FCC ID: GZ53347W Wireless ADSL Router

 

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Cayman 3300 Series Gateways by Netopia May 2003 Disclaimers Copyright ' 2003 Netopia, Inc. All rights reserved, Printed in the USA. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. The statements, congurations, technical data, and recom-

mendations in this document are believed to be accurate and reliable, but are presented without express or implied warranty. Users must take full responsibility for the applications of any products specied in this document. Portions of this software are subject to the Mozilla Public License Version 1.1. Portions created by Netscape are copyright 1994-2000 Netscape Communications Corporation. You may obtain a copy of the license at http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/. Software distributed under the License is distributed on an as is basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specic language governing rights and limitations under the License. Portions of this software copyright 1988, 1991 by Carnegie Mellon University. All rights reserved. Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copy-

right notice and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of Carnegie Mellon University not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without specic, written prior permission. CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WAR-

RANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL CMU BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT, OR CONSE-

QUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE, OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. The information in this document is proprietary to Netopia, Inc. Trademarks Netopia, Cayman, and Making Broadband Work are registered trademarks of Netopia, Inc. All rights reserved. Ethernet is a registered trademark of Xerox Corporation. Microsoft and Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Mention of third-party products is for informational purposes only and constitutes neither an endorsement nor a recommendation. Netopia assumes no responsibility with regard to the performance or use of these products. Statement of Conditions In the interest of improving internal design, operational function, and /or reliability, Netopia, Inc. reserves the right to make changes to the products described in this document without notice.

, Inc. does not assume any liability that may occur due to the use or application of the product(s) or network con-

Netopia figurations described herein. Netopia, Inc. Part Number: 616XXXX-00-01d1 2 Table of Contents Table of Contents Disclaimers

. 2 CHAPTER 1 Introduction

. 9 About Cayman Documentation

. 9 Intended Audience . 10 Documentation Conventions

. 11

. 11

. 11

. 12

. 12

. 13

. 14

. 15 Organization Overview of Major Capabilities A Word About Example Screens General Internal Web Interface Command Line Interface Text CHAPTER 2 Basic Mode Setup

. 17 Important Safety Instructions POWER SUPPLY INSTALLATION TELECOMMUNICATION INSTALLATION Set up the Cayman Gateway Configure the Cayman Gateway Cayman Gateway Status Indicator Lights Home Page - Basic Mode

. 18

. 18

. 18

. 19

. 21

. 24

. 25 Manage My Account . 27 Status Details . 28 Enable Remote Management . 29 Expert Mode . 30 Update Firmware . 31 Factory Reset . 32 3 Table of Contents CHAPTER 3 Expert Mode

. 33 Security Management Simplified Local Area Network Setup Overview of Major Capabilities Wide Area Network Termination

. 33

. 34 PPPoE/PPPoA (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet/ATM) . 34 Instant-On PPP . 35

. 36 DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) Server . 36 DNS Proxy . 36

. 37 Embedded Web Server . 37 Diagnostics . 37

. 38 Remote Access Control . 38 Password Protection . 38 Network Address Translation (NAT) . 38 Cayman Advanced Features for NAT . 40 Internal Servers . 41 Pinholes . 41 Default Server . 42 Combination NAT Bypass Configuration . 42 VPN IPSec Pass Through . 42 Access the Web Interface . 44

. 44

. 46

. 47

. 48

. 49 Breadcrumb Trail . 49

. 50 Alert Symbol . 51

. 52

. 53

. 53 How to Use the Quickstart Page . 53 Configure -> Quickstart. 53 Setup Your Gateway using a PPP Connection . 53

. 55 LAN Configure -> LAN . 55

. 64 WAN Configure -> WAN . 64 Open the Web Connection Home Page - Expert Mode Home Page - Information Toolbar Navigating the Web Interface Help Configure Quickstart Restart 4 Table of Contents

. 67 Advanced Advanced. 68 IP Static Routes. 68 IP Static ARP. 68 Pinholes. 69 Configure Specific Pinholes . 70 Planning for Your Pinholes . 70 Example: A LAN Requiring Three Pinholes . 70 Pinhole Configuration Procedure . 73 IPMaps . 76

. 77 Configure the IPMaps Feature What are IPMaps and how are they used? . 77 What types of servers are supported by IPMaps? . 78 Can I use IPMaps with my PPPoE or PPPoA connection? . 78 Will IPMaps allow IP addresses from different subnets to be assigned to my Gateway? . 78 Default Server . 80 Configure a Default Server . 80 Typical Network Diagram . 82 NAT Combination Application . 83 IP-Passthrough . 83 A restriction . 84 DNS . 85 DHCP Server. 85 SNMP . 86 Advanced -> Ethernet Bridge . 88

. 89 Configuring for Bridge Mode Stateful Inspection. 93

. 94 Exposed Addresses

. 97 Stateful Inspection Options System. 98 Syslog Parameters . 99 Internal Servers . 101 Software Hosting . 102

. 103 Rename a User(PC) Clear Options. 104

. 106 Security Passwords . 106 Create and Change Passwords . 107 Firewall . 109 BreakWater Basic Firewall . 109 IPSec . 113 Security Log. 114

. 118 Install 5 Table of Contents Install Software . 119 Updating Your Gateways CaymanOS Version . 119

. 120 Task 1: Required Files

. 120 Task 2: CaymanOS Image File Install Keys . 124

. 124 Use Cayman Software Feature Keys CHAPTER 4 Basic Troubleshooting

. 129

. 130 Status Indicator Lights Factory Reset Switch . 137 CHAPTER 5 Advanced Troubleshooting

. 139

. 140 Home Page

. 142 Expert Mode Ports: Ethernet . 143 Ports: DSL . 144 DSL: Circuit Configuration . 145 System Log: Entire . 146 CHAPTER 6 Command Line Interface

. 151 Logging In Ending a CLI Session Saving Settings Using the CLI Help Facility About SHELL Commands Overview . 152 Starting and Ending a CLI Session . 154

. 154

. 154

. 155

. 155

. 156

. 156

. 156

. 157

. 157

. 166

. 168

. 168

. 168 CONFIG Mode Prompt Navigating the CONFIG Hierarchy SHELL Prompt SHELL Command Shortcuts Common Commands DSL Commands About CONFIG Commands SHELL Commands 6 Table of Contents CONFIG Commands DSL Commands Bridging Settings DHCP Settings DMT Settings Domain Name System Settings IP Settings Entering Commands in CONFIG Mode Guidelines: CONFIG Commands Displaying Current Gateway Settings Step Mode: A CLI Configuration Technique Validating Your Configuration

. 170

. 171

. 172

. 172

. 173

. 174

. 174 ATM Settings . 174

. 176

. 177

. 179

. 179

. 180 IP-over-PPP Settings . 184 Static ARP Settings . 187

. 193

. 194

. 194

. 196 Configuring Basic PPP Settings . 196 Configuring Port Authentication . 199

. 200 Command Line Interface Preference Settings

. 201 Port Renumbering Settings

. 202 Security Settings

. 202 SNMP Settings

. 204 System Settings

. 207 Syslog Wireless Settings (supported models). 207 IPMaps Settings Network Address Translation (NAT) Default Settings Network Address Translation (NAT) Pinhole Settings PPPoE Settings CHAPTER 7 Glossary . 211 CHAPTER 8 Technical Specifications and Safety Information . 231 Description

. 231 Dimensions: . 231 Communications interfaces: . 231 Power requirements . 232 Environment . 232 Operating temperature: . 232 Storage temperature: . 232 7 Table of Contents Agency approvals Relative storage humidity: . 232 Software and protocols. 232 Software media: . 232 Routing: . 232 WAN support: . 232 Security: . 232 Management/configuration methods: . 232 Diagnostics: . 232

. 233 Regulatory notices . 233 European Community. . 233

. 234 United States . 234 Service requirements . 235 Canada . 235 Important Safety Instructions

. 237 FCC Part 68 Information . 238 FCC Requirements . 238 FCC Statements . 238

. 240 Index . 241 Manufacturers Declaration of Conformance Electrical Safety Advisory 8 About Cayman Documentation CHAPTER 1 Introduction About Cayman Documentation NOTE:

This guide describes the wide variety of features and functionality of the Cayman Gateway, when used in Router mode. The Cayman Gateway may also be delivered in Bridge mode. In Bridge mode, the Gateway acts as a pass-through device and allows the work-

stations on your LAN to have public addresses directly on the Internet. Netopia, Inc. provides a suite of technical information for its Cayman-series family of intelligent enterprise and consumer Gateways. It consists of:

Software User Guide Dedicated Quickstart guides 9 Specic White Papers The documents are available in electronic form as Portable Document For-

mat (PDF) les. They are viewed (and printed) from Adobe Acrobat Reader, Exchange, or any other application that supports PDF les. They are downloadable from Netopias website:

http://www.netopia.com/

Intended Audience This guide is targeted primarily to residential service subscribers. Expert Mode sections may also be of use to the support staffs of broad-

band service providers and advanced residential service subscribers. See Expert Mode on page 33. 10 Documentation Conventions Documentation Conventions General This manual uses the following conventions to present information:

Convention (Typeface) Description bold italic monospaced bold italic sans serif terminal bold terminal Italic Menu commands Web GUI page links and button names Computer display text User-entered text Italic type indicates the complete titles of manuals. Internal Web Interface Convention (Graphics) dot-dashed rectangle or line solid rounded rectangle with an arrow Description Denotes an excerpt from a Web page or the visual truncation of a Web page Denotes an area of emphasis on a Web page 11 Command Line Interface Syntax conventions for the Cayman Gateway command line interface are as follows:

Convention Description straight ([ ]) brackets in cmd line curly ({ }) brackets, with values separated with vertical bars (|). bold terminal type face italic terminal type face Optional command arguments Alternative values for an argument are presented in curly ({ }) brackets, with values separated with vertical bars (|). User-entered text Variables for which you supply your own values Text The words Cayman Gateway and Gateway refer to the Netopia Cayman Gateway. The expressions Release 7.2 and R 7.2 refer to the most recent gener-

ally available Cayman Operating System. 12 Organization Organization This guide consists of eight chapters, including a glossary, and an index. It is organized as follows:

Chapter 1, Introduction Describes the Cayman document suite, the purpose of, the audience for, and structure of this guide. It gives a table of conventions and presents a product description summary. Chapter 2, Basic Mode Setup Describes how to get up and run-

ning with your Cayman Gateway. Chapter 3, Expert Mode Focuses on the Expert Mode Web-

based user interface for advanced users. It is organized in the same way as the Web UI is organized. As you go through each section, functions and procedures are discussed in detail. Chapter 4, Basic Troubleshooting Gives some simple sugges-

tions for troubleshooting problems with your Gateways initial congura-

tion. Chapter 5, Advanced Troubleshooting Gives suggestions and descriptions of expert tools to use to troubleshoot your Gateways cong-

uration. Chapter 6, Command Line Interface Describes all the current text-based commands for both the SHELL and CONFIG modes. A sum-

mary table and individual command examples for each mode is provided. Chapter 7, Glossary Chapter 8, Technical Specications and Safety Information Index 13 Overview of Major Capabilities The Netopia Gateway offers simplied setup and management features as well as advanced broadband router capabilities. The following are some of the main features of the Netopia Gateway:

Wide Area Network Termination The Gateway combines a traditional modem with an Internet router. It translates protocols used on the Internet to protocols used by home personal computers and eliminates the need for special desktop software (i.e. PPPoE client). Simplied Local Area Network Setup Built-in DHCP and DNS proxy features minimize or eliminate the need to pro-

gram any network conguration into your home personal computer. Management A Web server built into the Cayman Operating System makes setup and mainte-

nance easy using standard browsers. Diagnostic tools facilitate troubleshoot-

ing. Security Network Address Translation (NAT), password protection, and other built-in security features prevent unauthorized remote access to your network. Pin-

holes, default server, and other features permit access to computers on your home network that you can specify. Technical details are discussed in Expert Mode on page 33. 14 A Word About Example Screens A Word About Example Screens This manual contains many example screen illustrations. Since Netopia Cayman Series Gateways offer a wide variety of features and functionality, the example screens shown may not appear exactly the same for your par-

ticular Gateway or setup as they appear in this manual. The example screens are for illustrative and explanatory purposes, and should not be construed to represent your own unique environment. 15 16 CHAPTER 2 Basic Mode Setup Most users will nd that the basic Quickstart conguration is all that they ever need to use. This section may be all that you ever need to congure and use your Cayman Gateway. The following instructions cover installation in Router Mode. This section covers:

Important Safety Instructions on page 18 Set up the Cayman Gateway on page 19 Congure the Cayman Gateway on page 21 Cayman Gateway Status Indicator Lights on page 24 Home Page - Basic Mode on page 25 17 Important Safety Instructions POWER SUPPLY INSTALLATION Connect the power supply cord to the power jack on the Cayman Gateway. Plug the power supply into an appropriate electrical outlet. CAUTION:

The Cayman Gateway is designed for use only with a UL Listed or CSA Certied Class 2 power supply or Limited Power Source, rated 12VDC, 1A. Do not substitute other non-approved power sources. USB-powered models: For Use with Listed I.T.E. Only TELECOMMUNICATION INSTALLATION When using your telephone equipment, basic safety precautions should always be followed to reduce the risk of re, electric shock and injury to per-

sons, including the following:

Do not use this product near water, for example, near a bathtub, wash bowl, kitchen sink or laundry tub, in a wet basement or near a swimming pool. Avoid using a telephone (other than a cordless type) during an electrical storm. There may be a remote risk of electrical shock from lightning. Do not use the telephone to report a gas leak in the vicinity of the leak. SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS 18 Set up the Cayman Gateway Set up the Cayman Gateway Refer to your Quickstart Guide for instructions on how to connect your Cay-

man gateway to your power source, PC or local area network, and your Inter-

net access point, whether it is a dedicated DSL outlet or a DSL or cable modem. Different Cayman Gateway models are supplied for any of these connections. Be sure to enable Dynamic Addressing on your PC. Perform the following:

Windows 95, 98 and ME Right-Click on the Network Neighborhood icon on your Windows desk-

top and select Properties from the pull-down menu. In the list of network components, highlight the entry that says TCP/IP ([your Ethernet card here]). Click the Properties button. Click the Obtain an IP address automatically radio button. Click the DNS Conguration tab. Click the Disable DNS radio button. Click the Gateway tab and remove any installed Gateways. Click the OK button twice. When prompted, restart your PC. Proceed to Congure the Cayman Gateway on page 21. Windows 2000 and XP Right Click on the My Network Places icon on your Windows desktop and select Properties. Select your Local Area Connection. Right click on your Local Area Connection and select Properties. Select Internet Protocol [TCP/IP]. Click the Properties button. Click the Obtain IP address automatically radio button and the Obtain DNS server address automatically radio button. Click the OK button. 19 Proceed to Congure the Cayman Gateway on page 21. Macintosh Mac OS Your Macintosh must be using MacOS 7.6.1 or higher. Select Control Panels from the Apple Menu. Open the TCP/IP Control Panel. Choose Connect via Ethernet. Choose Congure Using DHCP Server. Close and Save. You do not have to restart the Macintosh. Launch your Web browser, such as Netscape Navigator or Internet Explorer. Proceed to Congure the Cayman Gateway on page 21. Mac OS X Launch System Preferences from the Dock or from the Apple Menu. Select the Network Preference Pane. Choose Show: Built-in Ethernet. Click the TCP/IP tab. Choose Congure: Using DHCP. Quit System Preferences. You do not have to restart the Macintosh. Launch your Web browser, such as Netscape Navigator or Internet Explorer. Proceed to Congure the Cayman Gateway on page 21. 20 Configure the Cayman Gateway Congure the Cayman Gateway 1. Run your Web browser application, such as Netscape Navigator or Microsoft Internet Explorer, from the computer connected to the Cayman Gateway. Enter http://192.168.1.254 in the Location text box. The Admin Password page appears. Access to your Cayman device can be controlled through two access con-

trol accounts, Admin or User. The Admin, or administrative user, performs all conguration, manage-

ment or maintenance operations on the Gateway. The User account provides monitor capability only. A user may NOT change the conguration, perform upgrades or invoke maintenance functions. For the security of your connection, an Admin password must be set on the Cayman unit. 21 The browser then displays the Welcome page. The browser then displays the Quickstart web page. 2. Enter the username and password supplied by your Internet Service Pro-

vider. Click the Connect to the Internet button. Once you enter your username and password here, you will no longer need to enter them whenever you access the Internet. The Cayman Gate-

way stores this information and automatically connects you to the Inter-

net. 22 Configure the Cayman Gateway The Gateway displays a message while it congures itself. 3. When the connection succeeds, your browser will display a success message. Once a connection is established, your browser is redirected to your ser-

vice providers home page or a registration page on the Internet. 4. Congratulations! Your installation is complete. You can now surf to your favorite Web sites by typing an URL in your browsers location box or by selecting one of your favorite Internet bookmarks. 23 Cayman Gateway Status Indicator Lights Colored LEDs on your Cayman Gateway indicate the status of various port activity. Different Gateway models have different ports for your connections and different indicator LEDs. The Quickstart Guide accompanying your Cay-

man Gateway describes the behavior of the various indicator LEDs. Example status indicator lights Status Indicator Lights (LEDs) pia eto n 24 Home Page - Basic Mode Home Page - Basic Mode After you have performed the basic Quickstart conguration, any time you log in to your Cayman Gateway you will access the Cayman Gateway Home Page. You access the Home Page by typing http://192.168.1.254 in your Web browsers location box. The Basic Mode Home Page appears. 25 The Home Page displays the following information in the center section:

Description This is the negotiated address of the Gateways WAN interface. This address is usually dynamically assigned. This is the negotiated address of the remote router to which this Gateway is connected. These are the negotiated DNS addresses. Item Local WAN IP Address Remote Gateway Address Primary DNS Secondary DNS ISP Username This is your PPPoE username as assigned by your service pro-

Status of Connection vider. Waiting for DSL is displayed while the Gateway is training. This should change to Up within two minutes. Up is displayed when the ADSL line is synched and the PPPoE session is established. Serial Number This is the unique serial number of your Gateway. Software Release This is the version number of the current embedded software in your Gateway. Warranty Date This is the date that your Gateway was installed and enabled. Local Area Network (Ethernet) is either Up or Down Ethernet Status USB Status If your Gateway is so equipped, Local Area Network (USB) is either Up or Down The links in the left-hand column on this page allow you to manage or con-

gure several features of your Gateway. Each link is described in its own section. 26 Home Page - Basic Mode Link: Manage My Account You can change your ISP account information for the Cayman Gateway. You can also manage other aspects of your account on your service providers account management Web site. Click on the Manage My Account link. The Manage My Account page appears. Enter your username, and then your new password. Conrm your new pass-

word. For security, your actual passwords are not displayed on the screen as you type. You must enter the new password twice to be sure you have typed it correctly. Click the Submit button. Click the Continue button. You will be taken to your service providers Web site account management page. 27 Link: Status Details If you need to diagnose any problems with your Cayman Gateway or its con-

nection to the Internet, you can run a sophisticated diagnostic tool. It checks several aspects of your physical and electronic connection and reports its results on-screen. This can be useful for troubleshooting, or when speaking with a technical support technician. Click on the Status Details link. The Diagnostics page appears. Click on the Run Diagnostics button to run your diagnostic tests. For a detailed description of these tests, see Diagnostics on page 147. 28 Home Page - Basic Mode Link: Enable Remote Management This link allows you to authorize a remotely-located person, such as a sup-

port technician, to directly access your Cayman Gateway. This is useful for xing conguration problems when you need expert help. You can limit the amount of time such a person will have access to your Gateway. This will prevent unauthorized individuals from gaining access after the time limit has expired. Click the Enable Rmt Mgmt link. The Enable Remote Management page appears. Since youve already has entered an Admin password, you can use that Admin password or enter a new password. If you enter a new password, it becomes the temporary Admin password. After the time-out period has expired, the Admin password reverts to the original Admin password you entered. 29 Enter a temporary password for the person you want to authorize, and con-

rm it by typing it again. You can select a time-out period for this password, from 5 to 30 minutes, from the pull-down menu. Be sure to tell the autho-

rized person what the password is, and for how long the time-out is set. Click the Submit button. Link: Expert Mode Most users will nd that the basic Quickstart conguration is all that they ever need to use. Some users, however, may want to do more advanced conguration. The Cayman Gateway has many advanced features that can be accessed and congured through the Expert Mode pages. Click on the Expert Mode link to display the Expert Mode Conrmation page. You should carefully consider any conguration changes you want to make, and be sure that your service provider supports them. Once you click the OK button you will be taken to the Expert Mode Home Page. 30 Home Page - Basic Mode The Expert Mode Home Page is the main access point for conguring and managing the advanced features of your Gateway. See Expert Mode on page 33 for information. Link: Update Firmware Periodically, the embedded rmware in your Gateway may be updated to improve the operation or add new features. Your gateway includes its own onboard installation capability. Your service provider may inform you when new rmware is available, or you can check for yourself. Click the Update Firmware link. The Firmware Update Conrmation page appears. If you click the Continue button, the Gateway will check a remote Firmware Server for the latest rmware revision. If a newer version is found, your rm-

ware will be automatically updated. 31 Link: Factory Reset In some cases, you may need to clear all the conguration settings and start over again to program the Cayman Gateway. You can perform a factory reset to do this. Click on Factory Reset to reset the Gateway back to its original factory default settings. NOTE:

Exercise caution before performing a Factory Reset. This will erase any conguration changes that you may have made and allow you to reprogram your Gateway. 32 Overview of Major Capabilities CHAPTER 3 Expert Mode Using the Expert Mode Web-based user interface for the Netopia Cayman-

series Gateway you can congure, troubleshoot, and monitor the status of your Gateway. Overview of Major Capabilities Wide Area Network Termination on page 34 The Gateway combines a traditional modem with an Internet router. It translates protocols used on the Internet to protocols used by home personal computers and eliminates the need for special desktop software (i.e. PPPoE). Simplied Local Area Network Setup on page 36 Built-in DHCP and DNS proxy features minimize or eliminate the need to pro-

gram any network conguration into your home personal computer. 33 Management on page 37 A Web server built into the Cayman Operating System makes setup and mainte-

nance easy using standard browsers. Diagnostic tools facilitate troubleshoot-

ing. Security on page 38 Network Address Translation (NAT), password protection, and other built-in security features prevent unauthorized remote access to your network. Pin-

holes, default server, and other features permit access to computers on your home network that you can specify. Wide Area Network Termination PPPoE/PPPoA (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet/ATM). The PPPoE specication, incorporating the PPP and Ethernet standards, allows your computer(s) to connect to your Service Providers network through your Ethernet WAN connection. The Cayman-series Gateway supports PPPoE/

PPPoA, eliminating the need to install PPPoE client software on any LAN computers. Service Providers may require the use of PPP authentication protocols such as Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP) or Password Authentication Protocol (PAP). CHAP and PAP use a username and password pair to authenticate users with a PPP server. A CHAP authentication process works as follows:

1. The password is used to scramble a challenge string. 2. The password is a shared secret, known by both peers. 3. The unit sends the scrambled challenge back to the peer. PAP, a less robust method of authentication, sends a username and pass-

word to a PPP server to be authenticated. PAPs username and password pair are not encrypted, and are therefore sent unscrambled. 34 Overview of Major Capabilities Instant-On PPP. You can congure your Gateway for one of two types of Internet connections:

Always On Instant On These selections provide either an uninterrupted Internet connection or an as-needed connection. While an Always On connection is convenient, it does leave your network permanently connected to the Internet, and therefore potentially vulnerable to attacks. Cayman's Instant On technology furnishes almost all the benets of an Always-On connection while providing two additional security benets:

Your network cannot be attacked when it is not connected. Your network may change address with each connection making it more difcult to attack. When you congure Instant On access, you can also congure an idle time-

out value. Your Gateway monitors trafc over the Internet link and when there has been no trafc for the congured number of seconds, it discon-

nects the link. When new trafc that is destined for the Internet arrives at the Gateway, the Gateway will instantly re-establish the link. Your service provider may be using a system that assigns the Internet address of your Gateway out of a pool of many possible Internet addresses. The address assigned varies with each connection attempt, which makes your network a moving target for any attacker. 35 Simplied Local Area Network Setup DHCP (Dynamic Host Conguration Protocol) Server. DHCP Server functionality enables the Gateway to assign to your LAN computer(s) a pri-

vate IP address and other parameters that allow network communication. The default DHCP Server conguration of the Gateway supports up to 253 LAN IP addresses. This feature simplies network administration because the Gateway main-

tains a list of IP address assignments. Additional computers can be added to your LAN without the hassle of conguring an IP address. DNS Proxy. Domain Name System (DNS) provides end users with the abil-

ity to look for devices or web sites by typing their names, rather than IP addresses. For web surfers, this technology allows you to enter the URL

(Universal Resource Locator) as text to surf to a desired website. The Cayman DNS Proxy feature allows the LAN-side IP address of the Gate-

way to be used for proxying DNS requests from hosts on the LAN to the DNS Servers congured in the gateway. This is accomplished by having the Gateway's LAN address handed out as the DNS Server to the DHCP cli-

ents on the LAN. 36 Overview of Major Capabilities NOTE:

The Cayman DNS Proxy only proxies UDP DNS queries, not TCP DNS queries. Management Embedded Web Server. There is no specialized software to install on your PC to congure, manage, or maintain your Cayman Gateway. Web pages embedded in the operating system provide access to the following Gateway operations:

Setup System and security logs Diagnostics functions Once you have removed your Cayman Gateway from its packing container and powered the unit up, use any LAN attached PC or workstation running a common web browser application to congure and monitor the Gateway. Diagnostics. In addition to the Gateways visual LED indicator lights, you can run an extensive set of diagnostic tools from your Web browser. Two of the facilities are:

Automated Multi-Layer Test The Run Diagnostics link initiates a sequence of tests. They examine the entire functionality of the Gateway, from the physical connections to the data trafc. Network Test Tools Three test tools to determine network reachability are available:

37 Ping - tests the reachability of a particular network destination by sending an ICMP echo request and waiting for a reply. NSLookup - converts a domain name to its IP address and vice versa. TraceRoute - displays the path to a destination by showing the number of hops and the router addresses of these hops. The system log also provides diagnostic information. NOTE:

Your Service Provider may request information that you acquire from these various diagnostic tools. Individual tests may be per-

formed at the command line. (See Command Line Interface on page 151.). Security Remote Access Control. You can determine whether or not an administra-

tor or other authorized person has access to conguring your Gateway. This access can be turned on or off in the Web interface. Password Protection. Access to your Cayman device can be controlled through two access control accounts, Admin or User. The Admin, or administrative user, performs all conguration, manage-

ment or maintenance operations on the Gateway. The User account provides monitor capability only. A user may NOT change the conguration, perform upgrades or invoke maintenance functions. Network Address Translation (NAT). The Cayman Gateway Network Address Translation (NAT) security feature lets you conceal the topology of a 38 Overview of Major Capabilities hard-wired Ethernet or wireless network connected to its LAN interface from routers on networks connected to its WAN interface. In other words, the end computer stations on your LAN are invisible from the Internet. Only a single WAN IP address is required to provide this security support for your entire LAN. LAN sites that communicate through an Internet Service Provider typically enable NAT, since they usually purchase only one IP address from the ISP. When NAT is ON, the Cayman Gateway proxies for the end computer stations on your network by pretending to be the originating host for net-

work communications from non-originating networks. The WAN interface address is the only IP address exposed. The Cayman Gateway tracks which local hosts are communicating with which remote hosts. It routes packets received from remote networks to the correct computer on the LAN (Ethernet) interface. When NAT is OFF, a Cayman Gateway acts as a traditional TCP/IP router, all LAN computers/devices are exposed to the Internet. A diagram of a typical NAT-enabled LAN follows:

39 Internet Cayman Gateway WAN Ethernet Interface NAT LAN Ethernet Interface NAT-protected LAN stations Embedded Admin Services:

HTTP-Web Server and Telnet Server Port NOTE:

1. The default setting for NAT is ON. 2. Cayman uses Port Address Translation (PAT) to implement the NAT facility. 3. NAT Pinhole trafc (discussed below) is always initiated from the WAN side. Cayman Advanced Features for NAT. Using the NAT facility provides effective LAN security. However, there are user applications that require methods to selectively by-pass this security function for certain types of Internet trafc. 40 Overview of Major Capabilities Cayman Gateways provide special pinhole conguration rules that enable users to establish NAT-protected LAN layouts that still provide exible by-

pass capabilities. Some of these rules require coordination with the units embedded admin-

istration services: the internal Web (HTTP) Port (TCP 80) and the internal Telnet Server Port (TCP 23). Internal Servers. The internal servers are the embedded Web and Telnet servers of the Gateway. You would change the internal server ports for Web and Telnet of the Gateway if you wanted to have these services on the LAN using pinholes or the Default server. Pinhole conguration rules provide an internal port forwarding facility that enables you to eliminate conicts with embedded administrative ports 80 and 23. Pinholes. This feature allows you to:

Transparently route selected types of network trafc using the port for-

warding facility. FTP requests or HTTP (Web) connections are directed to a specic host on your LAN. Setup multiple pinhole paths. Up to 32 paths are supported Identify the type(s) of trafc you want to redirect by port number. Common TCP/IP protocols and ports are:

FTP (TCP 21) SMTP (TCP 25) SNMP (TCP 161, UDP 161) telnet (TCP 23) HTTP (TCP 80) See page 70 for How To instructions. 41 Default Server. This feature allows you to:

Direct your Gateway to forward all externally initiated IP trafc (TCP and UDP protocols only) to a default host on the LAN. Enable it for certain situations:

Where you cannot anticipate what port number or packet protocol an in-

bound application might use. For example, some network games select arbitrary port numbers when a connection is opened. When you want all unsolicited trafc to go to a specic LAN host. Combination NAT Bypass Conguration. Specic pinholes and Default Server settings, each directed to different LAN devices, can be used together. WARNING:

Creating a pinhole or enabling a Default Server allows inbound access to the specied LAN station. Contact your Network Admin-

istrator for LAN security questions. VPN IPSec Pass Through. This Cayman service supports your indepen-

dent VPN client software in a transparent manner. Cayman has imple-

mented an Application Layer Gateway (ALG) to support multiple PCs running IP Security protocols. This feature has three elements:

1. On power up or reset, the address mapping function (NAT) of the Gate-

ways WAN conguration is turned on by default. 42 Overview of Major Capabilities 2. When you use your third-party VPN application, the Gateway recognizes the trafc from your client and your unit. It allows the packets to pass through the NAT protection layer via the encrypted IPSec tunnel. 3. The encrypted IPSec tunnel is established through the Gateway. A typical VPN IPSec Tunnel pass through is diagrammed below:

Cayman Gateway NOTE:

Typically, no special conguration is necessary to use the IPSec pass through feature. In the diagram, VPN PC clients are shown behind the Cayman Gateway and the secure server is at Corporate Headquarters across the WAN. You cannot have your secure server behind the Cayman Gateway. When multiple PCs are starting IPSec sessions, they must be started one at a time to allow the associations to be created and mapped. 43 Access the Web Interface Open the Web Connection Once your Gateway is powered up, you can use any recent version of the best-known web browsers such as Netscape Navigator or Microsoft Internet Explorer from any LAN-attached PC or workstation. The procedure is:

1. Enter the name or IP address of your Cayman Gateway in the Web 2. browser's window and press Return. For example, you would enter http://192.168.1.254. If an administrator or user password has been assigned to the Cayman Gateway, enter Admin or User as the username and the appropriate pass-

word and click OK. The Basic Mode Home Page opens. 3. Click on the Expert Mode link in the left-hand column of links. 44 Access the Web Interface You are challenged to conrm your choice. Click OK. The Home Page opens in Expert Mode. 45 Home Page - Expert Mode The Home Page is the summary page for your Cayman Gateway. The toolbar at the top provides links to controlling, conguring, and monitoring pages. Critical conguration and operational status is displayed in the center sec-

tion. 46 Access the Web Interface Home Page - Information The Home pages center section contains a summary of the Gateways conguration settings and operational status. Field Status and/or Description Summary Information General Information Hardware Serial Number Software Version Product ID Model number and summary specication Unique serial number, located on label attached to bottom of unit Release and build number of running Cayman Operating System. Refers to internal circuit board series; useful in determining which software upgrade applies to your hardware type. Status Data Rate (Kbps) Local Address Peer Address Connection Type NAT WAN Users IP Address Netmask DHCP Server DHCP Leases DNS WAN Wide Area Network is either Up or Down Once connected, displays DSL speed rate, Downstream and Upstream IP address assigned to the WAN port. The IP address of the gateway to which the connection defaults. If doing DHCP, this info will be acquired. If doing PPP, this info will be negotiated. May be either Instant On or Always On. On or Off. ON if using Network Address Translation to share the IP address across many LAN users. Displays the number of users allotted and the total number available for use. LAN Internal IP address of the Cayman Gateway. Denes the IP subnet for the LAN Default is 255.255.255.0 for a Class C device On or Off. ON if using DHCP to get IP addresses for your LAN client machines. A lease is held by each LAN client that has obtained an IP address through DHCP. The default IP address of the current DNS server, if not specied. 0.0.0.0 means that the gateway address is supplied from the WAN. 47 Toolbar The toolbar is the dark blue bar at the top of the page containing the major navigation buttons. These buttons are available from almost every page, allowing you to move freely about the site. Home Congure Troubleshoot Quickstart LAN WAN Advanced System Status Network Tools Diagnostics Security Passwords Firewall IPSec Security Log Install Restart Help Install Key Install Software 48 Navigating the Web Interface Navigating the Web Interface Link: Breadcrumb Trail The breadcrumb trail is built in the light brown area beneath the toolbar. As you navigate down a path within the site, the trail is built from left to right. To return anywhere along the path from which you came, click on one of the links. 49 Restart Button: Restart The Restart button on the toolbar allows you to restart the Gateway at any time. You will be prompted to conrm the restart before any action is taken. The Restart Conrmation message explains the consequences of and rea-

sons for restarting the Gateway. 50 Restart Link: Alert Symbol The Alert symbol appears in the upper right corner if you make a database change; one in which a change is made to the Gateways conguration. The Alert serves as a reminder that you must Save the changes and Restart the Gateway before the change will take effect. You can make many changes on various pages, and even leave the browser for up to 8 minutes, but if the Gateway is restarted before the changes are applied, they will be lost. When you click on the Alert symbol, the Save Changes page appears. Here you can select various options to save or discard these changes. If more than one Alert is triggered, you will need to take action to clear the rst Alert before you can see the second Alert. 51 Help Button: Help Context-sensitive Help is provided in CaymanOS. The page shown here is displayed when you are on the Home page or other transitional pages. To see a context help page example, go to Security -> Passwords, then click Help. 52 Configure Congure Button: Congure The Conguration options are presented in the order of likelihood you will need to use them. Quickstart is typically accessed during the hardware installation and initial conguration phase. Often, these settings should be changed only in accordance with information from your Service Provider. LAN and WAN settings are available to ne-tune your system. Advanced provides some special capabilities typically used for gaming or small ofce environments, or where LAN-side servers are involved. This button will not be available if you log on as User. Quickstart How to Use the Quickstart Page. Quickstart is normally used immedi-

ately after the new hardware is installed. When you are rst conguring your Gateway, Quickstart appears rst.

(Once you have congured your Gateway, logging on displays the Home page. Thereafter, if you need to use Quickstart, choose it from the Expert Mode Congure menu.) Link: Congure -> Quickstart Setup Your Gateway using a PPP Connection. This example screen is the for a PPP Quickstart conguration. Your gate-

way authenticates with the Service Provider equipment using the ISP User-

53 name and Password. These values are given to you by your Service Provider. 1. Enter your ISP Username and ISP Password. 2. Click Connect to the Internet. A brief message is displayed while the Gateway attempts to establish a con-

nection. 3. When the connection succeeds, your browser will display your Service Providers home page. If you encounter any problems connecting, refer to the chapters Basic Troubleshooting on page 129 or Advanced Troubleshooting on page 139. 54 Configure LAN Link: Congure -> LAN

* Enable Interface: Enables all LAN-connected computers to share resources and to connect to the WAN. The Interface should always be enabled unless you are instructed to disable it by your Service Provider dur-

ing troubleshooting.

* IP Address: The LAN IP Address of the Gateway. The IP Address you assign to your LAN interface must not be used by another device on your LAN network.

* IP Netmask: Species the subnet mask for the TCP/IP network con-

nected to the virtual circuit. The subnet mask species which bits of the 32-

bit binary IP address represent network information. The default subnet mask for most networks is 255.255.255.0 (Class C subnet mask.) 55

* Restrictions: Species whether an administrator can open a Web Admin-

istrator or Telnet connection to the Gateway over the LAN interface in order to monitor and congure the Gateway. On the LAN Interface, you can enable or disable administrator access. By default, administrative restrictions are turned off, meaning an administrator can open a Web Administrator or Tel-

net connection through the LAN Interface. Advanced: Clicking on the Advanced link displays the Advanced LAN IP Interface page. IGMP Forwarding: The default setting is Disabled. If you check this option, it will enable Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) multi-

cast forwarding. IGMP allows a router to determine which host groups have members on a given network segment. RIP Send Mode: Species whether the gateway should use Routing Information Protocol (RIP) broadcasts to advertise its routing tables to other routers on your network. You may choose from the following proto-

cols:

RIP-1: Routing Information Protocol version 1 RIP-2: RIP Version 2 is an extension of the original Routing Information Protocol (RIP-1) that expands the amount of useful information in the RIP packets. While RIP-1 and RIP-2 share the same basic algorithms, RIP-2 supports several new features, including inclusion of subnet masks in RIP packets and implementation of multicasting instead of broadcasting

(which reduces the load on hosts which do not support routing protocols. 56 Configure RIP-1 compatibility: Compatible with RIP version 1 RIP-2 with MD5: MD5 authentication is an extension of RIP-2 that increases security by requiring an authentication key when routes are advertised. RIP MD5 Key: Secret password when using RIP-2 with MD5. RIP Receive Mode: Species whether the Gateway should use Routing Information Protocol (RIP) broadcasts to update its routing tables with information received from other routers on your network. The protocol choices are the same as for the RIP send mode. DHCP Server: Your Gateway can provide network conguration informa-

tion to computers on your LAN, using the Dynamic Host Conguration Proto-

col (DHCP). If you already have a DHCP server on your LAN, you should turn this service off. If you want the Gateway to provide this service, click the Server Mode pull-

down menu, choose Server, then congure the range of IP addresses that you would like the Gateway to hand out to your computers. You can also specify the length of time the computers can use the congu-

ration information; DHCP calls this period the lease time. 57 Your Service Provider may, for certain services, want to provide congura-

tion from its DHCP servers to the computers on your LANs. In this case, the Gateway will relay the DHCP requests from your computers to a DHCP server in the Service Provider's network. Click the relay-agent and enter the IP address of the Service Provider's DHCP server in the Server Address eld. This address is furnished by the Service Provider. Wireless: If your Gateway is a wireless model (such as a 3347W) you can enable or disable the wireless LAN by clicking the Wireless link. When Wire-

less Options are disabled, the Gateway will not provide or broadcast any wireless LAN services. If you check the Enable Wireless checkbox, the screen expands to the fol-

lowing:

Wireless ID (ESSID): Enter a freeform name of up to 32 characters. This is used to identify the wireless LAN. Users must select or enter this name on their clients in order to become a part of this WLAN. On your client PCs software, this might be called Network Name or SSID. 58 Configure You can then congure:

Default Channel: (1 through 11) on which the network will broadcast. This is a frequency range within the 2.4Ghz band. Channel selection depends on government regulated radio frequencies that vary from region to region. The widest range available is from 1 to 14. However, in North America only 1 to 11 may be selected. Channel selection can have a signicant impact on performance, depending on other wireless activity close to this Gateway. Channel selection is not necessary at the client computers; the clients will scan the available channels seeking access points using the same ESSID as the client. Enable Closed System Mode: If enabled, Closed System Mode hides the wireless network from the scanning features of wireless client computers. Members of the Closed System WLAN must log onto the network by ESSID and logon credentials; it will not appear in scanned lists of available access points. If disabled, it is more convenient for clients to access your WLAN by scanning available access points. You must decide based on your own net-

work requirements. Enable WEP Encryption: You can provide a level of data security by enabling WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) for encryption of network data. You can enable 40-, 128-, or 256-bit WEP Encryption (depending on the capabil-

ity of your client wireless card) for IP trafc on your LAN. You select a single key for encryption of outbound trafc. The WEP-enabled client must have an identical key of the same length, in the identical slot (1 4) as the Gateway, in order to successfully receive and decrypt the trafc. Similarly, the client also has a default key that it uses to encrypt its trans-

missions. In order for the Gateway to receive the clients data, it must like-

wise have the identical key of the same length, in the same slot. For simplicity, a Gateway and its clients need only enter, share, and use the rst key. 59 You are strongly encouraged to enable WEP encryption on your wireless LAN. The pull-down menu for enabling WEP offers three settings: Off - No Pri-

vacy, On - Automatic, and On - Manual Entry. Off - No Privacy provides no encryption on your wireless LAN data. 60 Configure On - Automatic is a passphrase generator. When you click the Submit button, the software generates encryption keys automatically. Some cli-

ents may not generate the same keys. Select the Encryption Key Size #1 #4 from their respective pull-down menus. Use WEP encryption key (1 4) # species which key the Gateway will use to encrypt transmitted trafc. The default is key #1. When you click the Submit button, the software generates encryption keys automatically. 61 On - Manual Entry allows you to enter your own encryption keys manu-

ally. This is a difcult process, but only needs to be done once. Avoid the temptation to enter all the same characters. Encryption Key Size #1 #4: Selects the length of each encryption key. The longer the key, the stronger the encryption and the more difcult it is to break the encryption. Encryption Key #1 #4: The encryption keys. You enter keys using hexa-

decimal digits. For 40/64bit encryption, you need ten digits; 26 digits for 128bit, and 58 digits for 256bit WEP. Hexadecimal characters are 0 9, and a f. 62 Configure Examples:

40bit: 02468ACE02 128bit: 0123456789ABCDEF0123456789 256bit: 592CA140F0A238B0C61AE162F592CA140F0A238B0C61AE162F21A09C Use WEP encryption key (1 4) #: Species which key the Gateway will use to encrypt transmitted trafc. The default is key #1. You disable the wireless LAN by unchecking the Enable Wireless checkbox, clicking the Submit button, followed by the Save and Restart link. 63 WAN Link: Congure -> WAN WAN IP Interfaces Your IP interfaces are listed. Click on an interface to congure it. IP Gateway Enable Gateway: You can congure the Gateway to send packets to a default gateway if it does not know how to reach the destination host. Interface Type: If you have PPPoE enabled, you can specify that packets destined for unknown hosts will be sent to the gateway being used by the remote PPP peer. If you select ip-address, you must enter the IP address of a host on a local or remote network to receive the trafc. Default Gateway: The IP Address of the default gateway. 64 Configure Other WAN Options PPPoE: You can enable or disable PPPoE. This link also allows congura-

tion of NAT, admin restrictions, PPPoE username/password, and connec-

tion type. ATM Circuits: You can congure the ATM circuits and the number of Ses-

sions. The IP Interface(s) should be recongured after making changes here. COS Version 7 supports VPI/VCI autodetection. If VPI/VCI autodetection is enabled, the ATM Circuits page displays VPI/VCI = 0. If you congure a new ATM VPI/VCI pair, upon saving and restarting, autodetection is dis-

abled and only the new VPI/VCI pair conguration will be enabled. Autodetection can only be enabled through the CLI. (See Command Line Interface on page 151.) VPI/VCI Autodetection consists of eight static VPI/VCI pair congurations. These are 0/35, 8/35, 0/32, 1/35, 8/32, 1/1, 1/32, 2/32. These eight VPI/VCI pairs will be created if the Gate-

way is congured for autodetection. If the Gateway does not train to any of these precongured VPI/VCI pairs, then you can manually enter a VPI/

VCI pair in the ATM Circuits page. ATM Trafc Shaping: You can prioritize delay-sensitive data by congur-

ing the Quality of Service (QoS) characteristics of the virtual circuit. Click the ATM Trafc Shaping link. 65 You can choose UBR (Unspecied Bit Rate) or CBR (Constant Bit Rate) from the pull-down menu and set the Peak Cell Rate (PCR) in the editable eld. Unspecied Bit Rate (UBR) guarantees no minimum transmission rate. Cells are transmitted on a best effort basis. However, there is a cap on the maximum transmission rate for UBR VCs. In a practical situation:

UBR VCs should be transmitted at a priority lower than CBR. Bandwidth should be shared equally among UBR VCs. UBR applications are non real time trafc such as IP data trafc. Constant Bit Rate (CBR) guarantees a certain transmission rate

(although the application may under utilize this bandwidth). A Peak Cell Rate (PCR) characterizes CBR. CBR is most suited for real time applica-

tions such as real time voice / video. Although it can be used for other applications. Class PCR SCR MBS Transmit Priority Comments UBR CBR X X N/A N/A N/A N/A Low High PCR is a cap PCR is a guaranteed rate 66 Configure Advanced The following are links under Congure -> Advanced:

67 Link: Advanced Selected Advanced options are discussed in the pages that follow. Many are self-explanatory or are dictated by your service provider. Link: IP Static Routes A static route identies a manually congured pathway to a remote network. Unlike dynamic routes, which are acquired and conrmed periodically from other routers, static routes do not time out. Consequently, static routes are useful when working with PPP, since an intermittent PPP link may make maintenance of dynamic routes problematic. You can congure as many as 32 static IP routes for the Gateway. Link: IP Static ARP Your Gateway maintains a dynamic Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) table to map IP addresses to Ethernet (MAC) addresses. It populates this ARP table dynamically, by retrieving IP address/MAC address pairs only when it 68 Configure needs them. Optionally, you can dene static ARP entries to map IP addresses to their corresponding Ethernet MAC addresses. Unlike dynamic ARP table entries, static ARP table entries do not time out. The IP address cannot be 0.0.0.0. The Ethernet MAC address entry is in nn-nn-nn-nn-nn-nn

(hexadecimal) format. Link: Pinholes Pinholes allow you to transparently route selected types of network trafc, such as FTP requests or HTTP (Web) connections, to a specic host behind the Gateway. Creating a pinhole allows access trafc originating from a remote connection (WAN) to be sent to the internal computer (LAN) that is specied in the Pinhole page. Pinholes are common for applications like multiplayer online games. Refer to software manufacturer application documentation for specic trafc types and port numbers. 69 Congure Specic Pinholes. Planning for Your Pinholes. Determine if any of the service applications that you want to provide on your LAN sta-

tions use TCP or UDP protocols. If an application does, then you must con-

gure a pinhole to implement port forwarding. This is accessed from the Advanced -> Pinholes page. Example: A LAN Requiring Three Pinholes . The procedure on the fol-

lowing pages describes how you set up your NAT-enabled Cayman Gateway to support three separate applications. This requires passing three kinds of specic IP trafc through to your LAN. Application 1: You have a Web server located on your LAN behind your Cay-

man Gateway and would like users on the Internet to have access to it. With NAT On, the only externally visible IP address on your network is the Gate-

ways WAN IP (supplied by your Service Provider). All trafc intended for that LAN Web server must be directed to that IP address. Application 2: You want one of your LAN stations to act as the central repository for all email for all of the LAN users. Application 3: One of your LAN stations is specially congured for game applications. You want this specic LAN station to be dedicated to games. A sample table to plan the desired pinholes is:

WAN Trafc Type Protocol Pinhole Name LAN Internal IP Address Web Email Games TCP TCP UDP my-webserver my-mailserver my-games 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.3 For this example, Internet protocols TCP and UDP must be passed through the NAT security feature and the Gateways embedded Web (HTTP) port must be re-assigned by conguring new settings on the Internal Servers page. 70 Configure TIPS for making Pinhole Entries:

1. If the port forwarding feature is required for Web services, ensure that the embedded Web servers port number is re-

assigned PRIOR to any Pinhole data entry. 2. Enter data for one Pinhole at a time. 3. Use a unique name for each Pinhole. If you choose a duplicate name, it will overwrite the previous information without warning. 71 A diagram of this LAN example is:

Internet Gateway WAN Ethernet Interface 210.219.41.20 LAN Ethernet Interface my-webserver 192.168.1.1 NAT my-mailserver 192.168.1.2 Embedded Web Server 210.219.41.20:8100 NAT Pinholes my-games 192.168.1.3 You can also use the LAN-side address of the Gateway, 192.168.1.x:8100 to access the web and telnet server. 72 Configure Pinhole Conguration Procedure. Use the following steps:

1. From the Congure toolbar button -> Advanced link, select the Internal Servers link. Since Port Forwarding is required for this example, the Cayman embed-

ded Web server is congured rst. NOTE:

The two text boxes, Web (HTTP) Server Port and Telnet Server Port, on this page refer to the port numbers of the Cayman Gate-

ways embedded administration ports. To pass Web trafc through to your LAN station(s), select a Web (HTTP) Port number that is greater than 1024. In this example, you choose 8100. 2. Type 8100 in the Web (HTTP) Server Port text box. 3. Click the Submit button. 4. Click Advanced. Select the Pinholes link to go to the Pinhole page. 73 5. Click Add. Type your specic data into the Pinhole Entries table of this page. Click Submit. 6. Click on the Add or Edit more Pinholes link. Click the Add button. Add the next Pinhole. Type the specic data for the second Pinhole. 74 Configure 7. Click on the Add or Edit more Pinholes link. Click the Add button. Add the next Pinhole. Type the specic data for the third Pinhole. NOTE:

Note the following parameters for the my-games Pinhole:

1. The Protocol ID is UDP. 2. The external port is specied as a range. 3. The Internal port is specied as the lower range entry. 75 8. Click on the Add or Edit more Pinholes link. Review your entries to be sure they are correct. 9. Click the Alert button. 10. Select the Save and Restart link to complete the entire Pinhole creation task and ensure that the parameters are properly saved. NOTE:

REMEMBER: When you have re-assigned the port address for the embedded Web server, you can still access this facility. Use the Gateways WAN address plus the new port number. In this example it would be

<WAN Gateway address>:<new port number> or, in this case, 210.219.41.20:8100 You can also use the LAN-side address of the Gateway, 192.168.1.x:8100 to access the web and telnet server. Link: IPMaps IPMaps supports one-to-one Network Address Translation (NAT) for IP addresses assigned to servers, hosts, or specic computers on the LAN side of the Cayman Gateway. 76 Configure A single static or dynamic (DHCP) WAN IP address must be assigned to sup-

port other devices on the LAN. These devices utilize Caymans default NAT/

PAT capabilities. Congure the IPMaps Feature FAQs for the IPMaps Feature Before conguring an example of an IPMaps-enabled network, review these frequently asked questions. What are IPMaps and how are they used? The IPMaps feature allows multiple static WAN IP addresses to be assigned to the Cayman Gateway. Static WAN IP addresses are used to support specic services, like a web server, mail server, or DNS server. This is accomplished by mapping a sep-

arate static WAN IP address to a specic internal LAN IP address. All trafc arriving at the Gateway intended for the static IP address is transferred to the internal device. All outbound trafc from the internal device appears to originate from the static IP address. Locally hosted servers are supported by a public IP address while LAN users behind the NAT-enabled IP address are protected. 77 IPMaps is compatible with the use of NAT, with either a statically assigned IP address or DHCP/PPP served IP address for the NAT table. What types of servers are supported by IPMaps? IPMaps allows a Cay-

man Gateway to support servers behind the Gateway, for example, web, mail, FTP, or DNS servers. VPN servers are not supported at this time. Can I use IPMaps with my PPPoE or PPPoA connection? Yes. IPMaps can be assigned to the WAN interface provided they are on the same subnet. Service providers will need to ensure proper routing to all IP addresses assigned to your WAN interface. Will IPMaps allow IP addresses from different subnets to be assigned to my Gateway? IPMap will support statically assigned WAN IP addresses from the same subnet. WAN IP addresses from different subnets are not supported. 78 Configure IPMaps Block Diagram The following diagram shows the IPMaps principle in conjunction with exist-

ing Cayman NAT operations:

Cayman Gateway WAN Interface LAN Interface NAT/PAT Table 192.168.1.1 Static IP Addresses for IPMaps Applications 143.137.50.37 143.137.50.36 143.137.50.35 Static IP Addresses or DHCP/PPP Served IP Address for Caymans default NAT/PAT Capabilities 143.137.50.37 192.168.1.1 143.137.50.36 192.168.1.2 143.137.50.35 192.168.1.3

. 192.168.1.n 192.168.1.2 LAN stations with WAN IP trafc forwarded by Caymans IPMaps LAN stations with WAN IP trafc forwarded by Caymans NAT function. 192.168.1.3 IPMaps:

One-to-One Multiple Address Mapping

... 192.168.1.n 79 Link: Default Server This feature allows you to:

Direct your Gateway to forward all externally initiated IP trafc (TCP and UDP protocols only) to a default host on the LAN. Enable it for certain situations:

Where you cannot anticipate what port number or packet protocol an in-bound application might use. For example, some network games select arbitrary port numbers when a connection is opened. When you want all unsolicited trafc to go to a specic LAN host. Congure for IP Passthrough. Congure a Default Server. This feature allows you to direct unsolicited or non-specic trafc to a designated LAN station. With NAT On in the Gateway, these packets normally would be discarded. For instance, this could be application trafc where you dont know (in advance) the port or protocol that will be used. Some game applications t this prole. Use the following steps to setup a NAT default server to receive this infor-

mation:

1. Select the Congure toolbar button, then Advanced, then the Default Server link. 2. From the pull-down menu, select Default-Server. The NAT Server IP Address eld appears. 80 Configure 3. Determine the IP address of the LAN computer you have chosen to receive the unexpected or unknown trafc. Enter this address in the NAT Server IP Address eld. 4. Click the Submit button. 5. Click the Alert button. 6. Click the Save and Restart link to conrm. 81 Typical Network Diagram. A typical network using the NAT Default Server looks like this:

Internet Gateway WAN Ethernet Interface 210.219.41.20 LAN Ethernet Interface NAT LAN STN #3 192.168.1.3 LAN STN #2 192.168.1.2 NAT protected NAT Pinhole Embedded Web Server 210.219.41.20

(Port 80 default) NAT Default Server 192.168.1.1 You can also use the LAN-side address of the Gateway, 192.168.1.x to access the web and telnet server. 82 Configure NAT Combination Application. Caymans NAT security feature allows you to congure a sophisticated LAN layout that uses both the Pinhole and Default Server capabilities. With this topology, you congure the embedded administration ports as a rst task, followed by the Pinholes and, nally, the NAT Default Server. When using both NAT pinholes and NAT Default Server the Gateway works with the following rules (in sequence) to forward trafc from the Internet to the LAN:

1. 2. 3. If the packet is a response to an existing connection created by outbound trafc from a LAN PC, forward to that station. If not, check for a match with a pinhole conguration and, if one is found, forward the packet according to the pinhole rule. If theres no pinhole, the packet is forwarded to the Default Server. IP-Passthrough. COS Version 7 now offers an IP passthrough feature. The IP passthrough feature allows a single PC on the LAN to have the Gateways public address assigned to it. It also provides PAT (NAPT) via the same pub-

lic IP address for all other hosts on the private LAN subnet. Using IP passthrough:

The public WAN IP is used to provide IP address translation for private LAN computers. The public WAN IP is assigned and reused on a LAN computer. DHCP address serving can automatically serve the WAN IP address to a LAN computer. When DHCP is used for addressing the designated passthrough PC, the acquired or congured WAN address is passed to DHCP, which will dynamically congure a single-servable-address subnet, and reserve the address for the congured MAC address. This dynamic subnet congura-

tion is based on the local and remote WAN address and subnet mask. If the WAN interface does not have a suitable subnet mask that is usable, for example when using PPP or PPPoE, the DHCP subnet conguration 83 will default to a class C subnet mask. If you select IP-Passthrough the Host Hardware Address eld displays. Here you enter the MAC address of the designated IP-Passthrough com-

puter. If this MAC address is not all zeroes, then it will use DHCP to set the LAN host's address to the (congured or acquired) WAN IP address. The MAC address must be six colon-delimited or dash-delimited sets of hex digits ('0' 'FF'). If the MAC address is all zeroes, then the LAN host will have to be cong-

ured manually. Once congured, the passthrough host's DHCP leases will be shortened to two minutes. This allows for timely updates of the host's IP address, which will be a private IP address before the WAN connection is established. After the WAN connection is established and has an address, the passthrough host can renew its DHCP address binding to acquire the WAN IP address. A restriction. Since both the Gateway and the passthrough host will use the same IP address, new sessions that conict with existing sessions will be rejected by the Gateway. For example, suppose you are a teleworker using an IPSec tunnel from the Gateway and from the passthrough host. Both tunnels go to the same remote endpoint, such as the VPN access con-

centrator at your employers ofce. In this case, the rst one to start the IPSec trafc will be allowed; the second one since, from the WAN, it's indistinguishable will fail. 84 Configure Link: DNS Your Service Provider may maintain a Domain Name server. If you have the information for the DNS servers, enter it on the DNS page. If your Gateway is congured to use DHCP to obtain its WAN IP address, the DNS informa-

tion is automatically obtained from that same DHCP Server. Link: DHCP Server Your Gateway can provide network conguration information to computers on your LAN, using the Dynamic Host Conguration Protocol (DHCP). If you already have a DHCP server on your LAN, you should turn this service off. If you want the Gateway to provide this service, click the Server Mode pull-

down menu, then congure the range of IP addresses that you would like the Gateway to hand out to your computers. 85 You can also specify the length of time the computers can use the congu-

ration information; DHCP calls this period the lease time. Your Service Provider may, for certain services, want to provide congura-

tion from its DHCP servers to the computers on your LANs. In this case, the Gateway will relay the DHCP requests from your computers to a DHCP server in the Service Provider's network. Click the relay-agent and enter the IP address of the Service Provider's DHCP server in the Server Address eld. This address is furnished by the Service Provider. Link: SNMP The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) lets a network adminis-

trator monitor problems on a network by retrieving settings on remote net-

work devices. The network administrator typically runs an SNMP management station program on a local host to obtain information from an SNMP agent. In this case, the Cayman Gateway is an SNMP agent. You enter SNMP conguration information on this page. Your network administrator furnishes the SNMP parameters. 86 Configure WARNING:

SNMP presents you with a security issue. The community facility of SNMP behaves somewhat like a password. The community public is a well-known community name. It could be used to examine the conguration of your Gateway by your service provider or an uninvited reviewer. While Cayman's SNMP implementation does not allow changes to the conguration, the information can be read from the Gateway. If you are strongly concerned about security, you may delete the public community. 87 Link: Advanced -> Ethernet Bridge The Cayman Gateway can be used as a bridge, rather than a router. A bridge is a device that joins two networks. As an Internet access device, a bridge connects the home computer directly to the service providers net-

work equipment with no intervening routing functionality, such as Network Address Translation. Your home computer becomes just another address on the service providers network. In a DSL connection, the bridge serves simply to convey the digital data information back and forth over your tele-

phone lines in a form that keeps it separate from your voice telephone sig-

nals. If your service providers network is set up to provide your Internet connec-

tivity via bridge mode, you can set your Cayman Gateway to be compatible. Bridges let you join two networks, so that they appear to be part of the same physical network. As a bridge for protocols other than TCP/IP, your Gateway keeps track of as many as 255 MAC (Media Access Control) addresses, each of which uniquely identies an individual host on a net-

work. Your Gateway uses this bridging table to identify which hosts are accessible through which of its network interfaces. The bridging table con-

tains the MAC address of each packet it sees, along with the interface over which it received the packet. Over time, the Gateway learns which hosts are available through its WAN port and/or its LAN port. When congured in Bridge Mode, the Cayman will act as a pass-through device and allow the workstations on your LAN to have public addresses directly on the internet. NOTE:

In this mode the Cayman is providing NO rewall protection as is afforded by NAT. Also, only the workstations that have a public address can access the internet. This can be useful when you need to use all ve of your static public IPs on the LAN. 88 Configure Conguring for Bridge Mode 1. Browse into the Cayman Gateways web interface. 2. Click on the Congure button in the upper Menu bar. 3. Click on the LAN link. The LAN page appears. 4. In the box titled LAN IP Interface (Ethernet 100BT):

a. Check the Enable Interface selection.

*Make note of the Ethernet IP Address and subnet mask. 89 You can use this address to access the router in the future. b. Click Submit. 5. Click on DHCP Server in the box titled Other LAN Options:

a. Set Server Mode to Off. b. Click Submit. 6. Click on the Advanced link in the left-hand links toolbar. 7. Under the heading of Services, click on the Ethernet Bridge link. The Ethernet Bridge page appears. 8. Check the Enable Bridging Function selection. The window expands. 9. Under Ethernet 100BT (LAN):

90 Configure Check the Enable Bridging on Port selection. 10. Under RFC-1483 Bridged Ethernet vcc1 (WAN), or under PPP over Ether-

net vcc1 (WAN) [as per your conguration]:

a. Check the Enable Bridging on Port selection. b. Click Submit. 11. Click on the Congure link in the Breadcrumb Trail directly above the selection box. 12. Click on the WAN link that takes you to the WAN IP Interfaces box. 13. Click on RFC-1483 Bridged Ethernet vcc1, or on PPP over Ethernet vcc1

[as per your conguration]:

a. Uncheck the Enable Interface selection. b. Click Submit. 14. Click on the WAN link in the Breadcrumb Trail directly above the selection box. 91 15. In the box labeled IP Gateway:

a. Uncheck the Enable Gateway Option selection. b. Click Submit. 16. Click on the Congure link in the Breadcrumb Trail directly above the selection box. 17. At this point you should be ready to do the nal save on the conguration changes you have made. The yellow Alert symbol will show up underneath the Help button on the right-hand end on the menu bar. 18. Click on this symbol and you will see whether your changes have been veried. 19. If you are satised with the changes you have made, click Save and Restart in the Save Database box to Apply changes and restart Gateway. 92 Configure You have now congured your Cayman Gateway for bridging, and it will bridge all trafc across the WAN. You will need to make congurations to your machines on your LAN. These settings must be made in accordance with your ISP. If you ever need to get back into the Cayman Gateway again for management reasons, you will need to manually congure your machine to be in the same subnet as the Ethernet interface of the Cayman. Link: Stateful Inspection Stateful inspection is a security feature that prevents unsolicited inbound access when NAT is disabled. You can congure UDP and TCP no-activity periods that will also apply to NAT time-outs if stateful inspection is enabled on the interface. Stateful Inspection parameters are active on a WAN inter-

face only if enabled on your Gateway. Stateful inspection can be enabled on a prole whether NAT is enabled or not. UDP no-activity time-out: The time in seconds after which a UDP ses-

sion will be terminated, if there is no trafc on the session. 93 TCP no-activity time-out: The time in seconds after which an TCP ses-

sion will be terminated, if there is no trafc on the session. Exposed Addresses: The hosts specied in Exposed addresses will be allowed to receive inbound trafc even if there is no corresponding out-

bound trafc. This is active only if NAT is disabled on an WAN interface. Stateful Inspection Options: Enable and congure stateful inspection on a WAN interface. Exposed Addresses You can specify the IP addresses you want to expose by clicking the Exposed addresses link. Add, Edit, or delete exposed addresses options are active only if NAT is dis-

abled on a WAN interface. The hosts specied in exposed addresses will be allowed to receive inbound trafc even if there is no corresponding out-

bound trafc. 94 Configure Start Address: Start IP Address of the exposed host range. End Address: End IP Address of the exposed host range Protocol: Select the Protocol of the trafc to be allowed to the host range from the pull-down menu. Options are Any, TCP, UDP, or TCP/UDP. Start Port: Start port of the range to be allowed to the host range. The acceptable range is from 1 - 65535 End Port: Protocol of the trafc to be allowed to the host range. The acceptable range is from 1 - 65535 You can add more exposed addresses by clicking the Add more Exposed Addresses link. A list of previously congured exposed addresses appears. Click the Add button to add a new range of exposed addresses. 95 You can edit a previously congured range by clicking the Edit button, or delete the entry entirely by clicking the Delete button. All conguration changes will trigger the Alert Icon. icon. Click on the Alert This allows you to validate the conguration and reboot the Gateway. Click the Save and Restart link. You will be asked to conrm your choice, and the Gateway will reboot with the new conguration. 96 Configure Stateful Inspection Options Stateful Inspection Parameters are active on a WAN interface only if you enable them on your Gateway. Stateful Inspection: To enable stateful inspection on this WAN inter-

face, check the checkbox. Default Mapping to Router: This is enabled by default. This option will allow the router to respond to trafc received on this interface, for exam-

ple, ICMP Echo requests. TCP Sequence Number Difference: Enter a value in this eld. This value represents the maximum sequence number difference allowed between subsequent TCP packets. If this number is exceeded, the packet is dropped. The acceptable range is 0 65535. A value of 0

(zero) disables this check. Deny Fragments: To enable this option, which causes the router to dis-

card fragmented packets on this interface, check the checkbox. 97 Link: System The System Name defaults to your Gateway's factory identier combined with its serial number. Some cable-oriented Service Providers use the Sys-

tem Name as an important identication and support parameter. If your Gateway is part of this type of network, do NOT alter the System Name unless specically instructed by your Service Provider. The System Name can be 1-63 characters long; it can include embedded spaces and special characters. The Log Message Level alters the severity at which messages are col-

lected in the Gateway's system log. Do not alter this eld unless instructed by your Support representative. 98 Configure Link: Syslog Parameters You can congure a UNIX-compatible syslog client to report a number of subsets of the events entered in the Gateways WAN Event History. Syslog sends log-messages to a host that you specify. To enable syslog logging, click on the Syslog Parameters link. Check the Syslog checkbox. The screen expands. Syslog: Enable syslog logging in the system. Syslog Host Name/IP Address: Enter the name or the IP Address of the host that should receive syslog messages. 99 Facility: From the pull-down menu, select the Syslog facility to be used by the router when generating syslog messages. Options are local0 through local7. Log Violations: If you check this checkbox, the Gateway will generate messages whenever a packet is discarded because it violates the router's security policy. Log Access Attempts: If you check this checkbox, the Gateway will gen-

erate messages whenever a packet attempts to access the router or tries to pass through the router. Log Accepted Packets: If you check this checkbox, the Gateway will generate messages whenever a packet accesses the router or passes through the router. 100 Configure Link: Internal Servers Your Gateway ships with an embedded Web server and support for a Telnet session, to allow ease of use for conguration and maintenance. The default ports of 80 for HTTP and 23 for Telnet may be reassigned. This is necessary if a pinhole is created to support applications using port 80 or 23. See Pinholes on page 69. for more information on Pinhole congura-

tion. Web (HTTP) Server Port: To reassign the port number used to access the Cayman embedded Web server, change this value to a value greater than 1024. When you next access the embedded Cayman Web server, append the IP address with <port number>, (e.g. Point your browser to http://

210.219.41.20:8080). Telnet Server Port: To reassign the port number used to access your Cay-

man embedded Telnet server, change this value to a value greater than 1024. When you next access the Cayman embedded Telnet server, append the IP address with <port number>, (e.g. telnet 210.219.41.20 2323). You can also use the LAN-side address of the Gateway, 192.168.1.x:8100 to access the web and telnet server. 101 Link: Software Hosting Software Hosting allows you to host internet applications when NAT is enabled. User(PC) species the machine on which the selected software is hosted. You can host different games and software on different PCs. To select the games or software that you want to host for a specic PC, highlight the name(s) in the box on the left side of the screen. Click the Add button to select the software that will be hosted. To remove a game or software from the hosted list, highlight the game or software you want to remove and click the Remove button. 102 Configure List of Supported Games and Software Age of Empires, v.1.0 Bulder's Gate Age of Empires: The Rise of Rome, v.1.0 Battleeld Communicator Close Combat for Windows 1.0 Combat Flight Sim: WWII Europe Series, v 1.0 FTP Close Combat: A Bridge Too Far, v 2.0 Combat Flight Sim 2: WWII Pacic Thr, v 1.0 GNUtella Half Life HTTP Lime Wire MechWarrior 4: Vengeance Microsoft Flight Simulator 2000 Microsoft Golf 2001 Edition Hellbender for Windows, v 1.0 IPSec Links LS 2000 Medal of Honor Allied Assault Microsoft Golf 1998 Edition, v 1.0 Midtown Madness, v 1.0 Monster Truck Madness 2, v 2.0 PPTP SMTP StarLancer, v 1.0 Total Annihilation Urban Assault, v 1.0 pcAnywhere (incoming) Quake II SSH server Telnet TFTP Win2000 Terminal Server Age of Wonders CART Precision Racing, v 1.0 Close Combat III: The Rus-

sian Front, v 1.0 Diablo II Server H.323 compliant (Netmeet-

ing, CUSeeME) Heretic II Jedi Knight II: Jedi Outcast Mech Warrior 3 Microsoft Flight Simulator 98 Microsoft Golf 1999 Edition Monster Truck Madness, v 1.0 POP-3 Quake III StarCraft Timbuktu Unreal Tournament Server Rename a User(PC) If a PC on your LAN has no assigned host name, you can assign one by clicking the Rename a User(PC) link. 103 To rename a server, select the server from the pull-down menu. Then type a new name in the text box below the pull-down menu. Click the Update but-

ton to save the new name. Note: The new name given to a server is only known to Software Hosting. It is not used as an identier in other network functions, such as DNS or DHCP. Link: Clear Options To restore the factory conguration of the Gateway, choose Clear Options. You may want to upload your conguration to a le before performing this function. Clear Options does not clear feature keys or affect the software image or BootPROM. You must restart the Gateway for Clear Options to take effect. 104 Configure 105 Security Button: Security The Security features are available by clicking on the Security toolbar but-

ton. Some items of this category do not appear when you log on as User. Link: Passwords Access to your Gateway may be controlled through two optional user accounts, Admin and User. When you rst power up your Gateway, you cre-

ate a password for the Admin account. The User account does not exist by default. As the Admin, a password for the User account can be entered or existing passwords changed. 106 Configure Create and Change Passwords. You can establish different levels of access security to protect your Cayman Gateway settings from unauthorized display or modication. Admin level privileges let you display and modify all settings in the Cay-

man Gateway (Read/Write mode). The Admin level password is created when you rst access your Gateway. User level privileges let you display (but not change) settings of the Cay-

man Gateway. (Read Only mode) To prevent anyone from observing the password you enter, characters in the old and new password elds are not displayed as you type them. 107 To display the Passwords window, click the Security toolbar button on the Home page. Use the following procedure to change existing passwords or add the User password for your Cayman Gateway:

1. Select the password type from the Password Level pull-down list. Choose from Admin or User. If you assigned a password to the Cayman Gateway previously, enter your current password in the Old Password eld. 2. 3. Enter your new password in the New Password eld. Caymans rules for a Password are:

It can have up to eight alphanumeric characters. It is case-sensitive. 108 Configure 4. Enter your new password again in the Conrm Password eld. You conrm the new password to verify that you entered it correctly the rst time. 5. When you are nished, click the Submit button to store your modied conguration in the Cayman units memory. Password changes are automatically saved, and take effect immediately. Link: Firewall Use a Cayman Firewall BreakWater Basic Firewall. BreakWater delivers an easily selectable set of pre-congured rewall protection levels. For simple implementation these settings (comprised of three levels) are readily available through Caymans embedded web server interface. BreakWater Basic Firewalls three settings are:

ClearSailing ClearSailing, BreakWater's default setting, supports both inbound and outbound trafc. It is the only basic rewall setting that fully interoper-

ates with all other Cayman software features. SilentRunning Using this level of rewall protection allows transmission of outbound trafc on pre-congured TCP/UDP ports. It disables any attempt for inbound trafc to identify the Gateway. This is the Internet equivalent of having an unlisted number. LANdLocked The third option available turns off all inbound and outbound trafc, iso-

lating the LAN and disabling all WAN trafc. 109 NOTE:

BreakWater Basic Firewall operates independent of the NAT func-

tionality on the Gateway. Conguring for a BreakWater Setting Use these steps to establish a rewall setting:

1. Ensure that you have enabled the BreakWater basic rewall with the appropriate feature key. See See Use Cayman Software Feature Keys on page 124. for refer-

ence. 2. Click the Security toolbar button. 3. Click Firewall. 4. Click on the radio button to select the protection level you want. Click Submit. 110 Configure Changing the BreakWater setting does not require a restart to take effect. This makes it easy to change the setting on the y, as your needs change. TIPS for making your BreakWater Basic Firewall Selection Application Typical Internet usage

(browsing, e-mail) Multi-player online gaming Select this Level SilentRunning ClearSailing Going on vacation Finished online use for the day Chatting online or using instant messaging LANdLocked LANdLocked ClearSailing Other Considerations Set Pinholes; once dened, pinholes will be active whenever ClearSailing is set. Restore SilentRunning when nished. Protects your connection while your away. This protects you instead of disconnecting your Gateway connection. Set Pinholes; once dened, pinholes will be active whenever ClearSailing is set. Restore SilentRunning when nished. Basic Firewall Background As a device on the Internet, a Cayman Gateway requires an IP address in order to send or receive trafc. The IP trafc sent or received have an associated application port which is dependent on the nature of the connection request. In the IP protocol stan-

dard the following session types are common applications:

ICMP SNMP HTTP telnet FTP DHCP By receiving a response to a scan from a port or series of ports (which is the expected behavior according to the IP standard), hackers can identify an existing device and gain a potential opening for access to an internet-con-

nected device. 111 To protect LAN users and their network from these types of attacks, Break-

Water offers three levels of increasing protection. The following tables indicate the state of ports associated with session types, both on the WAN side and the LAN side of the Gateway. This table shows how inbound trafc is treated. Inbound means the trafc is coming from the WAN into the WAN side of the Gateway. Gateway: WAN Side BreakWater Setting >>

ClearSailing SilentRunning LANdLocked Port 20 21 23 23 80 80 67 68 161 Session Type ftp data ftp control telnet external telnet Cayman server http external http Cayman server DHCP client DHCP server snmp ping (ICMP)

--------------Port State-----------------------

Disabled Disabled Disabled Disabled Disabled Disabled Disabled Not Applicable Disabled Disabled Disabled Disabled Disabled Disabled Disabled Disabled Enabled Not Applicable Disabled Disabled Enabled Enabled Enabled Enabled Enabled Enabled Enabled Not Applicable Enabled Enabled This table shows how outbound trafc is treated. Outbound means the traf-

c is coming from the LAN-side computers into the LAN side of the Gateway. Gateway: LAN Side BreakWater Setting >>

ClearSailing SilentRunning LANdLocked Port 20 21 23 23 80 80 Session Type ftp data ftp control telnet external telnet Cayman server http external http Cayman server 112

--------------Port State-----------------------

Disabled Disabled Disabled Enabled Disabled Enabled Enabled Enabled Enabled Enabled Enabled Enabled Enabled Enabled Enabled Enabled Enabled Enabled Configure 67 68 161 DHCP client DHCP server snmp ping (ICMP) Not Applicable Enabled Enabled Enabled Not Applicable Enabled Enabled Enabled Not Applicable Enabled Enabled WAN - Disabled LAN -

Local Address Only NOTE:

The Gateways WAN DHCP client port in SilentRunning mode is enabled. This feature allows end users to continue using DHCP-

served IP addresses from their Service Providers, while having no identiable presence on the Internet. Link: IPSec IPSec PassThrough supports Virtual Private Network (VPN) clients run-

ning on LAN-connected computers. Normally, this feature is enabled. How-

ever, you can disable it if your LAN-side VPN client includes its own NAT interoperability option. 113 Link: Security Log Security Monitoring detects security-related events, including common types of malicious attacks, and writes them to the security log le. Using the Security Monitoring Log You can view the Security Log at any time. Use the following steps:

1. Click the Security toolbar button. 2. Click the Security Log link. 3. Click the Show link from the Security Log tool bar. 4. An example of the Security Log is shown on the next page. 5. When a new security event is detected, you will see the Alert button. The Security Alert remains until you view the information. Clicking the Alert button will take you directly to a page showing the log. 114 Configure The capacity of the security log is 100 security alert messages. When the log reaches capacity, subsequent messages are not captured, but they are noted in the log entry count. 115 Remember that the time stamp is Universal Coordinated Time (UTC) which is the equivalent of Greenwich Mean Time. NOTE:

For your convenience, the table below lists the time offsets for various North American time zones. See Timestamp Background information on the next page for more details. Table of Time Offsets (in hours) from GMT Zone -> Hawaii Alaska Pacic Mountain Central Eastern Atlantic Standard Time

-10

-9 Daylight Savings Time N/A

-8

-8

-7

-7

-6

-6

-5

-5

-4

-4

-3 UTC/

GMT 0 0 Take the recorded UTC/GMT value and subtract the offset value to get the time that an event occurred in your system. To reset this log, select Reset from the Security Monitor tool bar. The following message is displayed. 116 Configure When the Security Log contains no entries, this is the response:

Timestamp Background During bootup, to provide better log information and to support improved troubleshooting, a Cayman Gateway acquires the National Institute of Stan-

dards and Technology (NIST) Universal Coordinated Time (UTC) reference signal. Once per hour, the Gateway attempts to re-acquire the NIST reference, for re-synchronization or initial acquisition of the UTC information. Once acquired, all subsequent log entries display this date and time information. UTC provides the equivalent of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) information. If the WAN connection is not enabled, the internal clocking function of the Gateway provides log timestamps based on uptime of the unit. 117 Install Button: Install From the Install toolbar button you can Install new Operating System Soft-

ware as updates become available. 118 Configure Link: Install Software This page allows you to install an updated release of the Cayman Operating System (CaymanOS). Updating Your Gateways CaymanOS Version. You install a new operat-

ing system image in your unit from the Install Operating System Software page. For this process, the computer you are using to connect to the Cay-

man Gateway must be on the same local area network as the Cayman Gate-

way. Required Tasks Task 1: Required Files on page 120 Task 2: CaymanOS Image File on page 120 119 Task 1: Required Files Upgrading the CaymanOS requires a Cayman Operating System image le. Background Software upgrade image les are posted periodically on the Netopia web-

site. You can download the latest operating system software for your Gate-

way from the following URL:

http://www.netopia.com/en-us/equipment/purchase/fmw_update.html When you download your operating system upgrade from the Netopia web-

site, be sure to download the latest release notes or User Guide PDF les. These are posted on the same Web page as the software. Conrm CaymanOS Image Files The CaymanOS Image le is specic to the model and the product identica-

tion (PID) number. 1. Conrm that you have received the appropriate CaymanOS Image le. 2. Save the CaymanOS image le to a convenient location on your PC. Task 2: CaymanOS Image File Install the CaymanOS Image To install the CaymanOS software in your Cayman Gateway from the Home Page use the following steps:

1. Open a web connection to your Cayman Gateway from the computer on your LAN. 2. Click the Install Software button on the Cayman Gateway Home page. The Install New Cayman Software window opens. 3. Enter the lename into the text box by using one of these techniques:

120 Configure The CaymanOS le name starts with the letter c (for CaymanOS). a. Click the Browse button, select the le you want, and click Open.

-or-

b. Enter the name and path of the software image you want to install in the text eld and click Open. 4. Click the Install Software button. The Cayman Gateway copies the image le from your computer and installs it into its memory storage. You see a progress bar appear on your screen as the image is copied and installed. When the image has been installed, a success message displays. 121 5. When the success message appears, click the Restart button and conrm the Restart when you are prompted. Your Cayman Gateway restarts with its new image. 122 Configure Verify the CaymanOS Release To verify that the CaymanOS image has loaded successfully, use the follow-

ing steps:

1. Open a web connection to your Cayman Gateway from the computer on your LAN and return to the Home page. 2. Verify your CaymanOS Software Release, as shown on the Home Page. This completes the upgrade process. 123 Link: Install Keys You can obtain advanced product functionality by employing a software Fea-

ture Key. Software feature keys are specic to a Gateway's serial number. Once the feature key le is installed and the Gateway is restarted, the new feature's functionality becomes enabled. Use Cayman Software Feature Keys Cayman Gateway users obtain advanced product functionality by installing a software feature key. This concept utilizes a specially constructed and dis-

tributed le (referred to as a feature key) to enable additional capability within the unit. Software feature key properties are specic to a units serial number; they will not be accepted on a platform with another serial number. Once installed, and the Gateway restarted, the new features functionality becomes available. This allows full access to conguration, operation, maintenance and administration of the new enhancement. Obtaining Software Feature Keys Contact Netopia or your Service Provider to acquire a Software Feature Key. Procedure - Install a New Feature Key File With the appropriate feature key le resident on your LAN PC, use the steps listed below to enable a new function. 1. From the Home page, click the Install toolbar button. 2. Click Install Keys The Install Key File page appears. 3. Enter the feature key le name in the input Text Box. Type the full path and le name in the Text Box. 124 Configure 4. Click the Install Key button. 5. Click the Restart toolbar button. The Conrmation screen appears. 125 6. Click the Restart the Gateway link to conrm. To check your installed features:

7. Click the Install toolbar button. 8. Click the List of Features link. The System Status page appears with the information from the features link displayed below. You can check that the feature you just installed is 126 Configure enabled. 127 128 CHAPTER 4 Basic Troubleshooting This section gives some simple suggestions for troubleshooting problems with your Gateways initial conguration. Before troubleshooting, make sure you have read the Quickstart Guide;

plugged in all the necessary cables; and set your PCs TCP/IP controls to obtain an IP address auto-

matically. 129 Status Indicator Lights The rst step in troubleshooting is to check the status indicator lights (LEDs) in the order outlined below. Cayman Gateway 3340 status indicator lights Ethernet Link:

Solid green when connected Ethernet Traffic:

Flashes green when there is activity on the LAN DSL Traffic:

Blinks green when traffic is sent/received over the WAN DSL Traffic PPPoE Active DSL Sync Power Ethernet Traffic Ethernet Link Power:

Solid green when the power is on PPPoE Active:

Solid green when PPPoE is negotiated;

otherwise, not lit DSL Sync:

Blinking green with no line attached or training, solid green when trained with the DSL line. 130 Status Indicator Lights Cayman Gateway 3341 status indicator lights Ethernet Link:

Solid green when connected Ethernet Traffic:

Flashes green when there is activity on the LAN DSL Traffic:

Blinks green when traffic is sent/received over the WAN DSL Sync USB Active DSL Traffic Power Ethernet Traffic Ethernet Link Power:

Solid green when the power is on USB Active:

Solid green when USB is connected otherwise, not lit DSL Sync:

Blinking green with no line attached or training, solid green when trained with the DSL line. 131 Cayman Gateway 3346 status indicator lights LAN 2 LAN 3 LAN 1 LAN 4 DSL SYNC Power Power:

Solid green when the power is on DSL Sync:

Blinks green with no line attached or training, Solid green when trained with the DSL line LAN 1, 2, 3, 4:

Solid green when Ethernet link is established Blinks green when traffic is sent or received over the Ethernet 132 Status Indicator Lights Cayman Gateway 3347W status indicator lights 3347W Front View Power - Green when power is applied DSL SYNC -

Flashes green when training Solid green when trained Flashes green for DSL traffic LAN 1, 2, 3, 4 -

Solid green when connected to each port on the LAN. Flash green when there is activity on each port. Wireless Link - Flashes green when there is activity on the wireless LAN. LED Function Summary Matrix Power No power Power on Unlit Solid Green Flashing Green N/A USB Active DSL Sync DSL Trafc Ethernet Trafc Ethernet Link No signal No signal No signal No signal No signal USB port con-

nected to PC Activity on the USB cable DSL line synched with the DSLAM Attempt-

ing to train with DSLAM N/A N/A Activity on the DSL cable Activity on the Ethernet cable Synched with Ethernet card N/A 133 If a status indicator light does not look correct, look for these possible problems:

LED State Possible problems 1. Make sure the power switch is in the ON position. 2. Make sure the power adapter is plugged Power Unlit into the 3341 properly. 3. Try a known good wall outlet. 4. Replace the power supply and/or unit. 1. Make sure the you are using the correct cable. The DSL cable is the thinner stan-

dard telephone cable. 2. Make sure the DSL cable is plugged into the correct wall jack. Unlit 3. Make sure the DSL cable is plugged into the DSL port on the 3341. DSL Sync 4. Make sure the DSL line has been activated at the central ofce DSLAM. 5. Make sure the 3341 is not plugged into a micro lter. 134 Status Indicator Lights EN Link Unlit EN Trafc Unlit Note: EN Link light is inactive if using USB. 1. Make sure the you are using the Ethernet cable, not the DSL cable. The Ethernet cable is thicker than the standard telephone cable. 2. Make sure the Ethernet cable is securely plugged into the Ethernet jack on the PC. If plugging a 3341 into a hub the you may need to plug into an uplink port on the hub, or use an Ethernet cross over cable. 3. 4. Make sure the Ethernet cable is securely plugged into the Ethernet port on the 3341. 5. Try another Ethernet cable if you have one available. 1. Make sure you have Ethernet drivers installed on the PC. 2. Make sure the PCs TCP/IP Properties for the Ethernet Network Control Panel is set to obtain an IP address via DHCP. 3. Make sure the PC has obtained an address in the 192.168.1.x range. (You may have changed the subnet addressing.) 4. Make sure the PC is congured to access the Internet over a LAN. 5. Disable any installed network devices

(Ethernet, HomePNA, wireless) that are not being used to connect to the 3341. 135 Note: USB Active light is inactive if using Ethernet. 1. Make sure you have USB drivers installed on the PC. 2. Make sure the PCs TCP/IP Properties for the USB Network Control Panel is set to obtain an IP address via DHCP. 3. Make sure the PC has obtained an address in the 192.168.1.x range. (You may have changed the subnet addressing.) 4. Make sure the PC is congured to access the Internet over a LAN. 5. Disable any installed network devices

(Ethernet, HomePNA, wireless) that are not being used to connect to the 3341. Launch a browser and try to browse the Internet. If the DSL Active light still does not ash, then pro-

ceed to Advanced Troubleshooting below. USB Active Unlit DSL Trafc Unlit 136 Factory Reset Switch Factory Reset Switch Lose your password? This section shows how to reset the Cay-

man Gateway so that you can access the conguration screens once again. NOTE:

Keep in mind that all of your settings will need to be recongured. If you don't have a password, the only way to access the Cay-

man Gateway is the following:

1. Referring to the diagram below, nd the round Reset Switch opening. 3 Ethernet 4 USB 2 DSL 1 Power On / Off Factory Reset Switch: Push to clear all settings 2. Carefully insert the point of a pen or an unwound paperclip into the opening. 3. Press this switch. 4. This will reset the unit to factory defaults and you will now be able to reprogram the Cayman Gateway. 137 138 CHAPTER 5 Advanced Troubleshooting Advanced Troubleshooting can be accessed from the Gateways Web UI. Point your browser to http://192.168.1.254. The main page displays the device status. (If this does not make the Web UI appear, then do a release and renew in Windows networking to see what the Gateway address really is.) 139 Home Page The home page displays basic information about the Gateway. This includes the ISP Username, Connection Status, Device Address, Remote Gateway Address, DNS-1, and DNS-2. If you are not able to connect to the Internet, verify the following:

Item Local WAN IP Address Remote Gateway Address Description This is the negotiated address of the Gateways WAN interface. This address is usually dynamically assigned. This is the negotiated address of the remote router to which this Gateway is connected. 140 Item Status of Connec-

tion ISP Username Device Address Device Gateway Primary DNS/

Secondary DNS Serial Number Ethernet Status Software Release Description Waiting for DSL is displayed while the Gateway is training. This should change to Up within two minutes. If not, make sure an RJ-11 cable is used, the Gateway is connected to the correct wall jack, and the Gateway is not plugged into a micro lter. No Connection is displayed if the Gateway has trained but failed the PPPoE login. This usually means an invalid user name or password. Go to Expert Mode and change the PPPoE name and password. Up is displayed when the ADSL line is synched and the PPPoE session is established. This should be the valid PPPoE username. If not, go to Expert Mode and change to the correct username. This is the negotiated address of the Gateways WAN interface. This address is often dynamically assigned. Make sure this is a valid address. If this is not the correct assigned address, go to Expert Mode and verify the PPPoE address has not been manually assigned. This is the negotiated address of the remote router. Make sure this is a valid address. If this is not the correct address, go to Expert Mode and verify the address has not been manually assigned. These are the negotiated DNS addresses. Make sure they are valid DNS addresses. If these are not the correct addresses, go to Expert Mode and verify the addresses have not been manually assigned. This is the unique serial number of your Gateway. This is the status of your Ethernet connection. It should be Up. This is the version number of the current embedded software in your Gateway. This is the date that your Gateway was installed and enabled. Warranty Date If all of the above seem correct, then access Expert Mode by clicking the Expert Mode link. 141 Button: Troubleshoot Expert Mode Expert Mode has advanced troubleshooting tools that are used to pinpoint the exact source of a problem. Clicking the Troubleshoot tab displays a page with links to System Status, Network Tools, and Diagnostics. System Status: Displays an overall view of the system and its condition. Network Tools: Includes NSLookup, Ping and TraceRoute. Diagnostics: Runs a multi-layer diagnostic test that checks the LAN, WAN, PPPoE, and other connection issues. System Status In the system status screen, there are several utilities that are useful for troubleshooting. Some examples are given below. 142 Link: Ports: Ethernet The Ethernet port selection shows the trafc sent and received on the Ethernet interface. There should be frames and bytes on both the upstream and downstream sides. If there are not, this could indicate a bad Ethernet cable or no Ethernet connection. Below is an example:

Ethernet Driver Statistics - 10/100 Ethernet Type: 100BASET Port Status: Link up General:

Transmit OK : 7862 Receive OK : 4454 Tx Errors : 0 Rx Errors : 0 Rx CRC Errors : 0 Rx Frame Errors : 0 Upper Layers:

Rx No Handler : 0 Rx No Message : 0 Rx Octets : 975576 Rx Unicast Pkts : 4156 Rx Multicast Pkts : 203 Tx Discards : 0 Tx Octets : 2117992 Tx Unicast Pkts : 3789 Tx Multicast Pkts : 4073 Ethernet driver statistics - USB Port Status: Link down General:

Transmit OK : 0 Receive OK : 0 Tx Errors : 0 Rx Errors : 0 Tx Octets : 0 Rx Octets : 0 Ethernet driver statistics - 10/100 Ethernet Type: 100BASET Port Status: Link up General:

Transmit OK : 7863 Receive OK : 4458 Tx Errors : 0 Rx Errors : 0 Rx CRC Errors : 0 Rx Frame Errors : 0 Upper Layers:

Rx No Handler : 0 Rx No Message : 0 Rx Octets : 976327 Rx Unicast Pkts : 4159 Rx Multicast Pkts : 204 Tx Discards : 0 143 Link: Ports: DSL The DSL port selection shows the state of the DSL line, whether it is up or down and how many times the Gateway attempted to train. The state should indicate up for a working conguration. If it is not, check the DSL cable and make sure it is plugged in correctly and not connected to a micro lter. Below is an example:

ADSL Line State: Up ADSL Startup Attempts: 5 ADSL Modulation: Unknown Datapump Version: 3.14.3 Downstream Upstream

SNR Margin: 18.6 14.0 dB Line Attenuation: 0.4 4.0 dB Errored Seconds: 14 3 Loss of Signal: 4 4 Loss of Frame: 0 0 CRC Errors: 0 0 Data Rate: 8000 800 144 Link: DSL: Circuit Conguration The DSL Circuit Conguration screen shows the trafc sent and received over the DSL line as well as the trained rate (upstream and downstream) and the VPI/VCI. Verify trafc is being sent over the DSL line. If not, check the cabling and make sure the Gateway is not connected to a micro lter. Also verify the correct PVC is listed, which should be 0/35 (some providers use other values, such as 8/35. Check with your provider). If not go to the WAN setup and change the VPI/VCI to its correct value. Below is an exam-

ple:

ATM port status : Up Rx data rate (bps) : 8000 Tx data rate (bps) : 800 ATM Virtual Circuits:

VCC # Type VPI VCI Encapsulation

1 PVC 8 35 PPP over Ethernet (LLC/SNAP encapsulation) ATM Circuit Statistics:

Rx Frames : 17092 Tx Frames : 25078 Rx Octets : 905876 Tx Octets : 1329134 Rx Errors : 0 Tx Errors : 0 Rx Discards : 0 Tx Discards : 0 No Rx Buffers : 0 Tx Queue Full : 0 145 Link: System Log: Entire The system log shows the state of the WAN connection as well as the PPPoE session. Verify that the PPPoE session has been correctly estab-

lished and there are no failures. If there are error messages, go to the WAN conguration and verify the settings. The following is an example of a suc-

cessful connection:

Message Log:

3/30/2003 19:22:58> ADSL detected 3/30/2003 19:23:4> ATM Connected 3/30/2003 19:23:4> ATM layer is up, cell delineation achieved 3/30/2003 19:23:4> ADSL connected 3/30/2003 19:23:8> PPP1 PPPoE Session is established. 3/30/2003 19:23:8> PPP PAP Authentication success 3/30/2003 19:23:8> PPP1: PPP IP address is 163.176.224.71 3/30/2003 19:23:8> PPP1: PPP Gateway IP address is 163.176.224.254 3/30/2003 19:23:8> PPP1: DNS Primary IP address is 163.176.4.10 3/30/2003 19:23:8> PPP1: DNS Secondary IP address is 163.176.4.32 3/30/2003 19:23:8> NAT/NAPT Session Start: VC# 0, WAN IP is 163.176.224.71 3/30/2003 19:23:8> NAPT: sesPVC0 session is up. 3/30/2003 19:23:9> PPP1 Session is up. 146 Diagnostics The diagnostics section tests a number of different things at the same time, including the DSL line, the Ethernet interface and the PPPoE session. The following table summarizes the possible results. CODE Description PASS FAIL SKIPPED The test was skipped because a test on which it depended failed, or it was The test was successful. The test was unsuccessful. not supported by the service provider equipment to which it is connected. PENDING The test timed out without producing a result. Try running the test again. WARNING The test was unsuccessful. The Service Provider equipment your Gateway connects to may not support this test. 147 Network Tools Three test tools are available from this page. NSLookup - converts a domain name to its IP address and vice versa. Ping - tests the reachability of a particular network destination by sending an ICMP echo request and waiting for a reply. TraceRoute - displays the path to a destination by showing the number of hops and the router addresses of these hops. 1. To use the NSLookup capability, type an address (domain name or IP address) in the text box and click the NSLookup button Example: Show the IP Address for grosso.com. 148 Result: The DNS Server doing the lookup is displayed in the Server: and Address: elds. If the Name Server can nd your entry in its table, it is displayed in the Name: and Address: elds. PING: The network tools section sends a PING from the Gateway to either the LAN or WAN to verify connectivity. A PING could be either an IP address

(163.176.4.32) or Domain Name (www.netopia.com). 2. To use the Ping capability, type a destination address (domain name or IP address) in the text box and click the Ping button. Example: Ping to grosso.com. Result: The host was reachable with four out of ve packets sent. Below are some specic tests:

Action If PING is not successful, possible causes are:

From the Gateway's Network Tools page:

Ping the internet default gateway IP address Ping an internet site by IP address Ping an internet site by name From a LAN PC:

DSL is down, DSL or ATM settings are incorrect;

Gateways IP address or subnet mask are wrong;

gateway router is down. Gateways default gateway is incorrect, Gate-

ways subnet mask is incorrect, site is down. DNS is not properly congured on the Gateway;

congured DNS servers are down; site is down. 149 Action If PING is not successful, possible causes are:

Ping the Gateways LAN IP address Ping the Gateways wan IP address Ping the Gateways internet default gateway IP address Ping an internet site by IP address Ping an internet site by name IP address and subnet mask of PC are not on the same scheme as the Gateway; cabling or other connectivity issue. Default gateway on PC is incorrect. NAT is off on the Gateway and the internal IP addresses are private. PC's subnet mask may be incorrect, site is down. DNS is not properly congured on the PC, cong-

ured DNS servers are down, site is down. 3. To use the TraceRoute capability, type a destination address (domain name or IP address) in the text box and click the TraceRoute button. Example: Show the path to the grosso.com site. Result: It took 20 hops to get to the grosso.com web site. 150 CHAPTER 6 Command Line Interface The Cayman Gateway operating software includes a command line interface (CLI) that lets you access your Cayman Gateway over a telnet connection. You can use the command line inter-

face to enter and update the units conguration settings, mon-

itor its performance, and restart it. This chapter covers the following topics:

Overview on page 152 Starting and Ending a CLI Session on page 154 Using the CLI Help Facility on page 155 About SHELL Commands on page 156 SHELL Commands on page 157 About CONFIG Commands on page 168 CONFIG Commands on page 174 151 Overview The CLI has two major command modes: SHELL and CONFIG. Summary tables that list the commands are provided below. Details of the entire command set follow in this section. SHELL Commands Status and/or Description send ARP request send ATM OAM loopback (DSL only) erase all stored conguration information set the units options run the automatic self-test download the cong le get more information on a command: help all or help help download and program an image into ash add a message to the diagnostic log report or change diagnostic log level show IP information send DNS query for host send ICMP echo request quit this shell reset subsystems restart the Gateway display specic system information start subsystem display basic status of Gateway telnet to a remote host trace route to a remote host upload cong le show who is using the shell execute wireless TEACH or LEARN Command arp atmping clear congure diagnose download help install log loglevel netstat nslookup ping quit reset restart show start status telnet traceroute upload who wireless 152 Overview CONFIG Commands Command Verbs Status and/or Description set dene delete view script help save Keywords Set conguration data Dene environment data Delete conguration list data View conguration data Print conguration data Help command option Save conguration data system pppoe dmt atm ip dhcp nat-default dns bridge ppp pinhole security servers validate preference top quit exit Gateways system options PPP over Ethernet options DMT ADSL options ATM options (DSL only) TCP/IP protocol options Dynamic Host Conguration Protocol options Network Address Translation default options Domain Name System options Bridge options Peer-to-Peer Protocol options Pinhole options Security options Internal Server options Validate conguration settings Shell environment settings Command Utilities Go to top level of conguration mode Exit from conguration mode; return to shell mode Exit from conguration mode; return to shell mode 153 Starting and Ending a CLI Session Open a telnet connection from a workstation on your network. You initiate a telnet connection by issuing the following com-

mand from an IP host that supports telnet, for example, a per-

sonal computer running a telnet application such as NCSA Telnet. telnet <ip_address>

You must know the IP address of the Cayman Gateway before you can make a telnet connection to it. By default, your Cayman Gateway uses 192.168.1.254 as the IP address for its LAN interface. You can use a Web browser to congure the Cayman Gateway IP address. Logging In The command line interface log-in process emulates the log-in process for a UNIX host. To logon, enter the username (either admin or user), and your password. Entering the administrator password lets you display and update all Cayman Gateway settings. Entering a user password lets you display (but not update) Cayman Gateway settings. When you have logged in successfully, the command line inter-

face lists the username and the security level associated with the password you entered in the diagnostic log. Ending a CLI Session You end a command line interface session by typing quit from the SHELL node of the command line interface hierarchy. 154 Using the CLI Help Facility Saving Settings The save command saves the working copy of the settings to the Gateway. The Gateway automatically validates its settings when you save and displays a warning message if the congura-

tion is not correct. Using the CLI Help Facility The help command lets you display on-line help for SHELL and CONFIG commands. To display a list of the commands available to you from your current location within the command line inter-

face hierarchy, enter help. To obtain help for a specic CLI command, type help <com-

mand>. You can truncate the help command to h or a question mark when you request help for a CLI command. 155 About SHELL Commands You begin in SHELL mode when you start a CLI session. SHELL mode lets you perform the following tasks with your Cayman Gateway:

Monitor its performance Display and reset Gateway statistics Issue administrative commands to restart Cayman Gateway functions SHELL Prompt When you are in SHELL mode, the CLI prompt is the name of the Cayman Gateway followed by a right angle bracket (>). For example, if you open a CLI connection to the Cayman Gateway named Coconut, you would see Coconut> as your CLI prompt. SHELL Command Shortcuts You can truncate most commands in the CLI to their shortest unique string. For example, you can use the truncated com-

mand q in place of the full quit command to exit the CLI. How-

ever, you would need to enter rese for the reset command, since the rst characters of reset are common to the restart command. The only commands you cannot truncate are restart and clear. To prevent accidental interruption of communications, you must enter the restart and clear commands in their entirety. You can use the Up and Down arrow keys to scroll backward and forward through recent commands you have entered. Alter-

natively, you can use the !! command to repeat the last com-

mand you entered. 156 SHELL Commands SHELL Commands Common Commands arp nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn Sends an Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) request to match the nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn IP address to an Ethernet hardware address. clear [yes]

Clears the conguration settings in a Cayman Gateway. If you do not use the optional yes qualier, you are prompted to con-

rm the clear command. congure Puts the command line interface into Congure mode, which lets you congure your Cayman Gateway with Cong com-

mands. Cong commands are described starting on page 153. diagnose Runs a diagnostic utility to conduct a series of internal checks and loopback tests to verify network connectivity over each interface on your Cayman Gateway. The console displays the results of each test as the diagnostic utility runs. If one test is dependent on another, the diagnostic utility indents its entry in the console window. For example, the diagnostic utility indents the Check IP connect to Ethernet (LAN) entry, since that test will not run if the Check Ethernet LAN Connect test fails. 157 Each test generates one of the following result codes:

CODE PASS FAIL SKIPPED PENDING Description The test was successful. The test was unsuccessful. The test was skipped because a test on which it depended failed. The test timed out without producing a result. Try running the test again. download [ key server_address] [lename] [conrm]

With no ags set, this command installs a le of conguration parameters into the Cayman Gateway from a TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) server. The TFTP server must be accessible on your Ethernet network. With the key ag set, downloads a new feature key to the Gateway. You can include one or more of the following arguments with the download command. If you omit arguments, the console prompts you for this information. The server_address argument identies the IP address of the TFTP server from which you want to copy the Cayman Gateway conguration le. The filename argument identies the path and name of the conguration le on the TFTP server. If you include the optional conrm keyword, the download begins as soon as all information is entered. install [server_address] [lename] [conrm]

Downloads a new version of the Cayman Gateway operating software from a TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) server, vali-

158 SHELL Commands dates the software image, and programs the image into the Cayman Gateway memory. After you install new operating soft-

ware, you must restart the Cayman Gateway. The server_address argument identies the IP address of the TFTP server on which your Cayman Gateway operating soft-

ware is stored. The filename argument identies the path and name of the operating software le on the TFTP server. If you include the optional keyword confirm, you will not be prompted to identify a TFTP server or le name. Your Cayman Gateway begins the software installation using its default boot settings. log message_string Adds the message in the message_string argument to the Cayman Gateway diagnostic log. loglevel [level]

Displays or modies the types of log messages you want the Cayman Gateway to record. If you enter the loglevel com-

mand without the optional level argument, the command line interface displays the current log level setting. You can enter the loglevel command with the level argu-

ment to specify the types of diagnostic messages you want to record. All messages with a level number equal to or greater than the level you specify are recorded. For example, if you specify loglevel 3, the diagnostic log will retain high-level infor-

mational messages (level 3), warnings (level 4), and failure messages (level 5). Use the following values for the level argument:

159 1 or low Low-level informational messages or greater;

includes trivial status messages. 2 or medium Medium-level informational messages or greater; includes status messages that can help monitor net-

work trafc. 3 or high High-level informational messages or greater;

includes status messages that may be signicant but do not constitute errors. 4 or warning Warnings or greater; includes recoverable error conditions and useful operator information. 5 or failure Failures; includes messages describing error conditions that may not be recoverable. netstat -i Displays the IP interfaces for your Cayman Gateway. netstat -r Displays the IP routes stored in your Cayman Gateway. nslookup { hostname | ip_address }

Performs a domain name system lookup for a specied host. The hostname argument is the name of the host for which you want DNS information; for example, nslookup klaatu. The ip_address argument is the IP address, in dotted dec-

imal notation, of the device for which you want DNS informa-

tion. ping [-s size] [-c count]{ hostname | ip_address }

Causes the Cayman Gateway to issue a series of ICMP Echo requests for the device with the specied name or IP address. 160 SHELL Commands The hostname argument is the name of the device you want to ping; for example, ping ftp.netopia.com. The ip_address argument is the IP address, in dotted dec-

imal notation, of the device you want to locate. If a host using the specied name or IP address is active, it returns one or more ICMP Echo replies, conrming that it is accessi-

ble from your network. The -s size argument lets you specify the size of the ICMP packet. The -c count argument lets you specify the number of ICMP packets generated for the ping request. Values greater than 250 are truncated to 250. You can use the ping command to determine whether a host-

name or IP address is already in use on your network. You can-

not use the ping command to ping the Cayman Gateways own IP address. quit Exits the Cayman Gateway command line interface. reset arp Clears the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) cache on your unit. reset crash Clears crash-dump information, which identies the contents of the Cayman Gateway registers at the point of system malfunc-

tion. 161 reset dhcp server Clears the DHCP lease table in the Cayman Gateway. reset enet Resets Ethernet statistics to zero reset hosts Clears all entries in the host name table. Thereafter, when PCs congured as DHCP clients use the Gateway, new entries will be rebuilt. DHCP serving must be enabled. reset ipmap Clears the IPMap table (NAT). reset log Rewinds the diagnostic log display to the top of the existing Cayman Gateway diagnostic log. The reset log command does not clear the diagnostic log. The next show log command will display information from the beginning of the log le. reset security-log Clears the security monitoring log to make room to capture new entries. reset wan-users [all | ip-address]

This function disconnects the specied WAN User to allow for other users to access the WAN. This function is only available if 162 SHELL Commands the number of WAN Users is restricted and NAT is on. Use the all parameter to disconnect all users. If you logon as Admin you can disconnect any or all users. If you logon as User, you can only disconnect yourself. restart [seconds]

Restarts your Cayman Gateway. If you include the optional seconds argument, your Cayman Gateway will restart when the specied number of seconds have elapsed. You must enter the complete restart command to initiate a restart. show bridge interfaces Displays bridge interfaces maintained by the Cayman Gateway. show bridge table Displays the bridging table maintained by the Cayman Gateway. show crash Displays the most recent crash information, if any, for your Cay-

man Gateway. show dhcp server leases [ used | free ]

Displays the DHCP leases stored in RAM by your Cayman Gate-

way. You can include the used argument to see the list of DHCP leases that are in use or that have been used since your Cay-

man Gateway was restarted. You can include the free argument to see the list of DHCP leases that are available for use. 163 show dhcp server store Displays the DHCP leases stored in NVRAM by your Cayman Gateway. show ip arp Displays the Ethernet address resolution table stored in your Cayman Gateway. show ip igmp Displays the contents of the IGMP Group Address table and the IGMP Report table maintained by your Cayman Gateway. show ip interfaces Displays the IP interfaces for your Cayman Gateway. show ip routes Displays the IP routes stored in your Cayman Gateway. show log Displays blocks of information from the Cayman Gateway diag-

nostic log. To see the entire log, you can repeat the show log command or you can enter show log all. show memory [all]

Displays memory usage information for your Cayman Gateway. If you include the optional all argument, your Cayman Gateway will display a more detailed set of memory statistics. 164 SHELL Commands show pppoe Displays status information for each PPP socket, such as the socket state, service names, and host ID values. show status Displays the current status of a Cayman Gateway, the device's hardware and software revision levels, a summary of errors encountered, and the length of time the Cayman Gateway has been running since it was last restarted. Identical to the sta-

tus command. telnet { hostname | ip_address } [port]

Lets you open a telnet connection to the specied host through your Cayman Gateway. The hostname argument is the name of the device to which you want to connect; for example, telnet ftp.cayman.com. The ip_address argument is the IP address, in dotted dec-

imal notation, of the device to which you want to connect. The port argument is the number of t he port over which you want to open a telnet session. upload [server_address] [lename] [conrm]

Copies the current conguration settings of the Cayman Gate-

way to a TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) server. The TFTP server must be accessible on your Ethernet network. The server_address argument identies the IP address of the TFTP server on which you want to store the Cayman Gateway settings. The filename argument identies the path and name of the conguration le on the TFTP server. If you include 165 the optional confirm keyword, you will not be prompted to identify a TFTP server or le name. who Displays the names of the current shell users. DSL Commands atmping vccn [ segment | end-to-end ]

Lets you check the ATM connection reachability and network connectivity. This command sends ve Operations, Administra-

tion, and Maintenance (OAM) loopback calls to the specied vpi/vci destination. There is a ve second total timeout interval. Use the segment argument to ping a neighbor switch. Use the end-to-end argument to ping a remote end node. reset dhcp client release [ vcc-id ]

Releases the DHCP lease the Cayman Gateway is currently using to acquire the IP settings for the specied DSL port. The vcc-id identier is a letter in the rang B-I. Enter the reset dhcp client release without the variable to see the letter assigned to each virtual circuit. reset dhcp client renew [ vcc-id ]

Releases the DHCP lease the Cayman Gateway is currently using to acquire the IP settings for the specied DSL port. The vcc-id identier is a letter in the rang B-I. Enter the reset dhcp client release without the variable to see the letter assigned to each virtual circuit. 166 SHELL Commands reset dsl Resets any open DSL connection. reset ppp vccn Resets the point-to-point connection over the specied virtual circuit. This command only applies to virtual circuits that use PPP framing. show atm [all]

Displays ATM statistics for the Cayman Gateway. The optional all argument displays a more detailed set of ATM statistics. show dsl Displays DSL port statistics, such as upstream and down-

stream connection rates and noise levels. show ppp [{ stats | lcp | ipcp | lastconnect }] [vccn]

Displays information about open PPP links. You can display a subset of the PPP statistics by including an optional stats, lcp, ipcp, or lastconnect argument for the show ppp command. The optional vccn argument lets you specify the virtual circuit for which you want statistics. start ppp vccn Opens a PPP link on the specied virtual circuit. 167 About CONFIG Commands You reach the conguration mode of the command line inter-

face by typing congure (or any truncation of congure, such as c or cong) at the CLI SHELL prompt. CONFIG Mode Prompt When you are in CONFIG mode, the CLI prompt consists of the name of the Cayman Gateway followed by your current node in the hierarchy and two right angle brackets (>>). For example, when you enter CONFIG mode (by typing cong at the SHELL prompt), the Coconut (top)>> prompt reminds you that you are at the top of the CONFIG hierarchy. If you move to the ip node in the CONFIG hierarchy (by typing ip at the CONFIG prompt), the prompt changes to Coconut (ip)>> to identify your current location. Some CLI commands are not available until certain conditions are met. For example, you must enable IP for an interface before you can enter IP settings for that interface. Navigating the CONFIG Hierarchy Moving from CONFIG to SHELL You can navigate from anywhere in the CONFIG hierarchy back to the SHELL level by entering quit at the CONFIG prompt and pressing RETURN. Dogzilla (top)>> quit Dogzilla >

Moving from top to a subnode You can navigate from the top node to a subnode by entering the node name (or the signicant letters of the node name) at the CONFIG prompt and pressing RETURN. For example, you move to the IP subn-

ode by entering ip and pressing RETURN. 168 About CONFIG Commands Dogzilla (top)>> ip Dogzilla (ip)>>

As a shortcut, you can enter the signicant letters of the node name in place of the full node name at the CONFIG prompt. The signicant characters of a node name are the letters that uniquely identify the node. For example, since no other CONFIG node starts with I, you could enter one letter (i) to move to the IP node. Jumping down several nodes at once You can jump down several levels in the CONFIG hierarchy by entering the complete path to a node. Moving up one node You can move up through the CON-

FIG hierarchy one node at a time by entering the up com-

mand. Jumping to the top node You can jump to the top level from anywhere in the CONFIG hierarchy by entering the top command. Moving from one subnode to another You can move from one subnode to another by entering a partial path that identies how far back to climb. Moving from any subnode to any other subnode You can move from any subnode to any other subnode by enter-

ing a partial path that starts with a top-level CONFIG com-

mand. Scrolling backward and forward through recent com-

mands You can use the Up and Down arrow keys to scroll backward and forward through recent commands you have entered. When the command you want appears, press Enter to execute it. 169 Entering Commands in CONFIG Mode CONFIG commands consist of keywords and arguments. Key-

words in a CONFIG command specify the action you want to take or the entity on which you want to act. Arguments in a CONFIG command specify the values appropriate to your site. For example, the CONFIG command set ip ethernet A ip_address consists of two keywords (ip, and ethernet A) and one argu-

ment (ip_address). When you use the command to congure your Gateway, you would replace the argument with a value appropriate to your site. For example:

set ip ethernet A 192.31.222.57 170 About CONFIG Commands Guidelines: CONFIG Commands The following table provides guidelines for entering and format-

ting CONFIG commands. Command component Rules for entering CONFIG commands Command verbs CONFIG commands must start with a command verb

(set, view, delete). You can truncate CONFIG verbs to three characters

(set, vie, del). CONFIG verbs are case-insensitive. You can enter SET, Set, or set. Keywords are case-insensitive. You can enter Ether-

net, ETHERNET, or ethernet as a keyword without changing its meaning. Keywords can be abbreviated to the length that they are differentiated from other keywords. Text strings can be as many as 64 characters long, unless otherwise specied. Special characters are represented using backslash notation. Text strings may be enclosed in double () or single () quote marks. If the text string includes an embedded space, it must be enclosed in quotes. Special characters are represented using backslash notation. Enter numbers as integers. Enter IP addresses in dotted decimal notation (0 to 255). Keywords Argument Text Numbers IP addresses If a command is ambiguous or miskeyed, the CLI prompts you to enter additional information. For example, you must specify which virtual circuit you are conguring when you are setting up a Cayman Gateway. 171 Displaying Current Gateway Settings You can use the view command to display the current CONFIG settings for your Cayman Gateway. If you enter the view com-

mand at the top level of the CONFIG hierarchy, the CLI displays the settings for all enabled functions. If you enter the view com-

mand at an intermediate node, you see settings for that node and its subnodes. Step Mode: A CLI Conguration Technique The Cayman Gateway command line interface includes a step mode to automate the process of entering conguration set-

tings. When you use the CONFIG step mode, the command line interface prompts you for all required and optional information. You can then enter the conguration values appropriate for your site without having to enter complete CLI commands. When you are in step mode, the command line interface prompts you to enter required and optional settings. If a setting has a default value or a current setting, the command line inter-

face displays the default value for the command in parenthe-

ses. If a command has a limited number of acceptable values, those values are presented in brackets, with each value sepa-

rated by a vertical line. For example, the following CLI step com-

mand indicates that the default value is off and that valid entries are limited to on and off. option (off) [on | off]: on You can accept the default value for a eld by pressing the Return key. To use a different value, enter it and press Return. You can enter the CONFIG step mode by entering set from the top node of the CONFIG hierarchy. You can enter step mode for a particular service by entering set service_name. In step-

172 About CONFIG Commands ping set mode (press Control-X <Return/Enter> to exit. For example:

Dogzilla (top)>> set system

... system name (Dogzilla): Mycroft Diagnostic Level (High): medium Stepping mode ended. Validating Your Conguration You can use the validate CONFIG command to make sure that your conguration settings have been entered correctly. If you use the validate command, the Cayman Gateway veries that all required settings for all services are present and that settings are consistent. Dogzilla (top)>> validate Error: Subnet mask is incorrect Global Validation did not pass inspection!

You can use the validate command to verify your congura-

tion settings at any time. Your Cayman Gateway automatically validates your conguration any time you save a modied con-

guration. 173 CONFIG Commands This section describes the keywords and arguments for the var-

ious CONFIG commands. DSL Commands ATM Settings. You can use the CLI to set up each ATM virtual circuit. set atm option {on | off }

Enables the WAN interface of the Cayman Gateway to be cong-

ured using the Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) protocol. set atm [vcc n] option {on | off }

Selects the virtual circuit for which further parameters are set. Up to eight VCCs are supported; the maximum number is dependent on your Cayman Operating System tier and the capa-

bilities that your Service Provider offers. set atm [vcc n] qos service-class { cbr | ubr }

Sets the Quality of Service class for the specied virtual circuit Constant (cbr) or Unspecied (ubr) Bit Rate. ubr: No conguration is needed for UBR VCs. Leave the default value 0 (maximum line rate). cbr: One parameter is required for CBR VCs. Enter the Peak Cell Rate that applies to the VC. This value should be between 1 and the line rate. You set this value according to specications dened by your service provider. 174 CONFIG Commands set atm [vcc n] qos peak-cell-rate { 1 ...n }

If QoS class is set to cbr, then speciy the peak-cell-rate that should apply to the specied virtual circuit. This value should be between 1 and the line rate. set atm [vcc n] vpi { 0 ... 255 }

Select the virtual path identier (vpi) for VCC n. Your Service Provider will indicate the required vpi number. set atm [vcc n] vci { 0 ... 65535 }

Select the virtual channel identier (vci) for VCC n. Your Service Provider will indicate the required vci number. set atm [vccn] encap

{ ppp-vcmux | ppp-llc | ether-vcmux | ether-llc |

ip-vcmux | ip-llc | ppoe-vcmux | pppoe-llc }

Select the encapsulation mode for VCC n. The options are:

ppp-vcmux ppp-llc ether-vcmux ether-llc ip-vcmux ip-llc pppoe-vcmux pppoe-llc PPP over ATM, VC-muxed PPP over ATM, LLC-SNAP RFC-1483, bridged Ethernet, VC-muxed RFC-1483, bridged Ethernet, LLC-SNAP RFC-1483, routed IP, VC-muxed RFC-1483, routed IP, LLC-SNAP PPP over Ethernet, VC-muxed PPP over Ethernet, LLC-SNAP 175 Your Service Provider will indicate the required encapsulation mode. set atm [vccn] pppoe-sessions { 1 ... 8 }

Select the number of PPPoE sessions to be congured for VCC 1, up to a total of eight. The total number of pppoe-ses-

sions and PPPoE VCCs congured must be less than or equal to eight. Bridging Settings Bridging lets the Cayman Gateway use MAC (Ethernet hard-

ware) addresses to forward non-TCP/IP trafc from one network to another. When bridging is enabled, the Cayman Gateway maintains a table of up to 255 MAC addresses. Entries that are not used within 10 minutes are dropped. If the bridging table lls up, the oldest table entries are dropped to make room for new entries. Virtual circuits that use IP framing cannot be bridged. NOTE:

For bridging in the 3341 (or any model with a USB port), you cannot set the bridge option off, or bridge ethernet option off; these are on by default because of the USB port. 176 CONFIG Commands Common Commands set bridge option {on | off }

Enables or disables bridging services in the Cayman Gateway. You must enable bridging services within the Cayman Gateway before you can enable bridging for a specic interface. DSL Commands set bridge ethernet option { on | off }

Enables or disables bridging services for the specied virtual circuit using Ethernet framing. set bridge interwan-bridging { on | off }

Enables or disables bridging between virtual circuit connec-

tions. DHCP Settings As a Dynamic Host Control Protocol (DHCP) server, your Cay-

man Gateway can assign IP addresses and provide congura-

tion information to other devices on your network dynamically. A device that acquires its IP address and other TCP/IP congura-

tion settings from the Cayman Gateway can use the information for a xed period of time (called the DHCP lease). 177 Common Commands set dhcp option { off | server | relay-agent }

Enables or disables DHCP services in the Cayman Gateway. You must enable DHCP services before you can enter other DHCP settings for the Cayman Gateway. If you turn off DHCP services and save the new conguration, the Cayman Gateway clears its DHCP settings. set dhcp start-address ip_address If you selected server, species the rst address in the DHCP address range. The Cayman Gateway can reserve a sequence of up to 253 IP addresses within a subnet, beginning with the specied address for dynamic assignment. set dhcp end-address ip_address If you selected server, species the last address in the DHCP address range. set dhcp lease-time lease-time If you selected server, species the default length for DHCP leases issued by the Cayman Gateway. Enter lease time in dd:hh:mm:ss (day/hour/minute/second) format. 178 CONFIG Commands DMT Settings DSL Commands set dmt type [ lite | dmt | ansi | multi ]

Selects the type of Discrete Multitone (DMT) asynchronous digi-

tal subscriber line (ADSL) protocol to use for the WAN interface. Domain Name System Settings Domain Name System (DNS) is an information service for TCP/

IP networks that uses a hierarchical naming system to identify network domains and the hosts associated with them. You can identify a primary DNS server and one secondary server. Common Commands set dns domain-name domain-name Species the default domain name for your network. When an application needs to resolve a host name, it appends the default domain name to the host name and asks the DNS server if it has an address for the fully qualied host name. set dns primary-address ip_address Species the IP address of the primary DNS name server. set dns secondary-address ip_address Species the IP address of the secondary DNS name server. Enter 0.0.0.0 if your network does not have a secondary DNS name server. 179 IP Settings You can use the command line interface to specify whether TCP/IP is enabled, identify a default Gateway, and to enter TCP/IP settings for the Cayman Gateway LAN and WAN ports. NOTE:

For the DSL platform you must identify the virtual PPP interface [vccn], a number from 1 to 8. Common Settings set ip option { on | off }

Enables or disables TCP/IP services in the Cayman Gateway. You must enable TCP/IP services before you can enter other TCP/IP settings for the Cayman Gateway. If you turn off TCP/IP services and save the new conguration, the Cayman Gateway clears its TCP/IP settings. DSL Settings set ip dsl vccn address ip_address Assigns an IP address to the virtual circuit. Enter 0.0.0.0 if you want the virtual circuit to obtain its IP address from a remote DHCP server. set ip dsl vccn broadcast broadcast_address Species the broadcast address for the TCP/IP network con-

nected to the virtual circuit. IP hosts use the broadcast address 180 CONFIG Commands to send messages to every host on your network simulta-

neously. The broadcast address for most networks is the network num-

ber followed by 255. For example, the broadcast address for the 192.168.1.0 network would be 192.168.1.255. set ip dsl vccn netmask netmask Species the subnet mask for the TCP/IP network connected to the virtual circuit. The subnet mask species which bits of the 32-bit binary IP address represents network information. The default subnet mask for most networks is 255.255.255.0

(Class C subnet mask). set ip dsl vccn restriction { admin-disabled | none }

Species restrictions on the types of trafc the Cayman Gate-

way accepts over the DSL virtual circuit. The admin-dis-

abled argument means that router trafc is accepted but that administrative commands are ignored. The none argument means that all trafc is accepted. RIP and ICMP trafc is still accepted. set ip dsl vccn addr-mapping { on | off }

Species whether you want the Cayman Gateway to use net-

work address translation (NAT) when communicating with remote routers. Address mapping lets you conceal details of your network from remote routers. It also permits all LAN devices to share a single IP address. By default, address mapping is turned On. 181 Ethernet Hub Settings set ip ethernet option { on | off }

Enables or disables communications through the designated Ethernet port in the Gateway. You must enable TCP/IP functions for an Ethernet port before you can congure its network set-

tings. NOTE:

Currently, the only option is on; it cannot be set to off. set ip ethernet A address ip_address Assigns an IP address to the Cayman Gateway on the local area network. The IP address you assign to the local Ethernet inter-

face must be unique on your network. By default, the Cayman Gateway uses 192.168.1.254 as its LAN IP address. set ip ethernet A broadcast broadcast_address Species the broadcast address for the local Ethernet inter-

face. IP hosts use the broadcast address to send messages to every host on your network simultaneously. The broadcast address for most networks is the network num-

ber followed by 255. For example, the broadcast address for the 192.168.1.0 network would be 192.168.1.255. 182 CONFIG Commands set ip ethernet A netmask netmask Species the subnet mask for the local Ethernet interface. The subnet mask species which bits of the 32-bit binary IP address represent network information. The default subnet mask for most networks is 255.255.255.0 (Class C subnet mask). set ip ethernet A restrictions { none | admin-disabled }

Species whether an administrator can open a telnet connec-

tion to a Cayman Gateway over the Ethernet interface to moni-

tor and congure the unit. On the WAN port, you can enable or disable administrator access or specify that the WAN port can only be used for administrative trafc. By default, administra-

tive restrictions are off on the LAN, but Admin-Disabled is set for the WAN, meaning an administrator can open a telnet con-

nection. set ip ethernet rip-send { off | v1 | v2 | v1-compat | v2-MD5 }

Species whether the Cayman Gateway should use Routing Information Protocol (RIP) broadcasts to advertise its routing tables to other routers on your network. RIP Version 2 (RIP-2) is an extension of the original Routing Information Protocol (RIP-1) that expands the amount of useful information in the RIP pack-

ets. While RIP-1 and RIP-2 share the same basic algorithms, RIP-2 supports several additional features, including inclusion of subnet masks in RIP packets and implementation of multi-

casting instead of broadcasting (which reduces the load on hosts which do not support routing protocols. RIP-2 with MD5 authentication is an extension of RIP-2 that increases security by requiring an authentication key when routes are advertised. 183 Depending on your network needs, you can congure your Cay-

man Gateway to support RIP-1, RIP-2, or both. Default IP Gateway Settings set ip gateway option { on | off }

Species whether the Cayman Gateway should send packets to a default Gateway if it does not know how to reach the destina-

tion host. set ip gateway interface { ip-address | ppp-vccn }

Species how the Cayman Gateway should route information to the default Gateway. If you select ip-address, you must enter the IP address of a host on a local or remote network. If you specify ppp, the Cayman unit uses the default gateway being used by the remote PPP peer. set ip gateway interface { ip-address | ppp-vccn}

Species whether a DSL Gateway is reached using a xed IP address or through a PPP virtual circuit. IP-over-PPP Settings. Use the following commands to cong-

ure settings for routing IP over a virtual PPP interface. NOTE:

For a DSL platform you must identify the virtual PPP interface [vccn], a number from vcc1 to vcc8. 184 CONFIG Commands set ip ip-ppp [vccn] option { on | off }

Enables or disables IP routing through the virtual PPP interface. By default, IP routing is turned off. You must enable IP routing before you can enter other IP routing settings for the virtual PPP interface. If you turn off IP routing and save the new congura-

tion, the Cayman Gateway clears IP routing settings set ip ip-ppp [vccn] address ip_address Assigns an IP address to the virtual PPP interface. If you spec-

ify an IP address other than 0.0.0.0, your Cayman Gateway will not negotiate its IP address with the remote peer. If the remote peer does not accept the IP address specied in the ip_address argument as valid, the link will not come up. The default value for the ip_address argument is 0.0.0.0, which indicates that the virtual PPP interface will use the IP address assigned to it by the remote peer. Note that the remote peer must be congured to supply an IP address to your Cayman Gateway if you enter 0.0.0.0 for the ip_address argument. set ip ip-ppp [vccn] peer-address ip_address Species the IP address of the peer on the other end of the PPP link. If you specify an IP address other than 0.0.0.0, your Cay-

man Gateway will not negotiate the remote peer's IP address. If the remote peer does not accept the address in the ip_address argument as its IP address (typically because it has been congured with another IP address), the link will not come up. 185 The default value for the ip_address argument is 0.0.0.0, which indicates that the virtual PPP interface will accept the IP address returned by the remote peer. If you enter 0.0.0.0, the peer system must be congured to supply this address. set ip ip-ppp [vccn] restriction { admin-disabled | none }

Species restrictions on the types of trafc the Cayman Gate-

way accepts over the PPP virtual circuit. The admin-only argu-

ment means that router trafc is ignored but that administrative commands are accepted. The none argument means that all trafc is accepted. set ip ip-ppp [vccn] addr-mapping { on | off }

Species whether you want the Cayman Gateway to use net-

work address translation (NAT) when communicating with remote routers. Network address translation lets you conceal details of your network from remote routers. By default, address mapping is turned on. 186 CONFIG Commands set ip ip-ppp [vccn] rip-send

{ off | v1 | v2 | v1-compat | v2-MD5 }

Species whether the Cayman Gateway unit should use Routing Information Protocol (RIP) broadcasts to advertise its routing tables to routers on the other side of the PPP link. An extension of the original Routing Information Protocol (RIP-1), RIP Version 2 (RIP-2) expands the amount of useful information in the pack-

ets. While RIP-1 and RIP-2 share the same basic algorithms, RIP-2 supports several new features. For example, inclusion of subnet masks in RIP packets and implementation of multicast-

ing instead of broadcasting. This last feature reduces the load on hosts which do not support routing protocols. RIP-2 with MD5 authentication is an extension of RIP-2 that increases security by requiring an authentication key when routes are advertised. This command is only available when address mapping for the specied virtual circuit is turned off. set ip ip-ppp [vccn] rip-receive

{ off | v1 | v2 | v1-compat | v2-MD5 }

Species whether the Cayman Gateway should use Routing Information Protocol (RIP) broadcasts to update its routing tables with information received from other routers on the other side of the PPP link. This command is only available when address mapping for the specied virtual circuit is turned off. Static ARP Settings. Your Cayman Gateway maintains a dynamic Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) table to map IP addresses to Ethernet (MAC) addresses. Your Cayman Gateway populates this ARP table dynamically, by retrieving IP address/

187 MAC address pairs only when it needs them. Optionally, you can dene static ARP entries to map IP addresses to their corre-

sponding Ethernet MAC addresses. Unlike dynamic ARP table entries, static ARP table entries do not time out. You can congure as many as 16 static ARP table entries for a Cayman Gateway. Use the following commands to add static ARP entries to the Cayman Gateway static ARP table:

set ip static-arp ip-address ip_address Species the IP address for the static ARP entry. Enter an IP address in the ip_address argument in dotted decimal for-

mat. The ip_address argument cannot be 0.0.0.0. set ip static-arp ip-address ip_address hardware-address MAC_address Species the Ethernet hardware address for the static ARP entry. Enter an Ethernet hardware address in the MAC_address argument in nn.nn.nn.nn.nn.nn (hexadecimal) format. 188 CONFIG Commands Stateful inspection Stateful inpection options are accessed by state-insp tag. set state-insp [ ip-ppp | dsl ] vccn option [ off | on ]

set state-insp ethernet [ A | B ] option [ off | on ]

Sets the stateful inspection option off or on on the specied interface. This option is disabled by default. Stateful inspection prevents unsolicited inbound access when NAT is disabled. set state-insp [ ip-ppp | dsl ] vccn router-access [ off | on ]

set state-insp ethernet [ A | B ] router-access [ off | on ]

Sets stateful inspection default mapping to router option off or on on the specied interface. set state-insp [ ip-ppp | dsl ] vccn tcp-seq-diff [ 0 - 65535 ]

set state-insp ethernet [ A | B ] tcp-seq-diff [ 0 - 65535 ]

Sets the acceptable TCP sequence difference on the specied interface. The TCP sequence number difference maximum allowed value is 65535. If the value of tcp-seq-diff is 0, it means that this check is disabled. set state-insp [ ip-ppp | dsl ] vccn deny-fragments [ off | on ]

set state-insp ethernet [ A | B ] deny-fragments [ off | on ]

Sets whether fragmented packets are allowed to be received or not on the specied interface. set state-insp tcp-timeout [ 30 - 65535 ]

Sets the stateful inspection TCP timeout interval, in seconds. 189 set state-insp udp-timeout [ 30 - 65535 ]

Sets the stateful inspection UDP timeout interval, in seconds. set xposed-addr exposed-address# "n"

Allows you to add an entry to the specied list, or, if the list does not exist, creates the list for the stateful inspection fea-

ture. Example:

set xposed-addr exposed-address# (?): 32 32 has been added to the xposed-addr list. Sets the exposed list address number. set xposed-addr exposed-address# "n" start-ip ip_address Sets the exposed list range starting IP address, in dotted quad format. set xposed-addr exposed-address# "n" end-ip ip_address Sets the exposed list range ending IP address, in dotted quad format. 32 exposed addresses can be created. The range for exposed address numbers are from 1 through 32. 190 CONFIG Commands set xposed-addr exposed-address# "n" protocol

[ tcp | udp | both | any ]

Sets the protocol for the stateful inspection feature for the exposed address list. Accepted values for protocol are tcp, udp, both, or any. If protocol is not any, you can set port ranges:

set xposed-addr exposed-address# "n"

start-port [ 1 - 65535 ]

set xposed-addr exposed-address# "n"

end-port [ 1 - 65535 ]

Static Route Settings A static route identies a manually congured pathway to a remote network. Unlike dynamic routes, which are acquired and conrmed periodically from other routers, static routes do not time out. Consequently, static routes are useful when working with PPP, since an intermittent PPP link may make maintenance of dynamic routes problematic. You can congure as many as 16 static IP routes for a Cayman Gateway. Use the following commands to maintain static routes to the Cayman Gateway routing table:

set ip static-routes destination-network net_address Species the network address for the static route. Enter a net-

work address in the net_address argument in dotted deci-

mal format. The net_address argument cannot be 0.0.0.0. 191 set ip static-routes destination-network net_address netmask netmask Species the subnet mask for the IP network at the other end of the static route. Enter the netmask argument in dotted deci-

mal format. The subnet mask associated with the destination network must represent the same network class (A, B, or C) or a lower class (such as a class C subnet mask for class B net-

work number) to be valid. set ip static-routes destination-network net_address interface { ip-address | ppp-vccn }

Species the interface through which the static route is acces-

sible. set ip static-routes destination-network net_address gateway-address gate_address Species the IP address of the Gateway for the static route. The default Gateway must be located on a network connected to the Cayman Gateway congured interface. set ip static-routes destination-network net_address metric integer Species the metric (hop count) for the static route. The default metric is 1. Enter a number from 1 to 15 for the integer argu-

ment to indicate the number of routers (actual or best guess) a packet must traverse to reach the remote network. You can enter a metric of 1 to indicate either:

The remote network is one router away and the static route is the best way to reach it;

192 CONFIG Commands The remote network is more than one router away but the static route should not be replaced by a dynamic route, even if the dynamic route is more efcient. delete ip static-routes destination-network net_address Deletes a static route. Deleting a static route removes all infor-

mation associated with that route. IPMaps Settings set ip-maps name <name> internal-ip <ip address>

Species the name and static ip address of the LAN device to be mapped. set ip-maps name <name> external-ip <ip address>

Species the name and static ip address of the WAN device to be mapped. Up to 8 mapped static IP addresses are supported. 193 Network Address Translation (NAT) Default Settings NAT default settings let you specify whether you want your Cay-

man Gateway to forward NAT trafc to a default server when it doesnt know what else to do with it. The NAT default host func-

tion is useful in situations where you cannot create a specic NAT pinhole for a trafc stream because you cannot anticipate what port number an application might use. For example, some network games select arbitrary port numbers when a connec-

tion is being opened. By identifying your computer (or another host on your network) as a NAT default server, you can specify that NAT trafc that would otherwise be discarded by the Cay-

man Gateway should be directed to a specic hosts. set nat-default mode { off | default-server |

ip-passthrough }

Species whether you want your Cayman Gateway to forward unsolicited trafc from the WAN to a default server or an IP passthrough host when it doesnt know what else to do with it. set nat-default { address ip_address |

host-hardware-address MAC_address }

Species the IP address of the NAT default server or the hard-

ware (MAC) address of the IP passthrough host. Network Address Translation (NAT) Pinhole Settings NAT pinholes let you pass specic types of network trafc through the NAT interfaces on the Cayman Gateway. NAT pin-

holes allow you to route selected types of network trafc, such 194 CONFIG Commands as FTP requests or HTTP (Web) connections, to a specic host behind the Cayman Gateway transparently. To set up NAT pinholes, you identify the type(s) of trafc you want to redirect by port number, and you specify the internal host to which each specied type of trafc should be directed. The following list identies protocol type and port number for common TCP/IP protocols:

FTP (TCP 21) telnet (TCP 23) SMTP (TCP 25), TFTP (UDP 69) SNMP (TCP 161, UDP 161) set pinhole name name Species the identier for the entry in the router's pinhole table. You can name pinhole table entries sequentially (1, 2, 3), by port number (21, 80, 23), by protocol, or by some other naming scheme. set pinhole name name protocol-select { tcp | udp }

Species the type of protocol being redirected. set pinhole name name external-port-start [ 0 - 65535 ]

Species the rst port number in the range being translated. set pinhole name name external-port-end [ 0 - 65535 ]

Species the last port number in the range being translated. 195 set pinhole name name internal-ip internal-ip Species the IP address of the internal host to which trafc of the specied type should be transferred. set pinhole name name internal-port internal-port Species the port number your Cayman Gateway should use when forwarding trafc of the specied type. Under most cir-

cumstances, you would use the same number for the external and internal port. PPPoE Settings You can use the following commands to congure basic set-

tings, port authentication settings, and peer authentication set-

tings for PPP interfaces on your Cayman Gateway. Conguring Basic PPP Settings. NOTE:

For the DSL platform you must identify the virtual PPP interface [vccn], a number from 1 to 8. set PPP module [vccn] option { on | off }

Enables or disables PPP on the Cayman Gateway. 196 CONFIG Commands set PPP module [vccn] mru integer Species the Maximum Receive Unit (MRU) for the PPP inter-

face. The integer argument can be any number between 128 and 2048. set PPP module [vccn] magic-number { on | off }

Enables or disables LCP magic number negotiation. set PPP module [vccn] protocol-compression { on | off }

Species whether you want the Cayman Gateway to compress the PPP Protocol eld when it transmits datagrams over the PPP link. set PPP module [vccn] lcp-echo-requests { on | off }

Species whether you want your Cayman Gateway to send LCP echo requests. You should turn off LCP echoing if you do not want the Cayman Gateway to drop a PPP link to a nonrespon-

sive peer. set PPP module [vccn] failures-max integer Species the maximum number of Congure-NAK messages the PPP module can send without having sent a Congure-ACK mes-

sage. The integer argument can be any number between 1 and 20. set PPP module [vccn] congure-max integer Species the maximum number of unacknowledged congura-

tion requests that your Cayman Gateway will send. The integer argument can be any number between 1 and 10. 197 set PPP module [vccn] terminate-max integer Species the maximum number of unacknowledged termination requests that your Cayman Gateway will send before terminat-

ing the PPP link. The integer argument can be any number between 1 and 10. set PPP module [vccn] restart-timer integer Species the number of seconds the Cayman Gateway should wait before retransmitting a conguration or termination request. The integer argument can be any number between 1 and 30. set PPP module [vccn] connection-type

{ instant-on | always-on }

Species whether a PPP connection is maintained by the Cay-

man Gateway when it is unused for extended periods. If you specify always-on, the Cayman Gateway never shuts down the PPP link. If you specify instant-on, the Cayman Gateway shuts down the PPP link after the number of seconds specied in the time-out setting (below) if no trafc is moving over the circuit. set PPP module [vccn] time-out integer If you specied a connection type of instant-on, species the number of seconds, in the range 30 - 3600, with a default value of 300, the Cayman Gateway should wait for communica-

tion activity before terminating the PPP link. 198 CONFIG Commands Conguring Port Authentication. You can use the following command to specify how your Cayman Gateway should respond when it receives an authentication request from a remote peer. The settings for port authentication on the local Cayman Gate-

way must match the authentication that is expected by the remote peer. For example, if the remote peer requires CHAP authentication and has a name and CHAP secret for the Cay-

man Gateway, you must enable CHAP and specify the same name and secret on the Cayman Gateway before the link can be established. set PPP module [vccn] port-authentication option [ off | on | pap-only | chap-only ]

username:

password:

Specifying on turns both PAP and CHAP on, or you can select PAP or CHAP. Specify the username and password when port authentication is turned on (both CHAP and PAP, CHAP or PAP.) The username argument is 1- 64 alphanumeric characters. The information you enter must match the username congured in the PPP peer's authentication database. The password argument is 1-64 alphanumeric characters. The information you enter must match the password used by the PPP peer. Authentication must be enabled before you can enter other information. If you turn port authentication off and peer authentication on, the PPP software still uses the port authentication username for authentication. As a result, the port authentication names 199 must be identical to the peer names for your Cayman Gateway on the remote peer. If you do not congure a username, then the authentication packets sent by the local peer will have blank name values. This may cause authentication to fail for some PPP implementations. Command Line Interface Preference Settings You can set command line interface preferences to customize your environment. set preference verbose { on | off }

set dene verbose { on | off }

Species whether you want command help and prompting infor-

mation displayed. By default, the command line interface ver-

bose preference is turned off. If you turn it on, the command line interface displays help for a node when you navigate to that node. set preference more lines set dene more lines Species how many lines of information you want the command line interface to display at one time. The lines argument speci-

es the number of lines you want to see at one time. The range is 1-65535. By default, the command line interface shows you 16 lines of text before displaying the prompt: More [y|n] ?. If you enter 100 for the lines argument, the command line interface displays information as an uninterrupted stream

(which is useful for capturing information to a text le). 200 CONFIG Commands Port Renumbering Settings If you use NAT pinholes to forward HTTP or telnet trafc through your Cayman Gateway to an internal host, you must change the port numbers the Cayman Gateway uses for its own congura-

tion trafc. For example, if you set up a NAT pinhole to forward network trafc on Port 80 (HTTP) to another host, you would have to tell the Cayman Gateway to listen for conguration con-

nection requests on a port number other than 80, such as 6080. After you have changed the port numbers the Cayman Gateway uses for its conguration trafc, you must use those port num-

bers instead of the standard numbers when conguring the Cay-

man Gateway. For example, if you move the router's Web service to port 6080 on a box with a DNS name of super-

box, you would enter the URL http://superbox:6080 in a Web browser to open the Cayman Gateway graphical user interface. Similarly, you would have to congure your telnet application to use the appropriate port when opening a conguration connec-

tion to your Cayman Gateway. set servers web-http [ 0 - 65534 ]

Species the port number for HTTP (web) communication with the Cayman Gateway. Because port numbers in the range 0-

1024 are used by other protocols, you should use numbers in the range 2000-65534 when assigning new port numbers to the Cayman Gateway web conguration interface. A setting of 0

(zero) will turn the server off. set servers telnet-tcp [ 0 - 65534 ]

Species the port number for telnet (CLI) communication with the Cayman Gateway. Because port numbers in the range 0-

1024 are used by other protocols, you should use numbers in 201 the range 2000-65534 when assigning new port numbers to the Cayman Gateway telnet conguration interface. A setting of 0 (zero) will turn the server off. Security Settings Security settings include the Firewall and IPSec parameters. All of the security functionality is keyed. Firewall Settings (for BreakWater Firewall) set security rewall option [ ClearSailing | SilentRunning |

LANdLocked ]

The 3 settings for BreakWater are discussed in detail on page page 109. SNMP Settings The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) lets a net-

work administrator monitor problems on a network by retrieving settings on remote network devices. The network administrator typically runs an SNMP management station program on a local host to obtain information from an SNMP agent such as the Cayman Gateway. set snmp community read name Adds the specied name to the list of communities associated with the Cayman Gateway. By default, the Cayman Gateway is associated with the public community. You can associate as many as 16 communities with the Cayman Gateway. 202 CONFIG Commands set snmp community trap name Adds the specied name to the list of communities associated with the Cayman Gateway. set snmp trap ip-traps ip-address [ community community-name ]

Identies the destination for SNMP trap messages. The ip-

address argument is the IP address of the host acting as an SNMP console. The optional community community-name identies the name of the Cayman Gateway community, which is included in the trap message the device sends to the man-

agement console. This name, which is not used for authentica-

tion, does not have to match a predened community name. set snmp sysgroup contact contact_info Identies the system contact, such as the name, phone num-

ber, beeper number, or email address of the person responsi-

ble for the Cayman Gateway. You can enter up to 256 characters for the contact_info argument. You must put the contact_info argument in double-quotes if it contains embedded spaces. set snmp sysgroup location location_info Identies the location, such as the building, oor, or room num-

ber, of the Cayman Gateway. You can enter up to 256 charac-

ters for the location_info argument. You must put the location_info argument in double-quotes if it contains embedded spaces. 203 System Settings You can congure system settings to assign a name to your Cayman Gateway and to specify what types of messages you want the diagnostic log to record. set system name name Species the name of your Cayman Gateway. Each Cayman Gateway is assigned a name as part of its factory initialization. The default name for a Cayman Gateway consists of the word Cayman-XX and the serial number of the device; for example, Cayman-2E810700. A system name can be 1-64 characters long. Once you have assigned a name to your Cayman Gateway, you can enter that name in the Address text eld of your browser to open a connection to your Cayman Gateway. NOTE:

Some broadband cable-oriented Service Providers use the System Name as an important identication and support parameter. If your Gateway is part of this type of network, do NOT alter the System Name unless specically instructed by your Service Pro-

vider. set system diagnostic-level

{ off | low | medium | alerts | failures }

Species the types of log messages you want the Cayman Gateway to record. All messages with a level equal to or greater than the level you specify are recorded. For example, if you specify set system diagnostic-level medium, the diagnostic log will retain medium-level informational messages, alerts, and failure messages. Specifying off turns off logging. 204 CONFIG Commands Use the following guidelines:

low - Low-level informational messages or greater; includes trivial status messages. medium - Medium-level informational messages or greater;

includes status messages that can help monitor network trafc. alerts - Warnings or greater; includes recoverable error conditions and useful operator information. failures - Failures; includes messages describing error conditions that may not be recoverable. set system password { admin | user }

Species the administrator or user password for a Cayman Gateway. When you enter the set system password com-

mand, you are prompted to enter the old password (if any) and new password. You are prompted to repeat the new password to verify that you entered it correctly the rst time. To prevent anyone from observing the password you enter, characters in the old and new passwords are not displayed as you type them. A password can be as many as eight characters. Passwords are case-sensitive. Passwords go into effect immediately. You do not have to restart the Cayman Gateway for the password to take effect. Assigning an administrator or user password to a Cayman Gate-

way does not affect communications through the device. 205 set system heartbeat { on | off }

protocol [ udp | tcp ]

port-client [ 1 - 65535 ]

ip-server ip_address port-server [ 1 - 65535 ]

url-server ("server_name") interval (00:00:00:20) contact-email ("string@domain_name") location ("string"):

The heartbeat setting is used in conjunction with the congura-

tion server to broadcast contact and location information about your Gateway. You can specify the protocol, port, IP-, port-, and URL-server. The interval setting species the broadcast update frequency. The contact-email setting is a quote-

enclosed text string giving an email address for the Gateways administrator. The location setting is a text string allowing you to specify your geographical or other location, such as Bil-

lerica, MA. set system ntp option [ off | on ]:

server-address (0.0.0.0) alt-server-address (""):

time-zone [ -12 - 12 ]

update-period (60) [ 1 - 65535 ]:

Species the NTP server address, time zone, and how often the Gateway should check the time from the NTP server. You can leave the NTP server set to 0.0.0.0 and it will use the server addresses known by the Gateway to update the GMT time. NTP time-zone of 0 is GMT time; options are -12 through 12 (+/- 1 hour increments from GMT time). The last setting is for specify-

ing how often, in minutes, the Gateway should update the clock. 206 CONFIG Commands Syslog set system syslog option [ off | on ]

Enables or disables system syslog feature. If syslog option is on, the following commands are available:

set system syslog host-nameip [ ip_address | hostname ]

Species the syslog servers address either in dotted decimal format or as a DNS name up to 64 characters. set system syslog log-facility [ local0 ... local7 ]

Sets the UNIX syslog Facility. Acceptable values are "local0"

through "local7"

set system syslog log-violations [ off | on ]

Species whether violations are logged or ignored. set system syslog log-accepted [ off | on ]

Species whether acceptances are logged or ignored. set system syslog log-attempts [ off | on ]

Species whether connection attempts are logged or ignored. Wireless Settings (supported models) set wireless option ( on | off ) Administratively enables or disables the wireless interface, if available. 207 set wireless essid { network_name }

Species the wireless network id for the Gateway. A unique essid is generated for each Gateway. You must set your wire-

less clients to connect to this exact id, which can be changed to any 32-character string. set wireless default-channel { 1...14 }

Species the wireless 2.4GHz subchannel on which the wire-

less Gateway will operate. For US operation, this is limited to channels 111. Other countries vary; for example, Japan is channel 14 only. The default channel in the US is 6. Channel selection can have a signicant impact on performance, depending on other wireless activity in proximity to this AP. Channel selection is not necessary at the clients; clients will scan the available channels and look for APs using the same essid as the client. set wireless closed-system { on | off }

(if supported) When this setting is enabled, a client must know the essid in order to connect or even see the wireless access point. When disabled, a client may 'scan' for available wireless access points and will see this one. Enable this setting for greater security. The default is on. set wireless wep option { off | on }

(if supported) WEP is Wired Equivalent Privacy, a method of encrypting data between the wireless Gateway and its clients. It is strongly recommended to turn this on as it is the primary way to protect your network and data from intruders. Note that 208 CONFIG Commands 40bit is the same as 64bit and will work with either type of wire-

less client. The default is off. A single key is selected (see default-key) for encryption of out-

bound/transmitted packets. The WEP-enabled client must have the identical key, of the same length, in the identical slot (1..4) as the wireless Gateway, in order to successfully receive and decrypt the packet. Similarly, the client also has a default key that it uses to encrypt its transmissions. In order for the wire-

less Gateway to receive the clients data, it must likewise have the identical key, of the same length, in the same slot. For sim-

plicity, a wireless Gateway and its clients need only enter, share, and use the rst key. set wireless wep exclude-unencrypted { on | off }

If disabled, this will allow non-WEP trafc through the wireless Gateway, bypassing WEP security. It is recommended to leave this enabled. The default is on. set wireless wep default-keyid { 1...4 }

Species which WEP encryption key (of 4) the wireless Gateway will use to transmit data. The client must have an identical matching key, in the same numeric slot, in order to successfully decode. Note that a client allows you to choose which of its keys it will use to transmit. Therefore, you must have an identi-

cal key in the same numeric slot on the Gateway. For simplicity, it is easiest to have both the Gateway and the cli-

ent transmit with the same key. The default is 1. 209 set wireless wep encryption-key1-length

{40/64bit, 128bit, 256bit}

set wireless wep encryption-key2-length

{40/64bit, 128bit, 256bit}

set wireless wep encryption-key3-length

{40/64bit, 128bit, 256bit}

set wireless wep encryption-key4-length

{40/64bit, 128bit, 256bit}

Selects the length of each encryption key. 40bit encryption is equivalent to 64bit encryption. The longer the key, the stronger the encryption and the more difcult it is to break the encryp-

tion. set wireless wep encryption-key1 { hexadecimal digits }

set wireless wep encryption-key2 { hexadecimal digits }

set wireless wep encryption-key3 { hexadecimal digits }

set wireless wep encryption-key4 { hexadecimal digits }

The encryption keys. Enter keys using hexadecimal digits. For 40/64bit encryption, you need 10 digits; 26 digits for 128bit, and 58 digits for 256bit WEP. Valid hexadecimal characters are 0..9, a..f. Example 40bit key: 02468ACE02. Example 128bit key: 0123456789ABCDEF0123456789. Example 256bit key:

592CA140F0A238B0C61AE162F592CA140F0A238B0C61AE162F21A09C. You must set at least one of these keys, indicated by the default-keyid. 210 CHAPTER 7 Glossary 10Base2. IEEE 802.3 specication for Ethernet that uses thin coaxial cable to run at 10 Mbps. Limited to 185 meters per segment. 10Base5 IEEE 802.3 baseband physical layer speci-

cation for Ethernet that uses thick coaxial cable to run at 10 Mbps. Limited to 500 meters per segment. 10Base-T. IEEE 802.3 specication for Ethernet that uses unshielded twisted pair (UTP) wiring with RJ-45 eight-conductor plugs at each end. Runs at 10 Mbps.

-----A-----

ACK. Acknowledgment. Message sent from one network device to another to indicate that some event has occurred. See NAK. access rate. Transmission speed, in bits per second, of the cir-

cuit between the end user and the network. 211 adapter. Board installed in a computer system to provide net-

work communication capability to and from that computer sys-

tem. address mask. See subnet mask. ADSL. Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line. Modems attached to twisted pair copper wiring that transmit 1.5-9 Mbps down-

stream (to the subscriber) and 16 -640 kbps upstream, depending on line distance. AH. The Authentication Header provides data origin authentica-

tion, connectionless integrity, and anti-replay protection ser-

vices. It protects all data in a datagram from tampering, including the elds in the header that do not change in transit. Does not provide condentiality. ANSI. American National Standards Institute. ASCII. American Standard Code for Information Interchange

(pronounced ASK-ee). Code in which numbers from 0 to 255 represent individual characters, such as letters, numbers, and punctuation marks; used in text representation and communi-

cation protocols. asynchronous communication. Network system that allows data to be sent at irregular intervals by preceding each octet with a start bit and following it with a stop bit. Compare syn-

chronous communication. AUI. Attachment Unit Interface. Connector by which a thick

(802.3) Ethernet transceiver cable is attached to a networked device. 212 Auth Protocol. Authentication Protocol for IP packet header. The three parameter values are None, Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) and Authentication Header (AH).

-----B-----

backbone. The segment of the network used as the primary path for transporting trafc between network segments. baud rate. Unit of signaling speed equal to the number of num-

ber of times per second a signal in a communications channel varies between states. Baud is synonymous with bits per sec-

ond (bps) if each signal represents one bit. binary. Numbering system that uses only zeros and ones. Blowsh. A 64-bit block cipher, contains a variable length key of maximum 448 bits. bps. Bits per second. A measure of data transmission speed. BRI. Basic Rate Interface. ISDN standard for provision of low-

speed ISDN services (two B channels (64 kbps each) and one D channel (16 kbps)) over a single wire pair. bridge. Device that passes packets between two network seg-

ments according to the packets' destination address. broadcast. Message sent to all nodes on a network. broadcast address. Special IP address reserved for simulta-

neous broadcast to all network nodes. buffer. Storage area used to hold data until it can be for-

warded. 213

-----C-----

carrier. Signal suitable for transmission of information. CAST. Encryption algorithm using variable key length of maxi-

mum 128 bits. CCITT. Comit Consultatif International Tlgraphique et Tlphonique or Consultative Committee for International Tele-

graph and Telephone. An international organization responsible for developing telecommunication standards. CD. Carrier Detect. CHAP. Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol. Security protocol in PPP that prevents unauthorized access to network services. See RFC 1334 for PAP specications Compare PAP. client. Network node that requests services from a server. CPE. Customer Premises Equipment. Terminating equipment such as terminals, telephones and modems that connects a customer site to the telephone company network. CO. Central Ofce. Typically a local telephone company facility responsible for connecting all lines in an area. compression. Operation performed on a data set that reduces its size to improve storage or transmission rate. crossover cable. Cable that lets you connect a port on one Ethernet hub to a port on another Ethernet hub. You can order an Ethernet crossover cable from Netopia, if needed. 214 CSU/DSU. Channel Service Unit/Data Service Unit. Device responsible for connecting a digital circuit, such as a T1 link, with a terminal or data communications device. CTS. Clear to Send. Circuit activated in hardware ow control when a modem (or other DCE) is ready to accept data from the computer (or other DTE). Compare RTS, xon/xoff.

-----D-----

data bits. Number of bits used to make up a character. datagram. Logical grouping of information sent as a network-

layer unit. Compare frame, packet. DCE. Digital Communication Equipment. Device that connects the communication circuit to the network end node (DTE). A modem and a CSU/DSU are examples of a DCE. dedicated line. Communication circuit that is used exclusively to connect two network devices. Compare dial on demand. DES. Data Encryption Standard is a 56-bit encryption algo-

rithm developed by the U.S. National Bureau of Standards (now the National Institute of Standards and Technology). 3DES. Triple DES, with a 168 bit encryption key, is the most accepted variant of DES. DH Group. Dife-Hellman is a public key algorithm used between two systems to determine and deliver secret keys used for encryption. Groups 1, 2 and 5 are supported. Also, see Dife-Hellman listing. 215 DHCP. Dynamic Host Conguration Protocol. A network congu-

ration protocol that lets a router or other device assign IP addresses and supply other network conguration information to computers on your network. dial in . Port setting that species that other routers can ini-

tiate a connection to the local router but that the local router cannot initiate a connection to other routers. A port can be set as both dial in and dial out. Compare dial out. dial on demand. Communication circuit opened over standard telephone lines when a network connection is needed. dial out. Port setting that species that it can initiate a connec-

tion to other routers but that other routers cannot initiate a con-

nection to it. A port can be set as both dial in and dial out. Compare dial in. Dife-Hellman. A group of key-agreement algorithms that let two computers compute a key independently without exchang-

ing the actual key. It can generate an unbiased secret key over an insecure medium. domain name. Name identifying an organization on the Inter-

net. Domain names consists of sets of characters separated by periods (dots). The last set of characters identies the type of organization (.GOV, .COM, .EDU) or geographical location (.US,

.SE). domain name server. Network computer that matches host names to IP addresses in response to Domain Name System

(DNS) requests. Domain Name System (DNS). Standard method of identifying computers by name rather than by numeric IP address. 216 DSL. Digital Subscriber Line. Modems on either end of a single twisted pair wire that delivers ISDN Basic Rate Access. DTE. Data Terminal Equipment. Network node that passes information to a DCE (modem) for transmission. A computer or router communicating through a modem is an example of a DTE device. DTR. Data Terminal Ready. Circuit activated to indicate to a modem (or other DCE) that the computer (or other DTE) is ready to send and receive data.

-----E-----

echo interval. Frequency with which the router sends out echo requests. Enable. This toggle button is used to enable/disable the con-

gured tunnel. encapsulation. Technique used to enclose information format-

ted for one protocol, such as AppleTalk, within a packet format-

ted for a different protocol, such as TCP/IP. Encrypt Protocol. Encryption protocol for the tunnel session. Parameter values supported include NONE or ESP. encryption. The application of a specic algorithm to a data set so that anyone without the encryption key cannot under-

stand the information. ESP. Encapsulation Security Payload (ESP) header provides condentiality, data origin authentication, connectionless integ-

rity, anti-replay protection, and limited trafc ow condentiality. 217 It encrypts the contents of the datagram as specied by the Security Association. The ESP transformations encrypt and decrypt portions of datagrams, wrapping or unwrapping the dat-

agram within another IP datagram. Optionally, ESP transforma-

tions may perform data integrity validation and compute an Integrity Check Value for the datagram being sent. The com-

plete IP datagram is enclosed within the ESP payload. Ethernet crossover cable. See crossover cable.

-----F-----

FCS. Frame Check Sequence. Data included in frames for error control. ow control. Technique using hardware circuits or control char-

acters to regulate the transmission of data between a computer

(or other DTE) and a modem (or other DCE). Typically, the modem has buffers to hold data; if the buffers approach capac-

ity, the modem signals the computer to stop while it catches up on processing the data in the buffer. See CTS, RTS, xon/xoff. fragmentation. Process of breaking a packet into smaller units so that they can be sent over a network medium that cannot transmit the complete packet as a unit. frame. Logical grouping of information sent as a link-layer unit. Compare datagram, packet. FTP. File Transfer Protocol. Application protocol that lets one IP node transfer les to and from another node. FTP server. Host on network from which clients can transfer les. 218

-----H-----

Hard MBytes. Setting the Hard MBytes parameter forces the renegotiation of the IPSec Security Associations (SAs) at the congured Hard MByte value. The value can be congured between 1 and 1,000,000 MB and refers to data trafc passed. Hard Seconds. Setting the Hard Seconds parameter forces the renegotiation of the IPSec Security Associations (SAs) at the congured Hard Seconds value. The value can be cong-

ured between 60 and 1,000,000 seconds hardware handshake. Method of ow control using two con-

trol lines, usually Request to Send (RTS) and Clear to Send

(CTS). HDLC. High-level Data Link Control. HDSL. High-data-rate Digital Subscribe Line. Modems on either end of one or more twisted pair wires that deliver T1 or E1 speeds. T1 requires two lines and E1 requires three. Compare ADSL, SDSL. header. The portion of a packet, preceding the actual data, containing source and destination addresses and error-check-

ing elds. HMAC. Hash-based Message Authentication Code hop. A unit for measuring the number of routers a packet has passed through when traveling from one network to another. 219 hop count. Distance, measured in the number of routers to be traversed, from a local router to a remote network. See metric. hub. Another name for a repeater. The hub is a critical network element that connects everything to one centralized point. A hub is simply a box with multiple ports for network connections. Each device on the network is attached to the hub via an Ether-

net cable.

-----I-----

IKE. Internet Key Exchange protocol provides automated key management and is a preferred alternative to manual key man-

agement as it provides better security. Manual key manage-

ment is practical in a small, static environment of two or three sites. Exchanging the key is done through manual means. Because IKE provides automated key exchange, it is good for larger, more dynamic environments. INSPECTION. The best option for Internet communications security is to have an SMLI rewall constantly inspecting the ow of trafc: determining direction, limiting or eliminating inbound access, and verifying down to the packet level that the network trafc is only what the customer chooses. The Cayman Gateway works like a network super trafc cop, inspecting and ltering out undesired trafc based on your security policy and resulting conguration. interface. A connection between two devices or networks. internet address. IP address. A 32-bit address used to route packets on a TCP/IP network. In dotted decimal notation, each eight bits of the 32-bit number are presented as a decimal num-

ber, with the four octets separated by periods. 220 IPCP. Internet Protocol Control Protocol. A network control pro-

tocol in PPP specifying how IP communications will be cong-

ured and operated over a PPP link. IPSEC. A protocol suite dened by the Internet Engineering Task Force to protect IP trafc at packet level. It can be used for protecting the data transmitted by any service or application that is based on IP, but is commonly used for VPNs. ISAKMP. Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol is a framework for creating connection specic param-

eters. It is a protocol for establishing, negotiating, modifying, and deleting SAs and provides a framework for authentication and key exchange. ISAKMP is a part of the IKE protocol. ISDN. Integrated Services Digital Network. A digital network with circuit and packet switching for voice and data communica-

tions at data rates up to 1.544 or 2.048 Mbps over telephone networks.

-----K-----

Key Management . The Key Management algorithm manages the exchange of security keys in the IPSec protocol architec-

ture. SafeHarbour supports the standard Internet Key Exchange (IKE)

-----L-----

LCP. Link Control Protocol. Protocol responsible for negotiating connection conguration parameters, authenticating peers on the link, determining whether a link is functioning properly, and terminating the link. Documented in RFC 1331. 221 LQM Link Quality Monitoring. Optional facility that lets PPP make policy decisions based on the observed quality of the link between peers. Documented in RFC 1333. loopback test. Diagnostic procedure in which data is sent from a devices's output channel and directed back to its input chan-

nel so that what was sent can be compared to what was received.

-----M-----

magic number. Random number generated by a router and included in packets it sends to other routers. If the router receives a packet with the same magic number it is using, the router sends and receives packets with new random numbers to determine if it is talking to itself. MD5. A 128-bit, message-digest, authentication algorithm used to create digital signatures. It computes a secure, irreversible, cryptographically strong hash value for a document. Less secure than variant SHA-1. metric. Distance, measured in the number of routers a packet must traverse, that a packet must travel to go from a router to a remote network. A route with a low metric is considered more efcient, and therefore preferable, to a route with a high metric. See hop count. modem. Modulator/demodulator. Device used to convert a dig-

ital signal to an analog signal for transmission over standard telephone lines. A modem at the other end of the connection converts the analog signal back to a digital signal. MRU. Maximum Receive Unit. The maximum packet size, in bytes, that a network interface will accept. 222 MTU. Maximum Transmission Unit. The maximum packet size, in bytes, that can be sent over a network interface. MULTI-LAYER. The Open System Interconnection (OSI) model divides network trafc into seven distinct levels, from the Physi-

cal (hardware) layer to the Application (software) layer. Those in between are the Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, and Data Link layers. Simple rst and second generation re-

wall technologies inspect between 1 and 3 layers of the 7 layer model, while our SMLI engine inspects layers 2 through 7.

-----N-----

NAK. Negative acknowledgment. See ACK. Name. The Name parameter refers to the name of the cong-

ured tunnel. This is mainly used as an identier for the adminis-

trator. The Name parameter is an ASCII and is limited to 31characters. The tunnel name is the only IPSec parameter that does not need to match the peer gateway. NCP. Network Control Protocol. Negotiation Method. This parameter refers to the method used during the Phase I key exchange, or IKE process. SafeHar-

bour supports Main or Aggressive Mode. Main mode requires 3 two-way message exchanges while Aggressive mode only requires 3 total message exchanges. null modem. Cable or connection device used to connect two computing devices directly rather than over a network. 223

-----P-----

packet. Logical grouping of information that includes a header and data. Compare frame, datagram. PAP. Password Authentication Protocol. Security protocol within the PPP protocol suite that prevents unauthorized access to network services. See RFC 1334 for PAP specications. Com-

pare CHAP. parity. Method of checking the integrity of each character received over a communication channel. Peer External IP Address. The Peer External IP Address is the public, or routable IP address of the remote gateway or VPN server you are establishing the tunnel with. Peer Internal IP Network. The Peer Internal IP Network is the private, or Local Area Network (LAN) address of the remote gateway or VPN Server you are communicating with. Peer Internal IP Netmask. The Peer Internal IP Netmask is the subnet mask of the Peer Internal IP Network. PFS-DH. Perfect Forward Secrecy Dife Hellman Group. PFS forces a DH negotiation during Phase II of IKE-IPSec SA exchange. You can disable this or select a DH group 1, 2, or 5. PFS is a security principle that ensures that any single key being compromised will permit access to only data protected by that single key. In PFS, the key used to protect transmission of data must not be used to derive any additional keys. If the key was derived from some other keying material, that material must not be used to derive any more keys. 224 PING. Packet INternet Groper. Utility program that uses an ICMP echo message and its reply to verify that one network node can reach another. Often used to verify that two hosts can communicate over a network. PPP. Point-to-Point Protocol. Provides a method for transmitting datagrams over serial router-to-router or host-to-network con-

nections using synchronous or asynchronous circuits. Pre-Shared Key. The Pre-Shared Key is a parameter used for authenticating each side. The value can be an ASCII or Hex and a maximum of 64 characters. Pre-Shared Key Type. The Pre-Shared Key Type classies the Pre-Shared Key. SafeHarbour supports ASCII or HEX types protocol. Formal set of rules and conventions that specify how information can be exchanged over a network. PSTN. Public Switched Telephone Network.

-----R-----

repeater. Device that regenerates and propagates electrical signals between two network segments. Also known as a hub. RFC. Request for Comment. Set of documents that specify the conventions and standards for TCP/IP networking. RIP. Routing Information Protocol. Protocol responsible for dis-

tributing information about available routes and networks from one router to another. RJ-45. Eight-pin connector used for 10BaseT (twisted pair Ethernet) networks. 225 route. Path through a network from one node to another. A large internetwork can have several alternate routes from a source to a destination. routing table. Table stored in a router or other networking device that records available routes and distances for remote network destinations. RTS. Request to Send. Circuit activated in hardware ow con-

trol when a computer (or other DTE) is ready to transmit data to a modem (or other DCE). See CTS, xon/xoff.

-----S-----

SA Encrypt Type. SA Encryption Type refers to the symmetric encryption type. This encryption algorithm will be used to encrypt each data packet. SA Encryption Type values supported include DES, 3DES, CAST and Blowsh. SA Hash Type. SA Hash Type refers to the Authentication Hash algorithm used during SA negotiation. Values supported include MD5 SHA1. N/A will display if NONE is chose for Auth Protocol. Security Association. From the IPSEC point of view, an SA is a data structure that describes which transformation is to be applied to a datagram and how. The SA species:

The authentication algorithm for AH and ESP The encryption algorithm for ESP The encryption and authentication keys Lifetime of encryption keys The lifetime of the SA Replay prevention sequence number and the replay bit table 226 An arbitrary 32-bit number called a Security Parameters Index

(SPI), as well as the destination hosts address and the IPSEC protocol identier, identify each SA. An SPI is assigned to an SA when the SA is negotiated. The SA can be referred to by using an SPI in AH and ESP transformations. SA is unidirectional. SAs are commonly setup as bundles, because typically two SAs are required for communications. SA management is always done on bundles (setup, delete, relay). serial communication. Method of data transmission in which data bits are transmitted sequentially over a communication channel SHA-1. An implementation of the U.S. Government Secure Hash Algorithm; a 160-bit authentication algorithm. SLIP. Serial Line Internet Protocol. Predecessor to PPP that allows communication over serial point-to-point connections running TCP/IP. Dened in RFC 1055. Soft MBytes. Setting the Soft MBytes parameter forces the renegotiation of the IPSec Security Associations (SAs) at the congured Soft MByte value. The value can be congured between 1 and 1,000,000 MB and refers to data trafc passed. If this value is not achieved, the Hard MBytes parameter is enforced. Soft Seconds. Setting the Soft Seconds parameter forces the renegotiation of the IPSec Security Associations (SAs) at the congured Soft Seconds value. The value can be congured between 60 and 1,000,000 seconds. SPI . The Security Parameter Index is an identier for the encryption and authentication algorithm and key. The SPI indi-

cates to the remote rewall the algorithm and key being used to 227 encrypt and authenticate a packet. It should be a unique num-

ber greater than 255. STATEFUL. The Cayman Gateway monitors and maintains the state of any network transaction. In terms of network request-

and-reply, state consists of the source IP address, destination IP address, communication ports, and data sequence. The Cay-

man Gateway processes the stream of a network conversation, rather than just individual packets. It veries that packets are sent from and received by the proper IP addresses along the proper communication ports in the correct order and that no imposter packets interrupt the packet ow. Packet ltering mon-

itors only the ports involved, while the Cayman Gateway ana-

lyzes the continuous conversation stream, preventing session hijacking and denial of service attacks. static route. Route entered manually in a routing table. subnet mask. A 32-bit address mask that identies which bits of an IP address represent network address information and which bits represent node identier information. synchronous communication. Method of data communica-

tion requiring the transmission of timing signals to keep PPP peers synchronized in sending and receiving blocks of data.

-----T-----

T1 link. Digital transmission link capable of speeds up to 1544 kilobits per second. TA. Terminal adaptor. Device that connects a network or termi-

nal to an ISDN network. 228 telnet. IP protocol that lets a user on one host establish and use a virtual terminal connection to a remote host. twisted pair. Cable consisting of two copper strands twisted around each other. The twisting provides protection against electromagnetic interference.

-----U-----

UTP. Unshielded twisted pair cable.

-----V-----

VJ. Van Jacobson. Abbreviation for a compression standard documented in RFC 1144.

-----W-----

WAN. Wide Area Network. Private network facilities, usually offered by public telephone companies but increasingly avail-

able from alternative access providers (sometimes called Com-

petitive Access Providers, or CAPs), that link business network nodes. WWW. World Wide Web.

-----X-----

xon/xoff. Special characters used for software ow control to regulate communication between a device and a modem. 229 230 Description CHAPTER 8 Technical Specifications and Safety Information Description Dimensions: 13.5 cm (w) x 13.5 cm (d) x 3.5 cm (h) 5.25 (w) x 5.25 (d) x 1.5 (h) Communications interfaces: The Netopia 3300 Series Gateways have an RJ-11 jack for DSL line connections or an RJ-45 jack for cable/DSL modem connections and 1 or 4port 10/100Base-T Ethernet switch for your LAN connections. Some models have a USB port that can be used to connect to your PC; in some cases, the USB port also serves as the power source. Some models contain an 802.11b wireless LAN transmitter. 231 Power requirements 12 VDC input 1.0 amps USB-powered models only: For Use with Listed I.T.E. Only Environment Operating temperature: 0 to +40 C Storage temperature: 0 to +70 C Relative storage humidity: 20 to 80% noncondensing Software and protocols Software media: Software preloaded on internal ash memory; eld upgrades done via download to internal ash memory via TFTP or web upload. Routing: TCP/IP Internet Protocol Suite, RIP WAN support: PPPoE, DHCP, static IP address Security: PAP, UI password security Management/conguration methods: HTTP (Web server), Telnet Diagnostics: Ping, event logging, routing table displays, statistics counters, web-based management 232 Agency approvals Agency approvals North America Safety Approvals:

United States UL: 1950 Third Edition Canada CSA: CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 950-95 EMC:

United States FCC Part 15 Class B Canada ICES-003 Telecom:

United States FCC Part 68 Canada CS-03 International Safety Approvals:

Low Voltage (European directive) 73/23 EN60950 (Europe) EMI Compatibility:

89/336/EEC (European directive) EN55022:1994 CISPR22 Class B EN300 386 V1.2.1 (non-wireless products) EN 301-489 (wireless products) Regulatory notices European Community. This Netopia product conforms to the European Community CE Mark standard for the design and manufacturing of information technology equipment. This standard covers a broad area of product design, including RF emissions and immunity from electrical disturbances. 233 The Netopia 3300 Series complies with the following EU directives:

Low Voltage, 73/23/EEC EMC Compatibility, 89/336/EEC, conforming to EN 55 022 Manufacturers Declaration of Conformance Warnings:

This is a Class B product. In a domestic environment this prod-

uct may cause radio interference, in which case the user may be required to take adequate measures. Adequate measures include increasing the physical distance between this product and other electrical devices. Changes or modications to this unit not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the users authority to operate the equipment. United States. This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver. Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to 234 Manufacturers Declaration of Conformance which the receiver is connected. Consult the dealer or an experienced radio TV technician for help. Service requirements. In the event of equipment malfunction, all repairs should be performed by our Company or an authorized agent. Under FCC rules, no customer is authorized to repair this equipment. This restriction applies regardless of whether the equipment is in or our of warranty. It is the responsibility of users requiring service to report the need for service to our Company or to one of our authorized agents. Service can be obtained at Netopia, Inc., 6001 Shellmound Street, Emeryville, California, 94608. Telephone: 510-597-5400. Important This product was tested for FCC compliance under conditions that included the use of shielded cables and connectors between system components. Changes or modications to this product not authorized by the manufacturer could void your authority to operate the equipment. Canada. This Class B digital apparatus meets all requirements of the Canadian Interference -Causing Equipment Regulations. Cet appareil numrique de la classe B respecte toutes les exigences du Rglement sur le matriel brouilleur du Canada. Declaration for Canadian users NOTICE: The Canadian Industry Canada label identies certied equipment. This certication means that the equipment meets certain telecommunications network protective, operation, and safety requirements. The Department does not guarantee the equipment will operate to the users satisfaction. 235 Before installing this equipment, users should ensure that it is permissible to be connected to the facilities of the local telecommunications company. The equipment must also be installed using an acceptable method of connection. In some cases, the companys inside wiring associated with a single line individual service may be extended by means of a certied connector assembly (telephone extension cord). The customer should be aware that compliance with the above conditions may not prevent degradation of service in some situations. Repairs to the certied equipment should be made by an authorized Canadian maintenance facility designated by the supplier. Any repairs or alterations made by the user to this equipment, or equipment malfunctions, may give the telecommunications company cause to request the user to disconnect the equipment. Users should ensure for their own protection that the electrical ground connections of the power utility, telephone lines, and internal metallic water pipe system, if present, are connected together. This precaution may be particularly important in rural areas. Caution Users should not attempt to make such connections themselves, but should contact the appropriate electric inspection authority, or electrician, as appropriate. The Ringer Equivalence Number (REN) assigned to each terminal device provides an indication of the maximum number of terminals allowed to be connected to a telephone interface. The termination on an interface may consist of any combination of devices subject only to the requirement that the sum of the Ringer Equivalence Numbers of all the devices does not exceed 5. 236 Important Safety Instructions Important Safety Instructions Australian Safety Information The following safety information is provided in conformance with Australian safety requirements:

Caution DO NOT USE BEFORE READING THE INSTRUCTIONS: Do not connect the Ethernet ports to a carrier or carriage service providers telecommunica-

tions network or facility unless: a) you have the written consent of the network or facility manager, or b) the connection is in accordance with a connection permit or connection rules. Connection of the Ethernet ports may cause a hazard or damage to the tele-

communication network or facility, or persons, with consequential liability for substantial compensation. Caution The direct plug-in power supply serves as the main power disconnect;

locate the direct plug-in power supply near the product for easy access. For use only with CSA Certied Class 2 power supply, rated 12VDC, 1.0A. Telecommunication installation cautions Never install telephone wiring during a lightning storm. Never install telephone jacks in wet locations unless the jack is specically designed for wet locations. Never touch uninsulated telephone wires or terminals unless the telephone line has been disconnected at the network interface. Use caution when installing or modifying telephone lines. Avoid using a telephone (other than a cordless type) during an electrical storm. There may be a remote risk of electric shock from lightning. Do not use the telephone to report a gas leak in the vicinity of the leak. 237 FCC Part 68 Information FCC Requirements 1. 2. 3. 4. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has established Rules which permit this device to be directly connected to the telephone network. Standardized jacks are used for these connections. This equipment should not be used on party lines or coin phones. If this device is malfunctioning, it may also be causing harm to the telephone network; this device should be disconnected until the source of the problem can be determined and until repair has been made. If this is not done, the telephone company may temporarily disconnect service. The telephone company may make changes in its technical operations and procedures; if such changes affect the compatibility or use of this device, the telephone company is required to give adequate notice of the changes. You will be advised of your right to le a complaint with the FCC. If the telephone company requests information on what equipment is connected to their lines, inform them of:

a. The telephone number to which this unit is connected. b. The ringer equivalence number. [0.XB]

c. The USOC jack required. [RJ11C]

d. The FCC Registration Number. [XXXUSA-XXXXX-XX-E]

Items (b) and (d) are indicated on the label. The Ringer Equivalence Number (REN) is used to determine how many devices can be connected to your telephone line. In most areas, the sum of the REN's of all devices on any one line should not exceed ve (5.0). If too many devices are attached, they may not ring properly. FCC Statements a) This equipment complies with Part 68 of the FCC rules and the requirements adopted by the ACTA. On the bottom of this equipment is a label that contains, among other information, a product identier in the format US:AAAEQ##TXXXX. If requested, this number must be provided to the telephone company. 238 FCC Part 68 Information b) List all applicable certication jack Universal Service Order Codes

(USOC) for the equipment: RJ11. c) A plug and jack used to connect this equipment to the premises wiring and telephone network must comply with the applicable FCC Part 68 rules and requirements adopted by the ACTA. A compliant telephone cord and modular plug is provided with this product. It is designed to be connected to a compatible modular jack that is also compliant. See installation instructions for details. d) The REN is used to determine the number of devices that may be connected to a telephone line. Excessive RENs on a telephone line may result in the devices not ringing in response to an incoming call. In most but not all areas, the sum of RENs should not exceed ve (5.0). To be certain of the number of devices that may be connected to a line, as determined by the total RENs, contact the local telephone company. For products approved after July 23, 2002, the REN for this product is part of the product identier that has the format US:AAAEQ##TXXXX. The digits represented by ## are the REN without a decimal point (e.g., 03 is a REN of 0.3). For earlier products, the REN is separately shown on the label. e) If this equipment, the Netopia 3300 Series router, causes harm to the telephone network, the telephone company will notify you in advance that temporary discontinuance of service may be required. But if advance notice isnt practical, the telephone company will notify the customer as soon as possible. Also, you will be advised of your right to le a complaint with the FCC if you believe it is necessary. f) The telephone company may make changes in its facilities, equipment, operations or procedures that could affect the operation of the equipment. If this happens the telephone company will provide advance notice in order for you to make necessary modications to maintain uninterrupted service. g) If trouble is experienced with this equipment, the Netopia 3300 Series router, for repair or warranty information, please contact:

Netopia Technical Support 510-597-5400 www.netopia.com. If the equipment is causing harm to the telephone network, the telephone company may request that you disconnect the equipment until the problem is resolved. h) This equipment not intended to be repaired by the end user. In case of any problems, please refer to the troubleshooting section of the Product User Manual before calling Netopia Technical Support. 239 i) Connection to party line service is subject to state tariffs. Contact the state public utility commission, public service commission or corporation commission for information. j) If your home has specially wired alarm equipment connected to the telephone line, ensure the installation of this Netopia 3300 Series router does not disable your alarm equipment. If you have questions about what will disable alarm equipment, consult your telephone company or qualied installer. RF Exposure Statement:

NOTE: Installation of the wireless models must maintain at least 20 cm between the wireless router and any body part of the user to be in compliance with FCC RF exposure guidelines. Electrical Safety Advisory Telephone companies report that electrical surges, typically lightning transients, are very destructive to customer terminal equipment connected to AC power sources. This has been identied as a major nationwide problem. Therefore it is advised that this equipment be connected to AC power through the use of a surge arrestor or similar protection device. 240 Index Symbols

!! command 156 A Access the GUI 44 Address resolution table 164 Administrative restrictions 186 Administrator password 44, 107, 154 Arguments, CLI 170 ARP Command 157, 166 Authentication 199 Authentication trap 202 B Bridging 176 Broadcast address 180, 182 C CLI 151

!! command 156 Arguments 170 Command shortcuts 156 Command truncation 169 Configuration mode 168 Keywords 170 Navigating 168 Prompt 156, 168 Restart command 156 SHELL mode 156 View command 172 Command ARP 157, 166 Ping 160 Telnet 165 Command line interface (see CLI) Community 202 Compression, protocol 197 CONFIG Command List 153 Configuration mode 168 D Default IP address 44 denial of service 228 DHCP 177 DHCP lease table 162 Diagnostic log 162, 164 Level 204 Diagnostics 37 DNS 179 DNS Proxy 36 Documentation conventions 11 Domain System

(DNS) 179 Name E Echo request 197 Embedded Web Server 37 Ethernet address 176 Ethernet statistics 162 241 F Feature Keys Obtaining 124 FTP 194 H Hardware address 176 hijacking 228 Hop count 192 HTTP traffic 201 I ICMP Echo 160 Install 118 IP address 180, 182 Default 44 IP interfaces 164 IP routes 164 K Keywords, CLI 170 L LCP echo request 197 Link Install Software 118 Quickstart 53, 55, 64 Local Area Network 36 Location, SNMP 202, 203 Log 164 Logging in 154 M Magic number 197 Memory 164 Metric 192 N Nameserver 179 NAT 38, 186, 194 Traffic rules 83 NAT Default Server 42 Netmask 183 Network Translation 38 Network Test Tools 37 NSLookup 38 Address P PAP 34 Password 107 Administrator 44, 107, 154 User 44, 107, 154 Ping 38 Ping command 160 Pinholes 41, 194 Planning 70 Port authentication 199 Port forwarding 41 Port renumbering 201 PPP 167 PPPoE 34 Primary nameserver 179 Prompt, CLI 156, 168 Protocol compression 197 242 Q qos peak-cell-rate 175 qos service-class 174 R Restart 163 Restart command 156 Restart timer 198 Restrictions 186 RIP 183 Routing Information Protocol

(RIP) 183 ip static-routes S Secondary nameserver 179 Security log 115 Set bncp command 174, 175, 176 Set bridge commands 177 Set dns commands 179 Set commands 191 Set ppp module port authentica-

tion command 199 Set command 200 Set command 200 Set servers command 201 Set command 201 Set snmp sysgroup command 203 Set snmp traps authentification-

preference preference telnet-tcp servers verbose location more system heartbeat diagnostic-level traps ip-address command 203 set state-insp 189 Set system command 204 Set command 206 Set system name command 204 Set system NTP command 206 Set password command 205 set system syslog 207 Set command 207 SHELL wireless system option Command Shortcuts 156 Commands 156 Prompt 156 SHELL level 168 SHELL mode 156 Show ppp 167 Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) 202 SMTP 194 SNMP 86, 194, 202 Stateful Inspection 93 Static route 191 Step mode 172 Subnet mask 183 Syslog 99 System contact, SNMP 202, 203 System diagnostics 204 T Telnet 154, 194 Telnet command 165 243 Telnet traffic 201 TFTP 194 TFTP server 159 Toolbar 48 TraceRoute 38, 148 Trap 202 Trivial Protocol 158 Truncation 169 File Transfer U Universal Coordinated Time

(UTC) 116 User name 154 User password 44, 107, 154 V set atm 174, 175 View command 172 VPN IPSec Pass Through 42 W Wide Area Network 34 Wireless 58 244 Cayman 3300 series by Netopia Netopia, Inc. 6001 Shellmound Street Emeryville, CA 94608 May, 2003