List ............................................................................................. 136 Figure 89 Multiple Servers Behind NAT Example ................................................................................ 138 Figure 90 Network > NAT > General ................................................................................................... 138 Figure 91 Network > NAT > Application .............................................................................................. 140 Figure 92 Game List Example .............................................................................................................. 142 Figure 93 Trigger Port Forwarding Process: Example .......................................................................... 143 Figure 94 Network > NAT > Advanced ................................................................................................ 144 Figure 95 Dynamic DNS ....................................................................................................................... 148 Figure 96 Using IP Alias to Solve the Triangle Route Problem ............................................................ 155 Figure 97 Security > Firewall > General l ............................................................................................. 155 Figure 98 Security > Firewall > Services ............................................................................................. 156 Figure 99 Security > Firewall > Services > Adding a Rule .................................................................. 158 Figure 100 Security > Content Filter > Filter ........................................................................................ 162 Figure 101 Security > Content Filter > Schedule .................................................................................. 163 Figure 102 IPSec VPN: Overview ........................................................................................................ 165 Figure 103 VPN: IKE SA and IPSec SA .............................................................................................. 166 Figure 104 Security > VPN > General .................................................................................................. 167 Figure 105 IPSec Fields Summary ..................................................................................................... 169 Figure 106 Security > VPN > General > Rule Setup: IKE (Basic) ........................................................ 169 Figure 107 Security > VPN > General > Rule Setup: IKE (Advanced) ................................................. 174 Figure 108 Security > VPN > General > Rule Setup: Manual .............................................................. 180 Figure 109 Security > VPN > SA Monitor ............................................................................................. 183 Figure 110 VPN for Remote Management Example ............................................................................ 184 Figure 111 IKE SA: Main Negotiation Mode, Steps 1 - 2: IKE SA Proposal ......................................... 185 Figure 112 IKE SA: Main Negotiation Mode, Steps 3 - 4: DH Key Exchange ....................................... 185 Figure 113 IKE SA: Main Negotiation Mode, Steps 5 - 6: Authentication ............................................. 186 Figure 114 VPN/NAT Example ............................................................................................................. 188 Figure 115 VPN: Transport and Tunnel Mode Encapsulation ............................................................... 189 Figure 116 Private DNS Server Example ............................................................................................. 191 Figure 117 Example of Static Routing Topology ................................................................................... 195 Figure 118 Management > Static Route > IP Static Route ................................................................... 196 Figure 119 Management > Static Route > IP Static Route: Static Route Setup .................................... 197 Figure 120 Subnet-based Bandwidth Management Example .............................................................. 200 Figure 121 Management > Bandwidth MGMT > General .................................................................. 202 Figure 122 Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Advanced ................................................................ 203 Figure 123 Bandwidth Management Rule Configuration: Pre-defined Service .................................... 205 Figure 124 Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Advanced: User-defined Service Rule Configuration 206 NBG460N Users Guide 21 List of Figures Figure 125 Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Monitor .................................................................... 207 Figure 126 Management > Remote MGMT > WWW .......................................................................... 210 Figure 127 Management > Remote MGMT > Telnet ............................................................................211 Figure 128 Management > Remote MGMT > FTP .............................................................................. 212 Figure 129 Management > Remote MGMT > DNS ............................................................................. 213 Figure 130 Management > UPnP > General ....................................................................................... 216 Figure 131 Add/Remove Programs: Windows Setup: Communication ................................................ 217 Figure 132 Add/Remove Programs: Windows Setup: Communication: Components .......................... 218 Figure 133 Network Connections ......................................................................................................... 218 Figure 134 Windows Optional Networking Components Wizard .......................................................... 219 Figure 135 Networking Services ........................................................................................................... 219 Figure 136 Network Connections ......................................................................................................... 220 Figure 137 Internet Connection Properties .......................................................................................... 221 Figure 138 Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings ........................................................... 222 Figure 139 Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings: Add .................................................. 222 Figure 140 System Tray Icon ................................................................................................................ 223 Figure 141 Internet Connection Status ................................................................................................. 223 Figure 142 Network Connections ......................................................................................................... 224 Figure 143 Network Connections: My Network Places ........................................................................ 225 Figure 144 Network Connections: My Network Places: Properties: Example ...................................... 225 Figure 145 Maintenance > System > General ..................................................................................... 229 Figure 146 Maintenance > System > Time Setting .............................................................................. 230 Figure 147 Maintenance > Logs > View Log ....................................................................................... 233 Figure 148 Maintenance > Logs > Log Settings .................................................................................. 235 Figure 149 Maintenance > Tools > Firmware ...................................................................................... 251 Figure 150 Upload Warning .................................................................................................................. 252 Figure 151 Network Temporarily Disconnected .................................................................................... 252 Figure 152 Upload Error Message ....................................................................................................... 252 Figure 153 Maintenance > Tools > Configuration ................................................................................ 253 Figure 154 Configuration Restore Successful ...................................................................................... 254 Figure 155 Temporarily Disconnected .................................................................................................. 254 Figure 156 Configuration Restore Error ............................................................................................... 254 Figure 157 Maintenance > Tools > Restart .......................................................................................... 255 Figure 158 Maintenance > Tools > Wake On LAN .............................................................................. 255 Figure 159 Maintenance > Config Mode > General ............................................................................ 257 Figure 160 LAN and WAN IP Addresses in Router Mode .................................................................... 259 Figure 161 IP Address in AP Mode ...................................................................................................... 260 Figure 162 Maintenance > Sys OP Mode > General ........................................................................... 260 Figure 163 Maintenance > Sys Op Mode > General: Router ............................................................... 260 Figure 164 Maintenance > Sys Op Mode > General: AP ..................................................................... 261 Figure 165 Language ........................................................................................................................... 263 Figure 166 Wall-mounting Example ...................................................................................................... 277 Figure 167 Masonry Plug and M4 Tap Screw ....................................................................................... 278 22 NBG460N Users Guide List of Figures Figure 168 Pop-up Blocker ................................................................................................................... 279 Figure 169 Internet Options: Privacy .................................................................................................... 280 Figure 170 Internet Options: Privacy .................................................................................................... 281 Figure 171 Pop-up Blocker Settings ..................................................................................................... 281 Figure 172 Internet Options: Security ................................................................................................... 282 Figure 173 Security Settings - Java Scripting ....................................................................................... 283 Figure 174 Security Settings - Java ...................................................................................................... 283 Figure 175 Java (Sun) .......................................................................................................................... 284 Figure 176 Network Number and Host ID ............................................................................................ 286 Figure 177 Subnetting Example: Before Subnetting ............................................................................ 288 Figure 178 Subnetting Example: After Subnetting ............................................................................... 289 Figure 179 WIndows 95/98/Me: Network: Configuration ...................................................................... 294 Figure 180 Windows 95/98/Me: TCP/IP Properties: IP Address .......................................................... 295 Figure 181 Windows 95/98/Me: TCP/IP Properties: DNS Configuration .............................................. 296 Figure 182 Windows XP: Start Menu .................................................................................................... 297 Figure 183 Windows XP: Control Panel ............................................................................................... 297 Figure 184 Windows XP: Control Panel: Network Connections: Properties ......................................... 298 Figure 185 Windows XP: Local Area Connection Properties ............................................................... 298 Figure 186 Windows XP: Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties .......................................................... 299 Figure 187 Windows XP: Advanced TCP/IP Properties ....................................................................... 300 Figure 188 Windows XP: Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties .......................................................... 301 Figure 189 Macintosh OS 8/9: Apple Menu .......................................................................................... 302 Figure 190 Macintosh OS 8/9: TCP/IP ................................................................................................. 302 Figure 191 Macintosh OS X: Apple Menu ............................................................................................ 303 Figure 192 Macintosh OS X: Network .................................................................................................. 304 Figure 193 Red Hat 9.0: KDE: Network Configuration: Devices ......................................................... 305 Figure 194 Red Hat 9.0: KDE: Ethernet Device: General ................................................................... 306 Figure 195 Red Hat 9.0: KDE: Network Configuration: DNS ............................................................... 306 Figure 196 Red Hat 9.0: KDE: Network Configuration: Activate ......................................................... 307 Figure 197 Red Hat 9.0: Dynamic IP Address Setting in ifconfig-eth0 ................................................ 307 Figure 198 Red Hat 9.0: Static IP Address Setting in ifconfig-eth0 ................................................... 307 Figure 199 Red Hat 9.0: DNS Settings in resolv.conf ........................................................................ 308 Figure 200 Red Hat 9.0: Restart Ethernet Card .................................................................................. 308 Figure 201 Red Hat 9.0: Checking TCP/IP Properties ........................................................................ 308 Figure 202 Peer-to-Peer Communication in an Ad-hoc Network ......................................................... 309 Figure 203 Basic Service Set ............................................................................................................... 310 Figure 204 Infrastructure WLAN ............................................................................................................311 Figure 205 RTS/CTS ........................................................................................................................... 312 Figure 206 WPA(2)-PSK Authentication ............................................................................................... 318 NBG460N Users Guide 23 List of Figures 24 NBG460N Users Guide List of Tables List of Tables Table 1 Features Available in Router Mode vs. AP Mode ..................................................................... 32 Table 2 Front Panel LEDs ...................................................................................................................... 33 Table 3 Status Screen Icon Key ............................................................................................................. 40 Table 4 Web Configurator Status Screen ........................................................................................... 40 Table 5 Screens Summary .................................................................................................................... 42 Table 6 Summary: DHCP Table ............................................................................................................. 45 Table 7 Summary: Packet Statistics ...................................................................................................... 46 Table 8 Summary: Wireless Association List ......................................................................................... 47 Table 9 Summary: Wireless Association List ......................................................................................... 48 Table 10 Wizard Step 1: System Information ......................................................................................... 51 Table 11 Wizard Step 2: Wireless LAN .................................................................................................. 52 Table 12 Wizard Step 2: Basic (WEP) Security ..................................................................................... 53 Table 13 Wizard Step 2: Extend (WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK) Security ................................................... 54 Table 14 Wizard Step 3: ISP Parameters .............................................................................................. 55 Table 15 Wizard Step 3: PPPoE Connection ......................................................................................... 56 Table 16 Wizard Step 3: PPTP Connection ........................................................................................... 57 Table 17 Wizard Step 3: Your IP Address .............................................................................................. 58 Table 18 Private IP Address Ranges ..................................................................................................... 58 Table 19 Wizard Step 3: WAN IP and DNS Server Addresses .............................................................. 60 Table 20 Example of Network Properties for LAN Servers with Fixed IP Addresses ............................ 61 Table 21 Wizard Step 3: WAN MAC Address ........................................................................................ 61 Table 22 Wizard Step 4: Bandwidth Management ................................................................................. 62 Table 23 Web Configurator Status Screen ........................................................................................... 67 Table 24 Screens Summary .................................................................................................................. 68 Table 25 Network > LAN > IP ............................................................................................................... 70 Table 26 Site-To-Site VPN Tunnel Settings ........................................................................................... 80 Table 27 Types of Encryption for Each Type of Authentication ............................................................. 91 Table 28 WMM QoS Priorities ............................................................................................................... 94 Table 29 Network > Wireless LAN > General ........................................................................................ 95 Table 30 Wireless No Security ............................................................................................................... 96 Table 31 Network > Wireless LAN > General: Static WEP .................................................................... 97 Table 32 Network > Wireless LAN > General: WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK .................................................. 99 Table 33 Network > Wireless LAN > General: WPA/WPA2 ................................................................. 100 Table 34 Network > Wireless LAN > MAC Filter .................................................................................. 102 Table 35 Network > Wireless LAN > Advanced ................................................................................... 103 Table 36 Network > Wireless LAN > QoS ............................................................................................ 104 Table 37 WPS ...................................................................................................................................... 106 Table 38 WPS Station .......................................................................................................................... 107 NBG460N Users Guide 25 List of Tables Table 39 Scheduling ............................................................................................................................ 108 Table 40 Login Screen ......................................................................................................................... 109 Table 41 System Status screen ............................................................................................................111 Table 42 Port Forwarding .....................................................................................................................114 Table 43 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: Ethernet Encapsulation ...........................................119 Table 44 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPPoE Encapsulation ............................................ 121 Table 45 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPTP Encapsulation .............................................. 123 Table 46 WAN > Advanced .................................................................................................................. 125 Table 47 Network > LAN > IP .............................................................................................................. 130 Table 48 Network > LAN > IP Alias ..................................................................................................... 131 Table 49 Network > LAN > Advanced .................................................................................................. 132 Table 50 Network > DHCP > General .................................................................................................. 133 Table 51 Network > DHCP > Advanced .............................................................................................. 134 Table 52 Network > DHCP > Client List ............................................................................................... 136 Table 53 Network > NAT > General ..................................................................................................... 139 Table 54 NAT Application .................................................................................................................... 140 Table 55 Network > NAT > Advanced .................................................................................................. 144 Table 56 Dynamic DNS ....................................................................................................................... 148 Table 57 Security > Firewall > General ................................................................................................ 155 Table 58 Security > Firewall > Services ............................................................................................... 156 Table 59 Security > Firewall > Services > Adding a Rule .................................................................... 158 Table 60 Security > Content Filter > Filter ........................................................................................... 162 Table 61 Security > Content Filter > Schedule .................................................................................... 163 Table 62 Security > VPN > General ..................................................................................................... 168 Table 63 SECURITY > VPN > Rule Setup: IKE (Basic) ...................................................................... 170 Table 64 Security > VPN > Rule Setup: IKE (Advanced) .................................................................... 175 Table 65 Security > VPN > Rule Setup: Manual .................................................................................. 180 Table 66 Security > VPN > SA Monitor ................................................................................................ 184 Table 67 VPN Example: Matching ID Type and Content ..................................................................... 186 Table 68 VPN Example: Mismatching ID Type and Content ............................................................... 187 Table 69 Management > Static Route > IP Static Route ...................................................................... 196 Table 70 Management > Static Route > IP Static Route: Static Route Setup ...................................... 197 Table 71 Application and Subnet-based Bandwidth Management Example ....................................... 200 Table 72 Bandwidth Management Priorities ........................................................................................ 200 Table 73 Media Bandwidth Management Setup: Services .................................................................. 201 Table 74 Bandwidth Management Priority with Default Classes ......................................................... 202 Table 75 Management > Bandwidth MGMT > General ....................................................................... 203 Table 76 Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Advanced .................................................................... 204 Table 77 Bandwidth Management Rule Configuration: Pre-defined Service ....................................... 205 Table 78 Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Advanced: User-defined Service Rule Configuration . 206 Table 79 Management > Remote MGMT > WWW .............................................................................. 210 Table 80 Management > Remote MGMT > Telnet ................................................................................211 Table 81 Management > Remote MGMT > FTP ................................................................................. 212 26 NBG460N Users Guide List of Tables Table 82 Management > Remote MGMT > DNS ................................................................................. 213 Table 83 Management > UPnP > General ........................................................................................... 216 Table 84 Maintenance > System > General ........................................................................................ 229 Table 85 Maintenance > System > Time Setting ................................................................................. 231 Table 86 Maintenance > Logs > View Log ........................................................................................... 234 Table 87 Maintenance > Logs > Log Settings ..................................................................................... 235 Table 88 System Maintenance Logs .................................................................................................... 237 Table 89 System Error Logs ................................................................................................................ 238 Table 90 Access Control Logs ............................................................................................................. 238 Table 91 TCP Reset Logs .................................................................................................................... 238 Table 92 Packet Filter Logs ................................................................................................................. 239 Table 93 ICMP Logs ............................................................................................................................ 239 Table 94 CDR Logs ............................................................................................................................. 240 Table 95 PPP Logs .............................................................................................................................. 240 Table 96 UPnP Logs ............................................................................................................................ 240 Table 97 Content Filtering Logs ........................................................................................................... 240 Table 98 Attack Logs ........................................................................................................................... 241 Table 99 IPSec Logs ............................................................................................................................ 242 Table 100 IKE Logs ............................................................................................................................. 242 Table 101 PKI Logs ............................................................................................................................. 245 Table 102 802.1X Logs ........................................................................................................................ 246 Table 103 ACL Setting Notes .............................................................................................................. 247 Table 104 ICMP Notes ......................................................................................................................... 247 Table 105 Syslog Logs ........................................................................................................................ 248 Table 106 RFC-2408 ISAKMP Payload Types .................................................................................... 249 Table 107 Maintenance > Tools > Firmware ........................................................................................ 251 Table 108 Maintenance Restore Configuration ................................................................................... 253 Table 109 Maintenance > Tools > Wake On LAN ................................................................................ 255 Table 110 Maintenance > Config Mode > General ............................................................................. 257 Table 111 Advanced Configuration Options ........................................................................................ 258 Table 112 Maintenance > Sys OP Mode > General ........................................................................... 261 Table 113 Hardware Features ............................................................................................................. 273 Table 114 Firmware Features .............................................................................................................. 274 Table 115 Feature Specifications ......................................................................................................... 275 Table 116 Standards Supported .......................................................................................................... 276 Table 117 Subnet Mask - Identifying Network Number ........................................................................ 286 Table 118 Subnet Masks ..................................................................................................................... 287 Table 119 Maximum Host Numbers ..................................................................................................... 287 Table 120 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation ....................................................................................... 287 Table 121 Subnet 1 .............................................................................................................................. 289 Table 122 Subnet 2 .............................................................................................................................. 290 Table 123 Subnet 3 .............................................................................................................................. 290 Table 124 Subnet 4 .............................................................................................................................. 290 NBG460N Users Guide 27 List of Tables Table 125 Eight Subnets ...................................................................................................................... 290 Table 126 24-bit Network Number Subnet Planning ............................................................................ 291 Table 127 16-bit Network Number Subnet Planning ............................................................................ 291 Table 128 IEEE 802.11g ...................................................................................................................... 313 Table 129 Comparison of EAP Authentication Types .......................................................................... 316 Table 130 Wireless Security Relational Matrix .................................................................................... 319 Table 131 Examples of Services ......................................................................................................... 321 28 NBG460N Users Guide PART I Introduction Getting to Know Your NBG460N (31) The WPS Button (35) Introducing the Web Configurator (37) Connection Wizard (49) AP Mode (65) Tutorials (73) 29 30 CHAPTER 1 Getting to Know Your NBG460N This chapter introduces the main features and applications of the NBG460N. 1.1 Overview The NBG460N acts as either an access point (AP) or a secure broadband router for all data passing between the Internet and your local network. In both AP and Router Mode you can set up a wireless network with other IEEE 802.11b/g/n compatible devices. In Router Mode a number of services such as a firewall, IPSec VPN and content filtering are also available. You can use media bandwidth management to efficiently manage traffic on your network. Bandwidth management features allow you to prioritize time-sensitive or highly important applications such as Voice over the Internet (VoIP). The NBG460N also uses MIMO (Multiple-Input, Multiple-Output) antenna technology and Gigabit Ethernet ports to deliver high-speed wireless networking. 1.2 Router Mode Select Router Mode if you need to route traffic between your network and another network such as the Internet, and require important network services such as a firewall or bandwidth management. The following figure shows computers in a WLAN connecting to the NBG460N (A), which has a DSL connection to the Internet. The NBG460N is set to Router Mode and has router features such as a built-in firewall (B). Figure 1 Secure Wireless Internet Access in Router Mode A B NBG460N Users Guide 31 Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your NBG460N 1.3 AP Mode Select AP Mode if you already have a router or gateway on your network which provides network services such as a firewall or bandwidth management. The following figure shows computers in a WLAN connecting to the NBG460N, which acts as an access point (A). The NBG460N allows the wireless computers to share the same Internet access as the other computers connected to the router (B) on the same network. Figure 2 Wireless Internet Access in AP Mode A B 1.4 Router Features vs. AP Features ROUTER MODE AP MODE YES NO NO YES The following table shows which features are available in Router or AP Mode. Table 1 Features Available in Router Mode vs. AP Mode FEATURE DHCP This allows individual clients to obtain IP addresses at start-
up from a DHCP server. Firewall This establishes a network security barrier, protecting your network from attacks and controlling access between your network and the Internet. Bandwidth Management This allows you to allocate network bandwidth to specific applications and or subnets. Any IP This allows a computer to access the NBG460N when the IP addresses of the computer and the NBG460N are not in the same subnet.) VPN A virtual private network (VPN) provides secure communications between sites without the expense of leased site-to-site lines. Wireless This allows two or more devices to communicate without wires, based on IEEE 802.11 wireless standards. YES YES YES YES YES NO NO NO 32 NBG460N Users Guide Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your NBG460N 1.5 Ways to Manage the NBG460N Use any of the following methods to manage the NBG460N. Web Configurator. This is recommended for everyday management of the NBG460N using a (supported) web browser. Command Line Interface. Line commands are mostly used for troubleshooting by service engineers. FTP. Use File Transfer Protocol for firmware upgrades and configuration backup/restore. 1.6 Good Habits for Managing the NBG460N Do the following things regularly to make the NBG460N more secure and to manage the NBG460N more effectively. Change the password. Use a password thats not easy to guess and that consists of different types of characters, such as numbers and letters. Write down the password and put it in a safe place. Back up the configuration (and make sure you know how to restore it). Restoring an earlier working configuration may be useful if the device becomes unstable or even crashes. If you forget your password, you will have to reset the NBG460N to its factory default settings. If you backed up an earlier configuration file, you would not have to totally re-configure the NBG460N. You could simply restore your last configuration. 1.7 LEDs Figure 3 Front Panel The following table describes the LEDs. Table 2 Front Panel LEDs LED COLOR Green POWER STATUS On Off DESCRIPTION The NBG460N is receiving power and functioning properly. The NBG460N is not receiving power. NBG460N Users Guide 33 Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your NBG460N Table 2 Front Panel LEDs (continued) LED STATUS On LAN 1-4 COLOR Green Amber WAN Green Amber WLAN Green WPS Green Blinking On Blinking Off On Blinking On Blinking Off On Blinking Off On DESCRIPTION The NBG460N has a successful 10/100MB Ethernet connection. The NBG460N is sending/receiving data. The NBG460N has a successful 1000MB Ethernet connection. The NBG460N is sending/receiving data. The LAN is not connected. The NBG460N has a successful 10/100MB WAN connection. The NBG460N is sending/receiving data. The NBG460N has a successful 1000MB Ethernet connection. The NBG460N is sending/receiving data. The WAN connection is not ready, or has failed. The NBG460N is ready, but is not sending/receiving data through the wireless LAN. The NBG460N is sending/receiving data through the wireless LAN. The wireless LAN is not ready or has failed. WPS (WiFi Protected Setup) is configured on your device. Blinking Off The NBG460N is attempting to connect with another wireless devices using WPS. WPS is disabled on your device. 34 NBG460N Users Guide CHAPTER 2 The WPS Button 2.1 Overview Your NBG460N supports WiFi Protected Setup (WPS), which is an easy way to set up a secure wireless network. WPS is an industry standard specification, defined by the WiFi Alliance. WPS allows you to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without having to configure security settings manually. Each WPS connection works between two devices. Both devices must support WPS (check each devices documentation to make sure). Depending on the devices you have, you can either press a button (on the device itself, or in its configuration utility) or enter a PIN (a unique Personal Identification Number that allows one device to authenticate the other) in each of the two devices. When WPS is activated on a device, it has two minutes to find another device that also has WPS activated. Then, the two devices connect and set up a secure network by themselves. For more information on using WPS, see Section 6.1.2 on page 73. NBG460N Users Guide 35 Chapter 2 The WPS Button 36 NBG460N Users Guide CHAPTER 3 Introducing the Web Configurator This chapter describes how to access the NBG460N web configurator and provides an overview of its screens. 3.1 Web Configurator Overview The web configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy setup and management of the NBG460N via Internet browser. Use Internet Explorer 6.0 and later or Netscape Navigator 7.0 and later versions or Safari 2.0 or later versions. The recommended screen resolution is 1024 by 768 pixels. In order to use the web configurator you need to allow:
Web browser pop-up windows from your device. Web pop-up blocking is enabled by default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2. JavaScripts (enabled by default). Java permissions (enabled by default). Refer to the Troubleshooting chapter to see how to make sure these functions are allowed in Internet Explorer. 3.2 Accessing the Web Configurator 1 Make sure your NBG460N hardware is properly connected and prepare your computer or computer network to connect to the NBG460N (refer to the Quick Start Guide). 2 Launch your web browser. 3 Type "http://192.168.1.1" as the website address. Your computer must be in the same subnet in order to access this website address. In Router Mode enable the DHCP Server. The NBG460N assigns your computer an IP address on the same subnet. In AP Mode the NBG460N does not assign an IP address to your computer, so you should check its in the same subnet. See Section 5.5 on page 71 for more information. NBG460N Users Guide 37 Chapter 3 Introducing the Web Configurator 4 Type "1234" (default) as the password and click Login. In some versions, the default password appears automatically - if this is the case, click Login. 5 You should see a screen asking you to change your password (highly recommended) as shown next. Type a new password (and retype it to confirm) and click Apply or click Ignore. Figure 4 Change Password Screen
The management session automatically times out when the time period set in the Administrator Inactivity Timer field expires (default five minutes). Simply log back into the NBG460N if this happens. 6 Select the setup mode you want to use. Click Go to Wizard Setup to use the Configuration Wizard for basic Internet and Wireless setup. Click Go to Basic Setup if you want to view and configure basic settings that are not part of the wizard setup. Not all Web Configurator screens are available in this mode. See Chapter 23 on page 257 for more information. Click Go to Advanced Setup to view and configure all the NBG460Ns settings. Select a language to go to the basic web configurator in that language. To change to the advanced configurator see Chapter 23 on page 257. 38 NBG460N Users Guide Figure 5 Selecting the setup mode Chapter 3 Introducing the Web Configurator 3.3 Resetting the NBG460N If you forget your password or IP address, or you cannot access the web configurator, you will need to use the RESET button at the back of the NBG460N to reload the factory-default configuration file. This means that you will lose all configurations that you had previously saved, the password will be reset to 1234 and the IP address will be reset to 192.168.1.1. 3.3.1 Procedure to Use the Reset Button 1 Make sure the power LED is on. 2 Press the RESET button for five seconds or until the power LED begins to blink and then release it. When the power LED begins to blink, the defaults have been restored and the NBG460N restarts. 3.4 Navigating the Web Configurator The following summarizes how to navigate the web configurator from the Status screen in Router Mode and AP Mode. 3.5 The Status Screen in Router Mode Click on Status. The screen below shows the status screen in Router Mode.
(For information on the status screen in AP Mode see Chapter 5 on page 66.) NBG460N Users Guide 39 Chapter 3 Introducing the Web Configurator Figure 6 Web Configurator Status Screen The following table describes the icons shown in the Status screen. Table 3 Status Screen Icon Key ICON DESCRIPTION Click this icon to open the setup wizard. Click this icon to view copyright and a link for related product information. Click this icon at any time to exit the web configurator. Select a number of seconds or None from the drop-down list box to refresh all screen statistics automatically at the end of every time interval or to not refresh the screen statistics. Click this button to refresh the status screen statistics. The following table describes the labels shown in the Status screen. Table 4 Web Configurator Status Screen LABEL DESCRIPTION Device Information System Name Firmware Version 40 This is the System Name you enter in the Maintenance > System > General screen. It is for identification purposes. This is the firmware version and the date created. NBG460N Users Guide Table 4 Web Configurator Status Screen (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Chapter 3 Introducing the Web Configurator WAN Information
- MAC Address
- IP Address
- IP Subnet Mask
- DHCP LAN Information
- MAC Address
- IP Address
- IP Subnet Mask
- DHCP WLAN Information
- MAC Address
- Status
- Name (SSID)
- Channel
- Operating Channel
- Security Mode
- 802.11 Mode
- WPS System Status System Up Time Current Date/Time System Resource
- CPU Usage
- Memory Usage This shows the WAN Ethernet adapter MAC Address of your device. This shows the WAN ports IP address. This shows the WAN ports subnet mask. This shows the WAN ports DHCP role - Client or None. This shows the LAN Ethernet adapter MAC Address of your device. This shows the LAN ports IP address. This shows the LAN ports subnet mask. This shows the LAN ports DHCP role - Server or None. This shows the wireless adapter MAC Address of your device. This shows the current status of the Wireless LAN - On, Off or Off by scheduler. This shows a descriptive name used to identify the NBG460N in the wireless LAN. This shows the channel number which you select manually. This shows the channel number which the NBG460N is currently using over the wireless LAN. This shows the level of wireless security the NBG460N is using. This shows the wireless standard. This displays Configured when the WPS has been set up. This displays Unconfigured if the WPS has not been set up. Click the status to display Network > Wireless LAN > WPS screen. This is the total time the NBG460N has been on. This field displays your NBG460Ns present date and time. This displays what percentage of the NBG460Ns processing ability is currently used. When this percentage is close to 100%, the NBG460N is running at full load, and the throughput is not going to improve anymore. If you want some applications to have more throughput, you should turn off other applications (for example, using bandwidth management. This shows what percentage of the heap memory the NBG460N is using. Heap memory refers to the memory that is not used by ZyNOS (ZyXEL Network Operating System) and is thus available for running processes like NAT and the firewall. This shows whether the firewall is active or not. System Setting
- Firewall
- Bandwidth Management This shows whether the bandwidth management is active or not.
- UPnP
- Configuration Mode This shows whether UPnP is active or not. This shows whether the advanced screens of each feature are turned on
(Advanced) or not (Basic). Interface Status Interface NBG460N Users Guide This displays the NBG460N port types. The port types are: WAN, LAN and WLAN. 41 Chapter 3 Introducing the Web Configurator Table 4 Web Configurator Status Screen (continued) LABEL Status Rate DESCRIPTION For the LAN and WAN ports, this field displays Down (line is down) or Up (line is up or connected). For the WLAN, it displays Up when the WLAN is enabled or Down when the WLAN is disabled. For the LAN ports, this displays the port speed and duplex setting or N/A when the line is disconnected. For the WAN port, it displays the port speed and duplex setting if youre using Ethernet encapsulation and Idle (line (ppp) idle), Dial (starting to trigger a call) and Drop (dropping a call) if you're using PPPoE or PPTP encapsulation. This field displays N/A when the line is disconnected. For the WLAN, it displays the maximum transmission rate when the WLAN is enabled and N/A when the WLAN is disabled. Summary Any IP Table BW MGMT Monitor DHCP Table Packet Statistics VPN Monitor WLAN Station Status Use this screen to view details of IP addresses assigned to devices not in the same subnet as the NBG460N. Use this screen to view the NBG460Ns bandwidth usage and allotments. Use this screen to view current DHCP client information. Use this screen to view port status and packet specific statistics. Use this screen to view the active VPN connections. Use this screen to view the wireless stations that are currently associated to the NBG460N. 3.5.1 Navigation Panel Use the sub-menus on the navigation panel to configure NBG460N features. The following table describes the sub-menus. Table 5 Screens Summary LINK Status TAB FUNCTION This screen shows the NBG460Ns general device, system and interface status information. Use this screen to access the wizard, and summary statistics tables. Network Wireless LAN WAN General MAC Filter Advanced QoS WPS WPS Station Scheduling Internet Connection Advanced Use this screen to configure wireless LAN. Use the MAC filter screen to configure the NBG460N to block access to devices or block the devices from accessing the NBG460N. This screen allows you to configure advanced wireless settings. Use this screen to configure Wi-Fi Multimedia Quality of Service
(WMM QoS). WMM QoS allows you to prioritize wireless traffic according to the delivery requirements of individual services. Use this screen to configure WPS. Use this screen to add a wireless station using WPS. Use this screen to schedule the times the Wireless LAN is enabled. This screen allows you to configure ISP parameters, WAN IP address assignment, DNS servers and the WAN MAC address. Use this screen to configure other advanced properties. 42 NBG460N Users Guide Table 5 Screens Summary LINK LAN DHCP Server NAT DDNS Security Firewall TAB IP IP Alias Advanced General Advanced Client List General Application Advanced General General Services Content Filter Filter Schedule VPN General Management Static Route Bandwidth MGMT Remote MGMT SA Monitor IP Static Route General Advanced Monitor WWW Telnet FTP DNS UPnP General Maintenance NBG460N Users Guide Chapter 3 Introducing the Web Configurator FUNCTION Use this screen to configure LAN IP address and subnet mask. Use this screen to partition your LAN interface into subnets. Use this screen to enable other advanced properties. Use this screen to enable the NBG460Ns DHCP server. Use this screen to assign IP addresses to specific individual computers based on their MAC addresses and to have DNS servers assigned by the DHCP server. Use this screen to view current DHCP client information and to always assign an IP address to a MAC address (and host name). Use this screen to enable NAT. Use this screen to configure servers behind the NBG460N. Use this screen to change your NBG460Ns port triggering settings. Use this screen to set up dynamic DNS. Use this screen to activate/deactivate the firewall. This screen shows a summary of the firewall rules, and allows you to edit/add a firewall rule. Use this screen to block certain web features and sites containing certain keywords in the URL. Use this screen to set the days and times for the NBG460N to perform content filtering. Use this screen to configure VPN connections and view the rule summary. Use this screen to display and manage active VPN connections. Use this screen to configure IP static routes. Use this screen to enable bandwidth management. Use this screen to set the upstream bandwidth and edit a bandwidth management rule. Use this screen to view the NBG460Ns bandwidth usage and allotments. Use this screen to configure through which interface(s) and from which IP address(es) users can use HTTP to manage the NBG460N. Use this screen to configure through which interface(s) and from which IP address(es) users can use Telnet to manage the NBG460N. Use this screen to configure through which interface(s) and from which IP address(es) users can use FTP to access the NBG460N. Use this screen to configure through which interface(s) and from which IP address(es) users can send DNS queries to the NBG460N. Use this screen to enable UPnP on the NBG460N. 43 Chapter 3 Introducing the Web Configurator Table 5 Screens Summary LINK System Logs Tools TAB General Time Setting View Log FUNCTION Use this screen to view and change administrative settings such as system and domain names, password and inactivity timer. Use this screen to change your NBG460Ns time and date. Use this screen to view the logs for the categories that you selected. Use this screen to change your NBG460Ns log settings. Use this screen to upload firmware to your NBG460N. Log Settings Firmware Configuration Use this screen to backup and restore the configuration or reset the factory defaults to your NBG460N. This screen allows you to reboot the NBG460N without turning the power off. Use this screen to remotely turn on a device on the network. Restart Wake On LAN Config Mode General General Sys OP Mode Language This screen allows you to display or hide the advanced screens or features. This screen allows you to select whether your device acts as a Router or a Access Point. This screen allows you to select the language you prefer. 3.5.2 Summary: Any IP Table This screen displays the IP address of each computer that is using the NBG460N via the any IP feature. Any IP allows computers to access the Internet through the NBG460N without changing their network settings when NAT is enabled. To access this screen, open the Status screen (see Section 3.5 on page 39), and click (Details...) next to Any IP Table. Figure 7 Any IP Table 3.5.3 Summary: Bandwidth Management Monitor Select the BW MGMT Monitor (Details...) hyperlink in Status screen. View the bandwidth usage of the WAN configured bandwidth rules. This is also shown as bandwidth usage over the bandwidth budget for each rule. The gray section of the bar represents the percentage of unused bandwidth and the blue color represents the percentage of bandwidth in use. 44 NBG460N Users Guide Figure 8 Summary: BW MGMT Monitor Chapter 3 Introducing the Web Configurator 3.5.4 Summary: DHCP Table DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual clients to obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can configure the NBG460Ns LAN as a DHCP server or disable it. When configured as a server, the NBG460N provides the TCP/IP configuration for the clients. If DHCP service is disabled, you must have another DHCP server on that network, or else the computer must be manually configured. Click the DHCP Table (Details...) hyperlink in the Status screen. Read-only information here relates to your DHCP status. The DHCP table shows current DHCP client information
(including IP Address, Host Name and MAC Address) of all network clients using the NBG460Ns DHCP server. Figure 9 Summary: DHCP Table The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 6 Summary: DHCP Table LABEL
IP Address Host Name MAC Address DESCRIPTION This is the index number of the host computer. This field displays the IP address relative to the # field listed above. This field displays the computer host name. This field shows the MAC address of the computer with the name in the Host Name field. Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address which uniquely identifies a device. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. Click Refresh to renew the screen. Refresh NBG460N Users Guide 45 Chapter 3 Introducing the Web Configurator 3.5.5 Summary: Packet Statistics Click the Packet Statistics (Details...) hyperlink in the Status screen. Read-only information here includes port status, packet specific statistics and the "system up time". The Poll Interval(s) field is configurable and is used for refreshing the screen. Figure 10 Summary: Packet Statistics The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 7 Summary: Packet Statistics LABEL Port Status DESCRIPTION This is the NBG460Ns port type. For the LAN ports, this displays the port speed and duplex setting or Down when the line is disconnected. For the WAN port, it displays the port speed and duplex setting if youre using Ethernet encapsulation and Idle (line (ppp) idle), Dial (starting to trigger a call) and Drop (dropping a call) if you're using PPPoE or PPTP encapsulation. This field displays Down when the line is disconnected. For the WLAN, it displays the maximum transmission rate when the WLAN is enabled and Down when the WLAN is disabled. This is the number of transmitted packets on this port. This is the number of received packets on this port. This is the number of collisions on this port. This displays the transmission speed in bytes per second on this port. This displays the reception speed in bytes per second on this port. This is the total amount of time the line has been up. This is the total time the NBG460N has been on. Enter the time interval for refreshing statistics in this field. Click this button to apply the new poll interval you entered in the Poll Interval(s) field. Click Stop to stop refreshing statistics. TxPkts RxPkts Collisions Tx B/s Rx B/s Up Time System Up Time Poll Interval(s) Set Interval Stop 46 NBG460N Users Guide Chapter 3 Introducing the Web Configurator 3.5.6 Summary: VPN Monitor Click the VPN Monitor (Details...) hyperlink in the Status screen. This screen displays read-
only information about the active VPN connections. Click the Refresh button to update the screen. A Security Association (SA) is the group of security settings related to a specific VPN tunnel. Figure 11 Summary: VPN Monitor The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 8 Summary: Wireless Association List LABEL
Name Encapsulation IPSec Algorithm DESCRIPTION This is the security association index number. This field displays the identification name for this VPN tunnel. This field displays Tunnel or Transport mode. This field displays the security protocols used for an SA. Both AH and ESP increase NBG460N processing requirements and communications latency (delay). Click this button to update the screens statistics immediately. Refresh 3.5.7 Summary: Wireless Station Status Click the WLAN Station Status (Details...) hyperlink in the Status screen. View the wireless stations that are currently associated to the NBG460N in the Association List. Association means that a wireless client (for example, your network or computer with a wireless network card) has connected successfully to the AP (or wireless router) using the same SSID, channel and security settings. Figure 12 Summary: Wireless Association List NBG460N Users Guide 47 Chapter 3 Introducing the Web Configurator The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 9 Summary: Wireless Association List LABEL
MAC Address Association Time DESCRIPTION This is the index number of an associated wireless station. This field displays the MAC address of an associated wireless station. This field displays the time a wireless station first associated with the NBG460Ns WLAN network. Click Refresh to reload the list. Refresh 48 NBG460N Users Guide CHAPTER 4 Connection Wizard This chapter provides information on the wizard setup screens in the web configurator. 4.1 Wizard Setup The web configurators wizard setup helps you configure your device to access the Internet. Refer to your ISP (Internet Service Provider) checklist in the Quick Start Guide to know what to enter in each field. Leave a field blank if you dont have that information. 1 After you access the NBG460N web configurator, click the Go to Wizard setup hyperlink. You can click the Go to Basic setup or Go to Advanced setup hyperlink to skip this wizard setup and configure basic or advanced features accordingly. Figure 13 Select Wizard or Advanced Mode 2 Choose a language by clicking on the languages button. The screen will update. Click the Next button to proceed to the next screen. NBG460N Users Guide 49 Chapter 4 Connection Wizard Figure 14 Select a Language 3 Read the on-screen information and click Next. Figure 15 Welcome to the Connection Wizard 4.2 Connection Wizard: STEP 1: System Information System Information contains administrative and system-related information. 4.2.1 System Name System Name is for identification purposes. However, because some ISPs check this name you should enter your computer's "Computer Name". In Windows 95/98 click Start, Settings, Control Panel, Network. Click the Identification tab, note the entry for the Computer Name field and enter it as the System Name. In Windows 2000, click Start, Settings and Control Panel and then double-click System. Click the Network Identification tab and then the Properties button. Note the entry for the Computer name field and enter it as the System Name. In Windows XP, click Start, My Computer, View system information and then click the Computer Name tab. Note the entry in the Full computer name field and enter it as the NBG460N System Name. 50 NBG460N Users Guide Chapter 4 Connection Wizard 4.2.2 Domain Name The Domain Name entry is what is propagated to the DHCP clients on the LAN. If you leave this blank, the domain name obtained by DHCP from the ISP is used. While you must enter the host name (System Name) on each individual computer, the domain name can be assigned from the NBG460N via DHCP. Click Next to configure the NBG460N for Internet access. Figure 16 Wizard Step 1: System Information The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 10 Wizard Step 1: System Information LABEL System Name System Name is a unique name to identify the NBG460N in an Ethernet network. DESCRIPTION Enter a descriptive name. This name can be up to 30 alphanumeric characters long. Spaces are not allowed, but dashes "-" and underscores "_" are accepted. Domain Name Type the domain name (if you know it) here. If you leave this field blank, the ISP may assign a domain name via DHCP. The domain name entered by you is given priority over the ISP assigned domain name. Click Back to display the previous screen. Click Next to proceed to the next screen. Click Exit to close the wizard screen without saving. Back Next Exit 4.3 Connection Wizard: STEP 2: Wireless LAN Set up your wireless LAN using the following screen. NBG460N Users Guide 51 Chapter 4 Connection Wizard Figure 17 Wizard Step 2: Wireless LAN The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 11 Wizard Step 2: Wireless LAN LABEL Name (SSID) DESCRIPTION Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 printable 7-bit ASCII characters) for the wireless LAN. If you change this field on the NBG460N, make sure all wireless stations use the same SSID in order to access the network. Select a Security level from the drop-down list box. Choose Auto (WPA2-PSK) to have the NBG460N generate a pre-shared key automatically. After you click Next a screen pops up displaying the generated pre-
shared key. Write down the key for use later when connecting other wireless devices to your network. Click OK to continue. Choose None to have no wireless LAN security configured. If you do not enable any wireless security on your NBG460N, your network is accessible to any wireless networking device that is within range. If you choose this option, skip directly to Section 4.4 on page 54. Choose Basic (WEP) security if you want to configure WEP Encryption parameters. If you choose this option, go directly to Section 4.3.1 on page 53. This option is only available if WPS is not enabled. Choose Extend (WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK) security to configure a Pre-Shared Key. Choose this option only if your wireless clients support WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK respectively. If you choose this option, skip directly to Section 4.3.2 on page 54. The range of radio frequencies used by IEEE 802.11b/g/n wireless devices is called a channel. The device will automatically select the channel with the least interference. Click Back to display the previous screen. Click Next to proceed to the next screen. Click Exit to close the wizard screen without saving. Security Channel Selection Back Next Exit
The wireless stations and NBG460N must use the same SSID, channel ID and WEP encryption key (if WEP is enabled), WPA-PSK (if WPA-PSK is enabled) or WPA2-PSK (if WPA2-PSK is enabled) for wireless communication. 52 NBG460N Users Guide Chapter 4 Connection Wizard 4.3.1 Basic (WEP) Security Choose Basic (WEP) to setup WEP Encryption parameters. Figure 18 Wizard Step 2: Basic (WEP) Security The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 12 Wizard Step 2: Basic (WEP) Security LABEL Passphrase DESCRIPTION Type a Passphrase (up to 32 printable characters) and click Generate. The NBG460N automatically generates a WEP key. Select 64-bit WEP or 128-bit WEP to allow data encryption. WEP Encryption ASCII Select this option in order to enter ASCII characters as the WEP keys. HEX Select this option to enter hexadecimal characters as the WEP keys. The preceding 0x is entered automatically. Key 1 to Key 4 The WEP keys are used to encrypt data. Both the NBG460N and the wireless stations must use the same WEP key for data transmission. If you chose 64-bit WEP, then enter any 5 ASCII characters or 10 hexadecimal characters ("0-9", "A-F"). If you chose 128-bit WEP, then enter 13 ASCII characters or 26 hexadecimal characters ("0-9", "A-F"). You must configure at least one key, only one key can be activated at any one time. The default key is key 1. Click Back to display the previous screen. Back NBG460N Users Guide 53 Chapter 4 Connection Wizard Table 12 Wizard Step 2: Basic (WEP) Security LABEL Next Exit DESCRIPTION Click Next to proceed to the next screen. Click Exit to close the wizard screen without saving. 4.3.2 Extend (WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK) Security Choose Extend (WPA-PSK) or Extend (WPA2-PSK) security in the Wireless LAN setup screen to set up a Pre-Shared Key. Figure 19 Wizard Step 2: Extend (WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK) Security The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 13 Wizard Step 2: Extend (WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK) Security LABEL Pre-Shared Key DESCRIPTION Type from 8 to 63 case-sensitive ASCII characters. You can set up the most secure wireless connection by configuring WPA in the wireless LAN screens. You need to configure an authentication server to do this. Click Back to display the previous screen. Click Next to proceed to the next screen. Click Exit to close the wizard screen without saving. Back Next Exit 4.4 Connection Wizard: STEP 3: Internet Configuration The NBG460N offers three Internet connection types. They are Ethernet, PPP over Ethernet or PPTP. The wizard attempts to detect which WAN connection type you are using. If the wizard does not detect a connection type, you must select one from the drop-down list box. Check with your ISP to make sure you use the correct type. This wizard screen varies according to the connection type that you select. 54 NBG460N Users Guide Figure 20 Wizard Step 3: ISP Parameters. Chapter 4 Connection Wizard The following table describes the labels in this screen, Table 14 Wizard Step 3: ISP Parameters CONNECTION TYPE Ethernet PPPoE DESCRIPTION Select the Ethernet option when the WAN port is used as a regular Ethernet. Select the PPP over Ethernet option for a dial-up connection. If your ISP gave you an IP address and/or subnet mask, then select PPTP. Select the PPTP option for a dial-up connection. PPTP 4.4.1 Ethernet Connection Choose Ethernet when the WAN port is used as a regular Ethernet. Continue to Section 4.4.4 on page 58. Figure 21 Wizard Step 3: Ethernet Connection 4.4.2 PPPoE Connection Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) functions as a dial-up connection. PPPoE is an IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) standard specifying how a host personal computer interacts with a broadband modem (for example DSL, cable, wireless, etc.) to achieve access to high-speed data networks. For the service provider, PPPoE offers an access and authentication method that works with existing access control systems (for instance, RADIUS). NBG460N Users Guide 55 Chapter 4 Connection Wizard One of the benefits of PPPoE is the ability to let end users access one of multiple network services, a function known as dynamic service selection. This enables the service provider to easily create and offer new IP services for specific users. Operationally, PPPoE saves significant effort for both the subscriber and the ISP/carrier, as it requires no specific configuration of the broadband modem at the subscribers site. By implementing PPPoE directly on the NBG460N (rather than individual computers), the computers on the LAN do not need PPPoE software installed, since the NBG460N does that part of the task. Furthermore, with NAT, all of the LAN's computers will have Internet access. Refer to the appendix for more information on PPPoE. Figure 22 Wizard Step 3: PPPoE Connection The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 15 Wizard Step 3: PPPoE Connection LABEL DESCRIPTION ISP Parameter for Internet Access Connection Type Service Name User Name Password Back Next Exit Select the PPP over Ethernet option for a dial-up connection. Type the name of your service provider. Type the user name given to you by your ISP. Type the password associated with the user name above. Click Back to return to the previous screen. Click Next to continue. Click Exit to close the wizard screen without saving. 4.4.3 PPTP Connection Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) is a network protocol that enables transfers of data from a remote client to a private server, creating a Virtual Private Network (VPN) using TCP/
IP-based networks. PPTP supports on-demand, multi-protocol, and virtual private networking over public networks, such as the Internet. Refer to the appendix for more information on PPTP. 56 NBG460N Users Guide Chapter 4 Connection Wizard
The NBG460N supports one PPTP server connection at any given time. Figure 23 Wizard Step 3: PPTP Connection The following table describes the fields in this screen Table 16 Wizard Step 3: PPTP Connection LABEL DESCRIPTION ISP Parameters for Internet Access Connection Type Select PPTP from the drop-down list box. To configure a PPTP client, you must configure the User Name and Password fields for a PPP connection and the PPTP parameters for a PPTP connection. Type the user name given to you by your ISP. Type the password associated with the User Name above. Type the IP address of the PPTP server. Enter the connection ID or connection name in this field. It must follow the "c:id"
and "n:name" format. For example, C:12 or N:My ISP. This field is optional and depends on the requirements of your ISP. Select this radio button if your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address. Select this radio button, provided by your ISP to give the NBG460N a fixed, unique IP address. Type the (static) IP address assigned to you by your ISP. Type the subnet mask assigned to you by your ISP (if given). User Name Password PPTP Configuration Server IP Address Connection ID/
Name Get automatically from ISP Use fixed IP address My IP Address My IP Subnet Mask Back Click Back to return to the previous screen. NBG460N Users Guide 57 Chapter 4 Connection Wizard Table 16 Wizard Step 3: PPTP Connection LABEL Next Exit DESCRIPTION Click Next to continue. Click Exit to close the wizard screen without saving. 4.4.4 Your IP Address The following wizard screen allows you to assign a fixed IP address or give the NBG460N an automatically assigned IP address depending on your ISP. Figure 24 Wizard Step 3: Your IP Address The following table describes the labels in this screen Table 17 Wizard Step 3: Your IP Address LABEL Get automatically from your ISP DESCRIPTION Select this option If your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address. This is the default selection. If you choose this option, skip directly to Section 4.4.9 on page 61. Select this option if you were given IP address and/or DNS server settings by the ISP. The fixed IP address should be in the same subnet as your broadband modem or router. Click Back to return to the previous screen. Click Next to continue. Click Exit to close the wizard screen without saving. Use fixed IP address provided by your ISP Back Next Exit 4.4.5 WAN IP Address Assignment Every computer on the Internet must have a unique IP address. If your networks are isolated from the Internet, for instance, only between your two branch offices, you can assign any IP addresses to the hosts without problems. However, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
(IANA) has reserved the following three blocks of IP addresses specifically for private networks. Table 18 Private IP Address Ranges 10.0.0.0 172.16.0.0 192.168.0.0 10.255.255.255 172.31.255.255 192.168.255.255
58 NBG460N Users Guide Chapter 4 Connection Wizard You can obtain your IP address from the IANA, from an ISP or have it assigned by a private network. If you belong to a small organization and your Internet access is through an ISP, the ISP can provide you with the Internet addresses for your local networks. On the other hand, if you are part of a much larger organization, you should consult your network administrator for the appropriate IP addresses.
Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an arbitrary IP address;
always follow the guidelines above. For more information on address assignment, please refer to RFC 1597, Address Allocation for Private Internets and RFC 1466, Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space. 4.4.6 IP Address and Subnet Mask Similar to the way houses on a street share a common street name, so too do computers on a LAN share one common network number. Where you obtain your network number depends on your particular situation. If the ISP or your network administrator assigns you a block of registered IP addresses, follow their instructions in selecting the IP addresses and the subnet mask. If the ISP did not explicitly give you an IP network number, then most likely you have a single user account and the ISP will assign you a dynamic IP address when the connection is established. The Internet Assigned Number Authority (IANA) reserved this block of addresses specifically for private use; please do not use any other number unless you are told otherwise. Let's say you select 192.168.1.0 as the network number; which covers 254 individual addresses, from 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.254 (zero and 255 are reserved). In other words, the first three numbers specify the network number while the last number identifies an individual computer on that network. Once you have decided on the network number, pick an IP address that is easy to remember, for instance, 192.168.1.1, for your NBG460N, but make sure that no other device on your network is using that IP address. The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your NBG460N will compute the subnet mask automatically based on the IP address that you entered. You don't need to change the subnet mask computed by the NBG460N unless you are instructed to do otherwise. 4.4.7 DNS Server Address Assignment Use DNS (Domain Name System) to map a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice versa, for instance, the IP address of www.zyxel.com is 204.217.0.2. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must know the IP address of a computer before you can access it. The NBG460N can get the DNS server addresses in the following ways. 1 The ISP tells you the DNS server addresses, usually in the form of an information sheet, when you sign up. If your ISP gives you DNS server addresses, enter them in the DNS Server fields in the Wizard and/or WAN > Internet Connection screen. NBG460N Users Guide 59 Chapter 4 Connection Wizard 2 If the ISP did not give you DNS server information, leave the DNS Server fields set to 0.0.0.0 in the Wizard screen and/or set to From ISP in the WAN > Internet Connection screen for the ISP to dynamically assign the DNS server IP addresses. 4.4.8 WAN IP and DNS Server Address Assignment The following wizard screen allows you to assign a fixed WAN IP address and DNS server addresses. Figure 25 Wizard Step 3: WAN IP and DNS Server Addresses The following table describes the labels in this screen Table 19 Wizard Step 3: WAN IP and DNS Server Addresses LABEL WAN IP Address Assignment My WAN IP Address DESCRIPTION Enter your WAN IP address in this field. The WAN IP address should be in the same subnet as your DSL/Cable modem or router. Enter the gateway IP address in this field. My WAN IP Subnet Mask Enter the IP subnet mask in this field. Gateway IP Address System DNS Server Address Assignment (if applicable) DNS (Domain Name System) is for mapping a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice versa. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must know the IP address of a computer before you can access it. The NBG460N uses a system DNS server (in the order you specify here) to resolve domain names for DDNS and the time server. First DNS Server Second DNS Server Third DNS Server Back Next Exit Enter the DNS server's IP address in the fields provided. If you do not configure a system DNS server, you must use IP addresses when configuring DDNS and the time server. Click Back to return to the previous screen. Click Next to continue. Click Exit to close the wizard screen without saving. 60 NBG460N Users Guide 4.4.9 WAN MAC Address Chapter 4 Connection Wizard Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. Table 20 Example of Network Properties for LAN Servers with Fixed IP Addresses Choose an IP address Subnet mask Gateway (or default route) 192.168.1.2-192.168.1.32; 192.168.1.65-192.168.1.254. 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1(NBG460N LAN IP) This screen allows users to configure the WAN port's MAC address by either using the NBG460Ns MAC address, copying the MAC address from a computer on your LAN or manually entering a MAC address. Once it is successfully configured, the address will be copied to the "rom" file (ZyNOS configuration file). It will not change unless you change the setting or upload a different "rom" file. It is advisable to clone the MAC address from a computer on your LAN even if your ISP does not presently require MAC address authentication. Figure 26 Wizard Step 3: WAN MAC Address The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 21 Wizard Step 3: WAN MAC Address LABEL Factory Default Clone the computers MAC address DESCRIPTION Select Factory Default to use the factory assigned default MAC address. Select this option and enter the IP address of the computer on the LAN whose MAC you are cloning. It is advisable to clone the MAC address from a computer on your LAN even if your ISP does not presently require MAC address authentication. Select this option and enter the MAC address you want to use. Set WAN MAC Address Back Next Exit Click Back to return to the previous screen. Click Next to continue. Click Exit to close the wizard screen without saving. NBG460N Users Guide 61 Chapter 4 Connection Wizard 4.5 Connection Wizard: STEP 4: Bandwidth management Bandwidth management allows you to control the amount of bandwidth going out through the NBG460Ns WAN, LAN or WLAN port and prioritize the distribution of the bandwidth according to the traffic type. This helps keep one service from using all of the available bandwidth and shutting out other users. Figure 27 Wizard Step 4: Bandwidth Management The following fields describe the label in this screen. Table 22 Wizard Step 4: Bandwidth Management LABEL Enable BM for all traffic automatically DESCRIPTION Select the check box to have the NBG460N apply bandwidth management to traffic going out through the NBG460Ns WAN, LAN, HomePlug AV or WLAN port. Bandwidth is allocated according to the traffic type automatically. Real-time packets, such as VoIP traffic always get higher priority. Click Back to return to the previous screen. Click Next to continue. Click Exit to close the wizard screen without saving. Back Next Exit 4.6 Connection Wizard Complete Click Apply to save your configuration. 62 NBG460N Users Guide Figure 28 Connection Wizard Save Chapter 4 Connection Wizard Follow the on-screen instructions and click Finish to complete the wizard setup. Figure 29 Connection Wizard Complete Well done! You have successfully set up your NBG460N to operate on your network and access the Internet. NBG460N Users Guide 63 Chapter 4 Connection Wizard 64 NBG460N Users Guide CHAPTER 5 AP Mode This chapter discusses how to configure settings while your NBG460N is set to AP Mode. Many screens that are available in Router Mode are not available in AP Mode.
See Chapter 6 on page 73 for an example of setting up a wireless network in AP mode. 5.1 AP Mode Overview Use your NBG460N as an AP if you already have a router or gateway on your network. In this mode your device bridges a wired network (LAN) and wireless LAN (WLAN) in the same subnet. See the figure below for an example. Figure 30 Wireless Internet Access in AP Mode A B 5.2 Setting your NBG460N to AP Mode 1 Log into the web configurator if you havent already. See the Quick start Guide for 2 To set your NBG460N to AP Mode, go to Maintenance > Sys OP Mode > General and instructions on how to do this. select Access Point. NBG460N Users Guide 65 Chapter 5 AP Mode Figure 31 Maintenance > Sys OP Mode > General 3 A pop-up appears providing information on this mode. Click OK in the pop-up message window. (See Section 24.2 on page 260 for more information on the pop-up.) Click Apply. Your NBG460N is now in AP Mode.
You do not have to log in again or restart your device when you change modes. 5.3 The Status Screen in AP Mode Click on Status. The screen below shows the status screen in AP Mode. Figure 32 Status: AP Mode 66 NBG460N Users Guide The following table describes the labels shown in the Status screen. Chapter 5 AP Mode Table 23 Web Configurator Status Screen LABEL DESCRIPTION Device Information System Name Firmware Version LAN Information
- MAC Address
- IP Address
- IP Subnet Mask
- DHCP WLAN Information
- MAC Address
- Status
- Name (SSID)
- Channel
- Operating Channel
- Security Mode
- 802.11 Mode
- WPS System Status System Uptime Current Date/Time System Resource
- CPU Usage
- Memory Usage System Setting
- Configuration Mode Interface Status Interface Status This is the System Name you enter in the Maintenance > System > General screen. It is for identification purposes. This is the firmware version and the date created. This shows the LAN Ethernet adapter MAC Address of your device. This shows the LAN ports IP address. This shows the LAN ports subnet mask. This shows the LAN ports DHCP role - Client or None. This shows the wireless adapter MAC Address of your device. This shows the current status of the Wireless LAN - On, Off or Off by scheduler. This shows a descriptive name used to identify the NBG460N in the wireless LAN. This shows the channel number which you select manually. This shows the channel number which the NBG460N is currently using over the wireless LAN. This shows the level of wireless security the NBG460N is using. This shows the IEEE 802.11 standard that the NBG460N supports. Wireless clients must support the same standard in order to be able to connect to the NBG460N This shows the WPS (WiFi Protected Setup) Status. Click the status to display Network > Wireless LAN > WPS screen. This is the total time the NBG460N has been on. This field displays your NBG460Ns present date and time. This displays what percentage of the NBG460Ns processing ability is currently used. When this percentage is close to 100%, the NBG460N is running at full load, and the throughput is not going to improve anymore. If you want some applications to have more throughput, you should turn off other applications (for example, using bandwidth management). This shows what percentage of the heap memory the NBG460N is using. Heap memory refers to the memory that is not used by ZyNOS (ZyXEL Network Operating System) and is thus available for running processes like NAT and the firewall. This shows whether the advanced screens of each feature are turned on
(Advanced) or not (Basic). This displays the NBG460N port types. The port types are: LAN and WLAN. For the LAN port, this field displays Down (line is down) or Up (line is up or connected). For the WLAN, it displays Up when the WLAN is enabled or Down when the WLAN is disabled. NBG460N Users Guide 67 Chapter 5 AP Mode Table 23 Web Configurator Status Screen (continued) LABEL Rate DESCRIPTION For the LAN ports, this displays the port speed and duplex setting or N/A when the line is disconnected. For the WLAN, it displays the maximum transmission rate when the WLAN is enabled and N/A when the WLAN is disabled. Summary Packet Statistics WLAN Station Status Use this screen to view port status and packet specific statistics. Use this screen to view the wireless stations that are currently associated to the NBG460N. 5.3.1 Navigation Panel Use the menu in the navigation panel to configure NBG460N features in AP Mode. The following screen and table show the features you can configure in AP Mode. Figure 33 Menu: AP Mode The following table describes the sub-menus. Table 24 Screens Summary LINK Status TAB FUNCTION This screen shows the NBG460Ns general device, system and interface status information. Use this screen to access the wizard, and summary statistics tables. Network 68 NBG460N Users Guide Table 24 Screens Summary LINK Wireless LAN LAN Maintenance Logs Tools System General Chapter 5 AP Mode FUNCTION Use this screen to configure wireless LAN. Use the MAC filter screen to configure the NBG460N to block access to devices or block the devices from accessing the NBG460N. This screen allows you to configure advanced wireless settings. Use this screen to configure Wi-Fi Multimedia Quality of Service
(WMM QoS). WMM QoS allows you to prioritize wireless traffic according to the delivery requirements of individual services. Use this screen to configure WPS. Use this screen to add a wireless station using WPS. Use this screen to schedule the times the Wireless LAN is enabled. Use this screen to configure LAN IP address and subnet mask or to get the LAN IP address from a DHCP server. TAB General MAC Filter Advanced QoS WPS WPS Station Scheduling IP Time Setting View Log Use this screen to view and change administrative settings such as system and domain names, password and inactivity timer. Use this screen to change your NBG460Ns time and date. Use this screen to view the logs for the categories that you selected. Use this screen to change your NBG460Ns log settings. Use this screen to upload firmware to your NBG460N. Log Settings Firmware Configuration Use this screen to backup and restore the configuration or reset the factory defaults to your NBG460N. This screen allows you to reboot the NBG460N without turning the power off. Use this screen to remotely turn on a device on the network. Restart Wake On LAN Config Mode General General Sys OP Mode Language This screen allows you to display or hide the advanced screens or features. This screen allows you to select whether your device acts as a Router or a Access Point. This screen allows you to select the language you prefer. 5.4 Configuring Your Settings 5.4.1 LAN Settings Use this section to configure your LAN settings while in AP Mode. Click Network > LAN to see the screen below. NBG460N Users Guide 69 Chapter 5 AP Mode
If you change the IP address of the NBG460N in the screen below, you will need to log into the NBG460N again using the new IP address. Figure 34 Network > LAN > IP The table below describes the labels in the screen. Table 25 Network > LAN > IP LABEL Get from DHCP Server User Defined LAN IP IP Address IP Subnet Mask Gateway IP Address DNS Servers First DNS Server Second DNS Server Third DNS Server DESCRIPTION Select this option to allow the NBG460N to obtain an IP address from a DHCP server on the network. You must connect the WAN port to a device with a DHCP server enabled (such as a router or gateway). Without a DHCP server the NBG460N will have no IP address. You need to find out the IP address the DHCP server assigns to the NBG460N and use that address to log in to the NBG460N again. Select this option to set the NBG460Ns IP address. This setting is selected by default. Check the IP address is on the same domain as other devices on your network. Type the IP address in dotted decimal notation. The default setting is 192.168.1.1. If you change the IP address you will have to log in again with the new IP address. The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your NBG460N will automatically calculate the subnet mask based on the IP address that you assign. Unless you are implementing subnetting, use the subnet mask computed by the NBG460N. Type the IP address of the gateway. The gateway is an immediate neighbor of your NBG460N that will forward the packet to the destination. In AP Mode, the gateway must be a router on the same segment as your NBG460N. Select From ISP if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server information. The field to the right displays the (read-only) DNS server IP address that the ISP assigns. Select User-Defined if you have the IP address of a DNS server. Enter the DNS server's IP address in the field to the right. If you chose User-Defined, but leave the IP address set to 0.0.0.0, User-Defined changes to None after you click Apply. If you set a second choice to User-Defined, and enter the same IP address, the second User-Defined changes to None after you click Apply. Select None if you do not want to configure DNS servers. If you do not configure a DNS server, you must know the IP address of a computer in order to access it. 70 NBG460N Users Guide Chapter 5 AP Mode LABEL Apply Reset DESCRIPTION Click Apply to save your changes to the NBG460N. Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen. 5.4.2 WLAN and Maintenance Settings The configuration of wireless and maintenance settings in AP Mode is the same as for Router Mode. See Chapter 5 on page 69 for information on the configuring your wireless network. See Maintenance and Troubleshooting (227) for information on the configuring your Maintenance settings. 5.5 Logging in to the Web Configurator in AP Mode 1 Connect your computer to the LAN port of the NBG460N. 2 The default IP address if the NBG460N is 192.168.1.1. In this case, your computer must have an IP address in the range between 192.168.1.2 and 192.168.1.255. 3 Click Start > Run on your computer in Windows. 4 Type cmd in the dialog box. 5 Type ipconfig to show your computers IP address. If your computers IP address is not in the correct range then see Appendix D on page 293 for information on changing your computers IP address. 6 After youve set your computers IP address, open a web browser such as Internet Explorer and type 192.168.1.1 as the web address in your web browser. See Chapter 6 on page 73 for a tutorial on setting up a network with an AP. NBG460N Users Guide 71 Chapter 5 AP Mode 72 NBG460N Users Guide CHAPTER 6 Tutorials 6.1 Wireless Tutorials 6.1.1 How to Connect to the Internet from an AP This section gives you an example of how to set up an access point (AP) and wireless client (a notebook (B), in this example) for wireless communication. B can access the Internet through the AP wirelessly. Figure 35 Wireless AP Connection to the Internet B AP Internet 6.1.2 Configure Wireless Security Using WPS on both your NBG460N and Wireless Client This section gives you an example of how to set up wireless network using WPS. This example uses the NBG460N as the AP and NWD210N as the wireless client which connects to a notebook.
The wireless client must be a WPS-aware device (for example, a WPS USB adapter or PCI card). There are two WPS methods for creating a secure connection. This tutorial shows you how to do both. Push Button Configuration (PBC) - create a secure wireless network simply by pressing a button. See Section 6.1.2.1 on page 74.This is the easier method. PIN Configuration - create a secure wireless network simply by entering a wireless client's PIN (Personal Identification Number) in the NBG460Ns interface. See Section 6.1.2.2 on page 75. This is the more secure method, since one device can authenticate the other. NBG460N Users Guide 73 Chapter 6 Tutorials 6.1.2.1 Push Button Configuration (PBC) 1 Make sure that your NBG460N is turned on and that it is within range of your computer. 2 Make sure that you have installed the wireless client (this example uses the NWD210N) 3 In the wireless client utility, find the WPS settings. Enable WPS and press the WPS driver and utility in your notebook. button (Start or WPS button) 4 Log into NBG460Ns web configurator and press the Push Button button in the Network > Wireless Client > WPS Station screen.
Your NBG460N has a WPS button located on its panel, as well as a WPS button in its configuration utility. Both buttons have exactly the same function;
you can use one or the other.
It doesnt matter which button is pressed first. You must press the second button within two minutes of pressing the first one. The NBG460N sends the proper configuration settings to the wireless client. This may take up to two minutes. Then the wireless client is able to communicate with the NBG460N securely. The following figure shows you an example to set up wireless network and security by pressing a button on both NBG460N and wireless client (the NWD210N in this example). 74 NBG460N Users Guide Figure 36 Example WPS Process: PBC Method Wireless Client NBG460N Chapter 6 Tutorials WITHIN 2 MINUTES SECURITY INFO COMMUNICATION 6.1.2.2 PIN Configuration When you use the PIN configuration method, you need to use both NBG460Ns configuration interface and the clients utilities. 1 Launch your wireless clients configuration utility. Go to the WPS settings and select the 2 Enter the PIN number to the PIN field in the Network > Wireless LAN > WPS Station PIN method to get a PIN number. screen on the NBG460N. 3 Click Start buttons (or button next to the PIN field) on both the wireless client utility screen and the NBG460Ns WPS Station screen within two minutes. The NBG460N authenticates the wireless client and sends the proper configuration settings to the wireless client. This may take up to two minutes. Then the wireless client is able to communicate with the NBG460N securely. The following figure shows you the example to set up wireless network and security on NBG460N and wireless client (ex. NWD210N in this example) by using PIN method. NBG460N Users Guide 75 Chapter 6 Tutorials Figure 37 Example WPS Process: PIN Method Wireless Client NBG460N WITHIN 2 MINUTES Authentication by PIN SECURITY INFO COMMUNICATION 6.1.3 Enable and Configure Wireless Security without WPS on your NBG460N This example shows you how to configure wireless security settings with the following parameters on your NBG460N. SSID SSID_Example3 76 NBG460N Users Guide Chapter 6 Tutorials Channel Security 6 WPA-PSK
(Pre-Shared Key: ThisismyWPA-PSKpre-sharedkey) Follow the steps below to configure the wireless settings on your NBG460N. The instructions require that your hardware is connected (see the Quick Start Guide) and you are logged into the web configurator through your LAN connection (see Section 3.2 on page 37). 1 Open the Wireless LAN > General screen in the APs web configurator. 2 Make sure the Enable Wireless LAN check box is selected. 3 Enter SSID_Example3 as the SSID and select a channel. 4 Set security mode to WPA-PSK and enter ThisismyWPA-PSKpre-sharedkey in the Pre-Shared Key field. Click Apply. Figure 38 Network > Wireless LAN > General 5 Open the Status screen. Verify your wireless and wireless security settings under Device Information and check if the WLAN connection is up under Interface Status. NBG460N Users Guide 77 Chapter 6 Tutorials Figure 39 Status: AP Mode 6.1.4 Configure Your Notebook
We use the ZyXEL M-302 wireless adapter utility screens as an example for the wireless client. The screens may vary for different models. 1 The NBG460N supports IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and IEEE 802.11n wireless clients. Make sure that your notebook or computers wireless adapter supports one of these standards. 2 Wireless adapters come with software sometimes called a utility that you install on your computer. See your wireless adapters Users Guide for information on how to do that. 3 After youve installed the utility, open it. If you cannot see your utilitys icon on your screen, go to Start > Programs and click on your utility in the list of programs that appears. The utility displays a list of APs within range, as shown in the example screen below. 4 Select SSID_Example3 and click Connect. 78 NBG460N Users Guide Figure 40 Connecting a Wireless Client to a Wireless Network t Chapter 6 Tutorials 5 Select WPA-PSK and type the security key in the following screen. Click Next. Figure 41 Security Settings 6 The Confirm Save window appears. Check your settings and click Save to continue. Figure 42 Confirm Save 7 Check the status of your wireless connection in the screen below. If your wireless connection is weak or you have no connection, see the Troubleshooting section of this Users Guide. NBG460N Users Guide 79 Chapter 6 Tutorials Figure 43 Link Status 8 If your connection is successful, open your Internet browser and enter http://
www.zyxel.com or the URL of any other web site in the address bar. If you are able to access the web site, your wireless connection is successfully configured. 6.2 Site-To-Site VPN Tunnel Tutorial Bob and Jack want to setup a VPN connection between their offices. Bob and Jack each have a NBG460N router and a static WAN IP address. This tutorial covers how to configure their NBG460Ns to create a secure connection. Figure 44 Site-To-Site VPN Tunnel 192.168.1.35 BOB 1.1.1.1 10.0.0.7 JACK 2.2.2.2 BOBS NBG460N YES IKE The following table describes the VPN settings that must be configured on Bob and Jacks NBG460N routers. Table 26 Site-To-Site VPN Tunnel Settings SETTING Active IPSec Keying Mode Local Address Local Address End
/Mask Remote Address Remote Address End /Mask My IP Address JACKS NBG460N YES IKE 192.168.1.35 192.168.1.35 192.168.1.35 192.168.1.35 10.0.0.7 10.0.0.7 10.0.0.7 10.0.0.7 1.1.1.1 2.2.2.2 80 NBG460N Users Guide Chapter 6 Tutorials BOBS NBG460N IP 1.1.1.1 2.2.2.2 Table 26 Site-To-Site VPN Tunnel Settings (continued) SETTING Local ID Type Local Content Secure Gateway Address Peer ID Type Peer Content Encapsulation Mode IPSec Protocol Pre-Shared Key Encryption Algorithm Authentication Algorithm ESP ThisIsMySecretKey 3DES IP 2.2.2.2 Tunnel SHA1 JACKS NBG460N IP 2.2.2.2 1.1.1.1 IP 1.1.1.1 Tunnel ESP ThisIsMySecretKey 3DES SHA1 6.2.1 Configuring Bobs NBG460N VPN Settings To configure these settings Bob uses the NBG460N web configurator. 1 Log into the NBG460N web configurator and click VPN > Modify icon. This displays the VPN Rule Setup (basic) screen. 2 Select the Active checkbox to enable the VPN rule after it has been created. Make sure IKE is selected as the IPSec Keying Mode. Figure 45 Property 3 Enter the IP address 192.168.1.35 in the Local Address text box. This is the IP address of Bobs computer. Enter the IP address 192.168.1.35 in the Local Address End/Mask text box. This value is the same as Bob only wants Jack to access this single IP address. Figure 46 Local Policy 4 Enter the IP address 10.0.0.7 in the Remote Address Start text box. This is the IP address of Jacks computer. Enter the IP address 10.0.0.7 in the Remote Address NBG460N Users Guide 81 Chapter 6 Tutorials End/Mask text box. This value is the same as Jack only wants Bob to access this single IP address. Figure 47 Remote Policy 5 Enter the IP address 1.1.1.1 in the My IP Address text box. This is Bobs WAN IP address. 6 Select IP as the Local ID Type. This is the type of content that will be used to identify Bobs NBG460N. Enter the IP address 1.1.1.1 in the Local Content text box. This identifies Bobs NBG460N to Jacks NBG460N. 7 Enter the IP address 2.2.2.2 in the Secure Gateway Address text box. This is Jacks WAN IP address. 8 Select IP as the Peer ID Type. This is Jacks Local ID Type. Enter 2.2.2.2 in the Peer Content text box. This is Jacks Local Content WAN IP address. Figure 48 Authentication Method 9 Select Tunnel as the Encapsulation Mode and ESP as the IPSec Protocol. 10 Enter ThisIsMySecretKey as the Pre-Shared Key. This is the password for the VPN 11 Select 3DES as the encyption algorithm. Select the authentication algorithm as SHA1. tunnel that only Bob and Jack know. These algorithms are more secure. Figure 49 IPSec Algorithm 12 Click Apply to save the new rule and click VPN to return to the VPN Summary screen. The new VPN rule is displayed as shown below. 82 NBG460N Users Guide Figure 50 VPN Summary Chapter 6 Tutorials 6.2.2 Configuring Jacks NBG460N VPN Settings To configure these settings Jack uses the NBG460N web configurator. 1 Log into the NBG460N web configurator and click VPN > Modify icon. This displays the VPN Rule Setup (basic) screen. 2 Select the Active checkbox to enable the VPN rule after it has been created. Make sure IKE is selected as the IPSec Keying Mode. Figure 51 Property 3 Enter the IP address 10.0.0.7 in the Local Address text box. This is the IP address of Jacks computer. Enter the IP address 10.0.0.7 in the Local Address End/Mask text box. This value is the same as Jack only wants Bob to access this single IP address. Figure 52 Local Policy 4 Enter the IP address 192.168.1.35 in the Remote Address Start text box. This is the IP address of Jacks computer. Enter the IP address 192.168.1.35 in the Remote Address End/Mask text box. This value is the same as Bob only wants Jack to access this single IP address. Figure 53 Remote Policy 5 Enter the IP address 2.2.2.2 in the My IP Address text box. This is Jacks WAN IP address. NBG460N Users Guide 83 Chapter 6 Tutorials 6 Select IP as the Local ID Type. This is the type of content that will be used to identify Jacks NBG460N. Enter the IP address 2.2.2.2 in the Local Content text box. This identifies Jacks NBG460N to Bobs NBG460N. 7 Enter the IP address 1.1.1.1 in the Secure Gateway Address text box. This is Bobs WAN IP address. 8 Select IP as the Peer ID Type. This is Bobs Local ID Type. Enter 1.1.1.1 in the Peer Content text box. This is Bobs Local Content WAN IP address. Figure 54 Authentication Method 9 Select Tunnel as the Encapsulation Mode and ESP as the IPSec Protocol. 10 Enter ThisIsMySecretKey as the Pre-Shared Key. This is the password for the VPN 11 Select 3DES as the encyption algorithm. Select the authentication algorithm as SHA1. tunnel that only Bob and Jack know. These algorithms are more secure. Figure 55 IPSec Algorithm 12 Click Apply to save the new rule and click VPN in the web configurator menu to return to the VPN Summary screen. The new VPN rule is displayed as shown below. Figure 56 VPN Summary 6.2.3 Checking the VPN Connection Check if the VPN connection is working by pinging the computer on the other side of the VPN connection. In the example below Bob is pinging Jacks computer. 84 NBG460N Users Guide Figure 57 Pinging Jacks Local IP Address Chapter 6 Tutorials Pinging is successful which means a VPN tunnel has been established between Bob and Jacks NBG460Ns. Congratulations! To check this VPN connection click VPN > SA Monitor in the web configurator. Figure 58 SA Monitor
If pinging is not successful check the VPN settings on both devices and try again. If you are still having problems make sure the VPN settings in the Advanced options are also the same. For more information on VPN including field descriptions refer to Chapter 15 on page 165. NBG460N Users Guide 85 Chapter 6 Tutorials 86 NBG460N Users Guide PART II Network Wireless LAN (89) WAN (117) LAN (127) DHCP (133) Network Address Translation (NAT) (137) Dynamic DNS (147) 87 88 CHAPTER 7 Wireless LAN This chapter discusses how to configure the wireless network settings in your NBG460N. See the appendices for more detailed information about wireless networks. 7.1 Wireless Network Overview The following figure provides an example of a wireless network. Figure 59 Example of a Wireless Network AP The wireless network is the part in the blue circle. In this wireless network, devices A and B are called wireless clients. The wireless clients use the access point (AP) to interact with other devices (such as the printer) or with the Internet. Your NBG460N is the AP. Every wireless network must follow these basic guidelines. Every wireless client in the same wireless network must use the same SSID. The SSID is the name of the wireless network. It stands for Service Set IDentity. If two wireless networks overlap, they should use different channels. Like radio stations or television channels, each wireless network uses a specific channel, or frequency, to send and receive information. NBG460N Users Guide 89 Chapter 7 Wireless LAN Every wireless client in the same wireless network must use security compatible with the AP. Security stops unauthorized devices from using the wireless network. It can also protect the information that is sent in the wireless network. 7.2 Wireless Security Overview The following sections introduce different types of wireless security you can set up in the wireless network. 7.2.1 SSID Normally, the AP acts like a beacon and regularly broadcasts the SSID in the area. You can hide the SSID instead, in which case the AP does not broadcast the SSID. In addition, you should change the default SSID to something that is difficult to guess. This type of security is fairly weak, however, because there are ways for unauthorized devices to get the SSID. In addition, unauthorized devices can still see the information that is sent in the wireless network. 7.2.2 MAC Address Filter Every wireless client has a unique identification number, called a MAC address.1 A MAC address is usually written using twelve hexadecimal characters2; for example, 00A0C5000002 or 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. To get the MAC address for each wireless client, see the appropriate Users Guide or other documentation. You can use the MAC address filter to tell the AP which wireless clients are allowed or not allowed to use the wireless network. If a wireless client is allowed to use the wireless network, it still has to have the correct settings (SSID, channel, and security). If a wireless client is not allowed to use the wireless network, it does not matter if it has the correct settings. This type of security does not protect the information that is sent in the wireless network. Furthermore, there are ways for unauthorized devices to get the MAC address of an authorized wireless client. Then, they can use that MAC address to use the wireless network. 7.2.3 User Authentication You can make every user log in to the wireless network before they can use it. This is called user authentication. However, every wireless client in the wireless network has to support IEEE 802.1x to do this. For wireless networks, there are two typical places to store the user names and passwords for each user. In the AP: this feature is called a local user database or a local database. In a RADIUS server: this is a server used in businesses more than in homes. 1. Some wireless devices, such as scanners, can detect wireless networks but cannot use wireless networks. These kinds of wireless devices might not have MAC addresses. 2. Hexadecimal characters are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, and F. 90 NBG460N Users Guide Chapter 7 Wireless LAN If your AP does not provide a local user database and if you do not have a RADIUS server, you cannot set up user names and passwords for your users. Unauthorized devices can still see the information that is sent in the wireless network, even if they cannot use the wireless network. Furthermore, there are ways for unauthorized wireless users to get a valid user name and password. Then, they can use that user name and password to use the wireless network. Local user databases also have an additional limitation that is explained in the next section. 7.2.4 Encryption Wireless networks can use encryption to protect the information that is sent in the wireless network. Encryption is like a secret code. If you do not know the secret code, you cannot understand the message. The types of encryption you can choose depend on the type of user authentication. (See Section 7.2.3 on page 90 for information about this.) Table 27 Types of Encryption for Each Type of Authentication Weakest NO AUTHENTICATION No Security Static WEP WPA-PSK Strongest WPA2-PSK RADIUS SERVER WPA WPA2 For example, if the wireless network has a RADIUS server, you can choose WPA or WPA2. If users do not log in to the wireless network, you can choose no encryption, Static WEP, WPA-
PSK, or WPA2-PSK. Usually, you should set up the strongest encryption that every wireless client in the wireless network supports. For example, suppose the AP does not have a local user database, and you do not have a RADIUS server. Therefore, there is no user authentication. Suppose the wireless network has two wireless clients. Device A only supports WEP, and device B supports WEP and WPA. Therefore, you should set up Static WEP in the wireless network.
It is recommended that wireless networks use WPA-PSK, WPA, or stronger encryption. IEEE 802.1x and WEP encryption are better than none at all, but it is still possible for unauthorized devices to figure out the original information pretty quickly. It is not possible to use WPA-PSK, WPA or stronger encryption with a local user database. In this case, it is better to set up stronger encryption with no authentication than to set up weaker encryption with the local user database. NBG460N Users Guide 91 Chapter 7 Wireless LAN When you select WPA2 or WPA2-PSK in your NBG460N, you can also select an option
(WPA Compatible) to support WPA as well. In this case, if some wireless clients support WPA and some support WPA2, you should set up WPA2-PSK or WPA2 (depending on the type of wireless network login) and select the WPA Compatible option in the NBG460N. Many types of encryption use a key to protect the information in the wireless network. The longer the key, the stronger the encryption. Every wireless client in the wireless network must have the same key. 7.3 Roaming A wireless station is a device with an IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n compliant wireless interface. An access point (AP) acts as a bridge between the wireless and wired networks. An AP creates its own wireless coverage area. A wireless station can associate with a particular access point only if it is within the access points coverage area. In a network environment with multiple access points, wireless stations are able to switch from one access point to another as they move between the coverage areas. This is known as roaming. As the wireless station moves from place to place, it is responsible for choosing the most appropriate access point depending on the signal strength, network utilization or other factors. The roaming feature on the access points allows the access points to relay information about the wireless stations to each other. When a wireless station moves from a coverage area to another, it scans and uses the channel of a new access point, which then informs the other access points on the LAN about the change. An example is shown in Figure 60 on page 93. With roaming, a wireless LAN mobile user enjoys a continuous connection to the wired network through an access point while moving around the wireless LAN. Enable roaming to exchange the latest bridge information of all wireless stations between APs when a wireless station moves between coverage areas. Wireless stations can still associate with other APs even if you disable roaming. Enabling roaming ensures correct traffic forwarding (bridge tables are updated) and maximum AP efficiency. The AP deletes records of wireless stations that associate with other APs (Non-ZyXEL APs may not be able to perform this). 802.1x authentication information is not exchanged (at the time of writing). 92 NBG460N Users Guide Figure 60 Roaming Example Chapter 7 Wireless LAN The steps below describe the roaming process. 1 Wireless station Y moves from the coverage area of access point AP 1 to that of access point AP 2. 2 Wireless station Y scans and detects the signal of access point AP 2. 3 Wireless station Y sends an association request to access point AP 2. 4 Access point AP 2 acknowledges the presence of wireless station Y and relays this information to access point AP 1 through the wired LAN. 5 Access point AP 1 updates the new position of wireless station Y. 7.3.1 Requirements for Roaming The following requirements must be met in order for wireless stations to roam between the coverage areas. 1 All the access points must be on the same subnet and configured with the same ESSID. 2 If IEEE 802.1x user authentication is enabled and to be done locally on the access point, the new access point must have the user profile for the wireless station. 3 The adjacent access points should use different radio channels when their coverage areas overlap. 4 All access points must use the same port number to relay roaming information. 5 The access points must be connected to the Ethernet and be able to get IP addresses from a DHCP server if using dynamic IP address assignment. 7.4 Quality of Service This section discusses the Quality of Service (QoS) features available on the NBG460N. NBG460N Users Guide 93 Chapter 7 Wireless LAN 7.4.1 WMM QoS WMM (Wi-Fi MultiMedia) QoS (Quality of Service) ensures quality of service in wireless networks. It controls WLAN transmission priority on packets to be transmitted over the wireless network. WMM QoS prioritizes wireless traffic according to delivery requirements. WMM QoS is a part of the IEEE 802.11e QoS enhancement to certified Wi-Fi wireless networks. On APs without WMM QoS, all traffic streams are given the same access priority to the wireless network. If the introduction of another traffic stream creates a data transmission demand that exceeds the current network capacity, then the new traffic stream reduces the throughput of the other traffic streams. The NBG460N uses WMM QoS to prioritize traffic streams according to the IEEE 802.1q tag or DSCP information in each packets header. The NBG460N automatically determines the priority to use for an individual traffic stream. This prevents reductions in data transmission for applications that are sensitive to latency (delay) and jitter (variations in delay). 7.4.1.1 WMM QoS Priorities The following table describes the WMM QoS priority levels that the NBG460N uses. Table 28 WMM QoS Priorities PRIORITY LEVEL voice
(WMM_VOICE) video
(WMM_VIDEO) best effort
(WMM_BEST_EFFORT) DESCRIPTION Typically used for traffic that is especially sensitive to jitter. Use this priority to reduce latency for improved voice quality. Typically used for traffic which has some tolerance for jitter but needs to be prioritized over other data traffic. Typically used for traffic from applications or devices that lack QoS capabilities. Use best effort priority for traffic that is less sensitive to latency, but is affected by long delays, such as Internet surfing. This is typically used for non-critical traffic such as bulk transfers and print jobs that are allowed but that should not affect other applications and users. Use background priority for applications that do not have strict latency and throughput requirements. background
(WMM_BACKGROUND) 7.5 General Wireless LAN Screen
If you are configuring the NBG460N from a computer connected to the wireless LAN and you change the NBG460Ns SSID, channel or security settings, you will lose your wireless connection when you press Apply to confirm. You must then change the wireless settings of your computer to match the NBG460Ns new settings. Click Network > Wireless LAN to open the General screen. 94 NBG460N Users Guide Figure 61 Network > Wireless LAN > General Chapter 7 Wireless LAN The following table describes the general wireless LAN labels in this screen. Table 29 Network > Wireless LAN > General LABEL Enable Wireless LAN Name(SSID) DESCRIPTION Click the check box to activate wireless LAN. Hide SSID Channel Selection Auto Channel Selection Security Mode
(Service Set IDentity) The SSID identifies the Service Set with which a wireless station is associated. Wireless stations associating to the access point (AP) must have the same SSID. Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 printable 7-bit ASCII characters) for the wireless LAN. Select this check box to hide the SSID in the outgoing beacon frame so a station cannot obtain the SSID through scanning using a site survey tool. Set the operating frequency/channel depending on your particular region. Select a channel from the drop-down list box. The options vary depending on the frequency band and the country you are in. Refer to the Connection Wizard chapter for more information on channels. This option is only available if Auto Channel Selection is disabled. Select this check box for the NBG460N to automatically choose the channel with the least interference. Deselect this check box if you wish to manually select the channel using the Channel Section field. This displays the channel the NBG460N is currently using. Operating Channel Channel Width Select whether the NBG460N uses a wireless channel width of 20 or 40 MHz. A standard 20 MHz channel offers transfer speeds of up to 150Mbps whereas a 40MHz channel uses two standard channels and offers speeds of up to 300 Mbps. Because not all devices support 40 MHz channels, select Auto 20/40MHz to allow the NBG460N to adjust the channel bandwidth automatically. Select Static-WEP, WPA-PSK, WPA, WPA2-PSK, or WPA2 to add security on this wireless network. The wireless clients which want to associate to this network must have same wireless security settings as this device. After you select to use a security, additional options appears in this screen. See 7.5.2, 7.5.3, 7.5.4 sections. Or you can select No Security to allow any client to associate this network without authentication. Note: If you enable the WPS function, only No Security, WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK are available in this field. NBG460N Users Guide 95 Chapter 7 Wireless LAN Table 29 Network > Wireless LAN > General LABEL Apply Reset DESCRIPTION Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG460N. Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen. See the rest of this chapter for information on the other labels in this screen. 7.5.1 No Security Select No Security to allow wireless stations to communicate with the access points without any data encryption.
If you do not enable any wireless security on your NBG460N, your network is accessible to any wireless networking device that is within range. Figure 62 Network > Wireless LAN > General: No Security The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 30 Wireless No Security LABEL DESCRIPTION Security Mode Choose No Security from the drop-down list box. Apply Reset Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG460N. Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen. 7.5.2 WEP Encryption WEP encryption scrambles the data transmitted between the wireless stations and the access points to keep network communications private. It encrypts unicast and multicast communications in a network. Both the wireless stations and the access points must use the same WEP key. 96 NBG460N Users Guide Chapter 7 Wireless LAN Your NBG460N allows you to configure up to four 64-bit or 128-bit WEP keys but only one key can be enabled at any one time. In order to configure and enable WEP encryption; click Network > Wireless LAN to display the General screen. Select Static WEP from the Security Mode list. Figure 63 Network > Wireless LAN > General: Static WEP The following table describes the wireless LAN security labels in this screen. Table 31 Network > Wireless LAN > General: Static WEP LABEL Passphrase DESCRIPTION Enter a passphrase (password phrase) of up to 32 printable characters and click Generate. The NBG460N automatically generates four different WEP keys and displays them in the Key fields below. Select 64-bit WEP or 128-bit WEP to enable data encryption. WEP Encryption Authentication Method ASCII Hex This field is activated when you select 64-bit WEP or 128-bit WEP in the WEP Encryption field. Select Auto or Shared Key from the drop-down list box. Select this option in order to enter ASCII characters as WEP key. Select this option in order to enter hexadecimal characters as a WEP key. The preceding "0x", that identifies a hexadecimal key, is entered automatically. NBG460N Users Guide 97 Chapter 7 Wireless LAN Table 31 Network > Wireless LAN > General: Static WEP LABEL Key 1 to Key 4 The WEP keys are used to encrypt data. Both the NBG460N and the wireless DESCRIPTION stations must use the same WEP key for data transmission. If you chose 64-bit WEP, then enter any 5 ASCII characters or 10 hexadecimal characters ("0-9", "A-F"). If you chose 128-bit WEP, then enter 13 ASCII characters or 26 hexadecimal characters ("0-9", "A-F"). You must configure at least one key, only one key can be activated at any one time. The default key is key 1. Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG460N. Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen. Apply Reset 7.5.3 WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK Click Network > Wireless LAN to display the General screen. Select WPA-PSK or WPA2-
PSK from the Security Mode list. Figure 64 Network > Wireless LAN > General: WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK 98 NBG460N Users Guide Chapter 7 Wireless LAN The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 32 Network > Wireless LAN > General: WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK LABEL WPA Compatible DESCRIPTION This check box is available only when you select WPA2-PSK or WPA2 in the Security Mode field. Select the check box to have both WPA2 and WPA wireless clients be able to communicate with the NBG460N even when the NBG460N is using WPA2-PSK or WPA2. The encryption mechanisms used for WPA/WPA2 and WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK are the same. The only difference between the two is that WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK uses a simple common password, instead of user-specific credentials. Type a pre-shared key from 8 to 63 case-sensitive ASCII characters (including spaces and symbols). Specify how often wireless stations have to resend usernames and passwords in order to stay connected. Enter a time interval between 10 and 9999 seconds. The default time interval is 1800 seconds (30 minutes). Note: If wireless station authentication is done using a RADIUS server, the reauthentication timer on the RADIUS server has priority. The NBG460N automatically disconnects a wireless station from the wired network after a period of inactivity. The wireless station needs to enter the username and password again before access to the wired network is allowed. The default time interval is 3600 seconds (or 1 hour). The Group Key Update Timer is the rate at which the AP (if using WPA-PSK/
WPA2-PSK key management) or RADIUS server (if using WPA/WPA2 key management) sends a new group key out to all clients. The re-keying process is the WPA/WPA2 equivalent of automatically changing the WEP key for an AP and all stations in a WLAN on a periodic basis. Setting of the Group Key Update Timer is also supported in WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK mode. The default is 1800 seconds (30 minutes). Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG460N. Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen. Pre-Shared Key ReAuthentication Timer (in seconds) Idle Timeout Group Key Update Timer Apply Reset 7.5.4 WPA/WPA2 Click Network > Wireless LAN to display the General screen. Select WPA or WPA2 from the Security Mode list. NBG460N Users Guide 99 Chapter 7 Wireless LAN Figure 65 Network > Wireless LAN > General: WPA/WPA2 The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 33 Network > Wireless LAN > General: WPA/WPA2 LABEL WPA Compatible DESCRIPTION This check box is available only when you select WPA2-PSK or WPA2 in the Security Mode field. Select the check box to have both WPA2 and WPA wireless clients be able to communicate with the NBG460N even when the NBG460N is using WPA2-PSK or WPA2. Specify how often wireless stations have to resend usernames and passwords in order to stay connected. Enter a time interval between 10 and 9999 seconds. The default time interval is 1800 seconds (30 minutes). Note: If wireless station authentication is done using a RADIUS server, the reauthentication timer on the RADIUS server has priority. The NBG460N automatically disconnects a wireless station from the wired network after a period of inactivity. The wireless station needs to enter the username and password again before access to the wired network is allowed. The default time interval is 3600 seconds (or 1 hour). ReAuthentication Timer (in seconds) Idle Timeout 100 NBG460N Users Guide
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Chapter 17 Bandwidth Management Table 72 Bandwidth Management Priorities PRIORITY LEVELS: TRAFFIC WITH A HIGHER PRIORITY GETS THROUGH FASTER WHILE TRAFFIC WITH A LOWER PRIORITY IS DROPPED IF THE NETWORK IS CONGESTED. Mid Typically used for excellent effort or better than best effort and would include important business traffic that can tolerate some delay. This is typically used for non-critical background traffic such as bulk transfers that are allowed but that should not affect other applications and users. Low 17.6 Predefined Bandwidth Management Services The following is a description of the services that you can select and to which you can apply media bandwidth management using the wizard screens. Table 73 Media Bandwidth Management Setup: Services SERVICE Xbox Live VoIP (SIP) FTP E-Mail BitTorrent MSN Webcam WWW DESCRIPTION This is Microsofts online gaming service that lets you play multiplayer Xbox games on the Internet via broadband technology. Xbox Live uses port 3074. Sending voice signals over the Internet is called Voice over IP or VoIP. Session Initiated Protocol (SIP) is an internationally recognized standard for implementing VoIP. SIP is an application-layer control (signaling) protocol that handles the setting up, altering and tearing down of voice and multimedia sessions over the Internet. SIP is transported primarily over UDP but can also be transported over TCP, using the default port number 5060. File Transfer Program enables fast transfer of files, including large files that may not be possible by e-mail. FTP uses port number 21. Electronic mail consists of messages sent through a computer network to specific groups or individuals. Here are some default ports for e-mail:
POP3 - port 110 IMAP - port 143 SMTP - port 25 HTTP - port 80 BitTorrent is a free P2P (peer-to-peer) sharing tool allowing you to distribute large software and media files using ports 6881 to 6889. BitTorrent requires you to search for a file with a searching engine yourself. It distributes files by corporation and trading, that is, the client downloads the file in small pieces and share the pieces with other peers to get other half of the file. MSN messenger allows you to chat online and send instant messages. If you use MSN messenger and also have a webcam, you can send your image/photo in real-time along with messages The World Wide Web (WWW) is an Internet system to distribute graphical, hyper-
linked information, based on Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) - a client/server protocol for the World Wide Web. The Web is not synonymous with the Internet;
rather, it is just one service on the Internet. Other services on the Internet include Internet Relay Chat and Newsgroups. The Web is accessed through use of a browser. 17.6.1 Services and Port Numbers See Appendix F on page 321 for commonly used services and port numbers. NBG460N Users Guide 201 Chapter 17 Bandwidth Management 17.7 Default Bandwidth Management Classes and Priorities If you enable bandwidth management but do not configure a rule for critical traffic like VoIP, the voice traffic may then get delayed due to insufficient bandwidth. With the automatic traffic classifier feature activated, the NBG460N automatically assigns a default bandwidth management class and priority to traffic that does not match any of the user-defined rules. The traffic is classified based on the traffic type. Real-time traffic always gets higher priority over other traffic. The following table shows you the priorities between the three default classes (AutoClass_H, AutoClass_M and Default Class) and user-defined rules. 6 is the highest priority. Table 74 Bandwidth Management Priority with Default Classes CLASS TYPE User-defined with high priority AutoClass_H User-defined with medium priority AutoClass_M User-defined with low priority Default Class PRIORITY 6 5 4 3 2 1 17.8 Bandwidth Management General Configuration Click Management > Bandwidth MGMT to open the bandwidth management General screen. Figure 121 Management > Bandwidth MGMT > General 202 NBG460N Users Guide Chapter 17 Bandwidth Management The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 75 Management > Bandwidth MGMT > General LABEL Enable Bandwidth Management DESCRIPTION Select this check box to have the NBG460N apply bandwidth management. Enable bandwidth management to give traffic that matches a bandwidth rule priority over traffic that does not match a bandwidth rule. Enabling bandwidth management also allows you to control the maximum or minimum amounts of bandwidth that can be used by traffic that matches a bandwidth rule. This field is only applicable when you select the Enable Bandwidth Management check box. Select this check box to have the NBG460N base on the default bandwidth classes to apply bandwidth management. Real-time packets, such as VoIP traffic always get higher priority. Click Apply to save your customized settings. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. Enable Automatic Traffic Classifier Apply Reset 17.9 Bandwidth Management Advanced Configuration Click Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Advanced to open the bandwidth management Advanced screen. Figure 122 Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Advanced NBG460N Users Guide 203 Chapter 17 Bandwidth Management The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 76 Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Advanced LABEL Check my upstream bandwidth Upstream Bandwidth (kbps) DESCRIPTION Click the Detection button to check the size of your upstream bandwidth. Enter the amount of bandwidth in kbps (2 to 100,000) that you want to allocate for traffic. 20 kbps to 20,000 kbps is recommended. The recommendation is to set this speed to be equal to or less than the speed of the broadband device connected to the WAN port. For example, set the speed to 1000 Kbps (or less) if the broadband device connected to the WAN port has an upstream speed of 1000 Kbps. Use this table to allocate specific amounts of bandwidth based on the pre-defined service. This is the number of an individual bandwidth management rule. Select this check box to have the NBG460N apply this bandwidth management rule. This is the name of the service. Select a priority from the drop down list box. Choose High, Mid or Low. Service Priority Advanced Setting Click the Edit icon to open the Rule Configuration screen where you can modify Application List
Enable User-defined Service
Enable Direction Service Name Priority Modify Apply Reset the rule. Use this table to allocate specific amounts of bandwidth to specific applications and/or subnets. This is the number of an individual bandwidth management rule. Select this check box to have the NBG460N apply this bandwidth management rule. Select To LAN to apply bandwidth management to traffic that the NBG460N forwards to the LAN. Select To WAN to apply bandwidth management to traffic that the NBG460N forwards to the WAN. Select To WLAN to apply bandwidth management to traffic that the NBG460N forwards to the WLAN. Enter a descriptive name of up to 19 alphanumeric characters, including spaces. Select a priority from the drop down list box. Choose High, Mid or Low. Click the Edit icon to open the Rule Configuration screen. Modify an existing rule or create a new rule in the Rule Configuration screen. See Section 17.9.2 on page 205 for more information. Click the Remove icon to delete a rule. Click Apply to save your customized settings. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. 204 NBG460N Users Guide Chapter 17 Bandwidth Management 17.9.1 Rule Configuration with the Pre-defined Service To edit a bandwidth management rule for the pre-defined service in the NBG460N, click the Edit icon in the Application List table of the Advanced screen. The following screen displays. Figure 123 Bandwidth Management Rule Configuration: Pre-defined Service The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 77 Bandwidth Management Rule Configuration: Pre-defined Service LABEL
Enable Direction Bandwidth Destination Port Source Port Protocol OK Cancel DESCRIPTION This is the number of an individual bandwidth management rule. Select an interfaces check box to enable bandwidth management on that interface. These read-only labels represent the physical interfaces. Bandwidth management applies to all traffic flowing out of the router through the interface, regardless of the traffics source. Traffic redirect or IP alias may cause LAN-to-LAN traffic to pass through the NBG460N and be managed by bandwidth management. Select Maximum Bandwidth or Minimum Bandwidth and specify the maximum or minimum bandwidth allowed for the rule in kilobits per second. This is the port number of the destination. See Appendix F on page 321 for some common services and port numbers. This is the port number of the source. See Appendix F on page 321 for some common services and port numbers. This is the protocol (TCP or UDP) used for the service. Click OK to save your customized settings. Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving. 17.9.2 Rule Configuration: User Defined Service Rule Configuration If you want to edit a bandwidth management rule for other applications and/or subnets, click the Edit icon in the User-defined Service table of the Advanced screen. The following screen displays. NBG460N Users Guide 205 Chapter 17 Bandwidth Management Figure 124 Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Advanced: User-defined Service Rule Configuration The following table describes the labels in this screen Table 78 Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Advanced: User-defined Service Rule Configuration LABEL BW Budget Destination Address Destination Subnet Netmask Destination Port Source Address Source Subnet Netmask Source Port Protocol OK Cancel DESCRIPTION Select Maximum Bandwidth or Minimum Bandwidth and specify the maximum or minimum bandwidth allowed for the rule in kilobits per second. Enter the destination IP address in dotted decimal notation. Enter the destination subnet mask. This field is N/A if you do not specify a Destination Address. Refer to the appendices for more information on IP subnetting. Enter the port number of the destination. See Appendix F on page 321 for some common services and port numbers. Enter the source IP address in dotted decimal notation. Enter the destination subnet mask. This field is N/A if you do not specify a Source Address. Refer to the appendices for more information on IP subnetting. Enter the port number of the source. See Appendix F on page 321 for some common services and port numbers. Select the protocol (TCP or UDP) or select User defined and enter the protocol
(service type) number. Click OK to save your customized settings. Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving. 17.10 Bandwidth Management Monitor Click Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Monitor to open the bandwidth management Monitor screen. View the bandwidth usage of the WAN configured bandwidth rules. This is also shown as bandwidth usage over the bandwidth budget for each rule. The gray section of the bar represents the percentage of unused bandwidth and the blue color represents the percentage of bandwidth in use. 206 NBG460N Users Guide Figure 125 Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Monitor Chapter 17 Bandwidth Management NBG460N Users Guide 207 Chapter 17 Bandwidth Management 208 NBG460N Users Guide CHAPTER 18 Remote Management This chapter provides information on the Remote Management screens. 18.1 Remote Management Overview Remote management allows you to determine which services/protocols can access which NBG460N interface (if any) from which computers.
When you configure remote management to allow management from the WAN, you still need to configure a firewall rule to allow access. See the firewall chapters for details on configuring firewall rules. You may manage your NBG460N from a remote location via:
ALL (LAN and WAN) Neither (Disable). Internet (WAN only) LAN only
When you choose WAN or LAN & WAN, you still need to configure a firewall rule to allow access. To disable remote management of a service, select Disable in the corresponding Server Access field. You may only have one remote management session running at a time. The NBG460N automatically disconnects a remote management session of lower priority when another remote management session of higher priority starts. The priorities for the different types of remote management sessions are as follows. 1 Telnet 2 HTTP 18.1.1 Remote Management Limitations Remote management over LAN or WAN will not work when:
NBG460N Users Guide 209 Chapter 18 Remote Management 1 You have disabled that service in one of the remote management screens. 2 The IP address in the Secured Client IP Address field does not match the client IP address. If it does not match, the NBG460N will disconnect the session immediately. 3 There is already another remote management session with an equal or higher priority running. You may only have one remote management session running at one time. 4 There is a firewall rule that blocks it. 18.1.2 Remote Management and NAT When NAT is enabled:
Use the NBG460Ns WAN IP address when configuring from the WAN. Use the NBG460Ns LAN IP address when configuring from the LAN. 18.1.3 System Timeout There is a default system management idle timeout of five minutes (three hundred seconds). The NBG460N automatically logs you out if the management session remains idle for longer than this timeout period. The management session does not time out when a statistics screen is polling. You can change the timeout period in the System screen 18.2 WWW Screen To change your NBG460Ns World Wide Web settings, click Management > Remote MGMT to display the WWW screen. Figure 126 Management > Remote MGMT > WWW The following table describes the labels in this screen Table 79 Management > Remote MGMT > WWW LABEL Server Port Server Access DESCRIPTION You may change the server port number for a service if needed, however you must use the same port number in order to use that service for remote management. Select the interface(s) through which a computer may access the NBG460N using this service. 210 NBG460N Users Guide Chapter 18 Remote Management LABEL Secured Client IP Address Apply Reset DESCRIPTION A secured client is a trusted computer that is allowed to communicate with the NBG460N using this service. Select All to allow any computer to access the NBG460N using this service. Choose Selected to just allow the computer with the IP address that you specify to access the NBG460N using this service. Click Apply to save your customized settings and exit this screen. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. 18.3 Telnet You can use Telnet to access the NBG460Ns command line interface. Specify which interfaces allow Telnet access and from which IP address the access can come. 18.4 Telnet Screen To change your NBG460Ns Telnet settings, click Management > Remote MGMT > Telnet. The following screen displays. Figure 127 Management > Remote MGMT > Telnet The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 80 Management > Remote MGMT > Telnet LABEL Server Port DESCRIPTION You may change the server port number for a service if needed, however you must use the same port number in order to use that service for remote management. Select the interface(s) through which a computer may access the NBG460N using this service. A secured client is a trusted computer that is allowed to communicate with the NBG460N using this service. Select All to allow any computer to access the NBG460N using this service. Choose Selected to just allow the computer with the IP address that you specify to access the NBG460N using this service. Click Apply to save your customized settings and exit this screen. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. Server Access Secured Client IP Address Apply Reset NBG460N Users Guide 211 Chapter 18 Remote Management 18.5 FTP Screen You can use FTP (File Transfer Protocol) to upload and download the NBG460Ns firmware and configuration files. To use this feature, your computer must have an FTP client. To change your NBG460Ns FTP settings, click Management > Remote MGMT > FTP. The screen appears as shown. Use this screen to specify which interfaces allow FTP access and from which IP address the access can come. Figure 128 Management > Remote MGMT > FTP The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 81 Management > Remote MGMT > FTP LABEL Server Port DESCRIPTION You may change the server port number for a service if needed, however you must use the same port number in order to use that service for remote management. Select the interface(s) through which a computer may access the NBG460N using this service. A secured client is a trusted computer that is allowed to communicate with the NBG460N using this service. Select All to allow any computer to access the NBG460N using this service. Choose Selected to just allow the computer with the IP address that you specify to access the NBG460N using this service. Click Apply to save your customized settings and exit this screen. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. Server Access Secured Client IP Address Apply Reset 18.6 DNS Screen Use DNS (Domain Name System) to map a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice versa. Refer to the chapter on Wizard Setup for background information. To change your NBG460Ns DNS settings, click Management > Remote MGMT > DNS. The screen appears as shown. 212 NBG460N Users Guide Figure 129 Management > Remote MGMT > DNS Chapter 18 Remote Management The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 82 Management > Remote MGMT > DNS LABEL Server Port Server Access DESCRIPTION The DNS service port number is 53 and cannot be changed here. Select the interface(s) through which a computer may send DNS queries to the NBG460N. A secured client is a trusted computer that is allowed to send DNS queries to the NBG460N. Select All to allow any computer to send DNS queries to the NBG460N. Choose Selected to just allow the computer with the IP address that you specify to send DNS queries to the NBG460N. Click Apply to save your customized settings and exit this screen. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. Secured Client IP Address Apply Reset NBG460N Users Guide 213 Chapter 18 Remote Management 214 NBG460N Users Guide CHAPTER 19 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) This chapter introduces the UPnP feature in the web configurator. 19.1 Introducing Universal Plug and Play Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) is a distributed, open networking standard that uses TCP/IP for simple peer-to-peer network connectivity between devices. A UPnP device can dynamically join a network, obtain an IP address, convey its capabilities and learn about other devices on the network. In turn, a device can leave a network smoothly and automatically when it is no longer in use. See Section 19.3 on page 216 for configuration instructions. 19.1.1 How do I know if I'm using UPnP?
UPnP hardware is identified as an icon in the Network Connections folder (Windows XP). Each UPnP compatible device installed on your network will appear as a separate icon. Selecting the icon of a UPnP device will allow you to access the information and properties of that device. 19.1.2 NAT Traversal UPnP NAT traversal automates the process of allowing an application to operate through NAT. UPnP network devices can automatically configure network addressing, announce their presence in the network to other UPnP devices and enable exchange of simple product and service descriptions. NAT traversal allows the following:
Dynamic port mapping Learning public IP addresses Assigning lease times to mappings Windows Messenger is an example of an application that supports NAT traversal and UPnP. See the NAT chapter for more information on NAT. 19.1.3 Cautions with UPnP The automated nature of NAT traversal applications in establishing their own services and opening firewall ports may present network security issues. Network information and configuration may also be obtained and modified by users in some network environments. NBG460N Users Guide 215 Chapter 19 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) When a UPnP device joins a network, it announces its presence with a multicast message. For security reasons, the NBG460N allows multicast messages on the LAN only. All UPnP-enabled devices may communicate freely with each other without additional configuration. Disable UPnP if this is not your intention. 19.2 UPnP and ZyXEL ZyXEL has achieved UPnP certification from the Universal Plug and Play Forum UPnP Implementers Corp. (UIC). ZyXEL's UPnP implementation supports Internet Gateway Device
(IGD) 1.0. See the following sections for examples of installing and using UPnP. 19.3 UPnP Screen Click the Management > UPnP to display the UPnP screen. Figure 130 Management > UPnP > General The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 83 Management > UPnP > General LABEL DESCRIPTION Select this check box to activate UPnP. Be aware that anyone could use Enable the Universal Plug a UPnP application to open the web configurator's login screen without and Play (UPnP) Feature entering the NBG460N's IP address (although you must still enter the password to access the web configurator). Select this check box to allow UPnP-enabled applications to automatically configure the NBG460N so that they can communicate through the NBG460N, for example by using NAT traversal, UPnP applications automatically reserve a NAT forwarding port in order to communicate with another UPnP enabled device; this eliminates the need to manually configure port forwarding for the UPnP enabled application. Select this check box to allow traffic from UPnP-enabled applications to bypass the firewall. Clear this check box to have the firewall block all UPnP application packets (for example, MSN packets). Allow users to make configuration changes through UPnP Allow UPnP to pass through Firewall 216 NBG460N Users Guide Chapter 19 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) Table 83 Management > UPnP > General LABEL DESCRIPTION Click Apply to save the setting to the NBG460N. Apply Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. Reset 19.4 Installing UPnP in Windows Example This section shows how to install UPnP in Windows Me and Windows XP. 19.4.0.1 Installing UPnP in Windows Me Follow the steps below to install the UPnP in Windows Me. 1 Click Start and Control Panel. Double-click Add/Remove Programs. 2 Click on the Windows Setup tab and select Communication in the Components selection box. Click Details. Figure 131 Add/Remove Programs: Windows Setup: Communication 3 In the Communications window, select the Universal Plug and Play check box in the Components selection box. NBG460N Users Guide 217 Chapter 19 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) Figure 132 Add/Remove Programs: Windows Setup: Communication: Components 4 Click OK to go back to the Add/Remove Programs Properties window and click Next. 5 Restart the computer when prompted. Installing UPnP in Windows XP Follow the steps below to install the UPnP in Windows XP. 1 Click Start and Control Panel. 2 Double-click Network Connections. 3 In the Network Connections window, click Advanced in the main menu and select Optional Networking Components . Figure 133 Network Connections 4 The Windows Optional Networking Components Wizard window displays. Select Networking Service in the Components selection box and click Details. 218 NBG460N Users Guide Figure 134 Windows Optional Networking Components Wizard Chapter 19 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 5 In the Networking Services window, select the Universal Plug and Play check box. Figure 135 Networking Services 6 Click OK to go back to the Windows Optional Networking Component Wizard window and click Next. NBG460N Users Guide 219 Chapter 19 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 19.4.0.2 Using UPnP in Windows XP Example This section shows you how to use the UPnP feature in Windows XP. You must already have UPnP installed in Windows XP and UPnP activated on the NBG460N. Make sure the computer is connected to a LAN port of the NBG460N. Turn on your computer and the NBG460N. Auto-discover Your UPnP-enabled Network Device 1 Click Start and Control Panel. Double-click Network Connections. An icon displays under Internet Gateway. 2 Right-click the icon and select Properties. Figure 136 Network Connections 3 In the Internet Connection Properties window, click Settings to see the port mappings there were automatically created. 220 NBG460N Users Guide Figure 137 Internet Connection Properties Chapter 19 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 4 You may edit or delete the port mappings or click Add to manually add port mappings. NBG460N Users Guide 221 Chapter 19 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) Figure 138 Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings Figure 139 Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings: Add 5 When the UPnP-enabled device is disconnected from your computer, all port mappings 6 Select Show icon in notification area when connected option and click OK. An icon will be deleted automatically. displays in the system tray. 222 NBG460N Users Guide Figure 140 System Tray Icon Chapter 19 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 7 Double-click on the icon to display your current Internet connection status. Figure 141 Internet Connection Status Web Configurator Easy Access With UPnP, you can access the web-based configurator on the NBG460N without finding out the IP address of the NBG460N first. This comes helpful if you do not know the IP address of the NBG460N. Follow the steps below to access the web configurator. 1 Click Start and then Control Panel. 2 Double-click Network Connections. 3 Select My Network Places under Other Places. NBG460N Users Guide 223 Chapter 19 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) Figure 142 Network Connections 4 An icon with the description for each UPnP-enabled device displays under Local 5 Right-click on the icon for your NBG460N and select Invoke. The web configurator Network. login screen displays. 224 NBG460N Users Guide Figure 143 Network Connections: My Network Places Chapter 19 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 6 Right-click on the icon for your NBG460N and select Properties. A properties window displays with basic information about the NBG460N. Figure 144 Network Connections: My Network Places: Properties: Example NBG460N Users Guide 225 Chapter 19 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 226 NBG460N Users Guide PART V Maintenance and Troubleshooting System (229) Logs (233) Tools (251) Configuration Mode (257) Sys Op Mode (259) Language (263) Troubleshooting (265) 227 228 CHAPTER 20 System This chapter provides information on the System screens. 20.1 System Overview See the chapter about wizard setup for more information on the next few screens. 20.2 System General Screen Click Maintenance > System. The following screen displays. Figure 145 Maintenance > System > General The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 84 Maintenance > System > General LABEL System Name DESCRIPTION System Name is a unique name to identify the NBG460N in an Ethernet network. It is recommended you enter your computers Computer name in this field (see the chapter about wizard setup for how to find your computers name). This name can be up to 30 alphanumeric characters long. Spaces are not allowed, but dashes - and underscores "_" are accepted. Enter the domain name (if you know it) here. If you leave this field blank, the ISP may assign a domain name via DHCP. The domain name entered by you is given priority over the ISP assigned domain name. Domain Name NBG460N Users Guide 229 Chapter 20 System Table 84 Maintenance > System > General LABEL Administrator Inactivity Timer DESCRIPTION Type how many minutes a management session can be left idle before the session times out. The default is 5 minutes. After it times out you have to log in with your password again. Very long idle timeouts may have security risks. A value of "0" means a management session never times out, no matter how long it has been left idle (not recommended). Change your NBG460Ns password (recommended) using the fields as shown. Type the default password or the existing password you use to access the system in this field. Type your new system password (up to 30 characters). Note that as you type a password, the screen displays an asterisk (*) for each character you type. Password Setup Old Password New Password Retype to Confirm Type the new password again in this field. Apply Reset Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG460N. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. 20.3 Time Setting Screen To change your NBG460Ns time and date, click Maintenance > System > Time Setting. The screen appears as shown. Use this screen to configure the NBG460Ns time based on your local time zone. Figure 146 Maintenance > System > Time Setting 230 NBG460N Users Guide Chapter 20 System The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 85 Maintenance > System > Time Setting LABEL Current Time and Date Current Time DESCRIPTION Current Date Time and Date Setup Manual New Time
(hh:mm:ss) New Date
(yyyy/mm/dd) Get from Time Server Auto User Defined Time Server Address Time Zone Setup Time Zone Daylight Savings Start Date This field displays the time of your NBG460N. Each time you reload this page, the NBG460N synchronizes the time with the time server. This field displays the date of your NBG460N. Each time you reload this page, the NBG460N synchronizes the date with the time server. Select this radio button to enter the time and date manually. If you configure a new time and date, Time Zone and Daylight Saving at the same time, the new time and date you entered has priority and the Time Zone and Daylight Saving settings do not affect it. This field displays the last updated time from the time server or the last time configured manually. When you set Time and Date Setup to Manual, enter the new time in this field and then click Apply. This field displays the last updated date from the time server or the last date configured manually. When you set Time and Date Setup to Manual, enter the new date in this field and then click Apply. Select this radio button to have the NBG460N get the time and date from the time server you specified below. Select Auto to have the NBG460N automatically search for an available time server and synchronize the date and time with the time server after you click Apply. Select User Defined Time Server Address and enter the IP address or URL
(up to 20 extended ASCII characters in length) of your time server. Check with your ISP/network administrator if you are unsure of this information. Choose the time zone of your location. This will set the time difference between your time zone and Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). Daylight saving is a period from late spring to early fall when many countries set their clocks ahead of normal local time by one hour to give more daytime light in the evening. Select this option if you use Daylight Saving Time. Configure the day and time when Daylight Saving Time starts if you selected Daylight Savings. The o'clock field uses the 24 hour format. Here are a couple of examples:
Daylight Saving Time starts in most parts of the United States on the first Sunday of April. Each time zone in the United States starts using Daylight Saving Time at 2 A.M. local time. So in the United States you would select First, Sunday, April and type 2 in the o'clock field. Daylight Saving Time starts in the European Union on the last Sunday of March. All of the time zones in the European Union start using Daylight Saving Time at the same moment (1 A.M. GMT or UTC). So in the European Union you would select Last, Sunday, March. The time you type in the o'clock field depends on your time zone. In Germany for instance, you would type 2 because Germany's time zone is one hour ahead of GMT or UTC (GMT+1). NBG460N Users Guide 231 Chapter 20 System Table 85 Maintenance > System > Time Setting LABEL End Date DESCRIPTION Configure the day and time when Daylight Saving Time ends if you selected Daylight Savings. The o'clock field uses the 24 hour format. Here are a couple of examples:
Daylight Saving Time ends in the United States on the last Sunday of October. Each time zone in the United States stops using Daylight Saving Time at 2 A.M. local time. So in the United States you would select Last, Sunday, October and type 2 in the o'clock field. Daylight Saving Time ends in the European Union on the last Sunday of October. All of the time zones in the European Union stop using Daylight Saving Time at the same moment (1 A.M. GMT or UTC). So in the European Union you would select Last, Sunday, October. The time you type in the o'clock field depends on your time zone. In Germany for instance, you would type 2 because Germany's time zone is one hour ahead of GMT or UTC (GMT+1). Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG460N. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. Apply Reset 232 NBG460N Users Guide CHAPTER 21 Logs This chapter contains information about configuring general log settings and viewing the NBG460Ns logs. Refer to the appendices for example log message explanations. 21.1 View Log The web configurator allows you to look at all of the NBG460Ns logs in one location. Click Maintenance > Logs to open the View Log screen. Use the View Log screen to see the logs for the categories that you selected in the Log Settings screen (see Section 21.2 on page 234). Options include logs about system maintenance, system errors, access control, allowed or blocked web sites, blocked web features (such as ActiveX controls, Java and cookies), attacks (such as DoS) and IPSec. Log entries in red indicate system error logs. The log wraps around and deletes the old entries after it fills. Click a column heading to sort the entries. A triangle indicates ascending or descending sort order. Figure 147 Maintenance > Logs > View Log NBG460N Users Guide 233 Chapter 21 Logs The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 86 Maintenance > Logs > View Log LABEL Display DESCRIPTION The categories that you select in the Log Settings page (see Section 21.2 on page 234) display in the drop-down list box. Select a category of logs to view; select All Logs to view logs from all of the log categories that you selected in the Log Settings page. Click Email Log Now to send the log screen to the e-mail address specified in the Log Settings page (make sure that you have first filled in the Address Info fields in Log Settings). Click Refresh to renew the log screen. Click Clear Log to delete all the logs. This field displays the time the log was recorded. See the chapter on system maintenance and information to configure the NBG460Ns time and date. This field states the reason for the log. This field lists the source IP address and the port number of the incoming packet. This field lists the destination IP address and the port number of the incoming packet. This field displays additional information about the log entry. Email Log Now Refresh Clear Log Time Message Source Destination Note 21.2 Log Settings You can configure the NBG460Ns general log settings in one location. Click Maintenance > Logs > Log Settings to open the Log Settings screen. Use the Log Settings screen to configure to where the NBG460N is to send logs; the schedule for when the NBG460N is to send the logs and which logs and/or immediate alerts the NBG460N to send. An alert is a type of log that warrants more serious attention. They include system errors, attacks (access control) and attempted access to blocked web sites or web sites with restricted web features such as cookies, active X and so on. Some categories such as System Errors consist of both logs and alerts. You may differentiate them by their color in the View Log screen. Alerts display in red and logs display in black. Alerts are e-mailed as soon as they happen. Logs may be e-mailed as soon as the log is full
(see Log Schedule). Selecting many alert and/or log categories (especially Access Control) may result in many e-mails being sent. 234 NBG460N Users Guide Figure 148 Maintenance > Logs > Log Settings Chapter 21 Logs The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 87 Maintenance > Logs > Log Settings LABEL E-mail Log Settings Mail Server DESCRIPTION Enter the server name or the IP address of the mail server for the e-mail addresses specified below. If this field is left blank, logs and alert messages will not be sent via E-mail. Type a title that you want to be in the subject line of the log e-mail message that the NBG460N sends. Not all NBG460N models have this field. The NBG460N sends logs to the e-mail address specified in this field. If this field is left blank, the NBG460N does not send logs via e-mail. Mail Subject Send Log To NBG460N Users Guide 235 Chapter 21 Logs Table 87 Maintenance > Logs > Log Settings LABEL Send Alerts To SMTP Authentication User Name Password Log Schedule DESCRIPTION Alerts are real-time notifications that are sent as soon as an event, such as a DoS attack, system error, or forbidden web access attempt occurs. Enter the E-
mail address where the alert messages will be sent. Alerts include system errors, attacks and attempted access to blocked web sites. If this field is left blank, alert messages will not be sent via E-mail. SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is the message-exchange standard for the Internet. SMTP enables you to move messages from one e-mail server to another. Select the check box to activate SMTP authentication. If mail server authentication is needed but this feature is disabled, you will not receive the e-
mail logs. Enter the user name (up to 31 characters) (usually the user name of a mail account). Enter the password associated with the user name above. This drop-down menu is used to configure the frequency of log messages being sent as E-mail:
Daily Weekly Hourly When Log is Full None. If you select Weekly or Daily, specify a time of day when the E-mail should be sent. If you select Weekly, then also specify which day of the week the E-mail should be sent. If you select When Log is Full, an alert is sent when the log fills up. If you select None, no log messages are sent. Day for Sending Log Use the drop down list box to select which day of the week to send the logs. Time for Sending Log Clear log after sending mail Syslog Logging Active Syslog Server IP Address Log Facility Enter the time of the day in 24-hour format (for example 23:00 equals 11:00 pm) to send the logs. Select the checkbox to delete all the logs after the NBG460N sends an E-mail of the logs. The NBG460N sends a log to an external syslog server. Click Active to enable syslog logging. Enter the server name or IP address of the syslog server that will log the selected categories of logs. Select a location from the drop down list box. The log facility allows you to log the messages to different files in the syslog server. Refer to the syslog server manual for more information. Active Log and Alert Log Send Immediate Alert Apply Reset Select the categories of logs that you want to record. Select log categories for which you want the NBG460N to send E-mail alerts immediately. Click Apply to save your changes. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. 236 NBG460N Users Guide 21.3 Log Descriptions Chapter 21 Logs This section provides descriptions of example log messages. Table 88 System Maintenance Logs LOG MESSAGE Time calibration is successful Time calibration failed WAN interface gets IP:%s DESCRIPTION The router has adjusted its time based on information from the time server. The router failed to get information from the time server. A WAN interface got a new IP address from the DHCP, PPPoE, PPTP or dial-up server. A DHCP client's IP address has expired. The DHCP server assigned an IP address to a client. Someone has logged on to the router's web configurator interface. Someone has failed to log on to the router's web configurator interface. Someone has logged on to the router via telnet. Someone has failed to log on to the router via telnet. Someone has logged on to the router via ftp. Someone has failed to log on to the router via ftp. The maximum number of NAT session table entries has been exceeded and the table is full. Starting Connectivity Monitor. The router got the time and date from the Daytime server. The router got the time and date from the time server. The router got the time and date from the NTP server. The router was not able to connect to the Daytime server. The router was not able to connect to the Time server. The router was not able to connect to the NTP server. The router dropped an ICMP packet that was too large. The router is saving configuration changes. Someone has logged on to the routers SSH server. Someone has failed to log on to the routers SSH server. Someone has logged on to the router's web configurator interface using HTTPS protocol. Someone has failed to log on to the router's web configurator interface using HTTPS protocol. DHCP client IP expired DHCP server assigns%s Successful WEB login WEB login failed Successful TELNET login TELNET login failed Successful FTP login FTP login failed NAT Session Table is Full!
Starting Connectivity Monitor Time initialized by Daytime Server Time initialized by Time server Time initialized by NTP server Connect to Daytime server fail Connect to Time server fail Connect to NTP server fail Too large ICMP packet has been dropped Configuration Change: PC =
0x%x, Task ID = 0x%x Successful SSH login SSH login failed Successful HTTPS login HTTPS login failed NBG460N Users Guide 237 Chapter 21 Logs Table 89 System Error Logs LOG MESSAGE
%s exceeds the max. number of session per host!
setNetBIOSFilter: calloc error readNetBIOSFilter: calloc error WAN connection is down. DESCRIPTION This attempt to create a NAT session exceeds the maximum number of NAT session table entries allowed to be created per host. The router failed to allocate memory for the NetBIOS filter settings. The router failed to allocate memory for the NetBIOS filter settings. A WAN connection is down. You cannot access the network through this interface. Table 90 Access Control Logs LOG MESSAGE Firewall default policy: [TCP |
UDP | IGMP | ESP | GRE | OSPF]
<Packet Direction>
Firewall rule [NOT] match:[TCP |
UDP | IGMP | ESP | GRE | OSPF]
<Packet Direction>, <rule:%d>
Triangle route packet forwarded:
[TCP | UDP | IGMP | ESP | GRE |
OSPF]
Packet without a NAT table entry blocked: [TCP | UDP | IGMP | ESP
| GRE | OSPF]
Router sent blocked web site message: TCP DESCRIPTION Attempted TCP/UDP/IGMP/ESP/GRE/OSPF access matched the default policy and was blocked or forwarded according to the default policys setting. Attempted TCP/UDP/IGMP/ESP/GRE/OSPF access matched (or did not match) a configured firewall rule
(denoted by its number) and was blocked or forwarded according to the rule. The firewall allowed a triangle route session to pass through. The router blocked a packet that didn't have a corresponding NAT table entry. The router sent a message to notify a user that the router blocked access to a web site that the user requested. Table 91 TCP Reset Logs LOG MESSAGE Under SYN flood attack, sent TCP RST Exceed TCP MAX incomplete, sent TCP RST Peer TCP state out of order, sent TCP RST DESCRIPTION The router sent a TCP reset packet when a host was under a SYN flood attack (the TCP incomplete count is per destination host.) The router sent a TCP reset packet when the number of TCP incomplete connections exceeded the user configured threshold.
(the TCP incomplete count is per destination host.) Note: Refer to TCP Maximum Incomplete in the Firewall Attack Alerts screen. The router sent a TCP reset packet when a TCP connection state was out of order.Note: The firewall refers to RFC793 Figure 6 to check the TCP state. 238 NBG460N Users Guide Table 91 TCP Reset Logs (continued) LOG MESSAGE Firewall session time out, sent TCP RST Exceed MAX incomplete, sent TCP RST Access block, sent TCP RST Chapter 21 Logs DESCRIPTION The router sent a TCP reset packet when a dynamic firewall session timed out. The default timeout values are as follows:
ICMP idle timeout: 3 minutes UDP idle timeout: 3 minutes TCP connection (three way handshaking) timeout: 270 seconds TCP FIN-wait timeout: 2 MSL (Maximum Segment Lifetime set in the TCP header). TCP idle (established) timeout (s): 150 minutes TCP reset timeout: 10 seconds The router sent a TCP reset packet when the number of incomplete connections (TCP and UDP) exceeded the user-
configured threshold. (Incomplete count is for all TCP and UDP connections through the firewall.)Note: When the number of incomplete connections (TCP + UDP) > Maximum Incomplete High, the router sends TCP RST packets for TCP connections and destroys TOS (firewall dynamic sessions) until incomplete connections < Maximum Incomplete Low. The router sends a TCP RST packet and generates this log if you turn on the firewall TCP reset mechanism (via CI command: "sys firewall tcprst"). Table 92 Packet Filter Logs LOG MESSAGE
[TCP | UDP | ICMP | IGMP |
Generic] packet filter matched (set:%d, rule:%d) DESCRIPTION Attempted access matched a configured filter rule (denoted by its set and rule number) and was blocked or forwarded according to the rule. Table 93 ICMP Logs LOG MESSAGE Firewall default policy: ICMP
<Packet Direction>, <type:%d>,
<code:%d>
Firewall rule [NOT] match: ICMP
<Packet Direction>, <rule:%d>,
<type:%d>, <code:%d>
Triangle route packet forwarded:
ICMP Packet without a NAT table entry blocked: ICMP Unsupported/out-of-order ICMP:
ICMP Router reply ICMP packet: ICMP DESCRIPTION ICMP access matched the default policy and was blocked or forwarded according to the user's setting. For type and code details, see Table 104 on page 247. ICMP access matched (or didnt match) a firewall rule
(denoted by its number) and was blocked or forwarded according to the rule. For type and code details, see Table 104 on page 247. The firewall allowed a triangle route session to pass through. The router blocked a packet that didnt have a corresponding NAT table entry. The firewall does not support this kind of ICMP packets or the ICMP packets are out of order. The router sent an ICMP reply packet to the sender. NBG460N Users Guide 239 Chapter 21 Logs Table 94 CDR Logs LOG MESSAGE board%d line%d channel%d, call%d,%s C01 Outgoing Call dev=%x ch=%x%s board%d line%d channel%d, call%d,%s C02 OutCall Connected%d%s board%d line%d channel%d, call%d,%s C02 Call Terminated DESCRIPTION The router received the setup requirements for a call. call is the reference (count) number of the call. dev is the device type (3 is for dial-up, 6 is for PPPoE, 10 is for PPTP).
"channel" or ch is the call channel ID.For example,"board 0 line 0 channel 0, call 3, C01 Outgoing Call dev=6 ch=0
"Means the router has dialed to the PPPoE server 3 times. The PPPoE, PPTP or dial-up call is connected. The PPPoE, PPTP or dial-up call was disconnected. Table 95 PPP Logs LOG MESSAGE ppp:LCP Starting ppp:LCP Opening ppp:CHAP Opening ppp:IPCP Starting ppp:IPCP Opening ppp:LCP Closing ppp:IPCP Closing DESCRIPTION The PPP connections Link Control Protocol stage has started. The PPP connections Link Control Protocol stage is opening. The PPP connections Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol stage is opening. The PPP connections Internet Protocol Control Protocol stage is starting. The PPP connections Internet Protocol Control Protocol stage is opening. The PPP connections Link Control Protocol stage is closing. The PPP connections Internet Protocol Control Protocol stage is closing. Table 96 UPnP Logs LOG MESSAGE UPnP pass through Firewall DESCRIPTION UPnP packets can pass through the firewall. Table 97 Content Filtering Logs LOG MESSAGE
%s: Keyword blocking DESCRIPTION The content of a requested web page matched a user defined keyword. The web site is not in a trusted domain, and the router blocks all traffic except trusted domain sites.
%s: Not in trusted web list
%s: Forbidden Web site The web site is in the forbidden web site list.
%s: Contains ActiveX
%s: Contains Java applet
%s: Contains cookie The web site contains ActiveX. The web site contains a Java applet. The web site contains a cookie. 240 NBG460N Users Guide Chapter 21 Logs Table 97 Content Filtering Logs (continued) LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION
%s: Proxy mode The router detected proxy mode in the packet. detected
%s
%s:%s
%s(cache hit)
%s:%s(cache hit)
%s: Trusted Web site
%s Waiting content filter server timeout DNS resolving failed The content filter server responded that the web site is in the blocked category list, but it did not return the category type. The content filter server responded that the web site is in the blocked category list, and returned the category type. The system detected that the web site is in the blocked list from the local cache, but does not know the category type. The system detected that the web site is in blocked list from the local cache, and knows the category type. The web site is in a trusted domain. When the content filter is not on according to the time schedule or you didn't select the "Block Matched Web Site check box, the system forwards the web content. The external content filtering server did not respond within the timeout period. The NBG460N cannot get the IP address of the external content filtering via DNS query. Creating socket failed The NBG460N cannot issue a query because TCP/IP socket creation Connecting to content filter server fail License key is invalid The external content filtering license key is invalid. failed, port:port number. The connection to the external content filtering server failed. Table 98 Attack Logs LOG MESSAGE attack [TCP | UDP | IGMP
| ESP | GRE | OSPF]
attack ICMP (type:%d, code:%d) land [TCP | UDP | IGMP |
ESP | GRE | OSPF]
land ICMP (type:%d, code:%d) ip spoofing - WAN [TCP |
UDP | IGMP | ESP | GRE |
OSPF]
ip spoofing - WAN ICMP
(type:%d, code:%d) icmp echo: ICMP (type:%d, code:%d) syn flood TCP ports scan TCP teardrop TCP DESCRIPTION The firewall detected a TCP/UDP/IGMP/ESP/GRE/OSPF attack. The firewall detected an ICMP attack. For type and code details, see Table 104 on page 247. The firewall detected a TCP/UDP/IGMP/ESP/GRE/OSPF land attack. The firewall detected an ICMP land attack. For type and code details, see Table 104 on page 247. The firewall detected an IP spoofing attack on the WAN port. The firewall detected an ICMP IP spoofing attack on the WAN port. For type and code details, see Table 104 on page 247. The firewall detected an ICMP echo attack. For type and code details, see Table 104 on page 247. The firewall detected a TCP syn flood attack. The firewall detected a TCP port scan attack. The firewall detected a TCP teardrop attack. NBG460N Users Guide 241 Chapter 21 Logs Table 98 Attack Logs (continued) LOG MESSAGE teardrop UDP teardrop ICMP (type:%d, code:%d) illegal command TCP NetBIOS TCP ip spoofing - no routing entry [TCP | UDP | IGMP |
ESP | GRE | OSPF]
ip spoofing - no routing entry ICMP (type:%d, code:%d) vulnerability ICMP
(type:%d, code:%d) traceroute ICMP (type:%d, code:%d) DESCRIPTION The firewall detected an UDP teardrop attack. The firewall detected an ICMP teardrop attack. For type and code details, see Table 104 on page 247. The firewall detected a TCP illegal command attack. The firewall detected a TCP NetBIOS attack. The firewall classified a packet with no source routing entry as an IP spoofing attack. The firewall classified an ICMP packet with no source routing entry as an IP spoofing attack. The firewall detected an ICMP vulnerability attack. For type and code details, see Table 104 on page 247. The firewall detected an ICMP traceroute attack. For type and code details, see Table 104 on page 247. Table 99 IPSec Logs LOG MESSAGE Discard REPLAY packet Inbound packet authentication failed Receive IPSec packet, but no corresponding tunnel exists Rule <%d> idle time out, disconnect WAN IP changed to <IP>
DESCRIPTION The router received and discarded a packet with an incorrect sequence number. The router received a packet that has been altered. A third party may have altered or tampered with the packet. The router dropped an inbound packet for which SPI could not find a corresponding phase 2 SA. The router dropped a connection that had outbound traffic and no inbound traffic for a certain time period. You can use the "ipsec timer chk_conn" CI command to set the time period. The default value is 2 minutes. The router dropped all connections with the MyIP configured as 0.0.0.0 when the WAN IP address changed. Table 100 IKE Logs LOG MESSAGE Active connection allowed exceeded Start Phase 2: Quick Mode Verifying Remote ID failed:
DESCRIPTION The IKE process for a new connection failed because the limit of simultaneous phase 2 SAs has been reached. Phase 2 Quick Mode has started. The connection failed during IKE phase 2 because the router and the peers Local/Remote Addresses dont match. 242 NBG460N Users Guide Chapter 21 Logs Table 100 IKE Logs (continued) LOG MESSAGE Verifying Local ID failed:
IKE Packet Retransmit Failed to send IKE Packet DESCRIPTION The connection failed during IKE phase 2 because the router and the peers Local/Remote Addresses dont match. The router retransmitted the last packet sent because there was no response from the peer. An Ethernet error stopped the router from sending IKE packets. Too many errors! Deleting SA An SA was deleted because there were too many errors. Phase 1 IKE SA process done Duplicate requests with the same cookie IKE Negotiation is in process The router has already started negotiating with the peer for The phase 1 IKE SA process has been completed. The router received multiple requests from the same peer while still processing the first IKE packet from the peer. No proposal chosen Local / remote IPs of incoming request conflict with rule <%d>
Cannot resolve Secure Gateway Addr for rule <%d>
Peer ID: <peer id> <My remote type> -<My local type>
vs. My Remote <My remote> -
<My remote>
vs. My Local <My local>-<My local>
Send <packet>
Recv <packet>
Recv <Main or Aggressive>
Mode request from <IP>
Send <Main or Aggressive>
Mode request to <IP>
Invalid IP <Peer local> /
<Peer local>
Remote IP <Remote IP> /
<Remote IP> conflicts Phase 1 ID type mismatch Phase 1 ID content mismatch the connection, but the IKE process has not finished yet. Phase 1 or phase 2 parameters dont match. Please check all protocols / settings. Ex. One device being configured for 3DES and the other being configured for DES causes the connection to fail. The security gateway is set to 0.0.0.0 and the router used the peers Local Address as the routers Remote Address. This information conflicted with static rule #d; thus the connection is not allowed. The router couldnt resolve the IP address from the domain name that was used for the secure gateway address. The displayed ID information did not match between the two ends of the connection. The displayed ID information did not match between the two ends of the connection. The displayed ID information did not match between the two ends of the connection. A packet was sent. IKE uses ISAKMP to transmit data. Each ISAKMP packet contains many different types of payloads. All of them show in the LOG. Refer to RFC2408 ISAKMP for a list of all ISAKMP payload types. The router received an IKE negotiation request from the peer address specified. The router started negotiation with the peer. The peers Local IP Address is invalid. The security gateway is set to 0.0.0.0 and the router used the peers Local Address as the routers Remote Address. This information conflicted with static rule #d; thus the connection is not allowed. This routers "Peer ID Type" is different from the peer IPSec router's "Local ID Type". This routers "Peer ID Content" is different from the peer IPSec router's "Local ID Content". NBG460N Users Guide 243 Chapter 21 Logs Table 100 IKE Logs (continued) LOG MESSAGE No known phase 1 ID type found ID type mismatch. Local /
Peer: <Local ID type/Peer ID type>
ID content mismatch Configured Peer ID Content:
<Configured Peer ID Content>
Incoming ID Content:
<Incoming Peer ID Content>
Unsupported local ID Type:
<%d>
Build Phase 1 ID Adjust TCP MSS to%d Rule <%d> input idle time out, disconnect XAUTH succeed! Username:
<Username>
XAUTH fail! Username:
<Username>
Rule[%d] Phase 1 negotiation mode mismatch Rule [%d] Phase 1 encryption algorithm mismatch Rule [%d] Phase 1 authentication algorithm mismatch Rule [%d] Phase 1 authentication method mismatch Rule [%d] Phase 1 key group mismatch Rule [%d] Phase 2 protocol mismatch Rule [%d] Phase 2 encryption algorithm mismatch Rule [%d] Phase 2 authentication algorithm mismatch Rule [%d] Phase 2 encapsulation mismatch Rule [%d]> Phase 2 pfs mismatch DESCRIPTION The router could not find a known phase 1 ID in the connection attempt. The phase 1 ID types do not match. The phase 1 ID contents do not match. The phase 1 ID contents do not match and the configured
"Peer ID Content" is displayed. The phase 1 ID contents do not match and the incoming packet's ID content is displayed. The phase 1 ID type is not supported by the router. The router has started to build the phase 1 ID. The router automatically changed the TCP Maximum Segment Size value after establishing a tunnel. The tunnel for the listed rule was dropped because there was no inbound traffic within the idle timeout period. The router used extended authentication to authenticate the listed username. The router was not able to use extended authentication to authenticate the listed username. The listed rules IKE phase 1 negotiation mode did not match between the router and the peer. The listed rules IKE phase 1 encryption algorithm did not match between the router and the peer. The listed rules IKE phase 1 authentication algorithm did not match between the router and the peer. The listed rules IKE phase 1 authentication method did not match between the router and the peer. The listed rules IKE phase 1 key group did not match between the router and the peer. The listed rules IKE phase 2 protocol did not match between the router and the peer. The listed rules IKE phase 2 encryption algorithm did not match between the router and the peer. The listed rules IKE phase 2 authentication algorithm did not match between the router and the peer. The listed rules IKE phase 2 encapsulation did not match between the router and the peer. The listed rules IKE phase 2 perfect forward secret (pfs) setting did not match between the router and the peer. 244 NBG460N Users Guide Table 100 IKE Logs (continued) Chapter 21 Logs LOG MESSAGE Rule [%d] Phase 1 ID mismatch The listed rules IKE phase 1 ID did not match between the DESCRIPTION router and the peer. The listed rules IKE phase 1 hash did not match between the router and the peer. The listed rules IKE phase 1 pre-shared key did not match between the router and the peer. The listed rules IPSec tunnel has been built successfully. Rule [%d] Phase 1 hash mismatch Rule [%d] Phase 1 preshared key mismatch Rule [%d] Tunnel built successfully Rule [%d] Peer's public key not found Rule [%d] Verify peer's signature failed Rule [%d] Sending IKE request IKE sent an IKE request for the listed rule. Rule [%d] Receiving IKE request Swap rule to rule [%d]
Rule [%d] Phase 1 key length mismatch IKE received an IKE request for the listed rule. The listed rules IKE phase 1verification of the peers signature failed. The listed rules IKE phase 1 peers public key was not found. The router changed to using the listed rule. The listed rules IKE phase 1 key length (with the AES encryption algorithm) did not match between the router and the peer. The listed rules IKE phase 1 did not match between the router and the peer. The listed rules IKE phase 2 did not match between the router and the peer. The listed rules IKE phase 2 key lengths (with the AES encryption algorithm) did not match between the router and the peer. Rule [%d] phase 1 mismatch Rule [%d] phase 2 mismatch Rule [%d] Phase 2 key length mismatch Table 101 PKI Logs LOG MESSAGE Enrollment successful Enrollment failed Failed to resolve
<SCEP CA server url>
Enrollment successful Enrollment failed Failed to resolve <CMP CA server url>
Rcvd ca cert: <subject name>
DESCRIPTION The SCEP online certificate enrollment was successful. The Destination field records the certification authority server IP address and port. The SCEP online certificate enrollment failed. The Destination field records the certification authority servers IP address and port. The SCEP online certificate enrollment failed because the certification authority servers address cannot be resolved. The CMP online certificate enrollment was successful. The Destination field records the certification authority servers IP address and port. The CMP online certificate enrollment failed. The Destination field records the certification authority servers IP address and port. The CMP online certificate enrollment failed because the certification authority servers IP address cannot be resolved. The router received a certification authority certificate, with subject name as recorded, from the LDAP server whose IP address and port are recorded in the Source field. NBG460N Users Guide 245 Chapter 21 Logs Table 101 PKI Logs (continued) LOG MESSAGE Rcvd user cert:
<subject name>
Rcvd CRL <size>:
<issuer name>
Rcvd ARL <size>:
<issuer name>
Failed to decode the received ca cert Failed to decode the received user cert Failed to decode the received CRL Failed to decode the received ARL Rcvd data <size> too large! Max size allowed: <max size>
Cert trusted: <subject name>
Due to <reason codes>, cert not trusted:
<subject name>
DESCRIPTION The router received a user certificate, with subject name as recorded, from the LDAP server whose IP address and port are recorded in the Source field. The router received a CRL (Certificate Revocation List), with size and issuer name as recorded, from the LDAP server whose IP address and port are recorded in the Source field. The router received an ARL (Authority Revocation List), with size and issuer name as recorded, from the LDAP server whose address and port are recorded in the Source field. The router received a corrupted certification authority certificate from the LDAP server whose address and port are recorded in the Source field. The router received a corrupted user certificate from the LDAP server whose address and port are recorded in the Source field. The router received a corrupted CRL (Certificate Revocation List) from the LDAP server whose address and port are recorded in the Source field. The router received a corrupted ARL (Authority Revocation List) from the LDAP server whose address and port are recorded in the Source field. The router received directory data that was too large (the size is listed) from the LDAP server whose address and port are recorded in the Source field. The maximum size of directory data that the router allows is also recorded. The router has verified the path of the certificate with the listed subject name. Due to the reasons listed, the certificate with the listed subject name has not passed the path verification. The recorded reason codes are only approximate reasons for not trusting the certificate. Please see Table 104 on page 247 for the corresponding descriptions of the codes. Table 102 802.1X Logs LOG MESSAGE Local User Database accepts user. Local User Database reports user credential error. Local User Database does not find user`s credential. RADIUS accepts user. RADIUS rejects user. Pls check RADIUS Server. Local User Database does not support authentication method. User logout because of session timeout expired. DESCRIPTION A user was authenticated by the local user database. A user was not authenticated by the local user database because of an incorrect user password. A user was not authenticated by the local user database because the user is not listed in the local user database. A user was authenticated by the RADIUS Server. A user was not authenticated by the RADIUS Server. Please check the RADIUS Server. The local user database only supports the EAP-MD5 method. A user tried to use another authentication method and was not authenticated. The router logged out a user whose session expired. 246 NBG460N Users Guide Chapter 21 Logs DESCRIPTION The router logged out a user who ended the session. The router logged out a user from which there was no authentication response. The router logged out a user whose idle timeout period expired. A user logged out. Table 102 802.1X Logs (continued) LOG MESSAGE User logout because of user deassociation. User logout because of no authentication response from user. User logout because of idle timeout expired. User logout because of user request. Local User Database does not support authentication method. No Server to authenticate user. Local User Database does not find user`s credential. Table 103 ACL Setting Notes PACKET DIRECTION DIRECTION LAN to WAN
(L to W)
(W to L) WAN to LAN LAN to LAN/
(L to L/P) NBG460N WAN to WAN/
NBG460N
(W to W/P) No response from RADIUS. Pls check RADIUS Server. Use Local User Database to authenticate user. Use RADIUS to authenticate user. The RADIUS server is operating as the authentication A user tried to use an authentication method that the local user database does not support (it only supports EAP-MD5). There is no response message from the RADIUS server, please check the RADIUS server. The local user database is operating as the authentication server. server. There is no authentication server to authenticate a user. A user was not authenticated by the local user database because the user is not listed in the local user database. DESCRIPTION ACL set for packets traveling from the LAN to the WAN. ACL set for packets traveling from the WAN to the LAN. ACL set for packets traveling from the LAN to the LAN or the NBG460N. ACL set for packets traveling from the WAN to the WAN or the NBG460N. Table 104 ICMP Notes TYPE 0 CODE 3 0 0 1 2 3 4 DESCRIPTION Echo Reply Echo reply message Destination Unreachable Net unreachable Host unreachable Protocol unreachable Port unreachable A packet that needed fragmentation was dropped because it was set to Don't Fragment (DF) NBG460N Users Guide 247 Chapter 21 Logs 8 5 0 4 0 1 2 3 CODE 5 Table 104 ICMP Notes (continued) TYPE DESCRIPTION Source route failed Source Quench A gateway may discard internet datagrams if it does not have the buffer space needed to queue the datagrams for output to the next network on the route to the destination network. Redirect Redirect datagrams for the Network Redirect datagrams for the Host Redirect datagrams for the Type of Service and Network Redirect datagrams for the Type of Service and Host Echo Echo message Time Exceeded Time to live exceeded in transit Fragment reassembly time exceeded Parameter Problem Pointer indicates the error Timestamp Timestamp request message Timestamp Reply Timestamp reply message Information Request Information request message Information Reply Information reply message 0 1 12 13 14 15 16 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 Table 105 Syslog Logs LOG MESSAGE
<Facility*8 + Severity>Mon dd hr:mm:ss hostname src="<srcIP:srcPort>"
dst="<dstIP:dstPort>"
msg="<msg>" note="<note>"
devID="<mac address last three numbers>" cat="<category>
DESCRIPTION
"This message is sent by the system ("RAS" displays as the system name if you havent configured one) when the router generates a syslog. The facility is defined in the web MAIN MENU->LOGS->Log Settings page. The severity is the logs syslog class. The definition of messages and notes are defined in the various log charts throughout this appendix. The devID is the last three characters of the MAC address of the routers LAN port. The cat is the same as the category in the routers logs. 248 NBG460N Users Guide Chapter 21 Logs The following table shows RFC-2408 ISAKMP payload types that the log displays. Please refer to the RFC for detailed information on each type. Table 106 RFC-2408 ISAKMP Payload Types LOG DISPLAY SA PROP TRANS KE ID CER CER_REQ HASH SIG NONCE NOTFY DEL VID PAYLOAD TYPE Security Association Proposal Transform Key Exchange Identification Certificate Certificate Request Hash Signature Nonce Notification Delete Vendor ID NBG460N Users Guide 249 Chapter 21 Logs 250 NBG460N Users Guide CHAPTER 22 Tools This chapter shows you how to upload a new firmware, upload or save backup configuration files and restart the NBG460N. 22.1 Firmware Upload Screen Find firmware at www.zyxel.com in a file that (usually) uses the system model name with a
*.bin extension, e.g., NBG460N.bin. The upload process uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and may take up to two minutes. After a successful upload, the system will reboot. Click Maintenance > Tools. Follow the instructions in this screen to upload firmware to your NBG460N. Figure 149 Maintenance > Tools > Firmware The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 107 Maintenance > Tools > Firmware LABEL File Path DESCRIPTION Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Browse... to find it. Click Browse... to find the .bin file you want to upload. Remember that you must decompress compressed (.zip) files before you can upload them. Click Upload to begin the upload process. This process may take up to two minutes. Browse... Upload
Do not turn off the NBG460N while firmware upload is in progress!
After you see the Firmware Upload In Process screen, wait two minutes before logging into the NBG460N again. NBG460N Users Guide 251 Chapter 22 Tools Figure 150 Upload Warning The NBG460N automatically restarts in this time causing a temporary network disconnect. In some operating systems, you may see the following icon on your desktop. Figure 151 Network Temporarily Disconnected After two minutes, log in again and check your new firmware version in the Status screen. If the upload was not successful, the following screen will appear. Click Return to go back to the Firmware screen. Figure 152 Upload Error Message 22.2 Configuration Screen Click Maintenance > Tools > Configuration. Information related to factory defaults, backup configuration, and restoring configuration appears as shown next. 252 NBG460N Users Guide Figure 153 Maintenance > Tools > Configuration Chapter 22 Tools 22.2.1 Backup Configuration Backup configuration allows you to back up (save) the NBG460Ns current configuration to a file on your computer. Once your NBG460N is configured and functioning properly, it is highly recommended that you back up your configuration file before making configuration changes. The backup configuration file will be useful in case you need to return to your previous settings. Click Backup to save the NBG460Ns current configuration to your computer. 22.2.2 Restore Configuration Restore configuration allows you to upload a new or previously saved configuration file from your computer to your NBG460N. Table 108 Maintenance Restore Configuration LABEL File Path DESCRIPTION Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Browse... to find it. Click Browse... to find the file you want to upload. Remember that you must decompress compressed (.ZIP) files before you can upload them. Click Upload to begin the upload process. Browse... Upload
Do not turn off the NBG460N while configuration file upload is in progress After you see a configuration upload successful screen, you must then wait one minute before logging into the NBG460N again. NBG460N Users Guide 253 Chapter 22 Tools Figure 154 Configuration Restore Successful The NBG460N automatically restarts in this time causing a temporary network disconnect. In some operating systems, you may see the following icon on your desktop. Figure 155 Temporarily Disconnected If you uploaded the default configuration file you may need to change the IP address of your computer to be in the same subnet as that of the default NBG460N IP address (192.168.1.1). See Appendix D on page 293 for details on how to set up your computers IP address. If the upload was not successful, the following screen will appear. Click Return to go back to the Configuration screen. Figure 156 Configuration Restore Error 22.2.3 Back to Factory Defaults Pressing the Reset button in this section clears all user-entered configuration information and returns the NBG460N to its factory defaults. You can also press the RESET button on the rear panel to reset the factory defaults of your NBG460N. Refer to the chapter about introducing the web configurator for more information on the RESET button. 22.3 Restart Screen System restart allows you to reboot the NBG460N without turning the power off. 254 NBG460N Users Guide Click Maintenance > Tools > Restart. Click Restart to have the NBG460N reboot. This does not affect the NBG460N's configuration. Figure 157 Maintenance > Tools > Restart Chapter 22 Tools 22.4 Wake On LAN Wake On LAN (WoL) allows you to remotely turn on a device on the network. To use this feature the remote hardware (for example the network adapter on your computer) must support Wake On LAN using the Magic Packet method. You need to know the MAC address of the remote device. It may be on a label on the device or in its documentation. Click Maintenance > Tools > Wake On LAN to use this feature.
The NBG460N can only wake up remote devices that exist in its ARP table. For the remote device to exist in the NBG460Ns ARP table it should have had a prior connection with the NBG460N. Figure 158 Maintenance > Tools > Wake On LAN The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 109 Maintenance > Tools > Wake On LAN LABEL Targets MAC Address Wake up DESCRIPTION Enter the MAC Address of the device on the network that will be turned on. A MAC address consists of six hexadecimal character pairs. Click this to turn the specified device on. The status bar will refresh and indicate either Ready or MAC Address error. If it displays Ready you should check if the remote device has turned on. If the status bar displays MAC Address error it means you may have input the MAC Address incorrectly. Make sure you are entering it in the correct format. NBG460N Users Guide 255 Chapter 22 Tools 256 NBG460N Users Guide CHAPTER 23 Configuration Mode Click Maintenance > Config Mode to open the following screen. This screen allows you to hide or display the advanced screens of some features or the advanced features, such as MAC filter or static route. Basic is selected by default and you cannot see the advanced screens or features. If you want to view and configure all screens including the advanced ones, select Advanced and click Apply. Figure 159 Maintenance > Config Mode > General The following table describes the labels in the screen. Table 110 Maintenance > Config Mode > General DESCRIPTION LABEL Configuration Mode Basic Select Basic mode to enable or disable features and to monitor the status of your device. Select Advanced mode to set advanced settings. Click on this to set the mode. Click on this to reset your selection. Advanced Apply Reset The following table includes the screens that you can view and configure only when you select Advanced. NBG460N Users Guide 257 Chapter 23 Configuration Mode Table 111 Advanced Configuration Options CATEGORY Network LINK Wireless LAN Security Management WAN LAN DHCP Server NAT Firewall Content Filter Static Route Bandwidth MGMT Remote MGMT Maintenance Logs TAB MAC Filter Advanced QoS Scheduling Advanced IP Alias Advanced Advanced Advanced Services Schedule IP Static Route Advanced Monitor Telnet FTP DNS Log Settings
In AP Mode many screens will not be available. See Chapter 5 on page 65 for more information. 258 NBG460N Users Guide CHAPTER 24 Sys Op Mode 24.1 Overview The Sys Op Mode (System Operation Mode) function lets you configure whether your NBG460N is a router or AP. You can choose between Router Mode and AP Mode depending on your network topology and the features you require from your device. See Section 1.1 on page 31 for more information on which mode to choose. 24.1.1 Router A router connects your local network with another network, such as the Internet. The router has two IP addresses, the LAN IP address and the WAN IP address. Figure 160 LAN and WAN IP Addresses in Router Mode LAN WAN Internet LAN IP WAN IP 24.1.2 AP An AP extends one network and so has just one IP address. All Ethernet ports on the AP have the same IP address. To connect to the Internet, another device, such as a router, is required. NBG460N Users Guide 259 Chapter 24 Sys Op Mode Figure 161 IP Address in AP Mode LAN 1 IP Internet 24.2 Selecting System Operation Mode Use this screen to select how you connect to the Internet. Figure 162 Maintenance > Sys OP Mode > General If you select Router Mode, the following pop-up message window appears. Figure 163 Maintenance > Sys Op Mode > General: Router In this mode there are both LAN and WAN ports. The LAN Ethernet and WAN Ethernet ports have different IP addresses. The DHCP server on your device is enabled and allocates IP addresses to other devices on your local network. The LAN IP address of the device on the local network is set to 192.168.1.1. You can configure the IP address settings on your WAN port. Contact your ISP or system administrator for more information on appropriate settings. If you select Access Point the following pop-up message window appears. 260 NBG460N Users Guide Figure 164 Maintenance > Sys Op Mode > General: AP Chapter 24 Sys Op Mode In AP Mode all Ethernet ports have the same IP address. All ports on the rear panel of the device are LAN ports, including the port labeled WAN. There is no WAN port. The DHCP server on your device is disabled. In AP mode there must be a device with a DHCP server on your network such as a router or gateway which can allocate IP addresses. The IP address of the device on the local network is set to 192.168.1.1. The following table describes the labels in the General screen. Table 112 Maintenance > Sys OP Mode > General DESCRIPTION LABEL System Operation Mode Router Select Router if your device routes traffic between a local network and another network such as the Internet. This mode offers services such as a firewall or bandwidth management. Select Access Point if your device bridges traffic between clients on the same network. Click Apply to save your settings. Click Reset to return your settings to the default (Router) Access Point Apply Reset
If you select the incorrect System Operation Mode you cannot connect to the Internet. NBG460N Users Guide 261 Chapter 24 Sys Op Mode 262 NBG460N Users Guide CHAPTER 25 Language Use this screen to change the language for the web configurator display. 25.1 Language Screen Click the language you prefer. The web configurator language changes after a while without restarting the NBG460N. Figure 165 Language NBG460N Users Guide 263 Chapter 25 Language 264 NBG460N Users Guide CHAPTER 26 Troubleshooting This chapter offers some suggestions to solve problems you might encounter. The potential problems are divided into the following categories. Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs NBG460N Access and Login Internet Access Resetting the NBG460N to Its Factory Defaults Wireless Router/AP Troubleshooting Advanced Features 26.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs
The NBG460N does not turn on. None of the LEDs turn on. 1 Make sure you are using the power adaptor or cord included with the NBG460N. 2 Make sure the power adaptor or cord is connected to the NBG460N and plugged in to an appropriate power source. Make sure the power source is turned on. 3 Disconnect and re-connect the power adaptor or cord to the NBG460N. 4 If the problem continues, contact the vendor.
One of the LEDs does not behave as expected. 1 Make sure you understand the normal behavior of the LED. See Section 1.7 on page 33. 2 Check the hardware connections. See the Quick Start Guide. 3 Inspect your cables for damage. Contact the vendor to replace any damaged cables. 4 Disconnect and re-connect the power adaptor to the NBG460N. 5 If the problem continues, contact the vendor. NBG460N Users Guide 265 Chapter 26 Troubleshooting 26.2 NBG460N Access and Login
I dont know the IP address of my NBG460N. 1 The default IP address is 192.168.1.1. 2 If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, you might get the IP address of the NBG460N by looking up the IP address of the default gateway for your computer. To do this in most Windows computers, click Start > Run, enter cmd, and then enter ipconfig. The IP address of the Default Gateway might be the IP address of the NBG460N (it depends on the network), so enter this IP address in your Internet browser.Set your device to Router Mode, login (see the Quick Start Guide for instructions) and go to the Device Information table in the Status screen. Your NBG460Ns IP address is available in the Device Information table. If the DHCP setting under LAN information is None, your device has a fixed IP address. If the DHCP setting under LAN information is Client, then your device receives an IP address from a DHCP server on the network. 3 If your NBG460N is a DHCP client, you can find your IP address from the DHCP server. This information is only available from the DHCP server which allocates IP addresses on your network. Find this information directly from the DHCP server or contact your system administrator for more information. 4 Reset your NBG460N to change all settings back to their default. This means your current settings are lost. See Section 26.4 on page 269 in the Troubleshooting for information on resetting your NBG460N.
I forgot the password. 1 The default password is 1234. 2 If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See Section 26.4 on page 269.
I cannot see or access the Login screen in the web configurator. 1 Make sure you are using the correct IP address. The default IP address is 192.168.1.1. If you changed the IP address (Section 7.3 on page 102), use the new IP address. If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, see the troubleshooting suggestions for I dont know the IP address of my NBG460N. 266 NBG460N Users Guide Chapter 26 Troubleshooting 2 Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick Start Guide. 3 Make sure your Internet browser does not block pop-up windows and has JavaScripts and Java enabled. See Appendix B on page 279. 4 Make sure your computer is in the same subnet as the NBG460N. (If you know that there are routers between your computer and the NBG460N, skip this step.) If there is a DHCP server on your network, make sure your computer is using a dynamic IP address. See Section 7.3 on page 102. If there is no DHCP server on your network, make sure your computers IP address is in the same subnet as the NBG460N. See Section 7.3 on page 102. 5 Reset the device to its factory defaults, and try to access the NBG460N with the default IP address. See Section 7.3 on page 102. 6 If the problem continues, contact the network administrator or vendor, or try one of the advanced suggestions. Advanced Suggestions Try to access the NBG460N using another service, such as Telnet. If you can access the NBG460N, check the remote management settings and firewall rules to find out why the NBG460N does not respond to HTTP. If your computer is connected to the WAN port or is connected wirelessly, use a computer that is connected to a LAN/ETHERNET port.
I can see the Login screen, but I cannot log in to the NBG460N. 1 Make sure you have entered the password correctly. The default password is 1234. This field is case-sensitive, so make sure [Caps Lock] is not on. 2 You cannot log in to the web configurator while someone is using Telnet to access the NBG460N. Log out of the NBG460N in the other session, or ask the person who is logged in to log out. 3 Disconnect and re-connect the power adaptor or cord to the NBG460N. 4 If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See Section 26.4 on page 269.
I cannot Telnet to the NBG460N. See the troubleshooting suggestions for I cannot see or access the Login screen in the web configurator. Ignore the suggestions about your browser.
I cannot use FTP to upload / download the configuration file. / I cannot use FTP to upload new firmware. NBG460N Users Guide 267 Chapter 26 Troubleshooting See the troubleshooting suggestions for I cannot see or access the Login screen in the web configurator. Ignore the suggestions about your browser. 26.3 Internet Access
I cannot access the Internet. 1 Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick Start Guide. 2 Make sure you entered your ISP account information correctly in the wizard. These fields are case-sensitive, so make sure [Caps Lock] is not on. 3 If you are trying to access the Internet wirelessly, make sure the wireless settings in the wireless client are the same as the settings in the AP. 4 Disconnect all the cables from your device, and follow the directions in the Quick Start Guide again. 5 Go to Maintenance > Sys OP Mode > General. Check your System Operation Mode setting. Select Router if your device routes traffic between a local network and another network such as the Internet. Select Access Point if your device bridges traffic between clients on the same network. 6 If the problem continues, contact your ISP.
I cannot access the Internet anymore. I had access to the Internet (with the NBG460N), but my Internet connection is not available anymore. 1 Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick Start Guide and Section 1.7 on page 33. 2 Reboot the NBG460N. 3 If the problem continues, contact your ISP.
The Internet connection is slow or intermittent. 1 There might be a lot of traffic on the network. Look at the LEDs, and check Section 1.7 on page 33. If the NBG460N is sending or receiving a lot of information, try closing some programs that use the Internet, especially peer-to-peer applications. 2 Check the signal strength. If the signal strength is low, try moving the NBG460N closer to the AP if possible, and look around to see if there are any devices that might be 268 NBG460N Users Guide Chapter 26 Troubleshooting interfering with the wireless network (for example, microwaves, other wireless networks, and so on). 3 Reboot the NBG460N. 4 If the problem continues, contact the network administrator or vendor, or try one of the advanced suggestions. Advanced Suggestions Check the settings for bandwidth management. If it is disabled, you might consider activating it. If it is enabled, you might consider changing the allocations. Check the settings for QoS. If it is disabled, you might consider activating it. If it is enabled, you might consider raising or lowering the priority for some applications. 26.4 Resetting the NBG460N to Its Factory Defaults If you reset the NBG460N, you lose all of the changes you have made. The NBG460N re-
loads its default settings, and the password resets to 1234. You have to make all of your changes again.
You will lose all of your changes when you push the RESET button. To reset the NBG460N, 1 Make sure the power LED is on and not blinking. 2 Press and hold the RESET button for five to ten seconds. Release the RESET button when the power LED begins to blink. The default settings have been restored. If the NBG460N restarts automatically, wait for the NBG460N to finish restarting, and log in to the web configurator. The password is 1234. If the NBG460N does not restart automatically, disconnect and reconnect the NBG460Ns power. Then, follow the directions above again. 26.5 Wireless Router/AP Troubleshooting
I cannot access the NBG460N or ping any computer from the WLAN (wireless AP or router). 1 Make sure the wireless LAN is enabled on the NBG460N 2 Make sure the wireless adapter on the wireless station is working properly. 3 Make sure the wireless adapter installed on your computer is IEEE 802.11 compatible and supports the same wireless standard as the NBG460N. NBG460N Users Guide 269 Chapter 26 Troubleshooting 4 Make sure your computer (with a wireless adapter installed) is within the transmission 5 Check that both the NBG460N and your wireless station are using the same wireless and 6 Make sure traffic between the WLAN and the LAN is not blocked by the firewall on the range of the NBG460N. wireless security settings. NBG460N. 7 Make sure you allow the NBG460N to be remotely accessed through the WLAN interface. Check your remote management settings. See the chapter on Wireless LAN in the Users Guide for more information. 26.6 Advanced Features
I can log in, but I cannot see some of the screens or fields in the Web Configurator. You may be accessing the Web Configurator in Basic mode. Some screens and fields are available only in Advanced mode. Use the Maintenance > Config Mode screen to select Advanced mode. You may be accessing the Web Configurator in AP Mode. Some screens and fields are available only in Router Mode. Use the Maintenance > Sys OP Mode screen to select Router Mode.
I set up URL keyword blocking, but I can still access a website that should be blocked. Make sure that you select the Enable URL Keyword Blocking check box in the Content Filtering screen. Make sure that the keywords that you type are listed in the Keyword List. If a keyword that is listed in the Keyword List is not blocked when it is found in a URL, customize the keyword blocking using commands. See the Customizing Keyword Blocking URL Checking section in the Content Filter chapter. 270 NBG460N Users Guide
| 1 | Users manual part4 | Users Manual | 2.59 MiB | September 05 2008 |
PART VI Appendices and Index Product Specifications and Wall-Mounting Instructions (273) Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions (279) IP Addresses and Subnetting (285) Setting up Your Computers IP Address (293) Wireless LANs (309) Services (321) Legal Information (325) Customer Support (329) Index (335) 271 272 APPENDIX A Product Specifications and Wall-
Mounting Instructions The following tables summarize the NBG460Ns hardware and firmware features. Table 113 Hardware Features Dimensions (W x D x H) 190 x 150 x 33 mm Weight Power Specification 362g Input: 120~240 AC, 50~60 Hz Output: 18 V DC 1A Auto-negotiating: 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps or 1000Mbps in either half-duplex or full-duplex mode. Auto-crossover: Use either crossover or straight-through Ethernet cables. A combination of switch and router makes your NBG460N a cost-effective and viable network solution. You can add up to four computers to the NBG460N without the cost of a hub when connecting to the Internet through the WAN port. You can add up to five computers to the NBG460N when you connect to the Internet in AP mode. Add more than four computers to your LAN by using a hub. PWR, LAN1-4, WAN, WLAN, WPS The reset button is built into the rear panel. Use this button to restore the NBG460N to its factory default settings. Press for 1 second to restart the device. Press for 5 seconds to restore to factory default settings. Press the WPS on two WPS enabled devices within 120 seconds for a security-enabled wireless connection. The NBG460N is equipped with three 2dBi (2.4GHz) detachable antennas to provide clear radio transmission and reception on the wireless network. Temperature: 0 C ~ 40 C Humidity: 20% ~ 85% RH (Non-condensing) Temperature: -20 C ~ 60 C Humidity: 20% ~ 90% RH (Non-condensing) 137 mm M4 Tap Screw Ethernet ports 4-5 Gigabit Port Switch LEDs Reset Button WPS button Antenna Operation Environment Storage Environment Distance between the centers of the holes on the devices back. Screw size for wall-
mounting NBG460N Users Guide 273 Appendix A Product Specifications and Wall-Mounting Instructions Table 114 Firmware Features FEATURE Default IP Address Default Subnet Mask Default Password DHCP Pool Wireless Interface Default Wireless SSID DESCRIPTION 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 (24 bits) 1234 192.168.1.33 to 192.168.1.64 Wireless LAN Wireless LAN: ZyXEL Wireless LAN when WPS enabled: ZyXEL WPS Default Wireless IP Address Wireless LAN: Same as LAN (192.168.1.1) Default Wireless Subnet Mask Default Wireless DHCP Pool Size Device Management Wireless LAN: Same as LAN (255.255.255.0) Wireless LAN: Same as LAN (32 from 192.168.1.33 to 192.168.1.64) Wireless Functionality Firmware Upgrade Configuration Backup &
Restoration Network Address Translation (NAT) Firewall Content Filter Use the web configurator to easily configure the rich range of features on the NBG460N. Allows IEEE 802.11b and/or IEEE 802.11g and/or IEEE 802.11n wireless clients to connect to the NBG460N wirelessly. Enable wireless security
(WEP, WPA(2), WPA(2)-PSK) and/or MAC filtering to protect your wireless network. Note: The NBG460N may be prone to RF (Radio Frequency) interference from other 2.4 GHz devices such as microwave ovens, wireless phones, Bluetooth enabled devices, and other wireless LANs. Download new firmware (when available) from the ZyXEL web site and use the web configurator, an FTP or a TFTP tool to put it on the NBG460N. Note: Only upload firmware for your specific model!
Make a copy of the NBG460Ns configuration and put it back on the NBG460N later if you decide you want to revert back to an earlier configuration. Each computer on your network must have its own unique IP address. Use NAT to convert a single public IP address to multiple private IP addresses for the computers on your network. You can configure firewall on the NBG460N for secure Internet access. When the firewall is on, by default, all incoming traffic from the Internet to your network is blocked unless it is initiated from your network. This means that probes from the outside to your network are not allowed, but you can safely browse the Internet and download files for example. The NBG460N blocks or allows access to web sites that you specify and blocks access to web sites with URLs that contain keywords that you specify. You can define time periods and days during which content filtering is enabled. You can also include or exclude particular computers on your network from content filtering. You can also subscribe to category-based content filtering that allows your NBG460N to check web sites against an external database. 274 NBG460N Users Guide Table 114 Firmware Features FEATURE IPSec VPN Bandwidth Management Wireless LAN Scheduler Time and Date Port Forwarding DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) Dynamic DNS Support IP Multicast IP Alias Logging and Tracing PPPoE PPTP Encapsulation Universal Plug and Play
(UPnP) Appendix A Product Specifications and Wall-Mounting Instructions DESCRIPTION This allows you to establish a secure Virtual Private Network (VPN) tunnel to connect with business partners and branch offices using data encryption and the Internet without the expense of leased site-to-site lines. The NBG460N VPN is based on the IPSec standard and is fully interoperable with other IPSec-based VPN products. You can efficiently manage traffic on your network by reserving bandwidth and giving priority to certain types of traffic and/or to particular computers. You can schedule the times the Wireless LAN is enabled/disabled. Get the current time and date from an external server when you turn on your NBG460N. You can also set the time manually. These dates and times are then used in logs. If you have a server (mail or web server for example) on your network, then use this feature to let people access it from the Internet. Use this feature to have the NBG460N assign IP addresses, an IP default gateway and DNS servers to computers on your network. With Dynamic DNS (Domain Name System) support, you can use a fixed URL, www.zyxel.com for example, with a dynamic IP address. You must register for this service with a Dynamic DNS service provider. IP Multicast is used to send traffic to a specific group of computers. The NBG460N supports versions 1 and 2 of IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) used to join multicast groups (see RFC 2236). IP Alias allows you to subdivide a physical network into logical networks over the same Ethernet interface with the NBG460N itself as the gateway for each subnet. Use packet tracing and logs for troubleshooting. You can send logs from the NBG460N to an external syslog server. PPPoE mimics a dial-up Internet access connection. Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) enables secure transfer of data through a Virtual Private Network (VPN). The NBG460N supports one PPTP connection at a time. The NBG460N can communicate with other UPnP enabled devices in a network. Table 115 Feature Specifications FEATURE Number of Static Routes Number of Port Forwarding Rules Number of NAT Sessions Number of Address Mapping Rules Number of VPN Tunnels Number of Bandwidth Management Classes Number of DNS Name Server Record Entries SPECIFICATION 8 10 16000 10 2 3 3 NBG460N Users Guide 275 Appendix A Product Specifications and Wall-Mounting Instructions The following list, which is not exhaustive, illustrates the standards supported in the NBG460N. Table 116 Standards Supported STANDARD RFC 867 RFC 868 RFC 1058 RFC 1112 RFC 1305 RFC 1631 RFC 1723 RFC 2236 RFC 2516 RFC 2766 IEEE 802.11 DESCRIPTION Daytime Protocol Time Protocol. RIP-1 (Routing Information Protocol) IGMP v1 Network Time Protocol (NTP version 3) IP Network Address Translator (NAT) RIP-2 (Routing Information Protocol) Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 2. A Method for Transmitting PPP Over Ethernet (PPPoE) Network Address Translation - Protocol Also known by the brand Wi-Fi, denotes a set of Wireless LAN/WLAN standards developed by working group 11 of the IEEE LAN/MAN Standards Committee (IEEE 802). Uses the 2.4 gigahertz (GHz) band Uses the 2.4 gigahertz (GHz) band IEEE 802.11b IEEE 802.11g IEEE 802.11n IEEE 802.11d IEEE 802.11x IEEE 802.11e QoS Microsoft PPTP MBM v2 Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks: Media Access Control (MAC) Bridges Port Based Network Access Control. IEEE 802.11 e Wireless LAN for Quality of Service MS PPTP (Microsoft's implementation of Point to Point Tunneling Protocol) Media Bandwidth Management v2 Wall-mounting Instructions Do the following to hang your NBG460N on a wall.
See the Figure 167 on page 278 for the size of screws to use and how far apart to place them. 1 Locate a high position on a wall that is free of obstructions. Use a sturdy wall. 2 Drill two holes for the screws. Make sure the distance between the centers of the holes matches what is listed in the product specifications appendix. 276 NBG460N Users Guide Appendix A Product Specifications and Wall-Mounting Instructions
Be careful to avoid damaging pipes or cables located inside the wall when drilling holes for the screws. 3 Do not screw the screws all the way into the wall. Leave a small gap of about 0.5 cm between the heads of the screws and the wall. 4 Make sure the screws are snugly fastened to the wall. They need to hold the weight of the NBG460N with the connection cables. 5 Align the holes on the back of the NBG460N with the screws on the wall. Hang the NBG460N on the screws. Figure 166 Wall-mounting Example The following are dimensions of an M4 tap screw and masonry plug used for wall mounting. All measurements are in millimeters (mm). NBG460N Users Guide 277 Appendix A Product Specifications and Wall-Mounting Instructions Figure 167 Masonry Plug and M4 Tap Screw 278 NBG460N Users Guide APPENDIX B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions In order to use the web configurator you need to allow:
Web browser pop-up windows from your device. JavaScripts (enabled by default). Java permissions (enabled by default).
Internet Explorer 6 screens are used here. Screens for other Internet Explorer versions may vary. Internet Explorer Pop-up Blockers You may have to disable pop-up blocking to log into your device. Either disable pop-up blocking (enabled by default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2) or allow pop-up blocking and create an exception for your devices IP address. Disable pop-up Blockers 1 In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Pop-up Blocker and then select Turn Off Pop-up Blocker. Figure 168 Pop-up Blocker You can also check if pop-up blocking is disabled in the Pop-up Blocker section in the Privacy tab. 1 In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Internet Options, Privacy. NBG460N Users Guide 279 Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions 2 Clear the Block pop-ups check box in the Pop-up Blocker section of the screen. This disables any web pop-up blockers you may have enabled. Figure 169 Internet Options: Privacy 3 Click Apply to save this setting. Enable pop-up Blockers with Exceptions Alternatively, if you only want to allow pop-up windows from your device, see the following steps. 1 In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Internet Options and then the Privacy tab. 2 Select Settingsto open the Pop-up Blocker Settings screen. 280 NBG460N Users Guide Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions Figure 170 Internet Options: Privacy 3 Type the IP address of your device (the web page that you do not want to have blocked) with the prefix http://. For example, http://192.168.167.1. 4 Click Add to move the IP address to the list of Allowed sites. Figure 171 Pop-up Blocker Settings NBG460N Users Guide 281 Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions 5 Click Close to return to the Privacy screen. 6 Click Apply to save this setting. JavaScripts If pages of the web configurator do not display properly in Internet Explorer, check that JavaScripts are allowed. 1 In Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security tab. Figure 172 Internet Options: Security 2 Click the Custom Level... button. 3 Scroll down to Scripting. 4 Under Active scripting make sure that Enable is selected (the default). 5 Under Scripting of Java applets make sure that Enable is selected (the default). 6 Click OK to close the window. 282 NBG460N Users Guide Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions Figure 173 Security Settings - Java Scripting Java Permissions 1 From Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security tab. 2 Click the Custom Level... button. 3 Scroll down to Microsoft VM. 4 Under Java permissions make sure that a safety level is selected. 5 Click OK to close the window. Figure 174 Security Settings - Java NBG460N Users Guide 283 Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions JAVA (Sun) 1 From Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Advanced tab. 2 Make sure that Use Java 2 for <applet> under Java (Sun) is selected. 3 Click OK to close the window. Figure 175 Java (Sun) 284 NBG460N Users Guide APPENDIX C IP Addresses and Subnetting This appendix introduces IP addresses and subnet masks. IP addresses identify individual devices on a network. Every networking device (including computers, servers, routers, printers, etc.) needs an IP address to communicate across the network. These networking devices are also known as hosts. Subnet masks determine the maximum number of possible hosts on a network. You can also use subnet masks to divide one network into multiple sub-networks. Introduction to IP Addresses One part of the IP address is the network number, and the other part is the host ID. In the same way that houses on a street share a common street name, the hosts on a network share a common network number. Similarly, as each house has its own house number, each host on the network has its own unique identifying number - the host ID. Routers use the network number to send packets to the correct network, while the host ID determines to which host on the network the packets are delivered. Structure An IP address is made up of four parts, written in dotted decimal notation (for example, 192.168.1.1). Each of these four parts is known as an octet. An octet is an eight-digit binary number (for example 11000000, which is 192 in decimal notation). Therefore, each octet has a possible range of 00000000 to 11111111 in binary, or 0 to 255 in decimal. The following figure shows an example IP address in which the first three octets (192.168.1) are the network number, and the fourth octet (16) is the host ID. NBG460N Users Guide 285 Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting Figure 176 Network Number and Host ID How much of the IP address is the network number and how much is the host ID varies according to the subnet mask. Subnet Masks A subnet mask is used to determine which bits are part of the network number, and which bits are part of the host ID (using a logical AND operation). The term subnet is short for sub-
network. A subnet mask has 32 bits. If a bit in the subnet mask is a 1 then the corresponding bit in the IP address is part of the network number. If a bit in the subnet mask is 0 then the corresponding bit in the IP address is part of the host ID. The following example shows a subnet mask identifying the network number (in bold text) and host ID of an IP address (192.168.1.2 in decimal). Table 117 Subnet Mask - Identifying Network Number IP Address (Binary) Subnet Mask (Binary) Network Number Host ID 1ST OCTET:
(192) 11000000 11111111 11000000 2ND OCTET:
(168) 10101000 11111111 10101000 3RD OCTET:
(1) 00000001 11111111 00000001 4TH OCTET
(2) 00000010 00000000 00000010 By convention, subnet masks always consist of a continuous sequence of ones beginning from the leftmost bit of the mask, followed by a continuous sequence of zeros, for a total number of 32 bits. Subnet masks can be referred to by the size of the network number part (the bits with a 1 value). For example, an 8-bit mask means that the first 8 bits of the mask are ones and the remaining 24 bits are zeroes. 286 NBG460N Users Guide Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting Subnet masks are expressed in dotted decimal notation just like IP addresses. The following examples show the binary and decimal notation for 8-bit, 16-bit, 24-bit and 29-bit subnet masks. Table 118 Subnet Masks BINARY 1ST OCTET 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 8-bit mask 16-bit mask 24-bit mask 29-bit mask 2ND OCTET 00000000 11111111 11111111 11111111 3RD OCTET 00000000 00000000 11111111 11111111 4TH OCTET DECIMAL 00000000 00000000 00000000 11111000 255.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.248 Network Size The size of the network number determines the maximum number of possible hosts you can have on your network. The larger the number of network number bits, the smaller the number of remaining host ID bits. An IP address with host IDs of all zeros is the IP address of the network (192.168.1.0 with a 24-bit subnet mask, for example). An IP address with host IDs of all ones is the broadcast address for that network (192.168.1.255 with a 24-bit subnet mask, for example). As these two IP addresses cannot be used for individual hosts, calculate the maximum number of possible hosts in a network as follows:
Table 119 Maximum Host Numbers SUBNET MASK 8 bits 16 bits 24 bits 29 bits HOST ID SIZE 24 bits 255.0.0.0 16 bits 255.255.0.0 8 bits 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.248 3 bits MAXIMUM NUMBER OF HOSTS 16777214 65534 254 6 224 2 216 2 28 2 23 2 Notation Since the mask is always a continuous number of ones beginning from the left, followed by a continuous number of zeros for the remainder of the 32 bit mask, you can simply specify the number of ones instead of writing the value of each octet. This is usually specified by writing a / followed by the number of bits in the mask after the address. For example, 192.1.1.0 /25 is equivalent to saying 192.1.1.0 with subnet mask 255.255.255.128. The following table shows some possible subnet masks using both notations. Table 120 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation SUBNET MASK 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.128 ALTERNATIVE NOTATION
/24
/25 LAST OCTET
(BINARY) 0000 0000 1000 0000 LAST OCTET
(DECIMAL) 0 128 NBG460N Users Guide 287 Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting Table 120 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation (continued) SUBNET MASK 255.255.255.192 255.255.255.224 255.255.255.240 255.255.255.248 255.255.255.252 ALTERNATIVE NOTATION
/26
/27
/28
/29
/30 LAST OCTET
(BINARY) 1100 0000 1110 0000 1111 0000 1111 1000 1111 1100 LAST OCTET
(DECIMAL) 192 224 240 248 252 Subnetting You can use subnetting to divide one network into multiple sub-networks. In the following example a network administrator creates two sub-networks to isolate a group of servers from the rest of the company network for security reasons. In this example, the company network address is 192.168.1.0. The first three octets of the address (192.168.1) are the network number, and the remaining octet is the host ID, allowing a maximum of 28 2 or 254 possible hosts. The following figure shows the company network before subnetting. Figure 177 Subnetting Example: Before Subnetting You can borrow one of the host ID bits to divide the network 192.168.1.0 into two separate sub-networks. The subnet mask is now 25 bits (255.255.255.128 or /25). The borrowed host ID bit can have a value of either 0 or 1, allowing two subnets;
192.168.1.0 /25 and 192.168.1.128 /25. The following figure shows the company network after subnetting. There are now two sub-
networks, A and B. 288 NBG460N Users Guide Figure 178 Subnetting Example: After Subnetting Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting In a 25-bit subnet the host ID has 7 bits, so each sub-network has a maximum of 27 2 or 126 possible hosts (a host ID of all zeroes is the subnets address itself, all ones is the subnets broadcast address). 192.168.1.0 with mask 255.255.255.128 is subnet A itself, and 192.168.1.127 with mask 255.255.255.128 is its broadcast address. Therefore, the lowest IP address that can be assigned to an actual host for subnet A is 192.168.1.1 and the highest is 192.168.1.126. Similarly, the host ID range for subnet B is 192.168.1.129 to 192.168.1.254. Example: Four Subnets The previous example illustrated using a 25-bit subnet mask to divide a 24-bit address into two subnets. Similarly, to divide a 24-bit address into four subnets, you need to borrow two host ID bits to give four possible combinations (00, 01, 10 and 11). The subnet mask is 26 bits
(11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000) or 255.255.255.192. Each subnet contains 6 host ID bits, giving 26 - 2 or 62 hosts for each subnet (a host ID of all zeroes is the subnet itself, all ones is the subnets broadcast address). Table 121 Subnet 1 IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER IP Address (Decimal) IP Address (Binary) Subnet Mask (Binary) Subnet Address:
192.168.1.0 Broadcast Address:
192.168.1.63 192.168.1. 11000000.10101000.00000001. 11111111.11111111.11111111. Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.1 Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.62 LAST OCTET BIT VALUE 0 00000000 11000000 NBG460N Users Guide 289 Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting Table 122 Subnet 2 IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER IP Address IP Address (Binary) Subnet Mask (Binary) Subnet Address:
192.168.1.64 Broadcast Address:
192.168.1.127 Table 123 Subnet 3 192.168.1. 11000000.10101000.00000001. 11111111.11111111.11111111. Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.65 Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.126 IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER IP Address IP Address (Binary) Subnet Mask (Binary) Subnet Address:
192.168.1.128 Broadcast Address:
192.168.1.191 Table 124 Subnet 4 192.168.1. 11000000.10101000.00000001. 11111111.11111111.11111111. Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.129 Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.190 IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER IP Address IP Address (Binary) Subnet Mask (Binary) Subnet Address:
192.168.1.192 Broadcast Address:
192.168.1.255 192.168.1. 11000000.10101000.00000001. 11111111.11111111.11111111. Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.193 Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.254 LAST OCTET BIT VALUE 64 01000000 11000000 LAST OCTET BIT VALUE 128 10000000 11000000 LAST OCTET BIT VALUE 192 11000000 11000000 Example: Eight Subnets Similarly, use a 27-bit mask to create eight subnets (000, 001, 010, 011, 100, 101, 110 and 111). The following table shows IP address last octet values for each subnet. Table 125 Eight Subnets SUBNET 1 2 3 4 SUBNET ADDRESS 0 32 64 96 FIRST ADDRESS 1 33 65 97 LAST ADDRESS 30 62 94 126 BROADCAST ADDRESS 31 63 95 127 290 NBG460N Users Guide Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting Table 125 Eight Subnets (continued) SUBNET 5 6 7 8 SUBNET ADDRESS 128 160 192 224 FIRST ADDRESS 129 161 193 225 LAST ADDRESS 158 190 222 254 BROADCAST ADDRESS 159 191 223 255 Subnet Planning SUBNET MASK The following table is a summary for subnet planning on a network with a 24-bit network number. Table 126 24-bit Network Number Subnet Planning NO. BORROWED HOST BITS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 NO. HOSTS PER SUBNET 126 62 30 14 6 2 1 255.255.255.128 (/25) 255.255.255.192 (/26) 255.255.255.224 (/27) 255.255.255.240 (/28) 255.255.255.248 (/29) 255.255.255.252 (/30) 255.255.255.254 (/31) 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 NO. SUBNETS NO. SUBNETS SUBNET MASK The following table is a summary for subnet planning on a network with a 16-bit network number. Table 127 16-bit Network Number Subnet Planning NO. BORROWED HOST BITS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 255.255.128.0 (/17) 255.255.192.0 (/18) 255.255.224.0 (/19) 255.255.240.0 (/20) 255.255.248.0 (/21) 255.255.252.0 (/22) 255.255.254.0 (/23) 255.255.255.0 (/24) 255.255.255.128 (/25) 255.255.255.192 (/26) 255.255.255.224 (/27) 255.255.255.240 (/28) 255.255.255.248 (/29) NO. HOSTS PER SUBNET 32766 16382 8190 4094 2046 1022 510 254 126 62 30 14 6 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 4096 8192 NBG460N Users Guide 291 Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting Table 127 16-bit Network Number Subnet Planning (continued) NO. BORROWED HOST BITS 14 15 255.255.255.252 (/30) 255.255.255.254 (/31) SUBNET MASK 16384 32768 NO. SUBNETS NO. HOSTS PER SUBNET 2 1 Configuring IP Addresses Where you obtain your network number depends on your particular situation. If the ISP or your network administrator assigns you a block of registered IP addresses, follow their instructions in selecting the IP addresses and the subnet mask. If the ISP did not explicitly give you an IP network number, then most likely you have a single user account and the ISP will assign you a dynamic IP address when the connection is established. If this is the case, it is recommended that you select a network number from 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.0. The Internet Assigned Number Authority (IANA) reserved this block of addresses specifically for private use; please do not use any other number unless you are told otherwise. You must also enable Network Address Translation (NAT) on the NBG460N. Once you have decided on the network number, pick an IP address for your NBG460N that is easy to remember (for instance, 192.168.1.1) but make sure that no other device on your network is using that IP address. The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your NBG460N will compute the subnet mask automatically based on the IP address that you entered. You don't need to change the subnet mask computed by the NBG460N unless you are instructed to do otherwise. Private IP Addresses Every machine on the Internet must have a unique address. If your networks are isolated from the Internet (running only between two branch offices, for example) you can assign any IP addresses to the hosts without problems. However, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
(IANA) has reserved the following three blocks of IP addresses specifically for private networks:
10.0.0.0 10.255.255.255 172.16.0.0 172.31.255.255 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255 You can obtain your IP address from the IANA, from an ISP, or it can be assigned from a private network. If you belong to a small organization and your Internet access is through an ISP, the ISP can provide you with the Internet addresses for your local networks. On the other hand, if you are part of a much larger organization, you should consult your network administrator for the appropriate IP addresses. Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an arbitrary IP address; always follow the guidelines above. For more information on address assignment, please refer to RFC 1597, Address Allocation for Private Internets and RFC 1466, Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space. 292 NBG460N Users Guide APPENDIX D Setting up Your Computers IP Address All computers must have a 10M or 100M Ethernet adapter card and TCP/IP installed. Windows 95/98/Me/NT/2000/XP, Macintosh OS 7 and later operating systems and all versions of UNIX/LINUX include the software components you need to install and use TCP/IP on your computer. Windows 3.1 requires the purchase of a third-party TCP/IP application package. TCP/IP should already be installed on computers using Windows NT/2000/XP, Macintosh OS 7 and later operating systems. After the appropriate TCP/IP components are installed, configure the TCP/IP settings in order to "communicate" with your network. If you manually assign IP information instead of using dynamic assignment, make sure that your computers have IP addresses that place them in the same subnet as the Prestiges LAN port. Windows 95/98/Me Click Start, Settings, Control Panel and double-click the Network icon to open the Network window. NBG460N Users Guide 293 Appendix D Setting up Your Computers IP Address Figure 179 WIndows 95/98/Me: Network: Configuration Installing Components The Network window Configuration tab displays a list of installed components. You need a network adapter, the TCP/IP protocol and Client for Microsoft Networks. If you need the adapter:
1 In the Network window, click Add. 2 Select Adapter and then click Add. 3 Select the manufacturer and model of your network adapter and then click OK. If you need TCP/IP:
1 In the Network window, click Add. 2 Select Protocol and then click Add. 3 Select Microsoft from the list of manufacturers. 4 Select TCP/IP from the list of network protocols and then click OK. If you need Client for Microsoft Networks:
1 Click Add. 2 Select Client and then click Add. 3 Select Microsoft from the list of manufacturers. 4 Select Client for Microsoft Networks from the list of network clients and then click OK. 5 Restart your computer so the changes you made take effect. 294 NBG460N Users Guide Configuring Appendix D Setting up Your Computers IP Address 1 In the Network window Configuration tab, select your network adapter's TCP/IP entry and click Properties 2 Click the IP Address tab. If your IP address is dynamic, select Obtain an IP address automatically. If you have a static IP address, select Specify an IP address and type your information into the IP Address and Subnet Mask fields. Figure 180 Windows 95/98/Me: TCP/IP Properties: IP Address 3 Click the DNS Configuration tab. If you do not know your DNS information, select Disable DNS. If you know your DNS information, select Enable DNS and type the information in the fields below (you may not need to fill them all in). NBG460N Users Guide 295 Appendix D Setting up Your Computers IP Address Figure 181 Windows 95/98/Me: TCP/IP Properties: DNS Configuration 4 Click the Gateway tab. If you do not know your gateways IP address, remove previously installed gateways. If you have a gateway IP address, type it in the New gateway field and click Add. 5 Click OK to save and close the TCP/IP Properties window. 6 Click OK to close the Network window. Insert the Windows CD if prompted. 7 Turn on your Prestige and restart your computer when prompted. Verifying Settings 1 Click Start and then Run. 2 In the Run window, type "winipcfg" and then click OK to open the IP Configuration 3 Select your network adapter. You should see your computer's IP address, subnet mask window. and default gateway. Windows 2000/NT/XP The following example figures use the default Windows XP GUI theme. 1 Click start (Start in Windows 2000/NT), Settings, Control Panel. 296 NBG460N Users Guide Appendix D Setting up Your Computers IP Address Figure 182 Windows XP: Start Menu 2 In the Control Panel, double-click Network Connections (Network and Dial-up Connections in Windows 2000/NT). Figure 183 Windows XP: Control Panel 3 Right-click Local Area Connection and then click Properties. NBG460N Users Guide 297 Appendix D Setting up Your Computers IP Address Figure 184 Windows XP: Control Panel: Network Connections: Properties 4 Select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) (under the General tab in Win XP) and then click Properties. Figure 185 Windows XP: Local Area Connection Properties 5 The Internet Protocol TCP/IP Properties window opens (the General tab in Windows XP). If you have a dynamic IP address click Obtain an IP address automatically. If you have a static IP address click Use the following IP Address and fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Default gateway fields. Click Advanced. 298 NBG460N Users Guide Appendix D Setting up Your Computers IP Address Figure 186 Windows XP: Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties 6 If you do not know your gateway's IP address, remove any previously installed gateways in the IP Settings tab and click OK. Do one or more of the following if you want to configure additional IP addresses:
In the IP Settings tab, in IP addresses, click Add. In TCP/IP Address, type an IP address in IP address and a subnet mask in Subnet mask, and then click Add. Repeat the above two steps for each IP address you want to add. Configure additional default gateways in the IP Settings tab by clicking Add in Default gateways. In TCP/IP Gateway Address, type the IP address of the default gateway in Gateway. To manually configure a default metric (the number of transmission hops), clear the Automatic metric check box and type a metric in Metric. Click Add. Repeat the previous three steps for each default gateway you want to add. Click OK when finished. NBG460N Users Guide 299 Appendix D Setting up Your Computers IP Address Figure 187 Windows XP: Advanced TCP/IP Properties 7 In the Internet Protocol TCP/IP Properties window (the General tab in Windows XP):
Click Obtain DNS server address automatically if you do not know your DNS server IP address(es). If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click Use the following DNS server addresses, and type them in the Preferred DNS server and Alternate DNS server fields. If you have previously configured DNS servers, click Advanced and then the DNS tab to order them. 300 NBG460N Users Guide Appendix D Setting up Your Computers IP Address Figure 188 Windows XP: Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties 8 Click OK to close the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window. 9 Click Close (OK in Windows 2000/NT) to close the Local Area Connection 10 Close the Network Connections window (Network and Dial-up Connections in Properties window. Windows 2000/NT). 11 Turn on your Prestige and restart your computer (if prompted). Verifying Settings 1 Click Start, All Programs, Accessories and then Command Prompt. 2 In the Command Prompt window, type "ipconfig" and then press [ENTER]. You can also open Network Connections, right-click a network connection, click Status and then click the Support tab. Macintosh OS 8/9 1 Click the Apple menu, Control Panel and double-click TCP/IP to open the TCP/IP Control Panel. NBG460N Users Guide 301 Appendix D Setting up Your Computers IP Address Figure 189 Macintosh OS 8/9: Apple Menu 2 Select Ethernet built-in from the Connect via list. Figure 190 Macintosh OS 8/9: TCP/IP 3 For dynamically assigned settings, select Using DHCP Server from the Configure: list. 4 For statically assigned settings, do the following:
302 NBG460N Users Guide Appendix D Setting up Your Computers IP Address From the Configure box, select Manually. Type your IP address in the IP Address box. Type your subnet mask in the Subnet mask box. Type the IP address of your Prestige in the Router address box. 5 Close the TCP/IP Control Panel. 6 Click Save if prompted, to save changes to your configuration. 7 Turn on your Prestige and restart your computer (if prompted). Verifying Settings Check your TCP/IP properties in the TCP/IP Control Panel window. Macintosh OS X 1 Click the Apple menu, and click System Preferences to open the System Preferences window. Figure 191 Macintosh OS X: Apple Menu 2 Click Network in the icon bar. Select Automatic from the Location list. Select Built-in Ethernet from the Show list. Click the TCP/IP tab. 3 For dynamically assigned settings, select Using DHCP from the Configure list. NBG460N Users Guide 303 Appendix D Setting up Your Computers IP Address Figure 192 Macintosh OS X: Network 4 For statically assigned settings, do the following:
From the Configure box, select Manually. Type your IP address in the IP Address box. Type your subnet mask in the Subnet mask box. Type the IP address of your Prestige in the Router address box. 5 Click Apply Now and close the window. 6 Turn on your Prestige and restart your computer (if prompted). Verifying Settings Check your TCP/IP properties in the Network window. Linux 304 This section shows you how to configure your computers TCP/IP settings in Red Hat Linux 9.0. Procedure, screens and file location may vary depending on your Linux distribution and release version. NBG460N Users Guide Appendix D Setting up Your Computers IP Address
Make sure you are logged in as the root administrator. Using the K Desktop Environment (KDE) Follow the steps below to configure your computer IP address using the KDE. 1 Click the Red Hat button (located on the bottom left corner), select System Setting and click Network. Figure 193 Red Hat 9.0: KDE: Network Configuration: Devices 2 Double-click on the profile of the network card you wish to configure. The Ethernet Device General screen displays as shown. NBG460N Users Guide 305 Appendix D Setting up Your Computers IP Address Figure 194 Red Hat 9.0: KDE: Ethernet Device: General If you have a dynamic IP address click Automatically obtain IP address settings with and select dhcp from the drop down list. If you have a static IP address click Statically set IP Addresses and fill in the Address, Subnet mask, and Default Gateway Address fields. 3 Click OK to save the changes and close the Ethernet Device General screen. 4 If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click the DNS tab in the Network Configuration screen. Enter the DNS server information in the fields provided. Figure 195 Red Hat 9.0: KDE: Network Configuration: DNS 5 Click the Devices tab. 6 Click the Activate button to apply the changes. The following screen displays. Click Yes to save the changes in all screens. 306 NBG460N Users Guide Appendix D Setting up Your Computers IP Address Figure 196 Red Hat 9.0: KDE: Network Configuration: Activate 7 After the network card restart process is complete, make sure the Status is Active in the Network Configuration screen. Using Configuration Files Follow the steps below to edit the network configuration files and set your computer IP address. 1 Assuming that you have only one network card on the computer, locate the ifconfig-
eth0 configuration file (where eth0 is the name of the Ethernet card). Open the configuration file with any plain text editor. If you have a dynamic IP address, enter dhcp in the BOOTPROTO= field. The following figure shows an example. Figure 197 Red Hat 9.0: Dynamic IP Address Setting in ifconfig-eth0 DEVICE=eth0 ONBOOT=yes BOOTPROTO=dhcp USERCTL=no PEERDNS=yes TYPE=Ethernet If you have a static IP address, enter static in the BOOTPROTO= field. Type IPADDR= followed by the IP address (in dotted decimal notation) and type NETMASK=
followed by the subnet mask. The following example shows an example where the static IP address is 192.168.1.10 and the subnet mask is 255.255.255.0. Figure 198 Red Hat 9.0: Static IP Address Setting in ifconfig-eth0 DEVICE=eth0 ONBOOT=yes BOOTPROTO=static IPADDR=192.168.1.10 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 USERCTL=no PEERDNS=yes TYPE=Ethernet NBG460N Users Guide 307 Appendix D Setting up Your Computers IP Address 2 If you know your DNS server IP address(es), enter the DNS server information in the resolv.conf file in the /etc directory. The following figure shows an example where two DNS server IP addresses are specified. Figure 199 Red Hat 9.0: DNS Settings in resolv.conf nameserver 172.23.5.1 nameserver 172.23.5.2 3 After you edit and save the configuration files, you must restart the network card. Enter./network restart in the /etc/rc.d/init.d directory. The following figure shows an example. Figure 200 Red Hat 9.0: Restart Ethernet Card
[root@localhost init.d]# network restart Shutting down interface eth0: [OK]
Shutting down loopback interface: [OK]
Setting network parameters: [OK]
Bringing up loopback interface: [OK]
Bringing up interface eth0: [OK]
26.6.1 Verifying Settings Enter ifconfig in a terminal screen to check your TCP/IP properties. Figure 201 Red Hat 9.0: Checking TCP/IP Properties
[root@localhost]# ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:50:BA:72:5B:44 inet addr:172.23.19.129 Bcast:172.23.19.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:717 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:13 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:100 RX bytes:730412 (713.2 Kb) TX bytes:1570 (1.5 Kb) Interrupt:10 Base address:0x1000
[root@localhost]#
308 NBG460N Users Guide APPENDIX E Wireless LANs Wireless LAN Topologies This section discusses ad-hoc and infrastructure wireless LAN topologies. Ad-hoc Wireless LAN Configuration The simplest WLAN configuration is an independent (Ad-hoc) WLAN that connects a set of computers with wireless stations (A, B, C). Any time two or more wireless adapters are within range of each other, they can set up an independent network, which is commonly referred to as an Ad-hoc network or Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS). The following diagram shows an example of notebook computers using wireless adapters to form an Ad-hoc wireless LAN. Figure 202 Peer-to-Peer Communication in an Ad-hoc Network BSS A Basic Service Set (BSS) exists when all communications between wireless stations or between a wireless station and a wired network client go through one access point (AP). Intra-BSS traffic is traffic between wireless stations in the BSS. When Intra-BSS is enabled, wireless station A and B can access the wired network and communicate with each other. When Intra-BSS is disabled, wireless station A and B can still access the wired network but cannot communicate with each other. NBG460N Users Guide 309 Appendix E Wireless LANs Figure 203 Basic Service Set ESS An Extended Service Set (ESS) consists of a series of overlapping BSSs, each containing an access point, with each access point connected together by a wired network. This wired connection between APs is called a Distribution System (DS). This type of wireless LAN topology is called an Infrastructure WLAN. The Access Points not only provide communication with the wired network but also mediate wireless network traffic in the immediate neighborhood. An ESSID (ESS IDentification) uniquely identifies each ESS. All access points and their associated wireless stations within the same ESS must have the same ESSID in order to communicate. 310 NBG460N Users Guide Figure 204 Infrastructure WLAN Appendix E Wireless LANs Channel A channel is the radio frequency(ies) used by IEEE 802.11a/b/g wireless devices. Channels available depend on your geographical area. You may have a choice of channels (for your region) so you should use a different channel than an adjacent AP (access point) to reduce interference. Interference occurs when radio signals from different access points overlap causing interference and degrading performance. Adjacent channels partially overlap however. To avoid interference due to overlap, your AP should be on a channel at least five channels away from a channel that an adjacent AP is using. For example, if your region has 11 channels and an adjacent AP is using channel 1, then you need to select a channel between 6 or 11. RTS/CTS A hidden node occurs when two stations are within range of the same access point, but are not within range of each other. The following figure illustrates a hidden node. Both stations (STA) are within range of the access point (AP) or wireless gateway, but out-of-range of each other, so they cannot "hear" each other, that is they do not know if the channel is currently being used. Therefore, they are considered hidden from each other. NBG460N Users Guide 311 Appendix E Wireless LANs Figure 205 RTS/CTS When station A sends data to the AP, it might not know that the station B is already using the channel. If these two stations send data at the same time, collisions may occur when both sets of data arrive at the AP at the same time, resulting in a loss of messages for both stations. RTS/CTS is designed to prevent collisions due to hidden nodes. An RTS/CTS defines the biggest size data frame you can send before an RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake is invoked. When a data frame exceeds the RTS/CTS value you set (between 0 to 2432 bytes), the station that wants to transmit this frame must first send an RTS (Request To Send) message to the AP for permission to send it. The AP then responds with a CTS (Clear to Send) message to all other stations within its range to notify them to defer their transmission. It also reserves and confirms with the requesting station the time frame for the requested transmission. Stations can send frames smaller than the specified RTS/CTS directly to the AP without the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake. You should only configure RTS/CTS if the possibility of hidden nodes exists on your network and the "cost" of resending large frames is more than the extra network overhead involved in the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake. If the RTS/CTS value is greater than the Fragmentation Threshold value (see next), then the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake will never occur as data frames will be fragmented before they reach RTS/CTS size.
Enabling the RTS Threshold causes redundant network overhead that could negatively affect the throughput performance instead of providing a remedy. Fragmentation Threshold A Fragmentation Threshold is the maximum data fragment size (between 256 and 2432 bytes) that can be sent in the wireless network before the AP will fragment the packet into smaller data frames. A large Fragmentation Threshold is recommended for networks not prone to interference while you should set a smaller threshold for busy networks or networks that are prone to interference. 312 NBG460N Users Guide Appendix E Wireless LANs If the Fragmentation Threshold value is smaller than the RTS/CTS value (see previously) you set then the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake will never occur as data frames will be fragmented before they reach RTS/CTS size. Preamble Type A preamble is used to synchronize the transmission timing in your wireless network. There are two preamble modes: Long and Short. Short preamble takes less time to process and minimizes overhead, so it should be used in a good wireless network environment when all wireless stations support it. Select Long if you have a noisy network or are unsure of what preamble mode your wireless stations support as all IEEE 802.11b compliant wireless adapters must support long preamble. However, not all wireless adapters support short preamble. Use long preamble if you are unsure what preamble mode the wireless adapters support, to ensure interpretability between the AP and the wireless stations and to provide more reliable communication in noisy networks. Select Dynamic to have the AP automatically use short preamble when all wireless stations support it, otherwise the AP uses long preamble.
The AP and the wireless stations MUST use the same preamble mode in order to communicate. IEEE 802.11g Wireless LAN IEEE 802.11g is fully compatible with the IEEE 802.11b standard. This means an IEEE 802.11b adapter can interface directly with an IEEE 802.11g access point (and vice versa) at 11 Mbps or lower depending on range. IEEE 802.11g has several intermediate rate steps between the maximum and minimum data rates. The IEEE 802.11g data rate and modulation are as follows:
Table 128 IEEE 802.11g DATA RATE (MBPS) MODULATION 1 2 5.5 / 11 6/9/12/18/24/36/48/54 OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) DBPSK (Differential Binary Phase Shift Keyed) DQPSK (Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) CCK (Complementary Code Keying) IEEE 802.1x In June 2001, the IEEE 802.1x standard was designed to extend the features of IEEE 802.11 to support extended authentication as well as providing additional accounting and control features. It is supported by Windows XP and a number of network devices. Some advantages of IEEE 802.1x are:
NBG460N Users Guide 313 Appendix E Wireless LANs User based identification that allows for roaming. Support for RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial In User Service, RFC 2138, 2139) for centralized user profile and accounting management on a network RADIUS server. Support for EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol, RFC 2486) that allows additional authentication methods to be deployed with no changes to the access point or the wireless stations. RADIUS RADIUS is based on a client-server model that supports authentication, authorization and accounting. The access point is the client and the server is the RADIUS server. The RADIUS server handles the following tasks:
Authentication Determines the identity of the users. Authorization Determines the network services available to authenticated users once they are connected to the network. Accounting Keeps track of the clients network activity. RADIUS is a simple package exchange in which your AP acts as a message relay between the wireless station and the network RADIUS server. Types of RADIUS Messages The following types of RADIUS messages are exchanged between the access point and the RADIUS server for user authentication:
Access-Request Sent by an access point requesting authentication. Access-Reject Sent by a RADIUS server rejecting access. Access-Accept Sent by a RADIUS server allowing access. Access-Challenge Sent by a RADIUS server requesting more information in order to allow access. The access point sends a proper response from the user and then sends another Access-Request message. The following types of RADIUS messages are exchanged between the access point and the RADIUS server for user accounting:
Accounting-Request Sent by the access point requesting accounting. Accounting-Response Sent by the RADIUS server to indicate that it has started or stopped accounting. 314 NBG460N Users Guide Appendix E Wireless LANs In order to ensure network security, the access point and the RADIUS server use a shared secret key, which is a password, they both know. The key is not sent over the network. In addition to the shared key, password information exchanged is also encrypted to protect the network from unauthorized access. Types of Authentication This appendix discusses some popular authentication types: EAP-MD5, EAP-TLS, EAP-
TTLS, PEAP and LEAP. The type of authentication you use depends on the RADIUS server or the AP. Consult your network administrator for more information. EAP-MD5 (Message-Digest Algorithm 5) MD5 authentication is the simplest one-way authentication method. The authentication server sends a challenge to the wireless station. The wireless station proves that it knows the password by encrypting the password with the challenge and sends back the information. Password is not sent in plain text. However, MD5 authentication has some weaknesses. Since the authentication server needs to get the plaintext passwords, the passwords must be stored. Thus someone other than the authentication server may access the password file. In addition, it is possible to impersonate an authentication server as MD5 authentication method does not perform mutual authentication. Finally, MD5 authentication method does not support data encryption with dynamic session key. You must configure WEP encryption keys for data encryption. EAP-TLS (Transport Layer Security) With EAP-TLS, digital certifications are needed by both the server and the wireless stations for mutual authentication. The server presents a certificate to the client. After validating the identity of the server, the client sends a different certificate to the server. The exchange of certificates is done in the open before a secured tunnel is created. This makes user identity vulnerable to passive attacks. A digital certificate is an electronic ID card that authenticates the senders identity. However, to implement EAP-TLS, you need a Certificate Authority (CA) to handle certificates, which imposes a management overhead. EAP-TTLS (Tunneled Transport Layer Service) EAP-TTLS is an extension of the EAP-TLS authentication that uses certificates for only the server-side authentications to establish a secure connection. Client authentication is then done by sending username and password through the secure connection, thus client identity is protected. For client authentication, EAP-TTLS supports EAP methods and legacy authentication methods such as PAP, CHAP, MS-CHAP and MS-CHAP v2. NBG460N Users Guide 315 Appendix E Wireless LANs PEAP (Protected EAP) Like EAP-TTLS, server-side certificate authentication is used to establish a secure connection, then use simple username and password methods through the secured connection to authenticate the clients, thus hiding client identity. However, PEAP only supports EAP methods, such as EAP-MD5, EAP-MSCHAPv2 and EAP-GTC (EAP-Generic Token Card), for client authentication. EAP-GTC is implemented only by Cisco. LEAP LEAP (Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol) is a Cisco implementation of IEEE 802.1x. Dynamic WEP Key Exchange The AP maps a unique key that is generated with the RADIUS server. This key expires when the wireless connection times out, disconnects or reauthentication times out. A new WEP key is generated each time reauthentication is performed. If this feature is enabled, it is not necessary to configure a default encryption key in the Wireless screen. You may still configure and store keys here, but they will not be used while Dynamic WEP is enabled.
EAP-MD5 cannot be used with dynamic WEP key exchange For added security, certificate-based authentications (EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS and PEAP) use dynamic keys for data encryption. They are often deployed in corporate environments, but for public deployment, a simple user name and password pair is more practical. The following table is a comparison of the features of authentication types. Table 129 Comparison of EAP Authentication Types Mutual Authentication Certificate Client Certificate Server Dynamic Key Exchange Credential Integrity Deployment Difficulty Client Identity Protection EAP-MD5 No No No No None Easy No EAP-TLS Yes Yes Yes Yes Strong Hard No EAP-TTLS Yes Optional Yes Yes Strong Moderate Yes PEAP Yes Optional Yes Yes Strong Moderate Yes LEAP Yes No No Yes Moderate Moderate No WPA(2) Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) is a subset of the IEEE 802.11i standard. WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i) is a wireless security standard that defines stronger encryption, authentication and key management than WPA. 316 NBG460N Users Guide Appendix E Wireless LANs Key differences between WPA(2) and WEP are improved data encryption and user authentication. Encryption Both WPA and WPA2 improve data encryption by using Temporal Key Integrity Protocol
(TKIP), Message Integrity Check (MIC) and IEEE 802.1x. In addition to TKIP, WPA2 also uses Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) in the Counter mode with Cipher block chaining Message authentication code Protocol (CCMP) to offer stronger encryption. Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) uses 128-bit keys that are dynamically generated and distributed by the authentication server. It includes a per-packet key mixing function, a Message Integrity Check (MIC) named Michael, an extended initialization vector (IV) with sequencing rules, and a re-keying mechanism. TKIP regularly changes and rotates the encryption keys so that the same encryption key is never used twice. The RADIUS server distributes a Pairwise Master Key (PMK) key to the AP that then sets up a key hierarchy and management system, using the pair-wise key to dynamically generate unique data encryption keys to encrypt every data packet that is wirelessly communicated between the AP and the wireless clients. This all happens in the background automatically. WPA2 AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) is a block cipher that uses a 256-bit mathematical algorithm called Rijndael. The Message Integrity Check (MIC) is designed to prevent an attacker from capturing data packets, altering them and resending them. The MIC provides a strong mathematical function in which the receiver and the transmitter each compute and then compare the MIC. If they do not match, it is assumed that the data has been tampered with and the packet is dropped. By generating unique data encryption keys for every data packet and by creating an integrity checking mechanism (MIC), TKIP makes it much more difficult to decode data on a Wi-Fi network than WEP, making it difficult for an intruder to break into the network. The encryption mechanisms used for WPA and WPA-PSK are the same. The only difference between the two is that WPA-PSK uses a simple common password, instead of user-specific credentials. The common-password approach makes WPA-PSK susceptible to brute-force password-guessing attacks but it's still an improvement over WEP as it employs an easier-to-
use, consistent, single, alphanumeric password. User Authentication WPA or WPA2 applies IEEE 802.1x and Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) to authenticate wireless clients using an external RADIUS database. If both an AP and the wireless clients support WPA2 and you have an external RADIUS server, use WPA2 for stronger data encryption. If you don't have an external RADIUS server, you should use WPA2 -PSK (WPA2 -Pre-Shared Key) that only requires a single (identical) password entered into each access point, wireless gateway and wireless client. As long as the passwords match, a wireless client will be granted access to a WLAN. If the AP or the wireless clients do not support WPA2, just use WPA or WPA-PSK depending on whether you have an external RADIUS server or not. Select WEP only when the AP and/or wireless clients do not support WPA or WPA2. WEP is less secure than WPA or WPA2. NBG460N Users Guide 317 Appendix E Wireless LANs 26.6.2 WPA(2)-PSK Application Example A WPA(2)-PSK application looks as follows. 1 First enter identical passwords into the AP and all wireless clients. The Pre-Shared Key
(PSK) must consist of between 8 and 63 ASCII characters (including spaces and symbols). 2 The AP checks each wireless client's password and (only) allows it to join the network if the password matches. 3 The AP derives and distributes keys to the wireless clients. 4 The AP and wireless clients use the TKIP or AES encryption process to encrypt data exchanged between them. Figure 206 WPA(2)-PSK Authentication 26.6.3 WPA(2) with RADIUS Application Example You need the IP address of the RADIUS server, its port number (default is 1812), and the RADIUS shared secret. A WPA(2) application example with an external RADIUS server looks as follows. "A" is the RADIUS server. "DS" is the distribution system. 1 The AP passes the wireless client's authentication request to the RADIUS server. 2 The RADIUS server then checks the user's identification against its database and grants or denies network access accordingly. 3 The RADIUS server distributes a Pairwise Master Key (PMK) key to the AP that then sets up a key hierarchy and management system, using the pair-wise key to dynamically generate unique data encryption keys to encrypt every data packet that is wirelessly communicated between the AP and the wireless clients. 318 NBG460N Users Guide Security Parameters Summary Appendix E Wireless LANs Refer to this table to see what other security parameters you should configure for each Authentication Method/ key management protocol type. MAC address filters are not dependent on how you configure these security features. Table 130 Wireless Security Relational Matrix AUTHENTICATION METHOD/ KEY MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL Open ENTER MANUAL KEY ENCRYPTIO N METHOD IEEE 802.1X None No Open Shared WPA WPA-PSK WPA2 WPA2-PSK WEP WEP TKIP TKIP AES AES No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Disable Enable without Dynamic WEP Key Enable with Dynamic WEP Key Enable without Dynamic WEP Key Disable Enable with Dynamic WEP Key Enable without Dynamic WEP Key Disable Enable Enable Enable Enable NBG460N Users Guide 319 Appendix E Wireless LANs 320 NBG460N Users Guide APPENDIX F Services The following table lists some commonly-used services and their associated protocols and port numbers. Name: This is a short, descriptive name for the service. You can use this one or create a different one, if you like. Protocol: This is the type of IP protocol used by the service. If this is TCP/UDP, then the service uses the same port number with TCP and UDP. If this is User-Defined, the Port(s) is the IP protocol number, not the port number. Port(s): This value depends on the Protocol. If the Protocol is TCP, UDP, or TCP/UDP, this is the IP port number. If the Protocol is USER, this is the IP protocol number. Description: This is a brief explanation of the applications that use this service or the situations in which this service is used. Table 131 Examples of Services PROTOCOL User-Defined PORT(S) 51 NAME AH
(IPSEC_TUNNEL) AIM AUTH BGP BOOTP_CLIENT BOOTP_SERVER CU-SEEME DNS TCP TCP TCP UDP UDP TCP/UDP TCP/UDP TCP/UDP ESP
(IPSEC_TUNNEL) User-Defined FINGER FTP TCP TCP TCP DESCRIPTION The IPSEC AH (Authentication Header) tunneling protocol uses this service. AOLs Internet Messenger service. Authentication protocol used by some servers. Border Gateway Protocol. DHCP Client. DHCP Server. A popular videoconferencing solution from White Pines Software. Domain Name Server, a service that matches web names (e.g. www.zyxel.com) to IP numbers. The IPSEC ESP (Encapsulation Security Protocol) tunneling protocol uses this service. Finger is a UNIX or Internet related command that can be used to find out if a user is logged on. File Transfer Program, a program to enable fast transfer of files, including large files that may not be possible by e-mail. 5190 113 179 68 67 7648 24032 53 50 79 20 21 NBG460N Users Guide 321 Appendix F Services Table 131 Examples of Services (continued) NAME H.323 HTTP HTTPS ICMP PROTOCOL TCP TCP TCP User-Defined ICQ IGMP (MULTICAST) User-Defined UDP IKE IMAP4 IMAP4S IRC UDP TCP TCP TCP/UDP MSN Messenger TCP NetBIOS NEW-ICQ NEWS NFS NNTP PING POP3 POP3S PPTP TCP/UDP TCP/UDP TCP/UDP TCP/UDP TCP TCP UDP TCP User-Defined 1 TCP TCP TCP 110 995 1723 PORT(S) 1720 80 443 1 4000 2 500 143 993 6667 1863 137 138 139 445 5190 144 2049 119 DESCRIPTION NetMeeting uses this protocol. Hyper Text Transfer Protocol - a client/
server protocol for the world wide web. HTTPS is a secured http session often used in e-commerce. Internet Control Message Protocol is often used for diagnostic purposes. This is a popular Internet chat program. Internet Group Multicast Protocol is used when sending packets to a specific group of hosts. The Internet Key Exchange algorithm is used for key distribution and management. The Internet Message Access Protocol is used for e-mail. This is a more secure version of IMAP4 that runs over SSL. This is another popular Internet chat program. Microsoft Networks messenger service uses this protocol. The Network Basic Input/Output System is used for communication between computers in a LAN. An Internet chat program. A protocol for news groups. Network File System - NFS is a client/
server distributed file service that provides transparent file sharing for network environments. Network News Transport Protocol is the delivery mechanism for the USENET newsgroup service. Packet INternet Groper is a protocol that sends out ICMP echo requests to test whether or not a remote host is reachable. Post Office Protocol version 3 lets a client computer get e-mail from a POP3 server through a temporary connection (TCP/IP or other). This is a more secure version of POP3 that runs over SSL. Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol enables secure transfer of data over public networks. This is the control channel. 322 NBG460N Users Guide Table 131 Examples of Services (continued) NAME PPTP_TUNNEL
(GRE) PROTOCOL User-Defined PORT(S) 47 RCMD REAL_AUDIO TCP TCP REXEC RLOGIN ROADRUNNER RTELNET RTSP SFTP SMTP TCP TCP TCP/UDP TCP TCP/UDP TCP TCP SMTPS TCP SNMP SNMP-TRAPS SQL-NET TCP/UDP TCP/UDP TCP SSDP UDP SSH STRM WORKS SYSLOG TCP/UDP UDP UDP TACACS TELNET UDP TCP 512 7070 514 513 1026 107 554 115 25 465 161 162 1521 1900 22 1558 514 49 23 Appendix F Services DESCRIPTION PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) enables secure transfer of data over public networks. This is the data channel. Remote Command Service. A streaming audio service that enables real time sound over the web. Remote Execution Daemon. Remote Login. This is an ISP that provides services mainly for cable modems. Remote Telnet. The Real Time Streaming (media control) Protocol (RTSP) is a remote control for multimedia on the Internet. The Simple File Transfer Protocol is an old way of transferring files between computers. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is the message-exchange standard for the Internet. SMTP enables you to move messages from one e-mail server to another. This is a more secure version of SMTP that runs over SSL. Simple Network Management Program. Traps for use with the SNMP (RFC:1215). Structured Query Language is an interface to access data on many different types of database systems, including mainframes, midrange systems, UNIX systems and network servers. The Simple Service Discovery Protocol supports Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP). Secure Shell Remote Login Program. Stream Works Protocol. Syslog allows you to send system logs to a UNIX server. Login Host Protocol used for (Terminal Access Controller Access Control System). Telnet is the login and terminal emulation protocol common on the Internet and in UNIX environments. It operates over TCP/
IP networks. Its primary function is to allow users to log into remote host systems. NBG460N Users Guide 323 Appendix F Services Table 131 Examples of Services (continued) NAME TFTP VDOLIVE PROTOCOL UDP PORT(S) 69 TCP UDP 7000 user-
defined DESCRIPTION Trivial File Transfer Protocol is an Internet file transfer protocol similar to FTP, but uses the UDP (User Datagram Protocol) rather than TCP (Transmission Control Protocol). A videoconferencing solution. The UDP port number is specified in the application. 324 NBG460N Users Guide APPENDIX G Legal Information Copyright Copyright 2008 by ZyXEL Communications Corporation. The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any part or as a whole, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, translated into any language, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, photocopying, manual, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of ZyXEL Communications Corporation. Published by ZyXEL Communications Corporation. All rights reserved. Disclaimer ZyXEL does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any products, or software described herein. Neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the patent rights of others. ZyXEL further reserves the right to make changes in any products described herein without notice. This publication is subject to change without notice. Trademarks ZyNOS (ZyXEL Network Operating System) is a registered trademark of ZyXEL Communications, Inc. Other trademarks mentioned in this publication are used for identification purposes only and may be properties of their respective owners. Certifications Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Interference Statement The device complies with Part 15 of FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
This device may not cause harmful interference. This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operations. This device has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This device generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy, and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. NBG460N Users Guide 325 Appendix G Legal Information If this device does cause harmful interference to radio/television reception, which can be determined by turning the device off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
1 Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. 2 Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver. 3 Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. 4 Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. FCC Radiation Exposure Statement This transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. IEEE 802.11b or 802.11g operation of this product in the U.S.A. is firmware-limited to channels 1 through 11. To comply with FCC RF exposure compliance requirements, a separation distance of at least 20 cm must be maintained between the antenna of this device and all persons.
Notices Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment. This device has been designed for the WLAN 2.4 GHz network throughout the EC region and Switzerland, with restrictions in France. This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003. Cet appareil numrique de la classe B est conforme la norme NMB-003 du Canada. Viewing Certifications 1 Go to http://www.zyxel.com. 2 Select your product on the ZyXEL home page to go to that product's page. 326 NBG460N Users Guide Appendix G Legal Information 3 Select the certification you wish to view from this page. ZyXEL Limited Warranty ZyXEL warrants to the original end user (purchaser) that this product is free from any defects in materials or workmanship for a period of up to two years from the date of purchase. During the warranty period, and upon proof of purchase, should the product have indications of failure due to faulty workmanship and/or materials, ZyXEL will, at its discretion, repair or replace the defective products or components without charge for either parts or labor, and to whatever extent it shall deem necessary to restore the product or components to proper operating condition. Any replacement will consist of a new or re-manufactured functionally equivalent product of equal or higher value, and will be solely at the discretion of ZyXEL. This warranty shall not apply if the product has been modified, misused, tampered with, damaged by an act of God, or subjected to abnormal working conditions. Note Repair or replacement, as provided under this warranty, is the exclusive remedy of the purchaser. This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, express or implied, including any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular use or purpose. ZyXEL shall in no event be held liable for indirect or consequential damages of any kind to the purchaser. To obtain the services of this warranty, contact your vendor. You may also refer to the warranty policy for the region in which you bought the device at http://www.zyxel.com/web/
support_warranty_info.php. Registration Register your product online to receive e-mail notices of firmware upgrades and information at www.zyxel.com for global products, or at www.us.zyxel.com for North American products. NBG460N Users Guide 327 Appendix G Legal Information 328 NBG460N Users Guide APPENDIX H Customer Support In the event of problems that cannot be solved by using this manual, you should contact your vendor. If you cannot contact your vendor, then contact a ZyXEL office for the region in which you bought the device. Regional offices are listed below (see also http://
www.zyxel.com/web/contact_us.php). Please have the following information ready when you contact an office. Required Information Product model and serial number. Warranty Information. Date that you received your device. Brief description of the problem and the steps you took to solve it.
+ is the (prefix) number you dial to make an international telephone call. Corporate Headquarters (Worldwide) Support E-mail: support@zyxel.com.tw Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.com.tw Telephone: +886-3-578-3942 Fax: +886-3-578-2439 Web: www.zyxel.com, www.europe.zyxel.com Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications Corp., 6 Innovation Road II, Science Park, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan China - ZyXEL Communications (Beijing) Corp. Support E-mail: cso.zycn@zyxel.cn Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.cn Telephone: +86-010-82800646 Fax: +86-010-82800587 Address: 902, Unit B, Horizon Building, No.6, Zhichun Str, Haidian District, Beijing Web: http://www.zyxel.cn China - ZyXEL Communications (Shanghai) Corp. Support E-mail: cso.zycn@zyxel.cn Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.cn Telephone: +86-021-61199055 Fax: +86-021-52069033 NBG460N Users Guide 329 Appendix H Customer Support Address: 1005F, ShengGao International Tower, No.137 XianXia Rd., Shanghai Web: http://www.zyxel.cn Costa Rica Support E-mail: soporte@zyxel.co.cr Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.co.cr Telephone: +506-2017878 Fax: +506-2015098 Web: www.zyxel.co.cr FTP: ftp.zyxel.co.cr Regular Mail: ZyXEL Costa Rica, Plaza Roble Escaz, Etapa El Patio, Tercer Piso, San Jos, Costa Rica Czech Republic E-mail: info@cz.zyxel.com Telephone: +420-241-091-350 Fax: +420-241-091-359 Web: www.zyxel.cz Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications, Czech s.r.o., Modransk 621, 143 01 Praha 4 -
Modrany, Cesk Republika Denmark Support E-mail: support@zyxel.dk Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.dk Telephone: +45-39-55-07-00 Fax: +45-39-55-07-07 Web: www.zyxel.dk Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications A/S, Columbusvej, 2860 Soeborg, Denmark Finland Support E-mail: support@zyxel.fi Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.fi Telephone: +358-9-4780-8411 Fax: +358-9-4780-8448 Web: www.zyxel.fi Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications Oy, Malminkaari 10, 00700 Helsinki, Finland France E-mail: info@zyxel.fr Telephone: +33-4-72-52-97-97 Fax: +33-4-72-52-19-20 Web: www.zyxel.fr Regular Mail: ZyXEL France, 1 rue des Vergers, Bat. 1 / C, 69760 Limonest, France 330 NBG460N Users Guide Appendix H Customer Support Germany Support E-mail: support@zyxel.de Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.de Telephone: +49-2405-6909-69 Fax: +49-2405-6909-99 Web: www.zyxel.de Regular Mail: ZyXEL Deutschland GmbH., Adenauerstr. 20/A2 D-52146, Wuerselen, Germany Hungary Support E-mail: support@zyxel.hu Sales E-mail: info@zyxel.hu Telephone: +36-1-3361649 Fax: +36-1-3259100 Web: www.zyxel.hu Regular Mail: ZyXEL Hungary, 48, Zoldlomb Str., H-1025, Budapest, Hungary India Support E-mail: support@zyxel.in Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.in Telephone: +91-11-30888144 to +91-11-30888153 Fax: +91-11-30888149, +91-11-26810715 Web: http://www.zyxel.in Regular Mail: India - ZyXEL Technology India Pvt Ltd., II-Floor, F2/9 Okhla Phase -1, New Delhi 110020, India Japan Support E-mail: support@zyxel.co.jp Sales E-mail: zyp@zyxel.co.jp Telephone: +81-3-6847-3700 Fax: +81-3-6847-3705 Web: www.zyxel.co.jp Regular Mail: ZyXEL Japan, 3F, Office T&U, 1-10-10 Higashi-Gotanda, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0022, Japan Kazakhstan Support: http://zyxel.kz/support Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.kz Telephone: +7-3272-590-698 Fax: +7-3272-590-689 Web: www.zyxel.kz Regular Mail: ZyXEL Kazakhstan, 43 Dostyk Ave., Office 414, Dostyk Business Centre, 050010 Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan NBG460N Users Guide 331 Appendix H Customer Support Malaysia Support E-mail: support@zyxel.com.my Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.com.my Telephone: +603-8076-9933 Fax: +603-8076-9833 Web: http://www.zyxel.com.my Regular Mail: ZyXEL Malaysia Sdn Bhd., 1-02 & 1-03, Jalan Kenari 17F, Bandar Puchong Jaya, 47100 Puchong, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia North America Support E-mail: support@zyxel.com Support Telephone: +1-800-978-7222 Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.com Sales Telephone: +1-714-632-0882 Fax: +1-714-632-0858 Web: www.zyxel.com Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications Inc., 1130 N. Miller St., Anaheim, CA 92806-
2001, U.S.A. Norway Support E-mail: support@zyxel.no Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.no Telephone: +47-22-80-61-80 Fax: +47-22-80-61-81 Web: www.zyxel.no Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications A/S, Nils Hansens vei 13, 0667 Oslo, Norway Poland E-mail: info@pl.zyxel.com Telephone: +48-22-333 8250 Fax: +48-22-333 8251 Web: www.pl.zyxel.com Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications, ul. Okrzei 1A, 03-715 Warszawa, Poland Russia Support: http://zyxel.ru/support Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.ru Telephone: +7-095-542-89-29 Fax: +7-095-542-89-25 Web: www.zyxel.ru Regular Mail: ZyXEL Russia, Ostrovityanova 37a Str., Moscow 117279, Russia 332 NBG460N Users Guide Appendix H Customer Support Singapore Support E-mail: support@zyxel.com.sg Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.com.sg Telephone: +65-6899-6678 Fax: +65-6899-8887 Web: http://www.zyxel.com.sg Regular Mail: ZyXEL Singapore Pte Ltd., No. 2 International Business Park, The Strategy
#03-28, Singapore 609930 Spain Support E-mail: support@zyxel.es Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.es Telephone: +34-902-195-420 Fax: +34-913-005-345 Web: www.zyxel.es Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications, Arte, 21 5 planta, 28033 Madrid, Spain Sweden Support E-mail: support@zyxel.se Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.se Telephone: +46-31-744-7700 Fax: +46-31-744-7701 Web: www.zyxel.se Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications A/S, Sjporten 4, 41764 Gteborg, Sweden Taiwan Support E-mail: support@zyxel.com.tw Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.com.tw Telephone: +886-2-27399889 Fax: +886-2-27353220 Web: http://www.zyxel.com.tw Address: Room B, 21F., No.333, Sec. 2, Dunhua S. Rd., Da-an District, Taipei Thailand Support E-mail: support@zyxel.co.th Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.co.th Telephone: +662-831-5315 Fax: +662-831-5395 Web: http://www.zyxel.co.th Regular Mail: ZyXEL Thailand Co., Ltd., 1/1 Moo 2, Ratchaphruk Road, Bangrak-Noi, Muang, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. NBG460N Users Guide 333 Appendix H Customer Support Turkey Support E-mail: cso@zyxel.com.tr Telephone: +90 212 222 55 22 Fax: +90-212-220-2526 Web: http:www.zyxel.com.tr Address: Kaptanpasa Mahallesi Piyalepasa Bulvari Ortadogu Plaza N:14/13 K:6 Okmeydani/Sisli Istanbul/Turkey Ukraine Support E-mail: support@ua.zyxel.com Sales E-mail: sales@ua.zyxel.com Telephone: +380-44-247-69-78 Fax: +380-44-494-49-32 Web: www.ua.zyxel.com Regular Mail: ZyXEL Ukraine, 13, Pimonenko Str., Kiev 04050, Ukraine United Kingdom Support E-mail: support@zyxel.co.uk Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.co.uk Telephone: +44-1344-303044, 08707-555779 (UK only) Fax: +44-1344-303034 Web: www.zyxel.co.uk FTP: ftp.zyxel.co.uk Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications UK Ltd., 11 The Courtyard, Eastern Road, Bracknell, Berkshire RG12 2XB, United Kingdom (UK) 334 NBG460N Users Guide Index Index C CA 315 Certificate Authority 315 certifications 325 notices 326 viewing 326 Channel 41, 67, 311 Interference 311 channel 89 command interface 33 Configuration backup 253 reset the factory defaults 254 restore 253 contact information 329 Content Filtering Days and Times 161 Restrict Web Features 161 Cookies 162 copyright 325 CPU usage 41, 67 CTS (Clear to Send) 312 customer support 329 D Daylight saving 231 DDNS 147 see also Dynamic DNS DHCP 45, 133 DHCP server see also Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP client information 135 DHCP client list 135 DHCP server 127, 133 DHCP table 45, 135 DHCP client information DHCP status Diffie-Hellman key group 185 Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS) 189 Dimensions 273 disclaimer 325 DNS 59, 135 A active protocol 188 AH 188 and encapsulation 189 ESP 188 ActiveX 162 address resolution protocol (ARP) 129 AH 188 and transport mode 189 Alert 234 alternative subnet mask notation 287 any IP note 129 AP 259 AP (Access Point) 311 AP Mode 259 menu 68 overview 65 status screen 66 AP network 259 Asymmetrical routes 154 and IP alias 154 see also triangle routes 154 authentication algorithms 185, 190 and active protocol 185 Authentication Header. See AH. Auto-bridge 126 B Backup configuration 253 Bandwidth management 62 application-based 199 classes and priorities 202 monitor 206 overview 199 priority 200 services 201 subnet-based 199 Bandwidth management monitor 44 Basic wireless security 53 BitTorrent 201 BSS 309 NBG460N Users Guide 335 Index DNS server see also Domain name system DNS (Domain Name System) 212 DNS Server For VPN Host 190 DNS server 135 Domain name 51 vs host name. see also system name Domain Name System 135 duplex setting 42, 68 Dynamic DNS 147 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol 133 Dynamic WEP Key Exchange 316 DynDNS Wildcard 147 E EAP Authentication 315 e-mail 105 Encapsulating Security Payload. See ESP. encapsulation and active protocol 189 transport mode 188 tunnel mode 188 VPN 188 Encryption 317 encryption 91 and local (user) database 91 key 92 WPA compatible 92 encryption algorithms 185, 190 and active protocol 185 ESP 188 and transport mode 189 ESS 310 ESSID 269 Extended Service Set 310 Extended wireless security 54 F Factory LAN defaults 127 FCC interference statement 325 feature specifications 275 File Transfer Program 201 Firewall 153 Firewall overview guidelines 154 ICMP packets 156 network security Stateful inspection 153 ZyXEL device firewall 153 Firmware upload 251 file extension using HTTP firmware version 40, 67 Fragmentation Threshold 312 FTP 33, 212 FTP. see also File Transfer Program 201 G gateway 196 General wireless LAN screen 94 H Hidden Node 311 HTTP 201 Hyper Text Transfer Protocol 201 I IANA 292 IBSS 309 IEEE 802.11g 313 IGMP 117, 128 see also Internet Group Multicast Protocol version IGMP version 117, 128 IKE SA aggressive mode 166, 187 authentication algorithms 185, 190 Diffie-Hellman key group 185 encryption algorithms 185, 190 ID content 186 ID type 186 IP address, remote IPSec router 167 IP address, ZyXEL Device 166 local identity 186 main mode 166, 187 NAT traversal 188 negotiation mode 166 peer identity 186 pre-shared key 186 proposal 185 336 NBG460N Users Guide SA life time 190 IKE SA. See also VPN. Independent Basic Service Set 309 Install UPnP 217 Windows Me 217 Windows XP 218 Internet Assigned Numbers Authority See IANA Internet connection Ethernet PPPoE. see also PPP over Ethernet PPTP WAN connection Internet connection wizard 54 Internet Group Multicast Protocol 117, 128 Internet Protocol Security. See IPSec. IP Address 130, 139 IP address 59 dynamic IP alias 130 IP packet transmission 128 Broadcast Multicast Unicast IP Pool 133 IPSec 165 IPSec SA active protocol 188 authentication algorithms 185, 190 authentication key (manual keys) 179 encapsulation 188 encryption algorithms 185, 190 encryption key (manual keys) 179 local policy 167 manual keys 179 Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS) 189 proposal 189 remote policy 167 SA life time 190 Security Parameter Index (SPI) (manual keys) 180 transport mode 188 tunnel mode 188 when IKE SA is disconnected 167, 190 IPSec SA. See also VPN. IPSec. See also VPN. J Java 162 Index K Keep alive 190 L LAN 127 IP pool setup 127 LAN overview 127 LAN Setup 117 LAN setup 127 LAN TCP/IP 127 Language 263 Link type 41, 67 local (user) database 90 and encryption 91 Local Area Network 127 Log 233 M MAC 101 MAC address 90, 117 cloning 61, 117 MAC address filter 90 MAC address filtering 101 MAC filter 101 managing the device good habits 33 using FTP. See FTP. using Telnet. See command interface. using the command interface. See command interface. using the web configurator. See web configurator. Media access control 101 Memory usage 41, 67 Metric 197 MSN messenger 201 MSN Webcam 201 Multicast 117, 128 IGMP 117, 128 N NAT 137, 139, 292 NBG460N Users Guide 337 Index and VPN 187 overview 137 port forwarding 137 see also Network Address Translation server sets 137 NAT session 144 NAT Traversal 215 NAT traversal 188 Navigation Panel 42, 68 navigation panel 42, 68 NetBIOS 125, 132 see also Network Basic Input/Output System 125 Network Address Translation 137, 139 Network Basic Input/Output System 132 O Operating Channel 41, 67 P P2P 201 peer-to-peer 201 Perfect Forward Secrecy. see PFS. PFS 189 Diffie-Hellman key group 189 Pocket GUI 108 Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet 55, 119 Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol 56, 122 Pool Size 133 Port forwarding 137, 139 default server 137 example 138 local server 139 port numbers services port speed 42, 68 Power Specification 273 PPPoE 55, 119 benefits 56 dial-up connection see also Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet 55 PPTP 56, 122 see also Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol 56 Preamble Mode 313 priorities 94 Private 197 product registration 327 Q QoS 94 QoS priorities 94 Quality of Service (QoS) 103 R RADIUS 314 Shared Secret Key 315 RADIUS Message Types 314 RADIUS Messages 314 RADIUS server 90 registration product 327 related documentation 3 Remote management 209 and NAT 210 and the firewall 209 FTP 212 limitations 209 remote management session 209 system timeout 210 remote management Telnet 211 Reset button 39, 254 Reset the device 39 Restore configuration 253 Restrict Web Features 162 RF (Radio Frequency) 274 RFC 2402. See AH. RFC 2406. See ESP. RoadRunner 119 Roaming 102 roaming 92 requirements 93 router 259 Router Mode 259 RTS (Request To Send) 312 RTS Threshold 311, 312 RTS/CTS Threshold 103 S SA life time 190 safety warnings 6 338 NBG460N Users Guide Index Scheduling 107 security associations. See VPN. Security Parameters 319 Service and port numbers 201 Service Set 95 Service Set IDentification 95 Service Set IDentity. See SSID. services and port numbers 321 and protocols 321 Session Initiated Protocol 201 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol 236 SIP 201 SMTP 236 SNMP 154 SSID 41, 67, 89, 95 Static DHCP 134 Static Route 195 Status 39 subnet 285 Subnet Mask 130 subnet mask 59, 286 subnetting 288 Summary 44 Bandwidth management monitor 44 DHCP table 45 Packet statistics 46 Wireless station status 47 syntax conventions 4 Sys Op Mode 259 selecting 260 System General Setup 229 System Name 229 System name 50 vs computer name System restart 254 T TCP/IP configuration 133 Telnet 211 Temperature 273 Time setting 230 trademarks 325 Triangle routes and IP alias 154 see also asymmetrical routes 154 trigger port 142 Trigger port forwarding 142 example 142 process 142 U Universal Plug and Play 215 Application 215 UPnP 215 Forum 216 security issues 215 URL Keyword Blocking 162 Use Authentication 317 user authentication 90 local (user) database 90 RADIUS server 90 User Name 148 V Virtual Private Network. See VPN. VoIP 201 VPN 80, 122, 165 active protocol 188 and NAT 187 established in two phases 166 IKE SA. See IKE SA. IPSec 165 IPSec SA. See IPSec SA. local network 165 proposal 185 remote IPSec router 165 remote network 165 security associations (SA) 166 VPN. See also IKE SA, IPSec SA. W Wake On LAN 139, 141, 255 WAN IP address assignment 58 WAN advanced 125 WAN IP address 58 WAN IP address assignment 60 WAN MAC address 117 warranty 327 note 327 Web Configurator how to access 37 NBG460N Users Guide 339 X Xbox Live 201 Z ZyNOS 40, 67 Index Overview 37 Web configurator navigating 39 web configurator 33 Web Proxy 162 WEP Encryption 97 WEP encryption 96 WEP key 97 Wi-Fi Multimedia QoS 94 Wildcard 147 Windows Networking 132 Wireless association list 47 wireless channel 269 wireless LAN 269 wireless LAN scheduling 107 Wireless LAN wizard 51 Wireless network basic guidelines 89 channel 89 encryption 91 example 89 MAC address filter 90 overview 89 security 90 SSID 89 Wireless security 90 overview 90 type 90 wireless security 269 Wireless tutorial 65, 73 WPS 73 Wizard setup 49 Bandwidth management 62 complete 63 Internet connection 54 system information 50 wireless LAN 51 WLAN Interference 311 Security Parameters 319 WMM 94 WMM priorities 94 WoL. See Wake On LAN. World Wide Web 201 WPA compatible 92 WPA, WPA2 316 WPS 34 WWW 105, 201 340 NBG460N Users Guide
| frequency | equipment class | purpose | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2008-05-09 | 2412 ~ 2462 | DTS - Digital Transmission System | Original Equipment |
| app s | Applicant Information | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Effective |
2008-05-09
|
||||
| 1 | Applicant's complete, legal business name |
ZyXEL Communications Corporation
|
||||
| 1 | FCC Registration Number (FRN) |
0021059092
|
||||
| 1 | Physical Address |
No.2, Industry East Road IX, Science Park
|
||||
| 1 |
Hsinchu, N/A
|
|||||
| 1 |
Taiwan
|
|||||
| app s | TCB Information | |||||
| 1 | TCB Application Email Address |
h******@atcb.com
|
||||
| 1 | TCB Scope |
A4: UNII devices & low power transmitters using spread spectrum techniques
|
||||
| app s | FCC ID | |||||
| 1 | Grantee Code |
I88
|
||||
| 1 | Equipment Product Code |
X550NH
|
||||
| app s | Person at the applicant's address to receive grant or for contact | |||||
| 1 | Name |
E****** B********
|
||||
| 1 | Title |
Section Manager
|
||||
| 1 | Telephone Number |
886 3******** Extension:
|
||||
| 1 | Fax Number |
886 3********
|
||||
| 1 |
E******@zyxel.com.tw
|
|||||
| app s | Technical Contact | |||||
| 1 | Firm Name |
Intertek Testing Services Taiwan Ltd.
|
||||
| 1 | Name |
K****** C******
|
||||
| 1 | Physical Address |
No. 11, Ko-Tze-Nan Chia-Tung Li, Shiang-Shan
|
||||
| 1 |
Hsinchu, 300
|
|||||
| 1 |
Taiwan
|
|||||
| 1 | Telephone Number |
886-3******** Extension:
|
||||
| 1 | Fax Number |
886-3********
|
||||
| 1 |
K******@intertek.com
|
|||||
| app s | Non Technical Contact | |||||
| n/a | ||||||
| app s | Confidentiality (long or short term) | |||||
| 1 | Does this application include a request for confidentiality for any portion(s) of the data contained in this application pursuant to 47 CFR § 0.459 of the Commission Rules?: | Yes | ||||
| 1 | Long-Term Confidentiality Does this application include a request for confidentiality for any portion(s) of the data contained in this application pursuant to 47 CFR § 0.459 of the Commission Rules?: | No | ||||
| if no date is supplied, the release date will be set to 45 calendar days past the date of grant. | ||||||
| app s | Cognitive Radio & Software Defined Radio, Class, etc | |||||
| 1 | Is this application for software defined/cognitive radio authorization? | No | ||||
| 1 | Equipment Class | DTS - Digital Transmission System | ||||
| 1 | Description of product as it is marketed: (NOTE: This text will appear below the equipment class on the grant) | Wireless Gigabit Router | ||||
| 1 | Related OET KnowledgeDataBase Inquiry: Is there a KDB inquiry associated with this application? | No | ||||
| 1 | Modular Equipment Type | Does not apply | ||||
| 1 | Purpose / Application is for | Original Equipment | ||||
| 1 | Composite Equipment: Is the equipment in this application a composite device subject to an additional equipment authorization? | No | ||||
| 1 | Related Equipment: Is the equipment in this application part of a system that operates with, or is marketed with, another device that requires an equipment authorization? | No | ||||
| 1 | Grant Comments | Power Output listed is maximum combined Conducted power. Device is a router operating in a 3x3 MIMO configuration. All transmitters may operate simultaneously with respect to 1.1307 and 2.1091. Responsible parties must be provided with operating and installation instructions to ensure RF exposure compliance. The antenna used for this transmitter must be installed to provide a separation distance of at least 20 cm from all persons and must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. | ||||
| 1 | Is there an equipment authorization waiver associated with this application? | No | ||||
| 1 | If there is an equipment authorization waiver associated with this application, has the associated waiver been approved and all information uploaded? | No | ||||
| app s | Test Firm Name and Contact Information | |||||
| 1 | Firm Name |
Intertek Testing Services Taiwan Ltd.
|
||||
| 1 | Name |
A******** L****
|
||||
| 1 | Telephone Number |
886-3******** Extension:
|
||||
| 1 | Fax Number |
886-3********
|
||||
| 1 |
a******@intertek.com
|
|||||
| Equipment Specifications | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Line | Rule Parts | Grant Notes | Lower Frequency | Upper Frequency | Power Output | Tolerance | Emission Designator | Microprocessor Number | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 1 | 15C | MO | 2412.00000000 | 2462.00000000 | 0.9601700 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
some individual PII (Personally Identifiable Information) available on the public forms may be redacted, original source may include additional details
This product uses the FCC Data API but is not endorsed or certified by the FCC