FCC ID: TX2RTL8188CEBT 802.11b/g/n RTL8188CE Combo miniCard

Lenovo IdeaPad S100 User Guide V1.0 L e n o v o C h n a i New World. New Thinking.TM www.lenovo.com 2 0 1 1 V1.0_en-US Read the safety notices and important tips in the included manuals before using your computer. Note Before using the product, be sure to read Lenovo Safety and General Information Guide first. Some instructions in this guide may assume that you are using Windows 7. If you are using other Windows operating system, some operations may be slightly different. If you are using other operating systems, some operations may not apply to you. The features described in this guide are common to most models. Some features may not be available on your computer and/or your computer may include features that are not described in this user guide. The illustrations in this manual may differ from the product you are using. Regulatory Notice To refer to it, go to http://consumersupport.lenovo.com/ and click User guides and manuals. First Edition (January 2011) Copyright Lenovo 2011. LIMITED AND RESTRICTED RIGHTS NOTICE: If data or software are delivered pursuant a General Services Administration GSA contract, use, reproduction, or disclosure is subject to restrictions set forth in Contract No. GS-35F-05925. Contents Chapter 1. Getting to know your computer .......................................... 1 Top view.......................................................................................................................1 Left-side view ..............................................................................................................3 Right-side view............................................................................................................4 Front view ....................................................................................................................4 Bottom view .................................................................................................................5 Chapter 2. Learning the basics.............................................................. 6 First use.........................................................................................................................6 Using AC adapter and battery ..................................................................................8 Using the touchpad...................................................................................................10 Using function keys ..................................................................................................11 Connecting external devices....................................................................................13 System status indicators...........................................................................................17 Using Lenovo Quick Start........................................................................................19 Chapter 3. Connecting to the Internet................................................. 21 Wired connections.....................................................................................................21 Wireless connections.................................................................................................23 Chapter 4. OneKey Rescue system..................................................... 25 OneKey Rescue system ............................................................................................25 Chapter 5. Troubleshooting ................................................................. 28 Frequently asked questions .....................................................................................28 Troubleshooting ........................................................................................................30 Trademarks............................................................................................ 35 i Chapter 1. Getting to know your computer Top view - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Attention:

Do NOT open the display panel beyond 130 degrees. When closing the display panel, be careful NOT to leave pens or any other objects in between the display panel and the keyboard. Otherwise, the display panel may be damaged. 1 Chapter 1. Getting to know your computer Integrated camera Built-in microphone Use the camera for video communication. The built-in microphone (with noise reduction) can be used for video conferencing, voice narration, or simple audio recordings. Computer display The computer display with LED backlight provides QS (Quick Start) button OneKey Rescue system button brilliant visual output. When the computer is powered off, press this button to start Lenovo Quick Start. When the computer is powered off, press this button to start Lenovo OneKey Rescue system. Note: For details, see OneKey Rescue system on page 25. Power button System status indicators Touchpad Wireless module antennas Press this button to turn on the computer. For details, see System status indicators on page 17. The touchpad functions as a conventional mouse. The built-in antennas ensure optimal reception of wireless radio. 2 Chapter 1. Getting to know your computer Left-side view - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

AC power adapter jack Connect the AC adapter here. VGA port Fan louvers USB port Connects to USB devices. Dissipate internal heat. Connects to external display devices. Note: For details, see Connecting USB devices on page 15. Combo audio jack Connects to headsets or headphones. Note: The combo audio jack does not support a conventional microphone. Attention:

Listening to music at high volume over extended periods of time may damage your hearing. 3 Chapter 1. Getting to know your computer Right-side view - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

USB port Connects to USB devices. Note: For details, see Connecting USB devices on page 15. RJ-45 port This port connects the computer to an Ethernet network. Note: For details, see Wired connections on page 21. Lanyard hole Used for attaching a lanyard (not supplied). Front view - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Memory card slot Insert memory cards (not supplied) here. Note: For details, see Using memory cards (not supplied) on page 13. 4 Chapter 1. Getting to know your computer Bottom view - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Battery latch -

manual Battery pack Battery latch -

spring loaded Speakers The manual battery latch is used to keep the battery pack secured in place. For details, see Using AC adapter and battery on page 8. The spring-loaded battery latch keeps the battery pack secured in place. The stereo speakers provide rich and powerful sound. 5 Chapter 2. Learning the basics First use - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Reading the manuals Read the supplied manuals before using your computer.

Connecting to the power The supplied battery pack is not fully charged at purchase. To charge the battery and begin using your computer, insert the battery pack and connect the computer to an electrical outlet. The battery is automatically charged while the computer is running on AC power. Installing the battery pack Refer to the supplied Setup Poster to install the battery pack. Connecting the computer to an electrical outlet 1 Connect the power cord to the AC adapter. 2 Connect the AC adapter to the AC power adapter jack of the computer firmly. 3 Plug the power cord into an electrical outlet.

Turning on the computer Press the power button to turn on the computer.

Configuring the operating system You may need to configure the operating system when it is first used. The configuration process may include the procedures below.

Accepting the end user license agreement

Configuring the Internet connection

Registering the operating system

Creating a user account 6 Chapter 2. Learning the basics

Putting your computer into sleep state or shutting it down When you finish working with your computer, you can put it into sleep state or shut it down. Putting your computer into sleep state If you will be away from your computer for only a short time, put the computer into sleep state. When the computer is in sleep state, you can quickly wake it to resume use, and bypass the startup process. To put the computer into sleep state, do one of the following.

Click

Press Fn + F1. Note: Wait until the power indicator light starts blinking (indicating that the computer is and select Sleep from the Start menu. in sleep state) before you move your computer. Moving your computer while the hard disk is spinning can damage the hard disk, causing loss of data. To wake the computer, do one of the following.

Press the power button.

Press any key on the keyboard.

Shutting down your computer If you are not going to use your computer for a day or two, shut it down. To shut down your computer, click menu. and select Shut down from the Start 7 Chapter 2. Learning the basics Using AC adapter and battery - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Checking battery status You can determine the percentage of battery power remaining by checking the battery icon in the notification area. Note: As each computer user has different habits and needs, it is difficult to predict how long a battery charge will last. There are two main factors:

The amount of energy stored in the battery when you commence work.

The way you use your computer: for example, how often you access the hard disk drive and how bright you make the computer display.

Charging the battery When you find that the battery power is low, you need to charge the battery or replace it with a fully charged one. You need to charge the battery in any of the following situations:

When you purchase a new battery

If the battery status indicator starts blinking

If the battery has not been used for a long time Note:

You are advised to insert the battery pack when using your computer to prevent small particles from entering the inside of your computer.

To increase the life of the battery pack, the computer does not start recharging the battery immediately after it drops from fully charged.

Charge the battery at a temperature between 50 F and 86 F (10 C-30 C).

Full charge or discharge is not required. 8 Chapter 2. Learning the basics

Removing the battery pack If you are not going to use the computer for an extended period of time, or if you need to send your computer to Lenovo for service, etc. remove the battery pack from the computer. Before removing the battery pack, make sure the computer has been shut down.

Handling the battery If the rechargeable battery pack is replaced with an incorrect type, there may be danger of an explosion. The battery pack contains a small amount of harmful substances. To avoid possible injury and detriment to the environment, pay attention to the following points:

Replace only with a battery of the type recommended by Lenovo.

Keep the battery pack away from fire.

Do not expose the battery pack to water or rain.

Do not attempt to disassemble the battery pack.

Do not short-circuit the battery pack.

Keep the battery pack away from children.

Do not put the battery pack in trash that is disposed of in landfills. When disposing of the battery, comply with local ordinances or regulations and your company's safety standards. 9 Chapter 2. Learning the basics Using the touchpad - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Touchpad Left-/Right-click area To move the cursor on the screen, slide your fingertip on the touchpad in the direction in which you want the cursor to move. The function of the left-/right-click area corresponds to that of the left/right mouse button on a conventional mouse. Note: You can enable/disable the touchpad using Fn + F6. When the touchpad indicator is lit, the touchpad is disabled. 10 Chapter 2. Learning the basics Using function keys Through the use of the function keys, you can change operational features instantly. To use this function, press and hold Fn

; then press one of the function keys

. 11 Chapter 2. Learning the basics The following describes the features of each function key. Fn + Esc:

Turn on/off the integrated camera. Enter sleep mode. Turn on/off the backlight of the LCD screen. Open the interface for the display device switch to select this notebook or an external display. Open the interface for integrated wireless devices settings (On/Off). Enable/Disable the touchpad. Start/Pause playback of Windows Media Player. Stop playback of Windows Media Player. Skip to the previous track. Skip to the next track. F12 key Activate the system request. Activate the break function. Enable/Disable the scroll lock. Home key End key Increase/Decrease display brightness. Increase/Decrease sound volume. Fn + F1:

Fn + F2:

Fn + F3:

Fn + F5:

Fn + F6:

Fn + F7:

Fn + F8:

Fn + F9:

Fn + F10:

Fn + F11:

Fn + PrtSc:

Fn + Pause:

Fn + Delete:

Fn + PgUp Fn + PgDn Fn + / :

Fn + / :

12 Chapter 2. Learning the basics Connecting external devices - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Your computer has a wide range of built-in features and connection capabilities.

Using memory cards (not supplied) A memory card is a data storage device used for storing digital information that is commonly used in many electronic devices. Your computer is equipped with a memory card reader compatible with the following types of memory cards:

Secure Digital (SD) card

MultiMediaCard (MMC) Your computer can be used to read data from and write data to these types of memory cards. Inserting a memory card You must insert a memory card before you can read data from or write data to it with your computer. To insert a memory card:

1 Align the memory card with the card slot, with the metal contacts facing downwards. 2 Gently slide the memory card into the card slot until it reaches the end. Note: Insert only one card at a time into the slot. 13 Chapter 2. Learning the basics Removing a memory card After reading data from and/or writing data to the memory card, you can remove it from your computer. To remove a memory card:

1 Use the Windows Safely Remove Hardware utility to make sure the card is not in use. 2 Gently pull the memory card out of the card slot. 14 Chapter 2. Learning the basics

Connecting USB devices You can connect a USB device to your computer by inserting its USB plug

(Type A) into the USB port on your computer. The first time you plug a USB device into a particular USB port on your computer, Windows automatically installs a driver for that device. After the driver is installed, you can disconnect and reconnect the device without performing any additional steps. Note: Typically, Windows detects a new device after connecting it, and then installs the driver automatically. However, some devices may require you to install the driver before connecting. Check the documentation provided by the device's manufacturer before connecting the device. Before disconnecting a USB storage device, make sure your computer has finished transferring data by that device. Click the Safely Remove Hardware icon in the notification area of Windows to remove the device before disconnecting. Note: If your USB device uses a power cord, connect the device to a power source before connecting it. Otherwise, the device may not be recognized. 15 Chapter 2. Learning the basics

Connecting Bluetooth-enabled devices (on select models) If your computer has an integrated Bluetooth(R) adapter, it can connect to other Bluetooth-enabled devices, such as notebook computers, PDAs, and mobile phones, and transfer data wirelessly to and from them over a range of up to 10 meters in open areas. Note: The actual maximum range may vary due to interference and transmission barriers. For the best possible connection speed, place the device as near to your computer as possible. Enabling Bluetooth communication on your computerr You must enable Bluetooth communication on your computer before pairing your computer with other Bluetooth-enabled devices. To enable Bluetooth communication on your computer:

1 Press Fn+F5; a list of wireless features will be displayed. 2 Enable Bluetooth communication with a single click. Note: When you do not need Bluetooth communication, disable it to save battery power. Pairing your computer with other Bluetooth-enabled devices The first time you connect your computer to another Bluetooth-enabled device, you must pair the device with your computer as follows:

1 Enable Bluetooth communication on the device and set it to discoverable mode. Note: Read the documentation supplied with the device for details. 2 Enable Bluetooth communication on your computer. 3 On your computer, go to Control Panel and click Add a device. The device you want to connect to should appear on the device list. Click the device and then click Next. Your computer will generate a pairing code and display it on the screen. 4 On your device, accept the pairing invitation and enter the pairing code displayed on your computer screen. The connection will be established and Windows will automatically install drivers for the device if necessary. Once the connection is established, you can exchange data between your computer and the Bluetooth-enabled device. 16 Chapter 2. Learning the basics System status indicators - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

The system status indicators show the current computer status. The following diagram shows the location of the indicators and the table lists their statuses and meanings. No. Symbol Indicator Indicator Meaning Power status On (solid white) Blinking Off The computer is powered on. The computer is in sleep mode. The computer is powered off. 17 Chapter 2. Learning the basics Battery On (solid white) Solid amber The battery has between 5%

The battery has more than 20% charge. Fast blinking amber Slow blinking amber Slow blinking white Off Blinking Device access Wireless On Off and 20% charge. The battery has less than 5%

charge. The battery is being charged. When battery charge reaches 20%, the blinking color changes to white. The battery has between 20%

and 80% charge and is still charging. When the battery reaches 80% charge the light will stop blinking, but charging will continue until the battery is fully charged. The battery is detached. Data is being read from or written to the hard disk drive or other external storage devices. Wireless (Bluetooth or wireless network card) is enabled. Wireless is disabled. Note: Do not power off the computer or put the computer into sleep (hibernation) mode when the device access indicator is blinking. 18 Chapter 2. Learning the basics Using Lenovo Quick Start - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

With a boot time of just a few seconds, Lenovo Quick Start offers a handy environment that allows you to enjoy instant access to functions such as Web browsing, instant messaging and other entertainment functions without entering the traditional operating system. Note: If Lenovo Quick Start is not installed, a prompt will appear on the screen when you start it.

Starting Lenovo Quick Start To start Lenovo Quick Start:

1 Power off the computer. 2 Press the QS button; Lenovo Quick Start will start and be ready to use within a few seconds.

Exiting Lenovo Quick Start When you finish using Lenovo Quick Start, you can either power off the computer or start the Windows operating system. To power off the computer, click the Power off button in the lower left hand corner of the screen. To enter Windows, click the Enter OS button in the lower left hand corner of the screen; the computer will restart using the Windows operating system. 19 Chapter 2. Learning the basics 20 Chapter 3. Connecting to the Internet As a global network, the Internet connects computers worldwide, providing services such as sending and receiving e-mail information searching, elec-

tronic commerce, Web browsing and entertainment. You can connect the computer to the Internet in the following ways:

Wired connections: use physical wiring to connect. Wireless connections: connect through a wireless router. Wired connections - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Wired connections are a reliable and safe way to connect the computer to the Internet. Cable Cable Internet services use a cable modem connected to the residential cable TV line. DSL is a family of related technologies that bring highspeed network access to homes and small businesses over ordinary telephone lines. DSL 21 Chapter 3. Connecting to the Internet

Hardware for wired connections Cable DSL TV cable Telephone line Splitter *

Splitter *

Cable modem *

DSL modem *

* Not supplied.

Note: The above diagrams are for reference only. Actual connection method may vary.

Software configuration Consult your Internet Service Provider (ISP) or network administrator for details on how to configure your computer. 22 Chapter 3. Connecting to the Internet Wireless connections - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Your computer comes with a built-in wireless network card. This allows you to connect to the Internet wirelessly through a wireless network. Note: A wireless network is a computer network which uses wireless routers as access points.

Enabling the wireless network card You must enable the wireless network card before connecting to a wireless network. To enable the wireless network card:

1 Press Fn+F5; a list of wireless features will be displayed. 2 Enable wireless network card with a single click.

Hardware for wireless connections The Internet Wireless router *

* Not supplied

Connecting to a wireless network Before connecting to a wireless network, obtain the following information from the network administrator:

The network name (SSID)

The security key Once you get the network name and the security key, you can connect your computer to the wireless network. To connect to the wireless network:

1 Make sure the wireless network card is enabled and the computer is placed within the coverage range of the wireless network. 2 Go to Control Panel on your computer and click Network and Sharing Center; click Connect to a network to display all wireless networks within range. 23 Chapter 3. Connecting to the Internet 3 Select the name of your wireless network and click Connect; enter your security key when prompted. 24 Chapter 4. OneKey Rescue system OneKey Rescue system - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Introduction The Lenovo OneKey Rescue system is an easy-to-use application that can be used to back up the data on your system partition (C drive) for easy restore when required. You can run Lenovo OneKey Recovery under the Windows operating system, and the OneKey Rescue system without starting the Windows operating system. Attention:

In order to utilize the features of the OneKey Rescue system, your hard disk already includes a hidden partition by default to store the system image file and OneKey Rescue system program files. This default partition is hidden for security reasons and is the reason the available disk space is less than it claims. The exact available hard disk space depends on the file size of the mirror image file (based on the size of operating system and pre-installed software).

Using Lenovo OneKey Recovery (within Windows operating system) In Windows operating system, double click the OneKey Recovery system Icon on the desktop to launch Lenovo OneKey Recovery. Within the program, you can back up the system partition on the hard disk drive, other storage devices, or by creating recovery discs. Note:

The backup process and creation of recovery discs may take some time, connect the AC adapter and battery pack to your computer.

After the recovery discs are burned, please number them so that you can use them in the correct order.

Computers without an integrated optical drive support the creation of recovery discs;

however an appropriate external optical drive is needed to physically create the recovery discs. For more instructions, see the Help file of Lenovo OneKey Recovery. 25 Chapter 4. OneKey Rescue system

Using Lenovo OneKey Rescue system (without Windows operating system) In the event that the operating system cannot be loaded, follow the steps below to start OneKey Rescue system.

Shut down your computer.

Press the OneKey Rescue system button to start OneKey Rescue system. Within the program, you can choose to restore your system partition to the original factory status, or to a previously generated backup. Note:

The recovery process is irreversible. Make sure to back up any critical data before using the recovery feature.

You can use the tip of an unfolded paper clip (or similar object without a sharp tip) to gently press the OneKey Rescue system button.

Creating a recovery disc(s) Your computer does not ship with a recovery disc. You can use Lenovo OneKey Recovery system to create a recovery disc(s), which can be used to start and restore your computer in case of a system failure. To create a recovery disc(s):

Insert a recordable disc into the optical drive on your computer. Note: If your computer does not come with an integrated optical drive or if the integrated optical drive does not support disc creating, connect an appropriate external optical drive to your computer.

In Windows, press the OneKey Rescue system button to launch Lenovo OneKey Recovery system. 26 Chapter 4. OneKey Rescue system

On the main screen, click Create Recovery Disc.

Choose the type of recovery disc(s). You can create three types of recovery disc(s): recovery disc(s) with existing backup image, recovery disc(s) from the current system partition, and factory default recovery disc(s). Select the type of recovery disc you want to create and follow the on-screen instructions.

Insert additional recordable disc(s) when prompted. Note:

The estimated number of discs needed will be displayed before the process of creating the recovery disc(s) begins. To minimize the number of discs needed, use recordable DVDs as the media. Also make sure your optical drive is compatible with the disc intended for use.

After recovery disc creation, number the discs appropriately for use in their correct order. The first disc created will be used to start the computer in the case of a system failure. 27 Chapter 5. Troubleshooting Frequently asked questions - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

This section lists frequently asked questions and tells where you can find detailed answers. What safety precautions should I follow when using my computer?

See Chapter 1. Important safety information of Lenovo Safety and General Information Guide. How can I prevent problems with my computer?

See Chapter 2. Use and care Information of Lenovo Safety and General Information Guide. What are the main hardware features of my computer?

More information can be found in Chapter 1 and 2. Where can I find the detailed specifications for my computer?

See http://consumersupport.lenovo.com. Where are the recovery discs?

Your computer did not come with a recovery disc. For an explanation of the alternative recovery methods offered by Lenovo, see Chapter 4. OneKey Rescue system on page 25. Where are the installation discs for preinstalled programs?

Installation discs for preinstalled programs are not supplied with Windows preinstalled computers. You can visit the Lenovo consumer support Web site to find all preinstalled software downloads. By default, you can find some installation backups for certain preinstalled software in the APP folder under the D driver. How can I contact the customer support center?

See " Chapter 3. Getting help and service" of Lenovo Safety and General Information Guide. 28 Chapter 5. Troubleshooting Where can I find warranty information?

For the warranty applicable to your computer, including the warranty period and type of warranty service, see the Lenovo limited warranty flyer that came with your computer. How can I install the device drivers?

A compatible device driver is a requirement to ensure correct operation and performance of each component in your computer. If your computer is pre-installed with an operating system, Lenovo provides all drivers that you need in your hard disk. What can I do if the backup process fails?

If you can start the backup feature without a problem, but it fails during the backup process, please try the following steps:

1 Close other programs, then restart the backup process. 2 Check if the destination media is damaged, try to select another path and then try again. When do I need to restore the system to the factory status?

You can use this recovery feature when your system fails or you need to re-

install your operating system. This will restore your computer back to the initial status when you first booted up your computer after receiving it from the store. If there is critical data on your current partition, back it up before you run this recovery feature. 29 Chapter 5. Troubleshooting Troubleshooting - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

If you do not find your problem here, see Chapter 2. The following section only describes problems that might negate the need to refer to the more comprehensive information in Chapter 2. Display problems When I turn on the computer, nothing appears on the screen. When I turn on the computer, only a white cursor appears on a blank screen. My screen goes blank while the computer is on.

If the screen is blank, make sure that:

- The battery is installed correctly.

- The AC adapter is connected to the computer and the power cord is plugged into a working electrical outlet.

- The computer power is on. (Press the power button again for confirmation.)

- The memory is installed correctly. If these items are properly set, and the screen remains blank, have the computer serviced.

Restore backed-up files to your Windows environment or the entire contents of your hard disk to the original factory contents using OneKey Rescue system. If you still see only the cursor on the screen, have the computer serviced.

Your screen saver or power management may be enabled. Do one of the following to exit from the screen saver or to resume from sleep or hibernation mode:

- Touch the touchpad.

- Press any key on the keyboard.

- Press the power button.

- Press Fn + F2 to confirm whether the backlight for the LCD screen has been turned off. 30 Password problems I forgot my password. Chapter 5. Troubleshooting

If you forget your user password, you must take your computer to a Lenovo authorized servicer or a marketing representative to have the password changed. If you forget your HDD password, a Lenovo authorized servicer cannot reset your password or recover data from the hard disk. You must take your computer to a Lenovo authorized servicer or a marketing representative to have the hard disk drive replaced. Proof of purchase is required, and a fee will be charged for parts and service. If you forget your supervisor password, a Lenovo authorized servicer cannot reset your password. You must take your computer to a Lenovo authorized servicer or a marketing representative to have the system board replaced. Proof of purchase is required, and a fee will be charged for parts and service. Sleep or hibernation problems The critical low-battery error message appears, and the computer immediately turns off.

The battery power is getting low. Connect the AC adapter to the computer, or replace the battery with a fully charged one. The computer enters sleep mode immediately after Power-

on self-test (POST).

Make sure that:

- The battery is charged.

- The operating temperature is within the acceptable range. See Chapter 2. Use and care Information of Lenovo Safety and General Information Guide. Note:If the battery is charged and the temperature is within range, have the computer serviced. 31 Chapter 5. Troubleshooting The computer does not return from sleep mode and the com-

puter does not work.

If the computer does not return from sleep mode, it may have entered hibernation mode automatically because the battery is depleted. Check the power indicator. If your computer is in sleep mode, connect the AC adapter to the computer, then press any key or the power button. If your computer is in hibernation mode or power-off state, connect the AC adapter to the computer, then press the power button to resume operation. Note: If the system still does not return from sleep mode, your system has stopped responding, and you cannot turn off the computer; reset the computer. Unsaved data may be lost. To reset the computer, press and hold the power button for 4 seconds or more. If the computer is still not reset, remove the AC adapter and the battery. Computer screen problems The screen is blank.

Do the following:

- If you are using the AC adapter, or using the battery, and the battery status indicator is on, press Fn + to make the screen brighter.

- If the power indicator is in blinking, press the power button to resume from the sleep mode.

- If the problem persist, follow the solution in the following problem The screen is unreadable or distorted.

- Press Fn + F2 to confirm whether the LCD screen has been turned off.

Make sure that:

- The display device driver is installed correctly.

- The screen resolution and color quality are correctly set.

- The monitor type is correct. The screen is unreadable or distorted. Incorrect characters appear on the screen.

Did you install the operating system or programs correctly?

If they are installed and configured correctly, have the computer serviced. 32 Sound problems No sound can be heard from the speaker even when the vol-

ume is turned up. Battery problems Your computer shuts down before the battery status indica-

tor shows empty.

-or-

Your computer operates after the battery status indicator shows empty. The computer does not operate with a fully charged battery. Chapter 5. Troubleshooting

Make sure that:

- The Mute function is off.

- The headphone jack is not used.

- Speakers are selected as the playback device.

Discharge and recharge the battery.

The surge protector in the battery might be active. Turn off the computer for one minute to reset the protector; then turn on the computer again. A hard disk drive problem The hard disk drive does not work.

In the Boot menu in BIOS setup utility, make sure that the hard disk drive is included in the Boot priority order correctly. A startup problem The Microsoft Windows oper-

ating system does not start.

Use the OneKey Rescue system to help solve or identify your problem. For details about OneKey Rescue system, see Chapter 4. OneKey Rescue system on page 25. OneKey Rescue system problems Backup cannot be made.

You are not currently using a Windows operating system.

There is not enough space to store the backed up data. You will need to free more hard disk space on your system partition (C drive). Fail to restore system partition to factory default.

The system partition, such as the partition size or the drive capacity of C, has been modified. 33 Chapter 5. Troubleshooting Other problems Your computer does not respond.

To turn off your computer, press and hold the power button for 4 seconds or more. If the computer still does not respond, remove the AC adapter and the battery.

Your computer might lock when it enters sleep mode during a communication operation. Disable the sleep timer when you are working on the network. The computer does not start from a device you want.

See the Boot menu of the BIOS setup utility. Make sure that the Boot priority order in the BIOS setup utility is set so that the computer starts from the device you want. The connected external device does not work.

Also make sure that the device from which the computer starts is enabled. In the Boot menu in the BIOS setup utility, make sure that the device is included in the Boot priority order list.

Press F12 when the Lenovo logo appears on the screen while the computer is starting up to select the device you want the computer starts from.

Do not connect or disconnect any external device cables other than USB while the computer power is on; otherwise, you might damage your computer.

When using a high power consumption external devices such as an external USB optical disk drive, use external device power adapter. Otherwise, the device may not be recognized, or system shut down may result. 34 Trademarks The following terms are trademarks or registered trademarks of Lenovo in the United States, other countries, or both. Lenovo IdeaPad OneKey Microsoft and Windows are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both. Other company, products, or service names may be trademarks or service marks of others. 35 Federal Communications Commission Statement This device complies with FCC Rules Part 15. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:

This device may not cause harmful interference, and This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver. Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. The use of a shielded-type power cord is required in order to meet FCC emission limits and to prevent interference to the nearby radio and television reception. It is essential that only the supplied power cord be used. Use only shielded cables to connect I/O devices to this equipment. You are cautioned that changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void your authority to operate the equipment. Note:

Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the users authority to operate this equipment. The manufacture declares that this device is limited to Channels 1 through 11 in the 2.4GHz frequency by specified firmware controlled in the USA. RF exposure warning This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment. The equipment must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. The measured SAR levels evaluated are in compliance with the FCC RF exposure guidelines. YEELOONG 8089_*(* can be A-Z, 0-9 or blank) Series Max. SAR Measurement (1g) 802.11b SAR Value: 0.014W/kg; 802.11g SAR Value: 0.024 W/kg

RTL8188CEBT Combo miniCard Users Manual Rev. 1.0 03 Dec 2009 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. No. 2, Innovation Road II, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan Tel.: +886-3-578-0211. Fax: +886-3-577-6047 www.realtek.com.tw RTL8188CEBT Combo mini-Card User Manual COPYRIGHT 2009 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language in any form or by any means without the written permission of Realtek Semiconductor Corp. DISCLAIMER Realtek provides this document as is, without warranty of any kind, neither expressed nor implied, including, but not limited to, the particular purpose. Realtek may make improvements and/or changes in this document or in the product described in this document at any time. This document could include technical inaccuracies or typographical errors. TRADEMARKS Realtek is a trademark of Realtek Semiconductor Corporation. Other names mentioned in this document are trademarks/registered trademarks of their respective owners. USING THIS DOCUMENT This document is intended for the software engineers reference and provides detailed programming information. Though every effort has been made to ensure that this document is current and accurate, more information may have become available subsequent to the production of this guide. In that event, please contact your Realtek representative for additional information that may help in the development process. ii Rev.1.0 RTL8188CEBT Combo mini-Card User Manual Table of Contents 1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION................................................................................................................................................1 1.1. RTL8188CE ...................................................................................................................................................................1 1.2. BLUECORE4-ROM..........................................................................................................................................................1 2. FEATURES...........................................................................................................................................................................2 2.1. RTL8188CE ...................................................................................................................................................................2 2.2. BLUECORE4....................................................................................................................................................................3 PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS .................................................................................................................................................4 2.3. MINI PCI EXPRESS PIN ASSIGNMENT..............................................................................................................................4 2.4. MECHANICAL..................................................................................................................................................................5 2.5. ENVIRONMENTAL ............................................................................................................................................................5 2.5.1. Operating ...............................................................................................................................................................5 Storage....................................................................................................................................................................5 2.5.2. FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICATIONS .........................................................................................................................................5 2.6. 2.7. WARNING ........................................................................................................................................................................7 4.5.1 Federal Communication Commission Interference Statement ......................................................................................7 4.5.2 Industry Canada Statement ..........................................................................................................................................8 4.5.3 NCC....................................................................................................................................................................10 List of Tables TABLE 1. MINI PCI EXPRESS PIN ASSIGNMENT ............................................................................................................................4 TABLE 2. FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICATIONS .......................................................................................................................................5 List of Figures FIGURE 1. RTL8188CE MINICARD APPLICATION DIAGRAM ................................................................... !

FIGURE 2. RTL8188CE MINICARD MECHANICAL SPECIFICATION................................................................................................5 iii Rev.1.0 RTL8188CEBT Combo mini-Card User Manual 1. General Description 1.1. RTL8188CE The Realtek RTL8188CE is a highly integrated single-chip Wireless LAN (WLAN) controller compatible with the IEEE 802.11n specification. It combines a MAC, a 1T1R capable baseband, and RF in a single chip. The RTL8188CE provides a complete solution for a high-performance wireless client. The RTL8188CE baseband implements Multiple Input, Multiple Output (MIMO) Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) with one transmit and one receive path (1T1R). Features include one spatial stream transmission, short Guard Interval (GI) of 400ns, spatial spreading, and support for both 20MHz and 40MHz channel bandwidth. For legacy compatibility, Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS), Complementary Code Keying (CCK) and OFDM baseband processing are included to support all IEEE 802.11b, and 802.11g data rates. Differential phase shift keying modulation schemes, DBPSK and DQPSK with data scrambling capability are available, and CCK provides support for legacy data rates, with long or short preamble. The high speed FFT/IFFT paths, combined with BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM modulation of the individual subcarriers, and rate compatible punctured convolutional coding with coding rate of 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, and 5/6, provide higher data rates of 54Mbps and 150Mbps for IEEE 802.11g and 802.11n OFDM respectively. The RTL8188CE builds in an enhanced signal detector, an adaptive frequency domain equalizer, and a soft-decision Viterbi decoder to alleviate severe multi-path effects and mutual interference in the reception of multiple streams. Robust interference detection and suppression are provided to protect against Bluetooth, cordless phone, and microwave oven interference. Efficient IQ-imbalance, DC offset, phase noise, frequency offset, and timing offset compensations are provided for the radio frequency front-end. Selectable digital transmit and receive FIR filters are provided to meet transmit spectrum mask requirements and to reject adjacent channel interference, respectively. The RTL8188CE supports fast receiver Automatic Gain Control (AGC) with synchronous and asynchronous control loops among antennas, antenna diversity functions, and adaptive transmit power control functions to obtain better performance in the analog portions of the transceiver. The RTL8188CE MAC supports 802.11e for multimedia applications, 802.11i for security, and 802.11n for enhanced MAC protocol efficiency. Using packet aggregation techniques such as A-MPDU with BA and A-MSDU, protocol efficiency is significantly improved. Power saving mechanisms such as U-APSD, and APSD, reduces power wasted during idle time, and compensates for the extra power required to transmit OFDM. The RTL8188CE-GR provides simple legacy and 20MHz/40MHz co-existence mechanisms to ensure backward and network compatibility. 1.2. BlueCore4-ROM CSR BlueCore4-ROM is a single-chip radio and baseband IC for Bluetooth 2.4GHz systems including enhanced data rates (EDR) to 3Mbps. With the on-chip CSR Bluetooth software stack it provides a fully compliant Bluetooth system to v2.1 of the specification for data and voice communications. 1 Rev.1.0 2. Features 2.1. RTL8188CE General

48-pin QFN

CMOS MAC, Baseband PHY and RF in a single chip for IEEE 802.11b/g/n compatible WLAN

75Mbps receive PHY rate and 75Mbps transmit PHY rate using 20MHz bandwidth

150Mbps receive PHY rate and 150Mbps transmit PHY rate using 40MHz bandwidth

Compatible with 802.11n specification

Backward compatible with 802.11b/g devices while operating at 802.11n data rates Host Interface

Complies with PCI Express Base Specification Revision 1.1 / USB 2.0 Standards Supported

IEEE 802.11b/g/n compatible WLAN

IEEE 802.11e QoS Enhancement (WMM)

IEEE 802.11i (WPA, WPA2). Open, shared key, and pair-wise key authentication services MAC Features

Frame aggregation for increased MAC efficiency (A-MSDU, A-MPDU)

Low latency immediate High-Throughput Block Acknowledgement (HT-BA)

Long NAV for media reservation with CF-End for NAV release

PHY-level spoofing to enhance legacy compatibility

Power saving mechanism

Channel management and co-existence RTL8188CEBT Combo mini-Card User Manual

Multiple BSSID feature allows the RTL8188CE to assume multiple MAC identities when used as a wireless bridge

Supports Wake-On-WLAN via Magic Packet and Wake-up frame

Transmit Opportunity (TXOP) Short Inter-Frame Space (SIFS) bursting for higher multimedia bandwidth Peripheral Interfaces

General Purpose Input/Output (8 pins)

Three configurable LED pins

Configurable Bluetooth Coexistence Interface PHY Features

IEEE 802.11n OFDM

One Transmit and one Receive path (1T1R)

20MHz and 40MHz bandwidth transmission

Short Guard Interval (400ns)

DSSS with DBPSK and DQPSK, CCK modulation with long and short preamble

OFDM with BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM modulation. Convolutional Coding Rate: 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, and 5/6

Maximum data rate 54Mbps in 802.11g, and 150Mbps in 802.11n

Switch diversity for DSSS/CCK

Hardware antenna diversity

Selectable digital transmit and receive FIR filters

Programmable scaling in transmitter and receiver to trade quantization noise against increased probability of clipping

Fast receiver Automatic Gain Control (AGC)

On-chip ADC and DAC 2 Rev.1.0 RTL8188CEBT Combo mini-Card User Manual 2.2. BlueCore4 General

Fully Qualified Bluetooth v2.1 + EDR system

Enhanced Data Rate (EDR) compliant with v2.1 of

Specification for both 2Mbps and 3Mbps modulation modes

Full Speed Bluetooth Operation with Full Piconet Support

Scatternet Support

Low power 1.8V operation

Small footprint 6 x 6mm 84-ball VFBGA Package

Minimum External Components Required

Integrated 1.8V Regulator Host Interface

USB Por 3 Rev.1.0 Product specifications RTL8188CEBT Combo mini-Card User Manual 2.3. Mini PCI Express Pin Assignment Table 1. Mini PCI Express Pin Assignment PIN# Pin Name 1 WAKE#

3 COEX1 5 COEX2 7 CLKREQ#

9 GND 11 REFCLK-

13 REFCLK+

15 GND 17 RESERVED 19 BT_DISABLE# (Option) 21 GND 23 PERn0 25 PERp0 27 GND 29 GND 31 PETn0 33 PETp0 35 GND 37 GND 39 +3.3Vaux 41 +3.3Vaux 43 GND 45 RESERVED 47 RESERVED 49 RESERVED 51 BT_DISABLE# (Option) YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES NC YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES NC NC YES NC NC NC YES PIN# Pin Name 3.3Vaux

+1.5V (Option) 2 4 GND 6 8 UIM_PWR 10 UIM_DATA 12 UIM_CLK 14 UIM_RESET 16 UIM_VPP 18 GND 20 W_DISABLE#

22 PERST#

24 +3.3Vaux 26 GND 28 +1.5V (Option) 30 SMB_CLK 32 SMB_DATA 34 GND 36 USB_D-

38 USB_D+

40 GND 42 LED_WWAN#

44 LED_WLAN#

46 LED_WPAN#

48 +1.5V (Option) 50 GND 52 +3.3Vaux YES YES YES NC NC NC NC NC YES YES YES NC YES YES NC NC YES YES YES NC NC YES YES YES YES YES 4 Rev.1.0 2.4. Mechanical RTL8188CEBT Combo mini-Card User Manual Figure 1. RTL8188CE miniCard Mechanical Specification 2.5. Environmental 2.5.1. Operating Operating Temperature:

Relative Humidity:

2.5.2. Storage Temperature:

Relevant Humidity:

0 to 70 C 5-90% (non-condensing)

-55 to 125 C 5-95% (non-condensing) 2.6. Functional Specifications Table 2. Functional Specifications Standards Bus Interface Form Factor Data Rate IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g, Draft IEEE 802.11n, IEEE 802.11d, IEEE 802.11e, IEEE 802.11h, IEEE 802.11i WiFi:

BT:

BT v2.1 + EDR WiFi: PCI Express BT: USB Half Size Mini Card 802.11b:

11, 5.5, 2, 1 Mbps;

5 Rev.1.0 RTL8188CEBT Combo mini-Card User Manual 802.11g:

802.11n:

54, 48, 36, 24, 18, 12, 9, 6 Mbps MCS 0 to 7 for HT20MHz;

MCS 0 to 7 for HT40MHz BT:

WiFi:

1/2/3 Mbps CSMA/CA with ACK WiFi + BT:

AFH, Time Division 802.11b:

802.11g:

802.11n:

CCK, DQPSK, DBPSK 64 QAM, 16 QAM, QPSK, BPSK BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM BT:

GFSK, /4 DQPSK, 8DPSK WiFi:

Ad-hoc mode (Peer-to-Peer ) Infrastructure mode WiFi 2.4GHz:

11: (Ch. 1-11) United States 13: (Ch. 1-13) Europe 13: (Ch. 1-14) Japan BT 2.4GHz:

Ch. 0 ~78 2.400GHz ~ 2.4835 GHz WiFi :

BT:

Simple Paring 3.3 V 9% I/O supply voltage WPA, WPA-PSK, WPA2, WPA2-PSK, WEP 64bit & 128bit, IEEE 802.11x, IEEE 802.11i Media Access Control Modulation Techniques Network Architecture Operating Channel Frequency Range Security Operating Voltage 6 Rev.1.0 RTL8188CEBT Combo mini-Card User Manual 2.7. Warning 4.5.1 Federal Communication Commission Interference Statement This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one of the following measures:

Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver. Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.

This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:

(1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. FCC Caution: Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate this equipment. IMPORTANT NOTE:

FCC Radiation Exposure Statement:

This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment. This equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance 20cm between the radiator & your body. This transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. IEEE 802.11b or 802.11g operation of this product in the U.S.A. is firmware-limited to channels 1 through 11. This device is intended only for OEM integrators under the following conditions:

The antenna must be installed such that 20 cm is maintained between the antenna and users, and The transmitter module may not be co-located with any other transmitter or antenna, As long as 3 conditions above are met, further transmitter test will not be required. However, the OEM integrator is still responsible for testing their end-product for any additional compliance requirements required with this module installed (for example, digital device emissions, PC peripheral requirements, etc.). 7 Rev.1.0 RTL8188CEBT Combo mini-Card User Manual IMPORTANT NOTE: In the event that these conditions can not be met (for example certain laptop configurations or co-location with another transmitter), then the FCC authorization is no longer considered valid and the FCC ID can not be used on the final product. In these circumstances, the OEM integrator will be responsible for re-evaluating the end product (including the transmitter) and obtaining a separate FCC authorization. End Product Labeling This transmitter module is authorized only for use in device where the antenna may be installed such that 20 cm may be maintained between the antenna and users. The final end product must be labeled in a visible area with the following: Contains FCC ID: TX2RTL8188CEBT. Manual Information To the End User The OEM integrator has to be aware not to provide information to the end user regarding how to install or remove this RF module in the users manual of the end product which integrates this module. The end user manual shall include all required regulatory information/warning as show in this manual. Industry Canada Statement This device complies with RSS-210 of the Industry Canada Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:

1) this device may not cause interference and 2) this device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device This device has been designed to operate with an antenna having a maximum gain of 3.95 dBi. Antenna having a higher gain is strictly prohibited per regulations of Industry Canada. The required antenna impedance is 50 ohms. To reduce potential radio interference to other users, the antenna type and its gain should be so chosen that the EIRP is not more than required for successful communication. IMPORTANT NOTE:

IC Radiation Exposure Statement:

This equipment complies with IC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment. This equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance 20cm between the radiator & your body. 4.5.2 Industry Canada Statement This device complies with RSS-210 of the Industry Canada Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:

1) this device may not cause interference and 2) this device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device 8 Rev.1.0 RTL8188CEBT Combo mini-Card User Manual This device has been designed to operate with an antenna having a maximum gain of 3.95dBi. Antenna having a higher gain is strictly prohibited per regulations of Industry Canada. The required antenna impedance is 50 ohms. To reduce potential radio interference to other users, the antenna type and its gain should be so chosen that the EIRP is not more than required for successful communication. IMPORTANT NOTE:

IC Radiation Exposure Statement:

This equipment complies with IC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment. This equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance 20cm between the radiator & your body. This device is intended only for OEM integrators under the following conditions:

The transmitter module may not be co-located with any other transmitter or antenna. As long as conduction above is met, further transmitter test will not be required. However, the OEM integrator is still responsible for testing their end-product for any additional compliance requirements required with this module installed (for example, digital device emissions, PC peripheral requirements, etc.). The antenna must be installed such that 20 cm is maintained between the antenna and users. IMPORTANT NOTE: In the event that these conditions can not be met (for example certain laptop configurations or co-location with another transmitter), then the IC authorization is no longer considered valid and the IC ID can not be used on the final product. In these circumstances, the OEM integrator will be responsible for re-evaluating the end product (including the transmitter) and obtaining a separate IC authorization. End Product Labeling The final end product must be labeled in a visible area with the following: Contains IC :

6317A-RTL8188CEBT. Manual Information That Must be Included The OEM integrator has to be aware not to provide information to the end user regarding how to install or remove. This RF module in the users manual of the end product which integrates this module. The users manual for OEM Integrators must include the following information in a prominent location IMPORTANT NOTE: To comply with FCC RF exposure compliance requirements. The antenna must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. 9 Rev.1.0 4.5.3 NCC RTL8188CEBT Combo mini-Card User Manual ID Realtek Semiconductor Corp. Headquarters No. 2, Innovation Road II, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan, R.O.C. Tel: 886-3-5780211 Fax: 886-3-5776047 www.realtek.com.tw 10 Rev.1.0